Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty-Third Year. 



Southern Planter 



A MONTHLY JOURNAL 



DEVOTED TO 



S0 I : ' a K rot 



K-pc 



(90Q 



Practical and Progressive Agricultuic, . -orticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE : 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

J. P. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 



Proprietors. 



Vol. 63. 



SEPTEMBER, 1902. 



No. 9. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT : 

Editorial— Work for the Month 503 

" Wheat Seeding 505 

Humus the Great Renovator of the Soil.. 507 

Wheat Crop at Drewry's Bluff, Va 508 

Curing Pea- Vine Hay 508 

Are Our Farms Becoming Impoverished? 509 

Complete and Incomplete Fertilizers 510 

The Cost of Wheat Production in the South 511 

How to Farm Clay Soils— An Old English Author- 
ity on Clays 512 

Grass Seeding and Hay Production' 513 

Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, page 535) 515 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD : 

Editorial— Work for the Month 517 

A Word of Encouragement to Country Gardeners.. 517 

Strawberry Culture— Late Summer Work 518 

Pruning Orchards 518 

How to Raise a Good Crop of Strawberries Next 

Spring from Plants Set This Fall 519 

Pear Blight 520 

The Dewberry 520 

Apples and Pears Cracking 520 

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY : 

Editorial — Making Hog Meat in the South 521 

Sale of Shorthorns at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada- 522 

Alfalfa— Stomach Worms in Sheep 522 

Roughness for Wintering Steers 521 



Preventing and Curing Texas Fever 523 

Some Recent Records and Sales of Guernsey 

Cattle 524 

Combination Sale of Shorthorns, Polled Angus 

and Herefords in Virginia 524 

Selecting a Ram 525 

Dekol 2d Butter Boy 3d 525 

Feeding Hogs Indoors 525 

THE P0DLTRY YARD : 

The Breeding of the Pekin Duck— The Care and 

Marketing of Ducklings 526 

Preservation of Eggi 527 

Some Timely Hints 527 

Poultry Keeping Profitable 527 

One Cause of Failure in Poultry Keeping 528 

THE HORSE: 

Online, 2:04, Dead 529 

Notes 529 

MISCELLANEOUS : 

Editorial— Cement Floors for Stables and Barns.... 531 
Agricultural Statistics of Virginia and North Car- 
olina _ 531 

Virginia as a Home for the Farmer 532 

The Labor Situation in Germany 533 

Alfalfa 534 

Editorial— Air-Curing Tobacco 534 

How to Cure the New Crop of Tobacco 534 

An Uneven Apple Crop 534 

Publisher's Notes 535 

advertisements 536 



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The Southern Planter. 

DEVOTED TO 

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 

Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.--XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. --SULLY. 



63d Year. 



Richmond, September, 1902. 



]V L 



No. 9. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. | 

Since the month of August came in up to this 
writing (21st August) nearly the whole of the South- 
ern States have received good and much needed rains 
without being subjected to floods. The temperature 
has, however, been in most sections much below nor- 
mal. In Middle Virginia, the second week in August 
was the coldest ever known at this season of the year. 
Notwithstanding this, crops have made good progress, 
the ground being warm when the rain fell on it, and 
thus in a condition to push on the growth when the 
needed moisture was supplied. The indications now 
are that we shall have an average crop of corn through 
out the country grown on the largest acreage ever 
planted to that crop. In the Southern States, where 
about one-third of the total crop is grown, the yield 
will be shortened by the unfavorable weather we had 
at and just after planting time, but the acreage is 
larger than usual, and hence we shall have probably 
about the average supply. This shortening of the 
yield by a cold and backward spring emphasizes what 
we have so often said as to not being in too great a 
hurry to plant corn in cold wet land. Far better 
to give the land more cultivation and plant a little 
later when the soil is warmed, and when the growth 
can be continuous from planting to maturity. Corn 
once set back, especially when this set-back occurs 
soon after planting, rarely makes a good crop, how- 
ever propitious the season may be. Cotton and 
tobacco, whilst promising to be average' crops on the 



whole, are yet very varied in different sections even of 
the same county. Sweet potatoes promise an excellent 
crop in Tidewater and on the Eastern Shore. Peanuts 
have improved considerably since the rains. Abund- 
ant crops of forage plants are being harvested — peas, 
Soy beans and sorghum having made a great growth 
since the rains. Corn for the silo is making a fine 
crop. The fruit crop, with the exception of pears and 
grapes, is comparatively a failure in this State and 
North Carolina. Water melons and canteloupes have 
been and still are very plentiful. The melon crop in 
Tidewater Virginia has now become quite an impor- 
tant factor in the agricultural economy of that section, 
several hundred thousand melons having this year 
been shipped from thence to New York and other 
Northern markets. 



The work of preparing the land for the seeding of 
the wheat crop should have attention. In this issue 
will be found an article dealing fully with this subject, 
to which we refer our readers. 



The land for the winter oat crop should be got ready 
and the crop be sown in this and the following month. 
As a rule, the seeding of winter oats is delayed much 
too long, and as a consequence, much of it is killed 
out during the winter. One of the best farmers in 
the middle section of Virginia, who always made a 
great crop of winter oats, told us some years ago that 
after thirty years' experience in growing it he always 



504 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



found that he made the best crop when sown in Sep 
tember. We have known him to make seventy five 
bushels to the acre year after year. He plowed deeply, 
prepared a fine seed bed, and covered the oats deep. 
In the winter he usually top dressed the crop with 
farm- yard manure, and rarely suffered from winter 
killing. There is no reason whatever (except the care 
lessness of farmers in seeding the crop late and put 
ting it on the poorest land dh the farm) why such poor 
yields of this crop should be made as are common in 
the South. If it is worth growing at all, and it cer- 
tainly is, as both the grain and the straw are valuable 
as feed, it is worth while to give it an opportunity to 
do its best. If the land is poor, give it a dressing of 
acid phosphate, eay, 300 or 400 lbs. to the acre. Do 
not sow poor, light seed. There are several new varie 
ties now being offered which promise to be valuable. 
In Tennessee, the Culberson oat made seventy three 
bushels to the acre, seeded October 3d. It matured 
earlier by fully two weeks than any other variety. 

In some sections of this State winter barley is now 
being grown, and promises to become a popular crop. 
It makes good winter and spring grazing. It should 
be sown during September or early in October. At 
the Tennessee Station, seeded on September 17th, it 
made a yield of thirty bushels to the acre, and it has 
made on good land in that State seventy one bushels 
to the acre. 

The work of seeding grass should be pushed on as 
fast as possible. In our August issue we wrote very 
fully on this subject, and to that issue we refer our 
readers. In connection with this subject of hay grow- 
ing in the South we note from the latest returns of the 
Department of Agriculture that the Southern States 
make an average yield of hay greater than many of 
the Northern and Western States, and that, on land 
not selling for one half the average price of the land 
in those States, thus effectually disposing of the objec- 
tion that we cannot grow hay in the South. 

Continue the work of seeding Crimson clover and 
Sand vetch, as advised in our August issue. Seed 
with a mixture of wheat or oats, or both. This will 
give winter and spring grazing an early forage crop 
for feeding green, or good hay, and if not wanted for 
any of these purposes will be worth all it costs to pro- 
duce, to turn down to supply humus and plant food 
for the corn crop next year. In this issue will be 
found an article dealing with the subject of humus 
and its importance in improving the lands of the 
South. 

Give attention to the harvesting of the forage crops j 



as they mature. Do not allow the cow-peas to stand 
until all the leaves and most of the peas are on the 
ground. Cut when the first pods are turning yellow 
and cure, as advised in our last issue, or try the method 
advised in this issue by Mr. Blacknall. Sorghum 
makes the nicest feed when cut when the seed is just 
forming or a little before this time. If allowed to ma- 
ture the seed much of the nutriment is removed from 
the stalk and leaves and etored in the seed. Millet 
should be cut when in bloom and before seed forms. 
The seed is injurious to most horses and to many cat- 
tle. If Kaffir corn or sorghum is allowed to stand until 
the seed matures it should be threshed out before the 
fodder is fed to stock and be ground into meal for 
feed. If fed on the stalk very much of it will be wasted 
by passing through the animals undigested. 



Rape and turnips may still be sown for pasturage, 
though it is getting late for them to make much growth 
unh ss the fall is a fine one. If the winter is not a se- 
vere one rape will stand through it and make good 
pasturage again in the spring. 



When filling the silo do not hurry the work. Cut 
half a day and fill half a day. In this way the silo 
will hold much more, and better, sweeter silage will be 
made. Cover the silage with coarse marsh grass or 
with cut straw and chaff to the depth of a foot or eigh- 
teen inches. Water this well and pack solid and it 
will soon mat together with mold and form a perfect 
cover for preserving the silage. 



Do not waste time pulling fodder. Cut the corn 
down at the root as soon as the grain is glazed and 
dented and set up in shocks. In this way both fodder 
and grain will be saved and both make good feed. 
No farmer can afford to waste corn stalks. Properly 
used and saved they contain a very large proportion 
of the feeding value of the crops; 



Weeds will grow apace on the stubble fields now 
that there is so much moisture in the ground. Have 
them cut down with the mower before they seed and 
either leave as a mulch or dry and cure for feed. 
There is very considerable nutriment in many weeds, 
and they make, when nicely cured, a great help in 
providing quantity if not quality of feed for young 
stock in winter. Especially are they relished by sheep 
in the winter, and they do them good. 



As opportunity offers, set the plows to work break- 
ing land intended to be cropped next year. There is 
no fear of plowing too deep at this time of the year. 
Turn up some of the subsoil on to the top and let it be 
weathered ; it will by next spring be ready to give 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



505 



■up some of its unexhausted plant food for the benefit 
of the crops. When the gubsoil is a good one or a 
hard pan, break it with a subsoil plow, and thus add 
to the available feeding ground of the crops, and form 
a reservoir for the storage of water, and thus prevent 
washing and gullying of the land. When too late to 
sow Crimson clover, vetches or wheat or oats on these 
plowed lands sow rye at the rate of a bushel to the 
acre. This will serve as a crop to conserve fertility 
and prevent the leaching of plant-food from the soil. 
It will also add humus to the land when turned under 
in the spring. 



Have all barns, stables, sheds and houses thoroughly 
•overhauled and put into a good state of repair before 
the cold nights come on. It is very little good taking 
up cattle out of pastures and housing them in leaking, 
drafty buildings. They are better out of doors than 
in such places. A few hours spent with some lum- 
ber and nails would make many a building comfortable 
which now is almost worse than useless. 



Have all manure cleaned out of the stables, pens 
and yards, and put upon the poor places in the fields. 
Then use the lime wash bucket and brush freely in 
side and outside the buildings (unless the outside be 
painted). Lime is a great destroyer of germs of disease 
and sweetener of the atmosphere. A coat of paint 
applied to the*outside of the house and barn would 
add much to its appearance and preserve the lumber. 
A few hundred dollars spent in paint to be applied to 
the farm houses and buildings in the South would add 
hundreds df thousands of dollars to the selling value 
of Southern farms. 



WHEAT SEEDING. 



In our last issue we remarked that whilst it was too 
«arly to begin so wing wheat or winter oats in August 
it was none too early to begin the work of preparing 
the land for these crops. This work of preparation 
we hope has been in progress on many farms during 
August. The land where not too wet has been in fine 
condition for plowing — the showery weather we had 
having softened the surface whilst the abnormal cool- 
ness of the air has made work pleasant and compara- 
tively easy for the teams. The importance of well 
fitting the land for seeding wheat is not half appre- 
ciated as it ought to be. Exhaustive experiments 
conducted both in this country and in England have 
conclusively shown that perfect preparation of the 
land before seeding is of much greater influence on the 
yield than the quantity of fertilizer applied. When 
once the seed is sown in the case of wheat and oats 
the work of cultivation practically is at an end. In 



the production of corn, cotton or tobacco, and of po- 
tatoes and other hoed crops the work of cultivation is 
carried on simultaneously with the growth of the crop, 
and often continues until the crop is almost grown. 
If this be necessary to secure a good yield in the case 
of these crops seeded in April and May, and we know 
it to be so, then how important is it that in the case of 
wheat and oats seeded in September, October and No- 
vember, and so seeded asthat after cultivation is prac- 
tically impossible except to the extent of harrowing 
the field over once in spring, and even this is often 
neglected, that the land should be so prepared before 
seeding as that the crop may be able to secure the 
necessary food for its perfection. This it cannot pos- 
sibly do unless the land be deeply broken and the sur- 
face soil to the depth of four or five inches be so fined 
as to permit of the rootlets of the plant penetrating it 
easily, and the action of the air and the moisture of 
the atmosphere being admitted to render soluble the 
plant food contained in each grain of soil. Professor 
Hunnicutt, in discussing this question of preparation, 
says: "We once selected one acre in a twenty- acre 
field, an average spot, and plowed and harrowed this 
acre fourteen times right along belore we quit. We 
then planted and cultivated this acre just as we did 
the rest of the field, running the rows right along 
through it. The yield was much more than double 
any other acre. This has continued to be true for five 
years in all kinds of crops. All through the growing 
season this acre can be distinguished as far as you can 
see the field. All crops grow off quicker and yield 
heavier. 'Culture is manure' is true." In an experi- 
ment made in South Dakota three plats on which 
wheat had been grown continuously for five years re- 
ceived different cultural treatment. The first was 
plowed three to four inches deep and given ordinary 
cultivation ; the second was plowed six to seven inches 
deep, but otherwise treated as the first ; the third was 
given better cultivation, and was spring plowed 6 to 7 
inches deep. The yields for the three plats were 4 
bushels, 7 bushels, and 13 bushels per acre respec- 
tively. In previous experiments harrowing after fall 
plowing, rolling, and harrowing after spring plowing, 
and harrowing again when the wheat was six inches 
high increased the yield 4£ bushels per acre as com- 
pared with only such cultivation as was necessary to 
put in the cr,op. The result of these and other similar 
experiments go to show that the question with the 
farmer ought not to be is this land fit to beiseeded, 
but rather can I not make it much fitter by giving one 
or two extra rollings and harrowings. Whilst this 
costs something in labor, labor even at present prices 
is usually cheaper than fertilizer and much more cer- 
tain in its results. That it is important to avail our- 
selves of everything that can increase the yield of 



506 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[Saptember 



wheat in the Southern States if the crop is to be pro 
dnced profitably is evidenced by the average yields 
quoted in our last issue, viz. : Virginia, 11 bushels to 
the acre ; North Carolina, 8 bushels to the acre, and 
for South Carolina 8 bushels to the acre. For this 
year the estimates just published give for Virginia, 
North and South Carolina slightly over five bushels to 
the acre, for Georgia and Tennessee slightly over six 
bushels to the acre, for West Virginia seven bushels 
to the acre, and for Kentucky nine bushels to the 
acre. Maryland is estimated at fourteen bushels to 
the acre. Yields such as these cannot be profitable. 
That they can be easily improved upon is conclusively 
shown by the report on the crop of this year of Mr. 
Bellwood, grown in Virginia, published in this issue, 
where seventy five acres of land made an average of 
twenty nine bushels to the acre, and some part of the 
aiea made over forty bushels. This crop was made 
without the use of any fertilizer, and on land that 
only a few years ago was regarded as poor and worn 
out, and which has been brought up to its present 
state of fertility solely by the use of leguminous crops, 
deep and perfect cultivation, and a sound system of 
rotation of crops. Having said this much in enforce- 
ment of the importance of good and early preparation 
of the land, it may be well for us now to point out 
what are the essentials for securing a profitable crop 
of wheat. This we would state in this order : 1st, 
land of good fertility ; 2d, land broken deeply and 
early enough to allow it to become well consolidated 
before being seeded ; 3d, land with the surface soil 
to the depth of three or four inches as finely broken 
as can be done ; 4th, land seeded as early as can safely 
be done to avoid injury from the fly ; 5th, the seed 
sown to be of a variety suited to the climatic condi 
tions of the section and well cleaned and freed from 
small and light grains. That land of good fertility is 
needed is evidenced by the fact that a crop of thirty 
bushels of wheat to the acre with an average produc 
tion of straw takes from the soil 45 pounds of nitro 
gen, 221 pounds of phosphoric acid, 28 pounds of pot- 
ash, and 10 £ pounds of lime. This amount of plant 
food must be in an available condition, and to secure 
this it is necessary that either the soil must naturally 
be fertile or it must have these constituents added in 
due proportion. The availability of the plant food is 
largely determined by the fineness of the preparation 
of the seed-bed. Whilst nitrogen is the element 
called for in largest proportion, yet numerous experi 
nients have gone to prove that phosphoric acid is the 
constituent most largely controlling the yield of wheat. 
At the Virginia Experiment Station, as the result of 
a series of tests, Professor Nourse reports "that the 
greatest yields of both grain and straw have been 
produced on plots fertilized with all three elements — 



nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash — but that the 
most effective of these has been phosphoric acid. Prom 
a financial standpoint, the results obtained show that 
nitrogen and pofcash, used alone or combined, have on 
the Station soils resulted in loss. Phosphoric acid 
alone has proven more profitable than applications of 
potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen combined, 
though the yield per acre has been less. The greatest 
profit resulted from the combined use of phosphoric 
acid and potash. In experiments conducted at the 
Tennessee Experiment Station with winter wheat after 
bare fallow it was shown that the cost of the increase 
per bushel was 19 cents with 250 pounds of acid phos- 
phate per acre in two applications, 26 cents with 10 
tons of barnyard manure applied in 1900 and 5 tons 
in 1901, and 32 cents with an application of 50 bushels 
of lime in 1900, while accompanied by a crop of cow- 
peas plowed under 50 bushels of lime applied in 1900 
reduced the cost of increased yield per bushel to 16 
cents, 250 pounds of basic slag to 17 cents, and the 
same amount of Tennessee and South Carolina acid 
phosphates to 16 and 20 cents. The phosphates gave 
good results in all cases. To supply the quantity 
of plant food needed by a 30 bushel crop of wheat 
would call for the application of 300 pounds of nitrate 
of soda or 600 pounds of cotton seed meal, 200 pounds 
of 12 per cent, acid phosphate, and 50 pounds of mu- 
riate of potash to the acre. As crops are seldom capa- 
ble of utilizing more than 50 to 75 per cent, of the 
plant food supplied by a fertilizer to secure the 
amount of food which the crop calls for, either much 
more than these quantities must be applied or there 
must be a reserve of food in the soil which* good culti- 
vation must render available. The nitrogen called for 
can be well supplied by a crop of clover or cow- peas 
plowed down, but to be effective this should be done at 
least six weeks or two months before the land is seeded, 
or otherwise a sufficiently consolidated seed-bed cannot 
be obtained and the value of the clover or cow -peas is 
largely neutralized -by the spongy seed-bed. If this 
cannot be done then the crop of clover or cow- peas 
should be made into hay and the stubble only be turned 
down. This stubble and the roots of the plants will 
largely supply the nitrogen called for. As showing 
the value of cow-peas as a preparation for wheat where 
wheat was grown continuously on the same ground for 
three years, each crop preceded by a crop of cow- peas, 
the crop gave an ir creased yield of 46 per cent, as 
compared with breaking the stubble and not sowing 
peas. The phosphoric acid required can be supplied 
either by acid phosphate or bone meal, or by a com- 
bination of the two. Wherever the supply of nitrogen 
is deficient bone meal should be used, as it provides 
some 4 or 5 per cent, of nitrogen in addition to the 
phosphoric acid. Whilst potash is shown to be quite 



1VU&] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



507 



largely called for, yet from the fact that the best wheat 
lands usually contain a large proportion of clay which 
is naturally rich in potash, though often in an un- 
available form, this element can usually be secured 
by a dressing of lime, say of 50 bushels to the acre, 
and this has the additional advantage of almost inva 
riably securing a good stand of clover in the wheat. 
When applying lime and phosphate to the land previ 
ous to seeding a crop the lime should be applied as 
soon as the land is plowed and be harrowed in and 
become mixed with the soil for a week or two before 
the phosphate is applied, as it has a tendency, if 
brought into immediate contact with the phosphate, 
to revert it and thus render it less available. Where 
land is very deficient in nitrogen, as in land lacking 
in humus or upon which neither cow peas nor clover 
have been grown, it is better only to supply sufficient 
in the fertilizer applied at seeding time to give the 
wheat a start and then to give a top dressing of ni 
trate of soda in the spring, say 100 pounds to the 
acre, when the plant has started growth. 

As to the time of seeding. We would urge earlier 
seeding than is often practiced, yet at the same time 
caution in. not seeding so early as to incur the risk of 
fly in the crop. Usually this may be secured by 
seeding after the first frost. It is of importance to se 
cure a good growth of the plant before the hard frosts 
set in, as this largely prevents heaving of the crop and 
winter killing. Wherever the fly has been prevalent 
a catch crop of wheat, say a strip across the field, 
should be sown in September. The flies will attack 
this and can then be plowed down and destroyed. As 
to the variety to be sown, experiments have clearly 
demonstrated that there is practically no difference 
in yield between the bearded and smooth varieties. 
Amongst the best yielding varieties in recent experi- 
ments in the South are Fulcaster, Poole, Mediterra- 
nean, Currell's Prolific and Harvest King. These 
have all given yields of from 30 to 37 bushels to the 
acre. 



