This book made available by the Internet Archive.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

deprive any subject'of either life or liberty, without good and sufficient reason;" and if I had not said this, the proposition should, it seems to me, have been understood with this limitation, unless this limitation had been excluded by its express terms. The right of a man to alienate his life at the call of of his country, or for the good of his race, does not imply, it seems to me, the right to commit suicide."

"Moreover," says our imaginary abolitionist, "the mere quality of alienability does not transfer a right or any other piece of property. Actual alienation is necessary for this purpose. And when and where, the abolitionist may most triumphantly ask, has the Southern slave performed the act of alienating his liberty ? Who were the witnesses and how was the transfer evidenced?" Now, all that is here said, all that is here implied, is most freely admitted. "Be it conceded," as I have said in the extract already made from liberty and slavery, "that the individual has never transferred his right to life or liberty to society." All this has been, as we have seen, conceded to the abolitionist, and laid out of the controversy between us. The question between us is, not what the slave has done, but what he might.have done. We all know he has never transferred his freedom to society, but might he not have done so with perfect propriety ? And if he had refused to do so, might not society, as in these Southern States she has done, have taken it from him? The question is, not whether the slave has transferred to society his right to freedom, but whether he had any such right to transfer. I have uniformly contended that he had no such right; and that society, in denying freedom to him, has done no wrong to any one, and a great good to all. Hence, I would respectfully say to such an abolitionist, that he only contends for what I had fully conceded to him at the outset, and mistakes the real point in dispute between us.

"How pointedly," continues Mr. R., "might he address Professor Bledsoe in his own language, 'do we then live, and move and breathe, and think, and worship God, only by rights derived from society? No, certainly. We have these rights from a higher source. God gave them and all the powers of the earth combined cannot take them away.' " And how well might he maintain that right derived from God cannot be alienable. True, our rights are derived from God, and the powers of earth cannot take them away. I am not at all startled by these old familiar words, which have been six times transcribed with our own hand, and stood upon record before me for ten long years. They assert, it is true, that certain rights are derived from God, and are inalienable. But they do not assert, that all men are created equal, that all men are endowed by their Creator with an inalienable right to life and liberty. Only some men possess such right at all; and they, it is conceded, possess it as an inalienable right. That is, they can neither transfer it to society, nor can soci-

ety take it from them. But there are, as I have everywhere contended, cases in which men possess no right to life or liberty; and, in all such cases, both life and liberty may be taken away by society for its own highest good. It is on this ground that I justify the institution of sla-ery. Not on the ground that society may divest the slave of his natural right to personal freedom, but on the ground that he possesses no such natural right, and the good of all is incompatible with his personal freedom.

In the foregoing remarks, as well as in various portions of my work on Liberty and Slavery, I wish it to be remembered, that as I have been reasoning with the abolitionist, so I have used the terms fiberty and freedom in his sense of them, and not my own. In the true sense of the word, liberty is, I admit, an inalienable right; and cannot be taken away by society. For liberty is "the enjoyment of one's rights ;" and every man ceriainly has a right to enjoy these, be they more or less.

But in this sense, slavery is not, as I have endeavored to show, at all inconsistent with liberty. For I have endeavored to show, that the slave of the South have no right to personal freedom; and that consequently, in denying it to them, no right is infringed, while great good is accomplished. "As it is their duty to labor," I have said, (p. 271) "so the law which compels them to do so is not oppressive. It deprives them of the enjoyment of no right, unless, indeed, they may be supposed to have a right to violate their duty. Hence, in compelling the colored population of the South to work, the law does deprive them of liberty in the true sense of the word; that is, it does not deprive them of the enjoyment of any right. It merely requires them to peform a natural duty."

'But in arguing the question of liberty and slavery with the abolitionist, I have been compelled to use these words in the sense which he attaches to them. In this sense, I deem his propositions false, his premises as well as his conclusions. Hence, I am not able to agreewith Mr. R., that the premise of the abolitionists correct (p. 150) while his conclusion is false. "The abolitionist," says he, " is right in maintaining that life and liberty are inalienable rights, but wrong in thence condemning slavery." He is certainly right in his premise, that liberty is an inalienable right, if he attaches the true idea to the term liberty ; but nothing is farther from his thoughts than this, as I suppose it will be admitted by Mr. R. himself. By liberty or freedom, the abolitionist means the power to act as one pleases, or at least withcnd the restraint or control of a master. Such is his own meaning; and his premise is, I apprehend, as he understands it himself, and not as it may be understood by another. Hence I deem his premise false.

In the true sense of the term liberty, slavery is not its opposite. Its opposite, its antagonistic principle, is license. By the institution

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

197

of slavery for the blacks, license is shut out, and liberty is introduced. It is introduced by the slaves themselves. For they have a natural right to that government, to that supervision and control, which, on the whole, is best for them ; and such is slavery. Hence, slavery secures them in the enjoyment of their natural right; and, according to the measure of their capacity to receive it, bestows upon them real liberty. Let this institution be abolished, and they will mo l6nger enjoy their natural rights. In the strong language of Mr. R.. they would "moulder away as if by a consuming pestilence, their morals, their minds, and their bodies rotting ■down in one universal ruin."

Though there are some points of difference between Mr- R. and myself; yet these, I am highly gratified to believe, are insignificant and trifling when compared with the great fundamental conceptions in which we agree. A laudable desire on his part, to defend the doctrine of the Declaration of Independence, that all men are endowed by their Creator with an inalienable right to life and liberty, is perhaps the chief source of our differences. But though his veneration for that noble and time-honored instrument is great, it is by no means blind or undiscriminating. He defends the language, and shows that it admits of a high and glorious sense ; but yet he does not insist that such was the sense of its illustrious author. In his own way. and according to bis own independent views, he maintains that slavery is consistent with the Declaration of Independence, and with the natural right of the slave. But, he adds, "we shall be told that such was not the view taken of slavery by the authors of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Bill of Rights. That in their opinion it violated those great organic laws. We grant it to the fullest extent. But our departure from their opinion is neither disrespect to them nor arrogance in us." We should be happy to quote the whole of this striking passage; but the readers of the Southern Planter may easily turn to it for them-elves, and read the admirable reflections with which it concludes.

With sentiments of the highest consideration and esteem, I have, Sir, the honor to remain your friend and servant.

A. T. BLEDSOE.

USE OF THE SCRAPER IN CLEANING

DITCHES MILL-RACES AND CREEKS. Mr. Sara. P. Ryland:

Yours of the 23d of April has just been received, which finds me confined to my home after an indisposition of* more than a week. Supposing an immediate reply necessary for your work, I will at once give you my mode of using the scraper. More than two years ago I purchased an iron scraper of Mr. Palmer (Seedsman of Richmond, Va.) at a cost of seven dollars all ready for hitching the horses. This I esteem the very best scraper I have ever used,

or seen. It is an implement no farmer should be without, as it is a great labour-saving article of but small cost and great last. I find it useful not only in cleaning out my mill race, cleaning out and straightening \uj creeks, but very useful in scraping up my farm pens and wood piles and in makiug roads. Now in the article alluded to by you, in which I say it will do the work of fifteen or twenty hands, I certainly did not mean to say it could always, and every-whre accomplish so much; for the scraper, nor no other machine can do this; for instance, if I had only a few bushels of wheat' to get out, it would hardly be thought a saving of time to fix up an improved threshing machine to do what in less time I could accomplish with a flail or even over a barrel; so with the scraper, where the banks are low and the mud, .had merely to be spaded and raised a foot or two upon the bank, then the fifteen hands could and would accomplish more than the scraper. I will now show you where I meant the scraper could and would accomplish more than fifteen or twenty field hands. My mill race, from the point at which the water is taken from the creek and that point at which it re-enters the creek below the mill is about one thousand yards and varies in depth from four to fifteen feet; in the deep cuts the channel was so narrow, it could not convey water enough for my grist mill, threshing machine and a saw mill then but lately attached; nor could could the hands work at these points in cleaning it out. One set of hands had to throw the dirt a part of the way, and another set had re-throw it out, and this half way working was at a great loss of time and labour: and, more than all, the work was not half done. I at once determined to cut .the canal' 6even feet wide. I did so : it answered all I expected of it; but I soon found it filling up very fast, owing to my having no dam. And the washings of the mountain farms were rapidly accumulating in my race, which required more time than I could spare to keep it cleaned out—especially at these deep cuts the labour was vastly heavy, and progress very slow. I now do this work with a man and two horses, a coulter or plough and scraper in the following way: on each side of these deep cuts, say fifty yards, it fulls to four or five feet rise, at which low points I cut a graded outlet parallel with the race, just wide enough for the horses to pull out the loaded scraper. If the horses enter above, they drag the scraper midway between the two outlets, where the scraper is set to load itself, (which it does very rapidly if there are no tussocks, turf, roots, or sticks to impede its wedge-like shape), it is then dragged to the outlet, and carried to some low or weak place of the embankment and deposited there by a mere tilt of the handle towards the horses, and returned in place, all without stopping the horse at at all; tbey then re-enter where they came out—go up to the midway point, reload and go out above in the same manner, which saves the expense of cutting the race

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

wide enough for the teams to turn around in; always keep the work clean up as you progress, leaving the points where you go out for the last, as the rise will aid the teams very much in going out, and at these points I have to finish with shovels. If the cleaning out is not wanted for raising or strengthening the banks, it makes first-rate manure mixed with lime, ashes or stable manure. I* have so u ed it to a great advantage. Here the scrapers will equal fifteen or twenty hands. In straightening my creek, where I had some washed places to be filled, from fifty to a hundred yards distant, I think my man, two horses, coulter and plough, did more than any fifteen or twenty hands could have done in cleaning out some shoals, and moving the dirt to some low or weak places of the emba'fikment.

I let the water out of the canal and permit it to get dry enough for the hand, horses and 'scraper to do good work in ; and if any part of it becomes too compact, then, as thought best, the colter or plough is used. I never work but one man and one set of horses at these jobs ; more would be in the way, as it is only necessary to take the stretcher or double-tree from one and fix it to the other, which is quickly done. With a quick and sensible driver, and a quick pair of horses, you would be astonished at the amount of work done in a day. The shoals in my creek are merely loosened up by the coulter or plough, and quickly removed by the scraper. Where the creek is to be straightened, it is-laid off, and the grass tussocks, roots, &c, re*-moved by ploughs, spades and carts when it is to be carried off; for the scraper cannot work in such rough materials. Small holes made by the crawfish and eels, I have stopped better by saw dust than any other article I have ever used. I have thus hurriedly answered your enquiries, and I hope you may be able to understand my letter. If you should use it, and find it of any service to you, please let me hear of it through the Planter, that it may be of service to some other of our numerous brethren of the plough. Most of us poor fellows are so hard to believe and so slow to try is the one great cause why improvements progress so slowly. If I know anything, that little is always at the service of my brother farmers. With best wishes for your success.

Most Respectfully, GEO. C. GILMER.

Inglewood, Albemarle Co., May 3d, 1856.

Cooking Onions. —Onions are very good boiled in milk and water, which diminishes the strong taste of that vegetable. An excellent way of serving them up, is to chop them after they are boiled, and put them in a stew pan with a little milk, butter, salt and pepper, and let them stew about fifteen minutes.— Western Agriculturist.

Report of the Committee of the United Farmers' Agricultural Club on Agricultural Implements. Communicated to the Southern Planter.

The subject, referred'to the committee at a for' mer meeting of the Club, is second to no other in importance to the farming community. At ho former period has the knowledge of mechanics, or skill and enterprise in mechanism, been so successfully applied to the interests of agriculture. Until within a few years past, implements employed in husbandry were of the simplest and most primitive character, costing but little in the outlay, but expensive in the end, and constructed without reference to the economy of manual labor. But the general progress of science, the necessity of increased products to meet the multiplied wants, real or imaginary, of a higher civilization, and the reluctance of labor to seek employment in agricultural pursuits, have conspired to give an impetus to improvement in agricultural implements, and to stimulate the invention of time and labor saving machinery, hitherto unknown. This direction of mechanic art has been encouraged and fostered by the liberal patronage of more enlightened agricultural enterprise, till implements of husbandry have multipled to a degree, in some departments, almost beyond the knowledge of the farmer of their use or mode of operating them. Hence, the judicious and enterprising farmer of the present day, possesses advantages wholly unknown to his predecessors. Time and labor constitute an essential item of the capital of the farmer; and he, who fails to economize these, cannot hope for successful competition with more enterprising rivals. To neglect the strengthening of ourselves by all such substantial aids, would be that species of economy which may properly be designated as " penny wise and pound foolish,"

But in availing ourselves of the advantages we may enjoy, a shrewd discrimination is necessary, to save us from becoming victims to the tricks of trade, or dupes of those whose credulity, and not judgment or experience, forms the basis of their opinions and recommendations. It is often the case that implements of real merit in one locality are worse than useless in another, where peculiar conditions of soil and other circumstances exist, not taken into calculation in the mode or principle of their construction. In such cases, injustice to one party and injury or loss to the other may result from the want of a proper discrimination. In concluding these introductory remarks, the committee will take occasion to suggest the propriety of a distinct understanding between buyer and seller, in all cases, where the implement is not of tried and acknowledged merit, and also of familiar use to the purchaser, that it be returned on terms agreed, if, on fair trial, it fails to give satisfaction—the experimenter pointing out its defects and the special reasons of its

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

199

failure under particular circumstances. This course, it seems to us, -would be beneficial alike to the farmer and the mechanic—remove distrust, and establish confidence.

Farm implements may be classified as, 1st, those proper for preparing the soil; 2nd, those for putting in and cultivating grain and other crops; 3rd, implements for severing and securing crops ; 4th, those for threshing and preparing for market; 5th, implements of promiscuous uses.

1st. Implements for preparing the soil. It is a just sentiment, and one more universally admitted than practiced, that thorough preparation of the soil is the first element of success, and moreover, that thus prepared, little subsequent cultivation is needed to ensure a satisfactory crop. The implement best adapted to this purpose, and vastly superior to all others in the knowledge of the Committee, is the Livingston plough. Its superiority consists in its simplicity, durability, easy draft, width and depth of furrow, and in inverting the sod. The V and square harrow, the latter adapted to the inequalities of the surface by means of a double frame with hinges in the middle, are all needful to be mentioned under this head.

2nd. For putting in and cultivating grain and other crops.

The corn planter the Committee cannot recommend to general use, as at present constructed. The track of its roller renders the soil liable to brake after a heavy shower, both before and after the corn comes up. It is liable to deposite the grain unequally, and at irregular distances. Corn thus planted, with dry plaster irregularly scattered, and not always brought in contact with the grain, is observed no tot vegetate with the same vigor as when rolled in plaster. The shear coulter in the first instance, and the three tooth sidewipe, with slight wings on the shanks, for the purpose of throwing earth to the corn, are preferred to other implements under this head, and by timely and judicious use, may be made ordinarily, to supersede all others in the culture of corn. . The subject of Wheat-Drills, a costly implement, has engaged much attention recently, and the Committee regret it3 inabilily to speak comparatively of the dhTerent kinds. But one pattern has been used to any extent as yet by us— Pinnock's—and whatever may be said in recommendation of the principle of its construction, which may or may not be a good one, the committee feels authorized to denounce the machines sent us, as humbugs ; and the reverse of time and labor saving. Of the very considerable number sold in this county last year, we have yet to hear of the first instance in which satisfaction was given. With a few or no exception-', all that were used had first to be repaired or altered; some, when not paid for, were sent back,—others could not be used at all, for want of. necessary parts of the machinery; and which being paid for, the agents refused to

take back, on account of the lateness of the period, though offered fifteen per cent, discount and freight on the return. ■ Of those that were sold, some came to pieces, and all performed imperfectly and unsatisfactorily.

