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Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty-Third Year. 



Southern Planter 

A MONTHLY JOURNAL 

DEVOTED TO 

Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE : 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

J. P. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 



Proprietors. 



Vol. 63. 



AUGUST, 1902. 



No. 8. 



CONTENTS. 



"ARM MANAGEMENT : 

Editorial— Work for the Month 447 

Grass Seeding 449 

Green Manure 451 

Crimson Clover 452 

Grass Seeding 453 

The Stolen Crop — Pumpkins— Cucurbita Maxima... 453 

The Chinch Bug Campaign 454 

Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, page 479) 455 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD : 

Editorial— Work for the Month 460 

Fertilizing the Orchard- 461 

Longevity of Peach Tree— Late Irish Potatoes — 

Fall Cabbage- Celery 461 

The Imperfect Distribution of the Strawberry 

Crop of the Country - 461 

Grape Rot Prevention 462 

Red Clover a Paying Crop 462 

Utilizing Corn-Stalks 462 

LIVE STUCK AND DAIRY : 

Jerseys at Biltmore, N. C 463 

The Stomach Worm in Sheep 463 

Dairying in Virginia 465 

The Lawrence- Kennedy Milking Machine 465 

Sick Cows 466 

A Preliminary Report on the Use of Blackleg Vac- 
cine in Virginia 466 

A Canadian Example 467 



THE PODLTRY YARD : 

^The Breeding of the Pekin" Duc k— Sel ection of 
Breeding Stock— Handling and Marketing Duck-^° 

lings 468 

Sore Heads 469 

Feeding Chickens for Growth 469 

Poultry Notes 670 



THE HORSE : 

Notes 



471 



MISCELLANEOUS : 

Editorial — The New Constitution of Virginia 473 

The Compound Farmer 474 

Disappointments in Farming 474 

The Education of the People — Declaration of Prin- 
ciples ...„ 4 75 

Let us Have Telephones 476 

Draft of Vehicles and Implements and Construe^" 

tion o JWagons 47(> 

Editorial — Ice House '. 477 

Technical Teaching in Public Schools 477 

New Wheat 478 

Mating for Early Lambs 478 

Publisher's Notes 479 



AnVEBTISEMENTB. 



479 



SUBSCRIPTION, 50c. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. 



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The Southern Planter. 

DEVOTED TO 

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 

Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.--XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State.— SULLY. 



63d Year. 



Richmond, August, 1902. 



No. 8. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

A much higher range of temperature having pre- 
vailed during the month of July up to this writing, 
accompanied by seasonable rains at frequent intervals 
over a great part of the Southern States, has much 
improved crop conditions generally, and there seems 
now every probability of a fair yield, both of corn, 
cotton and tobacco, though in gome sections of this 
State and North and South Carolina there is complaint 
of some inj ury from drouth. Both the corn and cot- 
ton crop of the South is grown on a larger area than 
was harvested last year — the corn crop alone showing 
an increase of over 2 per cent. Tobacco in Virginia 
is planted on a less area by 4 per cent., and being late 
planted, much of even this reduced area is not likely 
to make a heavy yield. In North Carolina, there is 
an increased area planted of about 9 per cent., and 
the condition is nearly up to the ten year average, 
thus indicating a considerably larger crop. The corn 
crop of the whole country promises to be the largest 
ever made. It is planted on an area of 3,500,000 
acres more land than was harvested last year, and the 
condition on the 1st July was nearly up to the ten- 
year average. Since that date, however, considerable 
damage has been done the crop by excessive rains and 
floods in some sections of the West, whilst drouth has 
injured it largely in Texas and to some extent in one 
or two other Southwestern States. Great loss has 
been sustained in the winter and spring wheat crop in 
the Northwest by continuous rains and floods. At 



the time of this writing, hundreds of acres in the Mis- 
sissippi Valley are under water, with the crops either 
washed away or completely ruined. This must make 
a considerable effect in the total yield of the wheat 
crop, which, we believe, will be found to be even more 
deficient than we indicated in our last issue. In this 
State, threshing returns are proving more encouraging 
than the crop in the field promised, though we hear of 
few large yields and of many very small ones. The 
spring oat crop in this State has threshed out better 
than was expected, and the indications are for a large 
crop in the whole country. The hay crop of the South 
is short, but in the great hay-producing sections the 
yield is heavy. Fruit is a failure in the South, and 
^iot up to the average anywhere except in a few small 
sections. Live stock of all kinds continues in strong 
demand at increasing prices. With the promise of 
plenty of feed, lean stock is being sought up by feed- 
ers everywhere. It promises to pay those who have 
heeded our advice to breed and keep stock — to give 
them all they can eat and make them as thrifty and 
weighty as possible. 



Forage crops have made great progress during July, 
and bid fair to make good the deficiency in the hay 
crop in the South. These crops are much more 
largely grown now than ever before, as their value is 
being realized. There is no reason whatever why 
every farmer should not have abundance of keep for 
the winter for all the live stock he can carry on his 



416230 



448 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



L r August 



farm at any season of the year ; and this live stock is 
the true means whereby he can secure profit from his 
farming operations, and at the same time increase the 
fertility of his land and save money on fertilizers. It 
is not too late yet to increase the quantity of this feed, 
as peas, sorghum and millet may yet be sown with the 
certainty of making good hay ; but there should be 
no time lost in getting the seed sown. 



The harvesting of these forage crops will require 
attention as they become fit for curing. Cow peas 
should be cut ior hay when the first pods are turning 
yellow. A grain reaper is the best machine to use for 
the purpose, as the cut vines are by its use put out of 
the way of the team when coming round again, and 
the peas are not threshed out by the horses treading 
on them. If a reaper is not at hand, the crop may be 
cut with a mower, in which case a man or two should 
follow the machine with forks and throw the cut peas 
out of the way of the team on the next round. There 
is an attachment now being sold (advertised in our 
columns a month ago) for fixing to the mower, which 
will obviate the necessity for the men following the 
machine. Let the peas lie as cut until thoroughly 
wilted, then rake them into windrows and let them 
continue to cure there until most of the moisture is out 
of them, then put into cocks to complete the curing. 
The cocks should be examined when they have stood 
twenty- four hours, and if they feel cold and damp in 
the centre, should be opened out so that the sun and 
wind can penetrate them and dry off this dampness. 
The vines may then be hauled into the barn and be 
packed away tightly. They will heat considerably, 
but if not disturbed will come out all right after the 
heating is over. If disturbed, they are sure to mould. 
If hauled and stored when damp with, rain or dew, 
they are certain to spoil. Be particular to dry off all 
dampness so acquired. If from threatening weather it 
becomes necessary to store before properly cured, the 
hay will cure out and keep if stored with a layer of 
wheat straw put into the mow between each load. 
This straw will be eaten by the stock readily, as it ac- 
quires much of the flavor of the pea hay, and in this 
way the quantity of feed may be largely increased. 

Cow- peas and sorghum should be cut before the sor- 
ghum stalks become hard, and will be found easier to 
cure than peas alone, as the sorghum keeps the vines 
from becoming so compact as to keep out the wind 
and sun. Sorghum alone should be cured as described 
in our May issue. Millet should not be allowed to 
stand until the seed forms, but be cut when in bloom. 
When partially cured, put up in cocks and cure out, 
and thus keep the color and sweet smell of the hay. 



of Crimson clover. We refer our readers to that arti- 
cle. The work of seeding this clover should be con- 
tinued afc intervals until October, and always seed 
with it some wheat or winter oats. In this way some 
part of the seed sown is sure to make a stand, and 
when it fails the wheat or oats will make a winter 
cover. 



Sand vetch, sometimes called Hairy vetch, can com- 
mence to be sown this month, and may be sown up to 
the end of October. This crop makes a more certain 
stand than Crimson clover — indeed, it rarely fails. 
Sow 20 pounds of seed to the acre with half a bushel 
of wheat or winter oats. It makes a great crop for 
cutting for green feed in the spring or for hay. In an 
experiment made in Tennessee sand vetch grown alone 
yielded 7f tons of green forage to the acre and If tons 
of cured hay. When grown with wheat it made 3| 
tons of hay, and with oats lb tons per acre. It is val- 
uable as an improver of the land, making an excellent 
green fallow to plow down for the corn crop. An av- 
erage crop will supply as much nitrogen to the acre 
as a ton of cotton seed meal. 



The work of preparing the land for the wheat and 
winter oat crop should receive attention. Although 
much too early to think of sowing these crops it is 
none too early to begin breaking and preparing the 
land. Experiments made in many different sections 
all emphasize the fact that early plowing and frequent 
and perfect cultivation of the land for a period of six 
weeks or two months before sowing the seed has more 
influence on the yield of the wheat and winter oat crop 
than even the quantity of fertilizer applied to the land. 
Set the plows to work as soon as the land is in good 
plowing order, and plow deeply. Follow with a heavy 
harrow as soon as possible so as to break the furrow 
slices, and thus conserve the moisture and encourage 
the germination of weed seeds. If at all cloddy, roll 
and then harrow again. Eepeat this as often as can 
be conveniently done, and thus get rid of weeds and 
secure a fine compact seed-bed. These are essentials 
to a good wheat crop. 

Do not let weeds seed on your stubble lands or on 
lands which were seeded with grass and clover in the 
fall or spring. Eun the mower over these before the 
weeds are in bloom, and leave the cut weeds for a 
mulch. 



In our last issue we wrote at length on the seeding 



Turnips should be sown this month. They make 
the best bulbs grown in rows two feet six inches 
apart, and thinned out so as to stand eight or ten 
inches apart in the rows. The land should be made 
rich with farm-yard manure and acid phosphate and 
be reduced by frequent cultivation to a fine state of 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



449 



tilth. Two pounds of seed will sow an acre in drills. 
Three or four pounds should be sown broadcast. Keep 
free from weeds and cultivate frequently. We have 
grown twenty tons to the acre, and ten ought easily 
to be grown. 



Rape may be seeded this month for a sheep and hog 
pasture. It is best grown in rows like turnips and 
cultivated once or twice, but will make a fine crop 
sown broadcast. Sow two pounds of seed in rows, or 
three to four pounds broadcast. 



We see the advice given frequently to sow turnips 
(cow- horn turnips) as an improver of land. Do not 
listen to this. It is a fallacy. We have grown hun- 
dreds of acres of turnips but never yet were able to do 
so without first making the land rich with manure 
and always finding that the crop had largely exhausted 
this when harvested. Turnips add nothing to the land 
but what they take from it, and are therefore not im 
provers. 

Do not pull any fodder but cut the corn up at the 
root as soon as the ears are glazed and dented, and set 
in shocks to cnre. Fodder pulling injures the yield of 
grain and leads to the wasting of a large part of the 
crop. Nearly one-half of the nutritive value of the 
corn crop is in the stalk, shuck and blades, and this 
ought all to be saved and fed. 



GRASS SEEDING. 

Each succeeding year brings us more enquiries as to 
how to secure a good stand of grass than the past one, 
a sure indication thai; Southern farmers are at last 
beginning to appreciate that grass and hay is a crop 
in which there is profit to the grower and improve 
ment to the land. This tendency to abandon arable 
for grass land is one that is going to be intensified bj 
existing economic causes. Arable cultivation, espe 
cially in cotton and tobacco crops, demands an abun 
dance of cheap and readily available labor. Whilst 
trade was languishing, and the South had not entered 
the field of commercial activity, this labor was here 
abundant and ready at all times to be commanded at 
low wages. Now conditions have changed and the 
cry is that labor is scarce, unreliable and dear. This is 
affecting farmers seriously, and is going to bring about 
a change in the system of farming. Arable land is 
going to be put down to grass and more live stock be 
kept. This is a change greatly to be desired in the 
interest of farmers themselves and also of our lands. 
No grass country is ever long a poor one. The richest 
agricultural sections in this country and the Old World 
are those in which grass lands are the most extensive 



and there the greatest degree of home comfort is to be 
found. A large farmer said to us a few days ago, " I 
am bound to make a change in my system of farming. 
I will reduce the area of my arable lands, farm them 
more intensively, and thus get a greater yield per acre, 
and put down into permanent grass a large part of my 
farm and keep a much larger head of live stock. 
There is money in stock when rightly bred and fed, 
and but little profit in the production of arable crops 
with the present high rate of wages for labor." He 
was right, and it is going to be profitable for all South - 
em farmers to follow his example. Compare for a 
moment the return made from a crop of corn, or a 
crop of wheat per acre, with that made from a crop of 
hay. The average annual yield of corn in Virginia 
for the last five years has been 19* bushels to the acre. 
The average annual value of that yield for the five 
years has been $8 49 per acre. In North Carolina the 
average annual yield for five years has been 121 bush- 
els per acre. The average annual value of that yield 
for the five years has been $8.61. In South Carolina 
the average annual yield for five years has been 8 
bushels per acre. The annual average value of that yield 
for the five years has been $4.76. The average annual 
yield of wheat in Virginia for the last five years has 
been 11 bushels to the acre. The average annual value 
of that yield for the five years has been $8 53. In 
North Carolina the average annual yield of wheat for 
five years has been 8 bushels per acre. The average 
annual value of that yield has been $7.04. In South 
Carolina the average annual yield has been 8 bushels 
per acre. The average annual value of that yield has 
been #8.87. The average annual yield of hay per acre 
in Virginia for five years has been 1.14 tons, of the 
value of $12 per year. In North Carolina the annual 
average yield of hay per acre has been 1.42 tons, of 
the annual average value of $14.50. In South Caro 
ina the annual average yield of hay per acre has been 
1.30 tons, of the annual average value of $14. When 
account is taken of the labor cost of making these re- 
spective crops, it will at once be seen how much more 
profitable it has been to the producers in those States 
to make hay rather than corn or wheat. But this by 
no means exhausts all that is to be said in favor of 
grass and hay as against these arable crops. When 
the corn and wheat have been harvested, there is left 
a piece of bare and impoverished land, which must 
be again worked at much cost for labor and be again 
enriched before it will produce another crop. When 
the hay has been harvested, there is left a pasture field 
covered with a sod which will feed stock the rest of 
the year and which will conserve the fertility of the 
land and make other crops in other years without 
more than a very slight outlay of cost for labor. Grass 
and live stock is surely to be the sheet anchor of the 



450 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August 



Southern farmer and to lead him into prosperity and 
his lands into fertility, and the sooner he takes hold 
of the business the better it will be for him. The rise 
in the price of labor and its scarcity will prove a bless 
ing in disguise if it quickly and certainly leads to this. 
In the future the Southern farmer must practice a sys 
tern of combined arable and pastoral husbandry under 
which he can make his own home supplies and have 
a surplus of these products for export to add to his 
cotton and tobacco, which should become wholly sur- 
plus crops. To Isucceed in this he must have good 
meadows and pastures, and these he cannot have with 
out proper! preparation and care. The first requisite 
for success is rich land full of vegetable matter ; the 
second is land deeply and! finely broken, so that it can 
hold and retain moisture ; the third is land free from 
weeds ; and the last is that this land shall be seeded 
down with an abundant seeding of mixed grasses of 
types suitable for hay'and for pasture. If these con 
ditions are complied^with, there is no reason whatever 
why every Southern farmer should not have good 
meadows and pastures; but the neglect of any of them, 
is likely to prove'sooner or later fatal to success. 

The cause of most of the failures to secure a good 
stand of grass is'that^the seed is sowed on land not 
sufficiently rich or wellffilled with humus to carry a 
sod. Land that has grown corn or cotton for years is 
seeded with grass|without|more than a slight prepara- 
tion and with little or no plant food supplied. Many 
farmers run away'with the idea that grass is an en 
riching crop, and therefore all that is needed is to get 
a stand and this will* improve of itself year by year. 
This is a fallacy. Grass'is not an enriching crop any 
more than is corn, which is nothing more botanically 
than a gigantic Jgrass. Grass will help to conserve 
fertility when once established by shading the soil, 
preventing washing, and adding vegetable matter to 
the soil ; but in order that it may do this, it must first 
be well established. Let the land selected to be put 
into grass be a field in good fertility. Let it be deeply 
and finely broken this month, and keep on adding to 
its fineness and perfect tilth by harrowing, rolling and 
reharrowing until | the seed bed is as fine as a garden 
bed. This working of the land will, if properly done, 
largely destroy weeds by encouraging their germina 
tion by bringing them to the surface. As they germi- 
nate they should be killed by harrowing in the hot 
sun. Weeds and grass cannot flourish together, and 
the crop to succumb will be the grass. Apply all the 
barn-yard manure that can be spared to the land, and 
let this be well worked in and then apply 400 to 500 
lbs. to the acre of raw bone meal. This may seem a 
heavy and costly dressing, but it should be remem- 
bered that when once the sod is established it can only 
afterwards be enriched by top dressing, and this, whilst 



most helpful, is not calculated to afford that complete 
support for the crop which an admixture of food in 
the whole depth of the soil will do. As a permanent 
fertilizer for grass, raw bone meal is to be preferred to- 
any other. It is slow in its action, but can be relied 
upon to do the work in the long run. When the land 
is in fine order, then sow the grass seeds, and sow them 
alone and not with a grain crop. If grass is wanted, 
do not attempt to grow a grain crop with grass as a 
side line. This practice is not adapted to a hot coun- 
try like the South. It may do — in fact, it does answer 
in a moist climate and on rich land in England ; but 
even there we have made a better stand and more 
permanent sod when grass alone was seeded. Here, 
the chances are strongly against success. The grain 
being a stronger and quicker growing crop, soon 
forges ahead of the grass and robs it of fertility 
and moisture. At harvest time the grass will be 
puny and weakly, and when the grain is cut off the 
hot sun quickly ends its struggle with adverse condi- 
tions. Seeded alone, the grass will make a strong 
growth and be able to resist the heat of the sun, and 
will frequently make quite a good yield of hay the 
first year. Sow the seed in August, or September at 
the latest. This allows the plants to get a good root- 
hold before winter and for the top to become suffi- 
ciently grown to keep out much of the frost, and thus 
prevent heaving of the land and throwing out of the 
plant. Sow broadcast and seed liberally. Three 
bushels of mixed grass seed is not too much to sow 
per acre. Timothy should always be seeded alone — a 
peck or a little more to the acre. Timothy is not a 
pasture grass, and is only fitted to be grown on rich 
low ground. As a feed, it is much overrated, but 
always sells well when clean. We would never grow 
it for feeding on the farm. Italian rye grass makes 
excellent hay, grown either alone or with clover, and 
can be cut two or three times in the season, and also- 
makes a good pasture. It is finer in growth than 
timothy. After grass seed is sown, cover with a light 
harrow and roll. For an upland meadow on medium 
red loam, sow a mixture of orchard grass, tall meadow 
oat grass, perennial rye grass and meadow fescue in 
equal parts, with 2 or 3 lbs. of red or alsike clover ta 
the acre. On a light loam, sow orchard grass, tall 
meadow oat grass, Hungarian brome, and 2 or 3 lbs. 
to the acre of red clover. On moist land or land sub- 
ject to overflow, sow a mixture of red top, perennial 
rye and alsike clover. 



Cauliflowers are being successfully grown in some 
parts of the South. * There is no reason why they should 
not be successfully and profitably grown as a late fall 
and early spring crop. 



1902] 



THE 80UTHBEN PLANTEK. 



451 



tiREEN MANURE. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

That green manuring or plowing under green crops 
is a benefit to most soils, there is not a particle of 
doubt. The testimony is overwhelming, and some of 
it dates back two thousand year?. The ancient Greeks 
and Romans practiced raising crops and plowing them 
under while still green to enrich the land before the 
Christian era, as we learn from the writings of Xeno 
phon, Cato, Pliny, Virgil and others. 

Plowing under a crop of ordinary grass or rye does 
not supply the soil with any ingredient that it did not 
already possess, but the decay of the green crop 
loosens the soil, making it more porous, and the de 
cayed matter called "humus" is more retentive of 
moisture and is quicker warmed and enlivened by 
the sun than the ordinary mineral soils. Plowing 
under leguminous crops like clover and cow- peas, in 
addition to making humus, supply nitrogen, one of 
the most important and costly elements of fertility. 

Among the first modern nations to raise green crops 
to be returned in the soil for manurial purposes, were 
the inhabitants of Flanders (now Belgium), and the 
crops which they chiefly raised for the purpose were 
red clover, spurry and sanfoin. Their soil generally 
consisted of loose, white, porous sand, resembling the 
sandy districts on the coast of New Jersey and Mary- 
land. By plowing under green crops the Flemish 
farmers gradually converted this unproductive land 
into a fertile loam. At first they plowed very shal 
low — not deeper than three or four inches ; but by de 
grees, as the soil became richer with humus, they 
plowed deeper, until at length they secured a deep 
loamy soil upon these once sandy barrens. 

At first, when clover could not be made to grow, 
spurry, a forage plant of the genus spergula, which 
will grow in about six weeks and thrive with less 
moisture than clover, was raised for green manuring. 
Eed clover, as Boon as it could be made to grow, was 
their main reliance, not only to supply fodder for their 
cattle, but to turn under to form humus and obtain 
nitrogen from the atmosphere. "Without clover," 
said Eadcliffe, "no man in Flanders would pretend to 
■call himself a farmer." It was green manuring, a 
a rotation of crops, and keeping as many cattle as 
their farms would support, that gave Flemish farm 
ing, for a long time, pre eminence over that of every 
.other country in Europe. 

Some clover enthusiasts will say here is proof posi- 
tive that clover alone will not only maintain the fer 
tility of the soil, but has power to create a productive 
soil from a tract of barren sand. It should be known 
that the Flemish sand, to a great depth, was stored 
full of the mo3t fertilizing ingredients which had been 



ca9t up by the sea, such as the decomposed flesh of 
fish, oysters, clams, and their pulveiized bones, which 
only needed the addition of humus to retain moisture 
and aid capillary action to make the land as produc - 
tive as the Garden of Eden. Another thing to be 
borne in mind, the Flemish farmers kept large num- 
bers of cattle — one beast for three acres, and some- 
times more — and the manure was carefully saved and 
applied to the land. 

On the other hand, the testimony is equally reliable 
and conclusive, that plowing under green crops, in- 
stead of being a benefit is an injury to some land. 

James Go wan, of Mount Airy, Pa., a well educated, 
practical farmer, declared more than once in the pub 
lie press that plowing under green crops was an injury 
to his land. 

John F. Wolfinger, of Milton, Pa., said, in the 
Agricultural Report for 1864 : "Green clover plowed 
down as a manure, does indeed at times sour the land 
and injure the young wheat crop thereon." 

Joseph Henderson, of Mefflin county, Pa., said, in 
the Agricultural Report for 1850 : "Experience here 
is adverse to turning down green crops as fertilizers, 
and few, I believe, have repeated the experiment. In 
two instances in my immediate neighborhood wherein 
heavy crops were plowed in in full bloom on land of 
excellent quality, the immediate effect at least was 
highly pernicious, as evinced in the almost total 
failure Of the succeeding crop of wheat." 

John S. Kellar, of Schuylkill county, Pa., said, in 
the Agricultural Report for 1883: "Clover, after 
growing up a few years, ought to be turned under 
when fully ripe, with a good plow. Let those who 
advocate the green state do so to their heart's content. 
I have had experience in both the dead ripe and the 
green, and would by no means suffer tha latter to be 
plowed under if I could prevent it." 

T. D. Thatcher, of Massachusetts, says "That on 
wet low lands, the endeavor to make clover a fertilizer 
sufficient to redeem such lands and place them in a 
good condition for corn or wheat, or even for pasture, 
would prove a waste of money and labor." 

George Jackson stated in the Country Gentleman 
that in the fall of 1885 he plowed under a heavy 
growth of clover and drilled in rye ; that the land 
was naturally good and thoroughly underdrained ; 
that the soil was in excellent condition and the seed- 
ing done in the most careful manner, but, strange to 
say, the rye crop proved to be almost a total failure. 
In an adjoining field, the land being precisely of the 
same character, an immense crop of rye was harvested 
yielding over forty bushels to the acre — the only dif- 
ference in the management being that the latter was 
manured from the stables. 

M. B. Sears, of Winthrop, Me., says : "From numer- 



452 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[AugU8t 



ons experiments on my land, I conclude that clover 
should not be plowed in when green, but allowed to 
stand until ripe.'' 

J. A. Curtis, iin the Practical Farmer, relates bis ex 
perience in plowing unde r a heavy growth of clover 
and timothy, and thereby injured his land for two or 
three years afterwards. 

O. W. Blacknall, of North Carolina, relating the 
experience of a neighbor and himself as to the harm 
fulness of green manuring, says : "I have about con 
eluded to turn under no more green crops except 
strawberry fields in unavoidable casts. Then I shall 
use lime phosphate even more liberally than hereto- 
fore — say 1,000 pounds per acre — though much more 
might be better still.'" 

E. H. Allen, in his Farm Book, explains why green 
manuring is a benefit to some soils and not to others, 
by the presence or absence of lime in them. He says : 
"The full benefit of green crops as manure seems only 
to be realized where there is sufficient lime in the soil. 
Calcareous soils, however they may have become ex- 
hausted when put under a thorough course of treat 
ment in which green crops at proper intervals are 
returned to them, are soon restored to fertility." 

Most farmers know that nothing will grow where a 
quantity of rotten apples or cider pomace has been 
plowed under, be the land ever so good, because it 
makes the land too sour. J. W. Tngham. 



CRIMSON CLOVER. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

A soil left bare over winter suffers serious injury, 
not only from danger of washing and other mechani 
cal causes, but also because a large proportion of the 
plant food existing in the soil as a natural condition, 
is lost through seepage, etc. The early spring rains 
are particularly injurious in this respect. Summer 
rains may carry soluble plant food down to depths be 
yond the reach of plants, but the rapid evaporation 
commencing as soon as rain ceases, brings it back to 
the surface soil. In the early spring, evaporation is 
slight, and the soluble plant food taken up by soil 
waters finds its way to the sea by the medium of 
streams and rivers. 

For this reason, though corn is a valuable crop of 
itself, and doubly useful in freeing a soil of weeds, it 
is at a disadvantage because it leaves the soil bare over 
winter. Of course, where a systematic rotation is 
followed, wheat often follows corn, and this is fall- 
sown. Frequently rye is fall- sown merely as a soil 
cover. At best, these leave several weeks bare soil, 
and at a bad time. The best plan is to broadcast 
Crimson clover in the corn as soon as it is laid by. 
By this means, the soil is constantly covered, and by 



a crop that does more than simply protect the soiL 
In fact, the value of Crimson clover as a nitrogens 
gatherer is much greater than is commonly supposed. 
A fair yield will produce per acre in forage, stubble 
and roots, about 150 lbs. of nitrogen, all or, nearly 
all taken from the air. This is worth over $30 simply as- 
manure, and may be considered a gain to that extent. 
It must be kept in mind that this gain is largely in 
addition to the value of the crop as forage and as a 
soil- cover. 

A crop of 70 bushels of corn per acre makes use of 
but a little over 100 lbs. of nitrogenous plant-food, so 
that Crimson clover in corn leaves the soil richer in 
nitrogen than when the corn was planted. It is w«ll 
to note though, that Crimson clover, or any other 
legume for that matter, cannot store up this air nitro 
gen unless it has a very dt finite quantity of potash 
and phosphoric acid to go with it. The corn crop, 
for example, contains besides its 110 lbs. of nitrogen, 
about 80 lbs. of potash and 60 lbs. of phosphoric acid. 
This is just taken from the soil, the very soil that is to 
grow a crop of Crimson clover. Now, while the clover 
will manage its nitrogen without outside help, it can do 
so only if the proper amounts of potash and phosphoric 
acid are present, and in available form. A good crop 
of Crimson clover contains per acre about 150 lbs. of 
nitrogen, 140 lbs. of potash and 45 lbs. of phosphoric 
acid. Without these two latter elements, the crop can- 
not store up the nitrogen. 

In most sections of the country, very little fertilizer 
or manure is used on the corn, especially when grown 
in rotation on a turned under grass sod. As a rule, 
corn suffers from lack of sufficient plant food ; this 
being the case, how much more likely is the clover to 
to suffer, planted as it is when the corn has taken 
from the soil all the plant-food it can reach. On thia 
account, it is generally found in practice that applica- 
tions of the mineral fertilizers ensure the success of 
clover sown in corn. 

Some farmers demur to the cost of fertilizing a crop 
to be turned under as green manure, but this is really 
a measure of economy. The necessary phosphate and 
potash will not cost more than half the worth of the 
nitrogen gained thereby, and both the potash and 
phosphoric acid are largely returned for the next 
crop. The best time to apply these mineral fertilizers 
is in the spring, but almost if not quite as good results- 
may be had by broadcasting in the corn rows as late 
as July, and working in at the last cultivation of the 
crop. 

Crimson clover is used to advantage after many 
crops, such as early potatoes or crops grown for can- 
ning. In growing late potatoes, it is well to put the 
land in Crimson clover the fall before, and plow down 
in May. A crop of 200 bushels of potatoes contains 



1902. J 



THE SOTJTHEEN PLANTEK. 



453 



about 25 lbs. nitrogen, 35 lbs. of potash and 7 lbs. of 
phosphoric acid. Good potato- growers use from 1,000 
to 3,000 lbs. of fertilizer per acre to supply this, cost 
ing from $20 to $60. The nitrogenous portion of this 
required plant food can be supplied by a good crop of 
Crimson clover. The potash and phosphate, however, 
must be supplied either to the Crimson" clover or to 
the potato crop, but these two ingredients represent 
less than one half the total cost of plant- food required. 

M. J. Shelton. 



THE STOLEN CROP. 



GRASS SEEDING. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Our farmers make a great mistake in seeding grasses 
with grain. It is often the cause of a failure to get a 
good stand. The land should be plowed well, not 
later than August, harrowed over several times to 
make it fine. Every time it rains and the land begins 
to crust and put up weeds or grass, drag it again, so 
as to kill every weed you possibly can, and then in 
September drag it again, and while it is fine and fresh 
sow the seed. Timothy, one peck to the acre, and be 
sure to sow a peck of Eed Top at tbes-'ine time, as the 
two will do much better than either one alone. Timo 
thy is always inclined to bunch, and the Eed Top will 
fill up the empty spaces and thus make a much heav- 
ier crop of hay. The two ripen together and make 
most excellent hay. In sowing grass seeds with wheat 
it is apt to be late, and then if you have a good stand 
of wheat when you cut it the sun will be apt to kill the 
grass plants that have become delicate from so much 
shading. 

Grass sown alone in the fall in good time will make 
a crop of hay the nexb summer that will be nice and 
clean, and will on good land pay you better than a 
crop of wheat. 

When you want grass sow it alone. A nurse crop 
does more harm than good, and I don't see that it pajs 
at all ; you will have much cleaner hay without it. 
By preparing early you get rid of many weeds that 
would come in the wheat if sown late. 

Clover, orchard grass, or any of the other grasses, 
can be treated in the same way, only sow them by the 
last of August or in the fiist half of September. 
If the grasses partially fail, sow again in February or 
March, so as to thicken the stand; sow on frozen ground 
early, and without the drag, and they will be sure to 
come. 
Henrico Co., Va. Country. 



Egg plant succeeds to the very best advantage all 
throughout the South, and makes a most delicious 
vegetable. 



Pumpkins — Cucurbita Maxima. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Pumpkins are said to be a stolen crop, because they 
are usually raised among corn without any additional 
labor except planting the seeds, and the seeds may be 
dropped at the same time when planting the corn. 
Some farmers think there is nothing gained by raising 
pumpkins among corn, because they appropriate part 
of the fertility which should go to the corn, and thereby 
lessen the value of the corn more than the worth of 
the pumpkins. This may be true where the land is 
too poor to supply nourishment enough for the corn ; 
but such land should never be planted with corn, east, 
west, north or south, for no matter how thorough the 
tillage may be a paying crop of corn can never be 
raised on poor land unless it is well manured. 

A good, thick sod turned under, or a field well ma- 
nured with stable manure, will produce a good crop 
of pumpkins, and just as much corn as if the pump- 
kins had not been planted. I have always found that 
where they were the largest, the ripest, and lay the 
thickest on the ground, there also was the best corn, 
showing that the two crops are well fitted to grow and 
thrive in harmony with each other, if the land is good 
and well tilled. The pumpkins do not seem to take 
much of the same ingredients from the land that the 
corn requires. 

Some farmers do not succeed in raising a fair crop 
of pumpkins on good land when they try their best, 
and I think the reason is they do not plant seed 
enough. Either the seed is not good, which is fre- 
quently the case, where no pains are taken in saving 
and drying, or the young plants are eaten up by the 
striped cucumber beetles. I plant a seed in every hill 
of corn. Some do not come up, and so many plants 
are destroyed by the beetles there are seldom too 
many left ; but should there be in the seasons when 
the beetles are not out in full force, they are quickly 
pulled. The only valid objection to the stolen crop is 
that the dense growth of vines is considerably in the 
way when cutting up and husking the corn. How- 
ever, I believe this dense growth of vines keep the 
weeds smothered which start up after the cultivation 
ceases. 

A few years ago, our pumpkin vines made such a 
rapid growth that when the corn was cultivated the 
last time they had run clear across the rows, and we 
had to have a boy go ahead and lift the vines and lay 
them out of the way to keep them from being torn out 
by the roots. This was not so much trouble as it may 
seem — an active boy was able to move them and keep 
ahead of the horse. 
Every farmer knows the value of pumpkins when 



454 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August 



fed to stock, and that they are a great addition to the 
meal when fattening beeves ; but some think that when 
fed to cows they do not increase the quantity of milk, 
and one farmer told me they "dried cows up." I 
think the trouble with many i3, that when the crop is 
plentiful, and they fear it will not all be fed out before 
it is injured by rotting, or freezing, they feed their 
cows too large a quantity, causing a great looseness of 
bowels and derangement of the urinary organs. Oar 
practice is to feed each cow twice a day about half a 
bushel of pumpkins cut up into chunks small enough 
to be easily taken into the mouth, putting about four 
quarts of dry meal, or bran on them, and I am certain 
that the pumpkins improve the ration, increase the 
quantity of the milk, and whether they make the milk 
any richer or not, make the butter yellower and give 
it a finer flavor. Pumpkins fed in October will make 
the butter as yellow and as rich flavored as grass in 
June. 

Horses will eat pumpkins greedily without any 
cutting up, though some must have their tastes edu- 
cated by first cutting the pumpkins in small pieces, 
and sprinkling meal- or salt on them. Fed in modera- 
tion, and in addition to oats, or meal, there is no doubt 
they are a cheap and healthful addition to the horses' 
diet, especially where they must be kept up all the 
time and cannot be allowed to run in pasture. 