HUMUS THE GREAT RENO VATOR'OF,] THE SOIL. 

The greatest need of all the land of the South is 
humus. Humus is decayed vegetable matter, and is 
the prime agent in promoting fertility in the soil. In 
its absence lands rich in all the elements of plant food 
fail to produce good crops. Analysis may show the 
soil to have more phosphoric acid and potash in it 
than could be exhaused from it by a long series of 
crops, and yet it will fail to produce, nor can it be 
induced to do so by the application of fertilizers of 
any kind unless and until filled with humus. The 
soil without humus is practically a dead soil, and a 
dead soil is an unproductive one. Leave a piece of 



land which has been rendered unproductive by con- 
stant cropping without the return of any plant food 
uncared for and unworked, and nature will set about 
its renovation by the restoration of humus. Weeds 
and the lowest forms of plant life will commence to 
grow, young forest trees will get a start, and the dead 
leaves and vegetable matter will each year be added 
to the soil. These, in process of time, will restore 
the fertility of the land, but the process is a slow one. 
But it must be imitated by man if the soil is ever again 
to become a profitable one. The humus in all our 
Southern lands has been exhausted mainly by con- 
stant cropping in clean hoed crops and by the contin- 
uous growing of one or two crops. 

In experiments conducted in Minnesota, it was found 
that continuous wheat growing for eight years caused 
an annual loss of over 2,000 lbs. per acre of humus 
due to the fermentation and decomposition of organic 
matter in the soil. This loss of humus changed the 
physical properties of the soil, causing it to be less 
retentive of moisture, lighter in color, and heavier in 
weight per cubic foot. During times of drought, the 
soil from the continuous wheat plot contained less 
water than the soil from the plot which produced 
wheat in rotation with clover. Humus conserves the 
moisture of the soil, while the rotation of the crops, 
the use of farm manures and the growing of clover 
and other leguminous crops conserves the humus of 
the soil. One of the great objects served by humus 
is that of forming a home for the millions of microbic 
forms of life upon which it is now known depends 
largely the conversion of the soil elements into avail- 
able plant food. In the absence of humus these forms 
cannot exist and multiply, and without them plants 
cannot get their food. Another object served is the 
formation of humic acid, which is a powerful solvent 
of the mineral plant food, either naturally existing in 
the soil or applied to it in the form of fertilizer. A 
third object is the keeping open of the soil so that the 
oxygen of the air can penetrate it and carry its life- 
giving properties to the plant roots. This humus 
being, then, of such importance in restoring and 
maintaining the fertility of land, it is of the highest 
moment to the farmer that he shall know how to 
secure it. It may be done in several ways. If his 
land is near a city, he may buy manure from the city 
stables. This is the course largely adopted by trackers 
who need very large supplies of humus in their soils 
to enable them to produce quickly the vegetable crops 
which they supply to the cities. This method of sup- 
plying humus making matter to the soil is too costly 
and incapable of adoption by the general farmer. 
Where a large head of live stock is kept on the farm, 
and all the manure is carefully saved, large supplies 
of humus- making matter may be added to the land 



508 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



each year ; and this is one of the great advantages 
secured in keeping a large head of live stock even when 
the price of beef and mutton is low in the markets. 
There are thousands of farmers in England and Scot 
land who, in years of even average prices for meat, 
make but little profit on their live stock beyond that 
secured in the manure made by the stock. But this 
manure keeps their lands rich and enables them to 
make heavy crops of wheat, barley and oats without 
any purchased fertilizer, and therein is profit. The 
average yield of wheat in England is over thirty 
bushels to the acre, as against about fourteen in this 
country. Such a yield would not be possible unless 
the land was filled with humus. The South needs 
much to follow in this line, for now, and we believe 
for several years to come, there is not only profit to be 
had in the manure made, but in the meat produced. 
A third method of adding humus to the soil is by the 
growth of leguminous and forage crops. This method 
can and should be adopted by every farmer. It is 
the quickest way in which the work can be done, as 
here we can grow two, at least, of these crops in every 
year. By keeping the land covered with these crops, 
both in winter and summer, we promote the nitrifica 
tion of the soil, prevent leaching of available plant 
food, and at the same time, when the crop or stubble 
is plowed down, add rapidly to the humus content of 
the soil. During the spring and summer months, we 
have been urging the growth of these leguminous and 
forage crops as food for stock. We now urge the 
growth of Crimson clover, Sand vetch, Winter vetch, 
and mixed with these or separately, wheat, oats and 
rye as food for the soil and as savers of the fertility in 
the soil which will otherwise be leached away by the 
winter and spring rains. At the cost of about a dol 
lar, as much Crimson clover, vetch, and wheat, oat or 
rye seed can be had as will seed an acre, and the labor 
cost need not amount to as much more. For this two 
dollars humus making matter can be had worth to the 
permanent fertility of the land many times the cost. 
Let this work be attended to during this and the two 
following months. It will be time and money well 
spent. 



WHEAT CROP AT DREWRY'S BLUFF, VA. 

In our Jnly issue we published an article on the 
value of leguminous crops, good preparation, and a 
sound system of rotation as factors in the successful 
production of wheat. The crop of wheat which led 
to the writing of that article was one of 75 acres grown 
by Mr. Bellwood on his farm at Drewry's Bluff, Va. 
We then estimated the crop at an average of 25 bush- 
els to the acre. Some part of it we thought would go 
much beyond that yield and a small part less. Re- 



cently the crop has been threshed out and has giver* 
an average yield of a little over 29 bushels to the acre. 
One part of the crop yielded 40 bushels to the acre, 
and a small part only 24 bushels. The point about 
this crop of most interest is that on no part of the 
land has any fertilizer been applied for many years — 
in fact, never since Mr. Bellwood owned the place. 
The land has been brought up to its present state of 
fertility by the adoption of a system of rotation under 
which at least one and often two leguminous crops 
have been produced between each grain crop. This, 
with deep plowing, fine preparation of the land, and 
early seeding of the crop has brought about the result 
stated. 



CURING PEA-VINE HAY. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

The cow- pea is worth as much as the cotton plant to 
the country, perhaps more, for it thrives much farther 
north and thrives in vast regions in which cotton will 
not grow at all. The cow pea has a three fold value. 
Greatest of all is that it increases the fertility of every 
acre on which it is grown and increases it faster and 
more economically than any other crop as easily, 
surely and widely grown. Then the pea itself is of a 
high value as stock food, nor do men with sound ap- 
petites despise it. Third, as a forage the pea vine 
hay is beyond comparison the best food that we have 
ever used. Shredded as we shred it its actual value 
to us is fully twice that of average timothy hay. Of 
course a chemical analysis does not show that differ- 
ence, though I believe it shows a considerable differ- 
ence, in favor of pea vine hay. In estimating its 
value I consider the great relish of all the animals for 
it, their superior condition and working capacity, and 
the lessened ration of grain that will keep them up 
while fed on it. 

The value of pea vine hay as a forage depends very 
largely upon its proper curing ; probably more so 
than any other forage whatever. The curing of it is 
the simplest, easiest thing in the world. I don't 
know how I came to adopt it, unless it was owing to 
my belief that the best things are the simplest things, 
the best ways the simplest ways. Nevertheless, this 
mode of curing is of incalculable value to us. For it 
not only cures the hay perfectly, but there (b no 
worry, no element of uncertainty as in all other modes. 

We cut the pea vines with a mower drawn by two 
horses. One machine well handled will cut nearly ten 
acres a day. A cutting blade could, of course, be used 
for a small acreage. Right behind our mower follows 
a force putting up stack poles. Any ten foot pole will 
answer as it has to stand only a short while. The 
pole set we nail a strip of wood — readily riven from 



1 902. J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



509 



pine or any wood that splits easily — about four feet 
long, placing it about one foot above the ground, and 
immediately above another similar strip nailed cross 
wise the first. These strips serve to keep the bottom 
of the stack of vines from resting on the ground and 
rotting in wet seasons. Brush will answer as well or 
even better though it is not practicable where a great 
many stack poles are to be protected. We put up 
about 2000 stacks every fall. We have cured vines 
without any rotting at all when no protection at all 
was used at the bottom of the stack. 

Well, the stack poles planted, we follow right behind 
the mower and make stacks of the vines as high as 
the poles and about four feet in diameter, sloping and 
smoothing the stacks at the top so as to shed water. 

No more attention or thought need be given the 
stacks until the vines are sufficiently cured to be thresh- 
ed and shredded. And a beautiful and most excellent 
lot of forage you will have, too. All cnred green and 
sweet. It tastes sweet — almost like sugar cane. The 
shredding should be done as soon after the vines are 
cured as practicable, as the longer the stacks stand 
the deeper the weather affects the vines. Besides, bad 
weather is apt to come later in the fall and hinder the 
shredding. 

We have found the mode to work perfectly even in 
seasons like 1901— the wettest ever known here. My 
neighbors, who let their vines lay to cure or even to 
wilt, had them badly damaged. We went right ahead 
reaping and stacking every hour that the standing 
vines were not actually wet with rain and lost not an 
armful of forage. 

Having thus to our complete satisfaction settled the 
vexatious matter of curing the hay, we plant one hun- 
dred acres of peas annually. The result is that we 
have an abundance of excellent forage to use and much 
to sell. Our work animals are the wonder and admi 
ration of the neighborhood, though their work is the 
heaviest in the country, our two hundred acres of 
strawberries requiring at least eight plowings from 
May to September to keep them perfectly clean. I 
have calculated that one horse in giving these eight 
plowings would have to travel nearly 5,000 miles. 

The stubble fields from which the vines are cut are 
plowed under as soon as practicable and in October 
or November plowed again and prepared for strawber 
ries. When the strawberries come off the field is 
again drilled to peas. By this rotation our land, the 
poorest in the country, it was said when we started, 
has become about the best. The peas fit the soil for 
any crop, but they seem just the thing to put it in per- 
fect tilth for strawberries which revel and flourish 
like the green bay tree. And thus the pea has become 
the salvation of our land and of ourselves. 

O. W. Blaoknall. 

Kittrell, N. C. 
« 



ARE OUR FARMS BECOMING IMPOVERISHED? 

Editor Southern Planter : 

The idea is prevalent with many persons, and espe- 
cially with those who write for the agricultural press, 
that the ground is becoming impoverished, the soil 
getting less fertile, and the farms producing lees and 
less. We know that some of the fertility at the sur- 
face is being carried off in farm crops, aud that some 
of the manure spread on the fields is carried down 
with the rain water below the reach of the deepest 
rooted plants, or the best turning plow. We behold 
the creeks and rivers at flood time loaded with rich 
sediment swept from the hillsides and surface of the 
cultivated fields, and bearing it down to the ocean, 
where it is destined to remain until in some future age 
of the world it is elevated by subterranean heat from 
beneath the waves, to become the prairies of a new 
continent. 

Of the immense amount of fertility carried down by 
the rivers forming vast deltas at their mouths, and 
the never ceasing flow of sewage from the great cities, 
only a small proportion is ever returned to the farms 
in the shape of fish, oysters, clams, and sea- weeds. 

Of the vast quantity of food for man and beast 
shipped from the farms to the cities, only a fraction 
is ever returned to restore the fertility it removed, 
and this fraction seldom reaches the farms from which 
the food came. 

From this 'point of view, the whole tillable earth, 
sooner or later, is sure to become a barren, and the 
period of universal starvation for man and beast will 
not fail to arrive. 

Professor Julius Hensel, of Germany, says: "The 
yield of the ground is steadily decreasing." Dr. 
Galen Wilson says : " The farms in New York, and 
probably those in most of the old settled States, are 
depreciating in available fertility." They cite us to 
the abandoned farms in New England, and the impov- 
erished fields of the South, as the omen of the ap- 
proaching day of wrath, the beginning of the end. 

These people seem to forget, or do not properly 
consider, that the creative agencies which first formed 
the soils are still as active as ever ; that the work of 
soil refinement is still going on as vigorously as at the 
beginning ; that the rocks are crumbling to atoms, 
and the atoms rotting down to fine, soluble, fertile 
earths. The Report of the Commissioner of Patents 
for 1861 says : "The constant penetration of minerals 
and rocks by water, with alternate freezing and thaw- 
ing, breaks up and disintegrates them, setting free 
their potash, lime, phosphoric and silicic acids, &c, 
for plants. Chemical analysis informs us that the soil 
contains immense quantities of nitrogenous organic 
matter, in which the nitrogen is not in a state aesimi- 






510 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



lable by plants. The constant variations of moisture 
to which this is subjected under the varying influences 
of temperature serve to break up these organic com 
pounds, to set free carbonic acid and ammonia and 
nitric acid from them for the roots of the growing 
plants." 

It was the assistance of superior tillage which 
Jethro Tull and the Rev. Mr. Smith, of England, gave 
to these natural agencies to dissolve the organic com- 
pounds, that enabled them to farm so many years 
without the use of fertilizers of any kind, and thereby 
claim that tillage is manure. 

The earth receives back and absorbs the fertilizing 
gases which escape in the process of fermentation and 
decay. The nitrogen which ascends from the steam- 
ing dunghill is not lost from the world, although it 
may be lost from that particular farm. It descends 
again with the rain and snow, and no doubt is some 
times absorbed by the earth when carried over the 
fields by the wind. 

Dry earth renders inodorous the stench from the 
privy vault, and in the economy of nature the earth 
purifies the air, and in purifying it obtains some of the 
materials wanted for the formation of plants. Clover 
and other leguminous plants obtain nitrogen from the 
atmosphere in unlimited quantities, and nitrogen is 
one of the most important and indispensable ingre 
dients of a fertile soil. 

It is frequently asserted that the yield of all crops 
is far below the average of years ago. 'This is not 
true in regard to the farm on which I live, which has 
been cultivated a hundred years, and I think produces 
as good crops as ever it did. The farms on the oppo 
site side of the river from mine have been cultivated 
still longer, and so far as I can see produce as abund- 
ant crops as ever when the cultivation is good. 

The yield of farm crops varies, as everybody knows, 
in different years according to the favorableness or 
unfavorableness of the seasons. The average yields 
of wheat per acre in the United States in the year 
1866, according to the Report of the Commissioner of 
Agriculture, was 9.9 bushels, and for the year 1898 
15.3 bushels. 

According to the census of 1880, the average yield 
of wheat per acre in the United States was 13 bushels, 
and by the census of 1890, 14 bushels. 

The Secretary of Agriculture, in his Report for 
1892, says : "The yield on old land is increasing, and 
on new land decreasing. New England in the few 
fields cultivated obtains more per acre than the richest 
soils of the West." He explains the falling off in the 
yield of western lands thus: " The yield declines in 
the newest and richest soils, not because of soil ex- 
haustion, but because of its fatness in stimulating 
weeds." 



If the soil was wearing out, and the land becoming 
impoverished, as Dr. Hensel alleges, then the impov- 
erishment would be most apparent in Europe, which 
has been under cultivation for two thousand years. 
The average yield of wheat per acre for the last five 
years preceding 1900 was in Hungary 17.4 bushels; 
France, 19.5 bushels; Germany, 26.1 bushels, and in 
Great Britain 32.2 bushels. 

Fertility will continue to escape into the sea, as it 
has done ever since the rivers began to run, and cities 
were built on their banks. Fertility will continne to 
sink into the earth below the reach of the roots of 
plants, but with good farming the natural recupera- 
tion will go on, good crops will continue to be raised, 
and the fields grow richer instead of poorer. 

J. W. Ingham. 



COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE FERTILIZERS. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

A complete fertilizer is one which contains the three 
essential plant food ingredients — nitrogen, phosphoric 
acid and potash. Correspondingly, every fertilizer 
which is lacking in any one of these ingredients, is of 
necessity an incomplete fertilizer. A complete fer- 
tilizer is made by mixing together certain raw mate- 
rials which contain phosphoric acid, nitrogen and pot- 
ash. The most common of the raw materials used as 
sources of plant food are nitrate of soda, sulphate of 
ammonia, tankage, fish scrap, dried blood and cotton- 
seed meal as sources of nitrogen. The phosphoric 
acid is obtained mostly from acid phosphate, dis- 
solved bone or bone meal. For potash we have to 
look to Germany, from which country are exported 
great quantities of potash salts, these salts most com- 
monly appearing on the market in the form of muriate 
of potash, sulphate of potash, sulphate of potash- 
magnesia, and kainit. 

Some farmers buy their fertilizers already com- 
pounded, while others purchase the materials sepa- 
rately and mix them at home. In either case it is 
equally essential that the fertilizer applied should be 
properly balanced ; most of the bad results obtained 
are due either to an inequality in the composition of 
the fertilizers, or else to an injudicious application of 
the manure. No farmer can tell exactly what fertilizer 
will give the beat results upon his particular soil un- 
less he has made some experiments and observations 
on his own account. It is true that experimenting 
requires care and attention, but nevertheless, after 
the farmer has once ascertained what proportion of 
plant food ingredients will produce the most profita- 
ble returns, the increased yields will more than com- 
pensate him for the time and trouble involved. 
No special rules can be laid down for applying the 



£902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



511 



fertilizers, though it is a generally recognized fact that 
manures for fruits and vegetables should contain a 
liberal percentage of potash. Potash exercises a 
marked influence on both the quantity and quality of 
the produce ; this ingredient, however, should be well 
backed up with phosphoric acid in order to produce 
the best results. As for the nitrogen, much study 
should be given to the amount of this ingredient to 
be used, for if an excess is applied it is liable to pro- 
duce a rank growth of foliage at the expense of the 
fruit or grain, whichever the case may be. 

It often happens that the physical condition of the 
soil is such that the fertilizers will not produce paying 
results, and in some cases an application of lime at 
the rate of 2,000 pounds per acre will prove quite 
beneficial. 

It will pay the farmer to keep his soil well supplied 
with organic matter through the cultivation of one or 
the other of the leguminous crops, clover or peas, for 
every well informed farmer now- a days knows that as 
these crops possess the property of absorbing nitrogen 
from the air, the soil on which they are grown needs 
only to be fertilized with potash and phosphate, thus 
saving the expense of applying nitrogen, the most 
costly ingredient of all. 

Geo. K. Wilson. 

|"It will not pay any farmer to use commercial fer- 
tilizers unle83 his soil is well supplied with humus 
from decayed vegetable matter. This and not fer- 
tilizers is what nearly all the land of the South most 
needs. The leguminous crops mo3t quickly supply 
this need, but vegetable matter of any kind can be 
utilized for the purpose. No straw, grass or weeds 
should be burnt, but be all turned under. — Ed.] 



THE COST OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE 
SOUTH. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

For some time I have been a subscriber to your val- 
uable journal. I have watched and read all articles 
written on "Preparing the Seed-Bed for Wheat," 
"Harvesting the Wheat," &c, but have never seen 
anything in regard to the cost of producing the same, 
except in your July issue, "Cost of Growing Wheat 
in Kansas." That is too far from home for us to feel 
that it is the cost of our grain. 

For several years I have kept an account with my 
wheat crop, charging up each night the actual amount 
of labor for the day, with twenty- five cents added 
for board, and each horse twenty cents a day for feed. 

The following statement is for the year 1899-1900, 
when corn was worth $1.50 per barrel ; hay, $10 per 
ton ; bran, $20 per ton ; labor, $10 and $12 per month, 
or 50c. per day, both with board. These figures are 
not intended for the farmer who owns his farm and 
operates it himself, but for the man who rents and 
gives as rent one half of the crop, the landlord fur 
nishing one half seed wheat and one half fertilizer. 
I will not go into full details, but simply give the 
totals. I take the liberty of sending this with the 



hope that it will interest some one enough to make a 
reply, and thereby help me and some other young 
farmers. 

I would ask each farmer, Do you know what it costs 
you to raise a bushel of wheat on your farm f If you 
do not, just begin this year, and see for your own 
satisfaction. 

Cost of Production, 1899-1900—126 acres. 

Stubble fallow 33 acres 

Corn ground 47 " 

Wire grass pasture 46 " 

126 " 
Plowing, dragging, raking and carting off 
wire grass, scooping water leads and drill- 
ing wheat $ 91 75 

Feedforstock 53 20 

Fertilizer and freight (one-half ) 142 00 

Seed wheat (one- half ) 91 50 

Freight and drayage, seed wheat, (one-half) 4 25 



Harvesting : 
Extra labor, at $1.00. 

Eegular labor... 

Feed for stock .... 