The committee feels warranted in saying this article was made to sell, and that the only profit, connected with it, enures wholly to the manufacturer and the of agents, who, innocently lend themselves to impose them on the farming community. Those who wish to make farther improvements with drills, are recommended to the pattern of Bickwell & Hoffman, which is highly spoken of in some quarters.

The single or light double-shovel may be regarded as most satisfactory for putting in small grain. In dry seasons the ordinary harrow cannot be relied on. Under this head may be classed Seymore's Broad-Caster—an implement highly spoken of, and so far as the committee have observed, of real merit. The regularity and evenness of its work in sowing wheat, guano and plaster, cannot be surpassed. But the price demanded for such a machine seems to the Committee muqh too high,, and this with the cost of working it, will greatly limit its use. 3rd. For severing and securing grain-On large estates the grain reaper is much approved, and on smooth land may be advantageously employed. Neither the experience nor the observation of the Committee warrants it in recommending any particular pattern.

The light hand hoe is preferred to any. other implement for cutting up corn. The elastic wire tooth gleaner, (the name of the patentee not remembered,) is valuable both in the wheat field and meadow.

4th. For threshing and cleaning grain. ■The staple tooth thresher, manufactured by Smith of Louisa, and Smith of Richmond, and we believe also by Fishback of Green, may be recommended for the ease, rapidity and efficiency with which it operates. The manufacturers of this machine, the Committee will remark, neither do themselves nor their patrons justice in claiming for it the merit of being staple tooth, when in fact it is not entirely so—the teeth in the concave being simply spikes—less secure and more dangerous than if what they are claimed to be.

The Virginia corn-sheller, manufactured by Smith of Richmond, is an admirable implement and entitled to precedence over all others of its class. No farmer who has occasion to shell five bushels of corn a week, should be without one. Doyle's fan for grain and grass seed is very generally in use and universally approved. The Committee is not prepared to say whether improvements have been made to supersede it by some other pattern. Of portable mills, no other than the Little Giant Corn and Cob Crusher has come under the observation of the Committee, and this is earnestly recommended as a most valuable machine—operating most expeditiously and so effectually as to render it difficult to

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

1

distinguish the grain from the Cob in the ground state. If it be economy to crush corn and cob, which can scarcely .be doubted, then few improvements have been introduced, of which the farmer should more promptly avail himself than of this. Other machines for the same purpose are favorably spoken of, which may prove more desirable than this on trial—the Excelsior for example, upon the same principle and about the same costs.

IMPLEMENTS OF PROMISCUOUS USES.

5th. The committee recommends Wells' Seed Sower as a valuable implement. By it, time, labor and seed are saved and the operation of sowing, better and more uniformly done, than by hand-sowing ; but the price so far exceeds a fair profit on the cost of manufacture as to amount to extortion, and, therefore, the committee will not recommend its vise.

The English Clod Crusher, which consists of a series of revolving sections, whose outer edges are indented after the fashion of a cross-cut saw, is costly, very heavy and effective. On one or two farms of the stiff lands of James River it is highly esteemed. In our Piedmont district, implements of far less cost may be substituted when necessary, though occasions for such rarely occur.

The ordinary roller, either plain or pegged, is indispensable upon our light lands to secure a stand of young grasses. Of straw cutters the committee unhesitatingly award its preference to Smith's of Richmond, for its simplicity, expedition, durability and the evenness of its work.. No stable should be without one. The scraper, so valuable for removing earth, ditch banks and levelling inconvenient equalities of surface, is recommended. The various improvements in shovels and forks for handling manures are worthy of consideration and adoption. JAMES NEWMAN, ) PHILIP B. JONES, V of Orange. HENRY MASSIE. )

Pot Cheese. —There is an other dish, when one is scarce of sause, that we may use a great deal: Take a crock or two of thick milk.; put it on the slove, stir it once in a while ; -let it get milk-warm and no warmer ; take it off and pour it into a thin bag; hang 'it up five or six hours, so that they will run off; then take a bowlfull, and put on enough sour cream to make it quite soft, and it is good, and certainly cheap. ■ < ■»» » —■

Boil tour Molasses. —When molasses is used in cooking, it is a very great improvement to boil and skim it before you use it. It takes out the raw taste, and makes it almost as good as sugar. Where molasses is used much for culinary purposes, it is well to prepare one or two gallons in this manner at a time.

[From the Valley Farmer.] STEAM POWER FOR FARM PURPOSES.

You request me in your letter to furnish you with an account of my " Portable Steam Engine for Farm Purposes," which I do with pleasure, fully assured that the substitution of such a steam power, on all our farms of moderate size, is only a question of time.

The Engine as yet has been tried only under the most unfavorable circumstances. Standing out doors, entirely unprotected, the weather intensely cold, the wood green, the machinery all new, many little advantages not giyen in it,—yet yet it more than equalled my expectations, and gave entire satisfaction to all who saw it work. I tried it threshing again with perfect success—i not using more than one-third the amount of steam, which was kept up without the least difficulty—nor did there appear to be the least danger of setting fire te the straw. I then tried it crushing corn in the cob with one of Pitt's Crushers, which I have had in use for the last four years, and though it was dull, and many of the teen broken, with such an application of power, I never saw better nor faster work done. I also tried the engine cutting straw, corn stalks and hay with equal success, using one of Sin-clairs 12 inch cutters. I was satisfied that the engine could have driven the three machines all at the same time. Will the Engine do ? is a question quite settled with me, and in future I shall use it as a motive power for all the machinery on my farm, to which power can be conveniently applied. The space occupied by my Engine is G by 9 feet. The boiler is 41 inches in diameter, and made of the best No. 4 4 Philadelphia stamped iron. The exhausted steam paases into the smoke-pipe, killing all the sparks. The smoke-pipe is 19 feet high and 12 inches in diameter, which gives a strong draft. The whole machine is mounted on a strong iron truck, with wheels 20 inches in diameter, and can be easily drawn to any part of my farm by four horses. My Engine can be worked up to about an eight horse power. The weight including the truck, is 4900 lbs. These engines are manufactured by Messrs. A. N. Wood & Co., and for compactness of form, simplicity of construction, arrangements of working parts, durability and good workmanship, they can scarcely be surpassed. They are easily managed, as you may judge from the fact that mine is being safely run and perfectly well attended to by one of my negro boys, who had never so much as seen an engine before. The price at which these engines are afforded places them within the reach of nearly every farmer. They are made from 2J to 10 horse power, costing from $225 to-§835. My engine consumes from three to four barrels of water per day, and about § cord of wood. [Signed,]

J. A. HUMPHREYS

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

201

TURNIP CULTURE.

Mr. F. G. Ruffin, ••

Dear Sir :—In the December number of your Planter, you called attention to a specimen of King William turnips received from me, with a request that I should tell the public howl raised them, on what kind of land, &c. At the same time you inquired of me whether I was not satisfied that turnips, in King William, were a better crop than law suits ; inasmuch as you had heard through a friend that a few years ago, there was only oner new suit brought to a term of the Circuit Court, You put a tough question to a young lawyer, and I will answer it indirectly by stating that it gives me great pleasure to render a more favorable report of my county. Litigation is increasing : and I hope old King William will soon occupy the position she ought— that of an enterprising and trading community. This is quite a digression from the subject of turnips, but I hope you will pardon' me for giving you a little news.

About the 25th of July, 1855, I drilled an acre of land in Rutobaga turnips, and a fourth of an acre in white turnips. The land, of a medium texture, was ploughed eight or ten inches deep in the latter part of June, and thoroughly harrowed previous to drilling the seed. Most persons do not plough up the land for turnips, until they are ready to sow or drill. I think it far preferable to plough the land a month or two previous, as it is all important that it should be reduced to a perfect state of pulverization. If harrowing will not prepare the ground nicely, it should be reploughed. This will depend on the kind of soil and the season. I prefer a medium soil for turnips. If the land is sandy, the turnips will suffer from a drought. On the contrary, if the land is stiff, the turnips will not grow very large.

My Rutobaga seed were put in drills 3 feet wide, and 12 inches distant in the drill.

One third of the land was covered with cow-pen manure, and guanoed in the drill at the time of drilling the seed. One third was guanoed in the drill (on land not cow-penned), and had a second application of guano previous to throwing dirt to the turnips with a single plough.

The remaining third of an acre bad only one application of guano, and that in the drill. Quaere as to the product of each. The product of the first mentioned third of an acre was a little greater than that of the second ; and the product of the second was more than double that of the third. The portion of land drilled in white turnips was heavily manured by cow-pens, and had an application of guano in the drill. The product was the greatest I have ever seen from the same quantity of land : the largest size weighing from 10 to 13 pounds. I did not measure to ascertain the quantity of turnips I raised, but the supply seems to be almost inexhaustible. My fattening hogs last fall were fed on them once a day for six weeks, and I

would occasionally feed my out hogs on them. My milch cows and sheep have been feeding on them during the past winter up to the present time; and I still have " a few more left." Preservation through winter and spring.

The first frosty morning in autumn have the tops of your turnips taken off an inch or more above the roots with small sticks. This is better than cutting off the tops, as they are brittle when frozen, and you will be thus rid of a very tedious operation. A neat farmer would advocate cutting off the tops, but " dispatch" is my motto. Have your roots taken up with care so as not to bruise them ; then place them in conical piles or mounds containing 30 bushels each. Around these mounds place straw or some other coarse material, five or six inches thick. Over it place dirt, taken from the base of the mound, so as to form a covering 10 or 12 inches thick, thereby preventing water from coming in contact with the roots. In the top of the mound it would be well to insert a wisp of straw, to allow the impure air to escape, by removing it in wet weather; although my turnips have kept well without this precaution. When wanted for use, remove the contents of the whole mound opened, to some convenient place where they will be sheltered from the inclement weather: If you leave turnips in the mound, after it is opened they will soon rot.

Farmers vary as much as to the most economical modeof feeding away their Rutobagas, as they do about the most judicious way in which guano should be used. : My way is certainly attended with less trouble, as I feed to my stock the raw turnip chopped fine, unless when the weather was so cold as to freeze them, which was the case during most of the past winter. Of course it would answer a better purpose to mix the Rutobaga with corn meal, &c, and then boil; but I look on so many bushels of corn as so much money, which is a scarcer article with me than turnips were.

Farmers who differ with me will say that it is a waste to feed the raw turnip to cattle, unmixed with other nutritive food; but I ask why the necessity for consuming so much corn, while these milch cows, are affording enough milk and butter for a hjrge family, subsisting on the nutritive matter of the raw turnip.

I regret to see that turnip culture is so much neglected in this section of Virginia. A farmer's ambition is satisfied if he has a small piece of cow-penned land to seed a few turnips in. The preparation of the ground is a matter of little moment. All he wants is to be able to boast that he has got a turnip patch ! He gives a.small spot a slight scratching with a plough, sows the seed broadcast to expedite the work, and then leaves them to shift for themselves. There are a few farmers who regard the turnip culture of more value, but they are " like angel's visits few and far between."

Richard Hawes.

King Wm. Co. April, 1856.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

CHRONIC RHEUMATISM IN HORSES.

Chronic rheumatism is generally a sequel to the acute, yet if the subject be closely watched a train of phenomena may be observed very similar to those attending the acute stage : yet differing in its gradual accession: obscure state of the phenomena, and less functional and structural changes.

At times, chronic rheumatism, is nothing more than a modified and protracted state of the acute stage, it is migratory like the former; attacking this, that, or other tissues, without reference to its original locality. For example, a horse may, after a brisk driving and subsequent exposure, become lame in the region of the fore extremeties, this lameness may, perhaps, be defined as sub-acute, or chronic rheumatism ; from the fact that there is no increase in arterial nor respiratory actions ; but the first thing we observe, is, that the subject is laboring under hypertrophy of the heart, perhaps carditis or endo-carditis, and this is proof positive of the migratory character of rheumatism.

But why should rheumatism attack the ■heart 1 This is quite an interesting question, and thus we answer it. The physiology of the heart instructs us that its motions are governed by the impression made upon the susceptible nervous tissues. Its responses are physiological when the whole system is unembarrassed. It is the centre, not only of circulation, but of sympathy, and responds to the impressions made upon the general system, so that it any disturbance shall occur in the animal economy, in the form of fever, spasm, &c, or, the horse be affrighted, punished, or exposed to sudden variatjpns in temperature, the heart is one of the organs first deranged. ■ Rheumatism therefore being migratory, is apt, in travelling from tissue to tissue, to locate on a deranged organ, especially when that organ is one so easily excited as the heart.

Causes of Rheumatism. —The special cause of rheumatism is, hereditary predisposition. -In certain families morbid tendencies are transmitted from parents to offspring and display themselves in the developement, of parental defect and deformity. There are, also, general exciting causes, such as exposure after perspiring

freely; dampf and cold stables, errors in diet, or stable management, over-work, &c.

Principal symptoms of chronic rheumatism. —The subject is generally observed to travel a limited, or stiffened gait at first, when taken out of the stable ; he appears " stiffened up," as the saying is, yet " limbers up," as he proceeds ; this depends, however, somewhat on the temperature of the atmosphere, for the animal is nothing less than a walking barometer,* and the slightest alteration in the weather affects him very sensibly.

The disease may manifest itself in the diffuse form, affecting the body, as well as the limbs and feet, which gives to the animal a sort of wirey, spare appearance; yet otherwise, he appears well and can play his part at the game of food, as well as any horse. In the absence of all inflammatory symptoms, this peculiar and almost ruined condition is designated, by some, as general founder, and as no one has ever drawn a line of demarcation between what is known to medical men as chronic rheumatism, and what the rest part of the world denominate chronic founder, we shall consider that chronic rheumatism is founder and vice versa.

Passing from the diffuse form this chronic affection may locate in the muscles of the trunk; then, it gets the name of "body founder," the animal is then unabled to move the body in lateral directions, without showing an awkward stiffness, and on being made to turn a corner, when going at a smart gait, a stiffness, apparently in the spinal regions, is generally perceived.

At times it locates in the pectoral region, and in consequence of either long continued pain, (which is known to exhaust muscular rotundity,) or innutrition, the parts, present a shrunken or hollow aspect. In the absence of acute symptoms this is the veritable " chest founder."

A disease of this character long confined to one or both shoulders is often followed by a similar wasting of the spina-tus muscles and is often termed " sweeny," the same condition of parts, however, may be the consequence of diseased feet, for we often observe an atrophy or wasting ©f the above muscles in animals that have long been the subjects of chronic liminit-is, ami altered structures about the feet. The term founder is often applied to a

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

20£

[ruined state of these parts. Chronic rheumatism is more aft to localize itself ithan the acute kind, and once located it is not so easily removed although the [animal may receive benefit from the ordi-jnary means, such as warm clothing, and Stimulating embrocations, yet, when exposed to wet or cold he again relapses jinto his former condition, travelling .stiff, and lame as ever. The stiffness, and lameness if there be any, attending chronic rheumatism, disappears to a certain extent lafter a brisk trot, whereas, acute rheumatism is generally aggravated by exercise.

Chronic rheumatism may, however, appear in one spot to-day, and to-morrow imanifest itself in another, yet the affected Iparts exhibit none of the heat nor tender-iness, difficult respiration, wirey pulse, nor functional disturbance which attends the lacute stage, so that the difference between [the acute and chronic conditions of this affection is very marked.