Horses and cattle fed plentifully on them will drink 
scarcely any water, the j uice of the pumpkins furnish 
ing all the liquid they require. I used to break them 
up and throw them into the pen for my hogs, just as I 
saw my neighbors do, and for a long time had a poor 
opinion of them for hog feed. The hogs would eat 
the seeds, gnawed a little out of the inside, and wasted 
the remainder. I soon learned there was a better way 
of feeding. When cut in small pieces, and sprinkled 
with meal, hogs will eat a good many pumpkins and 
eat them up clean. It pays well for cutting up. Six 
small hogs will eat a bushel of cut pumpkins twice a 
dayy and eat them with an apparent relish. With 
what pumpkins they will eat they can be fattened on 
one half the usual quantity of grain. 

Pumpkins being composed largely of water, some 
agricultural writers have considered them of very lit- 
tle value as food for cattle. The same objection might 
be urged against turnips, and even grass, which as 
everybody knows is the best food in the world for 
graminivorous animals, being much better than hay, 
from which the water has been evaporated. To keep 
well, pumpkins should be gathered before a hard frost 
and stored in a barn basement, or some place where 
they will not freeze before they are fed out. By care 
ful sorting, we have sometimes kept them until Christ 
mas. (Two years ago we kept a large pumpkin in this 
office until May. — Ed.) The vines should be pulled 



loose, and the stems left on, else they will soon com- 
mence rotting where the stems were broken off. 

The cultivation of pumpkias began before the dawn 
of history. They have been raised in the hottest 
regions of Asia and North Africa from the earliest 
ages, and the ancient Romans were familiar with 
them. 

The following was composed by a New England 
ba'ck woodsman about 1639, and is said to be the first 
poetry ever written by an American : 

" If fresh meat be wanting to fill up our dish, 
We have carrots, and pumpkins, and turnips and fish. 
We have pumpkins at morning, and pumpkins at noon, 
If it were not for pumpkins, we should be undone." 

J. W. Ingham. 



THE CHINCH BUG CAHPAIQN. 

The multitude of letters now received daily at the 
Ohio Experiment Station inoieate that the chinch bug 
is threatening immense injury to the corn and oat crops 
of the State, and it is feared that farmers are expecting 
too much of the fungus which the Station is distribu- 
ting. 

In the first place, the amount of this material which 
it is practicable to send out is extremely small, and it 
can only infect a comparatively small number of bugs 
at the best; the infection, moreover, will require four 
or five days, by which time the army of bugs will have 
done great injury. Our advice is, therefore, not to 
wait for the fungus, but to organize a campaign at 
once for the immediate relief of the crop, depending 
upon the fungus to finish the woik by destroying the 
bugs which would otherwise live over winter to men- 
ace the crops next year. 

The chinch bug, though able to fly, prefers to travel 
on the ground, and its migration from wheat to oats 
Or corn may be intercepted by making a V shaped 
trench, as with the corner of a hoe or the outside tooth 
of a cultivator, and pouring in a little coal tar. A 
line of tar an inch across will be sufficient. When a 
crust forms over the tar it must be freshened with a 
new supply. As the bugs enter a cornfield their pro- 
gress may be impeded by frequent cultivation of the 
outside rows of corn, thus burying many of the bugs. 
When they cluster on the stalks of corn they may be 
killed by sprinkling with kerosene emulsion, made as 
follows, and thrown with sufficient force to wash them 
off the corn : 

Kerosene Emulsion. 

Dissolve half a pound of soap in one gallon of water 
and beat to boiling ; remove from the fire, and while 
hot add two gallons of coal oil, churning the mixture 
with a force pump for fifteen minutes or until it re- 
sembles buttermilk. To each quart of this emulsion 
add fifteen quarts of water and apply with spray 
pump or sprinkling pot. 
Experiment Station, 0. Chas. E. Thorne, Director. 

[We hear that the chinch bug is doing much injury 
on the corn in some of the counties of this State. We 
commend the foregoing to the attention of farmers 
suffering. — Ed.] 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



455 



ENQUIRER'S COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of Tfie Southern Planter, 
Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re 
plies to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter. 



Orchard-Grass Seeding. 

1. I wish to sow a piece of high land this fall in 
orchard grass for seed. I cut a crop of wheat from 
this land about July 1st, and have plowed aud seeded 
it to black cow pea. Can I harvest these peas for seed 
in time to sow that grass alone ? 

2. About what time should orchard grass be sown ? 

3. I drilled the peas in rows two feet apart, and in- 
tend to cultivate them. Would it be necessary to re 
plow land before sowing the grass? 

4. Will peas make good hay when drilled in rows 
two feet apart, at the rate of about a bushel to the 
acre ? 

5. Which is the most profitable grass for hay on 
high land — orchard grass or timothy ? 

6 About what time should timothy and clover be 
seeded ? 

7. Does it pay to sow raw bone on grass land at time 
of seeding? 

8. In sowing orchard grass, how would it do to mix 
the seed with fertilizer and sow in drill without the 
hoes — that is, sow the mixture on top without cover 
ing and then roll with a corrugated roller ? 

9. Would there be any loss by leaching of the fer 
tilizer thus sowed ? 

Albemarle Co., Va. D. F. Weldon. 

1. Orchard grass should be seeded in the fall, in 
August, or September at the latest, in order to secure 
a growth that will withstand the winter. If not got 
in then, it may be seeded in March or April, but fall 
seeding is much preferable as being more certain to 
ensure a good stand. Whether your cow- peas will 
sufficiently mature to enable you to harvest them as 
a seed crop by September, depends much on the 
weather. 

2. See above. 

3. No. Cut up with the disc harrow and make a 
fine seed-bed with the spike harrow and roller. 

4. Yes. 

5. Orchard grass. Timothy is not a high land 
grass, though it sometimes makes a fair stand on rich 
land. 

6. In August and September. 

7. Yes. It is an excellent permanent fertilizer for 
grass. 

8. Never mix any kind of seed with an> kind of fer 
tilizer. Most fertilizers are more or less caustic and 
very apt to injure the germinative powers of seed. Sow 
the fertilizer either broadcast or apply with the drill. 
Harrow in and then sow the grass and cover either 
with a light harrow or a bush and roll. Fertilizers 
should alwajs be mixed with the soil to ensure the 
best results. 

9. There will be little or no loss from leaching when 



a crop is growing on the land, and but little loss from 
this cause of phosphoric acid or potash at any time. — 
Ed. 



Mixing Ashes and Fertilizer — Cover Crop. 

1. Is it best to mix ashes and ready mixed fertilizer 
together for wheat and other ci ops, or not ? I have 
noticed when it is mixed it ge's warm right off. Do 
the ashes kill anything in the fertilizer ? We use equal 
parts by measure. 

2. We have some land in peas, and will plant corn 
next year. We mow off the vines. Will the land 
lose anything it has gathered through the peas before 
next crop or not, or would it be better to sow wheat 
after the peas f 

Yadkin Co., N. C. F. W. Evans. 

1. Do not mix the ashes with the fertilizer until 
ready to apply to the land, or better still, apply sepa- 
rately. The lime in the ashes sets free the ammonia 
and reverts the phosphoric acid, and thus causes loss 
of plant food in two ways. 

2. There will be some loss of gathered fertility if no 
crop be growing on the land during the late fall, win- 
ter and early spring months. The best way if the 
land is wanted for corn is to cut the pea stubble with 
the disc harrow and sow a mixture of Crimson clover, 
vetches and winter oats, or wheat, or both. This crop 
will conserve the fertility and make some feed and a 
green fallow for the corn crop. — Ed. 



Fertilizers for Fruit Crops — Borers — Pruning. 

1. Do you favor applying acid phosphate and muri- 
ate potash to strawberries, grapes and peaches in the 
blooming stage ? If I applied in fall or winter or even 
early spring, the hillsides would cause plant- food to 
wash away. Please give proportions for mixture. 
Will plant rye among trees in fall, and turn under 
stubble in spring after cutting. This will follow cow- 
peas. Trees three (3 ; years old. 

2. Do you advise strawberries on drained bottom 
land ? As such land is richer in nitrogenous matter 
than anything else, what proportion of phosphate and 
potash would you apply to make " balanced ration" ? 

3. When would you bank up peach trees to prevent 
the borer moth from laying her eggs on trunk ? How 
high and how long should bank remain ? Does paint- 
ing the trunks with the lye and lime washes prevent 
moth from laying on said trunks? 

4. What do you think of the pine tar and cart grease 
treatment for borers? Give directions for making, 
applying, etc. 

5. What do you know of the crude petroleum and 
water treatment for scale on peach trees ? 

6. Do you approve of fairly heavy top pruning in 
order to get heavy fruit crop — i. e., plants of any age ? 

7. Is there anything against planting sweet potatoes 
among peach trees, not yet in bearing, four feet from 
trees ? 

8. What is the best or improved methods of saving 
sweet potatoes during the winter ? 

9. Is it always best to keep young celery plants cov- 
ered from the hot gun throughout the summer? 



456 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



10. When is the best time to start au Easter Lily 
bulb, to be open on Easter Sundaj ! 

11. What is there against sleeping in a room with 
plants ? 

12. How close should young Arbor Vitse plants be 
set to make close hedges ? 

13. At what stage of growth in the plant is the pol 
len formed ? 

Macon Co., Ala. F. H. Cardozo. 

1. No. Neither acid phosphate nor potash are im 
mediately available as plant- food as is nitrate of soda. 
They require to be mixed with the soil and there un 
dergo chemical changes before becoming available, 
and this process takes time, and hence, if applied when 
the plants are in bloom and calling for food, are not 
capable of giviug the needed help. If the hillsides are 
broken deeply very little of the fertilizer will be lost. 
It will not leach out of the soil, and the deep breaking 
will prevent washing. Acid phosphate 300 pounds, 
and muriate of potash 50 pounds to the acre. 

2. Yes. Acid phosphate 300 pounds to the acre, 
muriate of potash 50 pounds. 

3 and 4. The borer beetle, which lays the eggs from 
which the borers hatch, makes its appearance late in 
spring or early in summer, and the trees should be 
banked up before this time to be protected. None of 
the washes or applications of tar and grease, etc., are 
effectual in preventing damage. They may have some 
deterrent effect. Banking up to a height of a foot or 
eighteen inches is the best protector. The banks may 
be thrown down in the summer. 

5. See the article on San Jose Scale in the June 
issue. 

6. The nature of the tree and its manner of growth 
must largely determine the pruning needed. Some 
trees make but little growth, and hence require but 
little pruning. Speaking generally, pruning is only 
required on most fruit trees to cat away interfering 
or interlacing branches, or to open out the head. 

7. No. But it should not be continued after the 
trees have grown sufficiently to occupy the ground. 

8. We will deal with this question in an article later 
in the year. 

9. Yes, they are better shaded from the scorching 
sun until the early fall. 

10. This depends on the warmth of the house in 
which the bulb is being grown and the vigor of its 
growth. Usually from six weeks to two months before 
Easter Day the bulb should be started, and be pushed 
or retarded as conditions of growth warrant. 

11. Nothing, except as the plants give off odors or 
scents that may be offensive or injurious. Plants take 
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during sunlight, 
and do not give off anything but oxygen, which is not 
deleterious to health. 

12. A foot apart. 

13. At the full blooming stage. — Ed. 



Mixing Fertilizer. 

Will you please give me some information through 
your valuable paper in regard to mixing fertilizer. 

I have a sixteen per cent, acid fertilizer which I am 
going to use on buckwheat, also have some ashes 
made from spent bark from a steam tannery. What 
I want to know is will it affect the elements in either 
fertilizer or ashes to mix them together two or three 
days before using them, or should they only be mixed 
as they are used? To experiment a little, I mixed 
about one peck of each together, and while I was mix- 
ing them they became warm, and the acid fertilizer 
lost the smell it had before it was mixed. 

I came to the conclusion I would only mix them as- 
I used them ; so that if anything was lost that the 
earth would likely catch it. 

Will it pay me to haul the ashes fourteen miles, 
paying $1 50 per ton for them while delivering bark- 
The ashes are made from the spent bark, the bark be- 
ing chestnut and oak and what elements of plant food 
are in them. 

I forgot to say that after the ashes and acid were 
mixed two or three hours you could hardly taste the 
acid, and it became rather hard and cakey. 

Roanoke, Co., Va. J. W. Damewood. 

Wood ashes, which the spent bark ashes will most 
nearly correspond with in analysis, contain so large 
a percentage of lime that it is not wise to mix them 
with other fertilizers until just before using them. 
The lime drives off ammonia and reverts the phosr 
phoric acid, making it less available as a fertilizer. 

Without an analysis of the spent bark ashes, we 
could not say what they are worth. We do not know 
what the bark is treated with in the tan vats. It may 
be that more than the tannic acid is extracted. Send a 
sample to the Department of Agriculture and ask to 
have it analyzed, and then the value can be fixed. 
It is probable that there is little of value in them ex- 
cept the lime — Ed. 

Seeding Clover — Improving Land. 

1. When should Red clover seed be sown on real 
clay or putty like soil, to get the best results 1 

3. I have a garden spot of such soil, and want the 
quickest and best manner of making it loose and light. 
After each rain it runs together and gets so hard that 
it will not germinate seed in dry weather. 

Smyth Co., Va. E. Robinson. 

1. We always advise the sowing of Red clover in 
the fall, in August or September. The land should 
be well prepared, and a fine seed-bed be made. This 
permits of the plant making good root- growth in the 
cool, fall months, and this enables it to withstand the 
cold. The top growth of the plant also keeps out the 
frost from the land, and thus prevents it being thrown 
out. If the fall seeding fails to stand sow again in 
February or March. In seeding in the spring, many 
advise sowing on the frozen ground, leaving the cover- 
ing to be done by the thawing out of the land. We 
do not greatly approve this plan, as we do not think 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



457 



* 



that sufficient cover is got for the seed, and the young 
plants are very "apt to be killed by frost or a hot spell 
of weather. More clover stands are lost from not 
sufficiently covering the seed than from too deep 
covering. We always harrowed onr clover seed in, 
and rarely failed to make a good catch. 

2. This piece of land wants humus in the soil. 
Grow peas on it and plow down when nearly mature, or 
give it a heavy dressing of farm yard manure with 
plenty of straw in it and plow down, and then seed to 
Crimson clover or vetches for a winter cover, and 
plow these down in spring and seed to peas to be 
plowed down in the fall. — Ed. 



Poultry Raising. 

I wish to try poultry raising for profit, commencing 
about 1st of January, on small scale. I wish to feed 
them entirely from the products of the farm, as I live 
considerable distance from market, where I could buy 
bone or meat scraps, such as are recommended for 
poultry. Please tell me what to raise to feed on. Is 
there any feed I can raise this fall ? How to build 
house, say, for fifty hens ? How many males to keep! 
I have plenty of land for them to run on. I wish to 
raise two hundred early chickens for maiket. These 
and the mother hens I wish to keep in an enclosed 
lot to protect them from hawks, etc. How large 
should this lot be and what buildings for same, and 
how arranged? Any information will be thankfully 
received. I shall not use incubator first season. 

Lunenburg Co., Va. Wm. A. Inge. 

It is too late in the season now to plant any crop 
upon which to feed your fowls in the coming winter 
and spring. The best you can do will be to sow an 
acre 6r two in Crimson clover and winter oats or 
wheat to make a green pasture for them in the winter 
and spring. Sow also a patch of turnips and kale. 
These will be found useful to feed in winter. Next 
year grow wheat, corn and cow- peas to feed. The 
cow- peas can be made largely to supply the protein 
food needed to balance the carbohydrates in the corn 
and wheat. They also largely will take the place of 
meat scraps, but still some animal food will be needed 
if the hens are to do well. You can buy dried meat 
scrap in bags, which will not be found too costly to 
pay well for its use. As you have plenty of land upon 
which the hens can run, all you need will be a roosting 
house or houses. Do not keep more than fifty hens in 
one house. A house fifteen feet square and eeven feet 
high will be ample for a roosting and laying house for 
this number of hens. Keep one male bird for each 
ten or twelve hens. Instead of making one enclosed 
chicken pen for two hundred chickens, make four pens 
for fifty chickens each. They will be much more cer 
tain to keep healthy and thrive quickly thus divided 
than running altogether. Make the pens fifty feet 
square, and in each pen have a roosting house ten feet 
square. — Ed. 



Planting Cow-Peas in the Cotton Field. 

A correspondent commenting on our advice to sow 
cow-peas in the cotton field when cultivating the last 
time, says that we make a mistake in so advising, as the 
peas will interfere with the picking of the crop. We 
differ from our friend. Theie is no reason whatever 
why the peas should any more interfere with the pick- 
ing of cotton than they interfere with gathering a 
corn crop. In rows four feet apart, there is plenty of 
room to plant a row of cow- peas in the middles of 
each row, and yet leave enough room for the pickers 
to work without treading down the peas. Plant a 
bush variety rather than one growing long trailing 
vines, and no trouble will be caused by the vines run- 
ning on the cotton. the importance of securing 
humus in the soil which the peas vines will furnish, 
is infinitely greater than any little trouble which the 
vines may cause to the pickers. Even though the 
pickers should tread down the peas, not much harm 
will be done, for at the time when the cotton is ready 
for picking the peas will have made their growth, and 
they will serve as good a purpose trodden down on the 
ground almost as though allowed to stand and be 
later trodden down by the stock. The main object of 
the planting advised is to secure vegetable matter to 
add to the soil. This is the great need of the cotton 
fields.— Ed. 



Crop for Spring Fallow. 

I have some high land, partly clay and sand, off 
which I have just cut a poor crop of wheat, previous 
crop to this tobacco In cultivating this land, it was 
worked too wet. The land is now almost free from 
any growth. What do you think of a crop of winter 
oats on it as a green fallow for next spring, as I can't 
afford to put bone or peas on it just now? 

Amherst, Va. C. W. Marks. 

We would advise sowing a mixture of Crimson 
clover, wheat and oats, rather than oats alone. Sow 
ten pounds of Crimson clover and half a bushel of 
wheat and winter oats mixed in equal parts to the 
acre. This will give you a good winter cover and 
spring grazing, and make a better fallow to turn 
under. — Ed. 



Alfalfa Seed. 

Will you kindly give me directions through your 
oolumns as to the best way to save alfalfa seed. Is it 
saved in the same manner as Red clover ? 

Westmoreland Co., Va. W. H. Calhoun, Jr. 

Yes, we believe so, Personally, we have never 
grown the crop for the seed, and therefore, have no 
practical knowledge on the subject, nor can we, just 
at this time, put our hands on any article dealing with 
the question. We will try to get the information and 
publish later. — Ed. 



458 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August 



Preparing Pea Fallow for Wheat 

I have been a subscriber since the first of the year, 
and think the Planter the best agricultural paper I 
ever saw. Each issue is worth the money charged for 
one year. Will you please answer the following ques 
tions in your next issue f 

I have a nine acre field, six acres of which aie sowed 
in cow peas broadcast, the other three planted in peas 
and cultivated. Land was well plowed and peas sowed 
first of June. I intend to cut all of it for hay. I want 
to sow this field in wheat this fall. It produced 14 
bushels per acre two years ago, rested one year. 
Should this land be plowed again or cut with disc har- 
row? 

How much fertilizer should I use and what analysis ? 

Davidson Co., JV. C. H. J. 0. 

There will be no necessity whatever to plow this 
land again before seeding in wheat. Cat it up well 
with the disc harrow and then harrow into the drag 
harrow until a fine seed bed five or six inches deep is 
secured, and sow the wheat. Wheat requires a firm 
and well compacted subsoil, yet one with which the 
roots can penetrate, and this condition you will have 
secured by having plowed well for the pea crop. 

In our next issue you will find an article dealing with 
the question of the fertilizer to use in seeding wheat. 

Thanks for you compliment. — Ed. 



Alfalfa. 

I have a field of Alfalfa clover that was seeded 
in April, came up and have a fine stand ; before 
the rain the clover got five to eight inches high, as 
good a stand as I ever saw, but turned yellow and has 
not grown since the rain. At present the weeds are 
about to take it. What can I do to save the clover 
and check the weeds ? W. M. Parker. 

Henry Co., Va. 

Mow the alfalfa at once, not cutting it too close to the 
ground, practically little more than topping. This 
should be repeated two or three times during the first 
year of growth. Rake up the mown clover and carry 
to the barn as soon as dry enough. Those growing 
alfalfa should realize that it is of absolute importance to 
cut and carry the crop off the ground before it blooms 
and seeds, if the stand is to be a permanent one. If 
allowed to stand unmown until the bloom is past, the 
plants will die out. Or if the cut crop is allowed to 
remain in continuous wet weather on the ground it 
will cause the crowns of the plants to rot, and thus 
destroy the stand. — Ed. 



Sick Sow — Blind Horses. 

I have a sow, about a year old, running with pigs up 
to a couple of weeks ago, when she came up one night 
with one ear hanging down and head sagging to one 
side, and so dizzy apparently as to be scarcely ableto 
walk, falling down occasionally. 

I shut her up and fed on ship stuff principally, giv- 
ing cholera remedy, recommended in Farmers' Bulle 
tin No. 24. Though it didn't seem to be cholera, ap- 
peared rather an affection of the head. 

She has eaten well at all times, but does not seem 
much better, though she does not stagger so much as 
at first. 

Hogs appear to be troubled here frequently in this 
way, and it is attributed to eating berries. Kindly 
tell me what to do. 

Is there any known reason for horses getting blind 
in this section ? I never saw so many blind horses as 
there are in Virginia, all kinds and conditions appar 
ently going blind with startling frequency. 

Surry Co., Va. J. A. Moore. 

The sow, we think, suffers from some form of 
poison, probably taken in the pasture from eating 
some plant or berrie?. We would give her a purga 
tive in her slop, either Epsom salts or flaxseed oil. 
Peed lightly and keep her out of the hot sun. 

We had not noticed the prevalence of blind horses, 
nor have we had complaint of it. In some sections, 
Pink eye, a form of ophthalmia is prevalent now and 
again, and horses attacked with it are apt to loose 
the sight of one or both eyes. — Ed. 



Blight in Apple Trees. 

In answer to an inquiry of W. W. Allen, of Sussex 
county, in July number, page 405, the blight so called 
is due to the work of the Aphis. A web will be no- 
ticed which encloses the whole affected part. Remedy 
is found in the following when applied with a good 
compressed air sprayer, costing $5. White wash 10 gal- 
lons, kerosene 1 gallon, which will destroy the crea- 
tures. Should be applied with much force, so as to 
penetrate the nest. 

Cumberland Co., Va. H. N. D. Parker. 

The description given of the disease or blight of 
which our correspondent complained appears to us in 
dicative of a clear case of twig blight, which is a spore 
disease and not induced by insects of any kind except 
in so far as it is believed to be disseminated largely by 
insects carrying the spores from one twig to another. 
The remedy we gave is the best known to tree pathol 
ogists. Kerosene as a spray on trees requires to be 
used with great discrimination and care, as indicated 
in an article in our June issue on San Jose scale, or 
serious damage may be done. Kerosene emulsion pre- 
pared as directed in our March issue is a very proper 
remedy for aphis, lice and sucking insects. — Ed. 

Milch Cow. 

Please be so kind as to let me know through your 
valued columns, if a cow with her first calf is not 
milked, but made to raise two calves, will she make 
as good a milch cow as she would if well milked. 

Rockingham Co., N. C. W. B. Williamson. 

No. There are two conditions essential to the mak- 
ing of a good milch cow. First, that she should be 
milked at regular intervals and at the same time 
each day ; and next, that at each milking she should 
be milked perfectly dry. Neither of these conditions 
can be complied with whilst suckling calves. — Ed. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER . 



459 



Angora Goats. 

Will yon or some of your readers please answer the 
following questions : 

1st. What prices do Angora goats command on the 
market as meat? 

2d. How many kids do they have a year ? 

3d. How much hair or wool do they shear, and 
value ? 

4th. Will they do well in this section in woods and 
meadow pasture of 1,500 acres ? 

5th. To what extent do they interfere with cows in 
same pasture ? 

6th. Will a good tight four strand barb wire fence 
hold them ? 

7th. Will they defend themselves against sheep-kill- 
ing dogs ? 

8th. Where would be the best place to buy about 50 
grades and registered bucks ? 

9th. How many bucks would be required for a flock 
of 50 females ? 

10th. Do they fight each other like the common 
goat ? 

Warren Co., N. C. W. A. Donnell. 

If the enquirer will refer to our June and July is 
sues of this year he will find articles on the subject of 
Angora goats which will give him the information he 
asks for. See our advertising columns for goats for 
sale.— Ed. 



Squabs. 

Is there any calls for pigeons near Richmond ? I 
have always wanted to raise them, but havn't had 
time before. If there is any possibility of my selling 
squabs or pigeons, for eating or raising, please tell me, 
and what breeds would be best ? 

Where could I get them, and what would they cost? 

We take the Planter, but I wish you would write 
everything out in full. 

Chesterfield Co., Va. Lucy Adelaide Prindle. 

Squabs are always salable i» the markets of this city, 
and are largely shipped from some sections of the State 
to Washington and the Northern markets. The best 
breeds for squab breeding are the Homers or the old- 
fashioned Blue Rocks. Advertise in the Planter and 
you will soon have plenty offered. Breeders some- 
times advertise them through our columns and more 
might do so with advantage to themselves. We do 
not understand the complaint of our not " writing 
everything out in full." We are careful as far as 
we can to give every information in our power in 
good plain English and so fully that none can fail to 
understand. — Ed. 



vfr at last working, which will be in about ten days? 
The soil is of a coarse sandy nature of medium grade, 
southern exposure, and very thirsty. I want to use 
this same land for corn two years hence. What is the 
best time to sow rye for grazing ? 
Albemarle Co., Va. W. R. Fox. 

Sow five pounds Crimson Clover, five pounds of red 
clover, and half a bushel of orchard grass and Tall 
Meadow oat grass in equal parts per acre. This should 
give you both spring and summer grazing. Rye may 
be sown for grazing at any time from September to 
December. — Ed. 



Pea-Vine Hay. 

I have about 50 bushels of stock peas sown for hay. 
Please inform me the best way to save the hay. 

1st. At what stage of growth must they be cut? 

2d. How long should they lay on ground before 
hauling ? 

3d. Would it not be best to salt them as housed ? 

4th. Would it be a good plan in housing them to 
make a layer of vines and then a layer of wheat straw 
until the house is filled. By this plan I think vines 
might be housed from one day sun. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va. A Subscriber. 

1. Cut when the first pods are beginning to turn- 
yellow. 

2. This depends altogether on the weather. Let 
them lay as cut until thoroughly wilted, then rake 
into windrows and allow to remain until partially 
cured, then put up into small cocks and allow to cure 
out. Before taking into the barn throw the cocks 
over and allow the sun and wind to dry off all damp- 
ness. 

3. We have never used salt upon pea vine3 nor do 
we think it advisable. We do not approve of its use 
on hay of any kind unless it is badly spoiled by the 
weather, when a slight salting may make the hay more 
palatable. 

4. The use of straw in layers between the pea vines 
will allow of their being housed with much more mois- 
ture in them than if stacked alone, and is to be com- 
mended when the season is showery. — Ed. 



Seeding for Pasture. 

I have recently become a reader of your fine paper, 
and see that you are helping the farmers of our State 
to solve many difficult questions of farming. I have 
a small field of cow peas planted in drills for cultiva- 
tion that I will use for pasturing hogs and cows this 
fall. Next year I want to use same field for pasture 
after June 1st. Will you advise me what will make 
best pasture? Would it be advisable to sow red clo 



Alfalfa. 



I sowed a crop of alfalfa in the late spring. It is 
now up about one and a quarter inches. Won't you 
please tell me if it will be better to drag it over this 
fall and re sow or let it alone ? People around this 
section say that alfalfa won't do at all well, and I am 
experimenting for my own knowledge. 

Fairfax Co., Va. Experimenting Farmer. 

This depends upon the growth the crop makes du- 
ring the summer. Run the mower over it as soon as 
it is tall enough and repeat later. This will encour- 
age a branching growth. If, in August or Septem- 
ber, the stand is thin, run a harrow over it and re- 
seed and roll. — Ed. 



460 



THE dOUTHEBN PLANTER. 



[August 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The crops of spring planted vegetables and fruits 
should be harvested and marketed or stored for use as 
they mature. In handling them be careful not to bruise 
or damage them any more than possible, as each bruised 
place becomes the starting point of rot and decay. 
Especially is it necessary to exercise care in handling 
products which are to be stored for winter use. Use 
care in sorting out all damaged products, and let these 
be used at once, either for the table or for stock. 
Nothing but the soundest and most perfect products 
should be stored. Before storing in bulk all roots and 
bulbs should be thoroughly dried and cooled. Onions 
should be pulled as soon as the tops die down, and be 
left an hour or two on the ground to dry, and then be 
stored on slatted shelves in a cool, airy shed to thor 
oughly dry. When dry trim off the tops and roots 
and ship to market or store in a cool, dry place. 



Cabbages for fall cutting should be set out from the 
seed bed this month, and should be put into rich 
ground, and their growth hastened as much as possible 
by frequent cultivation, and the application of nitrate 
of soda as a top dressing. Apply 100 pounds to the 
acre, sowed down each side of the rows. If worms 
trouble them dust with a mixture of air slaked 
lime and salt, when moist with dew or rain, or they 
may be sprayed with kerosene emulsion. Paris green 
may be used when the plants are small and before 
they begin to head, but we advise caution in the use 
of this poison on vegetables. Hot water (130° P.) will 
kill the worms and not hurt the cabbage. 



Broccoli plants should be set out. Treat like cab 
bages. The heads will be ready for cutting in the late 
fall. They are as fine eating as cauliflowers. 



Kale and fall spinach may be seeded at the end of 
the month. 



English peas and snap beans may be sown for a fall 
crop. These are uncertain as to yield, but if the fall 
be mild, and there be sufficient rain to cause them to 
make a quick growth, they often make a nice crop 
which is of ready sale and always acceptable on the 
home table. 



In our last issue we wrote fully on the second and 
late crops of Irish potatoes, and to this we refer our 
readers. 



Celery plants should be set out from the seed bed. 
In our June issue will be found an article dealing fully 
with this crop. 



Land should be prepared for planting strawberries. 
Plow deeply and break finely and encourage the ger- 
mination of weeds, which should be killed by harrow- 
ing in the hot sun. Weeds are great hindrances 
to successful strawberry growing, and every means 
should be taken to get rid of them before planting. 
Fertilize the land liberally with well rotted farm yard 
manure, and supplement with acid phosphate and 
kainit. Potash is especially useful as a fertilizer on 
strawberry beds. It will be early enough in Septem- 
ber to set out the plants. 



All land not wanted for other crops, should be sown 
down with Crimson clover and wheat or oats to con- 
serve the fertility. 



Cultivation should cease in the orchard, so as not to 
encourage further growth of new wood. The object 
to be aimed at now is to secure the ripening of the 
wood. 



FERTILIZING THE ORCHARD. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I have an apple orchard on my place about ten years 
old, but have never gotten a full crop of apples, the 
majority of the trees never bearing at all. Will you 
suggest in your next issue something to help to make 
them fruit bearing. 

Prince Edward Co., Va. P. N. Watkins. 

Without knowing more about the general condition 
of this orchard and its treatment in the past, it is 
difficult for us to suggest with anything of certainty 
what is needed. It may be that the trees need more 
feeding than they have been getttng, or they may be 
growing too much wood, or the cause may be want of 
drainage. Possibly the orchard has had little atten- 
tion given it in the way of cultivation, or it may be 
that other crops have been grown amongst the trees, 
thus robbing it of what it needed. An orchard ten 
years old should have no other crops grown in it, ex- 
cept as food crops for the trees, and should receive 
help in the way of cultivation and fertility every year. 
We would advise that the land be at once plowed 
and receive an application of 300 pounds of acid 
phosphate and 100 ponnds of muriate of potash 
to the acre, and that it be then sown down in 
Crimson clover and wheat or winter oats — 10 lbs. of 
Crimson clover and half a bushel of wheat or oats, or 
both mixed, to the acre. This crop should be plowed 
down about May next, and the orchard be then culti- 
vated every ten days until July, and then the same 
treatment be again followed. This should result in 
inducing vigorous and healthy growth and the setting 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



461 



of fruit buds. If the trees are already making vigor 

ous growth, then the foregoing treatment is not needed ; 

bnt instead of the clover and fertilizer, only the potash 

-* and phosphate should be applied, as these two ele 

ments tend to the development of sound woody matter 

and fruiting' buds. A writer in onr last February 

issue advised that in the case of a vigorous, healthy 

orchard not bearing, the proper course was to check 

the growth of the trees when growing — that is to say, 

to practice summer instead of fall pruning. This he 

would do by cutting off tie ends of many of the 

branches in July or August, when in full leaf, or re 

move a ring of bark on half the limbs just above the 

body about the eighth of an inch wide. In these sug 

gestions he was supported by a practical fruit grower 

in a later issue. First be certain that your frees have 

plenty of food at hand. Their condition of growth 

will indicate whether this be the case. If thrifty in 

growth, then try the two last suggested remedies.— Ed 



LONGEVITY OF PEACH TREE— LATE IRISH 
POTATOES— FALL CABBAGE— CELERY. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Dr. Jno. H. Green, who has lived in the county of 
Franklin for seventy -five years, recently told me of the 
vitality of a peach tree which, to his certain knowl- 
edge now exists, and has been a healthy bearing tree 
for the last sixty years. The tree is on the slope of 
Chestnut Mountain, about fifteen miles from Eocky 
Mount. It has survived many consecutive orchards 
around its present location. He says there has been 
around that tree a large rock-pile during its whole ex- 
istence. This may account for its remarkable dura 
tion. 



I am trying the cold storage potato, planted the 26th 
of Jane ; only one rain, yet they are up fine, about 
three or four inches high. I am keepipg the ground 
well pulverized, and they seem to enjoy the treatment. 
I shall sprinkle plaster early in the morning, and will 
try a treatment of nitrate of soda. Please let me Tcnow 
what quantity to administer ; also what price it can be ob 
tained at in your city. 

I am also trying the late cabbage plan suggested in 
your July number. My plants are just up and look- 
ing fine, ten feet from yard pump. I have never been 
able to raise late cabbage. I am inclined to attribute 
failure to too early sowing of seed ; will report success. 

I am also testing the celery plan suggested by Mr. 
Alfred P. Edge, of Harford county, Maryland. Shall 
set plants in a few days. My plot is well prepared, 
ground rich, a fine tilth, and near water. Shall give 
you the result of my experience. 

Eocky Mount, Va. G. W. B. Hall. 

Apply from 75 to 100 pounds of nitrate per acre. 
The last price we have is $50 to $60 per ton. — Ed. 



THE IMPERFECT DISTRIBUTION OF THE 
STRAWBERRY CROP OF THE COUNTRY. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

The value of the strawberry crop of the United 
States is something enormous. It has been estimated 
at $100,000,000 annually. 