Twine 



$382 70 

14 00 

7 00 

5 60 

22 00 



$48 60 
Threshing : 

2,261 bushels of wheat, at 4c $ 90 52 

Extra labor 22 00 

Eegular labor 5 00 

Feed for home stock 2 80 

Mending bags 46 

Board for labor 9 80 

Feed for extra stoek 3 20 

Three tons of coal - 8 00 



$141 78 
Summary : 
Preparing ground, seeding fertilizer, seed 

wheat, &c $ 382 70 

Harvesting 48 70 

Threshing 141 78 

Freight and commission on 1020.75 bushels 

wheat shipped (one half ) 47 98 

Freight and commission on 75 bus. shipped.. 3 3,3 

Total cost L $624 39 

Cost per acre • 4 96 

Total quantity of wheat grown, 2,362 bushels (meas- 
ured by weight). 
Tenant's share of wheat, 1,181 bushels. 

Cost per bushel to market 53 

Sale of 1096 bushels 806 42 

Seed, 85 " 62 41 

1181 " 

Total returns $868 83 

Total cost 624 39 

Net profit 126 acres $244 44 

Net profit 1 acre 1 94 

Net profit 1 bushel 20 



512 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September 



Crop of 1900 and 1901—92 acres : 

Total cost $426 46 

Cost per acre 4 64 

Cost per bushel to market- 56 

Net profit 1 bushel 11 

Crop of 1901 and 1902—60 acres : 

Total cost $343 46 

Cost per acre 5 72 

(Extra ditchiDg and grubbing, more 
preparing of land on account of wire 
grass). 

Cost per bushel to market 66 

Net profit 1 bushel 12 

Crop of 1899 and 1900— Fertilizer used, 272 lbs. per 
acre ; seed wheat, li bushels per acre. 

Crop of 1900 and 1901— Fertilizer used, 300 lbs. per 
acre ; seed wheat, lh bushels per acre. 

Crop of 1901 and 1902— Fertilizer used, 320 lbs. per 
acre ; seed wheat, If bushels per acre. 

Composition of Fertilizer used — 
200 pounds muriate potash. 
100 " " magnesia. 

400 " tankage. 
1300 " S. C. Eock. 



2000 



I send you this statement, and should like to get the 
ideas of some experienced farmers as to why they sow 
wheat when they know their land will not produce an 
average of more than 20 bushels per acre, and along 
with it sow grass to be killed to a great extent when 
they cut wheat by the hot sun. 

Queen Anne Co. } Md. A Subscriber. 

In past years we have published similar statements 
to the above, showing the cost of producing wheat in 
the South. They, like this one, have gone to prove 
conclusively that producing only 20 or 25 bushels to 
the acre cannot result in a living profit when either 
rent or interest on the value of the land is taken into 
account. In the case of our correspondent the owner 
of the land was the party best paid. He got a good 
rent for his land. The lesson taught by the above 
statement is the one we have been endeavoring to en 
force for years. Grow wheat on land specially adapted 
for its production. Prepare the land better. There 
is more in the preparation of the land before seeding 
than in the fertilizer used. Adopt and follow a sys 
tern of rotation that will bring at least one legumi- 
nous crop in between each wheat crop, and better 
still, two, and thus grow the nitrogen needed, rather 
than have to buy it, and thus reduce the cost of fer 
tilizer to the phosphoric acid required. We doubt 
much the need of potash for the wheat crop on land 
specially adapted to wheat. This should be land with 
a good percentage of clay in its composition, and clay 
is almost always rich enough in potash if it is only 
rendered available by the use of lime every few years, 
say once in five years, fifty bushels to the acre. This 
also will ensure clover, which will give the nitrogen 
needed by the wheat. — Ed. 



. HOW TO FARM CLAY SOILS. 

An Old English Authority on Clays. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I have never had much experience in farming clay r 
because I have only a small patch on my farm, and 
that is not pure clay, but pure enough to coalesce and 
run together when wet, and become solid as unbaked 
brick when dry. 

Clay soil has been pulverized by some natural t 
agency like glacial action, or the ceaseless movement 
of tides and waves in former ages. "The mills of the 
gods grind slow, but they grind exceeding fine." The 
fineness of clay is its virtue and its bane. The finer 
the particles of the soil, the more readily the roots of 
plants can extract from it the materials for their forma- 
tion, and 1 believe they take up some of the fine soil 
itself to construct their solid parts. The gigantic 
trees of California were not built up from merely water 
and air. Wheat plants have to have lime to stiffen 
the straw. The trouble is the finer the particles of 
the soil the closer they can crowd together when wet, 
and the harder the land will become when dry. 

In Hale's Husbandry, published in London in 1758, 
it is said : "All clay lands aie known by these quali- 
ties ; they hold the water that falls on them, and when 
thoroughly wetted are a great while before they are 
dry ; in the same manner, when thoroughly dry, they 
are not soon wetted. In a dry season the land cracks ; 
if it be plowed when wet, it sticks like mortar ; in a 
dry season, the plow tears it up in great hard clods, 
which are all clay at the bottom. For this reason 
where the coat of soil (the top soil) is not thick, the 
farmer must not plow deep, for he will injure his land 
by mixing the clay among it. Clayey soils require a 
great deal of industry and care, as well as knowledge 
in dressing and management ; but when the toughness 
is overcome so that the farmer can get his grain into 
them and see it well covered, they very often yield 
large crops. The mixed soil over these beds of clay is 
generally of considerable thickness. This is happy 
for the farmer, as it gives him the liberty of plowing 
deep, which this kind of land requires more than any 
other. 

The first method for improving this soil is by fre- 
quent repeating of these deep plowings to break and 
separate clods over and over, as the sun and air cal- 
cine them. To this is to be added the assistance of 
dressings. It is the particular quality of this clay 
that it will receive all kinds of manures, and be im- 
proved by them ; but the labor must be equal to the 
expense, for without this frequent plowing, nothing 
will take effect upon it. In Northamptonshire they 
manure it with lime rubbish to some advantage ; 
in Hertfordshire they use soot and ashes ; but that 



1902.] 



THE SOTJTHEEN PLANTER. 



513 



which agrees best of all with its nature is ohalk. 
It may be remarked of clayey soils in general, that 
although no ground is so stubborn or so barren when 
neglected, none has so many good qualities when it 
has been thoroughly wrought. The more tough and 
stubborn these soils are, the richer they prove when 
they are thoroughly subdued." 

The reader will pardon me for making so long an 
extract from a book, as the book is an old one and 
out of print, and shows that agricultural science 
had arrived at a high degree of perfection in Great 
Britain 144 years ago, and that the farmers of England 
at that time knew the best method of handling differ- 
ent soils. 

It sounds a little strange to American ears to hear 
of putting chalk on land for manure, but chalk is more 
plentiful in England than plaster in the State of New 
York, and is no doubt, as stated by Hale, the best 
fertilizer for heavy clay lands. Throughout the ex 
tensive chalk district in England the practice of 
spreading this substance over the surface of the land 
has pievailed from the remotest times. In the case of 
the Lincolnshire wolds, once as celebrated for desolate 
barrenness as they are now for high culture and 
smiling fertility, chalking was one of the important 
means of bringing about this wonderful improvement. 

Clay is sometimes called alumine, or argillaceous 
earth. It is the worst kind of soil with which a 
farmer has to contend. It can be ameliorated by a 
mixture of sand, or any other substance like rotten 
manure, which serves to ieep the particles of clay 
separate, thereby destroying its tenacity and ability 
to harden. 

Clay soils are benefited by being plowed in the fall, 
the winter freezing tending to loosen the clods. 

I knew a man who put 200 tons of river sand and 
ten tons of fine manure on his clay garden, and made 
it as mellow as the garden of Eden. 

A certain proportion of clay is indispensable for 
the formation of the best soils. ' A good wheat soil 
must contain at least 18 per cent, of clay. Good grass 
land requires at least 30 per cent, of clay. 

J. W. Ingham. 



GRASS SEEDING AND HAY PRODUCTION. 

In our last issue we wrote at some length on this 
subject. In connection with what we then said, we 
think that the following article, contributed by Mr. 
Clark, of Higganum, Conn., to the American Cultivator, 
may be read with interest and profit. Mr. Clark has 
made a reputation during the last few years as the 
producer of the heaviest crops of hay in the country : 

" I had hoped to give you some points on my grass 
crop of this year while it was growing, but lack of 



time prevented. The early spring was cold and dry, 
so that the use of fertilizers was not as effective as it 
would otherwise have been. In fact, while later on 
we had plenty of rain, it was so cold that the grass 
crop of the entire eastern and northern sections is, 
as a whole, rather light. Too many farmers depend 
on the Lord for making a crop of grass without aid. 

Some changes in my field give me 141 acres, on 
which I so wed $208 worth of fertilizers, a little less 
than $16 worth per acre, or $3.25 per ton of hay pro- 
duced. The total product was 128,874 pounds. 

Five acres of the field were badly washed by a cloud- 
burst the last of August, in 1901. This was reseeded 
the tenth of September, which gave but little time to 
cultivate, aerate and renew the soil. This portion of 
the field produced but 2} tons to the acre, and one acre 
in a shady orchard produced but little over two tons. 

Of this field 11 acres produced 10,947 pounds; 4i 
acres produced 46,134 pounds; 2f acres newly sown, 
produced 27,107 pounds, while seven eighths of an acre 
yielded 11,850 pounds or at the rate of 13,331 pounds 
to the acre. 

This field has been seeded thirteen years, and thir- 
teen first crops and twelve second crops (a total 
of 102 tons) have been taken from one seeding. On 
one section of five eighths of an acre the yield was 
8545 pounds, or at the rate of 13,672 pounds to 
the acre. The two sections, seven- eighths of an 
acre and five eighths of an acre, or a total of 1§ acres, 
gave over ten tons to the first crop, and for the second 
crop I hope for four to five tons more. These two sec- 
tions are natural grass lands, with clay, gravel, hard 
pan soil, with just grade enough to carry off the water 
from the surface, moist, wet, underdrained, with no 
vegetable matter. "Cold, wet, unproductive" — that 
was its record. 

Land that will carry subsoil water is wanted. Man 
provides the rest. The cost of producing a ton of hay 
on this kind of land is less than $2, or less than $4 per 
ton in the barn. On an experimental piece of one- 
half acre, which was cut up with the " Double Action 
Harrow," which has been seeded two years, taken up 
Sept. 1, 1901, and seeded fifteen days later, the product 
was 4810 pounds, or at the rate of, 9620 pounds per 
acre. 

As above stated the total yield from the 141 acres 
was 128 874 pounds of well cured hay. I have the 
exact cost of a ton of dry hay, including fertilizer, 
spreading, cutting, curing and putting the hay in the 
barn, which is $4.95. I call it $5 per ton. Seven acres 
of this were reseeded from the tenth to the fifteenth 
of September, 1901 when it should have been seeded 
Sept. 1, 1901, and would have given a better crop. 
The total yield of the seven acres of new seeded ground 
was 46,677 pounds, or an average of 7778 pounds, 
which is 212 pounds less than four tons to the acre, 
nine months from the day of seeding, and that under 
very unfavorable circumstances. 

This is conclusive evidence to me that if we want to 
grow grass we had better sow grass seed, and if wheat, 
rye or other grain, or, in fact, any other crop, we had 
better sow them by themselves to achieve success, for 
it is certain that a proper grass stand cannot be ob- 
tained with any other crop. 

My grass crop this year confirms more fully, if pos- 
sible, three things : First, that grass should always be 
sown by itself; second, that timothy and red top in 



514 



I'HB SOUTHEEN PLANTEB. 



| September 



equal parts are correct proportions ; and third, that in- 
tense cultivation is absolutely necessary for success. 

The outlook, this year, for a second crop is good. 
I am now sowing the fertilizer for that crop. I fer 
tilize for every crop, and use one third each of bone, 
muriate of potash and nitrate of soda, as per instruc 
tions in my 'grass circular. 

The truth of my statements in relation to grass cul 
ture have been questioned. To all such questioners, I 
would say the facts which I have found are utterly be- 
yond what any of us would have thought possible to 
obtain twenty years ago. Nevertheless, my statements 
are true. Those who come here and examine for 
themselves (and there are hundreds of visitors) go 
away convinced of the fact. 

I have personally answered more than twenty thous- 
and letters, and sent out more than twenty thousand 
circulars concerning the grass culture in the last two 
years. I have a sufficient supply of circulars yet on 
hand, and to all who would like my experience, and 
who will send a two cent stamp, I will send a circular 
and cheerfully answer any questions they may ask. 
On the other hand, if they desire to visit me here I 
will cheerfully give them my time and any infor- 
mation possible. This is no toy. Ton would not 
think so if you had stood by me while pitching on 
forty two of the sixty six loads which were put into 
the barn on the twelfth day of July. I will report 
later about my second crop of hay." 



and transplanting in October or November or in the 
spring, into rows twelve to fifteen inches apart and 
four to six inches apart in the rows, or the seed may 
be sown thinly in the rows in spring and be there 
allowed to grow to maturity. The best varieties of 
the seed onions are White Bermuda, White Pearl, 
Southport Globe, Yellow Danvers, or Eed Wethers- 
field.— Ed. 



ENQUIRER'S COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Planter, 
Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re 
plies to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter. 



Onion Growing. 

Please state through the Planter when onions should 
be planted, what variety for market, etc. How would 
rich low land suit, which is subject to overflow? 

Mecklenburg Co., Va. Old Subscribes. 

Onions may be grown either from sets or seed 
planted or sown in the fall or spring, according to the 
variety. They require rich, loam land, but should 
not be planted or sown on land subject to overflow. 
The land should be well drained and finely worked, 
and be kept free from weeds. The Yellow Potato 
onion is one of the best varieties for fall planting. 
This onion is always grown from sets, as it does not 
make seed. Plant the sets in September or October 
in rows eighteen inches apart and nine inches apart 
in the row, and cover about an inch deep. This onion 
makes a fine crop for selling in the early spring mar 
ket green, or it may be allowed to ripen, and will be 
ready for shipping in June. Early White Pearl, Yel- 
low Danvers, and Silver Skin sets may also be set out 
In the fall, but are more usually planted in spring, ex- 
cept in the warm trucking sections of Tidewater. 

Onions grown from seed may be raised either by 
sowing the seed in beds in the fall, say, in September, 



Preventing Washing of Land. 

A new comer into the hill section of the Piedmont 
range of Virginia, I am an enquirer for information, 
through your valuable publicatton, as to the best 
method of cultivation or preparation of these lands 
to prevent so large a portion of the surface soil wash- 
ing off. Prom a limited experience and observation, 
it appears this question is of great importance to 
every farmer. 

I wish to keep my land open for orchard culture. 
In the new fields it is important to prepare properly 
before setting the trees. T. W. Dexteb. 

Albemarle Go.,Va. 

The true remedy for the washing of the hill lands 
of the South is deep plowing and subsoiling and the 
filling of the soil with humus. The soil washes off 
because the subsoil is so compact that the water (fall- 
ing on the surface) canaot get into it, and because the 
soil itself is so devoid of vegetable matter that it can- 
not absorb and hold the rainfall. Plow deep and sub- 
soil wherever possible, and then sow Crimson clover 
(10 lbs. to the acre), Hairy vetch or English vetch 
(25 to 30 lbs. to the acre), with half or three quarters 
of a bushel of wheat, oats or rye, or a mixture of all 
three grains, in the early fall (September or October). 
Plow this crop down in the spring and follow with 
cow- peas, or a mixture of cow-peas and sorghum, in 
May or Jane. This crop may either be cut for hay 
or be grazed with hogs or cattle or be plowed down in 
the fall and be followed again with Crimson clover 
and the mixed grains, in the fall. This second crop 
may be either grazed or cut for hay or plowed down, 
as the condition of the soil would seem to warrant, 
and the land may then be put into corn or other forage 
crops and be seeded to grass and red clover in August 
or September. A dressing of farm-yard manure each 
year, or the application of 300 or 400 lbs. to the acre 
of acid phosphate, will greatly help to secure a heavy 
crop of the Crimson clover and cow-peas, and thus 
make more vegetable matter to put into the soil. 
Always plow deep and keep the subsoil open. — Ed. 



Lame Horse — Flies on Cattle. 

1. I have a fine young mare, lame in her hip, which 
is worse when trotting and very sensitive to touch and 
and has been so for several months. I have no idea 
what causes the trouble, as she has been kindly 
handled. Two years ago, when I was riding her, 
she slipped on a hillside and sprained my ankle, 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



515 



but I don't think she injured her hip there, for it 
never seemed to bother her until months after. Any 
remedy you would advise would be gratefully re- 
ceived. 

2. Do you know of any preparation on the market 
that will actually kill flies on cattle ? I use as a spray, 
a preparation of "Kill Ply," but it only drives them 
away without killing them. 

I enjoy the Planter greatly, and think any farmer 
who does without it makes a big mistake. 

Richmond Co., Va. W. Gray Brockenbrotjgh. 

1. The lameness is most probably caused by some 
injury to the hip joint caused by the accident you re 
fer to. We would apply fly blister to the sensitive 
part and give her rest. 

2. We believe all the fly remedies on the market 
are merely repellants, and not destructive to flies. 
This is the character of those of which we have had 
reports. Their efficiency depends on the length of 
time during which their odor or stickiness makes 
them objectionable to the flies. — Ed. 



line with power. Then we make the hind wheel larger 
as it rolls easier. We make the body narrow as it 
turns around shorter. This is the philosophy of the 
wagon. In the case of the locomotive with low 
drive wheels a larger boiler can be used and at the 
same time be kept within limits of safety from over- 
turning. That is the philosophy of the locomotive. 

He is right as to farming not being an exact science. 
One thing is sure, when the right conditions for a crop 
to grow are secured then it will grow to perfection. 

Nottoway Go.,Va. H. H. 



Bermuda Grass. 

When should Bermuda Grass seed be sown ? Please 
answer in the Planter. 

Grayson Co., Va. J. D. Perkins. 

Bermuda grass should always be seeded in spring, 
and even then it is a very uncertain crop. Bermuda 
grass makes no seed in this country. The imported 
seed is mostly got from Australia. The best way to 
secure a Bermuda sod is to get a sack of the roots 
from an old god. These can be had from farmers gen- 
erally for the asking or from seedsmen. The roots 
should then be run through a chaff cutting machine, 
and the cuttings be dropped in the furrow behind the 
plow a foot or eighteen inches apart two or three bits in 
a place. They will soon take root and make a sod. — 
Ed. 



Grass for Name. 

Find encloaed a sample of grass for name (top and 
root). Is it of any value as a forage plant ? I found 
several bunches in my garden. 

Lena E. Crabtree. 

The sample sent is so small and so immature that 
we are unable to identify it. Send a plant with the 
seed stalk either in flower or just beginning to ripen, 
and we will name it and give its value. — Ed. 



Sick Hogs. 

I have had hogs affected in the same way as those 
of J. H. Moore's, of Surry, and have always found 
clipping off the tail and the ear on the affected side to 
relieve them in a short while. I think it is caused by 
a flow of too much blood to the head. 

Goochland Co., Va. N. S. W. 



Saving Alfalfa Seed. 

I think I can give Mr. N. H. Calhoun the informa- 
tion he asks in regard to saving alfalfa seed. I have 
raised it in Kansas and Canada. The crop needs cut- 
ting when most of the seed is ripe. If you wait for it 
to quit blooming much seed will be lost. Then handle 
as clover. The seed comes out easy. Any machine 
that will thresh timothy will thresh it. It is not neces- 
sary to have a clover huller in order to get all the seed. 

Surry Co., Va. D. Menzel. 



The Draft of Wagons. 
In answer to " Observant Farmer," page 476, Aug- 
ust issue, I would say that about the same principles 
govern both the wagon and the locomotive, viz., 
power for the wagon requires that the line of draft 
correspond with the square of horse's shoulder. On 
this line he can pull more and do it easier. This is 
why front wheels are lower to get the hitch or load in 



Tobacco Curing by Flues. 

We want information to teach us how to use the flue 
in the tobacco barn all in detail. How and where the 
flue ought to be set ? 

Dinwiddie Co., Va. Joseph Sedivy. 

A barn for flue curing tobacco must be made tight, 
all cracks being closed. The furnace ia set at one end 
with the fire-box opening on the outside of the barn, 
so that it can be fired without opening the barn. The 
flue runs across the barn and returns back to the chim- 
ney, which is set at the end near the furnace outside 
the barn. These flues and furnaces are made of sheet- 
iron, and are supplied by the hardware men in all the 
cities in the bright tobacco sections. The tobacco is 
hung in the barn in as fresh a state as possible and 
the firing begins immediately, so that the heat will as- 
cend into the tobacco whilst the leaves are stiff. Three 
days are needed to cure a barn, and it takes from two 
to three cords of wood. It requires very careful judg- 
ment and observation to cure bright tobacco properly, 
and the work should not be attempted without the 
supervision of an expert curer or the tobacco may be 
ruined. Nothing but experience can teach the true 
way. When the fires are started a thermometer is 
hung on a level with the bottom leaves and is care- 
fully watched day and night, and the plants are care- 
fully examined at frequent intervals. The heat must 



516 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER 



[September 



be increased very gradually but must never be check- 
ed. It must never be so intense as to cause sweating. 
The first process in the curing is to maintain a tem- 
perature of 80° or 90° until the leaf is yellowed. This 
requires from eighteen to thirty six hours. After the 
yellowing the heat is raised 5° or 10° at a time, and 
held at each stage for one or two hours until it has at 
tained a temperature of 115° or 120°, where it is held 
for several hours until the leaf is thoroughly cured. 
After this the stalk has to be cured by raising the tem- 
perature to 160°, to 175° by stages of 5 or 10 degrees 
per hour, and keeping the temperature at this point 
until the stalk is thoroughly cured. After this the 
barn is opened and the fires go out. The tobacco is 
then taken down and bulked on the sticks in piles. It 
is left in this way several days and then rehung, being 
crowded very close to prevent injury from atmospheric 
changes. The leaves are afterwards stripped from the 
stalks and bulked down and left for one or two months 
when the color becomes fixed and the slight greenish 
tinge is removed. — Ed. 