Treatment of Chronic Rheumatism. Local Treatment, consists in the application of vapor, warm blankets and leggings, and stimulating liniments, the patient to ibe located in a warm, yet, ventilated stable.

The following is probably one of the best local applications :—

Sulphuric aether, Oil of cedar, Camphor. Proof spirit, Soft soap,

2 ounces. 1 ounce-1 ounce. 1 pint. 1 sill.

Dissolve the oil of cedar, in the sulphuric aether; then dissolve the camphor first and soap afterwards, in the proof spirit, and mix.

Apply a portion of the above to the affected parts, night and morning, so long as the case seems to require it.

Constitutional Treatment. --The constitutional remedies, are various, those entitled to our greatest confidence are

First —Medicines which act upon the cutaneous vessels.

Secondly —Medicines recognised nspure tonics, which impart tone and activity to organs without inducing subsequent prostration.

Thirdly —Medicines known as general stimulants that'excite without depression.

As an example of the above we give the following formulae :

Thayer's fluid extract of Black Cohosh,

diaphoretic, 2 ounces.

" " " gentian, pure

tonic, 2 ounces.

" '' " Jamaica gin-

ger stimulant, -. 1 ounce.

Syrup of garlic, antipasmodic, 4 ounces.

Mix.

One fourth of this mixture may be given night and morning in the form of drench-Other medicines are in high repute such, for example, as hydriadate of potassa, nitrate of potassa, phosphate of ammonia, camphor, aconite, capsicum, &c, &.c.

Those of our patrons who cannot avail themselves of the services of a regular veterinary surgeon, and having a horse laboring under the symptoms of chronic rheumatism, may, without injury to the animal, use the preceding prescriptions, if they fail to cure the subject, the case is, probably, incurable. Such will not injure the patient, and this is more than we can certify to, as regards the popular barn-yard prescriptions.

NEGRO 'ABSORPTION.

, It is frequently charged against the South that mulattoism is prevalent there to a fearful extent. Indeed, the Tribune has had the ignorance and audacity to declare that the time will probably come when all will be white. The following, from the Concord Patriot, will, however, make them scratch their heads:—

The census of 1850 shows that while more than one-fourth of the colored people of the North are mulattoes, only one-thirteenth of the slave population are mu-lattoes! Among the 3,204,313 slaves, 246,656 were mulattoes, or had more or less, white blood ; while of the 195,000 eolored people of the free states, over 56,-500 are mulattoes! In Ohio, more than half of the colored population are mulattoes, or over 14,000 out of 25,000. In Indiana, about 90 per cent are mulattoes ; in Wisconsin and Iowa, over 86 per cent; in Illinois, over 85 per cent; in Michigan 76 per cent; in N. Hampshire 54 per cent; in Maine 51 per cent; in Pennsylvania and Vermont 40 per cent; in Massachusetts 34 per cent; in Connecticut 30 per cent; in New York 19 per cent; and in N. Jersey 18 percent; while in only one slave State do the molattoes form 16 per cent of the whole number of slaves,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

I I

and in only three do they amount to 10 per cent.

Now it £eems to us that it is a disgrace to the South that they have carried out Mr. Batiks' ' absorption' theory to such an extent that one-thirteenth of their slaves have white blood in their veins, it is a still greater disgrace to the Northern people that they have applied the same theory so far that more than one quarter of the negroes among them are part white ! And we say further that those among whom this infamous amalgamation theory is so extensively applied, and who justify it as do the black .republicans in their defence and support of Mr. Banks only add to their shame by constantly talking about the sins of the Southern people in this particular.

" SWINNEY" IN HORSES.

Several of our readers have requested us to give some information in regard to what is called "swinney," or " sweeny" in horses. We have frequently seen horses affected with this so-called disease, but having no special skill in the treatment of ills which this species of flesh if heir to, we must refer to better authortiy.

We do not find that any disease or affection is known by this name in Europe. Percival, in his " Hippopathology," makes no mention of it, though, under the head of "Shoulder Lameness," he describes what might be here called " swinney." He says—" the shoulder, over and over again, has been imagined to have suffered 'wrench,' or laceration or injury of some sort, when all the time the seat of the lameness has been the foot." He admits that lameness may occur in the shoulder, or more particularly In the shoulder joint, but adds—"It must be borne in mind, however, that for one case that is in verity shoulder lameness there occur thirty that are not." Again, in his diagnosis, he says—" Strange as it may appear to persons out of the veterinary profession, it is notorious enough to those in it, that no two kinds of lameness-have so frequently been confounded as foot lameness and shoulder lameness; the best explanation we can offer of which seemingly unpardonable error in judgment, probably, is to be found in the fact of there being ' nothing to be seen' to account for the lameness either in one or the other. . . .

. . . As for ' wasting of the shoulder.' a symptom by farriers and grooms in general laid great stress on, it is at best but a remote consequence of lameness, which may be in the foot or leg, and not necessarily in the explanation of the 'wasting' being simply the loss or diminution frorrn absorbtion of the fleshv fibres of heathfu!? exercise, and of being compelled to be* laid up in a state of inactivity, or even ab-^ solute repose. Lastly, we must bear in' mind that the knee joint may the hidden and mysterious seat of lameness, and that we may be referring that to the shoulder or foot which all the while lies concealed within or about the knee."

The causes of shoulder lameness arej attributed by Percival to injury in somej form or other. He says—"We have noj notion of the production of lameness of! this description apart from some wrench, sprain, stretch, laceration, or contusion of the shoulder; hence a slip-up or false step, an over-strained gallop or leap,— anything, in fact, that may outwardly injure himself, may prove the cause of shoulder lameness."

In regard to treatment, he observes that particular attention should be paid " to the history of the case submitted for treatment, its duration, and the mode in which it occurred." Repose of the lame limb is regarded as indispensable. Fomentation' is favorably spoken of. A dose of cathartic medicine is recommended, as well as " topical blood-letting, so far as 'that can be carried into effect by drawing blood from the plat vein." The latter in severe cases is regarded as indispensable.

The foregoing comprises about all, which would be interesting to most read- j ers, to be found in the work from whichij we have quoted. In The Veterinarian for \ 1847, however, is a letter from Charles j Percival,—Veterinary Surgeon to the Royal Artillery, then stationed at Montreal,—. directed to.his brother, Wm. Percival, ed- j itor of The Veterinarian, and author of j Hippopathology. From this letter we take I the following paragraph:

"This [swinney] is a disease (if such it | be) peculiar to the imagination of Upper ; Canada, it never being heard of in the j Lower Province. It consists in a shrinking or wasting, of the muscles of the ! shoulder or shoulders. In the summer of 1845, when purchasing horses for the ar-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

205

llery, I went to look at a black colt, 'hich I understood was for sale, but I was iformed he had got the swinney. On roceeding to the house of the owner, he iformed me, as his neighbour had previ-usly done, that his horse was not in sale-ble condition, in consequence of the said Section. On entering the stable I found le colt in a miserable state from the eatment he was undergoing, having had hole bored into thi upper part of each moulder, with a hot iron, into which hole ad been inserted a piece of bacon ; in ddition to which the shoulder and arm r ere covered with grease of some kind, nd altogether in such a filthy state that it as impossible to touch him. As far, Dwever, as I could then judge of him, le horse was lame in the feet."

Virginia State Agricultural Society.

LIST OF

PREMIUMS AND REGULATIONS

FOE THE

FOURTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION,

TO BE HELD AT

RICHMOND,

OX THE

3th, 29th, 30th and 31st of October, '56.

PREMIUMS.

BRANCH I.

Premiums of First Grade of Experiments.

I to 5. For each of five best series of iperiments, each series to include not 58 than eight' different matters of trial, >servation, measurement or correct esti-ate or comparison of results, and each ries to cover not less than four acres of nd—on any important and doubtful ■ or sputed question or questions of practi-.1 agriculture; and which experiments,

• their proper direction, variety, accur'a-■ of performance, and the careful and

II reports of procedure and results ereof, shall serve to furnish valuable ir> ruction for practice on the several sub-:-ts investigated; for each series, whether i the same or on different subjects, a prelum of $100

Second Grade.

6 to 15. For each of ten other next at series or single experiments, of simi-r character and merit with the above de-

scribed, but falling short of the full requisitions for the foregoing, a premium of 25

Third Grade.

16 to 35. For each of twenty other accurate and instructive experiments or series, on one general subject, of merit and useful value, a premium of 10

Remarks and Special Rules for Branch I.

The superiority of merit or value of any two series of experiments, claiming the same or like premiums, will be decided in reference to the nearest approximation to the following conditions :

1st. The comparative extent and completeness of the processes of experiment, and the apparent accuracy of the precedure.

2nd. The clearness of the report.

3rd. The utility of the information so conveyed.

Exact measurements, of results always will add much value to reports of experiments, and should not be omitted whenever the case may require such exactness. But in many other cases, estimates of comparative results, or products, by the eye, may serve, if sufficient for the case and for reaching correct conclusions.

JUDGES.

Edmund Ruffin, Jr-., Prince George ; * ' Dr. Jno. B. Harvie, Powhatan; Dr. Cart C. Cock, Fluvanna; James B. Jones, Chesterfield ; Jeremiah Morton, Culpeper.

BRANCH II.

First Grade of Premiums for Written Communications.

36 to 40. For each of the five best essays or written communications, whether on the same or on different subjects of practical agriculture, or on scientific agriculture, strictly and usefully applicable to practice, of high order of merit and utility for instructions—and conforming to the requisitions of the general rules on this subject, a premium of . $50

Second Grade.

41 to 50. For each of ten of other and next best essays or written communications as above described, but which may fall short of the requisitions for the higher offers, a premium of $20

Ihird Grade.

51 to 70. For each of other twenty next best instructive written communications of new facts in agriculture, a premium of $10

71. For the best treatise on gardening,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

suited to the climate of Virginia, to be not less than one hundred pages, . . $25

72. Best treatise on the culture and management of Brown Corn, . . $10 Remarks on, and Special Rules for, Branch II.

ESSAYS AND OTHER WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.'

Essays and other written articles on practical subjects, must be founded mainly, and.on scientific subjects, at least partly, on the writer's practical experience and personal observation or investigation; though portions of each may rest on other authorities, to be stated particularly or generally, as required by the case.

The award of superiority to any one writing over others on the same subject, will be made in reference to its probable greater utility to agricultural improvement or profit, , as . well as to the ability with which the subject is treated.

In matter designed to instruct or to guide practical labors, clearness and fullness of details will be deemed a high claim to merit—and next conciseness. Nothing necessary for instruction should be omitted, and nothing included that can be omitted without injury to the value of the instruction.

Written Communications to the Executive Committee may be sent in at any time—the earlier, the better—as they will at once be referred to the Committee on Essays, who will thus be , enabled to scrutinize, and the more correctly to estimate by comparison, the relative merits of the different Essays submitted for their examination.

It is required that all written communications to the Society, received at any previous time and published by the order of Executive Committee, and which have not been duly considered, and denied premiums by the judges, shall be still held and considered as claiming, and in competition with any more recent writings for premiums offered, and for which any such writings may be suitable, and further, even the previously published writings, which had' been duly considered by the judges at the preceding Fair, and to which premiums were denied, shall still be held under review and consideration, by the judges for the next year's premiums, not to again be placed in competition, but for the purpose of being compared as to degrees of merit with the later writings then under consideration and adjudication for premiums.

When a premium has been awarded at a previous time to an essay, any other and later essay, or written communication on that subject, to obtain a premium, must be either deemed to have important additional value compared to the former one so honored, or otherwise be very different in matter, or manner of treatment, as well as of a sufficiently high order of merit.

All written communications to which may be awarded premiums, will be published in the Transactions of the Society. And .any others offered to compete for premiums, and not obtaining that honor, will be published in like

manner, if deemed worthy by the Executive Committee.

JUDGES. Dr. Henry Curtis, Hanover; Franklin Minor, Albemarle; Wm. M. Harrison, Amelia; J. Ravenscroft Jones, Brunswick ; Robert T. Hubard, Buokingham.

BRANCH III.

BEST ENTIRE CROPS OF DIFFERENT FARMS.

For the best product averaged in the acre, of each of the following crops, raised in 1855, or 1856, on a bona fide farm, and for an entire crop, of the farm, according to its usual or designed rotation, the annexed premiums :

73. Best average product of Indian corn, $50 00

74. Best average product of wheat, 50 00

75. Best average product of clover, 30 00

76. Best average product of tobacco, 30 00

77. Best average product of oats, 30 00

78. Best average product of peas, (Southern or corn-field, either among corn or separate,) in grain or in green manure, comparing

each to each of like kind, 30 00

79. Best average product of rye, 30 00

80. Best average product of barley, 30 00

81. Best average product of timothy, herds-grass, or other hay of'artificial grass or clover, 30 00

And for entire crops, though not occupying, an entire shift of the farm, or making one full member of the regular or designed rotation, but yet being a subject of large culture on a bona fide farm, a premium of $20 for the largest average production of all the following. crops:

82. Corn, not less than 75 bushels to the* acre, on low ground, and 60 bushels on high land.

83. Wheat, not less than 30 bushels to the |

acre.

84. Clover, not less than 2 tons of hay to the acre.

85. Tobaceo, not less than 1000 pounds.

86. Oats.

87. Rye.

88. Barley.

89. Southern peas, (as above stated).

90. Cotton.

91. Sweet potatoes.

92. Irish potatoes.

93. Turnips'.

94. Pumpkins.

95. Buckwheat.

96. Hemp. 07. Flax.

Remarks on and Special Rules for Branch HI. '

No crop will be deemed a subject of large

THE SOUTHE'RN PLANTER.

207

culture, or as having any claim for one of the latter stated premiums, unless it occupies at least one-fifteith part of all the arable land of a bona fide farm, whether large or small—and farther, that it shall appear to the judges from the extent of culture or otherwise, that such crop was cultivated for its expected farming profit, and not especially aided by greater expenses incurred merely to obtain a premium.

Crops, and other agricultural or horticultural products, must be the growth of the persons for whom, respectively, premiums may be claimed.

Crops of corn, tobacco, or any others of which the amounts cannot be usually ascertained in the year o£ their growth, or before the time for awarding premiums, are proper subjects for premiums, if of the growth of the year previous to the awards being made.

Crops offered as largest products, must have had their amounts fixed with sufficient accuracy—and for the whole, if of grain, tobacco, or other market crops. But grass, roots, or other provender products, designed mainly for home consumption, and not suitable for being wholly measured or weighed, may be estimated by the accurate measurement or weighing of the product of one or more average acres, or of a known proportion of the whole product.

The testimony required will be the best that the'nature of the case may admit, and such as will be satisfactory to the judges.

JUDGES.

Chas. P. Moncure, Culpeper. Philip. B. Jones, Orange. Dr. Wm. G. Carr, Albemarle. J. J. Hite, Clarke. Edmund Hill, King & Queen.

BRANCH IV.

DORSES.

Thorough Bred.—1st Class.

8C§=. Awards to be made without regard to performance on the turf, and the Judges are required to reject any animal competing in this division, with-which there is not furnished a complete pedigree, shewing the purity of blood on the side of both dam and sire.

98. For the best thorough bred stallion, §40 00

99. For the second best thorough bred stallion, 20 00

100. For the third best thorough bred stallion, Certificate of Merit.

101. For the best thorough bred mare, §20 00

102. For the second best thorough bred mare, 10 00

10i For the third best thorough bred mare, Certificate of Merit.