A large part of this is consumed by the producers. 
Still an immense quantity is grown for sale and ship- 
ped to markets far and near. There is much conges- 
tion of the strawberry crop on the great markets. Far 
too large a proportion of the crop goes to these mar- 
kets and too little to the smaller markets. The result 
is in the aggregate an immense loss to the grower. 

This could be avoided by better distribution. The 
fruit shipping associations are doing much good in 
this line. They keep in daily touch with the chlei 
markets of the country and distribute the shipments 
of their members in such a way that none of these 
markets shall be glutted and none left bare. 

Nevertheless, this mode, effective as it is within cer- 
tain limits, reaches only the markets of the compara- 
tively large places. The numberless small towns of 
the country are supplied at hap hazard if at all. Many 
of these are more or less adequately supplied by local 
growers. The majority of them, if supplied at all, re- 
ceive reshipments of berries from the large markets. 
Such fruit is always more or less stale and scarcely 
ever in a condition to encourage the sale and use of 
the strawberry, which when ripe and fresh is the most 
delicious and wholesome of fruits. 

Of course the growers in the great strawberry dis- 
tricts where hundreds or thousands of acres are plant- 
ed must dispose of their product by consignment to 
the great markets. But many growers are not so sit- 
uated. They are scattered about through the different 
States with various villages and towns near at hand. 
These villages and towns are actually or potentially 
large consumers of berries. The demand either exists 
or can be created. It will pay berry growers well to 
cater to this trade and do their utmost to promote its 
growth. 

Such markets as these being rarely glutted, prices 
are almost sure to be better than in the larger markets. 
Then freight, commission, and crates are saved, as a 
grower usually delivers and sells his own berries and 
gets back most of the crates. Another great advan- 
tage of this mode of selling is that first-class fruit and 
first class handling tells so much more than on the 
large markets where the identity of one's shipment is 
swallowed up in the great aggregate of berries from all 
quarters. 

Selling near home, either in person or by means of 
an employee, a grower can build up a regular line of 
customers which he can hold year after year as long 



462 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



as he gives satisfaction. Some customers will, of course, 
buy from the cheapest man, but the majority prefer to 
deal with the most reliable one. People are fastidious 
about their fruit far more so than about their bread 
or meat. Fruit should please the eye as" well as the 
palate. The aesthetic element has more or less to do 
with its sale. People buy it largely because it is pretty 
and fragrant. Stale fruit that has lost its color and 
fragrance has small attraction for them. They are not 
only willing to pay more for ripe, fresh fruit, but they 
consume more of it. A line of custom built up for 
fruit is of course available for other products at all 
seasons. 

In my time I have seen some notable instances of 
what a diligent and industrious man may accomplish 
in this line. I have known men who failed in general 
farming, or rather were conducting it at a loss, to grad- 
ually devote a part of their farm to fruit growing, re- 
cover themselves and make money. Such men pro- 
ceeded with judgment, enlarging their acreage as their 
experience and knowledge grew. 

The capacity of even one very fertile, perfectly cul 
tivated acre to produce strawberries is almost incredi 
ble. I have known small, specially favored plants to 
bear at the rate of 20,000 quarts to the acre. This, it 
is hardly necessary to say, was under very excellent 
conditions. No such yield could be depended on even 
with the richest soil and best cultivation. But 5,000 
quarts to the acre is easily within the range of the 
probable. A man with even one acre of such berries 
needs only a fair market to clear a good deal of money 
therefrom. Even at 5 cents a quart his profit would 
be large. 

But let him not be too eager to make it all. Let 
him make it all if he can, but let him proceed about it 
with wisdom. Let him expand gradually, paying as 
he goes, and remembering that the race is not always 
to the swift but oftenest to the diligent and persistent. 
A hare once pitted herself against a tortoise and got 
beat. If the records were more complete we would 
doubtless find that more hares have been beaten by 
the tortoises than we ever dreamed of. 

Kittrell, N. 0. O. W. Blacknall. 



GRAPE ROT PREVENTION. 

The Ohio Experiment Station has already called at- 
tention to the method of grape rot prevention by 
spraying, and to Soda Bordeaux mixture as well as to 
the source where caustic soda may be obtained for 
making the Soda Bordeaux mixture. These press bul- 
letins will be sent to those who apply. 

Warning is now given that spraying at six day in- 
tervals is imperative while weather is so favorable for 
grape rot ; also, that it is no longer safe to use the 
regular Bordeaux mixture except perhaps once on Ca- 
tawba grapes. Upon Concords, and other varieties 



ripening with the Concords or earlier, ammoniacall 
copper carbonate or Soda Boideaux mixture, prefera- 
bly the latter, should be substituted, since the ordi- 
nary Bordeaux mixture will coat the grapes too much. 

Grape growers are urged to substitute one of the last 
named sprays, by preference the Soda mixture, and to- 
persist in the spraying until August 15 ; upon Cataw- 
bas one application should be made after that date. 

Experiment Station, O. A. D. Selby, Botanist. 



RED CLOVER A PAYING CROP. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

On April 13th, 1901, I sowed a half bushel of Red 
Clover seed on a piece of wheat. I expected to have 
run a harrow over the land, but it commenced raining 
while I was sowing the seed, and continued wet for 
four or five days, and by that time the seed sprouted 
and came up, so the harrow was not used. Nothing 
was done to the clover until mowing season this year. 
On June 3d I advertised the clover for sale just as it 
stood. In two weeks' time I had sold $35 worth. I 
mowed the remainder, which made four two horse 
loads, feeding four horses six weeks, which I valued 
at six dollars per load, making $24 worth mowed. 
Taking off two dollars for mowing, three dollars and 
twenty five cents for seed and sowing, I realized fifty- 
three dollars and seventy five cents from the crop. I 
raised this clover on land that only cost me five dol- 
lars per acre. No fertilizers used except on tobacco- 
in 1900. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va. W. P. Dix. 



UTILIZING CORN-STALKS. 

The National Fibre and Cellulose Company, re- 
cently incorporated in Delaware, with a capital of 
$10,000,000, proposes to organize and equip several 
large plants for depithing corn stalks. The promoters 
claim there can be as much economy in the working 
up of corn- stalks into profitable material as there is in 
using up cotton seed. The difficulty of separating the 
hard shell of the corn stalk from its pith has been 
overcome by certain machines, which the Company 
controls. It is proposed to establish plants in the 
corn belt within easy access to farmers. 

Experienced paper and box makers have examined 
samples of paper and paper- box board made wholly 
from the shell of the corn-stalk, and also that made 
from the pith and shell, and have pronounced them 
satisfactory. The pith of the stalk is also valuable for 
preparing cellulose, gun cotton, smokeless powder, 
and other products. Material for covering floors, 
making panels, and other furnishing for interior deco- 
rative purposes, can also be made from the product 
at a moderate cost. The Marsden Company, capital- 
ized at $50,000,000, was the pioner in this industry, 
but has not made the expected financial success of it, 
though it still hopes to do so. — Am. Agriculturist. 



Mention the Planter to your friends. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN FLATTER 



463 



Live Stock and Dairy. 




Golden Lad"s Successor. 



JERSEYS AT BILTMORE, N. C. 

Golden Lad's Successor, A. J. C. C. 53960, Sweep 
stakes bull at the Pan- American, also first aged bull, 
special for best Jersey bull any herd and Gold Medal. 
The winner of twenty-nine first prizes and sweep 
stakes, and headed eleven first prize herds at the lead 
ing State Fairs for the last three years. 

Sire Great Scot, a son of Golden Lad ; Dam Golden 
Ora (the best daughter of Golden Lad), winner of fif- 
teen firsts, two seconds, and eight first prize herds for 
Biltmore farms. She has a butter test of 16 lbs 1£ 
oz. from 260 pounds of milk in seven days, and for 
thirty days (five months after calving) 1196 pourds of 
milk testing, by Babcock, 87. 21 pounds of butter. 

Born and raised on Biltmore farms, he is at the head 
of the noted Jersey herd, and the quality of his young 
heifers now coming on promise that he will make his 
mark on the American bred Jersey. 

Geo. F. Weston. 

Biltmore, N. G. 



Okra, or Gumbo, is most useful for soups, stews, etc., 
and is becoming more popular every year. A desira- 
ble fill in market crop. 

Garden Peas are one of our mosksatis factory vegeta- 
bles, both for home use and shipping. They also suc- 
ceed well sown in August to come in late in the fall. 



THE STOMACH WORM IN SHEEP. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Flockmasters in Virginia have learned, "by costly 
experience,'-' to regard the late summer and early fall 
months as being a critical time for their lambs and 
yearling sheep and even those of more mature years, 
for thesej though ab'e to withstand its ravages, are 
reduced to an unprofitable condition. Investigation 
as to the cause of this loss, has revealed the fact that 
much of it, if not nearly all, is due to the stomach 
worm (Strongylus contortus). The purpose of this 
paper is to give the reader the latest scientific knowl- 
edge regarding the history of this parasite, its pre- 
vention, and the treatment of the affected animals. 
Location of Parts Attacked. 

The sheep, goat and cow are provided with a more 
complicated stomach than those animals which are 
not ruminants. The rumen, reticulum and omasum 
are the organs which prepare the food for digestion, 
while the obomasum contains the true digestive secre- 
tions. It is in this fourth stomach, or rather fourth 
division of the stomach, that this worm makes its 
attack, subsisting there on the blood which it extracts 
from the mucous membrane of the organ. 
Source of Infection. 

The worm is known to develop rapidly, passing 



464 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[Augusts 



through its various stages of development in muddy 
or stagnant water. It is, therefore, most probable 
that the most fertile source of infection comes from 
sheep drinking at stagnant pools. Wet seasons, there 
fore, will favor its development, and pools of stagnant 
water are a source of much danger. 

Animals Attacked. 

It is true that nearly all ruminants are favorable 
hosts for this parasite, but young sheep and goats 
suffer most from the ravages of an epizootic outbreak 
here in Virginia. Many flocks which have come 
under our notice have suffered very seriously during 
the weeks following the middle of July. 
Symptoms. 

Animals suffering from an attack of "Stomach 
"Worms" present an ansemic appearance, and as 
anaemia usually accompanies debilitating influences, 
especially when digestion is impaired, this symptom 
is not especially characteristic and scarcely permits a 
precise diagnosis to be established. There is, how- 
ever, a chain of symptoms usually present upon which 
much dependence can be placed. The animal, if no- 
ticed closely, will be observed to be languid and to 
lag behind the flock, or to leave it altogether. It ap- 
pears intensely thirsty, becomes thin and emaciated, 
and may have colicky pains, and a peculiar black 
diarrhoea. Emaciation rapidly follows, the animal 
ceases to follow its companions, seeks some secluded 
spot and there dies. The less severely attacked will 
present, many of the above symptoms in less intense 
form, but are generally unthrifty, will hang about 
the watering pools and have occasional diarrhoea. 
Treatment. 

The seriousness of this malady has led to most thor 
ough investigation, not only in this country but 
abroad. Nearly all of the vermicidal treatments have 
been adopted, some with more, some with less success. 

The Seventeenth Annual Eeport of the Bureau of 
Animal Industry deals extensively with this subject, 
and quotes the results of many remedies which have 
been tried, with full detailed instructions as to pro- 
cedure and management of each, together with many 
valuable suggestions. Personally we have had a 
varied experience with different remedies, and quote 
the advantages and disadvantages as we have found 
them : Freshly ground Areca Nut gave us good re 
suits in doses of from one to two drachms, according to 
the size of the lamb. Much difficulty is, however, ex 
perienced in getting the drug fresh, which, when old, 
may be worthless. When placed on this treatment, 
the animal should be fasted for twelve hours previous 
to dosing. Areca Nut being a powerful astringent, 
may require to be, and should be, followed by a laxa 
tive of oil or Bpsom salts. Creoline, well diluted, has 



given us marked results in doses of one drachm for 
each fifty pounds weight of lamb. Having an objec 
tionable taste, and causing a smarting sensation to the 
mouth, it causes sheep to struggle violently during 
drenching, and this sometimes results in an accident, 
such as choking. This treatment should be repeated 
every five or six days until three doses have been 
given. Our experience with gasoline corresponds 
with the general reports we have read of it, that un- 
less great caution is exercised in its administration 
there is danger of sudden death from suffocation 
when the drug reaches the lungs* Repeated treatment 
is expensive and liable to produce much intestinal 
irritation. Fluid extract of Kamal has given the 
best results of anything we have yet tried, adminis- 
tered in doses of one drachm for each fifty pounds 
weight of lamb. As it is not readily dissolved in 
water, it should be mixed with an equal quantity of 
glycerine before adding the water. Sheep take it read- 
ily with not much resistance. As it is n on irritating 
to the mouth, it does not require large dilution, from, 
two to three ounces of water being enough for a full 
dose. Being a purgative, it also carries off dead, 
worms by the intestines. Kamal has, however, the- 
disadvantage of being expensive, but, on the whole, 
it is the most satisfactory agent we have yet tried. 

In the treatment of stomach worms, animals should 
be at once removed from the source of infection. If 
they have been on low, damp land, they should be 
placed on upland. All stagnant pools should be- 
drained or fenced. The emaciated animals should 
have plenty of good feed, with tonics, such as iron* 
and an abundance of salt and fresh, clear running 
water. Where lambs are raised for market it is much 
safer to have them shipped before July. 
Post Mortem. 

In animals which have died from this disease, the 
worms are found in hundreds or even thousands on 
the mucous membrane of the abomasum. If death has 
just taken place they will be seen alive. The writer 
has seen the lining of the fourth stomach of sheep and 
goats one crawling mass of small brownish colored 
worms, with the mucous membrane reddened and 
much thickened from the irritation produced. The 
flesh of animals in this condition is usually pale in 
color, soft and flabby, and unfit for human food. 

Before leaving this subject, I feel that too much 
stress cannot be placed upon the importance of thor- 
oughly draining or protecting stagnant pools of water 
and the removal of animals to healthly pasture, as 
soon as treated, in order to avoid infection. 

JEarperiment Station, John Spencer, 

Blaeksbwijff, Va. Veterinarian. 



Mention the Flanttr to your friends. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



465 



* 



DAIRYING IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I have three fine bred Jersey cows that I think are 
worthy of mention in your columns. " Premium Bes 
sie" has given forty pounds of milk, testing three 
pounds of butter per day. She is at the head of my 
herd. 

"Evergreen Pet" has given twenty eight pounds of 
milk, testing eight per cent, butter fat. 

I have also a cow two years old last April which 
has had her second calf. 

Up to the time of second freshening I had taken in 
from this heifer for cream alone $60, after paying for 
grain given her from the time of her first freshening. 

I am asked the question, "Will dairying pay in the 
South?" 

My experience in the business leads me to answer in 
the affirmative, if we secure the right kind of herd. 
The most profit is in the best bred cow. 

Prince Edward Co., Va. W. B. Gates. 



THE LAWRENCE- KENNEDY MILKING 
MACHINE. 

In dairy machinery there has perhaps been a greater 
advance made during the past twenty five years than 
in any other branch of the farmer's business. A mod 
em dairy fitted with all the latest appliances must be 
something of a revelation to the uninitiated. Science 
has done much to advance modern dairy practice, and 
whether the aid has been in the mechanical or in the 
chemical departments of research, it has been wel- 
comed and appreciated to an extent which guarantees 
to those who can render effective help a substantial 
recompense for their labors. There is one operation in 
dairying, however, which, so far as general practice is 
concerned, still remains open for the inventor, and 
where the dairy farmers would cordially welcome help. 
We refer to the need of an efficient substitute for 
the present scarce and costly labor of hand milk- 
ing. That the difficulties hitherto preventing the gen 
eral adoption of mechanical milking will be, if they 
have not already been, successfully surmounted, we 
we have little doubt — difficulties which are not purely 
mechanical, but extend to the widely differing condi 
tions of what may be best described as temperament 
in the individual animals. 

It was, therefore, writes a correspondent of the 
Agricultural Gazette, of London, Eng., with consider- 
able interest that we accepted an invitation to view 
the Lawrence Kennedy cow milker in practical work 
at Eiding Court, Datchet, where the occupier, Mr. J. 
Kinross, farms some 1,100 acres, has 150 milch cows, 
and is the holder of that much coveted trophy, the 
Prince Consort's cup, presented by Her late Majesty 
the Queen. The machine, we were advised, has been 
in nee on the farm for a year, with the view of having 
it thoroughly tested under ordinary working condi- 
tions, so that any defects noted, or improvements re 
quired, could be remedied. The apparatus was erected 



in a shed containing 48 cows, but at first half the num 
ber were milked by hand so as to be able to compare 
the yield and other conditions of the two methods. 
The result isreported as being altogether satisfactory 
and decidedly in favor of the machine in economy of 
labor, cleanliness, keeping qualities of the milk, and 
without any ill effects on the animals. The machine 
is operated by suction, which may be obtained by a 
suction pump operated by an engine, electric motor 
or water wheel, or, as in this instance, where the va- 
cuum is obtained by an ejector attached to a small 
boiler, the steam jet producing the vacuum and dispen- 
sing with the necessity for an engine. A vacuum-con- 
tainer tank is connected, so as to give steady working, 
and a range of iron pipes runs along the shed imme- 
diately over the cows, with a short branch, fitted with 
a vacuum cock, descending between every alternate 
animal A rubber tube, slipped onto the iron pipe, 
connects with the milking apparatus, which may be 
described as a cone shaped pail, the lid carrying a 
double action pulsator of simple construction, from 
which branches two rubber tubes, one to each cow, to 
which are attached four rubber teat-cups. The speed 
and strength of each pulsation can be finely regulated 
by means of a screw, to suit the peculiarities of each 
cow, and as the pulsations only occur in the teat- cups 
and in the short rubber tube leading therefrom to the 
pulsator, the milk is not brought into direct contact 
with the air. The lid and pipes are kept in place by 
the vacuum, no screw or other fitting being required, 
while the milk, on its way from the teats, can be seen 
passing through a glass trap, and when the cow is 
milked clean, the cups remain on the teats until re- 
moved by the attendant. The cups are unique in that 
a thin piece of rubber with a hole in the centre is 
inserted immediately inside the cup, giving a more 
tenacious hold than in previous patterns, while at the 
bottom of the cup a smaller detachable rubber cup is 
inserted, so that the cow is milked wet, as the fluid 
has to flow over this inner vessel before leaving the 
large cup, and in practice this has been found of con- 
siderable advantage to the success of the operation. 
In work, the appliance is exceeding simple. The pail 
is placed between the cows, the rubber tube slipped 
onto the iron pipe, the vacuum cock turned on, and 
the cups held to the teats, to which they at once ad- 
here, and the milking begins. 

The pulsations regulating the collapse and expansion 
of the cups are close imitations of the calf sucking, and 
the vacuum pressure is very small. The milking was 
done quickly and cleanly, and the animals did not ex- 
hibit any signs of inconvenience, as in most cases they 
stood quietly feeding during the operation. The value 
of the regulation of the pulsations as regards speed 
and strength to suit the temperament of the various 
animals was particularly noticeable, and altogether 
the work was completed in a very satisfactory manner. 
The vendors — the Dairy Outfit Company, Limited, 
King's Cross, London — claim that by the use of the 
machine 48 cows can be milked in an hour, with the 
help of a man and a boy, and that no more hands would 
be required for 60 cows. Cleanliness is ensured by 
the milk being drawn direct into the air-tight pail, 
while it has been found that the milk will keep longer 
than where the milking is done by hand. The teats 
of the cows appeared to be in capital condition, and 
we were advised that after the first few days the 



466 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



animals take kindly to the machine, while heifers 
milked for the first time take to it much more readily 
than to hand milking. The apparatus is easily cleaned 
by suckirjg water through the cups, and the rubber is 
kept sweet, soft and pliable, when not in use, by being 
immersed in lime water. The cost of the plant is not 
heavy, and if under varying conditions the work is 
done as well as when we viewed it — and we see no rea- 
son why it should not — then it will soon repay its cost 
in wages. The Lawrence Kennedy machine, at any 
rate marks, a decided advance in meeting the need in- 
dicat< d at the beginning of this article ; time alone will 
tell whether or not it has solved the problem of me- 
chanical milking, but we commend its claims as 
worthy of the attention of readers. — Farmer'' s Advo 
eate, Can. 



SICK COWS. 



In the early spring I had a cow that was sick ; had 
a cough and would not eat for about two weeks. She 
then ate some, and lingered on that way for some time 
and then died. I cut her open and found her lungs in 
bad condition ; there seemed to be a secretion all 
through them, rather dried up, looking like small 
worms ; about two thirds of her lungs were in that 
condition, and closed up solid, nearly the color of 
'liver. Was that caused from feeding her cut corn 
stover or was it tuberculosis ! 

Boanoke Co., Va. J. W. Damewood. 

The cow no doubt died from tuberculosis. The 
feeding of the cut corn stover had nothing whatever 
to do with the condition of the lungs. — Ed. 



A PRELiniNARY REPORT ON THE USE OF 
BLACKLEG VACCINE IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Since the year 1898 this Department has been dis- 
tributing blackleg vaccine to the stockowners of the 
State free of charge, asking in return that the parties 
using the same would report results when asked to do 
so. It is to be regretted, however, that only about 
fifty per cent, of those using the vaccine have deemed 
the matter of sufficient importance to report results, 
notwith3tanding the fact that blanks containing ques- 
tions to be answered were mailed to each party who 
had used the vaccine with the request that they fill 
out the blank and return it to us by return mail. 

The averages recorded in this Bulletin are, there- 
fore, obtained from the limited number of reports re- 
ceived, and can only be considered as an approximate 
estimation of the results obtained. Could a complete 
report be gotten, no doubt even more favorable re- 
sults would be shown. 

As has been stated in former bulletins, blackleg is a 
disease which attacks, for the most part, young cattle 
ranging in age from six months to two years. In fact, 
more die at the age of one year than at any other age. 



We have, however, received a few reports in which it is 
stated that calves from two to three months of age have 
died of blackleg, and in a few more instances cattle five 
or six years old have been known to contract the dis- 
ease and die. These are exceptions, however, and as 
a rule it has not been considered necessary to vaccinate 
cattle over two years oh J. 

The disease is an old one, and has been known for a 
great many years. It is due to a short rod shaped 
bacterium which under certain conditions forms 
spores (eggs), which spores are capable of great resist- 
ance to destructive agents, and when once scattered in 
a field or pasture may remain for an indefinite time, 
only waiting for an opportunity to enter the system of 
a susceptible animal and produce the disease, black- 
leg. Hence, a pasture which once becomes infected 
may remain so for years. 

The carcass of an animal which dies of blackleg con- 
tains countless numbers of these spores, and unless de- 
stroyed by burning, may be the means of infecting a 
whole neighborhood, or at least an entire grazing 
boundary, being scattered, as it usually is, by dogs, 
buzzards, etc. 

Too much stress, therefore, cannot be placed on the 
importance of burning every animal which dies of 
blackleg. Mere burying is not sufficient, since the 
spores are easily brought to the surface by various in- 
sects. For the last three or four years the disease 
seems to have been on the increase. This is doubtless 
true to a very large extent, but is made more appar- 
ent by the fact that since vaccination has been pretty 
generally adopted as a preventive measure, stockown- 
ers have taken more notice of the disease and have in- 
creased their efforts to stamp it out or prevent it. The 
fact, however, that it is on the increase is due to two 
important factors : First, the careless manner in which 
blackleg carcasses are disposed of ; and second, to the 
greatly increased number of high bred cattle, as is evi- 
denced by the fact that blackleg is decidedly more 
prevalent in the grazing counties of Virginia where 
the better classes of cattle are kept. As a matter of 
fact we have had almost no reports of the appearance 
of the disease except in the best grazing counties. In 
the low lying counties, where but little attention is 
given to stock raising, and where, .with few excep- 
tions, the cattle are of the old type, the disease is 
rarely seen. The result of our investigations show 
conclusively that blackleg is practically a disease of 
the high-bred cattle. The writer has, however, seen 
a few quite severe outbreaks of the disease among 
scrubby North Carolina cattle, when placed on in- 
fected pastures in Virginia. 

The following table will indicate the counties from 
which reports have been received, and in which we 
have distributed the most vaccine. Only one report 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



467 



has been received from King George county, hence 
the figures are not indicative of the actual condition 
of the county as a whole : 



County. 



Loss before 
vaccination. 



Loss after 
vaccination. 



Albemarle .... 11. 00 per cent. 

Amherst 10.00 " 

Augusta 5.70 " 

Bedford 19 30 " 

Bland 8 50 " 

Botetourt 14 50 " 

Buckingham.. 6 00 " 

Craig 16.00 " 

Calpepper 11.00 " 

Floyd 10.30 " 

Franklin. 12.30 " 

Fauquier 6.00 " 

Giles 19.20 

Gravson 14 40 " 

Highland 6.70 " 

King George.. 16 00 " 

Lee 12.00 " 

Loudoun 8 20" " 

Montgomery.. 20.70 " 

Orange 12.00 " 

Pulaski 12.70 " 

Roanoke 13 20 " 

Rockbridge... 16.50 " 

Rockingham. 7.00 •' 

Russell 7.35 " 

Scott 2.00 " 

Spottsylvama 4 00 " 

Smythe 11.00 " 

Tazewell 9.70 " 

Washington... 9.00 " 

Wythe 11.90 " 

Average before 
vaccination. 31.07 



.00 percent. 
.00 " 
.70 ** 
.00 " 



Average after 
' ' vaccination 



5.0J 
.40 
.00 

4 60 
.00 
.00 

1.10 
.00 
.00 
.50 
.20 
.00 
.00 

6.00 
.00 

3 50 

3 30 

3 30 
.20 
.00 
.10 
.20 

4.00 

.00 

.00 

70 

.00 

.89 



u 
CI 

u 



From the foregoing table it will be seen that the 
losses from blackleg before vaccination amounted to 
11 07 per cent., and that after vaccination the death 
rate was reduced to .89 per cent. In a few instances it 
was reported that losses were sustained in from twenty- 
four to forty eight hours after vaccination. Since it 
is impossible for a case of blackleg to develop from 
vaccination in so short a time, such animals were un 
doubtedly infected before vaccination. The majority 
of deaths after vaccination occurred in from two to six 
months afterwards, and in cattle which were less than 
six months old when vaccinated. 

It must be remembered that vaccination has no 
curative effect. An animal, therefore, which is in 
fected at the time of vaccination is just as sure to die 
as one which has not received the vaccine, and all 
such deaths may properly be discarded in considering 
results. In the printed directions sent out with each 
lot of vaccine it is plainly stated that cattle under six 
months old should be vaccinated the second time, 
since the protection in such is not lasting. The most 
of the losses were in this class of animals and might 



also be properly discarded in figuring results. Dis- 
caiding the deaths in these two classes of animals we 
would have a death rate of less than one half of one 
per cent. Even counting these, we have the remarka- 
ble reduction in the death rate of 10.18 per cent., giv- 
ing a death rate of only .89 of one per cent., after vac- 
cination. 

Although the disease appears to be on the increase, 
there is no doubt that it could be stamped out in a few 
years' time by concerted action on the part of the 
farmers, by a thorough system of vaccination and thor- 
ough destruction by burning of all carcasses of ani- 
mals which have died of the disease. Vaccination 
should be practiced before the disease makes its ap- 
pearance, thus preventing loss and further infection 
of the pastures. It U too often the case that stock- 
owners wait until they have lost one or more cattle 
before applying for the vaccine, and then send in a 
'hurry up" order, with the request that the vaccine 
be sent along with the application blank. We have 
been compelled, however, to conform strictly to our 
rules and insist that the blank be filled out and re- 
turned to this office before sending the vaccine, for the 
reason that many who neglect to vaccinate their cattle 
until the very last' moment also neglect to fill out the 
application blanks after they have received the vac- 
cine. 

As the vaccine is distributed to stockowners of the 
State without cost to them, it is hoped in the future 
that all will report results without delay when asked 

to do so 

E P. Niles, Veterinarian, 

Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va. 



A CANADIAN EXAMPLE. 

Mr. J. W. Roberts, of Wicklow, Ont, is a good 
illustration of the practical effect of sound dairy 
thought and intelligence. 

During the past year Mr. Roberts has manufactured 
and shipped to Ottawa 3,031 pounds of butter from 12 
cows ; 11 of them milked for five months and one for 
ssven months. The butter brought 20 to 23 cents a 
pound and netted $647, or an average of $54.91 per 
cow. This is the result in butter alone. Mr. Rob- 
erts' methods are all progressive, using the silo and 
other great helps to economic dairying. 



At a recent meeting of the Board of Directors of 
the Southwest Virginia Agricultural and Live Stock 
Association, held in Radford, Va., it was decided to 
offer the following premiums on live stock exh bited 
on the fair grounds of the Association at Radford, 
October 21-24: Herefoid cattle, $1,000; Shorthorns, 
$1000; Aberdeen Angus, $200 ; horses, $200; sheep, 
$50 ; hogs, $50 ; horse races, $1,000. In case of Here- 
fords and Shorthorns $500 for each breed was appro- 
priated by the American Hereford and Shorthorn 
Breeders Associations respectively. 



468 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August 



The Poultry Yard. 



THE BREEDING OF THE PEKIN DUCK. 



Selection of Breeding Stock— Handling and Mar- 
keting Ducklings. 

Editor Southern Planter. 

The rearing of ducks for the early market is becom- 
ing quite an extensive business in the United States at 
the present day. Several varieties of the duck family 
have been experimented with for the purpose, and all 
growers concede that the Pekin comes nearer being an 
ideal bird for profit than all other varieties. 

The feathers of the Pekin are creamy white through- 
out, orange colored legs, feefc and beak. They are 
quite large at maturity — adult birds weighing from 
8 lbs. to 10 lbs. apiece when fat ; are exceedingly 
hardy, good feeders, rapid growers, and stand forcing 
for the early market better than any other. 

Ducklings at eight weeks of age, if rightly handled, 
can be made to weigh from 1\ to 8 lbs. per pair. To 
those understanding the business, it is very remune 
rative. No one should embark in the enterprise, 
though, with the expectation of .there being little 
work attached to the undertaking and large profits 
derived throughout. If they do, they will be sadly 
disappointed. It is a business that requires the most 
careful attention and constant study to handle it sue 
cessfully. The pioneer duck raisers of this country 
had many ''ups" and "downs" (and some of them 
more "down" than "ups") before they made a success 
of their enterprise. 

Selecting Breeders. — The subject of selecting breed 
ing stock is a very important one, and one that is 
sometimes neglected. For raising early ducklings, 
you should know that the parent stock has been well 
cared for from the egg to maturity. If they have 
been carelessly handled in any way, the chances are it 
will show up in the offspring. Your breeders should 
be of good size, well proportioned, and males espe 
cially not too heavy. They should be vigorous and 
hardy. In making a beginning, we would advise you 
to buy a few birds from some reliable breeder and one 
who has been in the business for years and has a repa 
tation as a breeder. Beware of advertisers of whom 
you know nothing. The man who has been in the 
business for years and is "o j to his job," is the man 
who will ship you your money's worth, doing the 
square thing by you. Buy a few settings of eggs from 
another breeder of good standing, and by this means 
obtain new blood for your next season's breeding. 
Mate up your breeding yards not later than October 
15th, in order that they may become accustomed to 
their new quarters and general surroundings. There 



is no breed of fowls so susceptible to a change of 
either their location or bill of fare as the Pekin duck, 
either of which will decrease the egg production mate- 
rially. Begin to feed your bill of fare, and strictly 
adhere to it throughout the season. Ducklings hatched 
in February or March will begin laying in November 
following, if carefully handled, while those hatched 
as late as May will begin to lay in January or Febru 
ary. The eggs for the first two or three weeks, as a 
rule, run very low in fertility, and it is a question 
whether it pays to hatch them, though if you use incu- 
bators the infertile eggs can be taken out on the fourth 
day and shipped to market, where they are sold to 
hotels and restaurants for culinary purposes. In 
order to have best results, you should put forth every 
effort to ma'~e your breeding stock comfortable in 
every way. The Pekin duck delights in having a 
nice, clean bed of wheat or oat straw at its disposal. 
A good plan is to scatter a thin layer of dry straw 
over their pens every few days, ju3t before the birds 
go to their quarters for the night. If this is done, 
there is no necessity for cleaning out the houses more 
than once or twice during the season. When the roof 
is good, allowing no rain to come through, there is 
no moisture to cause dampness, and the accumulation 
of bedding throws the ducks farther from the ground, 
and they are less liable to suffer with cramps and leg 
weakness, which is brought on by damp roosting quar 
ters. Ducks suffer a great deal with cold feet in very 
severe weather. Give them a bed of straw on the 
sunny side of their houses during the cold winter 
days, and see how quick they will take to it. Do not 
shut them in their houses during the daytime, as it is 
their nature to worry if confined, and this will show 
on the egg yield. D acks generally make their own 
nests in the straw, but we have found it a good plan 
to make a lot of nests and place in their pens, but 
have no sharp edges for them to run against and in- 
jure themselves. A sudden fright will very often 
throw them "off their feed," and will sometimes re 
quire days to get them back so they will eat their ac 
customed allowance. This materially curtails the egg 
yield. Always be careful to have the d< ors to their 
houses as near on a level with the outside ground as 
possible. They cannot climb like other fowls. If 
you allow them access to ponds or tanks of water, 
have it convenient for them to get in and out. Any 
obstruction in either case will certainly cause lame 
ducks. More depends upon the careful handling of 
your breeders, as to the success with the ducklings' 
than most people imagine. In making your troughs 
for both old and young, round the tdges and ends 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



469 



smooth. The duck has a knack of getting himself 
into trouble with no thought as to how he is to get out. 

Ton may give all branches of duck culture every 
attention possible, but if you neglect good breeding 
birds in any way, trouble and disappointment, and to 
say the least, loss to the owner, follows. 

Pennsylvania. Walter P. Laird. 

[We commend these articles to the attention of our 
readers. Mr. Laird is a practical man, who has had 
charge of large duck and poultry ranches. — Ed.] 

[to be continued.] 



SORE HEADS. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I now allude to sore heads — so denominated — in 
chickens, and not to this term as sometimes offensively 
applied to disappointed poultry men. 

Sore head among poultry, especially through the 
extreme Southern States, is of very common occur- 
rence. It is a phase of roup, catarrh or inflammation, 
aggravated, if not caused, by neglect, foul air, wet 
quarters or exposure on the roost at night. 

It is not true, though often stated, that if the flock 
is kept clean, dry and well attended to, it will never 
have the roup ; for it sometimes appears under the best 
of management just as sure as influenza or diphtheria 
will attack children, let them be ever so well nursed 
and managed. 

Yet, the better the sanitary conditions provided the 
less the danger of attack. I know of yards that raise 
thousands of chicks each year, in which the breeder 
rarely ever has a case of this kind among his large 
flock. And again, I know of more than one place 
where the owner is continually annoyed with this 
trouble among his birds of all ages. 