Rat Poison. 

Will you kindly advise me through your columns 
the name and address of the manufacturers of the Pas- 
teur's rat poison you mentioned in the Planter some 
months ago as I wish to do some exterminating along 
these lines. ' 'Cabin Point. ' ' 

Pasteur Vaccine Company, Limited, Chicago, Illi- 
nois.— Ed. 



Canada Peas. 

1. What is the proper time to seed Canada peas in 
this section 1 

2. Where can I get seed, and what is the best va- 
riety ? 

3. Give time of harvest. 

I have been told I could sow these peas here in De- 
cember or January and harvest the crop in June. 
Washington Co., Va. A. S. 

1. Canada peas in your section should be sown in 
January or February, as soon as the land will work. 
They should be put in deep, say have four or five 
inches cover, and it is well always to sow a light seed 
ing of oats with them to hold them up. The peas 
should be sown first and be well covered either by put- 
ting them in with a drill or plowing them down, and 
the oats be then seeded and harrowed in. 

2. Wood & Sons, of this city, Seedsmen. 

3. The crop is ready for harvesting in June. It is a 
cool weather crop. The peas mildew as soon as the 
hot weather sets in. — Ed. 



Ginseng. 

Please publish in your next issue whether "ginseng" 
can be raised profitably or not in this section. What 



will be the price of seed, and where can they be ob- 
tained ! 
Sussex Co.,Va. G. W. Eppes. 

We have no doubt but that ginseng can be grown 
in this State, but whether profitably or not we cannot 
say. It is a crop that requires several years to grow 
in order that the roots may reach a marketable size. 
The seed and full information as to growing the crop 
can be had from the American Ginseng Gardens, Eose 
Hill, New York, who advertised in the Planter last 
spring. — Ed. 



Cow- Peas for geed — Crimson Clover. 

Please tell me in your next issue, if you can conve- 
niently do so, how to raise and harvest cow- peas for 
seed. What machinery is required! Can they be 
harvested and threshed by machinery ? Also please 
answer the same questions with regard to Crimson 
clover. How many bushels of cow- peas ought I to ex- 
pect from an acre of land that will grow five barrels of 
corn (25 bushels shelled corn) without manure or fer- 
tilizer of any kind? How many bushels of Crimson 
clover from the same land 1 Could I seed my corn 
land at its last working to Crimson clover, harvest the 
seed from same in the spring, then seed to cow peas 
and mature the cow pea seed? The farm is in Anne 
Arundel county, Maryland, midway between Washing- 
ton and Baltimore. I trust that you will not refer me 
to manufacturers of machines claiming to harvest and 
and thresh cow-peas, but tell me exactly how the work 
is done where the cow pea is grown for seed. 

Anne Arundel Co., Md. P. E. Banehager, Jr. 

If you will refer to page 396, July issue 1902, you 
will find full instructions as to growing cow-peas for 
seed and also as to threshing out the seed. This arti- 
cle is based on information given us by a subscriber 
who grows a large quantity of peas for the seed every 
year. He told us a few days ago that he had made, 
threshing the peas with his grain separator, a perfect 
success. By running the same at about one third the 
speed he runs it for threshing wheat and the removal 
of part of the concaves he last year threshed out be- 
tween 100 and 200 bushels of seed with the loss of less 
than 10 bushels of broken peas. Ton should make 
from 15 to 25 bushels of cow peas per acre on such 
land as you describe. Crimson clover makes about 
the same quantity of seed per acre as red clover and 
requires to be handled in the same way if to be sold. 
If for use only at home many of our subscribers merely 
knock out the seed with a flail and sow it unhulled. 
It requires more to be sown per acre when used in this 
way, but grows just as well. 

You can seed your corn land in Crimson clover at 
the last working and harvest the same and follow with 
cow-peas in time to mature seed peas. — Ed. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



517 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The harvesting shipping and storing of the crops 
raised in the garden, orchard and truck patches is 
work which will call for constant attention during this 
and the following month. See to it that no damaged or 
unsound products are shipped or stored. Let these 
be used at once either in the house or be given to the 
stock. If shipped they will heavily reduce the price 
for which the consignment will sell, and if stored they 
will soon infect the sound products and cause loss of 
the whole. All fruit, roots and vegetables should be 
picked, dug and cut only when dry and then be stored 
temporarily in a cool, dry airy room or shed, not in 
too large bulk, and be there kept until they have 
passed through the sweat or heating which they will 
naturally enter upon. If the quantity is too large to 
store under cover, pile in heap 3 and cover with straw 
and boards to keep out the rain. When the sweating 
is over let the products be carefully sorted over again 
and all showing any indication of unsoundness be 
culled out and the rest be shipped or stored. Apples 
and pears keep best stored in slatted bins or ventila 
ted barrels in cold, dry airy rooms where the frost can 
be excluded. Boots keep best stored in cellars or pits 
covered well with dry straw. Onions keep best on 
slatted shelves. 



The land should be got ready for winter kale, 
spinach and cabbage crops. Prepare thoroughly 
and make it rich with farm- yard manure and 
high-grade fertilizer. All these crops call for 
plenty of potash in the soil. Kale and spinach should 
be seeded in the rows where they are intended to grow 
and mature, and the rows should be wide enough 
apart to permit of cultivation. Seed lightly, so that 
the plants may have room to grow. Cabbage plants 
should be raised in beds and be set out in the rows in 
October and November. If plants for late fall cab- 
bage have been raised as we advised in last months' 
issue they should now be planted out in the rows and 
their growth be pushed by frequent cultivation and 
the application of a dressing of nitrate of soda at the 
rate of 100 pounds to the acre. Cabbage plants in- 
tended for the early spring crop should not be raised 
on too rich land. The object is to grow short, stout, 
well- rooted plants, and this can beat be done by not 
making the land too rich but by preparing it well 
and giving a light manuring and giving the plants 
room to grow. When raised in this way the plants 
will grow right away when transplanted into the rows. 



Potato onion sets should be planted out tkis month 



in rich well prepared land. Set in rows 15 or 18 inches 
apart and 8 inches apart in the rows. These onions 
make the earliest crop of green onions for bunching 
for the spring markets. Sets of the seed varieties, 
like Yellow Danvers and Silver Skin, may be set out 
during this and the following month in mild localities 
or where they can be protected by mats or brush in 
hard spells of weather. 



Seed may be sown in beds to raise plants of the dif- 
ferent seed varieties of onions for planting out in the 
spring. These beds should be where they can be cov- 
ered with mats or brush in the winter or hard spells 
of weather. Sow the seed thinly. The Bermuda, 
White Globe, Yellow Danvers and Bed Wethersfield 
are good varieties to sow. 



Lettuce seed should be sown to raise plants for the 
cold frames and hot-beds and for setting out in the 
spring. Make the beds where they will be sheltered 
from the coldest weather and where they can be pro- 
tected with mats or brush in the winter. 



Badish seed may be sown for the fall crop. 



Strawberries may be planted on* during this and 
the following month. In this issue will be found an 
article dealing more fully with this crop. 



Clean up all trash, vines and vegetable refuse of 
every kind, and either burn or compost with hot 
farm-yard manure, so that insect life and fungoid dis- 
ease germs may be destroyed. 



Sow Crimson clover on all vacant land to conserve 
and improve fertility. 



A WORD OF ENCOURAGEMENT TO COUNTRY 
GARDENERS. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I read with interest your Trucking and Gardening 
Department, and think, as I guess many do, that I could 
do so much were I near market, but there Is something 
we can do even twenty-five miles from a market with 
no way of transportation except weekly market wag- 
ons. I have a quarter of an acre enclosed for a garden. 
I raise two crops on all of it except on the butter bean 
and tomato land. Sometimes I set the tomato plants 
in the onion patch and thus get two crops there. Be- 
sides furnishing an abundant supply of vegetables for 
a family of nine or ten the year round I sell $8 to $10 



518 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



[September 



worth from it every year. We sell a few quarts of 
strawberries and a dollar's worth or two of onions, a 
bushel or two of early Irish potatoes, which always 
pay well if very early, then early cabbage, and butter 
beans, 40 or 50 quarts of beans at from 8 to 15 cents 
per quart. I raise the dwarf beans as they take less 
room and bear earlier. I plant my potato land to Navy 
beans; they always sell well dry. This garden is 
worked entirely by the women and children of the 
family after the land is broken in the spring with the 
plow, so you see we get our pin money out of it after 
enjoying all the nice vegetables and small fruits, with 
a few hours of healthful exercise in the early morning 
and late evening. 

Goochland Co.,Va. A Constant Beader. 



STRAWBERRY CULTURE. 



Late Summer Work. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Stir the soil by shallow culture as soon after each 
packing rain as it is in proper condition. This serves 
a two-fold purpose. It kills all grass and weeds easily 
and long before they attain dangerous proportion, 
and what is equally, if not more valuable, is that it 
conserves moisture by breaking the crust and destroy- 
ing the pores or capillaries by means of which the 
water in the soil passes upward to the surface to be 
lost by evaporation. 

We break the middles of the rows with a small tooth 
cultivator and stir around and between the plants 
with light hand hoes, taking pains not to go too deep, 
especially near the plants. An inch deep near the 
plants increasing gradually to about two inches far- 
ther off is [about right. Where there is not much 
grass to cut up, forked potato hoes answer the purpose 
perfectly. 

The runners should also have careful attention at 
this season. If the soil is rich and the season wet 
they crawl about almost like snakes. If the stool or 
hill system, the best with most varieties, is to be fol 
lowed, the runners must be clipped off as fast as they 
appear. If allowed to grow and dangle on the parent 
plant, it is weakened and the coming crop lessened 
thereby. We have never seen but one runner cutting 
device that worked well — a boy with a knife and an 
eye on the boy. It is exceedingly fast and simple 
work if done in time and costs but little. Bunner 
cutting machinesido not cut the runners close enough 
to the old plant. They must always be cut between 
the old plant and the first joint, else a plant will form 
at the joint and dangle there a most harmfnl parasite 
till winter kills it. 

Look well after the borders of your strawberry fields 



and the ditch banks. Dig up or mow down all weeds 
before they get large enough to "draw" the neigh- 
boring plants. The dryer, the season the worse the 
"drawing. " Trees also do much harm this way by 
sending their roots in the strawberry fields, robbing 
them of moisture and nourishment. It is a good plan 
to cut Jhese pilfering roots. We do it by means of a 
sharp spade driven down deep around the outer bor- 
der of the field next to the trees, using a mattock or 
grubbing hoe when a root is found too large for the 
spade to cut. O. W. Blacknall. 

Kittrell, N. C. 



PRUNING ORCHARDS 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I see a number of items in the Planter in relation to 
the pruning of apple trees, and as to the proper time, 
to induce wood growth and bearing. 

Having been raised on a farm where fruit culture 
was a considerable item, and having on my own ac- 
count renovated and improved two large orchards, 
the trees varying from eight to twenty five years in 
age, my experience may be of service. I have always 
thought the best time to prune a tree was when the 
knife was sharp and the tree needed the application. 
Young trees sometimes make too much wood, these I 
would shorten in August. If they did not make 
growth enough, I would apply more fertilizer and give 
good and frequent cultivation. 

Experience teaches me that the greatest reason for 
trees not bearing is a lack of sufficient nourishment. 
As to cutting rings of bark off the limbs to induce 
bearing, this is too much like cutting the cow's ears 
off to increase her milking qualities. I also notice that 
many young trees are spoiled by pruning too much in 
the centre of the top. That will injure the bearing. 
The head should only be sufficiently opened to admit 
plenty of air and prevent overlapping limbs. 

Frequently the trees get too close and matted on the 
outside. 

Prom where I write I can see some apple trees that 
are so matted that a bird can hardly fly in, yet in the 
centre there is a large open space where there are no 
limbs for apples to grow on. In such a case I would 
train limbs to fill in the centre and open or thin the 
outside. I recollect an orchard that did not commence 
to bear till the trees were sixteen years old, and evi- 
dently the reason was too much centre pruning as the 
trees had plenty of care, good cultivation and fertili- 
zation. 

In renovating my orchards I first pruned to suit my 
taste. Some of the older trees were moss grown. That 
was removed with a moss scraper after rains. I ma- 
nured the land well, but did not let any come nearer 



1902.] 



TliE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



519 



than three feet of the trunks of the trees. Next to the 
trees I put rotted chip dirt, and when the leaves were 
well started I gave the trees a good coat of lime wash, 
being careful to spill a good deal around the roots. 
Then I plowed the land and planted a hoed crop, and 
in the fall seeded to rye and clover. 

One of these orchards had been condemned as a non 
bearer, but since treatment it has produced as well as 
any in the community, only having failed two years 
in fifteen. 

A large fruit grower once told me never to sow rye 
in an orchard. What harm could result from rje more 
than any other crop t 

Goochland Co., Va. Exodes. 



HOW TO RAISE A GOOD CROP OF STRAWBER- 
RIES NEXT SPRING FROM PLANTS SET THIS 
FALL. 

With a little extra pains in preparing the soil and 
setting the plants a very good crop of strawberries 
may be gathered next spring from plants set this 
fall. The largest and earliest berries are always pro 
duced by fall set plants. 

Wherever practicable the best forerunner of the 
strawberry is the cow pea. The peas should have 
been sown, or better still, drilled, early in Jane. 
About September 1st the pea vines can be cut for 
forage. As the fertilizing properties of the pea vine 
reside largely in the roots it probably, as a rule, pays 
better to make forage of the vines than to plow them 
under, especially as the plowing under of a rank crop 
of pea vines is a difficult and uncertain job. Still if 
it can be successfully accomplished and the soil con 
tains but little vegetable matter, it will pay better to 
plow under than to cut the vines. 

Prepare the Soil Thoroughly. 

This thorough preparation is very simple in light 
soil. It consists simply in plowing to a depth of six 
or eight inches. On stiff, cloddy soil it is more diffi 
cult. Thorough preparation, then, consists of com 
pletely pulverizing these clods. This can usually be 
pretty well done by harrowing, though rolling makes 
it more complete. 

This done, one must decide as to what system of 
culture ho will follow — the intensive system or ordi- 
nary field culture. The intensive system means more 
plants at the beginning, more manure, and more cul 
tivation, and at the end more berries. 

If I had an acre or more or less than an acre, and 
wished to obtain from it the best possible results in 
strawberries, I would proceed as follows, the soil be- 
ing prepared as above recommended : 

Scatter broadcast stable manure at the rate of 100 to 
200 good loads an acre. If I had 100 or 200 bushels 
of wood ashes I would put them in, too, taking pains 
to scatter both very evenly and to mix well with the 
soil by repeated plowing and cross plowing. Lacking 
these, I should apply broadcast cotton -seed meal at 
the rate of 2,000 to 4,000 lbs. per acre. If preferred, 
200 to 300 bushels of eotton seed can be used instead 



of the meal, but if the seed are used they must first 
be thoroughly "killed" by wetting and leaving iu 
piles until fermentation kills the germ. If not, the 
seed will endeavor to make cotton instead of fertilizer. 
I have known them to come up even when sown "un- 
kllled" in cold weather. Ashes will also go very well 
with the cotton seed or meal. 

It must be borne in mind that this is very heavy 
manuring, and that such heavy manuring is safe in 
fall planting only when it is thoroughly mixed with 
the soil. Unless this is done, too much manure would 
be likely to come in immediate coutaet with the plant 
roots and do great harm if the weather should be dry. 
The next thing is to get stout, vigorous well rooted 
plants. Much depends on good plants of good varie- 
ties. The growing season is now limited, and a plant 
large and stout when set, besides being surer to live 
and quicker to grow off, has in its size a very great 
advantage. It will even be larger in proportion when 
berry time comes than a small plant would be. 

September and October are the best months for fall 
planting. The ground properly prepared and good 
plants obtained, set them fifceen inches apart and 
let the rows be fifteen inches apart, but between every 
series of three rows leave two feet for a walkway for 
cultivating and gathering berries. Unless the soil is 
naturally wet, raise no bed on which to set the plants, 
but let all be on a level. If necessary to raise the bed 
a little, the walking space between the beds must be 
broader, say two and a half feet. Set the plants by 
means of a line, opening holes large and deep enough 
to admit of spreading the roots in a vertical position; 
press the earth firmly around the roots. If the soil is 
dry at planting, pour water in the holes before setting 
the plants. 

Unless the soil is infested by winter growing weeds, 
very little cultivation will be needed till the spring ; 
still, if a hard packing rain should fall soon after 
planting, a light working with hand hoes promotes 
growth. 

If the liberal quantities of manure mentioned have 
been applied, no more will be needed before berry 
time, but if only the stable manure or only the cotton 
seed or meal has been applied, it will pay to apply 
around or between the plants a month before the time 
for them to bloom, either a liberal quantity of ashes 
or a soluble fertilizer rich in potash. When the in- 
gredients can be obtained, the following formula 
gives a perfect top dressing manure for average soils 
per acre : 

Nitrate of soda 100 lbs. 

Sulphate of potash 100 lbs. 

Acid phosphate or dissolved bone . . 300 lbs. 

The nitrate of soda can be omitted if the heavy 
application of stable manure or cotton-seed meal 
was used. 

Care must be taken to destroy all weeds by shallow 
cultivation early in the spring. A mulch should be 
applied just before growth begins in the spring. This 
mulch is to keep the berrries clean, and should be 
evenly spread just deep enough to hide the plants 
when spread. The first rain will beat it down neatly 
around the plants. If weeds push up through the 
mulch, pull them out. Pine straw, whenever obtain- 
able, makes the best mulch, but almost any kind of 
I straw or litter can be used. 



520 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



At the North, and especially on wet soils given to 
heaving in heavy freezes, it is best to mnlch the plants 
well as soon as very cold weather sets in and remove 
the mulch in early spring, scattering it then around 
and between the plants. 

For ordinary field culture, the plants should be sec 
in rows two and a half or three feet apart and twelve 
or fifteen inches apart in the row. The same plan as 
to manuring can be followed, using it in such quanti 
ties as practicable. If cotton seed meal or the seed is 
used in only moderate quantities, say 500 to 800 lbs. 
meal or fifty bushels of seed per acre, it should be ap- 
plied in the drill, mixing it well with the soil by run- 
ning a cultivator down the row before the lists are 
made. These lists should be knocked down very low, 
about level. Follow same plan of culture as given 
for intensive culture. O. W. Blaoknall. 



PEAR BLIGHT. 



The disease known as pear blight, and little under- 
stood until within a few years past, has been more 
than usually prevalent the present season. The leaves 
on some branch — usually a shoot of the present sea- 
son's growth— die and the shoot soon turns black. 
Frequently this extends farther down to the older 
wood, and if no effort is made to stop the malady the 
tree dies outright. Sometimes it will stop one season, 
to begin again and run its entire course to the death 
of the tree next year. 

The remedy is cutting and burning the affected 
branch, and this should be done as soon as possible. 
The cutting should be some distance below the point 
at which the disease seems to stop — six to twelve 
inches — so as to be certain of removing all the diseased 
wood. This sometimes disfigures the tree, but it is 
an effectual remedy if done properly and without 

delay. 

The remedy is now known to be bacterial ; a micro- 
scopic fungus ; and it may be transmitted from one 
tree to another ; which explains the burning part of 
the treatment recommended above. Even a knife used 
on a diseased branch will infect a healthy tree by cut- 
ting into it, unless the implement is disinfected. The 
simplest method of disinfection is by passing the 
knife blade slowly through the flame of a lamp, and 
this should be done at once. 

The same malady affects some of the apple trees, 
and the quince trees occasionally, but it is not nearly 
so virulent, rarely or never killing the tree but stop 
ping with shoots of the current season's growth. In 
this case it is called twig blight, and the remedy is the 
same. 

Nearly or quite all varieties of the pear are subject 
to the blight, but some more than others, and some 
are so very liable to the disease that they are passing 
out of cultivation. Of this class are Limon, Adams, 
Pitmaston, Idaho, Brandywine, Collins, Paradise d' 
Automne, Hoosic, Moyamensing, Selleck, Kingses- 
sing, Edmonds, Giffard, Glout morceau, Eostiezer, 
and a number of others. Even the fine old Flemish 
Beauty is eo uncertain — or rather so certain to blight — 
that it is being passed by. 