104. For the best entire colt foaled since January, 1853, §10 00

105. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1854, 10 00

106. For the best entire colt foaled since January, 1855, 7 50

107. For the best filly foaled since

1st January, 1853, 10 00

108. For the best filly foaled since since 1st January, 1854, 10 00

109. For the best filly foaled since

1st January, 1855, 7 50

110. For the best foal dropped since

1st January, 1856. 5 00

JUDGES. William W. Crump, Richmond. Wm. Townes, Mecklenburg, George Booker, Hampton. Gen. E. P. Scott, Greensville. John Marshall, Charlotte.

The Horse of General Utility. — 2nd Class.

111. For the best stallion for useful

and elegant purposes combined, §40 00

112. For the second best stallion for useful and elegant purposes combined", 20 00

113. For the third best stallion for useful and elegant purposes combined,

Certificate of Merit. 114 .For the best brood mare for useful and elegant purposes combined, §20 00

115. For the second best brood mare

for useful and elegant purposes combined, 10 00

116. For the third best brood mare for useful and elegant purposes combined,

Certificate of Merit.

117. For the best entire colt folded since January 1853, 10 00

118...For Jthe best entire colt folded since 1st January, 1854, 10 00

119. For the best entire colt folded

since 1st January, 1855, 7 50

120. For the best filly foaled since

1st January, 1853, 10 00

121. For the best filly foaled since lstj January, 1854, "10 00

122. For the best filly foaled since 1st January, 1855, , 7 50

123. For the best foal dropped since

1st January, 1856, 5 00

JUDGES.

Thomas Branch, Petersburg, Samuel B. Finley, Augusta, R. W. Saunders, Wythe. John A. Carter, Loudoun. Wm. D. Mansfield, Louisa,

Quick Draught Horses. — Zrd Class.

124. For the best stallion for quick draught, §40 00

125. For the second best stallion for quick draught, 20 00

'

208

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

126. For the third quick draught,

best stallion for Certificate of Merit.

127. For the best brood mare for quick

00

10 00

10 00

7 50

10 00

10 00

7 50

5 00

25 00

10 00

15 00

10 00

draught, 20

128. For the second best brood mare

for quick draught, 10 00

129. For the third best brood mare for quick draught, Certificate oe Merit.

130. For the best entire colt folded since 1st January, 1853,

131. For the best entire colt fooled since January, 1854,

132. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1855,

133. For the best filly foaled since 1st January, 1853,

134. For the b'est filly foaled since 1st January, 1854,

135. For the best filly foaled since 1st January, 1855.

136. For the best foal dropped since 1st January, 1856,

137. For the best pair of matched horses for quick draught,

138. For the second best pair of matched horses for quick draught,

139. For the best single harness horse, mare or gelding,

140. For the second 'best single harness horse, mare or gelding,

JUDGES.

D. W. Haxall, Charles City, R'd N. Thweatt, Chesterfield, William H. Clarke, Halifax. James Bumgardner, Augusta. Wm. T. H. Pollard, Hanover.

Heavy Draught Horses. — 4th Class

141. For the best stallion for heavy draught, $40 00

142. For the second best stallion for heavy draught, 20 00

143.. For the third best stallion for heavy draught, Certificate of Merit.

144. For the best brood mare for heavy draught, 20 00

145. For the second -best brood mare

for heavy draught, 10 00

146. For the third best brood mare for heavy draught. Certificate of Merit.

_ 147. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1853, 10 00

148. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1854, 10 00

149. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1855, 7 50

150. For the best filly foaled since 1st January, 1853, 1q qo

151. For the best filly foaled since 1st

Ja ? R u o ar; fe 18 ^ 4 ' 10 00

152. For the best filly foaled since 1st

7 50

5 00 20 00 30 00

January, 1855,

153. For the best foal droppel since 1st January, 1856,

154. For the best pair of heavy draught horses,

155. For the best team of heavy draught horses not less than four,

[To be tested on the fair grounds according to such plan as may be prescribed by the Judges.]

JUDGES.

Beverly Randolph, Clark,. John F. Lewis, Rockingham. Jas. P. Edmundson, Montgomery. J. S. Calvert, Shenandoah. Andrew Kuyser, Page. #

Saddle Horses. — 5th Class.

156. For the best stallion for the saddle $40 00

157. For the second best stallion for

the saddle, 20 00

158. For the third best stallion, for the saddle, Certificate of Merit.

159. For the best brood mare for. the saddle, 20 00

160 For the second best brood mare for the saddle, 10 00

161. For the third best brood mare for

the saddle, Certificate of Merit.

162. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1853.

_ 163. For the best 'entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1854,

_ 164. For the best entire colt foaled since 1st January, 1855,

165. For the best filly foaled since 1st January 1853,

166. For the best filly foaded since 1st January, 1854,

167. For the best filly foaled since 1st January, 1855,

168. For the best foal dropped since 1st January, 1856,

169. For the best saddle horse, mare or gelding,

170. For the second best saddle horse or gelding,

^©"-No Premium to be given in any oTthe foregoing classes to an animal that is unsound.

JUDGES. R. W. N. Noland, Albemarle. Dr. Thomas Creigh, Greenbrier. Robert Carter, Fauquier. Dr. Wm. H. Macon, New Kent. ■ Wm. P. Nottingham, Northampton.

MULES AND JACKS.— 6th ClaSS.

171. For the best jack,

172. For the second best jack,

173. For the best jennet,

174. For the second best jennet.

10 00

10 00

7 50

10 00

10 00

7 50

5 00

20 00

10 00

$40 00 20 00 20 00 10 00

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

203

175. For the best pair of mules, to be owned and worked 1 year preceding their exhibition, 15 00

176. For the best team of mules, 4 or more, to be owned and worked 1 year preceding their exhibition, 25 00

177. For the best mule colt 3 years old, foaled in Virginia, 10 00

178. For the best mule colt 2 years old, foaled in Virginia, 10 00

179. For the best mule colt 1 year old, foaled in Virginia, 7 50

180. For the best mule colt, a suckling, folded in Virginia. 5 00

JUDGES. George Waddell, Charles City. N. M. Lee, Richmond, P. P. Batte, Prince George, Edmuxd T. Morris, Caroline. Dandridge Ball, Henrico.

Short Horns or Durhams and Herefords, three years old and upwards. — 1st Class

181. For the best bull, §30 00

182. For the second best bull, 15 00

183. For the third best bull,

Certificate of Merit.

184. For the best cow, 30 00

185. For the second best cow, 15 00

186. For the third best cow,

Certificate of Merit.

Short Horns or Durhams and Herefords, under three years old.

187. For the best bull between two and three years old, $15 00

188. For the 2nd best bull between two

and three years old, 8 00

189- For the third best bull between two and three years old, Certificate of Merit.

190. For the best bull between one and

two years old, 15 00

191. For the second best bull between

one and two years old, 8 00

192. For the best heifer between two

and three years old, 15 00

193. For the second best heifer between

two and three years old, 8 00

194. For the best heifer between one

and two years old. 15 00

195. For the second best heifer between one and two years old, 8 00

For the best imported Short Horns same premiums as the above.

JUDGES. David McGavock, Pulaski. Stephen- McGavock, Wythe, Wm. Seymour, Hardy. Robert L. Wright, Loudoun. Thomas F. Nelsox, Clarke,

Devons and Alderneys, over three years old 2nd Class.

196. For the best bull three years old

and upwards, $30 00

197. For the second best bull thi-ee years old and upwards, 15 00

198. For the third best bull three years

old and upwards, Certificate of Merit.

199. For the best cow three years old

and upwards, 30 00

200. For the second best cow three years old and upwards, 15 00

201. For the third best cow three years

old and upwards, Certificate of Merit.'

202. For the best bull between two and three years old, $15 00

203. For the second best bull between

two and three years old, 8 00

204. For the third best bull between

two and three years old, Certificate of Merit.

205. For the best bull between one and

two years old, 15 00

206. For the second best bull between

one and two years old, 8 00

207. For the best heifer between two

and three years old, 15 00

208. For the second best heifer between two and three years old, 8 00

209. For the best heifer between one

and two years old, 15 00

210. For the second best heifer between one and two years old, 8 00

211. For the best Imported Devons, same premium as the above.

JUDGES. Wm. Allen, Surry. Dr. R. H. Stuart, King George. S. C. Stuart, Fairfax. Wm. Turnbull, Dinwiddie. Johw Wickham, Henrico.

Ayrshires and H/lsteins, over three years old. 3rd. Class. I

212. For the best bull three years old

and upwards, $30 00

213. For the 2nd best bull three years

old and upwards, 15 00

214. For the 3rd best bull three years

old and upwards, Certificate of Merit.

215. For the best cow three years old

and upwards, 30 00

216. For the 2nd best cow three years

old and upwards, 15 00

217. For the 3rd best cow three years

old and upwards, Certificate of Merit.

218. For the best bull between two and three years old, $15 00

219. For the 2nd best bull between

two and three years old, 8 00

220. For the 3rd best bull between

two and three years old, 5 00

221. For the best heifer between two

and three years old, 15 00

222. For the 2nd best heifer between

two and three years old, Certif. of Merit-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

223. For the best bull between one and

two years old, 15 00

224. For the 2nd best bull between one

and two years old, 8 00

225. For the best heifer between one

and two years old, 15 00

226. For the 2nd best heifer between

one and two years old, 8 00

For the best imported Ayrshires the same premiums as the above.

JUDGES. John A. Washington, Fairfax. A. Stevenson, Albemarle. Dr. P. B. Pendleton, Louisa. Thomas L. Farish, Albemarle. Chas. H. Rhodes, Chesterfield.

Natives or G/rades. — Fourth Class.

227. For the best bull three years old

and upwards, $15 00

228. For the 2nd best bull three years

old and upwards, 10 00

229. For the 3rd best bull three years

old and upwards. Certificate of Merit

230. For the best bull between two and three years old, 10 00

231. For the 2nd best bull between two

and three years old, 5 00

232. For the 3rd best bull between two

and three years old, Certificate of Merit

233. For the best bull between one and

two years old, 10 00

234. For the 2nd best bull between one

and two years old, 5 00

235. For the best cow three years old

and upwards, 30 00

236. For the 2nd best cow three years

old and upwards, 15 00

237. For the 3rd best cow three years old and upwards, Certificate of Merit

238. For the best heifer between two and three years old, 10 00

239. For the 2nd best heifer between

two and three years old, 5 00

240. For the 3rd best heifer between

two and three years old, Certificate of Merit

241. For the best heifer between one

and two years old, 10 00

242. For the 2nd best heifer between

one and two years old, 5 00

This class includes native stock or crosses of any of the foregoing breeds with the native stock or with each other.

JUDGES. George Hocker, Buchfhgham. Col. S. B. Gatewood, Bath. Daniel Ammen, Botetourt. Dr. Thos. J. Wooldridge, Hanover. Dr. Thos. P. Mitchell, Bedford.

dairy cows. 5 th Class. 243. For the best cow for the dairy,

$30 00

244. For the second best cow for the dairy, 15 00

JUDGES. Wm. B. Sydner, Hanover. Jas. W. Binford, Henrico. "Wm. H. Brandek, Chesterfield. J. R. Gates, Powhatan. John G. Jefferson, Amelia.

Working Oxen. — Gth Class.

245. For the best yoke of trained oxen

over four years old, $30 00

246. For the second best yoke of oxen

over four years old, 15 00

247. For the best yoke of oxen under

four years old, 30 00

248. For the second best yoke of oxen under four years old, 15 00

The oxen to be tested according to rules to be prescribed by the Committee of Award.

JUDGES.

Gen. Wm. Ligon, Powhatan. Lawrence H. Taliaferro, Culpeper. James Walker, Jr., Madison. James R. Fleet, King & Queen. Wm. D. Blanton, Cumberland.

fat stock. 1th Class.

249. For the best pair aged fat steers, $40 00

250. For the second best pair of aged

fat steers, 25 00

251. For the best pair of fat steers under four years old, 40 00

252. For the second best pair fat steers under four years old, 25 00

253. For the best fat cow over four years old, 20 00

254. For the second best fat cow over

four years old, 10 00

255. For the best fat heifer under four years old, 20 00

256. For the second best fat heifer under four years old, 10 00

257. For the best single fat steer, 15 00

258. For the second best single fat steer, 10 00

[The owner will be required to state the mode of fattening in all cases.]

8th Class.

259. For the best pen of fat sheep, 4

or more, 15 00

260. For the best pen of fat hogs 5 or more, 10 00

261. For the best slaughtered mutton

of fine w r ools, 5 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

iii

262. For the best slaughtered mutton of middle wools, 5 00

263. For the best slaughtered mutton

of long wools, 5 00

JUDGES.

A. S. Matthews, Wythe.

Wm. M, Rogers, Loudoun.

Samuel Brierly, Jefferson.

Robert J. Glexdy, Augusta.

Cen. Gilbert L. Meem, Shenandoah.

Robert M. Kyle, Rockingham.

SHEEP.

FINE WOOLS.

Saxons. — 1st Class.

264. For the best buck, $20 00

265. For the second best buck, 10 00

266. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

267. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

268. For the second best pen of ewes, three in number, 10 00

269. For the third best pen of ewes, three in number, Certificate of Merit

270. For the best pen of ewe lambs 4 in number, 10 00

271. For the best pen of ram lambs, 4 in number, 10 00

Saxon Grades. — 2nd Class.

272. For the best buck, $10 00

273. For the second best buck, 5 00

274. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

275. For the besfrpen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

276. For the second best pen of ewes, three in number, 10 00

277. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

278. For the best, pen of ewe lambs,

four in number, 10 00

279. For the best pen of ram lambs, 4

287. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4 in number, 10 00

Merino Grades. — it7i Class.

$10 00 5 00

in number,

5 00

Merinos —3rd! Class.

280. For the best buck, • $20 00

281. For the second best buck, 10 00

282. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

283. For the best pen of ewes, 3 in number, 20 00

284. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

285. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

286. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

288. For the best buck,

289. For the second best buck,

290. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

291. For the best pen of ewes, 3 in number, 20 00

292. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

293. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

294. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

295. For the best pen of buck lambs,

4 in number, 5 00

Gi-ades are crosses of the above breeds on native stock. For crosses of pure breeds, one with another, see Cross Breeds.

JUDGES.

S. F. Christian, Augusta.

H. N. Dox, Amherst.

W. P. Brady, Ohio.

Dr. Wm. L. Wight, Goochland.

James F. Jones, Fauquier.

middle wools; South Downs. — 5th Class.

296. For the best buck, $20 00

297. For the second best buck, 10 00

298. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

299. For the best pen of ewes, three

in number, 20 00

300. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

301. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

302. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

303. For the best pen of buck lambs,

4 in number, 10 00

South Down Grades. — 6th Class.

304. For the best buck, $10 00

305. For the second best buck, 5 00

306. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

307. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

308. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

309. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

310. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in member, 10 00

311. For the best pen of buck lambs,

4 in number, & 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

Oxford Downs. — 1th Class.

' I

$20 00 10 00

312. For the best buck,

313. For the second best buck,

314. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

315. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

316. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, ' 10 00

317. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

318. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

319. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

Oxford Down Grades — 8th Class.