This disease is a form of roup or catarrh, as are in 
flamed eyes and nostrils, difficulty in breathing, in- 
flamed throat glands, swelled face or pustuled crown, 
and all arise incipiently from the.same primary causes. 

There is no reason why poultry men should ever be 
troubled with these nuisances to any extent, unless in 
the milder and more manageable forms, where proper 
care is continuously taken to prevent — on the old prin 
cipal that an "ounce of prevention is worth a pound of 
cure." 

If the poultry man attends to his stock as he ought 
to and provides his birds with clean, well ventilated 
quarters, feeds them regularly and judiciously, affords 
them good range in summer, and warm, sunny quar 
ters in winter, never crowds them, and above all, 
fights off the lice, which, if not attended to, will soon 
infest birds, houses and roosts, he will have little 
cause to complain about sore-headed chicks or fowls. 

Occasionally an exception may arise, and a severe 



case of sore head will develop. In an advanced stage 
the head becomes inflamed and swollen on one or both 
sides, often obstructing the sight, and many times re- 
sulting in the loss of one or both eyes ; but the appe- 
tite is good up to the last, unless internally affected. 

Roup or sore head usually appears as an epidemic, 
and if a cure is not effected will spread through 
the whole flock. Where it exists the mortality is 
generally great. In the early stages of the disease a 
cure can be effected by injecting into the nostrils a 
little kerosine oil, anointing the head, if swollen, with 
sweet oil and alcohol, equal parts of each, once or 
twice a day. Add about one half teaspoonful of aco- 
nite to each quart of drinking water, and keep the 
affected birds in dry and comfortable quarters with 
plenty of sunshine. The drinking vessels used by 
affected birds should be boiled Occasionally. 

The adage, an "ouuee of prevention is worth a 
pound of cure," applies very forcibly here. 

W. P. L. 



FEEDING CHICKENS FOR GROWTH. 

A series of valuable experiments on the subject of 
feeding chickens have been carried on by Prof. G. M. 
Gowell, of the Maine Experiment Station, and the 
latest results are published in Bulletin 79. The Eng- 
lish and French chicken fatteners who make a spe- 
cialty of the business and who fatten many thousands 
each year, use small coops, holding four or five birds 
each. This plan has also been adopted by the Oana 
dian Government. Prof. Gowell has followed a simi- 
lar plan and compares it with confining fowls in small 
houses and yards. The English and French fatteners 
use a food composed largely of finely ground oats and 
tallow. Prof. Gowell used corn meal, wheat mid- 
dlings and ground beef scraps, with small quantities 
of finely ground oats in the earlier tests. That the 
gains from the birds in small coops were as great as 
those .made by the former, is shown by the reports 
which they have published. 

The coops each had a floor space of 16 x 23 inches 
and were constructed of laths with close end parti- 
tions of boards. The floors were of lath, placed three- 
fourths of an inch apart and one inch from the wall, 
so that they might be kept clean by the moving about 
of the birds. The coops were made two together with- 
out cutting the lath, which were placed lengthwise on 
bottom, top and back, but placed upright and two 
inches apart in front, so that the chicks could feed 
readily between them. V shaped troughs with three- 
inch sides were placed in front, about two inches above 
the level of the floor of the coops. In each coop four 
or five birds were placed. The houses employed were 
9 x 11 feet in size, with an attached yard 15 x 20 feet, 
in which there were no green plants growing. 

The food consisted of a mixture of 100 lbs. corn 
meal, 100 lbs. wheat middlings, and 40 lbs. animal 
meal. This was mixed up with cold water as needed 
and was fed twice each day, as much being given as 
the fowls would eat. One lot of twenty Plymouth 
Rock cockerels ninety five days old were placed in 



470 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



coops and another lot of sixty eight of the same size 
and age were placed in the house. Both lots weie fed 
twenty- eight days. Those in coops made an average 
gain of 1.34 lbs. at a cost of 8.92 lbs. of the dried grain 
per pound of gain. The sixty-eight cockerels in the 
house and yard made an average gain of 1.43 lbs. at a 
cost of 5.26 lbs. grain per pound "of gain. Several 
other experiments with fowls of different ages were 
made, and in all 321 chickens have been fed in forty 
one lots in periods of twenty one, twenty-eight and 
thirty five days each. 

In eleven of the coops containing four birds each, 
the gains have been greater than in the houses and 
yards whick contained from twenty to sixty eight 
birds, while in tw< nty four of the coops the gains have 
been less. In five of the six groups of experiments, 
the gains have been greater in the houses and yards 
than in the coops. The results show that close coop 
ing is not necessary to secure the great* st gains in 
chicken fattening, and that the chickens made greater 
gains when given a little liberty than when kept in 
close confinement. The labor involved in caring for 
birds in small numbers in coops is considerably greater 
than where they are kept in a hou e e and yard, while 
the amount of food required to make a pound of gain 
is likewise greater. 

Other interesting data brought out in these experi 
ments are that the periods of cheap and rapid gains 
in weight cc me early in life. The greatest gains were 
made in a test report; in a previous bulletin, where 
twenty chickens confined in coops gained an average 
of 2.23 lbs. each in a period of thirty five days, while 
a similar lot in a house and yard gained 2 47 lbs. each. 
The best gains were made on chickens about three 
months old. 

In one of the experiments, skim milk was used in 
place of water in mixing up the dry feed. Instead of 
40 lbs. beef scrap, 33 lbs were used, so that there 
should be no difference in the amount of digestible 
protein between the two rations. Two pounds milk 
were used to each pound of the meal mixture. The 
following table shows conclusively the great value of 
skim milk in fattening chicks : 

SKIM MILK VS. WATEK IN FATTENING CHICKENS. 

On 

On skim 

water. milk. 

Chickens 95 days old. lbs. lbs. 

In coops, gained in 28 days each 1.34 1.68 

In house, gained in 28 days each 1.43 1.71 

Chickens 160 days old. 

In coops, gained in 28 days each 78 .87 

In house, gained in 28 days each 45 .93 

Another series of experiments showed the great 
value of meat meal. One lot of birds gained .72 lbs. 
each when fed equal quantities of corn meal and 
wheat middlings, mixed with water, while a similar 
lot gained .92 lbs. each when one fifth of the ration 
was composed of meat meal. Where no meat meal 
was fed, 14.96 lbs. of dry grain was required to make 
a pound of gain ; where meat meal was fed, 12 07 lbs. 
of dry feed produced a similar gain. The mixture 
containing the meat meal cost 1.15 cents per pound, 
while the other mixture cost one cent per pound. 
Where the meat meal was fed, a pound of live weight 
of chicken was made at a cost of 13.88 cents, without 



the meal, 14.96. In other feeding tests, greater gains> 
have been made at a cost per pound of as small as five 
to eight cents. 



POULTRY NOTES. 



In order to have healthy, vigorous, profitable poul- 
try, new blood must be introduced annually. 

Beware of overfat, inactive hens; they are most cer- 
tain to be a source of trouble and at best are unprofi- 
table stock to keep either for layers or breeding stock. 

The straw and chaff from the barn floors make excel- 
lent scratching material for the hens to work over, fur- 
nishing food and exercise at the same time. 

Any breed of fowls that is carefnlly and systemati- 
cally bred for egg production can be made to produce 
good layers. But the individual specimens must be 
bred along the right line. 

If situated so you can raise a patch of millet this- 
year do not fail to do so, for there is nothing better 
for hens in winter or for little chicks. It is easily 
giown, yields well, and can be fed without being 
threshed. 

Let your fowls take a run occasionally where they 
can get green stuff furnished by nature in the spring- 
time. They much prefer to pick it themselves to it 
being supplied to them in pens, and it seems to do- 
them more good. t 

A correspondent asks how to feed ground dried 
beef. We feed it in a trough just as it comes from 
the factory. We have never discovered any evil ef- 
fects following this way of feeding. A good way to- 
feed it is to cook it in the mashed feed, but we do not 
feed mashes. 

Feeding hot mashes is forcing for eggs end forcing: 
for eggs is not what is wanted in the breeding pen. 
There you want not only eggs, but good, strong, 
healthy chicks from the eggs. Another reason why it 
pays to have a separate pen from which to select eggs 
for hatching purposes. 

When cleaning out the hen house do not dump the 
droppings out on the ground to leach their strength 
away. Either barrel up and house for fertilizing gome 
special crop or else put them at once on the general 
manure heap so they will be incorporated in the mass- 
when drawn to the field. 

Oat meal, cracked corn, corn bread, moistened bread 
crumbs, wheat and cottage cheese are among the best 
and most generally recommended foods for small chick- 
ens. It is not so much the kind of food as it is the 
care in feeding it that insures success. The great 
danger is in overfeeding, especially while the chicks 
are very small. 

Nests and roosts in the hen house should be fre- 
quently treated with applications of kerosene from 
now on through the warm weather months, but care 
should be taken not to have the kerosene come in con- 
tact with the eggs; the nest box should receive a thor- 
ough application of the oil and new clean nesfc mate- 
rial used to replace the old. 



iyiw.1 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



471 



The Horse. 



NOTES. 



Mr. Eobert Tait, of the wholesale seed house of 
George Tait & Sons, Norfolk, Va., is gradually collect- 
ing some well bred material for his Stud at Spring 
Garden Farm, near Cool well P. O., in Amherst coun- 
ty, Va. Capt. Jas. N. Lamkin, who directs affairs at 
the farm, has faith in the potency of Ed. Kearney. The 
thoroughbred son of Tom Ochiltree and Medusa, by 
Sensation, heads the Stud. Most of the general- 
purpose mares on the farm will be bred to the big 
chestnut stallion with the hope of producing hunters 
and jumpers, which are now so much in demand and 
find ready sale on all the prominent markets. Ed. 
Kearney's fee is only ten dollars the season, and at 
that figure farmers should not hesitate to breed their 
mares to him, especially the heavy weight, larger ones. 
As an example of such a cross I may cite the famous 
steeple chase gelding Mars Chan, the crack high jump 
ers Amaret, Hornpipe, Gray Cap, Searchlight, and 
numerous others that have won in the best of company 
at the big horse shows and are held at almost prohib 
itive prices. Of the trotting- bred matrons at Spring 
Garden, K. Helice, the bay mare, by Norval, dam 
Grenada, by Onward, is probably the most highly 
prized. She has at her side a shapely bay filly, by 
Foxhall McGregor, and will be bred to Red Leo, son 
of Red Wilkes, as most likely will Sweetstakes, dam 
of the good sire Great Stakes, 2:20 ; and Sunbeam, 
by Hambletonian Mambrino. Flora McC. the chest 
nut mare, by Red Wilkes, dam Missie Wilkes, by 
William L., second dam the great brood mare Fanny 
H., dam of Evangeline, 2:181, and three others, by 
Red Wilkes, making her quite closely inbred to the 
last named famous trotting sire. Flora McC. is in foal 
to David Harum, son of Director, 2:17 £, and will be 
bred to Foxhall McGregor. Lucy Tait, the chestnut 
filly, one year old, is by the latter horse, out of Sweet 
stakes, and is well thought of by Captain Lamkin 



The destruction by fire of the big Auditorium build 
ing at the Exposition Grounds on July 10th gave the 
management of the Richmond Horse Show Association 
some concern, as the Horse Show was to have been 
held there this fall, and thousands had been spent in 
improvements, but President J. T. Anderson and his 
associates were equal to the occasion and other ar 
rangements were soon made. Plans have been ap 
proved for a splendid new Auditorium at Reservoir 
Park, and it will be completed in time for the show 
to take place on the dates chosen — viz., October 14th, 
15th, 16th, 17th and 18th. The building when com 
pleted will be the largest of its character in the South, 
and for horse show purposes will not be surpassed by 
any in the country. President Anderson, Secretary 
W. O. Warthen, and other officers of the association 
are pleased over the prospect and look for their sec 
ond annual show to be a grander success than even the 
sanguine supporters of the affair anticipate. 



Manager F. Covington, who directs affairs at the 
Foxhall Farm of Captain John L. Roper, Norfolk, 
Va., writes me that the trotting bred horses there are 



for the most part in good shape and doing nicely- 
Charles Atkinson, who does the training a ad driving* 
has some in his stable that he thinks will do to take to 
the races later on. During the spring meeting at Bal- 
timore, Atkinson did well with the farm horses — win- 
ning some races and disposing of several, among them 
the bay pacing gelding Captain, 2:161, by Great 
Stakes. He is now working for speed Princess Ken- 
ton, 2:32J, chestnut mare 5, by Great Stakes, dam 
Lady Kenton, by Hambletonian Mambrrno; Mr. Lind- 
say, bay gelding, 5, who can trot in 2:15, by Russell 
Rex, dam Helice, by Norval ; Lena Ball, bay mare, 7 r 
by Lynne Bell, dam by Commoneer, and' a half dozen 
or more well bred and promising two and three year- 
old fillies and geldings. The only foal dropped on 
the farm this season was a bay colt, by Foxhall Mc 
Gregor, dam Frances, 2:25i, by Muscovite, dam Venus, 
dam of Mohoeye, 2:30, by Conger. Frances was not 
bred again, as Atkinson thinks she will trot in 2:15 
this fall, and Mr. Covington would like to see her re 
duce her record. Foxhall McGregor, the bay stallion, 
5, by Robert McGregor, dam Cleo, 2:19i, by Gambetta,. 
who is kept for service at the farm, has also been given 
track work, and can show miles under 2:25, but will 
hardly be raced this season. 



The great brood mare Erena, 2:19|, the gray 
daughter of famous Alcyone and Estella, by Clark 
Chief, owned by Henry G. Herring, Harrisonburg, 
Va. , has a fine chestnut colt at her side, by Supremacy, 
2:29, eon of Bell Boy and Susan, sister to Allen Lowe, 
2:12, by Alcantara, and has been bred back. Erena 
is the dam of Allercyone, 2:18, and two others in the 
list, all by Allerton, 2:0!H, and several more of her 
produce by other sires are likely to follow. One of 
the handsomest and most highly formed of her produce 
is the chestnut filly Helen Wilmer, one year old, by 
Kelly, 2:27, a full brother to the great three year old 
campaigner Expressive, 2:12i, by Electioneer, out of 
Esther, dam of four in the list, by thoroughbred Ex- 
press. Helen Wilmer is owned by her breeder, James- 
Cox, of the Belgravia Stud, Mt. Jackson, Va., from 
whom Erena passed to Mr. Herring. 



One of the handsomest thoroughbred foals of the 
season is the brown filly Boscobel, foaled April 29th r 
and bred and owned by Charles H. Hurkamp, Bosco- 
bel Farm, Fredericksburg, Va. She was sired by the* 
great race horse Tournament from Lovelorn, by im- 
ported Esther, second dam Ladylove II, by Trouba- 
dour. Tournament, the sire of Boscobel, is a splendid 
son of imported Sir Modred and Plaything, by Alarm, 
and heads the stud of Marshall & Thompson, Warren- 
ton, Va. In placing before the public such stallions 
as Tournament, His Grace, son of Eolus, and some 
three or four other horses as richly bred and grand in- 
dividually, Marshall & Thompson are doing a great 
service for the breeding interests of Fauquier and 
Loudoun counties, and their efforts should be appre 
ciated in a practical way by liberal patronage of th& 
stallions whose services they offer. 



The Virginia Circuit of Horse. Shows grows in im- 



472 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



portanee and popularity, and is doing a great work 
for the horse interest in the State. The latest to drop 
into ranks being the Lynchburg Horse Show Associa- 
tion, whose first annual exhibition will be held there 
October 22, 23 and 24, or during the week following 
the Richmond Horse Show. The Shows booked for 
this month ae Harrisonburg on the 13th and 14th, 
Culpeper on the 19th, and Warrenton the 27th and 
28th. The Rockingham Horse and Colt Show Asso 
ciation, whose headquarters and show grounds are at 
Harrisonburg, is not strictly a member of the Virginia 
Circuit, but its dates conform with the latter, and it is 
quite an important affair, as Rockingham county and 
adjacent sections form a large breeding and grazing 
district. 



Among the inmates of Wilton Green way's training 
stable, South Towson. Md., that is highly thought of, 
is the young mare Marjie Z , 4, bred and owned by 
Mr. Samuel Walton, the big railroad contractor, of 
Falls Mills, Va. Greenway has worked her miles 
around 2:20, and she will be campaigned by him this 
season. Marjie Z. was sired by the Walton Farm 
stallion Red Leo, 2:26^, dam Carina, by Caliban, sec- 
ond dam Yellow Woman, by Strafchmore. 



The chestnut mare Flora Jefferson, by Elk Nut- 
wood, dam Flora Diamond, by Bay Diamond, owned 
by W. N. Wilmer, the New York lawyer, at his Vir- 
ginia breeding establishment, Plain Dealing Farm, 
near Scottsvilie, has a shapely bay colt at her side by 
Virginia Chief, the son of Kentucky Prince, that 
heads the Plain Dealing Stud, and has been bred back. 



Capt. James N. Williamson, of the Ossipee Cotton 
Mills, ELon College v N. C, drives one of the hand- 
somest and fastest roadsters in "The Old North State" 
in the chestnut pacing gelding Defender, 2-19i; Greg 
orian, 2:29f. Defender was bred by Captain William- 
son, who raced with success for several seasons. 



The season is passing — we are right in the middle 
of harvest, and such farmers as desire to have colts on 
their premises next summer or spring must see to it 
that their mares are settled. A great many breeders 
are now adopting the practice of having their mares 
bred in the fall, say in October, in order that they 
may have the services of their mares in spring when 
crops must be put in, but there are objections to this 
way of horse breeding that may be discussed. Sup- 
pose that a mare is to come in September . In July 
and the first days of August she is required to do 
sharp, prompt work on the binder and the mower. 
Is it better to submit her to this ordeal than it is to 
the more sober and lees lively labor incident to put- 
ting in small grain ? It is doubtfnl if it is, and reason- 
ing from Nature,s standpoint possibly it is best to 
have the mares foal in spring — the month of April 
being the favorite of all the most successful farmers 
who make a business of breeding horses. Still, if a 
mare has not caught there is yet time. By all means 
keep at it until she does catch. Bred now a mare will 
have her foal next year about the middle of June, and 
while that is not the most desirable time on earth it is 
better than nothing. It is not advisable to mate 
mares in August and September. A breeder of high 
grade drafters remarked a few days ago that July 20 
was the latest date in the summer on which he could 
afford to have a mare foal. The last day of September 
he counts as the first day in the fall on which he can 
afford to have a fall colt come and there is much sense 
in what he says. Therefore the time is right at hand 
when breeders must permit a small gap to intervene 
in the breeding of their mares. Get the work out of 
them farmers must, foals or no foals, and the times 
and seasons described represent the most practical 
solution of this rather weighty problem. — Breeders 1 
Gazette. 



In Eonic, who landed the Burns Handicap in Cali 
fotnia, Ethics and others, the Ellerslie Stud of R. J. 
Hancock & Son, Charlottesville, Va., has sent out 
some good winners during the present season. Imp. 
Oharaxus, Imp. Fatherless, Eon and Aurus are the 
stallions in use at Ellerslie, while the brood band in 
eludes some of the choicest matrons in the country. 



Ard Patrick, the son of St. Florian and Marganette, 
by Springfield, who is credited with the English Derby 
of 1902, is the biggest horse that ever won that classic 
event, as he stands close to seventeen hands and seem- 
ingly runs best when in high flesh. Ard Patrick is an 
Irish bred horse, and his dam, Morganette, also pro- 
duced another Derby winner in Galtee More. 



One of the most favorable signs of the season is the 
tremendous demand that exists in all the large Amer- 
ican markets for saddle horses of both kinds— both 
the so called gaited Kentucky kind and the walk trot- 
canter kind. Prices are hardly any criterion in this 
case. The rich man pays from $1,000 to $3,000 or 
more for what suits him of either sort, the poor man 
buys the horse that is either able or is supposed to be 
able to "saddle" and thereby "ease his pains." The 
fact is that the supply of really finished saddle horses 
of any sort is woefully short. All dealers with repu- 
tations for furnishing finished performers are over- 
run with orders. 



One of the most promising green trotters in the Acca 
Farm stable of W. L Bass is the bay horse Resinol, 
son of Alfred G., the sire of Charley Herr, 2:07. With 
less than one season's regular training Resinol has 
shown miles better than 2:25. He is out of Madge, by 
Hetzel's Hambletonian. Broad Rock. 



The demand among farmers for the privilege of 
breedthg mares to stallions that weigh a ton or more 
is certainly greater than at any time in the United 
States. Salesmen for various importing companies 
that have been going the rounds of their customers 
state that the chief call this ensuing season will be for 
horses of that weight or more and that the stallions of 
medium weight are going to be rather at a discount. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



Mention the Southern Planter when corresponding 
with advertisers. 



1902.] 



THE SOTJTHEKN PLANTER 



473 



niscellaneous. 



THE NEW CONSTITUTION OF VIRGINIA. 

The new organic law of this State is now in force 
and effect as from the 10th day of July, by virtue of 
its proclamation by the Convention and the Governor 
of the State. Before, however, many of its provisions 
can become operative, the action of the Legislature 
will be needed, and this body is now in session for 
that purpose. We have not yet been able to secure a 
copy of the Constitution as finally approved, and are 
not therefore in a position to deal exhaustively with 
the changes made. Speaking generally, however, we 
may say that the principal alterations are in the suf- 
frage law, the judiciary system of the State, the fane 
tions of the Legislature in reference to private legisla 
tiou, the system of taxation and finance, and the 
creation of a Corporation Commission, to have author- 
ity over all corporations. Whilst we are not able to 
say that we cordially approve all the changes made, 
yet upon the whole we think that probably they will 
in great part tend to the better and more economical 
government of the State. We were in hopes of see 
ing the suffrage based solely upon the payment of 
taxes, as experience has demonstrated that only in this 
way can the highest efficiency and the greatest econo- 
my be secured. "The man who pays the piper" has 
or ought to have "the right to call the tune." This, 
however, has not been fully attained, ai provision is 
made for the registration of classes of voters who are 
non tax payers for a limited period. In time, however, 
these classes will cease to exist, and then all who vote 
must pay. Only when this time comes can we expect 
to see efficiency and economy enforced. The changes 
made in the judiciary system are in harmony with the 
views we have often enunciated in these columns. 
The county court judges are abolished and the State 
is divided into twenty- four circuits, over each of 
which a judge presides, elected by the Legislature. 
This should result in economy and the more effective 
administration of the law. It should also lead to the 
lessening of the cost of litigation by the abolition of 
unnecessary appeals from one court to another, and 
the prompt punishment of offenders which, in itself, 
is one of the greatest deterrents of lawlessness. The 
limitation of the powers of the legislature to enact 
private laws is a step in the right direction. What we 
most need is fewer laws and a better observance of 
those affecting all citizens alike. The mass of pri 
vate legislation (much of which could have been and 
will now be much more properly dealt with by the 
courts) had become such a burden to the legislature 
as to hinder that attention being given to matters of 



public interest which should be the first care of a 
legislature. We are not so well satisfied with the 
changes made in the taxation and financial system of 
the State as we are with the judiciary system. We 
had hoped to see a clean sweep made of the anti- 
quated system of taxation now in existence and the 
relief of personal property from taxation, as has long 
since been done in the other civilized countries of the 
world, and the substitution for it of a system under 
which each citizen would have been taxed on what 
his labors and investments produced. This, however, 
was impossible of attainment, and the Convention 
contented itself by imposing heavier burdens on cor- 
porate bodies and thus secured the means wherewith 
to provide for the necessary expenses of government, 
with a State tax rate reduced from 40 to 30 cents on 
the hundred dollars until the year 1907. There is also 
provision made for the prevention of double taxation, 
which has been in the past a fruitful source of in- 
justice and the cause of much evasion of legiti- 
mate taxation. The Corporation Commission created 
by the Convention is to be appointed by the Gov- 
ernor, and is invested with wide powers of con- 
trol over railroads and other corporate bodies. Much 
of its effectiveness will depend on the character of 
the three gentlemen who may be appointed the first 
members of the court. It may easily be made 
either an instrument of repression of that commercial 
development of the State which has made so auspi- 
cious a start, or it may be made a moderating and 
guiding influence potent for good. It is to be hoped 
that the powers with which the court is invested will 
be exercised with caution and wisdom. Capital is shy. 
There is nothing more fearful and timid than a dol- 
lar except two dollars. We want the two dollars, 
yea, many million dollars, to come into the State and 
help to develop its resources. Upon the action of this 
court will largely depend whether we are to have this 
help. In matters solely pertaining to the agricultural 
interest the only provision of the Constitution is as 
to the office of Commissioner of Agriculture. This 
official is now made elective by the people, a provis- 
ion, in our opinion, most unwise and likely largely to 
impair the value of the Board of Agriculture as an 
instrument for the advance of the agricultural inter- 
est of the State. As the executive officer and servant 
of the Board, he ought to have been appointed by the 
Board. This was the decision of the committee of the 
Convention, but the politician in the Convention over- 
ruled the committee. We fear much that in the future 
the commissioner will be more of a politician than a 



474 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



farmer and more, the servant of the politicians than of 
the Board. 



THE COMPOUND FARMER. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

We hear a great deal these times of compound and 
combined action. We find the compound principle 
in all great transactions, and wherever we find it, it 
is intense, whether it be in the compound engine or in 
the manipulations of the money lender or the mer 
chant. One of the most successful farmers I have 
known, told me his rule was always to invest and 
turn over once and sometimes several times in a year 
the proceeds from his crops or stock. That is the 
true gist of compound farming when intelligently ap 
plied, and is of far reaching power and influence. 

The average man is often astonished at the great 

difference in the success of farmers, a great per cent, of 

whom are but barely making an existence, while some 

have to quit. Others whose assets were nil but compa 

ratively a few years ago, are now worth five to fifteen 

thousand dollars, and are still making. If the matter 

is carefully looked into, the successful ones are the 

compound farmers. The average farmer will buy all 

his fertilizer, machinery and seeds on time. The 

usual terms are from five to ten dollars more on a 

wagon or binder on time and a dollar a ton on ferti 

lizer, and then 6 per cent, on the note. The compound 

farmer will buy for the cash generally at a cut under 

the cash rate, which will foot up to nearly 20 per cent. 

difference between the buyers. The average farmer 

needs, or imagines he does, a new buggy or surrey. 

The accommodating local agent sells him one on his 

own time at a reasonable price (?); of course, the buyer 

pays for the accommodation at a very hi»h per cent. 

The compound farmer needs a similar vehicle, but 

instead of buying on time, he will make the old one 

do another year. In the meantime, he sets aside some 

particular crop or part of his stock to sell next year. 

Then buying for the cash, effects a saving of nearly 

100 per cent, difference over the other one. 8hould 

anything happen in the meantime to upset his plans, 

he simply waits another year. Some will say that time 

is too long to wait. Ah ! how many of us have waited 

a lifetime for that handsome surrey and matched bays 

we all would like to drive? The average farmer, in 

buying stock of any kind, generally considers the 

first cost. If the price be low enough, any old thing 

will do. The compound farmer buys carefully the 

stock that will bring the top price. If the quality be 

right he will pay a long price, and when properly han 

died for another year, will have three buyers to A.'s 

one. When sold, the difference of profit on the two 

lots will be as far apart as Success, and Failure. 



The average farmer will buy his stock, cattle or 
sheep from the speculator after he has bunched them 
up and added his tariff. The compound farmer buys 
his in small lots, as he can get them right, and gener- 
ally sells them straightway to the shipper without the 
pin hooker getting a dollar a head for looking them 
up It would be impossible to enumerate all the de- 
tails of compound successful farming. There is more 
scope for brain work in successful farming than in 
almost any other business, notwithstanding the opin- 
ion of the city man to the contrary. Some will say 
that all this is only the difference between the man 
wfco has money and the one who is "hard up." This 
is not all the difference. It is training of one's self to 
do without what he can't afford, and to buy judi 
ciously. There is no royal road to success. Neither 
are there any miracles these days. The compound 
farmer has the same disadvantages to contend with as 
the slip shod one. The drouth or bail destroys his 
crops ; he has sickness in the family ; the dogs kill 
hi? sheep, as happens to others. 

I am perfectly aware that an opinion prevails that 
it is not the successful farmer who writes articles for 
agricultural papers ; but, like all other rules, there are 
exceptions. The successful business man in any other 
line lays his plans months— sometimes years— abead, 
in order to compete with his rival. No other business 
could be successfully carried on in the manner the 
average farmer conducts his affairs, and no other occu- 
pation offers a better return from brain and brawn 
than nature does to the Compound Farmer. 



DISAPPOINTMENTS IN FARniNG. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Every farmer must be prepared for constant disap- 
pointments in his work. What succeeds this year may 
fail utterly next year. Two years ago I planted early 
Irish potatoes and raised a fine crop. I was so encour- 
aged that I thought I had at last struck the right thing. 
Last year I planted again and the potatoes did not even 
come up, except in straggling hills. I plowed them 
up and sowed millet, thinking my potato fertilizer and 
manure would bring an enormous crop. A drouth 
came on and the millet burnt up, and made next to 
nothing. 

Last year was a good season for hay, and I made a 
fine paying crop. My mind had been running on grass 
for some time, and my success induced me to spread 
out. This year my grass started beautifully under the 
magic touch of a little nitrate of soda, but soon the dry 
weather came on, and now I think I shall do well if I 
make a half crop. 

So it is in everything, so far as I can discover. By 
inquiring, I find other farmers have a similar experi- 



.902. J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



475 



ence. A friend tells me he grew a big crop of Irish 
potatoes four years ago and made big money. He- has 
tried -it every year since and made only a failure. 

Of course the experience narrated above is not inva- 
riable. Farmers often make a success with the same 
crop in successive years, but a failure must be ex 
pected about as often. 

Year before last, the fly injured wheat so badly that 
all my neighbors said they would not sow last fall till 
after the fly was killed by the first frost. The result 
was that the wheat had a poor start and froze out du 
ring the winter. So they had no wheat after all. 

Next year these farmers will sow their wheat early 
and risk the fly. Then they will probably be caught 
on the other horn of their dilemma. The fact is, that 
farming is a most complicated business, and is full of 
snares and pitfalls. Yet no one need be discouraged. 
The best policy is to take a medium course, or, at least, 
a definite course, and stick to it. A liberal per cent, 
of failures must be counted upon in averaging up one's 
profits. 

The farmer's greatest factor of uncertainty is the 
weather. In time he may learn to control the fertility 
of his soil. He may become skilled in combatting the 
diseases of most of his crops. He may solve the mys 
tery of cultivation, but he never will be able to con- 
. trol his supply of moisture, unless he lives in an irri- 
gation district. 

With irrigation in a rainless district, farming might 
become a reasonably certain business, provided • the 
climate were equable. Without these conditions there 
will always be much uncertainty in the result, and the 
farmer's only chance is to even up on a variety of crops. 
If he misses on one, he is apt to hit upon another. In 
most countries a drouth never lasts all the year. Some 
crops will succeed. So the final conclusion is that most 
farmers will find diversified crops to pay the best. 
This is true, at least with most East Tennessee farmers. 
Powell Station, Tenn. T. 0. Karns. 



THE EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE. 



Declaration of Principles. 

The following declaration of principles was adopted 
on July 4, 1902, by the teachers of the Summer School 
of the South, now in session at Knoxville, Tennessee: 
"We the 1,700 teachers attending the Summer School 
of the South, representing every southern state, do on 
this day of our national independence, unanimously 
adopt the following declaration of educational policy : 

1. We bear grateful testimony to the great sacrifices 
made in behalf of education by the people of the South, 
who in their desolation and poverty have taxed them- 
selves hundreds of millions of dollars to educate two 
races. , 

2 Notwithstanding these efforts, we are confronted 
with the appalling fact that; the large majority of the 



3,500,000 white children and 2,500,000 black children 
of the South are not provided with gt>od schools. In 
1900 ten Soathern States having 25 per cent, of the 
school population of this country, owned only 4 per 
cent, of the public school property and expended only 
6i per cent, of the public school moneys. We must 
recognize these conditions and frankly face them. We 
therefore declare oui selves in favor of a public school 
system, State supported and State directed, in which 
every child may have the open door of opportunity. 

3. Conscious of our dependence upon the God of our 
fathers, and believing that the highest and truest civ- 
ilization can be attained only by following the precepts 
of the great teacher, Jesus Christ, wet favor the recogni- 
tion of the Bible in our public schools. 

4. We regard local taxation as the foundation upon 
which a public school system should be built, and 
therefore favor an agitation in behalf of such taxation 
in every community. 

5. If an increased expenditure of money is to be of 
Usting value, a more intelligent interest must be 
brought to bear upon our schools. But even greater 
than the need of money and interest is the need of in- 
telligent direction. 

6. A mere extension of the present school term with 
the present course of study will not meet the needs of 
the children. The lines of development in the South 
must be both agricultural and mechanical. Our people 
must bring a trained brain and a trained hand to the daily 
labor. Education should not be a means of escaping 
labor, but of making it more effective. 

The school should be the social center of the com- 
munity, and should actively and sympathetically touch 
all the social and economic interests of the people. In 
addition to the usual academic studies, therefore, our 
courses should include manual training, nature study 
and agriculture. 

7. To secure more efficient supervision, to encourage 
grading and to broaden the social life of the children, 
we favor the consolidation of weak schools into strong 
central schools. It is better in every way to carry the 
child to the school than to carry the school to the child. 
We indorse the movements recently made by the wo- 
men of the South for model schools, built with due 
regard to Sanitation, ventilation and beauty. 

8. Teaching should be a profession, and not a step- 
ping stone to something else. We therefore stand for 
the highest training of teachers and urge the school 
authorities of every State to encourage those who wish 
to make the educating of children a life profession. 
We call upon the people to banish forever politics and 
nepotism from the public schools, and to establish a 
system in which, from the humblest teacher to the 
office of State superintendent, merit shall be the touch- 
stone. 

9. We express our hearty appreciation of the noble 
work of the Southern and General Education Boards, 
which by their earnest sympathy and generous means 
have made possible this great Summer School of the 
South, and in numerous other ways are strengthening 
the patriotic efforts of the Southern people to improve 
their educational conditions. 

10. With gratitude to our fathers for the heritage of 
a noble past, with thankfulness to God for the many 
blessings bestowed upon our people, with due recogni- 
tion of our present problems and their deep impor- 
tance, we face the future with a faith which we shall 



476 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



endeavor to maRe good by our works, to the lasting 
glory of our Eepublic." 