Of those which are but little affected with blight, 
Seckel and Tyson may be said to stand at the head. 
Howell would generally be placed with them, and may 



as well be now, bub this blighty season it is somewhat 
affected. Kleffer, when introduced twenty years or so 
ago, was said never to blight. But it will blight 
sometimes, though not a great deal. One of the most 
deservedly popular varieties, Bartlett, blights occa- 
sionally, but usually yields to prompt treatment. Its 
daughter, Clapp's Favorite, a very fine pear, under- 
stood to be a cross with Flemish Beauty, is nearly as 
subject to the disease as the latter variety. To the list 
of those little affected may be added also Bloodgood, 
which ripens the latter part of July, just before Tyson, 
and Anjou (formerly called Beurre d' Anjou), a late 
fall variety. 

R. J. B. 



THE DEWBERRY. 



The growing of dewberries formed an interesting 
discussion at the meeting of the Missouri Horticultural 
Society. This fruit is considered by many to have an 
especially timely value to the fruit grower, as it ripens 
right after the strawberries and takes a useful place as 
a money maker when no funds are coming in from the 
sale of other fruits. There were not many present who 
had much experience in raising the dewberry, and 
probably from the lack of familiarity with this fruit, 
it was looked upon with more or less disfavor. Still, 
the fruit had its friends, who were emphatic in assert- 
ing that when the plants received proper attention 
they were great money makers. The cultivation of 
this berry should be much the same as for the straw- 
berry, but preference should be given to gravelly soil. 

L. A. Goodman, of Kansas City, Secretary of the 
Society, told a remarkable story about the dewberry. 
He said, a man who had great faith in the profits of 
this berry planted thirty -five acres, with the utmost 
confidence that he was going to make a fortune. After 
experimenting for two or three years with indifferent 
success, he beoame disgusted and plowed up the patch 
on account of borers. The following year he had a 
mammoth crop of dewberries and realized a large sum 
of money. He picked the berries for two or three 
years, and supposing that he had come to the end of his 
crop, he mowed down the vines and then set fire to 
the patch. He was astonished to see the following 
year that he had another tremendous crop of dew- 
berries. Two or three years later he repeated the 
experiment of mowing and burning, and it was fol- 
lowed by splendid results. The past year he gathered 
fifteen carloads of dewberries, and they sold for $2 a 
crate. 



Apples and Pears Cracking. 

When you can find space will you please give some 
reason for pears and apples cracking on the trees. I 
am sure many of your readers would fully appreciate 
some advice on the subject, I among the rest. 

Chesterfield Co., Va. H. D. ' 

The cracking of the fruit is caused usually by a fun- 
goid disease. Spraying the trees and fruit with Bor- 
deaux mixture will kill the spores and thus obviate the 
trouble. The spraying should begin before the trees 
are in leaf and be continued at intervals until the 
fruit is well grown. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER 



521 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



MAKINO HOG MEAT IN THE SOUTH. 

I desire to become a successful meat raiser — some 
thing like 6,000 lbs. per annum. Please give me some 
advice on this. J. 8. Wilson. 

Wilson Co., K. C. 

We take it that you use the word "meat" in the 
sense usually understood in the South — that is, hog 
meat — and hence reply as follows : Making pork or ba- 
con in the South, if it is to be done properly and so as 
to compete in the market with Western meat, must be 
conducted on quite a different system from that 
adopted in the West. There the hog is merely a ma 
chine used to convert 10 to 20 cent corn into a market- 
able product at a profit, and the more corn he can eat 
the more he is appreciated. Here we cannot afford to 
feed 50 to 75 cent corn to make meat to sell at from 
four to five cents a pound. We must make our hog 
meat in some other way, so that only the miuimum of 
corn shall be needed to fit it for home consumption or 
the market. This nature has provided that we may 
and can do if we only properly second her efforts. 
The hog in the South must be a grazing animal and 
not a corn eating machine ; and the duty of each 
farmer is to provide such a succession of forage crops 
as shall permit of this grazing being carried on nearly 
the whole of the year, and for the balance of the year 
to be supplemented with root crops. In this way hog 
meat can be made at the minimum of cost and the 
consumption of corn be reduced to only that small 
quantity required to harden the meat just before kill 
ing. This system also admits of constant improve 
ment of the land by the growth and grazing of these 
crops ; and it is also healthier for the animals, render- 
ing immunity from hog cholera almost certain if only 
supplemented with pure well or spring water. The 
crops required to carry out this idea are cow-peas, Soy 
beans, Canada peas, vetches, sorghum, corn, artl- 
chokes, peanuts, sweet potatoes, and turnips. These 
should be so planted in rotation as to come on in suc- 
cession to supply the need of the hogs. To make the 
business easy of management, a piece of land large 
enough to grow the crops needed for the quantity of 
hogs to be kept should be divided into four or five 
fields and these open into a road so that the hogs can 
be turned into any field at will without crossing the 
fields. Each field or the road leading to the fields 
should have an abundant and constant supply of pure 
spring water accessible to the hogs, and shade should 
be provided either in the fields or accessible from the 
road to which the hogs can resort at any time. This 
time of the year is the proper one to set about the 
arrangement of the fields and the seeding of the first 



crops. Let the fields be well fenced as a preliminary 
to any work of seeding. The hogs must be made to 
realize that they have got to stay where put, or they 
will make trouble for themselves and their owners. A. 
good fence round each field soon accomplishes this 
end. To carry the number of hogs required to make 
6,000 lbs. of meat, ten or twelve acres of good land 
should be divided into five fields. Two of these fields 
should be seeded as soon as possible with Crimson 
clover and Winter oats and wheat mixed together 
say 10 lbs. of clover and half or three quarters of a 
bushel of the grain per acre. Next month sow another 
field with Sand vetch or English vetch and wheat, and 
in November or early in December, sow another field 
with Canada peas and oats, wheat or rye mixed. In 
February, or as soon in the spring as possible, sow the 
other field with rape. Put the hogs on to the Crimson 
clover and wheat first as soon as it is fit to graze. 
When the vetches and wheat are fit to pasture, take 
the hogs off the Crimson clover and put them on the 
vetches. Later, put them on the Canada peas. If 
more Crimson clover was seeded than was grazed 
make into hay or turn down to improve the land. 
Plant one of the Crimson clover fields with sorghum 
in April or May, and the other one with artichokes in 
the same months. The vetches, rape and sorghum 
will provide pasturage until corn, sorghum, Soy beans 
and cow- peas are ready ; these crops being planted 
on the different fields as the earlier crops are grazed 
off. When the first sorghum has been fed off, plow 
the field and seed to rape, or rape and ruta bagas or 
turnips for fall and early winter feeding. The arti- 
chokes will make winter feed to be rooted out by the 
hogs themselves. With such a variety and rotation 
of crops as is here suggested, supplemented if need be 
to carry the hogs always on full feed by peanuts and 
sweet potatoes in sections adapted to their growth a 
herd of thirty or forty hogs can be grown and fattened 
every year, needing only a few bushels of corn to 
harden the meat just before killing. A prime requi- 
site for success, however, is a herd of well-bred hogs 
Eazorbacks will not fill the bill. Get Berkshires 
Essex, Jersey or Tamworths by preference for a hot 
climate. White hogs are good, but better for a cooler 
section than the South. 



SALE OF SHORTHORNS AT HAMILTON 
ONTARIO, CANADA. 

At the opening sale of the Hamilton Stock Yards 
Aug. 13 bh, 58 head of Shorthorns, consigned by a num- 
ber of breeders, made the following excellent prices • 
53 females sold for $21,520 ; an average of $406.04 
5 bulls sold for 3,155 ; an average of 63L00 

58 head sold for 24,675 ; an average of 425.43 



522 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



1 September 




ALFALFA— STOMACH-WORMS IN SHEEP. 

Editor SoutJiern Planter : 

We note what you say in relation to clipping alfalfa. 
We are large growers of alfalfa, my brother, Joseph 
E. Wing, being perhaps the first man to grow it on a 
large scale in the United States east of the Mississippi 
river. We clip it with the mower the first year, as 
you suggest, but never clip it high up, rather as close 
as the mower can be set, as that destroys more effect- 
ually the weeds and doe3 not harm the alfalfa. We 
find that it needs rich soil ; soil that has had a good 
deal of stable manure is best. We have some clay 
soil, limestone, not naturally very fertile but well 
manured, from which we have already this year cut 
two crops of at least three tons per acre, and it has 
now the third crop standing about ready to cat — a 
crop that will make over a ton — with the prospect of 
a fourth eutting in October. We have cut this season 
already near two hundred tons. Next year we expect 
to sow down forty acres more to this plant, the most 
profitable we have ever tried. 

I note also your article on stomach -worms in sheep. 
No doubt it is true that cure is difficult and costly, 
though we have in the past had good success with 
gasoline treatment, which my brother discovered ; but 
the only satisfactory treatment is prevention of infec 
tion, and ^hat is easy. In Virginia, lambs ought to 



be fat and gone to market before they could well be 
infected— pushed forward with grain and grass for 
June markets, or July at latest. The ewe lambs that 
are retained on the farm for breeders, should not be 
allowed to graze on the small grass plots that sheep 
graze over every year ; infection is certain if they do, 
stagnant water or not ; but should be kept in fields of 
oats, clover, alfalfa or new pastures. We find alfalfa 
pastures nearly a certain preventive of stomach- worms, 
and early yeaning of lambs makes them strong and 
resistant. Late dropped lambs are the most apt to 
succumb. Weaned lambs should be put in the corn- 
field, the clover field — anywhere where no old sheep 
huve run, for old sheep carry over the stomach worm 
germs and infect the grass and the lambs in that 
manner. 

I send you a photograph of some of our ewe lambs, 
Corsets, going to pasture ; the leading one was a very 
early lamb, and was shorn in spring. This bunch of 
lambs, without a grain of artificial feeding, weighed, 
August 4th, 120 lbs. They are now out of reach of 
parasites, on fresh alfalfa meadow. They do not need 
water on this succulent food. 

Woodland Farm, Ohio. Willis O. Wing. 



ROUGHNESS FOR WINTERING STEERS. 

Attention was directed in a recent article to the in- 
creased gains on two year old steers on full feed by 
using such roughness as clover and cow peas irstead 
of timothy, and reference was made to the great differ- 
ence of opinion in regard to the value of different 
kinds of roughness for full feeding. The man who 
winters cattle largely on roughness with a limited 
amount of grain, has long since learned that his steers 
will go to pasture in the spring weighing considerably 
more and in much more thrifty condition if the rough- 
ness be clover, cow pea or alfalfa hay instead of timo- 
thy, millet or sorghum. The results of work along 
this line at the Missouri Station for a number of years 
show a larger difference, however, in favor of the 
clover than is commonly supposed to exist, as will be 
shown in the following summary of the first trial — 
December, 1899, to April, 1900, one hundred and one 
days, four yearling steers in one lot, fed four pounds 
shelled corn daily and all the roughness they would 
eat : 
Timothy Lot — Pounds. 

Corn eaten 1,612 

Timothy hay eaten 6,753 

Total gain per lot 262 

Average daily gain per steer .65 

Cow-pea Lot — 

Corn eaten 1,612 

Cow pea hay eaten 7,757 

Total gain 622 

Average daily gain per steer 1.54 

Second trial — January to April, 1901 ; eighty days ; 
six pounds shelled corn each daily and all the rough- 
ness they would eat ; four steers in each lot : 



1802.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



523 



Timothy Lot — Pounds. 

Corn eaten 1,920 

Hay eaten 4,943 

Total gain per lot 318 

Average daily gain per steer 1 

Clover Lot — 

Corn eaten 1,920 

Hay eaten 5,719 

Total gain per lot 641 

Average daily gain per steer 2 

Millet Lot- 
Corn eaten 1,920 

Hay eaten 3,941 

Total gain per lot 119 

Average daily gain per steer .37 

Sorghum Lot — 

Corn eaten 1.920 

Hay eaten 4,727 

Total gain per lot 166 

Average daily gain per steer .52 

Third trial— December, 1901, to April, 1902; 120 
days ; six pounds of shelled corn dally and all the 
roughness they would eat ; four steers in each lot : 
Timothy Lot— Pounds. 

Corn eaten 2,880 

Hay eaten 8,152 

Total gain per lot 658 

Average daily gain per steer 1.37 

Clover Lot — 

Corn eaten 2,880 

Hay eaten ... 9,123 

Total gain per lot 929 

Average daily gain per steer 1. 92 

Alfalfa Lot — 

Corn eaten 2,880 

Hay eaten r 8,148 

Total gain per lot 780 

Average daily gain per steer 1. 63 

Sorghum Lot — 

Corn eaten 2,880 

Hay eaten 16,080 

Total gain per lot 617 

Average daily gain per steer 1. 28 

The superiority of hays such as clover, cow peas or 
alfalfa carrying a relatively large amount of protein 
over such hays as timothy, millet and sorghum, is 
strikingly shown in every trial, and agrees with the 
results referred to in a previous article, where the ex- 
periment was made with older cattle on full feed. In 
the first trial the gain produced by twenty nine bush 
els of corn and timothy hay was 262 pounds, while 
this amount of corn with cow- pea hay produced a gain 
of 622 pounds, or more than two and one -third times 
as much. In the second trial, thirty four bushels of 
com and timothy hay made 318 pounds of gain ; the 
same quantity of corn and all the clover they would 
eat produced 641 pounds, or a little more than twice 
as much. When this amount of corn was fed in con 
nection with millet, the gain was only 119 pounds, or 
little more than one sixth as mueh as with clover, 
while sorghum and corn showed a gain of 166 pounds, 
or a little more han one fourth as much as clover. 

In the third trial, the best gain is shown for timothy 
that we have ever been able to get, yet the gain for 



this lot was 658 pounds, while the same amount of 
corn and clover shows a gain of 928 pounds, or over 
40 per cent. more. In this trial, too, a better showing 
is made for sorghum than in the previous one, yet the 
gain for this lot was only 617 pounds as compared with 
928 for clover, or a difference of over 50 per cent, in 
favor of clover. lb will be noted also that it required 
but 9,123 pounds of clover to make the gain, while 
16,080 pounds of sorghum were eaten for 617 pounds 
of gain. As in the case of the older cattle on full 
feed, the clover and alfalfa steers carried more bloom, 
shed their winter coats earlier, and showed every evi- 
dence of superior thrift and vigor. 

Note the gains made by the steers on clover. In one 
trial, two pounds per day on considerably less than 
half feed, and in another trial 1.92 pounds, or practi- 
cally two pounds. In winter we are usually content 
with two pounds on th? average on full feed with 
older and larger cattle. Not only so, but the manure 
made by the clover is much richer and more valuable 
than that made from timothy or sorghum or millet. 
Thus, when we buy clover we add fertility to the farm 
rapidly, and when we grow clover, cow peas or alfalfa, 
we improve the soil even more rapidly, whereas when 
we grow timothy, sorghum or millet, the soil is im- 
poverished. 

In the light of these facts, it would seem that all 
farmer 8 and stockmen would endeavor to grow more 
clover and under no circumstances sell any such ma 
terial, and that if they have any hay to dispose of 
timothy should be sold, especially since it usually 
brings from one to two dollars per ton more on the 
market, does not carry off the farm so much fertility, 
and is not nearly so valuable to feed. Yet, cases 
where men sell their clover and keep their timothy 
for feed are not especially rare. In a subsequent arti- 
cle, the question of combining clover with corn fodder 
to bring its feeding value up will be considered. — 
H. J. Waters, in Breeders' Gazette. 



PREVENTING AND CURING TEXAS FEVER. 

I feel under such obligation to you and those who 
have written for your columns during the past three 
years that it seems proper to report my results for the 
benefit of some other beginner. I think I have demon- 
strated that it is possible to raise good stock here in 
the South and to conquer the tick. First, I lost about 
$1,000 worth of cattle by the tick before I knew what 
the trouble was. Last year I cured the few cases of tick 
fever that I had and this year not a tick has appeared 
on any stock. My method of clearing the farm of ticks 
has been this : The cattle were inspected almost daily 
during the entire season and no tick was allowed to 
mature and drop off. I prevented this by washing my 
cattle with a strong solution composed of water, kero- 
sene oil and sulphur. If this solution is applied thor- 
oughly it will kill the young ticks and the old ones as 
well. And if no ticks are allowed to mature and drop 
in the pastures the farm will soon be free of ticks. 

But the tick gets in his work and kills his cow before 
you know he is present. It is therefore necessary to 
cure the sick animal. The finest cow in my herd to- 
day had last summer as bad a case of fever as I ever 
saw. My treatment was this : First the usual liberal 
drench of salts; then follow this with liberal drenches 



524 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER. 



| September 



of sulphur. I have lost only one animal since I began 
this treatment — and have saved quite a number. So 
I believe it is a remedy, properly so called. 

How is a man whose farm is infested with ticks to 
start breeding good cattle! I proceeded this way : I 
bought an Aberdeen Angus bull one year old. I had 
a plot of grass — wire grass and clover in an old orchard, 
about one acre. I ran a wire about 100 feet long from 
one tree to another — then the ring at the end of the 
bull's chain was put on this wire. The bull could pass 
from tree to tree and graze about thirty feet on either 
side of the wire. As often as necessary the wire was 
moved. This gave the bull shade, exercise and his 
grass. The cows were brought to him. I have a fine 
bunch of twenty black calves, and now my bull is in 
the pasture and doing well. 

Thus it seems to me that I am now safe in going 
ahead and selling all my grade cattle and putting in 
their places pure bred cattle. And this is my next 
step. — H. H. Williams, Orange county, N. C, in 
Breeders' Gazette. 



SOriE RECENT RECORDS AND SALES OF 
GUERNSEY CATTLE. 

The following records of Guernsey cows have re 
cently been made in accord with the requirements for 
entry in The Advanced Register of Guernsey Cattle. 
These records were made under the supervision of an 
Agricultural Experiment Station or Public Institution. 
Three of the records are of cows that were members 
of the Guernsey herd in the Pan-American Model 
Dairy Breed Test. These are Mary Marshall, Cassio- 
peia and Vega, whose owners carried forward their 
year's record after return: 

Mary Marshall, 5604, owned formerly by Ezra 
Michener, of Cartersville, Pa., and now by A. C. Lor 
ing, of Minneapolis, Minn. Tear's record, 82L2.57 
lbs. milk; 468.40 lbs. butter fat. 

Cassiopeia, 4855, owned by James Logan Fisher, of 
Philadelphia, Pa. Year's record, 8528.23 lbs. milk; 
365 15 lbs. butter fat. 

Vega, 7214, owned by Messrs. M. M & E. J. Hoi 
lingsworth, Landenburg, Pa. Year's record, 7617.94 
lbs. milk ; 361.31 lbs. butter fat. 

Maggie Hastings, 10503, owned by Ezra Michener, 
Cartersville, Pa. Year's record, 6590.78 lbs. milk; 
313.57 lbs. butter fat. 

Queen Bee, 6168, owned by Ezra Michener, Carters 
tersville, Pa. Year's record, 6954 15 lbs. milk ; 364 
lbs. butter fat. 

Cottie, of Elm Place, 14167, owned by G. B. Tall 
man, Perry, N. Y. Year's record, 7710 5 lbs. milk; 
352 63 lbs. butter fat. This animal was but three 
years old. She calved in May, 1901. Her record 
commenced June 1, and she dropped another calf 
April 18 1902, being dry from March 24 until calving. 

Elite, of Maplehuret, 8452, owned by G. B. Tallman, 
Perry, N. Y. Year's record, 9197.35 lbs. milk; 472 06 
lbs. butter fat. 

Dairymaid, of Elm Place, 14197, owned by G. B. 
Tallman, Perry, N. Y. Year's record, 9045.8 lbs. 
milk; 473 37 lbs. butter fat. 

Belle Oceanic 10069, owned by G. B. Tallman, 
Perry, N. Y. Year's record, 9152 9 lbs. milk; 487.36 
lbs. butter fat. 



Portia, of Maplehurst, 10071, owned by G. B. Tail- 
man, Perry, N. Y. Year's record, 11622.65 lbs. milk; 
602.37 lbs. butter fat. 

Mr. Tallman has recently sold a number of animals 
to A. C. Loring, of Minneapolis. He writes of this 
sale: The price received for Portia is $1,000. Pride 
of Maplehurst, No. 10070 (whose year's record is near- 
ly completed and who will enter The Advanced Reg- 
ister), and her daughter, Katrida, of Elm Place, 14198, 
bring me $1,000. For Elite, of Maplehurst 2d, 15057, 
a four weeks calf from Elite, of Maplehurst, 8452, is 
paid $300. Mr. Loring secures 10 head of this Maple- 
hurst family of Mr. Sisson and myself — any one of 
them carrying about 75 per cent, of the same blood of 
all the others, and any one of them giving promise of 
making cows capable of 500 pounds or over of butter 
fat, and carrying perfect udders. Mr. Murphy select- 
ed them and has displayed much skill and good judg- 
ment. There are about thirty females in this family, 
and only one among the number but carries a perfect 
udder. I have secured the balance of the family, in- 
cluding a full brother to Portia Malcolm, of Maple 
hurst 5626. 