320. For the best buck, $10 00

321. For the second best buck, 5 00

322. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

323. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

324. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

325. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

326. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, . 10 00

327. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4

in number, 5 00

[Dorset, Cheviot, Hampshire, and Shropshire Downs, (9th Class,) same premiums as Oxford Downs. Grades, (10th Class,) being crosses of these breeds upon native stock, same premiums as other Grades.]

JUDGES. Col. J3. Fontaine, Richmond. Richard H. Timberlake, Warren. Wm. Old, Sr„ Powhatan. P. N. Meade, Clarke. George Willis, Orange,

JvONG WOOLS.

9th Class.

328. For the best buck, $20 00

329. For the second best buck, 10 00

330. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

331. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

332. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

333. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

334. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

335. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

[The long wooled breed includes Bakewell or

Leicester, Cotswold or New Oxfordshire, and Lincoln.]

Long tvool Grades-— 10th Class.

336. For the best buck, $10 00

337. For the second best buck, 5 00

338. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

339. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

340. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

341. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

342. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4

in number, " f> 00

343. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

[This class of Grades comprises any of the crosses of the above .long wools on native stock.]

Cross Breeds. — 11th Class.

&20 00 10 00

344. For the best buck,

345. For the second best buck,

346. For the third best buck,

Certificate of Merit

347. For the best pen of ewes, three in number, 20 00

348. For the second best pen of ewes,

3 in number, 10 00

349. For the third best pen of ewes, 3

in number, Certificate of Merit

350. For the best pen of ewe lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

351. For the best pen of buck lambs, 4

in number, 10 00

[This class of sheep are crosses of the pure and established breeds.]

JUDGES. Dr. R. C. Mason, Fairfax, E. F. Eggleston, Amelia. Robert Beverly, Fauquier. Dr. John R. Woods, Albemarle. Nath'l Burwell, Clarke.

foreign sheep.

12th Class.

352.. For the best imported saxon buck, $20 06

353. For the second best imported saxon buck, 10 00

354. For the best imported saxon

ewe, 20 00

355. For the second best imported saxon ewe, 10 00

356. For the best imported merino buck, 20 00

357. For the second best imported merino buck, 10 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

358. For the best imported merino

ewe, 20 00

359. For the second best imported merino ewe, ■ 10 00

360. For the best imported south down buck, 20 00

361. For the second best imported south down buck, 10 00 . 362. For the best imported south down

ewe, 20 00

363. For the second best imported south down ewe, 10 00

364. For the best imported Oxford down buck, 20 00

365. For the second best imported Oxford down buck, 10 00

366. For the best imported Oxford down ewe, 20 00

367. For the second best imported Oxford down ewe, 10 00

368. For the best imported Bakewell or Leicester buck, 20 00

369. For the second best imported Bakewell or Leicester buck, 10 00

370. For the best imported Bakewell

or Leicester ewe, 20 00

371. For the second best imported Bakewell or Leicester ewe, 10 00

372. For the best imported Cotswold or

New Oxfordshire buck, 20 00

373. For the second best imported Cotswold or New Oxfordshire buck, 10 00

374. For the best imported Cotswold or

New Oxfordshire ewe, 20 00

375. For the second best imported Cotswold or New Oxfordshire ewe, 10 00

[No animal can obtain a premium in this class which has been entered or exhibited in any of the foregoing classes.]

B@= The Judges of award on fine wools, will also adjudge the premiums on imported Saxon and Merinos. The Judges on middle wools, the premiums on imported South Downs and Oxfords, and the Judges on long wools, the premiums on imported Bakewells and Cotswolds.

Cashmere Goats. — lZth.Class.

376. For the best pair Cashmere Goats, male and female, 10 00

377 For the best pair, cross of Cashmere with native goat, Certificate of Merit. The same Judges as in fine wool sheep, viz: S. H. Christi >n, H. N. Dox, W. P. Brady, Dr. "VV. L. Wight, James F. Jones.

SWINE.

Large Breed'.

378. For the best boar over two years old, $20 00

8 00

10 00

5 00

00

379. For second best boar over two years old,

380. For the best boar one year old,

381. For the second best boar one year old,

382. For the best breeding sow over two years old,

383. For the second best breeding sow over two years old,

384. For the best sow not less than six months and under eighteen months old,

385. For the second best sow not less than six months and under eighteen months old,

386. For the best lot of pigs, not less than 5 in number, nor less than two and under five months old,

387. For the |econd best lot of pigs, not less than five in number, nor less than two and under five months old,

Tho large breed includes Chester, Russia, Bedford, Woburn, Grazier, Duchess County, and their grades.

Small Breed.

388. For the best boar over two years

old, $15 00

389. For second best boar over two years old,

390. For the best boar over one year old,

391. For the second best boar over one year old,

392. For the best breeding sow over two years old,

393. For the second best breeding sow over two years old,

394. For the best sow, not less than six months nor more than eighteen months old,

395. For second best sow, not less than six months nor more than eighteen months old,

396. For the best lot of pigs, not less than 5 in number, nor less than two and under five months old,

397. For the second best lot of pigs, not less than 4 in number, nor less than two and under five months old,

The small breed includes Neapolitan, Suffolk, Sussex, Essex, Berkshire, Chinese, and their grades.

JUDGES.

Col. E. H. Herbert, Princess Ann. WmaMassie, Nelson. Dr. Thomas J. Pretlow, Southampton. John T. Hopkins, King & Queen, John S. Heatwole, Rockingham,

15 00

00

15 00

8 00

15 00

00

10 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

Additional Premiums to Premium Animals.

398. For the best bull of three years v old or more of any breed on exhibition,

399. For the best cow of any breed on exhibition,

400. For the best stallion of any breed on exhibition,

401. For the best brood mare of any ( breed on exhibition,

402. For the best buck of any breed on exhibition,

403. For the best ewe of any breed on ' exhibition,

404. For the best boar of any breed on exhibition,

405. For the best breeding sow of any breed on exhibition,

JUDGES."

Wm. H. E. Merritt, Brunswick, John A. Preston, Abingdon, John T. Satres, Wythe, Jas. M. Crockett, Pulaski, Wm. Mason, Winchester.

00

00 00

U0

40G. For

407. For

408. For

409. For

410. For

411. For

412. For

413. For

414. For

415. For

416. For

417. For

418. For burg,

419. For

420. For

421. For

422. For

423. For

424. For

425. For

426. For

427. For

428. For tarns,

429. For

430. For

431. For

432. For other breed

433. For

434. For

435. For

Chickens. — 1st Class. the best pair white Shanghais, $2 00

" 00 00 00 00

(Ml

00

the best pair Cochin China,

the best pair red Shanghais,

the best pair yellow do<

the best pair imperial China,

the best pair white Dorkings,

the best pair red Chittagong,

the best pair gray Chittagong, 2 00

the best pair black Poland,

the best pair white Poland,

the best pair silver Pheasants,

the best pair golden Pheasants,

the best pair spangled Ham-

the best pair white or red game, the best pair Bramah Pootra, the best pair Virginia game, the best pair black Spanish, the best pair Indian Mountain, the best pair wild Indian game, the best pair Sumatra game, the best pair Ostrich game, the best pair Bolton grays, the best pair sea bright Ban-

the best pair Java Bantams, the best pair Great Malay, the best pair Jersey Blues, the best pair each of any

2 00

2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00

2 00

10 00

00 00

on 00

00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

00 00 00 00

00

Turkeys — 2nd Class. the best pair common Turkeys, $2 00 the best pair wild Turkeys- 2 00 the best pair crested Turke'ys, 2 00

Geese —3rd! Class.

430. For the best pair common Geese,

00

437. For the best pair wild Geese,

438. For the best pair China Geesg,

439. For the best pair Bremen Geese,

440. For the best pair Poland Geese,

441. For the best pair African Swan Geese,

Ducks — ith Class.

442. For the best pair white Poland Ducks,

443. For the best pair Muscovy Ducks,

444. For the best pair Alesbury Ducks,

445. For the best pair common Ducks,

446. For the best pair summer wild Ducks,

447. For the greatest variety of Poultry by one exhibitor.

JUDGES. B. L. Winston, Richmond, Peter T. Johnson, Orange, Dr. E. Powell, Richmond, Richard Powell, Goochland. Wm. M. Bagley, Lunenburg.

BRANCH V.

agricultural implements.

Class I.

Plows, Cultivators, &c.

448. For the best single plow,

449. For the best shovel plow,

450. For the best sub soil plow,

451. For the best new ground plow,

452. For the best hill side plow,

453. For the best cultivator for corn,

454. For the best cultivator for tobacco,

455. For the best cultivator for 2 horses,

456. For the best harrow,

457. For the best swingle bars of novel construction and superior value to those in common use,

JUDGES. Thos B. Meaux, Amelia. Francis Nelson, New Kent. Dr. C. W. Wormlt, King William. Wm. Patrick, Augusta.

Class II. Drills and Broadcasters.

458. For the best broadcasting or drill-ins: machine for sowing grain and grass-seed, $20 00

459. For the best wheat drill, 20 00

460. For the best broadcasting machine for sowing guano,

461. For the best lime spreader,

462. For the best corn planter,

463. For the best seed drill,

464. For the best attachment to drill for drilling guano,

00 00 00 00 00 00

5 00

00 00

3 00

20 00

20 00

10 00

3 00

15 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

215

465. For the best implement for sowing peas among corn, at or immediately following the last tillage, and either with or without guano,

JUDGES.

Francis K. Nelson, Albemarle. J. Watt Bell, Augusta. Col. Samuel Tibbs, Fauquier. John L. Grates, Orange. David A. Claiborne, Halifax.

Class III.

15 00

466. use, 467. 468. 469.

Wagons, Carts, Harness, &c. For the best wagon for farm

For the best dumping wagon, For the best horse cart, For the best Ox cart with body for hauling corn in the shucks,

470. For the best wagon body for hauling wheat in the sheaf, or hay, or straw,

471. For the best Ox cart body for hauling wheat in the sheaf, or hay, or straw,

For the best set of wagon har-

$10 00 20 00 8 00

10 00

5 00

For the best harness for horse

5 00 5 00

472. ness,

473. cart,

474. For the best Ox yoke,

JUDGES? Isaac T. Hite, Frederick. Thos. J. Blake, Henrico. Wm. Bosher, King William. Edward W. Saunders, Franklin. S. B. Gibbons, Page.

Class IV. Rollers, Clod Crushers, and Farm Gate.

475. For the best smooth roller, $10 00

476. For the best pegged roller, 20 00

477. For the best clod crusher, 20 00

478. For the best farm gate, 10 00

JUDGES. Dr. Thos. P. Harrison, Charles City. H. Carrington Watkins, Chesterfield. Dr. Wm. A. Selden, Charles City. T. Pollock Burgwynn, North Carolina. Dr. Ja3. E. Williams, Henrico.

Class V.

Horse Powers, Threshers and Separators. 470. For the best sweep horse power, $25 00

480. For the second best sweep horse po,wer, 481- For the best threshing machine, 482. For the best machine for threshing, cleansing and separating wheat at one operation,

10 00

20 00

30 00

5 00

483. For the best separator or straw carrier,

JUDGES. Ambrose Ford, Cumberland. R. W. Baylor, Jefferson. Warner Lewis, Essex. Thos. Jones, Jr., Richmond Co. Jacob Baylor, Augusta.

Class VI.

Straw and Root Cutters, Cornshellers and Mills.

484. For the best hay or straw cutter,

for horse-power, $10 00

485. For the best hay or straw cutter,

for hand power, 5 00

486. For the best horse power cutter, for cutting corn stalks for fodder,

487. For the best cornsheller, for horse power,

488. For the best cornsheller for hand

power,

489. For the best grist mill, for horse power,

490. For the best hominy mill,

491. For the best saw-will, for farm

15 00

10 00

5 00

use. 492. 493.

10 00 5 00

10 00

10 00

2 50

For the best corn and cob crusher, For the best root cutter, JUDGES.

Miles C. Selden, Powhatan.

Thos. Y. Tabb, Amelia.

J. Roy Baylor, Caroline.

Wm. Leach, Buckingham.

Armestead Rust, Loudoun.

Class VII.

Fan Mill, Hay Press, Ditching Machine, <&c.

494. For the best fanning mill, $10 00

495. For the best hay-press, 15 00

496. For the best stump-machine, 15 00

497. For the best ditching-machine, 15 00

498. For the best rotary digger, 15 00

499. For the best steel spade fork, 5 00

JUDGES. Dr. John R. Garnett, Henrico. Upton Herbert, Fairfax. Corbin Warwick, Richmond. Rr. R. Wood, Goochland. L. McDowell Reid, Lexington.

Class VIII.

Trial of Ploughs.

500. For the best two-horse plough for sandy land, as shown by work actually performed and the test of the dynamometer, 20 00

501. For the best two-horse plough for clay land, as shown by work actually performed and the test of the dynamometer. 20 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

502. For the best three or four-horse plough for sandy land, as shown by work actually performed and the test of the dynamometer, 20 00

503. For the best three of four-horse plough for clay land as shown by work actually performed and the test of the 20 00 dynamometer,

There shall be three trials of ploughs, one for the tide-water, one for the Piedmont and one for the trans-mountain section of the State, at such times and places as shall be agreed upon by the committees for the respective districts, who shall award the above prizes to the successful competitors, provided they deem the implement deserving of that distinction.

The attention of the committees is invited to the following scale of points to which they will have reference in comparing the different ploughs offered for trial, and in making up their reports to the Executive Committee.

Scale op Points for Ploughs.

1. Economy of Pewer, or the least resistance to draught according to depth

and width of farrow. 20

2. Facility in changing the set, so as to give more or less land, or greater or less depth, without disturbing the proportionate width of furrow and without alteration of harness, 10

3. Steadiness of action, with as little labor to the ploughman as comports with the proper control and guidance of the Plough, 10

4. Adjustment of all the parts in harmonious relation to each other, so that each shall duly perform its appropriate function. 15

5. Effectiveness of operation, cutting a furrow the width of which shall bear a due proportion to the depth thereof, and also cutting the furrow slice of uniform thickness and lifting and turning it at the proper angle with the least degree of friction, 25

6. Strength, durability and simplicity

of construction, 10

7. Price and facility and economy of repairs. 10

100 JUDGES FOR TIDE-WATER. Wm. B. Harrison, Brandon, John A. Selden, Charles City, Robert M. Taylor, Henrico, Julien C. Ruffin. Prince George, Dr. Wm. F. Gaines, Hanover.

JUDGES FOR PIEDMONT. Richard II. Carter, Fauquier, Robert L. Wright, Loudoun, R. W. N. Noland, Albemarle, Jeremiah Morton, Culpeper. Wm. Benton, Loudoun,

JUDGES FOR TRANS-MOUNTAIN. John A. Herring, Rockingham, John McCue, Augusta, James L. Ranson, Rockbridge, David S. Read, Roanoke, Thomas N. Burvvell, Botetourt.

Class IX.

Miscellaneous.

504. For the best water-ram in operation, $10 00

505. For the best scoop or scraper, 4 00

506. For the best leveling instrument, suitable for draining operations, 10 00

507. For the best stove or furnace for heating rooms, 10 00

508. For the best churn, 4 00

509. For the best apple-peeler, 1 00

510. For the best meat cutter, 2 00

511. For the best washing machine, 2 00

512. For the best sewing machine, 10 00

513. For the best machine for shearing sheep. 15 00

For ike most extensive and valuable collection.

514. Of useful machines and implements exhibited and made at any one factory, whether including subjects for other premiums or not, a premium of 25 00

JUDGES. Richard W. Barton, Frederick, John H. Pitts, King William, Gen. Eppa. I^?nton, Prince William, Daniel Dejarnett, Caroline, George Towle, Alexandria.