If to the foregoing had been added a clause requir- 
ing compulsory attendance of all children of school 
age until a certain standard of education had been 
reached, then we would have felt that here was a|de- 
claration of principles .worthy of being fought for and 
which we could heartily indorse. To use the strong 
arm of the law to compel the payment of taxes to build 
and support schools and to train teachers and then to 
leave the people free to use these advantages or leave 
them as they pleased is neither wise nor economically 
or morally right. The class which most needs educa 
tion, and to whom, if given it would result in most 
profit, both to itself personally and to the community 
and nation, is the one which least appreciates these 
advantages and which, for the sake of a present, 
" cents" gain by child labor, will and does throw 
away the prospect of future dollar gains, and the only 
way to prevent this is by compulsion. The experi- 
ence of the old world and of those parts of the new, 
where the experiment has been tried, is conclusive in 
favor of compulsory attendance at schools. No child 
should be allowed to work for wages until educated at 
least so far as to be able to read and write. — Ed. 



LET US HAVE TELEPHONES. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I clip the following from the Breeders' Gazette: 

There could be no better evidence of the prosper- 
ity of farmers in general at the present time than the 
persistence with which co operation is making head 
way in many neighborhoods. A farmer interviewed 
at length a few days ago said : "My house is 'Central' 
for no less than five different rural telephone lines. 
The farmers in five neighborhoods bought the poles, 
phones and wire, did all the necessary work, and now 
almost the entire county can talk from house to house. 
It makes a wonderful difference, and we also have 
connections with both the long distance lines in Iowa. 
We can keep well posted, and such things as fresh 
meats or the like we can get delivered now when so 
many of us have a way by which we can order them, 
the butchers sending wagons as often as required to 
bring us our supplies." 

Now, the above is one way of doing things. An- 
other is for farmers to become subscribers to a line 
which will sooner or later fall into the hands of a 
trust. 

Co operative lines furnish telephone service at less 
than half of the rate* charged by the old line compa 
nies. I have before me a circular issued by a newly 
formed corporation asking farmers to subscribe to 
stock of the company at ten dollars per share. That 
is about the cash outlay required for connecting you 
with your neighbor or with a co operative line. 



There is scarcely a farm in this part of Virginia that 
has not plenty of cedars from which to make telephone 
posts, and there is always a season in the year when 
the farmer can spare the time to put up the poles. 
Why not have co operative lines instead of paying 
high rates to old line companies ? 

In Illinois and other Western States the cost to 
members of co-operative lines is about fifty cents per 
month. It is possible to maintain a line at that figure 
without charging extra tolls for communications with 
nearby towns and citie3. Old line companies will 
charge you, in addition to the regular fee, a toll of 
from ten to twenty five cents every time you wish to 
talk to your grocer. 

By all means let us have rural telephones, but let 
the farmers own and operate them. 

Hanover Co., Va. F. H. Nagle. 



DRAFT OF VEHICLES AND IMPLEMENTS AND 
CONSTRUCTION OF WAGONS. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

In your May issue there is a paper by Dr. Wm. C. 
Stubbs, which brings up a very interesting subject. 

Farming is by no means one of the ''exact" sciences, 
as I have found by the experience of three years, and 
therefore, if any matter can be definitely settled, it 
should be done at once in order that a very intricate 
problem might have something lees left to mere con- 
jecture. 

Observe, for instance, the ordinary farm wagon. It 
is a remarkable piece of construction. The front 
wheels are lower than the hind wheels, and the height 
of the latter compels a height of body that seems pre- 
posterous when economy of labor is an object. Ton 
will also note how narrow the body is in proportion 
to its own length and the width of the track. 

Is there any scientific or practical reason for this ? 
Is the draft of a wagon with high hind wheels appre- 
ciably lighter than if all the wheels were the same 
height ? 

I can easily remember when the driving wheels of 
locomotives for passenger service were six feet or even 
higher ; now they are built very much lower. Is the 
hind wheel of the wagon made high only to get both 
bolsters on a level ? If so, the design of the fro nt 
truck needs revision. 

It seems to me a comparative table of drafts would 
be very instructive. I understand, of course, that 
an absolute standard is impossible because of the dif- 
ference in circumstances. Let us have a test of wagons 
on solid road bed and in plowed ground and on stub- 
ble, and give us the draft of the ordinary farm wagon 
plus 1,000 lbs. in the body ; first, the wagon with 
wheels of different height and the ordinary narrow 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



477 



tire ; then the wagon with the four wheels of the same 
height, and a test with the different width of tire's up 
to six inches and wheels of various heights from twen 
ty four inches up. 

I know this would be no small matter to undertake, 
but any Experiment Station equipped with a dyna- 
mometer would settle a much discussed question and 
confer a boon on every farmer in this great coun 
try by furnishing such a table. 

The same idea might also be carried out in regard 
lo implements, but the comparative tests should be 
accurate. 

Dr. Stubbs says, in his article, that "the average 
plow" cutting a furrow 8x10 inches will make a draft 
of 6 lbs. to the square inch, which would be 576 lbs. 

The Hancock disc plow showed a draft on the dyna-. 
mometer of 550 lbs. cutting a furrow 10 x 15 inches. 
At the rate given for "the average plow," it would 
have been 900 lbs. 

Are we to assume from that, that the Hancock plow 
is of much lighter draft, comparatively, than " the 
average plow;" or, is there so much difference in the 
estimated draft of the one and the dynamometer 
measured draft of the other ? 

If we figure the comparative draft of the incidents 
mentioned, we would get : English trial, 7.41; Ameri- 
can trial, 5.81 ; supposed plow of the problem, 5.04 ; 
average plow, 6; and the disc plow, 3.66. 

Now, I would be glad if Dr. Stubbs would tell us 
if these deductions are correct, and if he would add 
experiments with other implements, such as the disc 
harrows with different number and sizes of discs, and 
mounted on wheels or plain ; the smoothing harrow 
with different numbers of teeth ; the walking and 
riding cultivators with their different attachments, 
and these set to different depths, and many other 
things of which he knows, undoubtedly, much more 
than I, he will add very greatly to our present store of 
knowledge. 

With high appreciation of and best wishes, for the 
Southern Planter. An Observant Farmer. 

Nottoway Co., Ya. 



ICE HOUSE. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Please give directions for building a small ice house 
on the farm for storing ice for family use in the sum- 
mer ; also, tell how to pack the ice. » 

Union Co., N. C. H. P. Liles. 

We have had several enquiries recently for informa- 
tion as to building ice houses, or pits. Eeplying, we 
would say that we do not advise the digging of pits 
for storing ice. A house above ground is much more 
convenient, much less costly in the long run, and will 



preserve the ice better if properly built. There are 
three conditions essential to the keeping of ice. The 
first is that it shall be effectually excluded from the 
air; the second, that it shall be kept dry, and the third 
that it shall have abundant ventilation passing over 
the top of it. Any house that satisfies these require- 
ments will preserve ice. Practically, the simplest de- 
scription of an ice house is a house within a house. 
The intervening space between the outer house and 
the inner one, or lining, should be from twelve to 
fifteen inches, and this space should be packed tight 
with saw-dust or some other non-conducting sub- 
stance, sawdust usually being the cheapest and best. 
This will exclude air from the ice. Water should be 
kept from it by having the house set on a high dry 
place, with the drainage carried away from the house 
on every side. A drain should be laid into the bottom 
of the ice house to carry off the melting of the ice. 
This drain should be trapped by having a bend down- 
wards and upwards in it, which bend will always 
stand full of water, and thus exclude air from getting 
under the ice. The roof over the house should be a 
hipped one, and should have a lattice ventilator in 
each gable at least three feet by two feet. This pro- 
vides for carrying off the heated air from the top of 
the ice. Double doors should be provided, and the 
space between be packed with sawdust. The outer 
walls of the house may be either of logs or studding 
and weatherboarding, and the inner wall should be 
made of studding and boarding. A floor should be 
laid of plank with space between each one for drain- 
age, and this should be covered with sawdust to the 
depth of a foot. As the ice is filled in it should be 
packed around with sawdust, and be chinked with ice 
between the blocks to exclude all the air possible, and 
should have twelve or fifteen inches of sawdust on the 
top, and over this be covered with marsh or waste 
hay. Ice weighs a little over fifty pounds to the cubic 
foot, so that it is easy to calculate the size of house re- 
quired when the daily consumption is known. A 
house 10 x 10 x 10 feet will hold 1,000 cubic feet of ice, 
or about twenty five tons; this, after allowing for 
wasting, will provide 200 pounds a day for 150 days — 
an ample supply for a large household and for a dairy. 
If the ice house can be placed on the north side of 
buildings overshadowing it, or under a large tree, it 
will be desirable to so locate it, as these will pro- 
tect it from the hot rays of the summer sun, and thus 
save ice. 



TECHNICAL TEACHING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

We take the following from a report of the proceed- 
ings at the recent meeting of the Institute workers at 
Washington. It is in line with that policy in educa- 
tion we have long advocated, and upon the adoptioa 



478 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



of which we believe rests largely the future welfare of 
the country. We cannot have a successful and pros- 
perous agricultural class which is not an educated 
one, educated not merely to read and write but edu 
cated technically, knowing and understanding the 
"why and the wherefore" of each process of nature 
and how best to work in harmony therewith : 

Prof. C. C. James, of the Department of Agricul 
hire, Toronto, Canada, in a paper on "ITeaching Agri- 
culture in the Public Schools," urged the absolute ne- 
cessity for such teaehing,if the farmer's boys and girls 
are to be induced to look on agriculture as the most 
satisfactory occupation they can! pursue, as well as 
an intellectual and profitable calling. He declared 
that while agricultural colleges are necessary and ac 
co mplish much good, the prime necessity now is for 
primary and secondary schools in which thorough ag 
ricultural instruction shall be given. All professions, 
he thought, would be better if some knowledge of ag- 
riculture were possessed by those who follow them. 
He had rather have money appropriated or given for 
such schools than for the establishment of great scien 
tine institutions, for the knowledge which would ena- 
ble a hundred farmers to make a thousand dollars a 
year was more valuable than that which would enable 
one man to make one hundred thousand dollars. He 
regarded a contented, successful farmer as one of the 
most valuable assets of a State. ■ 



At the conclusion of Prof. James' paper, President 
Amoss introduced Secretary of Agriculture Wilson, 
who declared that a man cannot be educated in all the 
sciences necessary to the agriculturist after he had 
graduated from some college. The work must begin 
with the child. To give a boy a general education 
first, to the neglect of the agricultural sciences, is alto 
gether an erroneous idea. This idea, he said, had put 
him in the predicament now of having in his depart- 
ment two hundred and sixty young men and wo 
men who are being educated and treated by that 
department to do the work for which he needed 
people who had already been trained. Our sys- 
tem of education is old-fashioned. It was imported 
from the other side of the water, and is much like the 
systems from which it sprang. Colleges were origi 
nally organized as far back as Bible days to educate 
the preachers and prophets, and we do now educate 
doctors, lawyers and dentists, but none of our schools 
furnish the farmer the education he needs. We have 
agricultural schools, bat they teach naarly everything 
except agriculture. It is almost impossible to find 
people for his department who have any knowledge 
of animal husbandry, plants and soils, so far as their 
composition and properties are concerned. Conse- 
quently the department is compelled to educate its 
own specialists. 

"We must not hope to educate agriculturist if study 
of subjects relating to their profession or calling is de 
layed until the beginning of a college course. In the 
primary schools the rudiments of agriculture must be 
taught. Pupils must be taught to distinguish between 
various plants ; they must learn to recognize grasses 
and legumes, and must be encouraged to study nature 
at all times. Congress is doing much to promote the 
study of agriculture. But much of the money given 
to assist agricultural schools is expended in the teach 



ing of other things. Through the Department of Agri- 
culture many specialists are being trained, who are 
rendering valuable service to the agriculturists of 
America. The time is not far distant when it will 
be possible to secure instructors who are prepared to 
teach some of the things farmers want to study." 



NEW WHEAT. 

The first crop of Virginia wheat of the crop of 1902, 
was offered on the Richmond market on 28th June. It 
was grown on the farm of Charles Winfree, in Amelia 
county. It was dry and in good order, but contained 
some onion seed. It was sold to the Dunlop Mills for 
85 cents a bushel. This offering was four days later 
than last year. The selling price was 12 cents a bushel 
in advance of last year's price. 



MATING FOR EARLY LAMBS. 

Mr. J. S. Woodward, of Niagara county, New York, 
who is regarded as an authority on mutton raising, 
says: "Very many methods have been suggested to 
make the ewes accept the ram in hot weather, a very 
necessary thing for the winter lamb raiser, and I think 
we have tried about all of them. Sometimes we have 
thought we had a sure method, only to find the next 
year that it had no merit at all. It is not natural for 
sheep to mate till cool weather in the fall, but there is 
a great difference in breeds. Take the Dorset, for in- 
stance; they have been long used for raising early 
lambs, and have become accustomed to breeding much 
earlier than any other breed. In fact, a Dorset ewe, if 
rightly treated, will breed at almost any time of year. 
But they are not plentiful enough to fill the demand 
for early lamb raising, and we want to know how it 
can be brought about to induce the ordinary grade 
sheep of the country to breed out of season. Much 
depends upon the breed of the ram. A Leicester or 
Cotswold ram can hardly be induced to associate 
with a flock of ewes before cool nights in October, 
while a Dorset ram will follow with the ewes at 
all seasons, regardless of the heat. And there is 
no disputing the fact that the constant attention 
of the ram will have much influence in bringing 
the eweS into condition. I have no faith whatever in 
any system of medication further than the effect of 
feed upon the ewes. The largest percentage of ewes 
we ever had to drop lambs before New Year's was 
several 3 ears ago, when, during the great railroad 
strikes, we had a flock of ewes tied up in the stock- 
yards at Detroit for over a week. We could get noth- 
ing for them to eat but stock- yards hay — poor, wild 
hay — with no grain, and before we goo them home 
they looked pretty hard. We then turned them in to 
good feed, put rams with them, with the result that a 
remarkably large proportion dropped lambs in De- 
cember. Since that time I have always found that 
ewes that were gaining were more disposed to accept 
the ram, and that is the only thing upon which we 
place any reliance." 



Mention the Planter to your friends. 



1902.J 



THE SOUTHEBN PLAOTEB. 



479 



THE 



Southern Planter 



PUBLISHED BY 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COIP'Y, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Month. 



J. F. JACKSON, 
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Address— 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 

HIGH MONO, VA. 



Detail Index to Enquirer's 
Column. 

Orchard-Grass Seeding 455 

Mixing Ashes and Fertilizer — Cover 

Crop 455 

Fertilizers for Fruit Crops — Borers — 

Pruning 455 

Mixing Fertilizer 456 

Seeding Clover — Improving Land 456 

Poultry Raising 457 

Planting Cow-Peas in Cotton Field... 457 

Crop for Spring Fallow 457 

Alfalfa Seed 457 

Preparing Pea Fallow for Wheat 458 

Sick Sow— Blind Horse3 i...» 488 

Alfalfa 458 

Blight in Apple Trees 458 

Milch Cow 458 

Angora Goats 459 

Squabs 459 

Seeding for Pasture 459 

Pea-Vine Hay 459 

Alfalfa 459 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 

To Advertisers. 

We have recently repeatedly had 
our attention called by subscribers 
to the fact that they have been un- 
able to secnre replies to letters ad 
dressed by them to advertisers 
with reference to stock and articles 
of various kinds advertised in our 
columns. In all these cases we have 
at once communicated with the ad- 
vertisers, and find that the almost 
invariable excuse offered has been 
that the advertisers had sold out 
the stock, etc., advertised. We de- 
sire to impress upon advertisers 
the point that such excuses are not 
a sufficient answer to the complaint. 
When a person offers to sell through 
our columns and then neglects to 
reply to those who may respond, 
the failure to do so raises an infer- 
ence that the advertisement is not 
bona fide, and thus casts a reflection 
upon us as publishers which is not 
just. In fairness to the journal and 
to ourselves, a reply should be given 
to each enquirer. A one cent post 
card will suffice to do this, and 
courtesy, let alone j astice to us, de- 
mands that it be sent. We are most 
careful to insert no advertisement 
from any party of whose responsi 
bility we have any doubt, and ad 
vertisers owe it to themselves and 
to us to support us in this course by 
acting in such a way as shall sat 
isfy every enquirer of the bona fide 
character of the advertisement. 

Another complaint has also reach- 
ed us from one or two parties that 
stock, etc., advertised does not con- 
form to the description given, and 
that as a consequence they have 
been subjected to loss. Whilst it is 
impossible for us to guarantee the 
accuracy of description of stock 
or other articles, we would most 
earnestly beg of advertisers to 
be careful not to mislead intend- 
ing buyers. It must recoil on 
advertisers to do so, and at the 
same time do us injury. When 
we are satisfied that wilful mis- 






Best For The South. 



Wood's 
Turnip 

Ms. 



I 



Wood's Seeds 
are grown and 
selected with 
special refer- 
ence to their 
adaptability to 
our Southern 
soil and climate 
and give the 
best results and 
sati sfaction 
everywhere. 
If your mer- 
chant does not sell Wood's Seeds 
write for Special Price-list. 

Circular giving prices and informa- 
tion about Turnip Seeds, Crimson 
Clover, Late Seed Potatoes, German 
nillet, Buckwheat and all Seasonable 
Seeds, mailed on request. 

T. W. WOOD & SONS, 

Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va. 

WOOD'S FALL CATALOGUE issued 

in August, tells all about Crimson 

Clover, Winter Vetches, Rape, 

Rust Proof and Winter Oats, 

Seed Wheats, Grasses, 

and Clover Seeds. 

Vegetable Seeds for Pall Planting. 

Hyacinths, Tulips, etc. 

Catalogue mailed free. Write for it. 



..ELMWOOD NURSERIES.. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000 2-yr.-old Asparagus roots, 
6 varieties. A special rate of $3.50 
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARR'S, 
PALMETTO, CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A large general assortment, in- 
cluding W1NESAPS and YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid Assortment of 

Ornamental, Shade 

and Fruit Trees. 



EGGS 



from B. P. Rocks, Light 
Brahmas, Brown Leg- 
horns, at $1.00 per 13. 



WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. 



J. B. WATKINS & BBO., Hallsboro, Va . 

Bean Raisers! 

The " Miller Bean Harvester " is the recog- 
nized leader of all competitors and has been 
for twenty years. It does good work when 
others fail. Weeds, Stones or Grass do not in- 
terrupt its successful operation. There is but 
one MILLER HARVESTER, and we own 
patents and make the original. Catalogue for 
the asking. LE ROY PLOW CO., 166 Lake Street, 
Le Roy, New York. 



480 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



representation has been indulged 
in, we shall not hesitate to pub 
lish the facts, and decline to 
carry further advertising for the 
guilty ones. Our care in satisfy- 
ing ourselves as to the responsibil- 
ity of advertisers, is the best pro- 
tection for buyers which we can 
offer, and we can assure our read- 
ers that this care shall continue to 
be exercised. Every advertiser 
who desires to do what is right, 
will appreciate this position. It is 
as much in his interest as in that of 
ourselves and our readers. We 
now carry constantly a^ line of ad 
yertising of which we are justly 
proud, and we are daily in receipt 
of testimonials from advertisers as 
to the good results attained by the 
use of our columns. To maintain 
this, there must be no cause given 
on either side for want of confi- 
dence, and hence our appeal to all 
for frankness, courtesy and bona 
fide dealing. 



BEWARE OF OINTMENTS FOR 
CATARRH THAT CONTAIN 
MERCURY, 
Ae mercury will surely destroy the sense 
of smell and completely derange the 
whole system when entering it through 
the mucous surfaces. Such articles should 
never be used except on prescriptions 
from reputable physicians, as the dam- 
age they will do is ten-fold to the good 
you can possibly derive from them. 
Hall's Catarrh Cure, manufactured by F. 
J. Cheney & Co., Toledo, 0., contains no 
mercury, and is taken internally, acting 
directly upon the blood and mucous sur- 
faces of the system. In buying Hall's 
Catarrh Cure be. sure to get the genuine. 
It is taken internally, and made in Toledo, 
Ohio, by F. J. Cheney & Co. Testimo- 
nials free. 

Sold by druggists, price 75c. per bottle. 

Hall's Family Pills are the best. 

AGRICULTURAL LIME. 

In another column will be found the 
advertisement of Messrs. A. S. Lee & Son, 
Richmond, Va., in whicb they offer their 
celebrated "Prepared Agricultural Lime." 
This lime has been on the market for a 
number of years, and has been used by 
thousands of farmers with great success 
both as a permanent improver and in 
increasing the yield of the crop on which 
it is applied. 

Write to Messrs. Lee & Son for testi- 
monials, circulars and prices, mentioning 
the Southern Planter. 



Mention the Southern Planter when cor- 
iesponding with advertisers. 



JAMES G. TINSLEY & CO., 

Branch Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. 

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

FERTILIZERS. 



RICHMOND, VA. 



..BRANDS.. 

Stonewall Tobacco Fertilizer, Stonewall Guano, 
Powhatan Corn Guano, 

Stonewall Acid Phosphate, 
Wheat and Grass Fertilizer, 

Tinsley's Bone and Potash Mixture, 
Powhatan High-Grade Phosphate. 



Gall on your Local Dealer, and if he cannot furnish you, write to us. 




ARMOUR'S 

ANIMAL FERTILIZER 



Came from the Farm 

Should Go Ba.ck on the Farm. 

Put It Back 

It's Natural Plant Food 



Feed Your Plants 




They Will Then Feed You 



Th* Armour Fertilizer Works 

CHICAGO AND BALTIMORE;. | 



1 




Farmers' $125 Saw Mill. 

Cuts 2000 ft. lumber a day with only 4 h. p . 

Our large, handsome catalogue tells all 
about the famous BeLoach Variable Fric- 
tion Feed Saw Hills, 4 to 100 h. p., $125 up. 
DeLoach Saw Mill Machinery. Planers, 
Shingle, Lath and Corn Mills, Water 
Wheels, etc. Write for catalogue and price 
f. o. b. your depot. DeLoach Mill Mfg. 
Co., Box 600, Atlanta, Ga. (Branch, 120' 
Liberty St., New York.) 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



4*1 



THE MOWER 

THAT WILL KILL ALL THE 
WEEDS IN YOUR LAWNS. 




If you keep the weeds cut so they do not go 
to seed, and cut your grass without breaking 
the small feeders of roots, the grass will be- 
come thick and weeds will disappear. THE 
CLIPPER WILL DO IT. Send for catalogue 
and prices. 

CLIPPER LAWN MOWER CO., Inc., 

NORRISTOWN, PA. 



WATER CLOSET COMBINATIONS, 

Porcelain Bowl. Hardwood Seat and Tank, 
Nickel Plated flush and supply pipes, com- 
plete, each SI l.OO. 
Cast Iron Roll Rim Bath Tubs, 

length 5 ft. Complete 
with full set of nickel 
plated fittings, each, 
SI 1.00. 

They are new goods, 
ask for free catalogue 
No. 166 on plumbing: 
and building material. 

Chicago House Wrecking Co., W. 35th and Iron Sis., Chicago 





ABOUT ELI HAY BALERS. 

The excellent showing for an abundant 
hay crop this year is going to make lively 
work for the hay balers. The mention 
of hay baling naturally suggests the 
"Eli" Baling Press, which is being ad- 
vertised in our columns by the Collins 
Plow Co., of Quincy, 111. Among hay 
balers it is rated as embodying about all 
that is known to be good. We do noc 
know what, if any, significance there 
was originally in the name, but it is safe 
to say that the name it has made for 
itself far eclipses any meaning the word 
may have had at the time of the Eli's 
coming into the baling field. There are 
numerous considerations which have 
given it a wide use. First of all, there 
is that indispensable requisite of turning 
out the shapely solid bales which enable 
the shipper to get the greatest amount of 
hay in the car. Then there is its extra- 
ordinarily large feed opening, easy and 
safe feeding and great capacity. Being a 
full circle press, a very important item is 
the fact that the bridge over which the 
horses have to step is made very low, 
and the plan of the power is such that 
nearly all the resistance is removed 
while the horses are crossing it, making 
their duties light and safe. Every part 
has the necessary strength to enable it to 
continue long in heavy work. 

As the baling season is fast approach- 
ing, parties contemplating purchasing 
should not fail, before placing their 
order, to send to the above Company for 
their illustrated catalogue, which fully 
describes the thirty-eight sizes and pat- 
terns they make. Kindly mention this 
journal when writing. 



Mention ths Southern 
writing advertisers. 



Planter when 




Handy Farm Wagons 

make the work easier for both the man and team. 
The tires bein g w ide they don otcu t into the ground; 
the labor of loading is reduced many times, because 
of the short lift. They are equipped with our fam- 
ous Electric Steel Wheel*, eltherstralghtorstag- 
ger spokes. Wheelsany height from 24 to 60 inches. 
White hickory axles, steel hounds. Guaranteed to 
carry 4000 lbs. Why not get started rightby putting 
in one of these wagons. We make our steel wheels 
to fit any wagon. Write for the catalog. It is free. 

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX U6. QUINCY, ILL. 



WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and seod 4 lluggy Wheels, Steel Tire on, . $7.35 
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels Jf to 4 in. 
tread. Top Buggies, 828.75; Harness, (3.60. Write for 
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and parts direct 
Wagon Umbrella FREE. W. V. BOOB, Cincinnati, 0. 




IMPERIAL 




THE PETERSON MFG 



Pulverizer, Clod 
Crusher and Roller. 



Leads them 

all. 
Send for 

circulars. 
Kent, Ohio. 



Philadelphia Butter Worker 

A simply constructed, conveniently 
handled machine that does efficient 

work. Ca- f -, - 

ten to — w 
!150 lbs. 

Send for illustrated 
catalogue of supplies. 
Dairymen's Sup- 
ply Co., Dept. B, 
Philadelphia., Pa. 




I SELL FARMS. 

Parties looking for homes or speculative investments in real estate, stock 
ranches, truck farms or timber, will receive monthly, for a year, a list of what- 
ever real bargains may be offered, together with confidential reports on any 
property listed, upon receipt of 25 cents As my commission to property- 
owners is only ^ to 1% — never more — I may be able to save buyers 9% on 
property offered anywhere I have occasionally opportunities offering rea- 
sonable prospects for doubling large or small investments, and there are some 
fine openings for profitable ranches for parties with means to stock cheap 
lands. Also good locations on main R. R. lines to Northern markets for 
truck and poultry farms. 

At this writing I have just one more inquiry from prospective purchasers 
than the number of farms listed. If you have a bargain to offer, send 4 cents 
in stamps for description blank. 

F. H. NAGEL, Doswell, Virginia. 



482 



THE SOUTHBEN PLANTER 



[August 



The Waterloo 




Beat' em All. 

3-Horse 

Power 

Pumper. 

The best engine 
for I he money 
on the market 
to-day. 

Every engine 

fully 

guaranteed. 

• 

Write to-day 

for 

Catalogue. 



We also have stationary and portable engines. 

WATERLOO GAS ENGINE CO., 

P. O. Box 56. WATERLOO, IOWA. 
After Being on the Market TEN YEARS, 

The ACME Engine Still Leads 

For Churning, 
Cutting & Grind- 
ing Feed, Filling 
Siloes, Sawing 
Wood, Elevating 
Water, and all 
Farm and Gene- 
ral Uses where 




Small Power is 
Required. 

Fuel, Kerosene 
Oil. 

No Skilled Engi- 
neer required. 

ROCHESTER MACHINE TOOL WORKS, 

No. 17 Frank St.. Rochester, N. Y. 

The MIETZ& WEISS 




Kerosene Engines. 



Cheapest and Safest 
Power Known. For 
pumping and electric 
lighting, grinding corn 
separating cream, saw- 
ing wood, and all pow- 
er purposes. Also sizes 
from 1 to 60 horse-pow- 
er. Highest award for direct coupled genera- 
tor set. Gold Medal, Paris Exposition, 1900. 
Pan-American Exposition, 1901. Send for cat- 
alogue. 

A. MIETZ, 128 Mott Street, New York. 




ENGINES, BOILERS 
AND MACHINERY. 

When you want good rebuilt ma- 
chinery at bargain prices, write for 
our Catalogue, No. 166 We carry 
all kinds of engines (gas, gasolen* 
and steam power), boilers, pumps, 
and mill supplies in general. 
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 

West 35th and Iron Sts.. Chicago. 



The "Weber Junior" 
Pu mper 

C&ntdso f " 

be usod I 2% H. P 

for other 

power 

pDpOC 




Is all complete, ready to at- 
tach to pump. Equals 30 men 
pump ing water. 
Uses but little gas- 
oline. Is shipped 
crated completely 
erected, all connec- 



tions made. Easy to start, any 
one can operate it. Every 
one guaranteed. Other sizes 
up to 50 H. P. Send for cat- 
alog. Weber Gas & Gasolm" 
Engine Co., Box 1^8 
Kansas City,. Mo. 



WORMS IN SHEEP. 

The ravages of worms in American 
flocks are appalling. Stomach worms 
and nodular disease are killing more 
sheep and lambs than scab and ail other 
diseases combined. In a wet season like 
the present the losses from these two 
causes alone run up into millions of dol 
las. And yet a simple and compara- 
tively inexpensive remedy for these fatal 
diseases is within the reaca of every flock 
owner. That remedy is Tcxaline, the 
careful use of which has not yet, in a sin- 
gle instance, failed to cure when admin- 
istered in season. It seems incredible 
that flock masters should see scores and 
even hundreds of their ewes and lambs 
go to destruction for want of a sav- 
ing remedy so cheap and easily obta.ned. 
Stomach worms cannot resist the subtle 
influence of this volatile fluid, which goefc 
almost instantly to the seat of their work 
in the fourth stomach and suffocates the 
deadly parasites with unerring quickness 
and dispatch. In the case of nodular 
(knotty guts) trouble the parasites not 
yet encysted are quickly destroyed, and 
even those encysted checked in there de- 
structive progress in the intestines. 



The McCormick Harvesting Machine 
Co. sends us the following items, which 
will be read with interest by the host of 
McCormick friends in the South : 

We are advised by our European man- 
ager of the following tiiumphs of the Mc- 
Cormick in the field tria.s and exhibi- 
tions held on the dates and at the places 
named below : 

Edinitz, Bessarabia Government Exhi- 
bition held from May 18th to 23d, 1902, 
lar*e silver medal, the only award on 
harvesting machines presented by the 
Imperial Agricultural Society of Russia. 

Kampen, Holland, June 12, 1902, gold 
medal— first prize over thirteen compe- 
ting machines, including the Johnston, 
Deering, Osborne, Adriance, Buckeye, 
Emerson, Champion and Wood. This 
was the most extensive field trial ever 
held in Holland. 



THAT INTERNATIONAL STOCK 
FOOD TEST AT ODEBOLT, IOWA. 

If any of our readers have received 
circulars regarding the above mentioned 
test made by Prof. Kennedy, we invite 
them to write to the International Stock 
Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn., for some 
further particulars. We do not know 
personally of the merits of the contro- 
versy, but we know that Mr. M. W. 
Savage, proprietor of the "International," 
would not make a statement that cannot 
be verified. If we did not believe that 
International Stock Food will do what is 
claimed for it, we would not advertise it. 
We have heard numerous men who 
have used it say they wouldn't be with- 
out it. 

You can get a valuable book free by 
answering their advertisement elsewhere 
in this issue. 



ESSEX PIGS. 

Mr. L. G. Jone3, Bethania, N. C, is ad- 
vertising pigs of this popular breed in 
this issue. 



A BOY DOES 
A MAINS WORK 




SUPERIOR DISC DRILLS 

REQUIRE NO EXTRA HELP 
IN TRASHY GROUND. 

Discs roll over or cut through, trash 
and cover all the seed. 

The Disc does better work in hard or 
soft ground than any Hoe or Shoe Drill. 

The Superior Disc and Superior Feed 
make seeding easy and good results cer- 
tain. 

You run no risk when you buy a 
Superior. It is the drill for drilling all 
crops— Wheat, Oats, Cow Peas, Corn, 
etc., as well as all Grasses. 

Patents sustained in highest Courts. 

Your request on a postal card will 
bring Illustrated Catalogue No. 16. 

SUPERIOR DRILL CO. 

Springfield, Ohio, U. S. A. 



With a 



5VPERI0RDI5C DRILL 



A^ssmjl^, 



nnilll and FERTILIZER 

GRAIN DRILL 

^T mm The YORK FORCE FEED DRILL com- 
bines lightness with strength. Most complete drill 
made. No complex gearing to get out of order. Boxes 
are close to ground. Fully f 

Easily <\-<s==7te^ Guaranteed 
regulates 
quantity 
of seed 
or fer- 
tilizer, 
and 
sows 
with 
regu- 
larity. 

Welcht, ._ 
Only tOO lbs^ 
Agents Wanted. 
Write for Catalogue. 
THE HENCH & DR0MG0LD CO.? 
Mfrs., York, Pa. 




BAILEY'S HYDRAULIC RAM 

Buns 24 hours a day and 365 days a year 
40 years experience. Water for 
HOUSE; water for STOCK; 
Water for IRRIGATION. One* 
started costs but one cent per 
month. As simple as a wheel- 
barrow and as efficient as a 
Corliss Engine. Information 
and instruction In plain terms. 
Prices on ram or complete out- 
fit by return mall. Address 
PRYCE W. BAILEY, Expert, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 




cohsjaht FLOW OF WATER 

to the house, the barn, the garden or 
lawn is assured by the 

mCC HYDRAULIC 
r & ENGINE. 




RIFE ENGINE CO. 



Pumps water automat- 
ically. Better than any 
ram, engine or wind- 
Dill. Sold on 30 days 
trial. Fully guaranteed. 
Catalogue Free. 

126 Liberty St., New York. 



1902. j 



THE SOTJTHEBN PLA2&TEB. 



483 




•DOW WIRE 



FARM FENCE 

I PRICE AND QUALITY 
& WILL PLEASE YOU—* 
= WRITE US NOW. 

WORKS- Louisville.Ky, 




FENCE! 



STRONGEST 
MADE. Bun- 

strong. Chicken- 
tisht. Sold to the Farmer at Wholeial* 
Prices. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free. 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
Box 63 Winchester, Indiana, V. 8. A. 




THE STRONGEST 

friends PAGE FENCE has, are the people who have 

used It longest and tested its merits. 

PAGE WOVEN WIKE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH. 







WIRE FENCE 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, 
coiled spring wire, Sure Grip lock. In strength, 
appearance, and durability, the Hard Steel 
cannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and 
prices. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO . 

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 

ORNAMENTAL LAWN FENCE 

Buy from manufacturers 
direct and sa^e the Dealer's 
ProBtofaOto-Jopercc^t. We 
make many designs, and 
sell more Ornamental Fence 
than any other t"*70 firms 
in the busineso. AVhyt Be. 
cause ive cso not':?-;; but the 
best material ru:D(*-c=3 buy, 
sell c'.jrcct t-y l.:~ user at 
FACTORY PRICES anfl gnarantee my cuo c i erect 
oar fence. We make special prices to Cliurchcs, Ceme- 
teries and largo Parks. Send us yn'ir address. Ve ■vrlU 
take pleasure in mailing you our large 32 r>»<»e cat- log 
on Ornamental Fencing, free. If you are lmerest-e' in 
Farm Fencing send for our 42 papre Catalogue. Address 
„ ,, COILED SPRINC FENCE CO. 
Box Q, Winchester, Ind. U. S. A. 