Wm. H. Caldwell, Secretary. 

Peterboro, N. H. 



COHBINATION SALE OF SHORTHORNS, POLLED 
ANGUS AND HEREFORDS IN VIRGINIA. 

In our advertising columns will be found notice of a 
combination sale of pure bred cattle, which has been 
arranged to be held at the Fair of the Southwest Vir- 
ginia Agricultural and Live Stock Association at Rad- 
ford, Va., on October 14tb. Amongst the noted breed- 
ers of the Southwest who have promised consignments 
are Major W. W. Bentley, Major Cowan, Mr. J. R. H. 
Bell, and Mr. Morgan. This will afford an opportun- 
ity for farmers to buy some of the choicest bred stock 
in the country, and should not be miesed. 



The export trade in horses has fallen away to almost 
nothing and yet prices paid on the open market are 
larger than they have ever been at this summer season 
of the year. It is obvious that the supply is very 
short and that the domestic demand is all sufficient to 
absorb all offerings. A few years ago horses were 
going beyond the seas at the rate of over 2 000 a 
month, and the summer dullness prevailed at the 
same time. This season the market is brisker than it 
has ever been and there is hardly a horse being ship- 
ped to foreign ports from any one of the great West- 
ern markets. It is plain, then, that the supply is so 
short that the domestic demand can take care of it in 
most excellent shape, and that for some time we reed 
not look for any great competition from the foreigners. 
The truth of the matter is that prices are now so high 
for all desirable horses in this market that exporters 
cannot pay them and make anything at the other end. 
The season promised to be a great one in the export 
trade of carriage horses, but the postponement of the 
coronation of King Edward left many British dealers 
with more horses on hand than they could handle, and 



1902.] 



THE 80UTHKKN PLANTER 



625 



then and there the British demand ceased. It was 
thought at that time that Borne fall in prices would 
follow the stoppage of all British orders in the Ameri 
can market, but it has turned out that the domesic 
demand has been far more than sufficient since then 
to take everything offered at rising values. Never in 
the middle of summer has the general market been so 
good. — Breeders' Gazette. 



SELECTING A RAfl. 



To the breeder who produces pure bred sheep for 
the trade, or the farmer whose only aim it is to make 
the small flock pay in mutton and wool, the selection 
of a ram to head the flock is of supreme importance. 
By observation of the laws which govern reproduction 
of the animal kingdom, we are persuaded that in 
breeding the ram represents half the flock, if not more. 
When he is an animal the product of skilful breeding, 
and is individually prepotent, his character will be 
stamped upon the progeny to a high degree. This 
being true, it becomes necessary that in his selection 
only those characteristics are found to predominate 
which it is desired to reproduce. His pedigree, too, 
should show that he is descended from stock the dis 
tinctive peculiarities of which it will be no mistake to 
have stamped upon the progeny. 

Thus it is that the successful breeder of sheep must 
have an ideal ; he should know exactly what he wants, 
and in his efforts to attain it minor points must be 
sacrificed. With this ideal in mind a breeder, in 
choosing a ram, must not forget the qualities of the 
ewes with which he is to be mated. If there are 
weaknesses in the flock that have become prominent, 
the animal selected as its head should be one which 
gives promise of correcting them. In this connection, 
breed, type, size, constitution and quality of bone, 
wool and flesh should receive the closest consideration. 
The type and size will depend upon the breed selected, 
but strong constitution will only be seen in large 
heart girth, full chest, muscular neck, prominent eye8, 
and bright pink colored skin. 

It is not unusual, especially at locil shows, to meet 
sheep which, although registered, still possess char 
acters better fitting their identification with some 
other breed. Such is simply a result of unintelligent 
mating, and goes to show that before success can be 
achieved a breeder must be a judge of the breed of 
his choice. 

With the farmer whose only object it is to produce 
mutton and wool, one of the commonest errors is in 
selecting young and untested rams to head the flock. 
This mistake is usually seen in an absence of increase 
when the breeding season arrives. The head of the 
flock should be known to be a stock getter, and that 
of the right kind. The difference between the price 
of a lamb and a well tried shearing ram will not be 
much, and the older the sire, up to a reasonable limit, 
the greater the vigor possessed by the young things 
when they arrive. If for any reason a suitable yearl 
ing or older ram cannot be secured and it is found 
necessary to depend upon a ram lamb, he should be a 
strong and vigorous one, in good condition, and should 
be sparingly used, not more than twenty to twenty- 
five ewes being bred to him in the season, while he 
should be fed regularly during the service season a 
little grain, such as oats, peas and bran, to keep up 
his strength. — Farmers' Advocate, Can. 




' -i * * _ 



DEKOL 2d BUTTER BOY 3d. 

The above picture is from a photograph of DeKol 
2d Butter Boy 3d, No. 2, 29299, H. P. H. B., now 
owned by Thos. Fassitt & Sons, Sylmar, Md., taken 
on the day he was 1 year old. 

He is sired by DeKol 2d Butter Boy 3d, a son of old 
Dekol2d. Official test at 11 years old, 26 lbs. 9.21 
oz. butter in 7 days, then the largest official test made. 
He is sired by Manar DeKol, a son of Netherland Hen- 
gerweld. At 8 years old she made an official record 
of 26 lbs. 10.66 oz. butter in 7 days. The dam of 
DeKol 2d Butter Boy 3d No. 2, Aaggie Lily's Pietertje 
Netherland, official record at 8 years 20 lbs. 3 oz. from 
3 teats, the other quarter being lost from being step- 
ped on. The average test of the milk for the week 
during the test was 4.2 per cent, and 60 lbs. of milk 
per day. 

This young animal was placed at the farm as one of 
the service bulls of the above herd at a very long 
price, and the Messrs. Fa3sitt are expecting great re- 
sults from his get. 



FEEDING HOQS INDOORS. 

In order to determine the value of indoor and out- 
side feeding, the Ontario agricultural college fed hogs 
of several breeds out of doors and in a hog lot. Both 
those outside and in were fed twice a day what grain 
meal they would eat readily. This meal consisted of 
two parts barley to one part middlings by weight. 
The inside hogs were fed all they would eat of green 
feed, tares and rape being cut and taken to them. The 
hogs on the outside were allowed to pasture on rape 
and tares. Results show that the hogs outside ate 
more meal and made slower gains than those fed in- 
side. 

When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



526 



THE SOUTHERN PLAN TEE. 



[September 



The Poultry Yard. 



THE BREEDING OF THE PEKIN DUCK. 

The Care and Marketing of Ducklings. 

(Continued.) 
Editor Southern Planter. 

Many failures in raising ducks (as well as other poul- 
try) are due to inexperienced persons launching into 
the business, conducting it in a haphazard go as-you- 
please sort of way. A great injury too is done by the 
publication of a lot of "rot" pertaining to the busi- 
ness by theorists and idle writers, and this causes a 
number of innocent persons to engage in it, and the re 
suit is failure and disappointment along the line, and 
these cases are really a detriment and injury to the 
legitimate poultry business. When it comes down to 
the practical and hard work side of the question these 
very same writers do not know whether they would be 
right in feeding their chicks cracked wheat or "China 
nest eggs." The Pekin duck thrives wonderfully well 
in the South, and would be found very profitable han- 
dled on a large scale. Punning water for them to 
bathe in is better for their thrift, as it is natural for a 
duck to dabble in water, although some large raisers 
do not have this facility and claim they do well. A 
duck can stand up to a trough of water and clean him 
self better than you can wash him in a bath tub. 

Duck eggs being clear are more readily tested than 
dark shelled eggs. The eggs begin to pip on the 25th 
day of incubation, and require from two to three days 
for the hatch to clear the shell and nicely dry off ; the 
youngsters are then ready to be transferred to the 
brooders, which should be for a few days kept at from 
90 to 92 degrees, as they do not require quite as much 
heat at first as newly hatched chicks. 

For the first few days we feed a mixture of corn meal, 
bran and middlings, equal parts, or sufficient middlings 
to hold the mess together. Add to this some coarse 
and sharp sand. Do not neglect the sand, as it is very 
essential. Place in their pens a box of sharp sand. 
Give them water, either in galvanized iron fountains 
or "V" shaped troughs made of 2x3 stuff, which in- 
crease in size as the birds grow. Tack a strip over this, 
allowing them to get their bill but no more into the 
water. 

Be careful not to feed an overplus of corn meal 
in the feed of ducklings the first ten days, as it is 
fatal. 

During cold weather always give them tepid water. 
After the fourth or fifth day put a little ground beef 
scrap in their feed. Only a little at first or it may 
cause diarrhoea. Increase the scrap as they grow. At 



the age of ten to twelve weeks, when they are ready 
to fatten, give them 10 to 12 per cent, beef scrap in 
their feed. 

Ducklings will stand crowding in their pens better 
than chicks, but thrive best when in small lots. Do 
not shut them up too close in their brooders at night 
because some theorist said so. Use some judgment, a 
little horse sense, proper feed, and your ducklings will 
grow surprisingly fast. 

Their great aim in life seems to be to eat, driDk and 
grow. If confined in yards in the hot spring and sum- 
mer months without shade ducklings often die from 
sunstroke. They fall on their backs, flounder around, 
and soon pass to the happy hunting grounds. 

Trestle benches, with 1 x 12 x 16 foot boards placed 
on them, make a good temporary shade. It is a good 
plan to keep a lantern burning in your breeding houses 
at night for ducks. The nervous disposition of the 
Pekin duck causes them to injure each other in crowd- 
ing and piling up, which they are sure to do at the 
slightest noise unless properly lighted. It is amusing 
to see the manoeuvres they go through on a dark night 
at any unusual noise when not sufficiently lighted. 

Ducklings are also timid creatures, easily scared to 
stampeding, and a crowd of visitors not exercising 
care when going among them will scare a days' growth 
off a thousand ducklings in less time than it takes 
to write it. 

Eegularity in feeding should be strictly adhered to 
at all times. If you carry no timepiece your ducks 
will apprise you of the time of day. 

A corn meal, beef scrap fed Pekin ducks at the age 
of ten to twelve weeks of age will satisfy the taste of 
the most fastidious. 

They can be forced to weigh from 10 to 12 pounds 
per pair at this age, and can be raised to marketable 
age for from 8 to 9 cents per pound, according to the 
price of grain, in different parts of the country, and 
the earliest ducklings in February and March bring 
from 30 to 40 cents per pound in New York. 

The popularity of this delicious meat has grown rap- 
idly during the # last few years. 

Ducklings should be fattened for market at 10 to 12 
weeks of age, or before the pin feathers begin to shoot. 
They should be killed when ready for market by stick- 
ing with a sharp knife through roof of the mouth, pen- 
etrating the brain ; well bled, and immediately scalded 
and picked. 

After picking clean off pin feathers, place in cool 
water for a few hours. Before packing they should be 
placed in tubs of ice water to plump and until all ani- 
mal heat is out. Then tag, weigh and pack in sugar 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



527 



barrels. Fill the barrel to within six inches of the 
top ; the space left fill with crushed ice. 

The feathers are quite an item in paying for the pick- 
ing and marketing. They bring from 40 to 45 cents 
per pound. 

Ducklings should be shipped with head and feet on, 
and should never be drawn, except for special custom 
erg. 

Rockingham Co., N. C. 



"Walter P. Laird. 



PRESERVATION OF EGOS. 

In a commercial way, cold storage is the cheapest 
method of preserving eggs, but for the housekeeper 
and small poultry man a storage house is impractica 
ble. Some other method of preserving a few dozen 
eggs is needed, so that when eggs are cheap and plenty 
in summer, they can be laid down and taken up and 
used during the winter, when fresh eggs are a luxury. 
This subject has received considerable attention from 
Experiment Stations and others interested, and the 
latest information is given by the Rhode Island report 
recently issued. 

Among the methods employed were the use of water- 
glass or silicate of soda, table salt, slaked lime and 
salt brine, vaseline, dried wood ashes, finely ground 
gypsum, powdered sulphur, brimstone fumes and sul 
phur, permanganate of potash, salicylic acid and salt 
brine. In each case fresh eggs were carefully gath- 
ered and placed in stone jars, which were kept in a 
closet where the temperature ranged from 62 to 67 de 
grees in summer. They were covered with the liquid 
preservative, where snch were used, or packed in dry 
material, as the case might be. Vaseline was rubbed 
over the shell with a cloth, while in the brimstone 
fumes and sulphur experiment, the eggs were subjected 
to the fumes of burnt brimstone an hour, and then 
packed in flowers of sulphur. 

The eggs were packed for a period of ten and a half 
months, when they were examined. Those preserved 
with waterglass or with the lime, water and salt brine, 
were all good for culinary purposes, but the rest were 
all spoiled. Further experiments with the waterglass 
were tried, and it was found that as little as 3 per cent, 
solution was effective. Either wooden, earthen or glass 
receptacles will do to hold the eggs, which should be 
washed clean, laid in carefully, and then covered with 
the solution of waterglass and water. After a time 
the waterglass forms a white precipitation upon the 
shell, which is readily washed off when the eggs are 
taken out for use. 

After being preserved in this for ten and a half 
months the whites of the eggs were clear, but not so 
limpid as those of fresh eggs. The yolks appeared 
normal in color and condition. The air cell was not 
enlarged. The taste was slightly fiat, or at least not 
perfectly fresh, but they were suitable for culinary use 
and probably as good as most crate eggs commonly 
found in market. 

In preparing the lime water and salt brine solution, 
one pound quicklime and one half pound table salt 
were thoroughly mixed with boiling water. After 
slaking and settling, the clear solution was drawn off 
and poured over the eggs. The eggs kept as well in 



this as in the waterglass, the whites beat up nicely, 
but had a slightly salt taste. This method of pre- 
serving eggs is somewhat cheaper than the waterglass, 
which, however, is not very expensive if a 5 per cent, 
solution is used. — American Agriculturist. 



SOME TIMELY HINTS. 



The sooner you dig out the old earth floors in your 
hen houses and fill in new, the better condition will 
the floors be in for winter. It is best to dig out six or 
eight inches of the old earth so as to remove all the 
taint and bad odor that may be in the ground. Re- 
move this to some spot of land that needs fertilizing, 
and bring in some fresh earth to fill in with. A clay 
soil which will pack closely is best. Pack it in as 
close and hard as possible. Use a heavy maul or 
tamper, so as to have a good solid floor. On top of 
this — when it has had time to dry a little — put six or 
eight inches of dry loam or sandy soil. This will 
make the very best kind of a winter floor for your 
hens, and the sooner it is fixed the drier it will be for 
winter. Don't forget to clean up the whole interior, 
including nest boxes and all, when fixing the floors, 
and do it thoroughly and weli. 

If the roof leaks, fix it at once. Don't let the wet 
and damp spoil the whole winter's prospects. Have 
all leaks and wind holes closed at once, so that the in- 
side of the house will have a good chanee to get thor- 
oughly dry while the weather is warm. Keep the win- 
dows and doors open for ventilation — just so the rain 
does not come in. Fix up the dropping boards and 
the roosts. Have new nest boxes if needed, and put 
the nests up off of the floor in an out of the way dark 
place, so that the hens will not be tempted to eat the 
eggs. Temptation often leads us into trouble. Just 
so with the hens. If the nests are located with the 
entrance to them a little way from and out of the line 
of vision, the "out of sight, out of mind" rule will 
help to keep them from learning to eat the eggs. 
While at it, paint the nests, roosts, dropping board, 
and all places where lice may be, with some good 
louse paint. 



Poultry keeping profitable. 

Professor A. G. Gilbert, of the Ottawa Experimental 
Farm, in answer to the question, "Why is poultry 
valuable to the farmer?" gives the following reasons: 

1. Because he ought by their means to convert a 
great deal of the waste of his farm into money in the 
shape of e^gs and chicks for market. 

2. Because, with intelligent management, they 
ought to be all year revenue producers, with the ex- 
ception of perhaps two months during the moulting 
season. 

3. Because poultry will yield him a quicker return 
for the capital invested than any of the other depart- 
ments of agriculture. 

4. Because the manure from the poultry honse will 
ma^e a valuable compost for use in either vegetable 
garden or orchard. The birds themselves, if allowed 
to run in plum or apple orchard, will destroy all inju- 
rious insect life. 

5. Because while cereals and fruits can only be suc- 
cessfully grown in certain sections, poultry can be 



528 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



raised for table use or layers of eggs in all parts of 
the country. 

6. Because poultry raising is an employment in 
which the farmer's wife and daughters can engage 
and leave him free to attend to other departments. 

7. Because it will bring him the best results in the 
shape of new-laid eggs during the winter season, when 
the farmer has most time on his hands. 

8. Because to start poultry raising on the farm re 
quires little or no capital. By good management, 
poultry can be made, with little cost, a valuable ad- 
junct to the farm. — Farmers' Advocate, Can. 



ONE CAUSE OF FAILURE IN POULTRY 
KEEPING. 

[Extract from a Lecture by John H. Robinson, of tbe Connec- 
ticut Agricultural College.] 

I could give numerous instances where people have 
deliberately gone contrary to the known teachings of 
experience, because that experience not being personal 
to themselves, they could not realize the danger and 
folly of rejecting its lessons. Had they learned the 
business first under a competent instructor they 
would not have been likely to go badly wrong, for the 
habit of doing a thing right often keeps one out of 
trouble, even if he does not understand the reasons 
for the method he uses — and has never seen a practi 
cal demonstration of the consequences of doing that 
particular thing in some wrong way. Some one has 
said, ''Success does not consist in never making mis- 
takes, but in never making the same mistake twice." 
I don't think that assertion will bear a very close 
analysis ; very few generalizations of the kind will ; 
but it certainly has a great deal of truth in it. 

As I look back over the years when I was learning 
poultry keeping— experience made largely of mis- 
takes — I recall that at the close of each season I used to 
note, in reviewing that season's work, that my marked 
progress had been principally along the one or two 
lines in which I had found most discouragement and 
loss in the previous season, and to which I had there- 
fore given most thought and attention. And in the 
next season work on those lines was comparatively 
easj , had perhaps advanced to the mechanical stage, 
and more time could be given to some other trouble- 
some maUer. 

This was progress, and there was a certain satisfac- 
tion in working things out for oneself, but it was a 
alow and laborious progress, and the cost was enor- 
mously greater than if I had learned the business in 
the right way. 

There is another way in which poultry keeping is 
hard for most people — and very hard for some — which 
few think of until they learn it by experience. 

The business is very cjnfining, and so in times be- 
comes monotonous. 

Then it becomes a question of whether the poultry 
keeper can take up some form of recreation that can 
be adapted to such leisure as he can secure, and fur- 
nish relaxation which will break the monotony of his 
work without interfering with it. If he cannot do 
this — and if he is of such a disposition that he cannot 
stand the monotony of the life, he is very apt to begin 
to cut his duty here and there to get time for favorite 



pleasures, and when he does this the finish of his ven- 
ture is only a question of time. 

The poultry keeper — like all who have the care of 
live stock — has to give the real needs of his stock pre- 
cedence over all ordinary claims upon his time and 
attention. The care of the stock will frequently re- 
quire long days of labor extended far into the night, 
loss of sleep, and denial of many pleasures. 

" Business first" must be his invariable rule, for 
there is no other line of work in which the penalties 
of slight infringements of that rule are more sure or 
more quickly felt. Whoever finds it too hard to fol- 
low that rule will fail in poultry keeping. 



Limber neck is a complaint common to chickens in 
the Middle and Southern States. It is caused by 
ptomaine poisoning from eating putrid flesh. The 
disease is a paralysis of the neck, and death is not 
caused by maggots gnawing through the craw, as is 
commonly supposed. Poultry keepers in England and 
France feed their birds on maggots, but where mag- 
gots are, the poison which causes this trouble is likely 
to be found. I have found turpentine a good remedy, 
but probably the most effectual is Venetian red, say 
half a teaspoonful to each bird daily. Mix this with 
dough and roll into strips one inch long. — W. B. 
Doak, Hamblen County, Tenn. 



Dampness causes much mortality among chicks 
which are hatched under hens. 

The temperature of the brooder should never be 
allowed to fall below 90 degrees. 

Good stock always finds a ready market, while poor 
stock is not in demand at any price. 

The hen may not be a "mortgage lifter," but given 
a chance she will scratch one badly. 

Never crowd too many fowls into one house or yard. 
Overcrowded flocks are always failures. 

Suitable buildings and proper attention are indis- 
pensable to success in the poultry business. 

Sunshine is a chicken grower ; give the early chicks 
the benefit of this and face the coops south. 

Young chicks should have some kind of green food, 
and a little ground bone will be good for them. 

It is a pretty well established fact that hens will lay 
more eggs with no rooster about to bother them. 

In selecting a breed for practical purposes, the 
plumage should be a matter of secondary consid- 
eration. 

Don't defer the afternoon mash too late. Remem- 
ber the days are short, and the hens go to roost early. 