Agricultural Steam Engine.

515. For the best steam engine, (on wheels)' applicable to agricultural purposes generally, as a substitute for horse power, 50 00

JUDGES. E. G. Booth, Nottoway, Henry Cox, Henrico, Wm. J. Watkins, Charlotte, George Watt, Richmond,. J. M. Hurt, Nottoway.

Class X.

Ploughing Match.

516. For the best ploughman with horses, $10 00

517. For the 2nd best ploughman with horses, 5 00

518. Forthebestploughmanwithsteers, 10 00

519. For the 2nd best ploughman with steers, 5 00

520. For the best dynamometer, 10 00

JUDGES. Th. J. Randolph, Albemarle. Th. M. Bondurant, Buckingham, R. L. T. Beale, Westmoreland, Dr. Geo. Morton, Culpeper, G. A. Miller, Nottoway.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

217

Remarks and Special Rules for Branch V.

All machines, implements, or other products of mechanical art, must be exhibited by or for their respective makers or inventors or improvers, to or for whom only premiums for such articles must be awarded. Persons who hold such articles by purchase, or as matters of traffic, will have no claim to a premium.

Every machine or implement offered for premium, must be designated by the offerer by its commercial name, or otherwise such other concise description be given as will serve to identify it to future purchasers ; and also the then selling price of the article must be stated and marked on the labels and in the published reports of premium articles.

The judgment of superior value must have due regard to the cheapness and durability of any machine or implement, as well as to its more effective operation while in good worktng order.

BRANCH VI. FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES.

521. For the best and largest variety of apples suitable for Southern raising,

each labelled, $10 00

522. For the best and largest variety of pears,

523. For the greatest number of choice varieties of different kinds of fruit,

524. For the best and largest collection of apple trees, suitable for Southern raising.

525. For the best pear trees,

526. For the best peach trees,

527. For the best fig trees,

528. For the best grape vines,

529. For the Lest strawberry vines,

530. For the best raspberry plants,

00 10 00

10 00 10 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 3 00 3 00

JUDGES.

Dr. P. C. Yenable, Mecklenburg. Henry P. Jones, Rockbridge. Robert Steel, Winchester. Jas. P. Marshall, Charlotte. Pvobert H. Carter, Albemarle.

FLOWERS.

531. For the largest and choicest variety of flowers,

532. For the second largest and choicest variety of flowers,

533. For the best and greatest variety of dahlias,

534. For the best and greatest variety of roses,

535. For the best floral ornament

536. For the best and largest variety of greenhouse plants,

JUDGES. Mrs. Jno. R. Garnett, Henrico. Mrs. Spotswood Fontaine, King William. Mrs. John Tabb, Gloucester, Mrs. Leonard Claiborne, Pr. Edward. Miss Overton, Hanover.

VEGETABLES.

537. For the largest and best assortment of table vegetables,

538. For the best dozen long blood beets,

539. For best dozen he/id of cabbage,

540. For the bes-t dozen Cauliflower,

541. For the best dozen Broccoli,

542. For the best dozen carrots,

543. For the best dozen egg plants, For the best peck of onions, For the best dozen parsnips, For the best bushel of Irish pota-

10 00 5 00 5 00

10 00

2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00

2 00

2 00

5 00

544. 545. 546. toes,

547. For the best bushel of sweet potatoes,

JUDGES. Wm. Sayre, Hanover. Jas. A. McClung, Staunton. Sam'l D. Burke, Pr. Edward. Jos. Rennie, Henrico. Edwin Shelton, Hanover.

BRANCH. VII. BUTTER AND CHEESE.

548. For the best specimen of fresh butter, not less than ten pounds, $10 00

549. For the second best specimen of fresh butter, not less than five pounds, 5 00

550. For the best firkin or tub of salted butter, not less than six months old, 10 00

551. For the second best firkin or tub of salted butter, not less than six months

old, 5 00

552. For the best cheese, not less than

20 pounds, 10 00

The method of making and preserving the butter and cheese, to be stated by the exhibitors.

JUDGES.

Col. Geq. Townes, Pittsylvania.

Wiley Eppes, Cumberland.

Wm. M. Peyton, Roanoke.

Chas. C. Tate, Wythe.

John Ryland, King & Queen.

Honey, Bee-Hives and Bacon Hams.

553. For the best specimen of hoDey,

not less than 10 pounds, $5 00

The honey to be taken without destroying the bees—the kind of hives used, and the management of the bees to be stated by the exhibitor.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

555. For the best hain cured by exhibitor, 8 00

556. For the second best ham cured by exhibitor, . 4 00

Manner of curing to be described by exhibitor, and the hams exhibited to be cooked.

JUDGES.

Alexander Fleet, King & Queen. Dr. E. P. White, Caroline. Spottswood Fontaine, King William. Wm. Tayloe, Richmond County. F. P. Wood, Prince Edward.

Household Manufactures.

CLASS I.

557. For the best quilt,

558. For the second best quilt, 459. For the best counterpane,

560. For the second best counterpane,

561. For the best pair home made blankets,

562. For the best home made carpet,

563. For the best home made hearthrug,

564. For the best set home made curtains,

565. For the second best set home made curtains,

566. For the best piece, not less than 7 yards home made negro shirting,

567. For the best piece, not less than 10 yards, winter clothing for negroes, to be woven by hand,

568. For the best piece, not less than 10 yards, heavy woollen jeans, to be woven by hand,

569. For the second best piece, not less than 10 yards, heavy woollen jeans, to be woven by hand,

570. For the best piece linsey, not less than 7 yards, to be woven by hand,

571. For the second best piece linsey, not less than 7 yards, to be woven by hand,

3 00

JUDGES. Mrs. Wm. H. Clarke, Halifax. " Henry Cox, Henrico. " Walter Coles, Pittsylvania. " Warner Taliaferro, Gloucester. " Geo. M. Bassett, Hanover.

CLASS II.

572. For the best fine long yarn hose, 3 00

573. For the best fine long cotton hose, 3 00

574. For the best silk do. of home made

silk, 5 00

575. For the best specimen of home made wine, 5 00

576. For the best home made bread, 5 00

577. For the best home made poundcake, 3 00

578. For the best home made spongecake, 3 00

579. For the best varieties home made pickles, 3 00

580. For the best varieties home made preserves, 3 00

581. For the best varieties home made

fruit jelly, 3 00

582. For the best sample home made soap, the process of making to be described by the exhibitor, 5 00

JUDGES.

Mrs. John Rison, Pittsylvania. " Dr. Barton, Rockbridge. " Jackson F. Childrey, Henrico. " Alexander Rives, Albemarle. " John Henry, Charlotte.

class hi.

Ladies Ornamental and Fancy work.

583. For the best specimen of embroidery, $8 00

584. For the second best specimen of embroidery, 6 00

585. For the third best specimen of embroidery, 4 00

586. For the best specimen of worsted work, _ 8 00

587. For the second best specimen of worsted work, 6 00

588. For the third best specimen of worsted work, 4 00

589. For the best specimen of crotched work, _ 8 00

590. For the second best specimen of crotched work, 6 00

591. For the third best specimen of crotched work, 4 00

592. For the best specimen of wax work, _ 8 00

593. For the second best specimen of

wax work, 6 00

594. For the third best specimen of

wax work, 4 00

595. For the best specimen of shell work, _ 8 00

596. For the second best specimen of shell work, 6 00

597. For the third best specimen of shell work, 4 00

598. For the best specimen or ornamental leather work, 8 00

599. For the second best specimen of ornamental leather work, 6 00

600. For the third best specimen of ornamental leather work, 4 00

601. For the best specimen of block work, 8 00

602. For the second best specimen of block work, 6 00

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

603. For the third test specimen of block work, 4 00

604. For the best specimen of knitting, 8 00

605. For the second best specimen of knitting, 6 00

606. For the third best specimen of knitting, 4 00

607. For the best specimen of netting, 8 00

608. For the second best specimen of netting, 6 00

609. For the third best specimen of netting, 4 00

610. For the most extensive variety of useful ornamental and fancy work, not excluding articles which may have had premiums awarded them under any of

the above specifications, 10 00

JUDGES.

Mrs. John A. Selden, Chas. City. " Thos. Carter, Pr. William. " Robert A. Mayo, Henrico. " Mark Alexander, Mecklen'g. " Sally Seddon, Goochland.

DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.

Class I.

611. For the best family flour,

Certificate of Merit

JUDGES.

Alfred Parkins, Frederick. David H. Branch, Petersburg. D. S. Delaplane, Richmond.

Janney, Richmond.

R. B. Souierville, Richmond.

Class II.

612. For the best manufactured tobacco, Certificate of Merit

JUDGES. Tucker Carrington, Mecklenburg. Thos. D. Neal, Danville. Jno. R. McDaniel, Lynchburg. Wm. Barret, Richmond.

3

W

Q

Class III.

613. For the best shod horse, 5

014. For the best horse shoe, 5

JUDGES L. M. Burfoot, Chesterfield James Hardijn, Richmond. Renoni Harrison, Prince William

Class IV.

615. For the best pair bed blankets,

616. For the best pair servant's blankets,

617. For the best piece of woollens,

618. For the best piece of cotton cloth,

619. For the best cotton cloth or web-/ bing, suitable for horse collars and harness,

620. For the best and greatest variety i of coarse, strong and cheap shoes,

621. For the best and cheapest wool hats,

622. For the best dozen baskets, of different kinds, made in Virginia, of Virginia grown willow or osier,

JUDGES.

Wm. T. Scott, Charlotte. J. Horace Lacy, Spottsylvania. J. Marshall, McCue, Augusta. Henry Harrison, Leesburg. Clement Barksdale, Richmond.

Class. V.

623. To the first individual in Virginia who shall establish and maintain in successful operation for six months, a factory for tubular draining tiles, on the most improved plan, a premium of, 100 00

JUDGES. James M. Morson, Goochland. James Jones, Chesterfield. Wm. Allen, Surry.

BRANCH ¥111.

Honorary Testimonials to each individual of Virginia who, previous to 1854 has discovered or introduced or brought into use, any principle, process or facility, or generally any improvement by which important value has been gained for the agricultural interests of Virginia.

JUDGES.

N. Francis Cabell, Nelson.

Wm. C. Rives, Albemarle.

Wm. B. Harrison, Pr. George.

Thos. J. Randolph, Albemarle,

R. M. T. Hunter, Essex.

John Todd, Isle of Wight.

BRANCH IX. Class I.

Special Premiums for any useful subjects not embraced under any of the foregoing heads.

624. Discovery in Virginia of mineral phosphate of lime in sufficient quantity to be valuable for sale and distant trans-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

portation as manure, a premium of $50 00

If more than one claimant, the most valuable discovery to have the award.

JUDGES.

N. Francis Cabell, Nelson. Wm. C. Rives, Albemarle. Wm. B. Harrison, Pr. George. Thos. J. Randolph, Albemarle. R. M. T. Hunter, Essex. John Todd, Isle of Wight.

Class II.

625. For the best drained farm, or part thereof, the formerly wet and then well drained portion of land to be not less than one hundred acres. The superiority of claim to be determined by the extent and labor of the works, their fitness and successful results, the amount of benefits produced, and of profits' made by the operation, a premium of

626. For the best drained farm by open ditches, and water furrows, reference being had to costs.

To obtain the first named premium of is required that the claimant shall present an accurate map, or ground plan, of his drained land, and of the principal drains, with approximate and sufficiently correct representations of all necessary minor points ; also profiles or levelled lines of cross-secttons and the principal lines of drains; together with a sufficiently clear written description of the whole work and the general results thereof.

50 00

25 00

£50, it

JUDGES.

Richard L. Gaines, Charlotte. J. R. Bryant, Gloucester. Jas. M. Morson, Goochland. Dr. Izard Rice, Charlotte. Philip Slaughter, Rappahannock.

Class III.

627. For the fullest and best chemical analysis of the whole vegetable product of any good manuring variety of the southern pea, in vines, leaves, roots and pods, at the time of the first pods being ripe— or of each of. these products separately, and their relative dry weights stated— and also separately of another sample of like ripe seeds of the same variety—with the results (and particularly of nitrogen) stated, together and in comparison with the results, heretofore ascertained and published by chemists, of Indian corn, wheat, oats, European peas, clover, &c, a premium of $20 00

JUDGES.

Dr. S. Maupin, University of Virginia, Wm. Gilham, Va. Military Institute, Professor Start Randolph, Macon, Benj. Hallowell, Alexandria.

Class IV.

628. For the best plan of preserving wheat from the time of harvest until it is sent to market, including shocking, stacking and securing against weevel—to have been tested by satisfactory personal experience, and to be accompanied by full and accurate written descriptions and drawings if necessary, 15 00

JUDGES. Dr. O. R. Funstan, Clarke, W. R. Bland, Nottoway, Col. Geo. T. Robetrson, Augusta, Wm. S. Dabney, Albemarle, Ro. W. Tom lin, Hanover.

branch x.

Premiums Offered by Individual Donors.

Premiums to be proposed of not less than twenty dollars value by any public spirited individual or association of individuals, who may thus desire to induce experiment, investigation, or discussion, on any particular subject of inquiry which shall come under the general objects of the Society. In any such case the premium shall be offered in and by the name of the individual donor, or association, but shall be awarded, as all other premiums, by the Executive Committee, acting under the general regulations of the Society. Offer3 under this branch may be made at any time, admitting of sufficient public notice thereof being given previous to the day of award.

Mr. Dulany offers $30 for the best South down buck, to be referred to the Committee on South downs in the schedule.

Ruffin & Irby offer $25 for the best implement for opening and grading water-furrows in grain fields.

JUDGES. Wm. Irby, Lunenburg. Dr. E. A. Coleman, Halifax, Dr. Wm. G. Carr, Albemarle, John Wickham, Henrico, Dr. Harrison, Charles City.

H. J. Smith offers $10 dollars each for the best 1 year old, two year old and three year old Colts, by his horse Kossuth, and $5 for the best foal of 1856—to be referred to the Committee on quick draught horses.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

221

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Will be inserted at the following rates ; For each square of ten lines, first insertion, One Dollar; each continuance Seventy-five Cents.

Advertisements out of the City must be accompanied with the money, to insure their insertion,

Postage on the Southern Planter, (when paid in advance,) to any part of the United States, one cent and a half per quarter, or six cents per annum.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER,

RICHMOND, JULY, 1856.

'Tfa ' ....

TERMS.

One Dollar and Twenty-five Cents per annum or One Dollar only if paid in advance. Six copies for Five Dollars; Thirteen copies for Ten Dollars — to be paid invariably in advance.

No subscription received for a less time than one year. Subscriptions may begin with any Number, but it is desirable that they should be made to the end of a volume.

E^ 1 Subscribers who do not give express notice to the contrary on or before the expiration of their yearly Subscription, will be considered as wishfng to continue the same ; and the paper will be sent accordingly.

iy No paper will be discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at our option.

t^* Suicribers are requested to remit the amount of their Subscription as soon as the same shall become due.

If Subscribers neglect or refuse to take their papers from the Office or place to which they are sent, they will be held responsible until they settle their account and give notice to discontinue.

mtf* If Subscribers remove, change their offices, or permit their paper to be sent to an office that has been discontinued, without directing a change of their paper, and the paper is sent to the former direction, they will be held responsible.