STEEL ROOFING 

FREIGHT CHARGES PAID BY US 

Strictly new, perfect, Semi - Hardened 
Steel Sheets, 2 feet wide, 6 feet long. The 
best Roofing, Siding or Ceiling iou can use. 
No experience necessary to lay it. An 
ordinary hammer or hatchet the only 
tools you need. We furnish nails free 
and paint roofing two sides. Comes 
either flat, corrugated or "V" crimped. 
Delivered free of all eharges to all points 
in the U. S.. east of the Mississippi River 
i m m ■ m ant ^ North of the Ohio River 

AT $2.25 PER SQUARE 

Prices to other points on application* A square means 100 
square feet. Write for free Catalogue No. ltiti 
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., W. 35th and Iron Sis., Chicago 




RED RIPPER 



HAY.. 
PRESS 




Full circle. Double stroke. Light draught. 
Very simple and durable. Will make 20 neat 
and compact bales per hour. Recommended 
by Georgia State Farm. 

Price, $60 cash on cars at factory. 
Write to-day to 
SIKES BROS, a CO., Manufs., Helena, Ga. 



CUCUMBER AND TOMATO CATSUP. 

It is a remarkable fact that the cucum- 
ber retains its proverbial coolness even 
when being made into catsup, for it passes 
through this process without requiring 
any cooking, hence it is a desirable con- 
diment for a housekeeper to make in hot 
weather. Peel three dozen cucumbers 
before they begin to turn yellow, or the 
seeds be tough. Grate them into a bowl, 
on a clean grater. Add to this pulp, six 
large onions chopped up fine. Pat the 
grated cucumbers into a coarse linen towel 
or bag and squeeze it till every particle 
of the jaice is extracted. Put the squeezed 
out pulp back into the towel and add to 
it a half tea cup of salt, a tea cup of white 
sugar, two tablespoonfuls of black pepper 
in the grain, and three pints of strong 
vinegar. Stir all the ingredients togeth- 
er, and then bottle the cucumber catsup. 
You will find it extremely nice to eat 
with fish or with fresh pork. The latter 
is much less apt to produce indigestion 
when eaten with some acid condiment. 

Tomato catsup is best made early in the 
morning, as soon as the cook takes off her 
breakfast, and nothing improves it more 
than to run the tomatoes through a col- 
ander, otherwise it will be hard to get 
the catsup into a bottle, and still harder 
to get it out. Fill up a large kettle or 
dinner pot with tomatoes without peeling 
them, or adding anv water, a3 their own 
juice will suffice. When the skins begin 
to come off, and the tomatoes to boil, take 
them off the stove and put them in a 
large bowl or dish pan to cool. When 
they have cooled enough to admit of 
being handled, squeeze them through a 
colander, rubbing them over the surface 
of it with your hands. This gives you 
the pure juice and pulp, separated from 
the cores, skins and seed, which may be 
thrown to the chickens. If you desire 
to make sweet catsup, observe the follow- 
ing proportions for two gallons of toma- 
toes. Put back the juice and pulp into a 
kettle, adding to it one ounce of cloves, or 
if you prefer it, one ounce of allspice, two 
cups of salt, and four heaping cups of su- 
gar. When this has boiled down one- 
third, add a half gallon of strong vinegar. 
Boil until it thickens, then bottle it, and 
seal with corks and cement while hot. 
The above proportions ought to make 
twelve pints of sweet catsup. If you wish 
to make an acid catsup, prepare the to- 
matoes as above directed, but season 
them differently, adding chopped onions, 
pepper (either red or black), ginger, and 
a little mustard. 

The nicest condiment I have ever seen 
made of tomatoes is a sauce made of to- 
matoes and horse radish. Take a kettle 
full of ripe tomatoes, boil them in their 
skins, then mash them with a wooden 
spoon or paddle, thereby reducing them 
to fine pulp. Measure this pulp, and to 
a gallon of it add two pounds of white 
sugar, six tablespoonfuls of salt and the 
same of mustard, and a quart of grated 
horse radish. Put it back on the fctove, 
let it boil awhile, and then add a quart of 
strong cider vinegar. After the vinegar 
has boiled take off the sauce and bottle 
it, and you will find it extremely nice 
addition to either " fish, flesh or fowl." 
The scarcity of fruit this year leads me to 
recommend to housekeepers not to make 




Every farmer 
should know 
all about 

POTASH 



Our books contain 
the teachings of the 
best agricultural au- 
thorities. 

We mail them free 
to farmers. 

GERMAN KALI WORKS 
93 Nassau St., New York 




Canvas Goods 

WATERPROOF AND PLAIN 

STACK, WAGON, 

IMPLEMENT, BINDER AND 
HORSE COVERS, 

HAY CAPS, TENTS 

LOW PRICES. CIRCULARS 
AND SAMPLES. 

HENRY DERBY, 
124 Chambers St., New York, N. Y. 



THE IMPROVED 

SCREW STUMP POLLER 

Write fo Prlcea. 




Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. ¥., D. S. A. 

—AN IMPROVED— 

SWEET POTATO HOUSE. 

Simple and easy of construction that will 
keep sweet potatoes in good condition until 
the new crop comes in. Inclose 50 cents to 
Bryan Tyson. Carthage, N. C., and receive, 
postpaid, a pamphlet containing necessary 
cuts and full instructions for constructing. 

Please name this paper. 



484 



THE SOUTHEKN PLA2SJTEB. 



[August 



VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 

(State Agricultural and Mechanical 
College), at Blacksburg, Va. 
A Southern Institute of Technology 
Thirty Instructors. Thoroughly equipped 
Shops, Laboratories and Infirmary. Farm 
of four hundred acres. Steam heating and 
electric lights in dormitories. Degree courses 
In Agriculture, Horticulture, Civil, Mechani- 
cal and Electrical Engineering, Applied Chem- 
istry and General Science. Shorter courses in 
in Practical Agriculture and Practical Me- 
cliJinics * 

Total cost of Session of Nine Months, in- 
cluding Tuition and other fees, Board, Wash- 
ing, TextrBooks, Medical Attendance, etc., 
about $210. Cost to State students, about 8180. 
Next Session begins September 22, 1902. For 
catalogue and other information, apply to 

J. M McBRYDE* Ph. D., LL. D., President 




Is the oldest and only business college in Va. own- 
ing its building — a grand new one. No vacations. 
Ladies & gentlemen. Bookkeeping, Shorthand 
Typewriting, Penmanship, Telegraphy, &c. 

Leading business college south of the Potomac 
river." — Phila. Stenographer. Address, ( 

G. M. Smithdeal, President, Richmond, Va. 



TELEGRAPHY 



A Tele- 
graph Op- 
erator's 
work is 

honorable, professional, light, and pays good 
wages all the year round. We teach it quickly 
and in a practical way. Now is an opportune 
time to learn t his art. We also agree to secure 
for our patrons situations. Write to-day for 
particulars. 
SHARP'S SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY, 

Huntington, Ind. 



..WANTED.. 

A lady graduate, of five years experience, 
desires a position in private school or family. 
Can teach English. History, Literature, Math- 
ematics, Music. References given on applica- 
tion. Address 

Hiss M. L. SANDY, Burke ville, Va. 

..WANTED.. 

By practical Poultryman, correspondence 
with a man with capital who will establish a 
Poultry and Pekin Duck plant. Good inter- 
est on the money so invested. Have handled 
successfully various makes of Incubators and 
Brooding Systems. Am a married man, no 
children. Can give No. 1 references as to char- 
acter and ability, and same required. 
Address POULTRYHAN, 

care Southern Planter. 



Position Wanted KKS 

manager or foreman. Up-to-date in farming, 
dairying, butter-making, gardening, cattle, 
sheep, swine, poultry-raising and bees. 

R S., care Southern Planter. 
PAUMTOJEIE'S 

Law and Collection Association, 

Established 1884. Claims collected 

in all parts of the United States. 

No collection — no charge. 

P. 0. Box 503. 905J* East Main Street 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

#5.00 FOR 100 NAMES. 

Send stamp and full address. We will tell you 
how to get it. c GA | NS C0-> Lovettsvflle, Va. 



up all their tomatoes in catsup, but to 
utilize the yellow ones in preserves and 
jelly, heavily flavored with lemon, cinna- 
mon and vinegar, as otherwise tomatoes 
have a sickening taste when preserved. 
Alice .Winston, 
Wingina, Nelson Co., Va. 



THE N. C. AGRICULTURAL 
COLLEGE. 

We invite attention to the advertise- 
ment of the North Carolina Agricultural 
College. This College has made great 
progress within the last year, as the num- 
ber of agricultural students increased 
from seventeen to seventy-eight. The 
Trustees have provided for 120 agricul- 
tural scholarships this year, and it is ex- 
pected that the number of students will 
reach 100. Write to Prof. Chas. Burkett 
for particulars and catalogue. 



THE VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC 
INSTITUTE. 

The advertisement of the Virginia 
Polytechnic Institute at Blacksburg ap- 
pears in another column in this issue. 
Under the direction of Dr. J. M. Mc- 
Bryde, this institution has made wonder- 
ful progress. Last year more than 500 
students were enrolled. This year there 
will be, in all probability, more applica- 
tions than can be accommodated. The 
V. P. I. has an enviable reputation in 
that it always has numerous applica- 
tions for its graduates in all departments, 
and we know of numeious instances 
where the boys have been taken at 
splendid salaries immediately upon- leav- 
ing school. Send for catalogue. 

THE VALUE OF MANUAL 
TRAINING. 

Manual training gives tone to the 
studies, gives a most pleasing variety, 
and above all, gives application of prin- 
ciples learned in the books — which quick 
ens thought, develops study, and greatly 
increases the desire for knowledge, says 
C. E. Vawter, of the Miller School. Each 
department is a most hopeful aid to the 
other. It is a sin and a shame to allow 
the youth of our country to grow up with- 
out a proper development of all their 
powers, and without offering them an ed- 
ucation that fits them for the highest 
order of manhood. 

But some will say that this is for the 
poorer classes. Well, to that I might re- 
ply, that surely then, this is the educa- 
tion for us. But to speak soberly, this is 
a great mistake. All classes should have 
it. The health, the independence, the 
knowledge of natural things make it most 
desirable for all. But it is a fact that in 
some way nearly all of us work for a liv- 
ing. If one is not under this head, he 
knows not how soon he may come under 
it. The rich should have it, the poor 
must have it, or sink to miserable plod - 
ders, scuffling every day to keep the wolf 
from their door. 



HEREFORD CATTLE AND DORSET 

SHEEP 
are advertised in this issue by H. Arm- 
strong, Lantz Mills, Va. 



\ "Coated" 

with stale eggs, glue 
and o\ aer things are 
not fit to drink. 

Lion Coffee 



is pure, «uncoated 
coffee — fresh, strong, 
well flavored. 

The sealed package in- 
sures uniform quality 
and freihntu. 



jlL. 



LIME 



AGRICULTURAL 
and BUILDERS' 

Send for Circulars and Price-Llst. 
FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS 

REfeVES CATT, Agent, 
Bodley, Augusta County, Va. 

FR AZER 

* Axle Crease &£%£*&. 

1 Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 

• tually outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand, 

Not affected by beat. **-Gct the Genuine. 

FOR SALE BY ALI, DEALERS. 



C1U inOC CPU F and other insects can 
uAR UUdt uUfiLC. be controlled by using 

Good's Caustic Potash Whale 
Oil Soap, No. 3. 

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en- 
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well 
as Insecticide. 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs, 
84.60. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3%c. per lb. ; 
barrels, 425 lbs., at 3Vc. Large quantities, 
special rates. Send for circular. 

JAMES GOOD. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



939-41 N. Front St., 



it 



Feeds ^Feeding 



>> 



Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
Farmers and Stockmen. 

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.26 



WROUGHT IRON PIPE 

Good condition, used short time only; new threads 
and couplings; for Steam, Gas or Water; sizes from H 
to 12 inch diameter. Our price per foot on &" inch is 
So | on 1 inch 3)£c. Write for free catalogue No. ign 

» GHICAC0 HOUSE WRECKING CO., • ' 

W. 85th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO. 



WAN1TPH BOYS and GIRLS to EAR1T 
W/\l^lErL» PREMIUMS. Send stamp 

for particulars. Address 

MUNR0 NOVELTY CO.. Box 167, Attleboro, Mast. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER. 



485 



HOMES 



FOR SALE 

DAIRY FARM and HERD 

Farm containing 83% acres, together with 
fine dairy herd of 45 cows, horses, dairy wag- 
ons, general equipment, modern dairy ma- 
chinery, well established milk route tor 150 
gals, milk dally. Five room dwelling, cow 
barns, silo and other necessary buildings ; also 
telephone communication. Farm located 
about 1 mil* from city of Danville. This is one 
of the best opportunities for dairying in this 
section of country. This property is on mar- 
ket on account of death of the late Joseph 
Coates. For further particulars apply to 

RICHARD COATES. Danville, Va., 

Egec of Jos. Coates Dec'd. 

"~~" AND THE PLACE TO 
FIND THEM._^> 

No place in the United States can a man 
do so well at farming, for the money in- 
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ; 
climate good, and the best of markets 
close at hand. It is the State of all 
others, for a comfortable all the year 
round home. The James River Valley 
Colonization and Improvement Company 
offer superior advantages to land pur- 
chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet, 
address 

W. A. PARSONS, VInita, Va. 

/.A FINE FARM .'. 

Located on North river, Gloucester County, 
Va., for sa e at a reasonable figure. Comprises 
720 acres, 640 open and available to plow, well 
watered and suitable to all grains and grasses. 
Well adapted to grazing of both sheep and 
cattle. Fine shade, good house (11 rooms), 
large porches and cellar. Fifteen acres lawn, 
young orchard in bearing. Necessary out 
buildings ; Post-office 1 mile from house ; Good 
fences, large oyster shore. An ideal home and 
farm. Sale for division. Information by cor- 
responding with D P. SANDERS, Gloucester, Va., 
JOHN SANDERS. James Store, Va. 

..Magnificent Estate.. 

Known as the Hampstead Farm, situated 
on the Pamunkey river, for sale. Contains 
nearly 1600 acres, 800 of which Is river bottom 
land, the remainder being upland and timber. 
Large deposits of green sand marl ; brick barn 
with wood stable attached; also houses for 
8heep, etc. Splendid dwelling said to have 
cost $60,000. Property now owned by stock 
company. Price; $20 per acre, on easy terms. 
For further particulars, address 

"PAMUNKEY," care Southern Planter. 

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF 

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS. 

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with 

good buildings, close to steam and trolley 

lines, easy access to the city. Also 

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS 

From 100 to 1,000 acres at low prices, all the 
way from $5 to 850 per acre. Write for 
Catalogue. 
THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, Va. 

J. R. Hockaday, Manager. 

FARM FOR SALE 

In Bladen county, N. C. Consisting of 104 
acres, 70 acres cleared and in good state of 
cultivation. A new five-room house, barn, 
stalls and gin house, 1 tenant house, 2 wells of 
good water, 1% miles from steamer landing 
on Cape Fear river Convenient to church and 
school: healthy and good neighborhood ; 34 
acres of native timber; stock and all neces- 
sary Implements at a bargain, as I wish to go 
Cuba. Address j. r. SQUIRES. Squire*. N. C. 

Virginia Farms 

All prices and sizes. Free list on application. 
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond, Va. 



THE HISTORY OF A SPRIG OF 
GERANIUM-A STORY FOR 
YOUNG FOLKS. 

By Mary Washington. 

[ Continued from July number.'] 

Chapter III. 

As October advanced, the annuals died 
out, and the threat of approaching frost 
warned Anna to move her geraniums in- 
to the house." She put them in the kit- 
chen as before, but as her stock was 
more bulky than before, she could no 
longer make use of her mother's bread 
shelf, but got her father to put her up 
two larger slate shelves in another corn- 
er of the kitchen, and when the nights 
grew bitter cold, she pursued the same 
plan with her flowers that her mother 
did with her bread, and thus she saved 
them through the winter. In the au- 
tumn, she had earned several dollars, 
which she gave to her mother, and the 
latter laid them aside to help get medi- 
cines, or extra comforts for her, during 
the winter, but the fresh air and sun- 
shine, and increased cheerfulness pro- 
duced by congenial work seemed to have 
wrought a beneficial change in Anna's 
health, and she was so unusually well 
this winter that she needed very little 
medicine, so in the spring, her mother 
handed her back a dollar that was left of 
her little fund, telling her that she was 
fairly entitled to spend it for her own 
pleasure. This enabled her to realize a 
wish she had long entertained — to buy a 
few roses. As soon as the spring weath- 
er became settled, she went in her aunt's 
market wagon to the floral establishment 
beyond her home, and invested in four 
roses, a Jacqueminot, " Pearl of the Gar- 
den, " " Sunset " and " Bride. " Never 
was a little girl happier or more trium- 
phant. Her father and brothers enlarg- 
ed her border and got it in nice order for 
her, and help and encouragement came 
flowing in from various quarters, for 
every one who knew of her, Beemed in- 
terested in her undertaking, and disposed 
to forward it. Early in the spring, Mrs. 
Akers had sent her a stock of sweet, old 
fashioned flowers, honey suckles, pinks, 
hyacinths, violets and lilies of the valley, 
and Mr. Akers had sent her a large farm, 
wagon of rich earth. Aunt Jane had 
grubbed her up a number of roots of the 
Virginia creeper, or trumpet flower which 
Anna planted around the fence and 
porch. Altogether, her operations were 
greatly enlarged from those .of the year 
before, and her gains proportionally 
larger. Apart from what her aunt sold 
for her, she now sold a good deal for 
herself, as her bright, pretty flower beds 
tempted passers by to stop and purchase. 

In the autumn, her gains justified 
her in having a pit, by her father's doing 
the digging and carpentry for her. For- 
tunately for the furtherance of her 
wishes, it happened to be a slack time in 
his business, and as he was especially 
indulgent to his delicate child (giving 
her the more real present of his work, 
where a wealthier parent would have 
given money) he fell to digging her pit 
with a hearty good will, and after he had 



Horse Owners! Use 

GOMBATJLT'S 

Caustic 




Balsam! 



a Safe Speed; tad Positive Cart 

The Safest, Beat BLISTER overused. Take* 

the place or all liniments for mild or severe action. 

Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Homes 

£?.££&HfA S H PER ?, E P ES . A, -I- CAUTERY 
OR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $1. SO per bottle. Sold by druggists, or 
■eat by express, charges paid, with full directions 
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS CO., Cleveland O, 



Newton's lleare, Congh, Dit- 
temper and Indigestion Core. 

A veterinary specific for wind, 
throat and stomach troubles. 
Strong recommends. $1 per 
can. Dealers, mail or Ex. paid. 
A'ewton Horse Remedy Co. 
It I Toledo. Oh ... 



Protect Your Buildings 

Against Llghlning, by using our latest 
improved 

Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 




Satisfaction guaranteed. 
JN0. H. MOORE, 1211 E. Broad St., Richmond, Va. 

* POTATO PLANTER i 

Cheapest Potato Planter an the maket. Send 
for circular. Address J. R. 8TEITZ, 

Station D. R. No. 1., Milwaukee, Wis. 



A BARGAIN 



IN 63 ACRES 
...OF LAND 

In sight of Richmond, "Va. Pine large house 
with modern improvements ; fine large barn 
and other improvements; large orchard: so- 
ciety the best. Will be sold cheap with stock 
and crops. Would make a fine daliy farm. 
Address Oak Shade, care Southern Planter. 

PIMP PADMQ in the great fruit grain and 
I inc. rUtl WO stock section of VIRGINIA. 

Best climate and water in the U. S. Near 
great markets, with best educational advan- 
tages. For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va. 




VIRGINIA FARMS 

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS. 
Easy Payments. Catalogue Tree. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va. 

Established 1875. 



For fall particulars 

write A. JEPPERS, 

Norfolk, Va. 



S.B.ADKINS&CO. 

^ 4 and 6 Governor Street. 
** RICHMOND, VA. 
EXPERT BOOKBINDERS 
and Commercial Printers. 



486 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



FINE STOCK AT A BARGAIN. 




One trotting bred brown gelding, coming 4 
yrs. old, 15% hands, weight 1000. Trim as 
a fawn, and dashing in style and action. 
Can negotiate a mile in 3 minutes under 
* the lines without effbr'. His future is big 
with promise. Sinewy, hardy and tough. 
With just a bit more of age and service 
will make a model family horse. On any 
city market he would so " like hot cakes" 
at $200. To sell at once we will lake $150. 

One reg. Aberdeen- Angus Heifer coming 3 yrs. 
old, bred to our Imported herd bull, Rubi- 
con Migno 2nd, No 4121, Price, 8125— a 
bargain. 

Several fir e milch cows, in calf, by the above- 
medtioned bull. Price, 830 each. 

Two superb, reg. Aberdeen-Angus hull calves, 

One reg. Dorset Buck, 4 yrs. old. Very large, 
fine and vigorous. Price, 825. 

One fine. reg. Dorset Ram Lamb. Price, 815. 

One grade Dorset Ram Lamb. Price, 86. 

One lot of S ropshire-Southdown Ewes, 2 and 
3 yrs. old. Pric, 83.50, 

Six Shropshire-Southdown Ewe Lambs. 
Price. 83. 

Three Shropshire Southdown Ram Lambs. 
Price, S3. 

Nine head beautiful, reg. Angora Goats; On.e 
Buck ; Price, 820. Six Does ; Price, 812 each. 
Two Buck Kids ; Price, 810 each. 
Address W. M. WATKINS & SONS, 
Cottage Valley Stock Farm, 

Randolph, Charlotte Co., Va. 

FAMILY HORSE! 

One eight-year-old black roan mare, 
weight, 1,050. Quick, blocky.and well- 
made. Splendid driver. Price, 8125. 
Addres 
JNO. E. WATKINS, Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va. 

FOR SALE 

At a figure which he should earn this sea- 
son, the 

IMPORTED HACKNEY STALLION, 

THE DUKE, 

Reg. in English and American Hackney 
Stud Boobs, by Silver Star, dam Lady Fanny, 
by Rob Roy. A grand individual, nicely 
broken to saddle and harness, and sires fine 
colts. Address 

T. 0. SANDY, The Grove Stock Farm. Burkeville. Va- 

$250 WILL BUY JACK, "STARLIGHT," 

As fine a Jack as there is in 
the State. 

Six year-* old, 15 hands high, weighs about 
1.000 lbs., black, with white points, kind and 
gentle, broke to harness, an unusual sure foal 
getter, will pay for himself in one season. 

Satisfactory reasons for selling. 

J. W. and T. H. MASSEY, Hampton, Va. 



$WANTED€ 

Common and half-bred Angora Goats. 
Must be cheap. Address 

H. B. START, - Amelia C. H, Va. 

AIIPftDI PflATO are handsome, hardy and 
ANuUriA UUAlU profitable. For large cir- 
cular address E. W. COLE & CO , Kenton, Ohio. 



finished the wood work, she completed it 
by buying and adding the sash. She 
stocked it with geraniums, heliotropes, 
large double violets, both blue and white, 
and other flowers desirable alike from 
being both beautiful and saleable, and 
she still had money enough to provide 
for her own needs without calling on her 
parents. 

We will not follow her career step by 
step. Suffice it to say that in ten years 
from the time the sprig of geranium was 
dropped, "by heavenly chance express," 
at her gate, by thrift, pains and diligence 
on her part, she found herself at the head 
of a beautiful and choice little floral es- 
tablishment, where she was enabled, by 
the goodness of Providence, to support 
herself, give employment to her brothers, 
and help her paients, and all in the 
pursuit of a calling that added greatly to 
her health and happiness. Behold ! what 
great results, under Providence, can 
spring from a small beginning! Like 
the mustard tree, springing from the 
tiniest of seed ! 



® FILSTON FARM. ® 



SHOP-MIXED COMBINATIONS 

The best machine-mixed paints are net" 
ter than the shop mixed paints, other 
thiugs being equal. But many painters 
haye an insuperable objection to using 
any paint of which they do not know the 
formula. 

This objection does not apply, of course, 
to the many excellent prepared paints 
now on the market, with formula, analy- 
sis and guarantee printed on the label 

The painter, however, also likes to save 
the profit of manufacturing for himself, 
and there is no great objection to his doing 
so if he makes the combination with the 
necessary care. The approved formula is 
about two-thirds American zinc to one- 
third lead, tinted to the desired shade. 

The proper procedure is to procure both 
the zinc and the lea 1 ground in oil. First 
break up the zinc in oil or turpentine, 
according to the nature of the work, then 
break up the lead in the same manner, 
and finally stir the latter into the former, 
always adding the heavier pigment to the 
lighter. The tinting color is finally incor- 
porated and the whole then run through 
the painters' sieve or strainer. 

This method will insure as close an in- 
corporation of the constituent pigments as 
is possible without grinding. Such a 
combination will look better and wear 
longer than any of the paints ordinarily 
used, the only precautions being that the 
surface to which it is applied is perfectly 
dry, that the work is not done in humid 
weather, and that each coat is allowed to 
harden well oefore the next is applied. 
Stanton Dudley. 



HEREFORDS AT CASTALIA, 
Mr. Murray Boocock, Keswick, Va., 
owner of the Castalia Herefords, informs 
us that he has thus far this month ship- 
ped three bulls and four cows, all regis- 
tered, to different parts of Virginia. We 
are glad to note that all of the good stock 
is not going out of the State. We hope 
Mr. Boocock will keep up the good work 
against the "Scrub" by giving an ocular 
demonstration to our farmers as to what 
really can be done with thoroughbred 
stock — Herefords in particular. 



SECOND LARGEST 

JERSEY HERD 

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED 1882. 

BULL CALVES, and for the first time, Heifers 
bred to Imported Golden Peter, and Heifer 
Calves and a few aged Cows. 

BERKSHIRES. all ages, sired by Imported 
Storm King, or Imported Esau 2nd, Size, 
good shape and large litters. 

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of The 
Farm, or prices 

E. M. GILLET, Clerk, Glencoe, Md. 
ASA B. GARDINER, Jr., Manager 

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Has for sale a large num- 
ber of nice young regis- 
tered A. J. C. C. 




JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 

None better bred in the South. Combining 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood 
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25.00. 
Heifers, same age, $35.00. POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS, 85.00 each. Send check and get what 
you want. 

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop., Battleboro, N. C. 

•DHIRY HERD- 

AT A BARGAIN! 

Desiring to retire from active business, I 
offer, for immediate sale, my entire herd of 44 
pure bred 

JERSEY CATTLE, 

36 of which are under 4 years old. I will also 
sell all equipment of the Dairy, consisting of 
Engine, Boiltr, Separator, Refrigerator, But- 
ter Worker, Cans, etc. $2,250 will take every- 
thing. The purchaser of the above can also 
purchase or rent 250 acres of my farm on 
which to continue the business. For further 
particulars address 

A. R. VENABLE, Jr., Farmville, Va. 
..OAK HILL FARM.. 

Holstein and Jersey Cattle, 
Biltmore Berkshires. 

Wishing to reduce my stock, will sell cheap. 
Every thing from Oak Hill Farm is guaran- 
teed first-class, and as represented. Address > 
Oak Hill Station SAM'L HAIRSTON, 

en the Farm. Wenonda, Va. 

COLLIE PUPS! 

By prize-winning imported sires and trairj ed 
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm. 
Price, $10, either sex. Also a book on the care 
and training of the Collie for all practical uses. 
Price, 50c. Copy of book free to purchaser ot 
Collie. 

Stock Farm, "MAPLEMONT," Albany, Ver. 

IHSISte 

GREENSBORO, N.C. 

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE «nd 
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustions 

When corresponding with advertisers, 
kindly mention that you saw their adver- 
tisement in the Sovihern Planter. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



487 



HEREFORDS. 



High=Class 

Animals 

Ready 
Service. 



BERKSHIRES. 

Young stock for sale at all times. 
Information and terms upon application. 

EDW. G. BUTLER, ANNEFIELD FARMS, 
BRIGGS, CLARKE CO., VA. 




.ESSEX PIGS.. 

Some extra fine 
pigs, from 810 to $15 
per pair, and 2 to 4 
months old. Al 1 
stock offerered for 
sale are eligible to 
registry. Your or- 
ders solicited. 
Address L. G. JONES, Bethania. N. C. 



TAMWORTH 

And POLAND-CHINA PIGS For Sale. 

From registered stock. 8 weeks old, 85.00 
Apply to 

J. C. GRAVES, - Barboursville, Va. 

PIT GAMES 

RED HORSE and IRISH REDS. 

I have a fine lot of these Chickens for sale. 
April hatched, and well-grown. Cocke- 
rels 81.00, Pullets 75 cents each, 
1 Cockerel and 2 Pullets, 82.00. 

A. S CRAVEN, - Greenwood, Va. 




From Pure-Bred Fowls, Cheap. 

The Imperial Fruit and Poultry Farm Is in 
a position to offer Eggs from pure bred B. P. 
Rocks and S. C. B. Legborns at 50c. setting of 
15. Reference furnished. 

P. H. HEYDEUREICH, Prop., Staunton, Va. 

CLOVER HILL FARM. 

CffC FOR HATCHING 

BARRED WHITE ROCKS, BROWN and 
WHITE LEGHORNS, S. C. LECHORNS. 

75c. per setting of 15 ; 3 settings, 82. Rose Comb 
Brown Leghorns, 81 per setting. A few more 
cockerels of above varieties for sale. Also a 
Yearling Jersey Bull, entitled to registry. 
J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm, 

Manassas, Va. 

Mention the Southirn Planter when 
writing advertisers. 



ORNAMENTAL FENCING. 

For several months past the advertise- 
ment of the Coiled Spring Fence Com- 
pany, of Winchester, Ind , calling atten- 
tion to the Ornamental Fence manufac- 
tured by them, has appeared in these col- 
umns. 

Many years of experience in the fence 
business has enabled this firm to make 
a fence that is not ODly beautiful and a 
credit to any property but strong and 
durable as well, affording best protection 




r^i-^r^s* 



and requiring little attention or repair 
after erection. 

The fencing is made in many different 
styles and sold at prices that are aston- 
ishingly low, and under absolute guar- 
antee to give satisfaction. It will pay 
our readers to send for one of their large 
illustrated catalogues, which are free for 
the asking. Kindly mention the South- 
ern Planter. 



SUPPLY vs. DEMAND. 

Scene. — The Cook County Juvenile 
Court. 

Dramatis Personx. — Judge, Jurors, 
State's Attorney, one McGreevy (red 
headed), Mrs. Casey (probation officer 
and police matron), spectators, and 
numerous children, the latter, especially, 
unwashed. 

Plot.— An attempt by the State to take 
away from McGreevy a flock of children 
whom he compelled to beg and to live in 
squalor, while he and his wife lived on 
the proceeds of the begging and — largely 
— on alcoholic stimulants. 

Mrs. Casey, called by the State, takes 
the stand and is sworn. 

" Yer Honor th' Jedge, an' gihtlemin 
av th' joory, I'm Mrs. Mary Ca-asey, an 
off'cer av this coort. 

" I wint to this mon's house, — this rid- 
hidded mon McGreevy, here,— an' rapped 
on th' dure, an' he come to th' dure an' 
opened it. 

" ' You're Mrs. Ca-asey ? ' he says to me. 

" ' I am Mrs. Ca-asey,' I Bays to him, I 
says, ' I'm a probation off'cer,' I says, ' av 
th' Joov-nile Coort ' I says, ' an' I'll see 
yer wife,' I says, ' she's in the room be- 
yant.' 

" ' Ye'll not see my wife,' says he. 'Any 
talkin',' says he, ' that's done by this 
fam'ly,' says he, ' '11 be done by me,' he 
says. 

" An' . thin', 'yer Honor the Jedge, an' 
gintlemin av th, joory, he says to me, this 
rid-hidded mon McGreevy says to me, 
' Mrs. Ca asey,' he says, ' you can go to 
haitch-e double-1,' he says to me, 'an',' 
he says [impressively], 'th' the coort can 
go with you,' he says. 

" ' An' Mrs. Ca-asey,' he says,— this rid- 
hidded mon McGreedy a-standin' here 
says to me, he says, — ' Mrs. Ca-asey, you 
can take away my childer av ye dee-a-m-n 
plaze,' he eays [pause to gather breath], 
' fer,' he says, ' 1 have more a-comin'.' " 

Sensation in court, and finale. — John 
Swain, in the June Lippincott. 



DORSET 
SHEEP^ 

My entire flock of Dorsets, 
registered and eligible, 

FOR SALE. 

44 head, exclusive of 
present crop of lambs. 
Fine stock ; low price. 

WALTER WATSON, 

SAL WL VA. 



W 9 I ■ ■ ■ 

Farm Bulletin 

Nice BERKSHIRE PIGS for 

sale now. Also a few DOR- 
SET RAM LAMBS left. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
BlaGksburg, Va. 

DORSET HORNED SHEEP. 

I offer thoroughbred and high-grade 
RA wS of this most popular breed ; also 
300 grade EWES, suitable for raising 
hot-house or winter Lambs. Rams 
turned with them in May. 

SAM'L T. HENINGER, Burke's Garden, Va. 

DORSETS and 
HEREFORDS 

H. ARMSTRONG, - Lantz Mills, Va. 

Lar i e English Berkshires 



AND 



Dorset Horned Sheep 

IMPORTED BOARS AT HEAD OF 
SERVICE. Send for 1902 Catalogue. 

N. S. BURBIER, New Midway, Md. 

■mpS ™ GRADE EWES, 
40 RAMBOMLLET EWES, 

One fine driving horse and a few 

work mules for sale. 

Pasturage for HORSES, MULES and CATTLE. 

JNO. MATHEWS, East Richmond, Va. 



488 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 



[August 



ELLERSLIE FARF\rW^ 
Thoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown Sheep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

Fob Salb. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 

EAST RIVER SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR SALE, 

SUPERB BULL CALF 

6 mos. old, fit to go In any company. 
For price, address 

JAMES F. CLEMMER, Summerdean, Va 

ANGUS BULL CALVES 

Registered and unrecorded. Stock first- 
class, and breeding the best. 

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP 

First class yearling rams, and ewes of 
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale. 

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va. 

POLAND-CHINA PIGS 

MALE AND FEMALE. 
Registered and Eligible. 

i. B. CRAIG, Sturgeon Pt., Charles City Co., Va. 

REGISTERED BERKSHIRES. 