Young ducks do not need a swimming place, but 
the water fonnt should be deep enough so that they 
can immerse their bills above their nostrils. 

When setting the hens, or starting the incubators, 
have all the eggs as near the same age as possible; you 
will get a more uniform hatch. 

Among mixed breeds we occasionally find as good a 
layer as we do of any -stock, but the majority are 
usually inferior layers. 



■■ 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLAOTEB. 



529 



The Horse. 



ONLINE, 2:04, DEAD. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

After thirty six hoars of sickness, and constantly at 
tecded by two of the best veterinary surgeons of our 
city, we lost our famous pacing stallion and sire, Oa- 
line, 2:04, on August 16th. Post mortem examination 
proved that he died of volvulus of the smaller intes 
tine. This, of course, is sure death, and there was not 
a possible chance to save him. About 20 feet of the 
intestine was twisted, which is very unusual. We 
have buried him on our International Stock Food 
Earm, and he rests on the bank of the beautiful Min- 
nesota river, where a stone will be erected in honor of 
his greatness. 

He is not only a great loss to our farm, but the entire 
horse world regret his early death, as he was proving 
to be a phenomenal sire of fast pacers. Minnesota and 
the entire Northwest highly appreciated this remark 
able World's Champion pacing stallion. He had held 
the four-year-old stallion pacing record for eight years, 
and although a young horse he had 17 in the 2:25 list 
and many more ready to enter. 

International Stock Food Co. 

Minneapolis, Minn. 



NOTES. 



In charge of the veteran trainer and driver, C. A. 
Pusey, at the mile track of the Deep Eun Hunt Club, 
about a dozen trotters and pacers are quartered, most 
of whom are owned by members of the Club. Those 
with records are the big bay gelding Bustler, 2:15}, bv 
Hustler Bussell, who trotted to his record in 1902, and 
is being shaped up for the races again, and the bay pac 
ing mare Steed, 2:22}, by Marvellous, whose owner, 
Mr. Langhorne Patney, has been driving on the road. 
She can show a mile under 2:15, and reel of quarters 
at a 2:10 clip handily. Thiol, the bay mare, by Eg 
wood, 2:18*, dam by Woodburn Hambletonian, is 
owned by John K. Branch, of the banking house of 
Thomas Branch & Co., by whom she was bred. If this 
erratic daughter of Egwood ever becomes steady she 
should make a great matinee performer for Mr. Branch, 
as he can drive with the still of a professional, and 
Thiol has a wonderful turn of speed. Ephraim is a 
bay gelding, 4, by Toodles, Jr., dam by Willis, and 
■could trot better than 2:30 as a two year old. Whar 
ton is also a bay gelding, but a year younger than 
Ephraim, and by Gregorian, out of Gretna Green, dam 
of J. S., 2:24}, by Aberdeen. The chestnut stallion 
Estuary is a full brother to Marique, 2:14}, and a horse 
of the richest breeding, being by Expedition, 2:15f, 
out of the great brood mare Wavelet, by Belmont, sec- 
ond dam far famed Waterwitch. He is five years old, 
and has worked miles around 2:20 and halves and 
quarters at a much faster clip this season. Pusey likes 
him well. Snrprise is a nice looking bay gelding, 



whose breeding has not yet been given Pusey, but th© 
horse is very fast, and when right 2:15 will not stop 
him. Leveret, the bay gelding, by A. L. Kempland, 
out of Laurel E, dam of Laurels, 2:13}, has gotten big 
and strong, while steady in company and able to show 
a half in 1:07 without much effort. He is owned by 
Mr. W. H. Miles, and later on may be taken to the 
races along with Bustler and Lizzie S. The latter is 
a nice looking bay mare with good ma oners and a level 
head. Mr. Thomas Atkinson owns her. She is en- 
tered at several oi the Baltimore meetings and seems 
good enough to win start. 



The annual show of the Bockingham Horse and Colt 
Show Association took place at Harrisonburg, Va., on 
the 13th and 14th instants and was a decided success, 
the attendance being larger and the exhibits of a 
higher character than during previous years. Held 
at Lake Park, the new and beautiful grounds of the 
Association, which are right near town, and in the 
midst of an attractive and prosperous farming locality, 
the show attracted thousands each day, especially on 
the second one, when the grand stand was packed and 
the crowd in general larger than was ever seen even 
at the old fashioned fairs that in their day were all 
the rage. Perfect weather conditions prevailed and 
no two men on the grounds were in higher feather 
over the condition of affairs than President J. S. 
Harnsberger and Dr. John A. Myers, who combines 
the duties of secretary and treasurer. E. W. Twad 
dell, of Philadelphia; J. B. Andrews, W. W. Sanford 
and W. J. Carter judged the show horses, and likewise 
rendered decisions, when a couple of running and har- 
ness races were run off during each afternoon. The 
latter was a popular feature and well received by the 
masses. That the Horse Show is an educator was 
clearly demonstrated by the fact that breeders of the 
Valley of Virginia are fast becoming alive to present 
day demands for high- bred horses, and many of the 
specimens of youngsters exhibited may be looked upon 
as grand prospects for future honors on the turf and 
in the show ring. During former years mostly cattle 
and draft horses were bred in this section, but now 
trotters, thoroughbreds, hackneys, hunters, jumpers 
and gaited saddle horses come in for a large share of 
attention, and in the near future their production for 
the big markets promises to become a most important 
feature of the far famed Shenandoah Valley. 



An ailing leg has at least caused retirement during 
the present season of Gold Bur, the son of Bursar, 2:17, 
that was bred by W. C. West, Onancock, Va. The 
handsome chestnut gelding has been a consistent per- 
former right along since his first race in June, and at 
Albany on July 31st got second money in the Keeler 
Hotel Stakes and a new record of 2: 13 h, a reduction 
of 3} seconds from his former mark. At Poughkeep 
sie, on the 7th instant, Gold Bur won a couple of heats 
in the 2:17 class, trotting, and then his leg caused 
trouble and the chestnut gelding caught the flag. Gold 
Bur is one of the best looking trotters ever sent out 
from Virginia, and well bred too, as his sire, the dead 
Bursar, has gotten speed, and the dam, Bertie, pro- 



530 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September 



duced Lamp Girl, 2:09, the fastest of Virginia bred 
trotters. 



The McComb Brothers — James and John — of the 
Glencove Farm, a fine estate of over 400 acres, near 
Somerset, Orange county, Va., report a good season in 
the way of sales made of hunters, jumpers and gaited 
saddle horses. Lady Golden, the chestnut mare, by 
Golden Denmark, went to New York; Lady May, the 
brown mare, by Fessler, was purchased by a gentle 
man in Brooklyn, while the two heavy weights, Sky- 
rocket, a bay gelding, 16:1, 1100 pounds, and Frank- 
lin, a black gelding, 16, 1150 pounds, also went North 
and have given great satisfaction to their new owners. 
The stallions in use at Glencove are Golden Denmark, 
the saddle bred stallion, who is highly prized, and 
Abdel Kader, Jr., by Abdel Kader, the thoroughbred 
son of Imp. Australian, that for years ruled as pre 
mier sire at famous Bullfield Farm, in Hanover 
county. Abdel Kader, Jr., is not strictly thorough 
bred, but is a horse of exquisite quality and finish, 
and his get make fine hunters and steeple chase horses. 
The finest three year old at the farm, and one good 
enough to show in any company is Lightfoot, the black 
gelding that has won either first or second prizes all 
along the line of Virginia horse shows this season. 
Lightfoot was sired by Fessler, dam by Castleman, son 
of Woodford Mambrino. 



Among the trotters owned byF. 0. Smith, of Staun- 
ton, Va., are the roan mare Marion Shaw, full sister 
to Annie S. Lawson, 2:20, by Prince Orloff, son of 
Messenger Duroc, and Walton Wonder, the chestnut 
colt, foaled November 17, 1901, by Bed Leo, 2:26 i, 
out of Perrette, 2:23i, by Juror, 2:24i. Walton Won- 
der was bred at Walton farm, Falls Mills, Va., where 
his sire heads the stud, and the damPerrette is a mem- 
ber of the brood mare band. 



Mr. J. S. Curtis, of the Mayfield Stud, Leeaburg, 
Va., has five entries in the English Derby of 1903. 
Mr. Cartis, who is widely known as the "South 
African Millionaire," maintains a racing stable in 
England. The Mayfield Stud at one time assumed 
large proportions, but in 1901 the greater portion of 
the brood mares were disposed of along with several 
of the stallions, and the sires now in use are imported 
Mincemeat, son of St. Augustine and Cutlet, by Nun- 
cham, and imported Benvenute, by Galopin, out of 
Queen of Diamonds, by King of Trumps. 



Bichmond is the Mecca to which the cohorts will 
look during the week of October 14th to 18th, which 
are the dates of our Horse Show, and it promises to 
be a grand affair. The new auditorium at Reservoir 
Park will surpass any building of the kind in the 
South, while facilities for handling large crowds are 
excellent, as three car street lines centre there. Already 
every box seat has been engaged and applications are 
being daily received for season tickets. The entry 
list promises to be large and of a select character, 
which encourages the management to look forward to 
a most successful result. 



One of the most highly-prized brood mares in the 
noted Ellerslie Stud of B. J. Hancock & Son, Char 
lottesville, Va.. is Mermaid, the chestnut daughter of 
imported St. Blaise and Palmetto, by Virgil. By 
Eolus she produced Merry Day, the chestnut horse 
with lightning speed and many victories to his credit, 
now a member of the Annita Stud of A. D. Payne, 
Charlottesville, while by Eon, son of Eolus, she threw 
Eonie, winner of the rich Burns Handicap in Calia- 
fornia this season. Minetauer, bay colt, 2, full 
brother to Eonic, won at Brighton Beach recently. 
Mermaid's foal of 1902 is chestnut filly, full sister to 
Eonic. 



The brown mare Princess of Bidgefield, by Prince 
Belmont, dam Ida Wise, by Bijardo, second dam by 
Walker Morrill, the sire of Lamp Girl, 2:09, was sent 
by her owner, Dr. J. C. Walton, Beidsville, N. C, to 
the court of Lynne Bel, 2:10£, this season, at Flem 
ington, N. J. By that great young sire of speed, 
Princess of Bidgefield, who is a large, handsome mare, 
should throw a choice foal. Lynne Bel figures as the 
sire of this season's winner, General Johnson, Meadow 
Bel and other good ones. 



In the brown filly Brilliant, one year old, by Arnon, 
thoroughbred son of imported Charaxus and Way- 
ward, by Eolns, Mrs. Allen Potts has a youngster of 
rare form and finish. The exquisite quality of this 
filly has been a subject of remark, and wherever ex 
hibited she has carried off the blue ribbon. Brilliant 
was bred at Castle Hall, Cobham, Va., where her sire 
and dam are owned, the latter being by a Bevenue 
horse from an imported hackney mare. 

W. W. Sanford, of the Woodley farm, Madison 
Bun, Orange county, Va., has lost by death, due to a 
broken ankle which necessitated his being destroyed, 
the grand looking thorughbred stallion Lachland, 
brown horse, by Spendthrift, out of imported Landri- 
nio, dam of Mexican, by The Arrow. This horse was 
purchased early in the season from J. W. Colt, Gen- 
esee, N. Y., and placed in the stud with a view of 
siring hunters, jumpers and steeplechase horses, for 
which his fine size and conformation seemingly made 
him well fitted. 



At the Charlottesville Horse Show the first prize in 
the class for harness stallions went to the chestnut 
horse Aebineer, 30,992, bred and owned by Mr. Wil- 
liam N. Wilmer, of the Plain Dealing Stud, Keene, 
Albemarle county, Va. Aebineer was sired by Vir- 
ginia Chief, son of Kentucky Prince, out of Aebina^ 
by Alban, second dam Violet, dam of Version, 2:19£, 
and Bonnie E., 2:291, by Electioneer, 125. 

In the bay horse Iron Crown, thorougbred son of 
Onondaga and Empress, by imported Emperor, A. S. 
Craven, of the Greenwood Stud, Greenwood, Va., has 
a stallion that promises to make an excellent sire of 
hunters, jumpers and steeplechase horses. Iron 
Crown stands 16:1 and weighs 1,100 pounds. 

Beoadbock. 



When corresponding with advertisers, say that yon 
saw the advertisement in the Southern Planter. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



531 



niscellaneous. 



CEflENT FLOORS FOR STABLES AND BARNS. 

In our notes on Work for the Month, we have sug- 
gested that this is a very proper time to see to the re- 
pairs and renovation of the barns and stables. In 
connection with this work there is one improvement 
which we should like to see much more frequently 
than we do — viz. : the introduction of cement floors 
into stables and barns. The use of these floors en 
ables all the liquid manure to be saved, and this is the 
most valuable part of the voidings of the stock, and 
they also result in the making of much more manure 
and that of a much more valuable character. An- 
other argument in their favor is that they are of per 
manent value. Once put down they practically last 
forever. The work of laying such a floor can easily 
be done by any man of intelligence almost as well as 
by an expert, and this materially reduces the cost. 
The cement required is the only item of cost on most 
farms, and this is not anything like so costly as many 
imagine. Here in Richmond the price of Portland 
cement is $2.10 per barrel. A barrel of cement will 
make the concrete and give the-finishing coat to one 
hundred square feet of floor in a cow house or hog pen. 
This allows for three inches of concrete and a half 
inch of finished surface. In a horse stable or where 
heavy traffic is to be hauled over it, the concrete 
should be five inches deep and the surfacing one inch. 
This would call for nearly two barrels of cement to 
the one hundred feet. The process of preparing for 
the floor and mixing and laying the cement is simple. 
Level the floor space by taking out sufficient soil to 
allow for filling in four to six inches of gravel or 
broken stone, and on top of this the three to five 
inches of concrete. This will bring your floor to its 
present level. In laying out the floor, if you desire 
the drainage to run towards any particular point for 
convenience of removal by drain or otherwise, see that 
you provide the necessary fall to this point. When 
the place is ready for the foundation, fill this in and 
tamp solid and level. Then take broken or crushed 
stone, no piece larger than an inch in diameter, use 
eight parts of this crushed stone and four parts of fine 
clean gravel from which you have screened the sand 
for mixing your finishing coat or topping, using a 
screen with quarter-inch meshes, and one part of 
cement. The mixing must be thorough. Build up a 
conical heap containing anywhere from twenty- five to 
fifty cubic feet, measuring the gravel, sand and cement 
and-pouring them on alternately ; then shovel it over 
four times, mixing it thoroughly, or perhaps a better 
way is for one man to use a shovel and another a fine- 
toothed rake, and as each shovelful is thrown on the 



heap pass the rake back and forth on it. This mixing 
should be done dry. When thoroughly mixed shovel 
it over another time, having some one with a water- 
ing pot sprinkle as you do so. It should not be wet 
enough to drip, but should be thoroughly dampened 
so that the cement will adhere to every pebble or bit 
of stone in it. When thoroughly mixed and mois- 
tened throughout, lay the concrete on the foundation 
to the depth required and tamp solid and level. Then 
after this has dried a few hours, mix the finishing coat 
made of the fine sand sifted out of the stone, and 
cement in the proportions of nearly half and half to 
the consistency of mortar and spread over the con- 
crete, leveling it with a straight edge. If desired, this 
surfacing may be ridged or roughened by marking it 
off in square or in parallel lines. This prevents 
stock slipping on the floor. In forty eight hours the 
floor will be hard enough to use, but will be better to 
wait longer. 



AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF VIRGINIA AND 
NORTH CAROLINA. 

We are just in receipt of the census office reports 
on the agricultural situation in Virginia and North 
Carolina as prepared for the 12th census of the United 
States. From these reports we take the following in- 
formation : 

Virginia. 

The farms of Virginia, June 1, 1900, numbered 
167,886, and were valued at $271,578,200. Of this 
amount $70,963,120, or 26.1 per cent., represents the 
value of buildings, and $200,615,080, or 73.9 percent., 
the value of land and improvements other than build- 
ings. On the same date the value of farm implements 
and machinery was $9,911,040, and of live stock, 
$42,026,737. These values, added to that of farms, 
give $323,515,977, the "total value of farm prop- 
erty." 

The products derived from domestic animals, poul- 
try, and bees, including animals sold and animals 
slaughtered on farms, are referred to in this bulletin 
as "animal products." The total value of all such 
products, together with the value of all crops, is 
termed "total value of farm products." This value 
for 1899 was $86,548,545, of which amount $27,846,- 
803, or 32.2 per cent., represents the value of animal 
products, and $58,701,742, or 67.8 per cent., the value 
of crops, including forest products cut or produced on 
farms. The "total value of farm products" for 1899 
exceeds that for 1889 by $44,304,087, or 104.9 per 
cent. 

The "gross farm income" is obtained by deducting 
from the total value of farm products the value of the 
products fed to live stock on the farms of the produ- 
cers. In 1899 the reported value of products fed was 
$13,002,810, leaving $73,545,735 as the gross farm in- 



532 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



come for that year. The ratio which this amount 
bears to the "total value of farm property" is refer- 
red to in this bulletin as the "percentage of gross in 
come upon investment." For Virginia, in 1899, it 
was 22.7 per cent. 

As no reports of expenditures for taxes, interest, 
insurance, feed for stock, and similar items have been 
obtained by any census, no statement of net farm in- 
come can be given. 

North Caronijsa. 

The farms of North Carolina, June 1, 1900, num 
bered 224,637, and had a value of $194,655,920. Of 
this amount $52,700,080, or 27.1 per cent., represents 
the value of buildings, and $141,955,840, or 72.9 per 
cent., the value of land and improvements other than 
buildings. On the same date the value of farm imple 
ments and machinery was $9,072,600, and that of live 
stock, $30,106,173. These values, added to that of 
farms, give $233,834,693, the "the total value of farm 
property." 

The products derived from domestic animals, poul- 
try and bees, including animals sold and animals 
slaughtered on the farms, are referred to in this bul- 
letin as "animal products." The total value of all 
such products, together with the value of all crops, is 
termed "total value of farm products. This value for 
1899 was $89,309,638, of which amount $20,684,727, 
or 23.2 per cent., represents the value of animal pro- 
ducts, and $68,624,911, or 76.8 per cent., the value of 
crops, including forest products cut or produced on 
farms. The "total value of farm products" for 1899 
exceeds that reported for 1889 by $39,239,108, or 78.4 
per cent. 

The value of "net farm products," or the "gross 
farm income," is obtained by deducting from the total 
value of farm products the value of the products fed 
to live stock on the farms of the producers. In 1899, 
the reported value of products fed was $10,108,890, 
leaving $79,200,748 as the gross farm income for that 
year. The ratio which this latter amount bears to the 
"total value of farm property" is referred to as the 
"percentage of gross income upon investment." For 
North Carolina in 1899, it was 33 9 per cent. 

As no reports of expenditures for taxes, interest, 
insurance, feed for stock, and similar items have been 
obtained by any census, no statement of net farm in- 
come can be given. 

From these reports it will be seen that the gross re 
turn on investments made in farm property in Vir 
ginia amounts to 22 per cent., and in North Carolina 
to 33 per cent. These return3 compare very favor- 
ably with the gross returns made on investments in 
like property in Northern and Western States. In 
New York, the gross return is 17 per cent. ; in Penn- 
sylvania, 14 per cent. ; in Illinois, 13 per cent. ; in Indi- 
ana, 15 per cent. The total area of Virginia farms is 19, - 
907,805 acres, of which 10,094,805 are improved. The 
total area of North Carolina farms is 22,749,356 acres, 
of which only 8,327,106 are improved. The total 
amount paid for labor on Virginia farms in 1899 was 
$7,790,720, and on North Carolina farms, $5,185,167. 
The amount paid for fertilizers in Virginia in 1899, 
was $3,681,790, and in North Carolina, $4,479,030. 



VIRGINIA AS A HOME FOR THE FARMER. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

i |I am a new resident of the State, coming from Ohio. 
Whilst in Ohio recently on a visit, I was asked by 
many why I ever came to Virginia. I could only say 
that I thought there were good opportunities in Vir- 
ginia for a man with small means. 

Since my return home I have received a copy of the 
Year-Book of the Department of Agriculture, and I 
find upon a little investigation that Virginia is second 
to no State in value of product raised per acre. Iowa 
the Year-Book shows was the banner State for hay 
in 1900, producing 5,006,470 tons. The average value 
of the hay produced was for ten years $7.15 per acre. 
Virginia, in 1900, produced 507,873 tons, with an aver- 
age value for ten years of $12. 00 per acre. 

Iowa was also the banner corn State in 1900, pro- 
ducing 350,859,948 bushels, with an average value for 
ten years of $5.87 of corn per acre. Virginia in 1900 
produced 28,183,760 bushels, with an average value 
per acre for ten years of $7.93. 

Illinois was the banner oats State for 1900, with a 
crop of 133,642,884 bushels, with an average value per 
acre for ten years of $7.39. Virginia produced in 1900 
5,167,568 bushels, with an average value of $4.76 per 
acre for ten years. 