All Payments to the Southern Planter will be acknowledged in the first paper issued after the same shall have been received.

|y^ All money remitted to us will be considered at our risk only when the letter containing the same shall have been tegistered.

tztf^ It is indispensably necessary that subscribers remitting their Subscription, should name the Office to which their papers are sent; and those ordering a change should say from what to what post office they wish the alteration made. A strict observance of this rule will save much time to us and lose none to them besides insuring attention to their wishes.

Postmasters are requested to notify us in writing as the law requires, when papers are not taken from their Offices by Subscribers.

RUFFIN & AUGUST, Proprietors

TO SUBSCRIBERS.

We earnestly request that you will read our " Terms" at least once a year, and always before writing us upon any subject connected with your paper. We frequently receive letters containing remittances, and others requesting discontinuances or directing a change to other post-offices when the office to which the paper is sent is not named. Such omissions occasion us a great deal of trouble, and it not unfrequently happens that your wishes cannot be attended to in consequence of your neglect to conform to this standing request.

JS©" Remember always to name your post office when writing about your paper.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER BOUND.

In reply to numerous enquiries on the subject, we state that we can furnish the " South. ern Planter" bound, at §1 50 per volume, postage included.

Office : No. 153, Corner Main and Twelfth Streets.

AGRICULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW.

The newspapers, as usual at this period of the year, have been discussing and speculating upon the prospects of the crops. It would be difficult, after reading the various statements, to arrive at a satisfactory or just conclusion as to the probable yield, unless pains were taken to separate the chaff, and discard from consideration such reports as appeared to be merely an expression of the writer's wishes. The majority of our readers have doubtless entertained themselves with a perusal of these newspaper reports, and will judge for themselves as to their general accuracy. We desire to say in this connection, however, that the farmers of Virginia should, in justice to themselves, adopt some method of ascertaining annually the yield in this State. The importance of obtaining this information requires no elucidation, and we trust that the subject will receive the attention it deserves. Whatever may -be the yield of

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

■wheat this year, the farmers should bear in mind that a considerable portion of last year's crop is still "on hand;" and that with most favorable weather, the prospects for a large corn crop was never better. Under these circumstances, with the restoration of peace in Europe, it is more than probable that prices will rule low during the ensuing fall. What those prices are likely to be, we will not undertake to say. It is too soon to speak definitely of the opening rates, but it seems to be the impression among millers and dealers that $1.40@1.50 will be sustained as the range for a short time. We advise farmers not to be frightened by their losses during the past year into a general rushing forward of their crops. If they determine not to hoard there is no reason why they should not take time to consider before sending their produce to market.

There has been a considerable advance in Bacon and Sugar during the month (June) and the tendency is still upward—but more decided in Bacon than in Sugar. Bacon Sides on 1st June were 10£@10£, Shoulders 8f@9; on 27th Sides were quoted at 11}, firm ; Shoulders 10]-@10£. Sugar on 1st inst. was as follows: New Orleans 7@9 cents, Coffee Sugars 9f @,10;j-, refined ll-}@ 11|; on 27th N. 0.10@11 cents, Coffee Sugars lQJ@llf, refined 12@13 cents. Tobacco has not fluctuated much during the month. Prices have improved about 50 cents. The warehouses here are nearly filled, and the entries for breaks five weeks ahead! The following table exhibits the prices on 26th June 1856 and same time last year:

June 26,'55. June 26,'56. Lugs, 5|@ 7 4J@ 7

Leaf, Common, 7f@ 8* 1\@ 8

Middling to Good, 9 @10| 8i@10i

Fine Stemming, - 11 @13£ 11 (c|l3 Fine Shipping, - 11 @15f 11 @15 Fine Manufacturing, 12 @25 10 @25

In regard to Wool, the N. Y. Journal of Com-- merce says:

"Prices are generally lower than they were three weeks since, but the market is as yet unsettled. Prices in the country continue to rule high, and the impression generally prevails that no lower rates will be accepted, for, although the clip is likely to prove an average one, the stock of old left over was much lighter than for many years past."

We annex a report of Baltimore Cattle Market for the week ending 27th June: Beef Cattle. ---There has been a decline of

25 cents in the price of Beef Cattle since last week. The offerings at the scales to-day reached 800 head, of which 500 sold at prices rangiag from $4 to $5.25 $ 100 lbs. on the hoof, equal to $8@$10.I2| net, averaging $4.87}- gross.

Hogs. —The market is firm, and sales are making at $7@$7.50 f 100 lbs.

Sheep. —Demand steady, with sales at $2.50 @$4 f head.

REAPING MACHINES.

Two new Reapers have been introduced into the harvest this year, that of our friend Mr. Morrison, of Richmond, and that of Mr. James T. Caldwell, of Ayletts, King William County.

We saw Mr. Morrison's cutting clover hay, and it seemed to perform its work to admiration. It was working on the land of Mr. Allen, near Richmond; and he thought it worked better than Hussey's, which he had thought could not be beaten. Of the performance of this reaper in the field, we have not heard, though as there is a large factory of them got up in Petersburg— see advertising columns of the Planter—we expect to hear after awhile.

Mr. Caldwell's machine, we know something about, having tried it thoroughly, at his request, on our own crop. We have to say for it, that it is in principle and in practical operation the simplest and best machine we have yet seen.

It is single geared—that is, a bevel wheel on the face of the ground wheel—or wheel that carries the reaper, works into a pinion on an upright rod or shaft of about three feet long. At the lower end, the rod terminates in a crank which works the knives : at the upper end it terminates in a small wheel like that which operates the brake on a locomotive. This gives power to aid the horses at starting, and helps to back the machine, to turn it, and to relieve it when choked. It is evident that it is.the extreme of simplicity. The contrivance for lowering and raising the platform and cutters cannot be described without a diagram, but it is as simple as the balance of this admirable piece of mechanism. So constructed, it follows of course that it must be light: two horses work it with ease; a third is only in the way ; and its lightness makes it more durable, because it cannot be racked, as heavier and more complicated machines are by their weight.

The ground wheel is 9 inches tread and about 3A feet diameter, made of wood, like the band wheel of wheat machines, with an iron tire.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

223

This enables it to work sooner after a rain than any other machine, besides adding to the ease of draught. We worked it on flat clay land, commencing at 9 o'clock in the morning after a heavy nights' rain of several hours, when the water was still standing in the water furrows. Hussey's tried on the same land, at 12 o'clock, came to a stand still.

With a change of horses every two hours, one may trot the reaper all day long and cut over as much wheat less than thirty acres, as his hands can secure- With a small force, we cut over fifty acres in two and a half days, including a stoppage of some four hours in consequence of an accident to the reaper, and a delay at least as great in shocking the wheat. The wheat, to be sure, was light; but it could have been cfft as easily if heavy, though our force would not have secured it.

Like all other reapers, this has faults ; some of principle, some of construction. It has not enough motion of the knives, which are a modification of Hussey's blades ; and we do not see how it can be given without increasing tne draft. It is too far from the main wheel to the cutting end of the crank, so that it is apter than other machines to overrun wheat; and it sometimes clogs from inequalities of surface, which a shorter sweep would overcome or avoid. The knives of the only two that we have seen, are not of good metal, being on the whole much too soft and unequally tempered.

The seat for the raker—who delivers either at side or rear—is uncomfortable; and if Mr. Caldwell does not alter it, he ought to furnish leather for the purpose, as our friend W. W. Gilmer expresses it, of "half soaling" the pantaloons of the rakers.

Lastly, the price is too high. With less than half the gearing or weight of casting of other machines, the price is $125. It can be made at a profit for half the money, we should think-But in spite of all these defects, candour and justice to our subscribers impel us to declare that it is the best reaper we have seen.

But let no one buy it on our recommendation. We call attention to it. Let the purchaser examine and look for himself, and buy if he likes it. We are but an indifferent judge of machine, ry, and not at all disposed to undertake a gratuitous agency in a matter which we do not under-

stand, and in which we would be held to a strict accountability.

H. M. Smith, the well known machinist of Richmond, is also trying a new reaper. We have not seen it at work, and can say nothing about it. Hussey has added a side delivery and pivot rake to his machine. We found the pivot rake harder to operate than the old plan, and could not use the side delivery without racking the machine to pieces. But in adapting his reaper to these alterations, he has made a very great improvement in it, by lifting the crank several'inches higher. We need not say that for solid strength and honest workmanship, ability to stand and tear, and capacity for clean cutting, Hussey's reaper cannot be beaten, and we honour him as the first man who introduced this great invention to the world.

CHINCH BUG.

This destructive bug, or fly, is doing very extensive damage in various sections of the State below the mountains: and as the corn and oats are both backward in consequence of "the long dry season in May," we expect they will prove much more injurious than common.

The only remedy we have tried against them, is found to succeed partially. If whilst they are crawling from place to place, a streak of gas or coal tar be laid across their track they will not-cross it. We have tried to force them over it, but they will not go, and manifest the greatest uneasiness at its presence. How far this checking their migration will answer we cannot tell as yet; for as soon as they can fly, the tar is no barrier to them. But thousands, or millions rather, may perish for lack of subsistence before they become fledged.

PREMIUM LIST OF THE VIRGINIA STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. We devote a considerable part of this number to the premium list of the Virginia State Agricultural Society. It will be found on examination to be somewhat more extensive than the very liberal schedules heretofore offered at our meetings. The amount of premiums in nearly all cases is somewhat less, but the subjects are greater. Some things which it was thought expedient to encourage at other exhibitions are omitted now because they are introduced and there is no longer occasion to reward them in this way: others, for the same reason, are includ§d in this present schedule.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

TO POSTMASTERS AND OTHERS.

A GOOD TIME TO SUBSCRIBE.

There are doubtless a large number of Farmers in Virginia and elsewhere, who desire and would like to have a good Agricultural paper; and who are laboring under great disadvantages in consequence of not having one to refer to for valuable improvements in Agricultural science, &c. To such we offer the "Southern Planter" on trial, upon the following terms for six months only, ending with the December number, viz: 1 copy, 50 cents; Clubs of G for $2,50; 13 for $5,00; 20 for $7,50 ; 28 for $10,00. At each Post Office in the State, Clubs might be formed with little effort, and with profit to those who undertake to get them up. Send forward the dimes and you shall be richly repaid.

AGENCIES. We are frequently asked why we do not appoint Agents for our paper at such and such places. To all such enquirers we answer, that we have found the system of employing paid Agents to result unsatisfactorily both to ourselves and our subscribers, with whom we are frequently thrown in collision, in consequence of the neglect or inefficiency of such Agents. We may have been unfortunate in our selection. The low price at which the paper is published—(our advertising sheet alone, for which our subscribers pay nothing, is worth to them in valuable information more than the amount of their subscription)—does not justify our employing any. We have, therefore, determined to abandon their employment altogether, except in the collection of arrearages due from old subscribers, and in the formation of Clubs. We hereby authorize any one whom subscribers are willing to trust, to take subscriptions at our Club rates, and on receipt of the money (at which time only our liability to such subscribers will commence), we will forward the papers. Subscribers so obtained to be ours after the first year.

Persons disposed to act in this capacity, we refer to our six months proposition to be found in the columns of this number.

We here state that our friend, F. N. Wat-kins, Esq. of Farmville, who is actuated purely by a love of the cause, is our authorized Agent to receive subscriptions, make collections, and grant receipts on account of this paper.

GENERAL NOTICE.

In accordance with the notice given in a previous number of this paper, we commence from this date to drop from our list, all subscribers who are in arrears for three years or more, and shall continue to do so until the first of January next, at which time we intend to drop all who are then in arrears for two years and upwards. But in doing so we do not intend to relinquish our right to collect our dues from such delinquents, but shall send out their accounts regularly or place them in the hands of Agents for collection. We do not design to adopt strictly the cash system, but we desire to approach as near to it as possible, and wish our "Terms" which are printed conspicuously in every paper to be understood by all our subscribers. They are as follows:

TERMS.

One Dollar and Twenty-five Cents per annum, or One Dollar only, if paid in advance. Six copies for Five Dollars ; Thirteen copies for Ten Dollars— to be paid invariably in advance ; and to them we mean strictly to adhere with this variation only, subscribers who owe for two years, or $2,50 and remit, $5 will be credited for the two years of arrearrages and three years in advance. We think no one who intends to pay can object to this arrangement.

THE TEMPERANCE JOURNAL. This is the title of a new weekly paper published in this city by the Rev. S. D. Hopkins, Editor. As its name indicates, it is devoted to the advocacy and promotion of the Temperance cause. We welcome its advent into the newspaper world and wish it success. The Prospectus will be found below.

prospectus.

The Virginia Temperance Journal will be issued weekly in the city of Richmond, and be mailed to subscribers at one dollar a year, invariably in advance.

. As its name implies, it will be strictly a " Temperance Journal," devoted to the advocacy of Temperance, on the "moral suasion" principle, while its columns shall be open to the discussion of all questions connected with Temperance, which will, in any way, promote the interest of the cause.

It will contain such items of foreign and local news as may be considered of importance to its patrons; and reports of markets, corrected weekly.

And to enable us to furnish the Journal at

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

985

the low price of one dollar a year, one page will be given up to advertisements.

All communications, whether intended for insertion in the Journal or containing names of subscribers and remittances, must be addressed to the Editor.

Temperance men throughout the State are respectfully and urgently requested to act as agents in procuring subscribers for the Journal.

The first regular number will be issued soon after three thousand or more subscribers are reported to the Editor.

Newspapers friendly to the cause of Temperance will confer a favor upon many of their patrons by giving the above an insertion, and such notice as thev may think it deserves.

TO ADVERTISERS.

The Southern Planter offers to advertisers

BEST METHOD OF USING GUANO ON CORN.

Buckingham Co., Va. > June 11th, 1856. J

Messrs. Editors. —From several years experience with Guano upon the corn crop, I think I can probably give you some ideas that may be beneficial to your numerous readers.

In the year 1854, I used guano upon corn land as follows, viz:

First experiment,—I sowed the guano broad-cast, turned it in with a two horse plow, then laid off" the rows 5 feet, and dropt the corn 2 feet apart and covered it with the harrow.

Second experiment—flushed the land, laid off the rows as above, sowed the gua-

one of the best mediums which this State af- no ; n the row, dropt the corn, and cov-

fords of reaching the Farmers of Virginia and ered as before.

North Carolina, where it has a large subscrip-1 Third—flushed the land, and planted the

tion list, and of the other Southern and Western States, where it is extensively circulated. Those who take it are substantial men who live in the country; the best customers to every trade,— the very class whom advertisers desire to reach. To Boarding Schools and Academies, to the

corn with no guano, at the same distance as in the other two lots.

As soon as the corn got large enough to weed, I ran the little dagant plow as close as I could to the corn and turned the dirt from it, following with the hoes thining

Merchant, the Mechanic, the Hotel Keeper, I and P ut ; in S a llUl T e J irt 4 ° f e , corn - A * _ „ _. .. , T soon as 1 got over 1 turned back where 1

the Druggist, the Dentist, the ^crseryman,! first comm & enced throwing the dirt off and

and m short, to all-who have LANDS, or any, threw Qne t - tQ fte CQrn> When j , tQ

thing to sell or anything to make known, the (the lot that had no guan0j r sowed thesame

l_ I quantity broadcast, that I had previously sowed on the other lots, before throwing

"Southern Planter

fidence not only on account of the substantial character of those who subscribe to it, but likewise by the fact that possessing the addi-

the dirt to the corn, following with the plow throwing the dirt to the corn immedi-

tional advantage of being printed in Book formt ately after sowing the guano. As soon as and Stitched, it is therefore more apt to be pre- I got over with one furrow, I turned back served than an ordinary newspaper, and gives! and plowed out the whole row. I done no to advertisers a better chance of keeping them-j more work to it. Tt all had the same work selves before the people. | anc * the same chance every way. But the

The increased business of this department of last lo * tha f ha <? th , e S uano applied when the "Planter" since it has been undertaken,!throwing the dirt back, made more corn

proves that those who have tried it, find it to their interest to encourage this entcrprize.

advertisements.