Fine lot of Pigs now ready. 

Can furnish pairs not akin. 

J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Buck. Co., Va. 

Southdown Bucks 

5 yearlings, 2 early lambs. High- 
grades; also 1 thoroughbred lamb. 
Price very reasonable. 

H. HARVEY BARTON, Dublin, Pulaski Co.,Va. 
RAMS! FOR SALE. 

I offer pure bred SOUTHDOWN RAMS, 
three years old, at 815.00 and 810.00 each, 
also two pure-bred DORSET RAMS, 

two years old, at $15.00 each. 

W. S. FOSTER, - Blacksburg, Va. 

Fine Shropshire... 

Ram and Ewe Lambs for sale. Apply to 

ALVIN LEE HANSON. Grayton, Chas. Co., Md. 

GRASSMERE STOCK FARM, Glen Allen, Va. 



TROTTING, SADDLE and 
HIGH STEPPING HORSES 

Educated, bought and soldoncommlsion,and 
kept by the month or year. High-class POUL- 
TRY and BELGIAN HARES for sale at reasonable 
rates. Write for circulars ; no trouble to an- 
swer questions. Satisfaction guaranteed. 

CHANDLER QUINT1N, Veterinarian, 
40 yrs. experience on the best stock farms in 
America. 



MAGAZINES. 

Although the August Century is a Mid- 
summer Holiday Number, with colored 
cover and with illustrations in color, the 
general reader will be likely to turn first 
to the articles relating to the West In- 
dian disasters. These include contempo- 
rary records of the action of both volca- 
noes from day to day, almost from hour 
to hour. The Martinique material is 
grouped under the title ''The Last Days 
of St. Pierre," and comprises (1) a long 
and specific letter from the Vicar-Gen- 
eral of Martinique to the absent Bishop, 
written in the form of a journal and cov- 
ering the days from May 2d to 21st, the 
eruption being on the 8th, and (2) a re- 
print of the evening newspaper of St. 
Pierre, "Les Colonies," for the week of 
May 1-7, or so much of it as relates to 
"Life in the Doomed City," as the article 
is called. These two documents were 
preserved through the forethought of 
Chaplain MacGrail, of the Dixie, and 
although a portion of "Les Colonies" was 
given by him to newspaper correspond- 
ents, much the larger part is entirely new 
to the American reader. The letter and 
the newspaper extracts together make a 
vivid and authoritative record of historic 
interest and value. 

" The Catastrophe in St. Vincent " is 
treated by S. C. Reid, who furnishes in- 
troductions and notes to two narratives 
(1) by the Chief of Police of St. Vincent, 
Captain Calder, and (2) by T. McGregor 
McDonald, proprietor of the Richmond 
Vale estate, which was overwhelmed by 
the volcanic scourge. Each of these gen- 
tlemen had a narrow escape, which is 
here described, and each made particular 
record of the phenomena of the erup- 
tions of La Soufriere as they occurred. 
For comparison with these documents 
the editor reprints the younger Pliny's 
account of "The Eruption of Vesuvius," 
the only source of the direct knowledge 
of the event which exists. The reader is 
prepared for these articles by a general 
paper on "Earthquakes and Volcanoes" 
by James Furman Kemp, Professor of 
Geology in Columbia University, which 
is fully illustrated by pictures and 
sketches, and deals in large measure 
with the Charleston earthquake and 
American volcanoes. 

The color feature of the number is a 
paper on "The New New York" by Ran- 
dall Blackshaw, with pictures by Jules 
Guerin, a number of which, including 
the frontispiece, "The New York Public 
Library," are printed in color. Now that 
New York is being so largely rebuilt, 
this review of its recent material 
progress may be considered a timely 
article. The papers on " The Great 
Southwest" by Ray Stannard Baker 
come to a conclusion with an arti- 
cle on "The Tragedy of the Range," 
which is illustrated by Maxfield Parrish, 
and deals particularly with the cattle 
and sheep questions. Another feature 
relating to the West is begun in "Chap- 
ters from the Biography of a Prairie 
Girl" by Eleanor Gates, a new writer, 
which is announced as a sort of natural 
history of life in Dakota twenty-five 
years ago, where the writer spent her 
girlhood. The first chapter opens with a 
vivid portrayal of a blizzaed and imme- 




The following list of papers and periodicals 
*re the most popular ones In this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever 
Journal you wish. 



DAILIES. pr,ce with 

ALONE. PLANTER. 

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va 85 00 85 25 

The Times, " " 3 00 3 00 

The Post, Washington, D. O 6 00 6 00 

SEMI- WEEKLIES. 

The Dispatch, Riohmond, Va 1 00 1 25 

The World (thrice-a-week), N. Y 1 00 1 26 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

" Bazaar 1 00 1 40 

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 1 00 

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 35 

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 75 

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 35 

Country Gentleman 1 50 1 75 

The Times, Riohmond, Va 50 65 

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 2 25 

Central Presbyterian, " "... 2 00 2 50 

Christian Advocate, " " ... 1 50 1 75 

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 4 00 

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00 

Horseman 3 00 3 00 

MONTHLIES. 

North American Review 5 00 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas " 8 00 3 25 

Upplncott's " 2 50 2 50 

Harper's " 4 00 4 00 

Forum " 3 00 3 25 

Scribner's " 3 00 8 25 

Frank Leslies " 1 00 1 35 

Cosmopolitan " 1 00 1 85 

Everybody's " 1 00 1 35 

Munsey " 1 00 1 35 

Strand " 1 25 1 65 

McClure's " 1 00 1 35 

Puritan " 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75 

Leisure Hours 1 00 1 25 

Blooded Stock 50 50 

Where you desire to subscribe to two or more 
of the publications named, you can arrive at 
the net subscription price by deducting 50 
cents from "our price with the Planter." If 
you desire to subscribe to any other publica- 
tions not listed here, write us and we will 
oheerfully quote clubbing or net subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the Planter or any of 
the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa- 
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish no sample copies of other peri- 
odicals. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



489 



diately reveals a human interest in the 
■descriptions of the various members of a 
farmer's family. In the Century's "Year 
of American Humor" is a paper by Joel 
Benton on "P. T. Barnum. Showman and 
Humorist," fully illustrated, and with a 
number of anecdotes and incidents set- 
ting forth the traits of this "Majordomo 
■or Lord of Laughter and Fun," as Mr. 
Benton calls him. 



The Review of Reviews for August con- 
tinues its series of invaluable portraitures 
of men prominent in public life through- 
out the world. The Rt. Hon. Arthur J. 
Baltour, just called to the premiership of 
the British Empire, is the subject of an 
admirable character sketch by M. A. Mau- 
rice Low, a writer whose acquaintance 
with British politics and politicians at- 
tests the value of an article from his pen 
on such a subject. Mr. W. T. Stead re- 
lates a most interesting interview recent 
ly held with Mr. George Frederick Watts, 
A. R. A., the only British artist deemed 
worthy by King Edward of a member- 
ship in the new Order of Merit, just estab- 
lished. Mr. Walter Wellman, in an arti- 
cle on Spooner, of Wisconsin," writes in 
an appreciative vein of the man who by 
•common consent ranks to-day as the 
leader of the United States Senate, so far 
as that body may be said to have a leader. 
Each of these three men, whose careers 
are described in the August Review, is at 
this moment very decidedly " in the pub- 
lic eye." The Review prints these sketch- 
es of them at just the right time. 

" The New Rice-Farming in the South" 
is the title of an article by Day Allen 
Wiley in the August Review of Reviews 
which is likely to prove an eye-opener to 
many readers who have underestimated 
the recent remarkable developments in 
Southern agriculture. That rice on the 
prairies of Louisiana and Texas is how 
seeded, harvested, and threshed by ma- 
chinery like that employed for wheat on 
the prairies of Kansas is only one of the 
facts brought out in this article by (text 
and pictures) which are likely to cause a 
ripple of surprise among Northern and 
Western readers. 

The budget of good things in the Au- 
gust St. Nicholas is sufficiently well as 
sorted to tickle the fancy of all sorts and 
conditions of children. '' Tom Jarnagan, 
Jr.," is the long; story. It is vigorous, nat- 
ural, and decidedly interesting. "Slimme 
Sir Marmaduke" is a delightful bit of non- 
sense verse, setting forth the adventures 
of a very thin knight who in his armor 
was mistaken for the fire-tongs bv the 
giant's wife. "The Little Maid of the 
Sea" is a charming story of a fisher lass 
who mended the nets and took care of 
her baby brothers and cooked her father's 
dinner and was cheerful in her work. 
The League with its prize contests in 
writing and drawing continues to grow in 
popularity. These are a few of the many 
good things in the August number. 



Uncommonly attractive features in the 
August Lippincott, which is essentially a 
vacation number, are a complete novel- 
ette by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell ; eleven short 
etories by popular writers ; a humorous 



Rippley's 




Compressed Air 
Cotton & Tobacco 



Sorayer 



Finest Sprayer ever invented for spraying cotton and tobacco, trees 
and whitewashing buildings, etc. Tested to 60 lbs. pressure. Has a 
safety valve. Can't burst. One minute's pumping will discharge 
contents of Sprayer in the form of a mist, covering every 
part of the foliage. Made of Galvanized Iron and Copper. Has a 
brass cylinder pump. Prices— 5-gal. .Galvanized, $5.50; 
4-s-allon Galvanized, $5.00; 5-p:allon Copper, $8.00; 4-gallon 
Copper, $7.00 ; special pipe and nozzle for spraying under- 
neath cotton, tobacco and shrubbery, 70c. 

Agents and Dealers Wanted to Sell the Sprayers. 
Write for Catalogue and Discounts. 

• RIPPLEY HARDWARE COMPANY, 

Manufacturer of Sprayers and Spraying Mixtures, 

Box 70, Grafton, Ills. 



OFFERS FOR SALE 

A LIMITED NUMBER OF 



Hill Top Stock Farm 

Southdown and Shropshire Sheep 
A Grand Lot of Berkshire Hogs 

Young Boars ready for service. 
Come and see our stock, or write for description and prices to 

H. A. S. HAMILTON «Sfc CO., Staunton, Va. 

Parties will be met at train with conveyance, if we are notified in time. We are 
always glad to show our stock. 



WV^^^^r ^ S 



DEVON COWS.... 



Ten young DEVON COWS, thoroughbreds and high-grades with Calves 
by their sides. Want to sell them during this month. Can be seen if day's 
notice is given. Also JERSEY CATTLE and several YOUNG GUERNSEY 
BULLS. BERKSHIRE PIGS not akin. Several young BOARS ready for 
service. 

M. B. ROWE & CO., Fredericksburg, Va. 



Registered HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

Cattle of NETHERLAND, DEKOL, CLOTHILDE and PIETERTJE fam- 
ilies. Heavy milkers and rich in butter-fat. Stock of all ages for sale. 

Registered BERKSHIRES. 

From the noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord Highclerc and Sunrise. 
PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS. 

N. B. — in the Stud : The Imported Hackney Stallion, " The Duke," regis- 
tered in E. H. S. B. and A. H. S. B. Address 

■ „ T O. SANDY, Burkeville, Virginia. 

Norfolk and Western and Southern R. R. 



feeds ZAsELF FEEDER 



ROUND^WAL HAY PRESS CO. 



B0X29,KAN5A5 CiTY. 
no. 



T0N5 WnreroDAY 
TO roa 

THE Of//? FP££ 

HOUR Catalogue 



490 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



department which is humorous, besides 
seasonable poems. 

Dr. Mitchell's new novelette is called 
" New Samaria." This shows us the au- 
thor of " Hugh Wynne" and " Circum- 
stance" in a fresh, "but no less delightful 
vein. In it a millionaire from the East 
finds himself accidentaly stranded among 
strangers in an Arkansas village without 
a dollar in his pocket. The novelty of 
such a position soon wears off. His ap 
pearance does not beget confidence in his 
story, and he goes through a series of ad- 
ventures in a side of the world which his 
life has not hitherto touched. 

Marie Van Vorst's work is compelling 
attention just now. Her story, "Angelo 
of the Perfection," promises to deepen 
this interest by its strength and pathos. 
" The Governor's Choice," by Joseph A. 
Altsheler, is a story of love in politics 
where honesty receives a tenfold reward. 
Caroline Lockhart ("Suzette") brilliantly 
and boisterously writes about her summer 
in the Rocky Mountains. This is accompa 
nied bv a portrait of the author on horse- 
back. The title is "A Girl in the Rockies." 
"The Final Propositions," by Cyrus 
Townsend Brady, is, to quote the auihor, 
" the best short story I have yet written." 
It is a tragic tale of war and marital mis- 
understanding. Elliott Flower, the au- 
thor of '' Policeman Flynn," contributes 
a most amusing story called " The Pre- 
dicament of Silas Singer." 




HERD-^ 



OR 





2 HIGH GRADE (pure bred) but not eligible to registry. Stock guaranteed as 
represented or money refunded. B. R. Comb Leghorn Eggs ; 15 eggs, 76c. ; $3 per 100. 

B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. 

(Formerly at " Rock Hill," Brownsburg, Va. 

FOR SALE ON GLEN FARM. 

POLLED DURHAN 

CATTLE, SHROP- 
SHIRE and 
SOUTHDOWN 
SHEEP. Also 
POLAND-CHINA 
HOGS. 

JOHN S FUNK, Singer's Glen, Va 




FAITH REWARDED. 

Substantial answers to prayer are child- 
hood's fondest expectations. 

Rob wanted a drum, and asked his 
mother to get him one. 

His mother answered that if he would 
be a good boy for three .days and pray to 
God for it, He probably would *give him 
one. 

"Do you think He would, honest?" 
asked Rob. 

"Yes, I think He would." 

•" Well, then, I'll be good for three days 
and then I'll ask Him." 

He kept his promise, and his mother 
purchased a drum to reward his faith. 

On the evening of the third day, Rob 
prayed earnestly, and wound up with, 
"And now, do please send that drum." 

His mother heard him. While he slept 
she placed the drum upon his bed. 

When he wakened in the morning he 
gazed at it in astonishment, and then ex- 
claimed, " Where in the dickens did God 
get that drum ?" — Charles McIlvane, in 
May IAppincott's Magazine. 



A PROVIDENTIAL PORTER. 

A gentleman, Scotch Presbyterian, 
travelling with his five-year old son, told 
the child, as he put him to bed, to say 
his prayers as usual, which the boy flatly 
refused to do. 

" Don't yru want the Lord to take care 
of you to-night ?" asked the anxious fa- 
ther. 

"What's the porter here for?" was the 
child's response. — C. B. Kuehn, in the 
July Lippincolt's. 





T JERSEYS 



We have for sale a number of YOUNG BULLS from cows with butter tests rang- 
ing from 16 to 24 lbs. per week, and yielding from 5 to 6 gallons of milk per day. 

We have more high testing ST. LAMBERT COWS than can be found in any herd 
in the United States or Canada. 

INDIAN CAME FOWLS 

We have also for sale a choice lot of INDIAN GAME CHICKENS— male and 
female. Also some choice WHITE WYANDOTTE COCKERELS. The Indian 
Game and White Wyandottes are the best general purpose fowls. 

BOJaZ7«YONT FHRMS, Srlbtkc, *£h. 



LET HE HAVE YOUR ORDERS PROHPTLY FOR FALL SHIPHENT OF 

BERKSHIRE* 




Te make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators. 
Book "Business Dairying " & Cat. 805 free. W. 
Chester, Pa. 




Imported SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE 
SAM have become so famous that their 
pigs are often booked before birth. My 
supply did not meet the demand by one- 
third the past season. 

A nice lot of Pnre Blood BROWN LEG- 
HORNS for sale cheap; also Pure Blood 
ENGLISH SETTER PUPS at home made- 
price — snow- whites and white and tans. 



THOS. S. WHITE, 



Lexington, Va. 



* 



•viiRGr-iisri-A. xjivisioisr. 



* 



Farmers Mutual Benefit Association. 

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State for the farmers 
of Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan. 

Insures, against Fire and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe 
risks. Average cost per year for three years has been $3.66f per $1000, including 
dwellings, barns, produce, Ac.,— about one-third the usual cost of insurance to 
farmers. Amount of property insured $325,000. Estimated security in real and 
other estate, $600,000. 

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent. 

MENTION THIS JOURNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA* 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



491 



r\ A l 



FOR BROOD SOWS AND PIGS. 

Volin, South Dakota. 
International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis Minn. 

Gentlemen: — "International Stock Food" gives 
excellent satisfaction to all my customers. I have used 
it and can say that for brood sows and young pigs it is 
the best preparation I have ever used, both to maintain 
health and promote growth. 

L. G. PALMER, 
Druggist and Stockraiser. 

'dnttrnatlonal Stoeb Food" is prepared from Herbs, Seeds, Roots and Barks. 



A $3000.00 STOCK BOOK FREE 



IT CONTAINS «®~ 183 LARGE FINE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE. SHEEP. GOATS, HOGS, POULTRY, ETC. 



The C»T«r« are Printed !» Six Brilliant Colors. It eost ns $3000 to have our Artists and Engravers make these Engravings. Our International Stock Book contains a finely illustrated 
Veterinary Department that VTil I Save Ton Hundreds of Dollars. This illustrated Stock Book also gives Description and History of the different Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, 
Bogs and Poultry of All Kinds. The Editor of this Paper will tell you that you ought to have our Stock Book for reference. 

«S- WE WILL GIVE YOU $14.00 WORTH OF " INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD " IF BOOK IS NOT AS REPRESENTED. 
This Book Mailed Free, Fo8tage Prepaid, If You write Us (letter or postal) and f^° Answer These 3 Questions: 

Jit— Name this Paper. 2nd— How much stock have yoo t 3rd— Did you ever nse "INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" tot Horses, Cattlo, Sheep, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs or Pigtl^ 
*~ MINNEAPOLIS, 

MINN., U. S. A. 



Largest Stock Food Factory in the World. 
Capital Paid in, $1,000,000. 



International Stock Food Co., 



DEALERS SELL THESE INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD. INTERNATIONAL WORM POWDER INTERN ATIONAL GALL CL RE 

ON A "SPOT CASH" INTERN ATIONAL POULTRY FOOD. INTERN ATIONAL. COLIC CURE- ', V INTERN ATIONAL HEAVE CURE. 
GUARANTEE '.INTERN ATIONAL LOUSE KILLER. ' INTERNATIONAL HARNESS SO AP; SILVER PINE HEALING OIL, ETC 



REPORTS. 

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. Year Book of the De- 
partment of Agriculture, 1901. Thia 
is an octavo volume of 846 pages, full 
of interest to farmers. Application 
for it should be made to the Senators 
and Members of Congress. 
Revised Regulations concerning Oleo- 
margarine. 
Rules and Regulations prescribed in 

regard to Renovated Butter. 
Division of Entomology. Circular 46. 
Hydrocyanic Acid Gas Against 
Household Insects- 
Arizona Experiment Station, Tuczon, Ari. 
Bulletin 42. The Cool Side of a House 
in Arizona. 
Cornell Experiment Station, Ithaca, 
N. Y. Bulletin 202. Trap Lanterns 
or Moth Catchers. 

Florida Experiment Station, Lake City, 
Fla. Bulletin 26. Lumpy Jaw. 

Idaho Experiment Station, Moscow, Ida. 
Bulletin 32. Steer Feeding. Feeding 
Lambs. Analyses of Stock Foods. 
Bulletin 33. Some Grasses and Clovers, 
and How to Grow Them in Idaho. 

Kansas State Board of Agriculture, To- 
peka, Kas. Report of the Board for 
quarter ending June, 1902. Russian 
Thistle Forage. 

Kentucky Experiment Station, Lexing- 
ton, Ky. Bulletin 100. Inspection 
and Analysis of Foods. 

Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Bulletin 82. Thinning 
Fruits. 
Bulletin 83. Investigation as to the 

Cause of Pithiness in Celery. 
Agricultural College Quarterly. Anal- 
ysis of Feed Stuffs Sold in Maryland. 




HEREFORD CATTXE.— Calves, entitled to registration, $75 to 8100. Grade Calves by "Bir 
Edward" $25 to $40. 

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP — Bucks, one year old and over, $15 to $20. Buck Lambs, July de- 
livery, $10. and $12. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, $8. and $10. 

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.— Pigs, six weeks old, $5. Pigs, two or three months old, $7.50. 
Pigs, Ave months and over, $15 to $20. 

M. BRONZBTURKET8 — Toms, $4. Hens, $3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In season, $4. 

MUSCOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, $1.25. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs, $2.25; trios, $3 

RARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 

ROUEN GEESE.— Ganders, $2.50. Geese, $2.50. Eggs, per sitting, $3.00 
WILLIAM L, Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, will serve a limited number of mares for 

$25 the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month. 




Registered Herefords 

YOUNG BULLS AND HEIFERS 
NOT AKIN FOR SALE BY 

STONEHURST FRUIT & STOCK FARM, 
Union Mills, Virginia. 



492 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



Minnesota Experiment Station, St. An- 
thony Park. Bulletin 73. Growing 
Swine of Various Breeds and Crosses. 
Bulletin 74. Human Food Investiga- 
tions. 

Mississippi Experiment Station. Bulle- 
tin 74. Some Mosquitoes of Missis- 
sippi, and How to Deal with Them. 
Bulletin 75. Strawberry Culture in 
Mississippi. 

New Hampshire Experiment Station, 
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 87. Thir- 
teenth Annual Report. 

New York Experiment Station, Geneva, 
N. Y. Bulletins 209 and 213. Treat- 
ing San Jose Scale in Southeastern 
New York. 

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio. 
Bulletin 133. Potatoes. Comparison 
of Varieties. Fertilizer Tests. 

Columbus Horticultural Society, Colum- 
bus. 0. Journal, June, 1902. 

Rhode Island Experiment Station, King- 
ston, R. I. Bulletin 84. Poultry 
Feeding. Feeding Stuffs. 

Virginia Department of Agriculture, 
Richmond, Va. Analysis of Fer- 
tilizers. 

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond,Va. 
Report for June, 1902. 

West Virginia Experiment Station, Mor- 
gantown, W. Va. Bulletin 79. Com- 
mercial Fertilizers. 
Bulletin 80. Fertilizers— Sources and 
Composition. 

Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madison, 
Wis. Bulletin 93. Development and 
Distribution of Nitrates in Cultivated 
Soil. 

Wyoming Experiment Station, Laramie, 
Wyo. Bulletin 51. Sheep Feeding 
on the Range. Lamb Feeding. 

A drunken man staggered into church 
one Sunday and sat down in the pew of 
one of the deacons. The preacher was 
discoursing about prevalent popular 
vices. Soon he exclaimed, " Where is the 
drunkard ?" The drunken 'man was just 
far enough gone to think the call person- 
al, so, rising heavily, replied, " Here- 1 
am," and remained standing while the 
drunkard's character and fate were elo- 
quently portrayed. A few minutes later 
the preacher reached another head of his 
discourse, and asked, "Where is the 
hypocrite?" Gently nudging his neigh- 
bor, the drunkard said, in an audible 
whisper, "Stand up, deacon, he means 
you this time. Stand up and take it like 
a man, just as I stand. It will do you 
good." 

It's a source of irritation 
Leading to ejaculation, 

Don't you know, 
When vou get an invitation 
From a hayseed publication 

Southern Co. 
Which insists as your salvation 
From the fire of law's damnation 

For a dollar said to owe — 
Then to such publication 
I say with veneration, 

Let it go, ' 
To memory's vacation, 
A dream, a past sensation, 

To sheol. W. M. 



PEAS ARE AS GOOD AS COLO THIS YEAR. 

OUR LIFTER 



Will harvest them for 
one-tenth of what 
it costs by hand. 



Write 

for 

Particulars. 



ii 




THE VINE AND ROOT MACHINERY COMPANY, Port Huron, Michigan. 

Manufacturers of Pea, Bean, Beet and Chicory Farm Tools, and 
" THE MEAD " Full Circle, 2-Stroke Hay Press. 



CISMONT DORSETS . . 



"N 



CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



Prices reasonable. 



6. S. LIHDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., fl. 



BACON HALL FARM. 




"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale. 

E. JV1. QILLET & SON, Verona, Balto. Co., Md. 



HEREFORD CATTLE.... 

FOR SALE : Bulls, Cows in Calf, Bull Calves, Heifer Calves. 

PRICES RIGHT. 



SEE JUNE NUMBER. 

.MURRAY BOOCOCK, Keswick, Va. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE. 



493 



BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmore. N. C. 

Headquarters for GOUDEN LAD JERSEYS, 

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. * j» * 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show ring. ' 

SPECIALTY, Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed- 
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many of these 
calves are fit to show and win in any company. 






BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. 



&& &F 1 



SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 

apply to BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore. n. c. 



The most popular Machines* in use for Grain Threshing and Peanut Picking are the 

HEEBNER'S. 
LITTLE GIANT *»° 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1902. 
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and dur- 
able. We guarantee them to do the work satisfactorily. 

We will mail descriptive catalogue and testimonials, and 
quote prices on application. 

TRACTION ENGINES, PORTABLE ENGINES. 
STATIONARY ENGINES, GASOLINE ENGINES. 

SAW MILLS, Capacity 2,000 to 25,000 ft. per day. 
FARMER'S $125 SAW MILL, PLANERS, SHINGLE, 

Cuts 2000 feet onumber o per day with only LATH & CORN MILLS, 

RUBBER BELTING, 
LEATHER BELTING, 
ENGINE TRIMMINGS, 
IRON PIPE, VALVES, 
MILL SUPPLIES. 

STRATTON & BRAGG, 20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va 






494 



THE SOUTHERN PLAUTER. 



[August 



KENTUCKY STATE FAIR. 

The Executive Committee of the Ken- 
tucky State Fair announces that classifi- 
cations have been opened for the differ- 
ent breeds of cattle, sheep and swine, 
and offering a premium li t equal in all 
respects to those offered by the great 
State Fairs of Indiana, Illinois and Ohio, 
and in the case of Shorthorn cattle, sur- 
passing the premiums offered at any 
State Fair in the United States, except 
Minnesota, which State is the home of 
the American Shorthorn Breeders' Asso- 
ciation. 

The breeds of cattle, swine and sheep 
recognized, with the respective pre- 
miums, are as follows : 

Beef Cattle— Shorthorns, $2,000, one- 
half of which is offered by the Kentucky 
Fair Association and one-half by the 
American Shorthorn Breeders' Associa- 
tion ; Herefords, $900, of which amount 
$300 is given by the Hereford Assoca- 
tion; Aberdeen- Angus, $500; Galloways, 
$300 ; Red Polls, $250 ; Polled Durham, 
#650. 

Dairy Breeds— Jerseys, $800; Holsteins, 
$250 ; Guernsevs, $250 ; Ayrs hires, $250 ; 
Dutch Belted, $150. 

For Swine— Berkshires, $300 ; Poland - 
Chinas, $300 ; Duroc Jerseys, $300 ; Ches- 
ter Whites, $200; Victoria, $100; Thin 
Rinds, $100 ; Tamworth, $100. 

For Sheep— Shropshires, $150 ; South- 
downs, $150; Oxford Downs, $150 ; Cota- 
wold, $150; Dorset, $100; Hampshire- 
down, $100 ; American Merino, $100 ; 
Delaine Merino, $100 ; Rambouillet, 
$100 ; Cheviots, $100. 

For the following classes of horses, 
aggregate premiums of $4,000 are offered : 

Heavy Horses— French Draft and Per- 
cheron, Clydesdale and English Shire, 
French and German Coach, Cleveland 
Bay, Hackney. 

Light Horses — Roadsters, Carriage 
Horses, Gaited Saddle Horses, Ponies, 
Light Saddle Horses. 

For mules and jacks premiums of $500 
are offered. 



WALKING AS AN EXERCISE. 
The Latin advice, " Post coenam slabis 
seu passus mille meabis," I modify by rest- 
ing after every meal. It is pernicious to 
strain an overloaded stomach, and I would 
rather go without food than without 
walk. Obstacles increase the pleasure, 
vexations cannot dampen the ardor for 
the luxury I covet most. Rain or shine, 
in every degree r * heat or cold, I go, when 
feasible, several jours a day— twice as 
long when my spirits are depressed. In 
warm weather it may increase perspira- 
tion, but that is a discomfort which must 
willingly be borne. H. W. Beecher said : 
"There are many troubles which you 
cannot cure by the Bible or hymn-book, 
but which you can cure by perspiration 
and fresh air." External gymnasiums 
are scarce ; golf and most other out-door 
plays require some exertion of the brain. 
But when we walk we can give the mind 
a complete rest, and graduate our effort 
according to our strength. Let those who 
are feeble walk, at an easy gait, half a 
mile — when their muscles strengthen, a 
mile — and they will soon find the exer- 
cise a pleasure instead of a penance ; it 
will dispel the gloom which they hugged, 



SAVES ITS COST 



It spreads all kinds of manure, lime, 
salt, ashes, compost, etc., either 
broadcast or In rows. Does it better 
than It can Possibly be done by band. 



ON THE FIR.ST CROP. 

Do you know of any other piece of ma- 
chinery for use on the farm of which this 
can be truly said? ."- * »;v"<>'« 1 -*«:ri--'. 

ens*- 'jJUwlg^gf^ 




The Improved 

Kemp Manure 



<w 



Spreader 



not only makes easy work of getting out the manure, but by the way in which it breaks it up and makes it fine, it more than 
trebles the value of the same. It will break up and spread evenly, manure that cannot be handled with a fork. It doesn't 
matter how hard, lumpy, caked, strawy, or stalky the manure is, this machine will spread it. It makes fine, well rotted 
manure go a long ways in top dressing wheat in the spring, meadow lands, pasture, etc. Being mounted on broad faced 
wheels, it can be handled on any kind of ground without serious cutting in or rutting. Can spread back and forth, as 
front wheels turn entirely under. Can be turned on the ground it stands on. 1902 machine has our new Renter* 
Freeing Device, Apron-Returning Device and numerous other improvements. Send for latest catalogue (free) 
and read aboutthese and other advantages and also about * 4 IIow to Grow Big Crops. " 

Kern ember that the only original and genuine Kemp Manure Spreader 1b the one made by our- 
■elves. KEMP 6. BVKPEE MFG. CO.. Box 28. SYRACUSE. N. Y. 



The 



ii 



" Packs the Freight Oar, 



__ it is not a buncher or bundler. 
It is a hay baler. It delivers the hay in solid, shapely bales that per- 
mit you to ship all you pay freight on. There is 

NO COMPETITOR IN THE "ELI" CLASS. 

Buy it for rapidity of work, safety, strength. Large 
feeding hole with double expanding condenser gives 
great speed and capacity. Automatic block plac- 
| i ng device does the work for the man. Adapted to 
steam or horse powers. Does most work in least 
time with minimum of power. There is 
Money for the Man Who Buys the "Eli " 
Illustrated catalogue mailed free. 
Write for it. 

| X %' ; |^S^'85 Hampshire St., Qdincy, III. 

w 



Headquarters for the 

Hay Pressing Business. 

38 Styles and Sizes, 



'■ ■ , ;-^.. l ;„_^' l ..M'A 'CV'.'r'.^.'.l 



40 TONS IN 
TEN HOURS. 



DEDERICK'S, 



NEW TWO WHEEL 
BELT PRESS. 

It is light, strong and durable, and requires but little power to operate it. Balance 
wheels replace trucks. Mostcompactand simple belt press made. 

We also make Hand, Horse and Belt Power Presses. Over 150 styles to select 
from. Write for catalogue, full description, prices, etc. 
P. K. PEDERICK'S SONS, 59 Tivoli St., ALBANY, N. Y- 




CHARTERED f870. 



Merchants National Bank 



OF RICHMOND. VA. 

Designated Depository of the United States, City of 
Richmond and Commonwealth of Virginia. 
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore 
and New Orleans, this Bank offers superior facilities for 
direct and quick collections. 



JNO. P. BRANCH, 

President. 



JNO. K. BRANCH. 

Vice-President. 



Capital Stock, taoo.oot.oo 

Surplus and Profit! ,$531 ,000 ,co 



JOHN F. GLENN, 

Cashier. 



Directors.— John P. Branch, B. B. Munford, Chas. S. Stringfellow, Thos. B. Scott, B. W. 
Branch, Fred. W. Scott, Jas. H. Dooley, Jno. K. Branch, A. S. Bnford, R. C. Morton. Andrew 
Plzzini, Jr., J. P. George, Alex. Hamilton, Sam'l. T. Morgan. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHBEN PLANTEE. 



495 




IB w and Ei 




FOR HAND OR POWER. 

The STRONGEST, SIMPLEST 
and BEST MADE. 

Write for Prices, Catalogues and Testimonials 



i a rawer 



Has no equal for grinding shelled grain, corn and 
cob into excellent feed. The HORSE PO WEB 
is very useful for running other machinery as 
well. A full line of mills for horse and steam 
power. 

The No. 19 Ideal Mill 

For one-horse. A very useful size for small farms. 
PRICE. $15.00. 




Gane Mills & Evaporators 

We are agents for the celebrated 
"Kentucky" Mills and "Cook's 
Improved Evaporator." At least 
the equal of any made, and far su- 
perior to most. 

CIDER MILLS -Single or dou- 
ble for hand power, 

PEA HULLERS-It will pay 
to inspect the "STAR." Will hull 
and clean from 10 to 15 bushels of 
peas every hour. 

DISC HARROWS.-Send for 

special catalogue of the " Evans." 
lightsst draft and strongest har- 
row made. 

PLOWS —Try an " Imperial " 
and you will not want any other. 
It is admitted by all who have 
used it to be the best in the world. 




FANNINC MILLS— We can strongly recommend 
the " Lyons" tor cleaning any kind of grain or grass seed. 
Does its work clean, and praised by every one who has 
nsed it. 

„„...., ..„..._ UU1V . BALINC PRESSES.— For a serviceable press at a 

The most complete line in the l ow ?.™ e ' *? think . * he " L y le " is J h ? best on tbe market. 
State. Write for special cata 8 °PPl«d wlth or without power attachment. Write for de- 
logues scriptive circulars. 

GRAIN DRILLSwithorwithoutfertilizerattachment. 



Everything the farmer needs we can 
supply, and that at a close price. 

Wagons, Buggies, Carri- 
ages, Harness and Saddles. 



THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



and their aches will vanish. Air is man's 
element ; he has no more excuse to refrain 
from walking through it than a fish would 
have from swimming in water. — From 
"Amenities of City Pedestrians," by Louis 
Windmuller, in the American Monthly fie 
view of Reviews for August. 



Mr. E. M. Gillet, of Bacon Hall Farm, 
writes us : 

" Have just closed sale of three fine 
Herefords, two yearling heifers, sired by 
" Gold Standard" and " Tommy Atkins, 
no akin to the heifers. They go to Mr. 
S. L. Benson, of Connecticut. His re- 
marks on my herd, and especially "Gold 
Standard," were very pleasing." 