Will be inserted at the following rates:—For each square of ten lines, first insertion, One Dollar; each continuance Seventy-five Cents.

than both of the others together.

When I commenced throwing the dirt to the corn, I thought that the first two lots that had been guanoed would make four times the corn to either lot that could be made on the other. The stalk looked large and thrifty, while the corn that had no guano up to that time was small and

A liberal discount to those who advertise by the yellow.

year. | But the first lots began to give back just

Advertisements out of the City must be ac- as the ear was making, coiapanied with the money to insure their inser-1 While the other lot that had the guano tion. ! last, was at that time in a rapid growth, and

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

had larger ears at gathering time the first two lots had nothing but nubbins.

I tried the same experiment last year, and the result was the same. I would recommend sowing the guano on the corn broad-cast, when laying it by, as the best method of using it. It makes a good crop of corn, and helps the crop of wheat also. Yours, Respectfully, A Citizen of Buckingham.

DEVON BULL.

FOR sale, a Bull of good size and form, about 16 months old, bred by the late Hon. C. P. Hol-comb, got bv Imported " Sout'i Moultou," Price $100. Address, DR. P. B. PENDLETON,

Tolersville, Louisa Countv, Va. July 1,1856.

Farm -wanted to Rent or take on Shares,

By an experienced Dairy-man. A small Farm in the vicinity of Richmond. Any person desirous of entering into such an anangemeni, will please communicate with the subscriber by mail at Washington City. July, 1856. 3t LEWIS BAILY.

McKINNEY & DUPUY,

COMMISSION MER CHANTS,

RICHMOND, VA.

PAY particular attention to the sale of TOBACCO, WHEAT, FLOUR, &c, and make li beral advances on produce in hand. July 1856.—ly*

CONTENTS OF NO. VII.

Mr. Bledsoe's Review of his Reviewer, 193 Use of the Scraper in Cleaning Ditches,

Mill-Races and Creeks, - 197 Cooking Onions. 198 Report of the Committee of United Farmers' Agricultural Club on Agricultural Implements, 198 Pot Cheese, ... 200 Boil your Molasses, ... 200 Steam Power for Farm Purposes, 200 Turnip Culture, - - 201 Chronic Rheumatism in Horses, 202 Negro Absorption, ... 203 " Swinney" in Horses, - 204 List of Premiums and Regulations for the Fourth Annual Exhibition of the Virginia State Agricultural Society, 205 Terms of the Southern Planter, * 221 To Subscribers, - - 221 (The Southern Planter Bound, 221 Agricultural an( l Commercial Review, 221 Reaping Machines, - - 222 Chinch Bug, ... 223 Premiums of the Virginia State Agricultural Society, - - 223 To Postmasters and others, 224 Agencies, .... 224 General Notice, - - 224 The Temperance Journal, - 224 To Advertisers, - - 225 Best Method of Using Guano on Corn, , 225

LIST OF PAYMENTS.

All persons who have made payments early enough to be entered, and whose names do not appear in the following receipt list, are requested to give immediate notice of the om ission, in order that the correction may be made in the next issue :

From 23rd May to June 30.

57

56

Jan

July Jan

62 57

56 57

Ro Moore, Jan

E Paxton. June

W H Spiller, "

Dr T P Shields,

P. F. Boisseau,

Jos Mann,

W A Turner,

J no F Wiley,

Geo Rives,

Wm M Wade,

W H San ford,

A Burton, "

Jno W Barker, "

C N Meriwether, "

Jno T Bronaugh, "

Jas Drvden, June "

R Grig9by, " "

S S Gresham, Mar "

G Flippo, July •'

E W Massey, Jan "

Ro Wilson, July "

R Stokes, Aug "

W P Mosely, Jan "

W S Wallace, June 1856,

G W Pettit, Jan 1853,

R K Fitzhugh, July 1856,

H Perkins, Jan "

N Talley, Jan 1854

S D Morton, Jan 1857

Thos Daniel, June 1856

7 00

3 50

4 17 1 0 0

1 00

2 00 1 00

1 00

2 25 58

5 00 1 00 1 00

1 00

2 00 2 25 1 00 1 0 0 1 00 1 00 1 00

1 00

2 00 2 50 2 25

I 1 25

II 00 2 50 1 00

50

J L Chamberlain, Jan 1857, R Greene, Jan 1857 S S Myers, Jan 1857 J V Hobson, June 1857 Wm Snoddy, July 1856 Thos N Davis, May 1857 J D Watts, Jar. 1857 W S Wilson. June 1856 S Lambert, July 1856 A J Bracy, Jan 1857 H S Hathaway, Jan 1857 A Muirhead, Jan 1857 J Carr, July 1856 Wm Appleberry, Jan 1857 Ro W Morris, Sept 1856 Maj J B White, Jan 1858 B G Dunlap, Julv 1856 J J Grantham, April 1857 S Brockman, Oct 1856 W Y Downman, Jan 1S56 H L Towles, Jan 1858 Col S Downing, Jan 1856 Col S Greshairi, Jan 1856 Jos P Flippo, Jan 1856, W Henderson, Jan 1856 W Eustace, Jan 1856 J H Chowning, Jan 1856 J W Gresham, Jan 1856 N Spriggs, April 1856 A D Martin, Jan 1857

2 25 1 20 1 00

00 75 no 00 00 00 00

1 00

2 25 5 00

1 00

2 50

2 50

3 00 1 00

5 00

1 00

6 00

2 25

4 75 4 75

1 00

2 25

2 50

3 50 3 50 1 00

Ro Allen, Sept 1857 C Proctor, Jan 1857 G Coleman, March 1856 R F Coleman, Jan 1856 W G Fretwell, Julv 1856 J Spindle, Jan 1857 R M Higgins, Jan 1855 G W Kemper, Jr, Jan 1857 J G Hurst, Julv 1856 E H Flournoy, March 1857 R W Flournoy, June 1857 W G Flournoy, July 1857 Lanev Jones, Jan 1857 RE Borum, Jan 1857 DrP Hales. Jan 1858 Jos S Spengler, Jan 1857 W Hawkins, Jan 1857 C S Gay, Jan 1857 A Ganaway, June 1856 J B Townley, Jan 1859 Col J Fuqua, Jan 1859 Geo Fleming, Sep 1856 J W Bellfietd, Jan 1857 Jas Dolin, July 1856 F Erny, June 1856 J C Holland, Jan 1857 D W K Bowles. Jan 1857 Anderson Hughes, Jan 1857 R H Boston, Sept 1856 W G Clark, Jan 57

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

227

Jno D Johnson, Sep 1856 B W Snead, Sep -1856 Jos Pavne, June 1856 T H Tutwiier, Jan 1857 B J Flannagan, Sep 1856 R A Noel, Sep 1856 M Barber, June 1857 Geo Pannill, Jr, Jan 1857 Thos O Sovers, Jan I860 E J Thompson, Jan 1857 B Vaughan, Mav 1S57 P T Johnson, Jan 1857 F Grayson, Jan 1857 Jas Garland. Jan 1858 Geo Blane, Jan 1856 W P Tucker, Jan 1357 VV A Turpin, Dec 1856 Jno Tyler, Jan 1857 Jno D Turner, July 1856 J P Taliaferro, Jan" 1857 Dr J W Gantt, Jan 1857 Jno Andrews, Nov 1856 Woods, Garth, Julv 1856 W Garth, Jan 1857 Jno L Marve, Jan 1857 Jas M Bro'wn, Oct 1858 KR Barton, Jan 1858 E S Tutwiier, April 1855 J B Strong, Jan 1857 Jno H Wilmore, May 1856 Geo ftturdivant, June 1857 Dr J L Jones, Jan 1857 D Burkheart, April 1857 Jacob Kagev, July 1856 F Lecler, Jan 1857 M C Wills, Jan 1857 Jno Jacob, Jan 1857 G Wilson, May 1857 W Fuqua, Jan 1357 J S Hardawav, Jan 1858 U Terrill, July 1856 J J Gravatt. March 1857 D Shaw, Julv 1&56 A A Campbell, July 1857 B C Jones, Jan 1858 Ro Jackson, Dec 1856 Jno Sanders, " "

S D Sanders, u D B Sanders, " " R W Sanders, " "

Adam Sanders, " "

J S Cowherd, Jan 1857 Danl. Wilson, Sept 1856 R G Bibb, Jan 1857 W H Goode, Jan 1857 Brax. Garlick, July 1858 Jno O Massie, Jan'l857 B Snead, Jan 1856 D M George, Jan 1857 J L Maurv, Jan 1S57 T F Nelson, Nov, 1856 Thos M Cockle, June 1855 T Bridgforth, May 1856 W P Browne, Jan 1857 O W Kean, Jan 1856 J T Baughan, Jan 1857

I A Gills, Jan 1857 H Johnson, Dec 1856 ! E Gilliam, Sept 1856 I W A Castleman, July 1856 E C McGehee, Jan 1857 W Robertson, Jan 1856 I Jos Mann, Jan 1857 G W Ball, Sept 1856 G A Garth July 1856 ,'S Heiskell, July 1856 G Hay the, Sept 1858 Wm W Alvis, Jan 1857 Wm Nace, July 1356 I Danl Hatcher, Jan 1857 I Wm Mathews, Jan 1857 Jno D Brown, Jan 1857 jE Davis, July 1858 Jno Gibson, June 1857 I Henrv Mackay, June 1857 C E Kent, Jan 1857 B H Benton, Jan 1857 WDSouthall, Julv 1857 i Wm P Hawkins, Jan 1856 D R. Hopkins, Julv 1856 T T Saunders, Jan 1860 D Rice, Jan 1858 Dr G R Calhoun, July 1857 Jas Dickerson, Jan 1856 I W Webb, April 1856 : J B McCarty, J G B A McCarty, Jan 1856 ! E R Pullen, Jan 1856 R C Belfield, Jan 1856 W P Vanness, Jan 1857 P T Lomax, March 1856 Wm English, Jan 1856 J D Belfield, June 1856 H Chandler, Sep 1856 J H Sandford, May 1856 J Critcher, Jan 1856 F W Cox, July 1856 B Walker, Sep 1856 Jno E Johnson, Jan 1857 P L Burruss, July 1857 J G Bootwright, July 1857 F N Taliaferro, Jan 1857 E P Talley, Jan 1857 DR Fielder, July 1856 Genl A Brown, Jan 1857 T Durrett, Jan 1857 David Lee, Jan 1857 J G Cecil,

A K Shepard, Jan 1857 Dr S S Henley, Jan 1857 Dr R Harrison, Jan 1858 W M Bagley, July 1856 Jas B Rawlings, July 1857 Jas D Coleman, April 1857 Elizh B Ambler, June 1857 S B Seward, Jan 1858 Ro H Richardson, June 1857 Lewis Bailey, Jan 1853 Dr W H Decourcey, June '57 F P Holcomb, Sep 1856 D Wilkinson, June 1857 Alex Faison, Jan 1857

1 00 3 75

2 00

3 00 3 00 3 75

1 00

2 50

W D Cabell, Jan 1857 Geo Chambers, Sep 1856 Dr Watson, Jan 1857 Wm S Perry, July 1856 Thos A Keith, July 1856 A White, Jan 1857 B Lewis, Jan 1856 T M Seawell, Jan 1857

3 00 ; Geo C Gilmer, Sep 1856 7 50 D G Smith, June 1856

5 00 J R Barkesdale, Jan 1857 1 00 Jno T Johns, Sep 1856

4 25 N Talley, Jan 1857

1 00 j Geo Hankins, July 1858 1 00 I Jos Walker, June 1857 1 00 ! J W Hamilton, June 1856

3 00 H Z. Shackleford, April 1857

6 00 j T J Valentine, Jan 1857

4 75 TK Miller, July 1856

3 00 J R Eggleston, Mar 1857

4 75 T D Quarles, Jan 1857

1 00 W Waddv, Oct 1856 6 00 M H Miller, Jan 1857

5 00 J Cunningham, Jr, Julv 1857 10 00 A R Givens, Julv 1856'

2 00 R R Sims, Jan 1858 1 00 Ro Drake, July. 1857

1 00 E W Eggleston, Jan 1858

2 25 VV F Plunkett, July 1855

1 00 Thos McCarkle, June 1856

2 25 NB Gay, Sep 1856

4 75 j N A Holman, Sep 1856

3 50 I J L Dupuv, Sept 1856

1 00 J T T Hundley, Jan 1857

2 25 Jos A Flippo, Jan 1857

3 50 Jos A Flippo, Jan 1857

1 00 G W Harris, Jan 1857

4 75 J M Trevillian, Jan 1857

3 50 J S Pendleton, Jan 1827

6 00 S W Washington, July 1856

2 25 R B Tuggle, June 1857 6 00 G N Crowler, Jan 1856 1 00 jJno Faulkner, Jan 1858

1 00 B Garland, Jan 1856 100 JD Ricks, July 1856 100 EG Adams,May 1856

2 25 Thos Leigh, Jan 1856

2 25 ! T White, Jan 1857

1 00 G Canada, Jan 1857

4 00 Wm'King, Jan 1857

1 00 I Joel Wright, Jan 1859

1 00 Whiting Davies, July 1856

3 00 C N Meriwether, /an 1857 3 00 Jos A Nunn, Jan 1858

2 00 G H Flagg, Jan 1857

1 00 Jno W Reeve, Jan 1857

5 00 RE Lewis. Jan 1857

2 25 R P Atkinson, Jan 1857 Hume Field, Mar 1857 EG Scott, Mav 1858 R F Omohondrn, Sep 1856 R Pitzer, Jan 1856 RWNNoland, Jan 1859 A Foster, Oct 1857 Wm Tompkins,Oct 1856

1 00 5 00 1 00 3 00 1 00

3 75 1 00

4 75

1 00

2 50

3 50

5 00

1 25

2 25 7 50

6 00

3 00 1 00 1 00 3 75 1 00 5 00

5 00 3 75 1 00 1 00

3 75

4 75

1 00

6 25

2 25 00 75 25 00 50 50 25 00 00 50 00

1 00

75 25

50 00

75 00 00 00

11 25 3 75

00 00 75 50 00 00 8 75

1 25

2 00

4 00 2 00 1 00 1 00

1 00

5 00

2 50

6 25

3 50 1 00 1 00

WM. B. GREEN, CTiarlotte.

5 FRED. W. HOBSON \ Richmond,

GREEN & HOBSON,

PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS,

RICHMOND, VA.

JNO. BOOKER, (late of the firm of Booker & Wat-kins,) Salesman. X3T Office on Cary street, between 12 and 13, July 1 1856— ly*

AGRICULTURAL LIME

Of a superior quality, in any quantity over 1000 bushels, for sale upon reasonable terms by

CHAS. H. LOCHER, & Co. Balcony Falls, July 1st—tf Rockbridge Co.. Va.

■J. MONTGOMERY'S Rockaway Wheat Fans, for sale bv

WILLIAM PALMER. July 1st— 2t