COLLEGE EDUCATION FOR FARMERS' BOYS. < 

There is no work in life more pleasant and profitable than AGRICULTURE ; 
prepare for this work b\ training yourself in AGRICULTURE. 

> ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY SCHOLARSHIPS IN AGRICULTURE 

Are offered annually by the A. and M. College of North Carolina to young 
men who desire an Education in AGRICULTURE. 

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-SUPPORT are also offered to those unable to 
meet the other expenses of the Course, such as board and room. Many stu- 
dents pay their entire expense by working at odd times and during vacations. 

The COLLEGE offers a FOUR-YEAR, a TWO-YEAR and a WINTER 
COURSE in AGRICULTURE and DAIRYING. 

Term begins Sept. 3, 1902. Catalogue sent Free. All inquiries gladly answered by ad- 
dressing the Professor of Agriculture. 

* /-2»—_CH/lffL£S BURKBTT. RALEIGH. N. C. X 



When writing mention tjjue Southern 
Manter. 



Wiien corresponding with advertisers, always mention 
The Southern Planter. 



496 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



No. 
No. 
No. 

No, 

No. 
No. 
No. 

No. 

No. 
No. 

No. 
No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No, 

No. 

No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 

No, 

No. 

No. 
No. 

No, 
No, 

No. 

No. 

No 



CENSUS BULLETINS. 

188. Manufactures. Collars and 
Cuffe. 

189. Manufactures. Cheese, But 
ter and Condensed Milk. 

190. Manufactures. The Utiliza- 
tion of Wastei and By-Products. 

191. Manufactures. Needles and 
Pins. 

192. Agriculture. Kansas. 

193. Agriculture. Nebraska. 

194. Manufactures. Clay Products. 

195. Manufactures. Leather, Tan- 
ned, Curried and Finished. 

196. Agriculture. Oregon. 

197. Manufactures. Manufactures 
of Tobacco. 

198. Manufactures. 

199. Manufactures. 
Grist Mill Products. 

200. Manufactures 
Implements. 
201. Manufactures, 
and Polishing. 

202. Manufactures 
Finishing Textiles. 

203. Manufactures. 
Industry. 

204. Manufactures. Combined Tex- 
tiles. 

205. Agriculture. Montana. 

206. Manufactures. Cotton Ginning. 

207. Agriculture. Pennsylvania. 
2*8. Manufactures. Tin and Terne 
Plate. 

209. Manufactures. Fruits and Veg- 
etables, Fish and Oysters, Canning 
and Preserving. 

210. Manufactures. Chemicals and 
Allied Products. 

211. Agriculture. West Virginia. 

212. Manfactures. Pens and Pen- 
cils. 
213. 

214. 



Starch. 
Flouring and 

Agricultural 

Rice Cleaning 

Dyeing and 

The Lumber 



Agriculture. Illinois. 
Manufactures. Cars, Steam 
Railroad. 

215. Manufactures, 
facturere. 

216. Manufactures. 
Publishing. 
216. Manufactures, 
and Meat Packing. 



Cotton Manu- 

Priuting and 

Slaughtering 



FILSTON FARM. 
Glencoe, Md., July 25, 1902. 
Editor Southern Planter : 

Dear Sir, — Filston Farm Stock Sale 
Department takes pleasure in reporting 
the following recent sales — viz.: 

Berkshires — Registered — S. W. Jewett 
& Son, of Vermont, bred sow and boar ; 
T. B. Qninby, of Virginia, one boar; 
E. J. Wigrgin, of Npw Hamshire, one 
boar ; D. B. Dote, of Pennsylvania thrpe 
sows and boar; H. B. Carll, of Long 
Island, two sows and one boar; E. M. 
Wheeler, of New York, one sow ; G. H. 
Sweet, of New York, one sow; C. R. 
Atkinson, of Maryland, four sows and 
boar; R. W. Fisher, of Virginia, one boar. 

Jerseys— J. M. Anderpon, of Maryland, 
September bull ; L. M. Starr, of Connec- 
ticut, bred heifer. 

Expect to exhibit some fine Jerseys 
and Berkshires at Timonium, Syracuse, 
Trenton.York, Hagerstown and Frederick 
Fairs, where I will be pleased to meet all 
old or new customers. 

Yours truly, 
E. M. GILLET, Mgr. Sales Dept. 



Seed House of the South 



BED 

CLOTEB. 

HAHMOTH 

CliOfKB. 

CBUt ON 

CLOTEB. 

HHITE 

CLOTKK. 

LUCERNE 

CLOVEB. 

AMTHE 

CLOTEB. 

BOKHARA 

CLOTEB. 

JAPAN 

CLOTEB. 



BUR 



CLOTEB. 




TIMOTHY. 

ORCHARD 

GRASS. 

BF.» TOP or 

HERDS UKAM-. 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE GRA*ft. 

RANDALL 

CtBASR. 

TALL MEADOW 
OAT GRARfc 

JOHNSON 

GRASS. 

GERMAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT. 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 

We sell strictly reliable FIELD ASfl> GARDEN SEEDS •$ 

every variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which 

are RAOLiND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS. 



.WE ALSO SELL 



Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c. 

Pare Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 

Fertilizing: Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, 



IOI6 Main Street 
LYNCHBURG, VA 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 




We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. 



Apples, 

Pears, 

Peach, 

Plum, 

Apricots, 



Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and 

Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees, 

Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens, 

Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc. 



CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 



..AGENTS WANTED. 

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co., 



Baltimore, Md. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



497 



AN UNWILLING JUROR. 
A New Hampshire judge haa in his 

Eossesaion the following letter sent to 
im by an old farmer who had been no- 
tified that he had been drawn as a juror 
for a certain term of court: 

•'Deer Jedge, — I got your letter tellin' 
me to come to manchester an' do dooty 
on the joory and i rite you these fue lines 
to let you know that vqu'11 have to git 
some one else for it ain't so that I kin 
leave home now. I got to do some butch- 
erin' an' sort over a lot of apples just 
about the time the joory will be settin' 
in your Court. Si Jackman of this town 
says that he would as soon as not go, fer 
he ain't nothin' else to do jess now, so 
you better send fer him. I hate the 
worst way not to obhc'ge you, but it ain't 
so I kin at present. Ennyhow I ain't 
much on the law, never havin' been a 
jooryman 'ceptin' when old Bud Stiles 
got killed by the cars here some years 
ago when I was one that set on the boddy 
with the koroner. Sj you better send 
fer Si Jackman, for he has got some kin 
in manchester he wants to visit enny- 
how, an' he'd be willin' to go fer his car 
fare there and back. Ancer back if you 
want Si."— LipAncot's for July. 



CATALOGUES. 

H. Lightfoot, Chattanooga, Tenn. Cat 
alogue and price list of Standarl Varie- 
ties of Strawberry Plants and Peach Trees. 



A large, pure-brod Poland-China Sow 
w 1th 6 pure-bred pigs at her side. Price, 
$25.00 for the lot. Address 

G. F. COX, - - IRWIN, VA. 



I 



T STANDS FOR BIG CROPS. 

For uniform drilling of grains, any kind and anv amount 
per acre for grass seed sowing and even distribution of 
lumpy, damp or dry fertilizers, nothing equals the 

Low-Down 

Grain and Fertiizer _ 

Positive force feed for fertilizer, grain and grass seed. Drills 
any depth, perfect regulation, low steel or wood frame, high 
wheels with broad tires. Easy to fill and operate. Light 
draft. Investigate before buying. Write for free catalogue. 
SPAN&LER MANFg. CO.. 5C , aTJEE.~ STREET, YORK, PA 

^i— I— WT^MTIBWIIIWI ■ » q I \ \ mm 



STANDARD EVERYWHERE. 



SPANGLER, 





KEEP THE MONEY 

that you intend to spend for a drill until you Inquire 
into the merits of our 

Improved Low-Down Pennsylvania Force 
Feed Fertilizer Grain Drill. 

Sows all kinds of grain, corn and peas in any quantity 
per acre. Puts on e ny kind of phosphate, damp or dry, 
60to7C01bs. per acre. Sows timothy, clover and other 
grass seeds either in front or behind hoes. Low down- 
easy to load. Easiest draft known to drills. Send for 
Farm Machinery, Engine, Saw Mill and Threshing 
Machinery Catalog— tree. 

A. B. FARQUHAR 80., Ltd., York, Pa. 



The Newest and Latest CORN HARVESTER 



Cuts and binds on hill- 
sides as well as on level 
ground. New conveyor 
chain ; direct draft ; posi- 
tive elevation, perfect 
balance. 



Elevates and binds corn 
in its natural, upright posi- 
tion Ahead of all others. 




40-inch wheel. 

Cuts anywhere from 4 to 14 inches above ground. 
Binds anywhere irom 23 to 34 inches above the butts. 

WALTER A. WOOD, M. and R. M. Co., Southern Office, 1422 E. Main St., Richmond, Va 



498 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



PLOWING WITH ELEPHANTS. 

Baknum's Witty Reply to the Farmer 
Who Asked Whether It Would Pay. 

It may be said of P. T. Barnum that he 
was the Majordomo or Lord of Laughter 
and Fun, the protean Dispenser of Amuse- 
ment. How well he became known 
through this function one cuiious inci- 
dent certifies. Some years before he died, 
an obscure person in some remote part of 
Asia wrote a letter, which he dropped in 
the post-office near him, directed to "Mr. 
Barnum, America." The letter reached 
its destination without an hour's delay. 
The great showman unaffectedly enjoyed 
being known from the very beginning of 
his celebrity was a tremendous factor in 
his success, he did everything that he 
could think of to extend the exploitation 
of his name. This was not to nourish 
vain imaginings or because he felt exalt- 
ed ; it was to promote business. 

Around hiB successive homes at Bridge- 
port, Conn., he was fond of putting some- 
thing that suggested a show. Queerly 
marked cattle, the sacred cow, or an ele- 
phant, were frequently among the stock 
to be noticed in his fields. On one occa- 
sion he had an elephant engaged in plow 
ing on the sloping hill where it could 
plainly be seen by the passengers on the 
New Haven and Hartford railroad, an 
agricultural innovation that he knew 
would get notice of some sort in every 
newspaper in the country. It was even 
said that he received letters from farmers 
far and wide asking how much hay one 
elephant ate, and if it was more profitable 
to plow with an elephant than with 
horses or oxen. His replies were invaria- 
bly frank, and were of this purport : If 
you have a large museum in New York, 
and a gieat railway sends trains full of 
passengers within eyeshot of the per- 
formance, it will pay, and pay well ; but 
if you have no such institution, then 
horseB or oxen will prove more economi- 
cal. — From "P. T. Barnum, Showman and 
Humorist," by Joel Benton, in the August 
Century. 

BACON HALL FARM. 

Editor of the Southern Planter, — I beg to 
announce that hereafter the Bacon Hall 
Farm herd of registered Hereford cattle 
will be managed by E. M. Gillet & Son, 
and the same care and terms, " satisfac- 
tion or no sale," will be followed by the 
new firm. Owing to E. M. Gillet, Sr., 
being in charge of thj stock sale depart 
ment of Filston Farm, who breed exten- 
sively registered Jerseys and Berkshires, 
hereafter old customers of Bacon Hall 
Farm can be supplied with fresh imported 
Berkshire blood from the Filston herd. 
I am always pleased to write or show 
stock at Filston Farm, or my Bacon HbII 
Farm Hereford herd, headed by Gold 
Standard, half brother to Wood's Princi- 
pal, the 2-year-running champion over all 
beef breeds at the International Show, 
Chicago, 1901 1902. 

E. M. Gillet. 

Bacon Hall Farm, Glencoe, Md. 



A Neat BINDER for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
the Business Office. 



lai 

a 

a 
§ 

a 

51 

ai 



15 

a 

5 

a 

5 

a 



51 

a 

5 
a 
5 
a 
5 

a 

5 

a 

5 

a 

5 

a 

5 

a 

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The Old Reliable for WHEAT, OATS, 
CLOVER and OTHER GRASSES; has 
stood the test for twenty-five 
years, being composed principally 
of Hydrate of Lime, Sulphate of 
Lime and Potash. 



If you wish to IMPROVE your land, use a ton to four acres for 
WHEAT and CLOVER, or if you wish to seed it for other GRASSES 
where the land is in good condition, nse the same quantity and it will give 
you a good STAND and GROWTH of GRASS. For reclaiming POOR 
land, where there is little or no VEGETATION, COVER naked places 
wit' li ter from the barnjard or forest, using the same quantity, and sow 
winter OATS and CLOVER. 



FRUIT TREES. 



Maj. G. A. Barksdale of Richmond, Va., has used our PREPARED 
LIME on his fruit trees, and says it has made wonderful improve- 
ment, both in the condition of the trees and quality of the fruit. 



OUR SPECIAL 
WHEAT FERTILIZER. 



We put this brand on the market only a few years ago, and have had 
very flattering results. The best farmers say that they get better 
STAND and GROWTH of GRASS and CLOVE ft from it than 
from other fertilizers. This we can confidently recommend for 
CORN-LAND or any otier land of fair fertility. 



PLAIN SHELL LIME 

Constantly on hand at lowest prices. 

No. 1 WOOD-BURNT LIME 

In car lots at lowest market price from kilns. 
Send for Circular and Prices. 



A. S. LEE & SON, 102 S. 13th Street, Richmond, Va. 



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A LIVELY LIAR. 

I began to see how hard it was to tell a 
true story so as to be believed. I con- 
cluded that, as I meant to make my 
tongue secure my breakfast, I would fall 
back upon fiction. I went up to the open 
door of the little cottage and smelt to- 
bacco. This had the double effect of 
making me greatly want to smoke and of 
assuring me that a man was within, and 
that I was, therefore, less secure of a meal 
than I should have been without the too 
critical charity of my own sex. I knocked 
with the timidity of the hungry. A very 
young woman came out of the back room. 
"What is it?" she said. 

I replied : " I am an unfortunate man 
just out of the hospital. I have a wife 



(< 



Crop Growing 
i Crop Feeding" 

BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY. 
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. 



We offer this splendid work in connec- 
tion with the Southern Planter 
at the folllowing prices: 

Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume, $1.25 

Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 90c. 

Old or new subscriptions. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTBB. 



499 



and nine children ; the youngest is blind 
and my wife is sick." 

" Poor thing. How old is she ?" 

"About twenty-live." 

This seemed to strike the woman as 
comical. She laughed aloud. " Well, 
you are certainly a very lively liar. 
Aren't you the man that got drunk and 
drove poor Mr. Smile's horse into a circus 
and broke my husband's lep, and told 
him you were a banker and worth three 
millions? Oh, dear, but you can rib, and 
you don't do it well. I could fib better, 
and oh my ! that poor wife and nine chil- 
dren at twenty-five years of age !" 

Upon thi9 she fell into a chair and 
laughed herself into prodigality of tears. — 
S. Weir Mitchell, in the August Lippin- 
cott. 



An educated man is a wealth producer, 
an uneducated man is merely a day 
laborer. One has his brains to assist the 
skill of his hands, and the two together 
— brains and skill — is a combination 
which has made nations wealthy and 
powerful. The laborer has only the 
power of his muscles, and that limits the 
product of the work. — S. G. Keiskell. 



Binders for the Planter. 

We have received a new supply 
of binders for the Planter, and shall 
be glad to send one holding the 
numbers for a year to any one 
sending us 25 cents in stamps or 
coin. 



f W^r^rW^^^FV^^F^^^rWW WVWWVWJP VVVWVVVVW ^nfVWVWVVV 

PRACTICE BCONOMYA 

It is never too early to start to save money By the use of € 

our SEWING MACHINES you save both Time and Money. 




ONLY $ 1 7.00, WORTH $30.00. 

SEND MONEY BY EXPRESS, OR U. S. MONEY ORDER TO 

M. R0SENBL00M & SON, The Mail Order House, 

1536 E. Main Street, Adjoining New Main Street Depot. RICHMOND, VA. 

We also sell the Celebrated F1TZ LEE Stoves, and everything f 

for House Furnishing. Write for Circular. J 



^.Locomobile 

A HORSELESS CARRIAGE 

Is a special feature of my business this season. 

BUGGIES, CARRIAGES AND RUNABOUTS. 

All Kinds Pleasure and Business Vehicles. 

It will pay you to see my stock before purchasing 
elsewhere. Rubber Tiring, Bike Work and all 
kinds of Repairing done. 

ESTABLISHED 1840. 

W, C. SMITH, 314 N. 5th St., Richmond, Va. 

Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and cir- 
culars prepared. Special attention given registration 
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses 

..BY.. 

W. J_ CARTER (Broad Rock), 

P. O. Box 929, RICHnOND, VA. 

Correspondent of 

Richmond Times, Richmond, Va. 

Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. 

Spirit of the Times, New York. 

Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky, 
REFERENCES— Mr. A. B. Gwathmey, Cotton Exchange, New 
York: Mr. W. N. Winner, of Wilmer & Canfield, Lawyers, 49 Wall St., 
New York ; Col. K. M. Murchison, Banker, Wilmington, N. C; Mr. L 
Banks Holt, Proprietor Oneida Cotton Mills and Alamance Farm, Gra- 
ham, N. C; Col. B. Cameron, Falrntosh Stud Farm, Stag 
vllle, N. C; Maj. P. P. Johnson, President National Trotting Associa- 
tion. Lexington, Ky.; Mr. Thos. N. Carter. President Metropolitan 
Bank, Richmond, Va.; Mr. Jas. Cox. Belgravia Stock Farm, Mt. Jack- 
■on, Va.; Capt. John L. Roper. Foxhall Stock Farm, Norfolk, Va.; 
Capt. R. J. Hancock, Ellerslio Stud Farm, Charlottesville, Va. ; Sam'i 
Walton, Walton Farm, Falls Mills, Va. 



1902. IN THE STUD AT 1902. 

SPRING GARDEN STOCK FARM. 

Ed. Kearney, 

The property of Robert Tait, 78 Commercial Place, Norfolk, Va. 

Chestnut horse, 16.0J hands high, weight 1,150 pounds. By 
Tom Ochiltree, son of Lexington and Katona; dam Medusa, 
by Sensation, second dam Hilda, bv imp. Eclipse. (For ex 
tension of pedigree see Amer. Bud Book, Vol. 6, page 740). 

ED. KEARNEY was a fine race horse, and won a number of 
races both in the East and in California. He is a grand speci- 
men of the thoroughbred stallion. No horse sires finer colts 
from all classes of mares. 

ED. KEARNEY will stand for mares during 1902, 
at $10.00 the season, Cash at time of service. 

Address 

Captain JAMES N. LAM KIN, Manager, 

Coolwell P. 0., Amherst Co. Va , 



SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION, 

OCTOBER 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 1902 



$7,000 IN PRIZES. 



Entries Close Sept. 27. 



J. T. ANDERSON, Pres., W. O. WARTHEN, Sec, 
C. W. SMITH, Manager, Richmond, Va., 



500 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August 



FEW WORDS NECESSARY. 

A story shedding new light on the char- 
acter of General Robert E. Lee has been 
unearthed by Mr. Carter R. Bishop, of 
Petersburg, Va. Some correspondence 
relating to the military affairs of the 
Confederacy recently came into the pos- 
session of A. P. Hill Camp, Confederate 
Veterans, of which Mr. Bishop is adju- 
tant. During the fighting in and about 
Petersburg the case of P/wate Nelson 
Earns, First Virginia Cavalry.was brought 
to the attention of the authorities. Earns 
stammered badly, and for this reason 
was regarded as unfit for active service. 
Following is the official correspondence, 
with the endorsement relating thereto : 
"Petersburg, November 22, 1862. 

"This is to certify that I have attended 
Private Nelson Earns for some time and 
have known him for some years. He 
stutters very badly and I think makes a 
poor soldier— unfit for active service. 
"John H. Claiborne, Surgeon." 

Next comes a recommendation from the 
Quartermaster's Department : 

"QUARTERMASTERS'S DEPARTMENT, 

"Petersburg, November 27, 1862. 
"Respectfully forwarded to General G. 
W. Smith, Richmond, with the request 
that Private Nelson Earns, Campany K, 
Fifth Virginia Cavalry, be detailed to 
serve as teamster in my department. 
Surgeon Claiborne states he stutters very 
badly. He will, however, answer as a 
teamster. 

"E. A. Branch, A. Q. M." 

Following is General Lee's disposition 
of the case : 

"Head-quarters, 
"Fredericksburg, November 30, 1862. 
"Respectfully returned, disapproved. 
A soldier requires but few words in the 
discharge of his duty. 

"R. E. Lee, General." 
— Lippincott's Magazine for August. 

THE SELF-SUSTAINING PRODIGAL. 

They had waited a long time for the 
return of the prodigal. At last he came. 
After appropriate greetings his father 
said, rather sadly for so glad an occa- 
sion : 

"My son, I'm very sorry, but we have 
no fatted calf to mark your return. 
Neither can I afford to buy one, having 
of late fallen upon evil days." 

"I feared as much," replied the son, 
"so I stopped at the drover's on my way 
up and ordered the best fatted calf he 
had. There it comes now," and on look- 
ing out they beheld two strong butcher 
men struggling in with the largest and 
fattest calf they had ever seen. 

This fable, simple though it may be, 
Bhows how even a prodigal may succeed 
by the strict application of modern busi- 
ness methods.— H. C, in the August Lip-- 
pincott. 

If girls had less of a smattering of high- 
sounding knowledge, and were better 
grounded in the practical lessons of liv- 
ing, it would be infinitely better for their 
future happiness. — June Ladies' Home 
Journal. 



Mention The Southern Planter when cor- 
responding with your friends. 



Japan Plums 

And all other desirable standard and new 
varieties of PLUMS, APPLE, PEACH, 
PEAR and OR N A MENTAL TREES, 
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc 

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY. 

The TVIost Reliable Variety Ever Grown in 
the South. 

Three hundred and fifty acres under cultivation. Write us 
if you contemplate planting. Catalogue free. 

AGENTS WANT . D. WBITE FOR TERMS. 




W. T. HOOD 

OLD DOMINION NURSERY. 



<5c CO. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

EXTENDING FROM CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE, AND 
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS— ~ 

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, IndianapoliB, 
Sandusky and Cleveland ; 

THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus; 

THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lim» 
and Dayton — 

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ^^ft^meKSt^ ROUTE. 

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, NORFOLK, 
And Principal Virginia Points. 

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington D. 0. 



A Trial Subscription... 

25c. 



OP SEVEN MONTHS (AUG. 
TO FEBRUARY, 1903,) FOR 



This Includes One 



HOLIDA Y NUMBER, 

Which will be worth that Money. 

Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



501 



gJisiiaisi rej^tsfiaisi rEJisi fEJEsiia^En ^ 



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Ou* RRIOE-UST 

Of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Small Fruit Plants, Roses, Shrubs, etc, etc., for the Fall of 
1902 is now ready. The assortment we offer is one of the most complete in America, and consists 
only of the reliable and tested varieties. OUR PRICES are very reasonable, consistent with pro- 
ducts of the HIGHEST QUALITY. A copy of this list, and our general catalogue, will be sent 
FREE for the asking. 

TURNIP AND SPINACH SEED 

By the ounce, pound, or one-hundred pounds. Let us know the quantity you will require. Our 
prices will be interesting. 

BEE KEEPERS SUPPLIES. 

Hives, Smokers, Veils, etc., etc. Our prices are low enough. Ask for special catalogue 
of these goods. 

PLANT-FOODS, POULTRY FOODS, 

INSECTICIDES, LAWN FERTILIZERS. 



ANYTHING you need in Seeds, Nursery Stock, or other supplies, write us about it. 
REFERENCES, any business house in this City. 



OUR 



THE NURSERY & SEED COMPANY, Charleston, W. Ya. 



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WE SAVE YOU MONEY !^^^ 

YOU CAN ALWAYS DEPEND ON GETTING THE CHOICEST GROCERIES FOR THE LEAST MONEY AT THIS STORE. 
IT'S JUST AS NATURAL FOR US TO LEAD IN VARIETY AND VALUE AS IT IS FOR OTHERS TO FOLLOW. 

We get Cash for Goods and give the Best Goods that Cash can Buy. 

A Saving of 25 per cent. Guaranteed on all Purchases. 



All Mail Orders Carefully Packed and Shipped on Same Day Received. 



Remittances Mast Accompany all Mail Orders. 



SPECIAL QUOTATIONS! 



I have an overstock of the following goods which must be moved at once. Stop buying on 
credit. I sell you for cash, and in buying from me you buy direct from the manufacturer. 
On every $100 worth of goods YOU SAVE 820.00! COMPARE PRICES. 



80 000 bushels Choice Feed Oats $ 52 

16,000 " " " Corn 73 

10,000 " Water Ground Meal 78 

10,000 pounds Pork Butts 10 

50,000 pounds Bacon Sides 12% 

40,000 pounds Pork Sides 11% 

85 tierces Lard 10% 

300 bbls., N. C, Cut Herrings 5 75 

60 " N. O. Molasses, new crop 26 00 

40 " Porto Rico, something fine 23 00 

500 boxes Full Cream Cheese 11 00 

8,000 bags Finest Golden Rio Coffee 8% 

9 



604 bags Finest Laguayra Green Coffee. 
10,000 lbs. Roasted Mocha and Java Coffee 
1.000 bxs. Finest Laundry Soap (100 bars) 

603 barrels Water White Kerosene Oil 

9,000 bales Choice Timothy Hay 

9,000 3 lb. Cans Tomatoes, per dozen 1 20 



2 °r§ 

"8 



If you handle WINES and LIQUORS 
here Is where you can SAVE BIG MONEY 

We will give special guarantee that all of our 
goods are four years old, fully cured and abso- 
lutely pure. There is no occasion for you to 
buy Wine or Whiskey by the barrel. I can 



sell it to you in 1 to 4% gallon packages at the 
same price as you pay for a barrel ; tben you 
can measure your goods and you know just 
how much you get. I make no charge for 
packages. 

Fine Old Gibson XXX Pure RyeWhiskey, 

4 years old. 4% gallon lots $2 25 

Pure Old Clemmens, Mountain Dew, in 

4% gallon packages, 3 years old, per g., 1 65 
Pure Blackberry Brandy, 4% gal. lots, g., 60 

Finest Juniper Gin, 4% gallon lots 1 55 

Old Northampton Apple Brandy, Pure 

Apple Juice, per gallon 2 00 

North Carolina Corn Whiskey , 8 years old, 

pure goods, 4% gallon lots 1 55 

100,000 Fine Havana Cigars, per box of 50.. 1 50 

10,000 Boxes Finest Chewing Tobacco 

of the following Brands. 

Old Peach, Sweet Orange, Plum, Grape, Mar- 
itana. Tornado, Shrimp, Bald Eagle, Ward 
Brand, Silk Tie, Dill's Best, Good Luck All 
these are the finest goods made and they must 
be sold. Send for what you need. 



SUGAR. 

Best American Granulated Sugar AM 

White A Sugar, per pound 4% 

Cut Loaf. 6 

Powdered 6 

Light Brown Sugar, 6 lbs. for 25 

We sell entirely for CASH, send Money- 
Order or Registered Letter to 
insure safe delivery. 

When you have calls for. or if you can sell 
Green Vegetables or Dried Fruits, I can supply 
your wants at cost. 

Out-of-town customers are constantly ►end- 
ing us Cabbage. Beets. Corn, Onion*, Pens, 
Beans, Irish and Sweet Potatoes, Bananas, 
Oranges, Lemons, Apples, Grapes and any- 
thing that come out of the ground, or in fact- 
out of the heavens above, such as Walnuts, 
Persimmons, etc. 

If you have Country Produce such as 

Butter, Eggs, Chickens, Smoked Meets, Live 
Stock of any kind : Wood, Lumber, Wool. I 
will give you the highest market price, make 
you prompt returns and liberal advances. 



D. O'SULUVAN, Eighteenth and Main Streets, Richmond, Va. 



502 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 




Special prices given on Studebaker and 
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts. 




Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker 
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 

nnil'T EMMSET ! All the merchants 

UUfl I rUnU£l J in town who claim 

to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the 
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only 
place in Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oli- 
ver Plows and Repairs is at 1436 and 1438 East 
Main Street. 

CHATTANOOGA IMPROVED CANE MILLS. 

GRIND YOUR OWN CANE. 

The Best Constructed, Finest Finished, and 
Lightest- Running Cane Mill in the World. 



Among the prominent agencies 

represented by us are the 

following : 

Genuine Oliver Chilled Plows and 

Repairs. 
Genuine Farmers' Friend Plows. 

Subsoil Plows. 
Studebaker and Brown Farm 

Wagons, Carts and Buggies. 
Land Rollers and Harrows. 
Tiger Disc Harrows and Bement 

Disc Cultivators. 

Full line of Brown Walking and 

Riding Cultivators. 

A fall line of Scientific Crushing 

and Grinding Machinery. 

Ross Feed Cutten, Horse Powers, 

Grinders, Wood Saws and Carriers. 

Milwaukee Hay Tools and Corn 

Huskers and Shredders. 

Champion Mowers, Reapers 

and Binders. Hay Rakes 

and Twine. 

Buckeye Iron and Wood Pumps. 

IXL Wind Mills. 

Superior Grain Drills. 

Hallock's Success Anti-Clog 

Weeder and Cultivator. 

Full line of As pin wall Potato 

Machinery. 




Scientific Steel Corn Harvester. 

The best Harvester on earth. For standing corn. 
Safety seats. Safety shafts. 





The Lyons Improved Fanning Mill. 





ROSS 



Fodder Cutters, Fodder 
Shredders, Cutters for 
all purposes, Corn Shel- 
ters, Grinding Mills, 
Horse Powers and 
Wood Saws. 



" Take Time by the Forelock," and 

write for Discount and 

Terms on 

CHATTANOOGA 

SELF-SKIMMING 

EVAPORATOR. 

ELI Baling Presses. 

58 styles and sizes. For. 
horse or steam power. 

Write for prices and catalogues. 

Milwaukee Corn Hukser 
and Fodder Shredder 

With blower or carrier. 
Manufactured in four sizes ; 
T aros m a p h i n e> a for the Are unequalled for grinding Ear Corn, shucks on or 
ij,arge mac nines ior me off) Corn Qats Wneat and all other grains, singly or 

thresherrneu, and small ma- mixed. Power mills in five sizes 2 to 30 horse-power, 
chines for farmers' own use Sweep mills in 2 styles. Geared mills in 4 styles. 



Superior Hoe Disc Drills. 
All Sizes. With'or Without Fertilizer. 

BUCKEYE CIDER MILLS. 

All Sizes. 




The SCIENTIFIC Grinding Mills. 



HENING & NUCKOL$,cH^lf s H , u $ NTiR,143B-38E. Main Street, 



,V4. 



Agricultural Implements and Machinery 




Older Mills— with wooden crushing rollers. 




CTCLONE 
Feed and Ensilage Cutters. 



All Sizes. 




The Hocking Valley Cider and Wine Mills 

Have crushing rollers made of wood, which 
impart no taste or discoloration to the juice. 

Buckeye Grain and Fertilizer Drill 

With hoes or disc. Drills grain of all kinds, 
corn, peas, grass seed and fertilizers. 

Our Five-Hoe Drill 

For seeding between rows of standing corn is 
a great success. 

Continental Disc Harrows, 

Changed to straight or slanting tooth without 
stopping team. 

Ensilage and Feed Cutters. 

Capacities from 600 to 16,000 pounds per hour. 

The Union Cutter. 

Crushes the stalk after it leaves the knives- 
far superior to shredding. 

The Combined Feed Mill and Horse Power 

Is indispensable to every farmer. Grinds 
corn, shelled or on cob, grain of all kind*, 
and is a first-class horse-power for any pur- 
pose. Three machines in one. 

The McCormick Corn Binder 

Works like a grain binder, cutting and tieing 
the corn and delivering in bundles. 

The McCormick Husker and Shredder. 

The most complete machine of its class made. 
The very low price brings it within the means 
of all. 

Corn Shelters 

For hand or power, separating corn from cob. 

Churns — Improved Buckeye 
Rocker. 

Unequalled for cheapness, with 
simplicity, strength, durability 
and^perfect work. 

Cane Mills and Evaporators. 

Turned rollers, steel shafts, brass 
boxes, enclosed gearing. Made of 
special iron of great strength. 



Portable Evaporators 

With furnace. Pans of galvanized 
steel or copper. 

Cucumber Wood Pumps 

With porcelain-lined cylinder, for 
wells up to 45 feet in depth. 



The Hancock Disc Plow, 

Improved for 1902. 
Will work in any land, and with less draft 
than any other disc plow. 




Disc Drill. 




Feed Mill and Power. 




Portable Evaporator. 




Cane Mill. 



Belt Power Press. 





Hand Power Press. 



Full Circle Horse-Power Press. 



THE WATT PLOW CO., rn 2£22£££r'* 



The 



NORTHWESTERN 



MUTUAL LIFE 
INSURANCE CO. 



ORGANIZED 1857. 



PURELY MUTUAL. 



This Company has paid over ONE MILLION DOLLARS in Virginia, in death losses alone, without contest or 
compromise of a single policy. 

Ask any policy-holder of the NORTHWESTERN how he likes the Company. We have policy holders in every 
county in the State, whose names and other information on the subject will De furnished to any one contemplating 
life insurance, or desiring to represent 

THE BEST COMPANY POR THE POLICY-HOLDER. 

T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent, 1201 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 

STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. If you wish fat and smooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give 




DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. 



For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 
DIXIE NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT-Best on earth for Man or 
Beast. Large Bottle 25 eta. ; everywhere. 

OWENS & MINOR DRUG CO., Richmond, Va. 



Farmers Must use Fertilizers to Succeed. 

We offer them the following Brands, with full confidence in their merits : 

"TRAVERS' WHEAT and GRASS FERTILIZER," 
"CAPITAL" BONE-POTASH FERTILIZER, 

"TRAVERS' DISSOLVED BONE PHOSPHATE," 
"BEEF, BLOOD and BONE FERTILIZER," 
"STANDARD" DISSOLVED S. C. BONE, 
"CAPITAL" DISSOLVED S. C. BONE. 




8®°We especia'y recommend ORCHILLA GUANO for GRASS or 

CLOVER. It makes it grow where all other fertilizers fail. It equals 
Raw Bone, at a much less price, and makes poor land rich, 

WRITE FOR PRICES. OTHER BRANDS FOR OTHER CROPS. 

S. W. TRAVERS & CO., Manufact'rs, Richmond, Va. 

Branch Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. 



i 



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8 



The STATE BANK OF VIRGINIA 



JOHN 6. ELLETT, Preside Wit. M. HILL, Cashier. 

Capital, teoo.ooo surplus, $240,000. 
lEfcionMioiiriD- - viEGrariJi.