Kansas was the banner wheat State in 1900, with a 
crop of 82,488,655 bushels, with an average value per 
acre for ten years of $7. 26. Virginia produced 9, 421, • 
932 bushels in the same year, with an average value 
per acre for ten years of $7.68. 

New York was the banner potato State in 1900, car- 
rying off the position with a crop of 27,481,356 bush- 
els of the tubers, with an average value for ten years 
of $34. 81 per acre. Virginia produced the same year 
2,223,778 bushels, with an average value per acre for 
ten years of $36.26. 

New Yoik was the banner buckwheat State in the 
year 1900, producing 3,280,158 bushels, with an aver- 
age value for ten years of $8.26 per acre. Virginia in 
1990 produced only 58,812 bushels, with an average 
value for ten years of $7.18 per acre. 

The land upon which the Iowa farmer raised his 
hay and corn is to-day worth from $40 to $60 per acre. 
Land that will produce an average crop of hay and 
corn in Virginia can be bought for from $5 to $15 per 
acre, and yet an acre of hay in Virginia for the past 
ten years has been worth $4.88 more in Virginia than 
in Iowa. 

The Iowa farmer gets from his $40 to $60 land 
but $5.87 worth of corn per acre, on a ten years' aver- 
age, with the best of culture. Virginia, with the poor- 
est system of culture in the world for corn, raises $2.06 
worth of corn more to the acre than Iowa on a ten 
years' average. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



533 



In the State of Illinois an acre of land that will pro 
duce an average crop will cost from $50 to $60, and 
yet the Illinois farmer on a ten years' average can only 
produce $2.63, more oats to an acre than Virginia. 
If one half of the Virginia farmers would only work a 
tobacco stubble, and scatter on it about three pecks of 
oats to the acre, and cover with a brush, as is quite 
frequently done in Virginia, they would produce more 
oats than the Illinois farmer. 

Kansas, with her broad acres of grain, her sulky 
plows, self binders, and land worth $30 to $50 per 
acre, juet falls short 48 cents per acre of producing as 
much wheat to the acre as Old Virginia. 

New York, where land sells at any and all prices, 
but where land that will produce an average crop of 
anything is worth from $40 to $100 or more per acre, 
juat falls short of producing as much value in potatoes 
to the acre as Virginia by $1.39 on ten years' average. 
She beats us on buckwheat $1.08 per acre for a ten 
years' average, but look at the difference in the value 
of the land. Did Virginia farmers but work and ma 
nure her land as the farmers of Iowa do their corn 
land or make her hay as they do in Iowa, or the farm- 
ers of Illinois or the farmers of Kansas their wheat, or 
the farmers of New York their potatoes, she would 
stand at the head of all these States in production and 
value. 

Charlotte Co. , Va. J. H. Hakpsted. 



THE LABOR SITUATION IN QERJ1ANY. 

Editor SovtJiem Planter : 

Accounts of the prevailing condition of the working 
classes in Germany that I have seen in recent Amer 
ican newspapers are, as far as my observation goes, 
considerably exaggerated. They seem to have been 
taken mostly from German party organs that are 
either misinformed or that misrepresent the situation 
to further political objects. During the past winter 
many workmen were, it is true, out of employment as 
a result of a commercial crisis, and there was conse 
sequently a good deal of suffering, which public appro 
priations and private charity only partially relieved, 
but with the opening of spring there was a marked 
change for the better. The reports of the labor bureaus 
and of the state sick, accident and old age insurance 
department, which are entirely trustworthy, indicate 
that there is now work at what are here called fair 
wages for all who seek it. Sixty thousand Italians 
who have come into this country in the past few 
months are all busy on the railroads and in the build- 
ing trades, and in many agricultural districts there is 
the usual very perceptible want of farm hands. In 
Central and Southern Germany,. where the small farms 



are tilled in a patriarchial way by the owners and 
their families, this want is scarcely felt ; but with the 
large landowners of the North it is of such a serious 
character that it has to be supplied by the importation 
of laborers, chiefly from Russia and the Austrian Em- 
pire. Ev^ery year, in March, thousands of men, 
women and half grown children are brought in and 
located on the big estates, mostly in the northeast 
provinces of Prussia, where they are allowed to remain 
until November, but must then leave German terri- 
tory as the government refuses them the right of 
domicil. The intelligence Office, in connection with 
the Board of Agriculture of the Province of Rosen, 
announces that it can furnish "foreign summer help' r 
at the following rates : 

Bussians. — Men, daily wages, M*. 1.50 ; women and 
boys, M. 1.00. Men, in harvest, wages, M. 1.75 ; 
women and boys, in harvest, M. 1.25 ; with 25 lbs. of 
potatoes per person per week and one-half literf of 
skimmed milk daily ; cost of transportation per per- 
son to the Prussian border, M. 2.00 ; in groups of 
more than 10, M. 1.50. 

Gallicians. — Men, monthly wages up to, M. 20 j 
strong boys, monthly wages up to, M. 18 ; weak boys 
and women, monthly wages up to, M. 16 ; with farm 
produce to the value of 40 pf. per person per day ; 
cost of transportation per person to the Prussian 
border, M. 5. 

Hungarians — with guarantee against breach of con- 
tract, in groups of not under 20 persons : Men, dally 
wages, 85 pf. ; women, 68 pf. ; men, in harvest, wages, 
M. 1.36 ; women, M. 1.02 ; with farm produce to the 
value of 40 pf. per person daily ; cost of transporta- 
tion to the Prussian border per person, M. 7. 

The lodgings provided for them are for the most 
part far from being comfortable, but they are better 
than the poor creatures are used to at home. 

The young men from the rural districts in Germany, 
after serving their two or three years in the army, do 
not generally return to farm work, but go to the cities 
and industrial centres, where they are much better 
paid, housed and fed. They seem, too, to dread the 
monotony and dreariness of country life. On the 
whole, though, the standard of living among farm la- 
borers in Germany is, I think, gradually rising. 

Sam'l Rolfe Millar. 

Singen- Baden, Germany. 



* 1 Mark of 100 pfennig: 
and i gill. 



=24 cents (about) 1 1 Literal quart 



Farmers can often save next year's repair bills by 
housing all machinery and implements when this sea- 
son's work is over. Don't forget to use the oil can 
first though. 



534 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTEB. 



[September 



ALFALFA. 

In introducing this crop in our agriculture there are 
a few things that ought to be considered by the farm 
ers. In the first place alfalfa is a crop which when 
seeded must remain for several years at least before 
plowing up for corn or other crops. It takes almost 
two and sometimes three years to get a stand. After 
once securing a stand, with no unfavorable conditions 
of soil and climate, the value of the crop will increase 
from year to year. As the roots increase in length 
and size the crown develops more buds, until a single 
root will support a large number of stems. One plant 
hanging in my office was pulled out of a three year old 
field and has fifteen stems. Further than this we have 
found it very difficult to plow up an alfalfa field, the 
roots dulling the plow so that it was necessary to 
sharpen the share frequently. All things considered, 
then, the farmer should carefully locate the alfalfa field 
where it can remain permanently or for many jears at 
any rate. It does not seem to fit in with our crop ro- 
tation, where a short round of corn with a leguminous 
crop is desirable. 

Alfalfa is a leguminous crop and it is believed that 
its growth adds to the fertility of the soil, besides put- 
ting it in good mechanical condition. The root tuber- 
cles take the free nitrogen from the atmosphere adding 
this valuable element of plant food to the soil where 
other erops may use it. The roots penetrating the sub- 
soil break up the hard clay soils, allowing the air to 
circulate, making the insoluble plant food in the sub- 
surface and subsoil available for grain crops. At the 
same time the growth of the plants is very rapid, 
making it necessary to cut three and even four times 
in a single season. On several Illinois alfalfa fields over 
three years old four crops were harvested last year. 
The crop should be cut when about one tenth of the 
plants are in bloom. Professor H. M. Oottrell, of 
Kansas, who has gone more deeply into this sub 
ject than any other experimenter, says that by al- 
lowing the crop to ripen the plants will die and the 
stand be injured so much that the field will rap- 
idly become unprofitable. He states that in fields 
which have become patchy the disc run over 
the field in the early spring, the discs set straight 
so as not to plow up the ground, but so as to split 
open the alfalfa crowns, will increase the number of 
plants, and consequently revive an otherwise dying 
erop. In a recent visit to an alfalfa field within two 
miles of the Illinois Experiment Station Prof. Oottrell 
stated that cutting early was the most important point 
connected with the successful growing of the crop. 

It is thought that sandy soils with gravelly subsoils 
in which the water level does not come nearer than 
eight or ten feet of the surface is best adapted to this 
crop. The facts are that no general rule, no definite 
directions can be given whereby the farmer can tell 
whether alfalfa will be successful' on his farm or not. 
The only way to find out is to try it. In experiment- 
ing it is a good plan to try it on a small scale, perhaps 
a field of an acre or fire acres. If the crop proves 
to be a success it can be easily extended ; if a failure 
there will be a correspondingly small loss. It is only 
fair to sow the crop on good soil. The' seed resembles 
that of clover very much and is very small, conse- 
quently the young plants are delicate and easily 
killed. Therefore, in order to get the small plants 



established it is necessary to have a rich surface soil 
properly prepared. — A. D. Shamel, III. ExpH Station, 
in Breeders' Gazette. 



AIR-CURINO TOBACCO. 

If you have any information as to curing tobacco 
without smoke we would be glad if you let it appear, 
if you can, in your next issue. The time for curing is 
rapidly approaching, and I am satisfied that there is a 
good percentage of our tobacco more valuable with- 
out smoke than with it. 

Prince Edward Go.,Va. C. S. 

Tobacco curing without artificial heat, either from 
open fires or flues, requires well ventilated barns with 
doors or openings through which the flow of air can 
be regulated. The tobacco after being cut is usually 
hung on scaffolds in the field to wilt and color for a 
few days. It is then taken to the barns and hung up 
four or five plants on a stick, sufficiently apart to ad- 
mit of the circulation of the air through the whole of 
the plants. In this way it gradually cures until fit to 
take down and bulk. The secret of success in this 
method of curing is careful supervision of the ventila- 
tion of the barn, so as to keep up a constant change of 
air until the curing is completed. 



HOW TO CURE THE NEW CROP OF TOBACCO 

L. B. Vaughan & Co., the well known tobacco com- 
mission firm of this city, give the following advice to 
tobacco growers : 

For such tobacco as Orinoco we advise sun and air 
cure of red color free from fire or smoke smell. For 
shipping or strips, when White Stem, Pryor, or One 
Sucker has been raised, we advise brown or dark red. 

In all cases, as far as possible, avoid smoke or fire 
smell, and where flues or stoves are used, if possible, 
use charcoal. There can be but one opinion, and that 
is, that the world's taste is turning to milder tobacco 
without smoke. During curing of air or sun-cured to- 
bacco, wet, damp, hot spells will cause such tobacco 
to mould. To avoid this, air-tight wood stoves should 
be used to give heat, mostly to cause circulation. 



AN UNEVEN APLE CROP. 

Special data secured from orchardists, dealers and 
handlers, supplementing the regular returns of our 
own corps of observers, confirm American Agricul- 
turist's previous reports of only a moderate apple 
crop of indifferent quality in the western centres of 
production, while here in the east condition irregular. 
During July the prospect was distinctly lowered in 
practically every apple producing district between 
the Alleghany and the Bocky mountains. 

Too much rain, too little sunshine, and a continued 
dropping of fruit is the constant burden of western 
reports, and the crop may now be classed as ranging 
from complete failure up to a moderate yield, a full 
crop nowhere, and an average promise from only one 
State— Michigan. • 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



535 



THE 



Southern Planter 



PUBLISHED BY 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COIP'T, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Month. 



J. F. JACKSON, 

Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 

Business Manager. 

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. 
Rate card furnished on application. 



TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 

The Southern Planter is mailed to sub- 
scribers in the United States and Canada at 
iOc. per annum ; all foreign countries and the 
City of Richmond, 76c. 

Remittances should be made direct to this 
Office, either by Registered Letter or Money 
Order, which will be at our risk. When made 
otherwise we cannot be responsible. 

Alwavs (five the Name of the Post Office 
to which your paper is sent. Your name can- 
aot be found on our books unless this is done. 

Subscribers failing to receive their paper 
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor 
by reporting the fact at once. 

The Date on your Label shows to what 
time your subscription is paid. 

We Invite Farmers to write us on any 
agricultural topic. "We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
cles, Suggestions How to Improve The 
Planter, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots, 
or Vegetables not generally known. Particu- 
lars of Experiments Tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions sent us must not be fur- 
nished other papers until after they have ap- 
peared In our columns. Rejected matter will 
be returned on receipt of postage. 

Ho anonymous communications or en- 
quiries will receive attention. 



Address— 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 

RICH MONO. VA. 



Detail Index to Enquirer's 
Column. 

Onion Growing 514 

Preventing Washing of Land 514 

Lame Horses — Flies on Cattle 514 

Bermuda Grass 515 

Grass for Name 515 

The Draft of Wagons 515 

Sick Hogs 515 

Saving Alfalfa Seed 515 

Tobacco Curing by Flues 515 

Rat Poison 516 

Canada Peas 516 

Ginseng 516 

Cow-Peas for Seed — Crimson Clover.. 516 



A Neat BINDER for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
the Business Office. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



Winter Reading flatter. 

The long evenings are now com- 
mencing, and occupation for them 
should be provided. The best use 
to make of them is to arrange for a 
systematic course of reading on va 
rious agricultural questions of mo 
ment to the farmer. In each sec- 
tion of the State there will be some 
subject of primary importance. 
Look up or enquire for the best 
authorities on the question, and 
order the book or books to be sent 
yon. We shall be glad to advise 
farmers on these questions and to 
supply the books at the lowest pos- 
sible price — much less when taken 
in conjunction with The Planter 
— than they can be bought for else- 
where. See to it that jour sub- 
scription to The Planter is 
promptly renewed, and if not al- 
ready a subscriber, send in your 
name and address, and that of two 
or three of your neighbors, and we 
will send the journal to you and 
them at a reduced price. For 50c. 
we will send you The Planter to 
the end of the year 1903. Each 
issue will be found of the utmost 
interest and value to every farmer 
in the South. If your subscription 
expires at the end of the year, or in 
January, send in your renewal now, 
so that it can receive attention 
when we are not so overwhelmed 
with business as in midwinter. We 
have many thousand subscriptions 
expiring in December and Janu- 
ary, and the work of handling 
them all at that time cannot be 
got through without delay, and 
the new subscriptions sent in at 
that time are so numerous that 
mistakes are unavoidable and de- 
lay unpreventable. Subscribe now, 
and avoid this. 



Binders for the Planter. 

We have received a new supply 
of binders for the Planter, and shall 
be glad to send one holding the 
numbers for a year to any one 
sending us 25 cents in stamps or 
coin. 



WOOD'S "TRADEMARK" 

FARM SEEDS 

are the best that can be obtained 
— free from weed seeds and impur- 
ities and of strong germinating 
qualities. It is very important if 
you desire to secure good stands 
and good crops to purchase the 
highest grade Seeds obtainable. 
This you can always do by pur- 
chasing Wood's ''Trade Hark 
Brand" of Farm Seeds. 

Wood's Fall Catalogue tells all 

about Vegetable and Farm 

Seeds for Fall Planting, Seed 

Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, 

Vetches, Grass and 

Clover Seeds, etc. 

Write for Fall Catalogue and 

prices of any Seeds desired. 

T. W. WOOD & SONS 

Seedsmen, ■ Richmond, Va. 



THE IMPROVED 




Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. T., D. S. A. 



STUMP PULLER 

Most Powerful, Handiest 

and Strongest Built in 

the World. 

We make 4 kinds in sizes 

to suit all needs and of any 

desired strength. Saves time 

and does the work right. The 

operation of pulling 

stumps and trees by onr 

methods is simple and 

easy. Send for Free 

Catalogue. 

CHICAGO STCMP MACHINE HFG. CO., 

226 La Salle Street. Chletgo, III. 




WATER CLOSET COMBINATIONS, 

Porcelain Bowl. Hardwood Seat and Tank, 
Nickel riated flush and supply pipes, com- 
plete, each $11.00. 

Cast Iron Roll Rim Bath Tubs, 

length 5 ft. Complete 
with full set of nickel 
plated fittings, each, 
JSll.OO. 

They are new poods, 
ask for free catalogue 
No. 166 on plumbing 
andhullding material. 

Chicago House Wrecking Co., W. 35th and Iron Sfs.,Chlcig» 





536 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



(September 



HOW'S THIS ! 
We offer One Hundred Dollars reward 
for any case of Catarrh that can not be 
cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. 

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Prop's, 
Toledo, 0. 

We, the undersigned, have known F. J. 
Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe 
him perfectly honorable in all business 
transactions, and financially able to carry 
out any obligation made by their firm. 
West & Truax, Wholesale Druggists, 

Toledo, 0. 
Warding, Kinnan & Marvin, 
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O. 

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally 
acting directly upon the blood and mu- 
cous surfaces of the system. Price 75c. 
per bottle. Sold by all druggists. Testi- 
monials free. 

Hall's Family Pills are the best. 



THE KEMP MANURE SPREADER. 
During much of the time that commer- 
cial fertilizers have been gaining their 
foothold in recent years, farmers have 
read of their relative values and experi- 
mented to a large extent unmindful of the 
land energy lying neglected in the ma- 
nure pile in their own yards. With the 
perfecting of machinery for the mechani- 
cal spreading of manure, an awakening 
has come about as to the real wealth of the 
fertilizer the farmer has in his own pos- 
session. Not only has he been caused to 
put a higher estimate on the value of the 
manure pile, but he has imbibed the idea 
that it may be made to cover a far greater 
area than formerly, distributing its wealth 
more generously without corresponding 
deprivation to any part. 

Much of this increased estimate on the 
manure pile has resulted because of the 
Kemp Manure Spreader being abroad in 
the land. It has been a forcible and 
practical teacher. When one of these 
machines is taken into a new community 
it makes it quickly apparent to progres- 
sive farmers that they must avail them- 
selves of this most valuable implement to 
retrieve the losses they have uninten- 
tionally and perhaps unknowingly been 
suffering. They see as never before a 
great saving of time in the spreading of 
manure. They see the work systemati- 
cally done with less labor. They are able 
to appreciate the fact that when the ma- 
nure is all torn apart and uniformly 
distributed the hungry soil is able to ap- 
propriate every part of the nourishment 
and the benefits be widely extended. 
The story is retold with emphasis in the 
growing crop. The result is that after 
the advent of the first Kemp into a com- 
munity numerous others quickly follow. 
The Kemp Manure Spreader made by the 
Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., of Syracuse, N. 
Y., is claimed by many people to be the 
typical machine manufactured for this 
purpose. It spreads any kind of fertili- 
zer as well as manure, and no matter 
what its condition, whether lumpy, 
strawy, coarse or wet, it is perfectly at 
home in its work, tearing apart pulveriz- 
ing and distributing finely and evenly 
over the ground. If this mention even 
suggests a purchase, it will have served a 
good purpose to any one who has ma- 
nure to spread. Mechanical distribution 



JAMES G. TINSLEY & CO., 

Branch Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. 

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 

/ 




RICHMOND, VA. 



..BRANDS.. 

Stonewall Tobacco Fertilizer, Stonewall Guano, 
Powhatan Corn Guano, 

Stonewall Acid Phosphate, 
Wheat and Grass Fertilizer, 

Tinsley's Bone and Potash Mixture, 
Powhatan High-Grade Phosphate. 



Gal! on your Local Dealer, and if he cannot furnish you, write to us. 

I ARMOUR'S 

[AN IMAL FERTILIZER 

M Came from the Farm 
^^^^^ Should Go Ba.ck on the Farm 
Put It Back 
It's Natural Plant Food 



f 




Feed Your Plants 



They Will Then Feed You 



Thi Armour Fertilizer Works 

CHICAGO AND BALTIMORE:. 



I 




Farmers' $125 Saw Mill., 

Cuts 2000 ft. lumber a day with only A h. p. 

Our large, handsome catalogue tells all 
about the famous DeLoach Variable Fric- 
tion Feed Saw Mills, 4 to 100 h. p., 8125 up. 
DeLoach Saw Mill Machinery, Planers, 
Shingle, Lath and Corn Mills, "Water 
Wheels, etc. Write for catalogue and price 
f. o. b. your depot. DbLoaoh Mill Mfg. 
Co., Box 600, Atlanta, Ga. (Branch, 120 
Liberty St., New York.) 



1902. 



THE SOUTHERN PLASTTER. 



537 



The Waterloo 




Beat' em All. 

3-Horse 

Power 

Pumper. 

The best engine 
for the money 
on the market 
to-day. 

Every engine 

fully 
guaranteed. 

Write to-day 

for 

Catalogue. 



We also have stationary and portable engines. 

WATERLOO GAS ENGINE CO., 

P. O. Box 56. WATERLOO, IOWA. 

After Being on the Market TEN YEARS, 

The ACME Engine Still Leads 

For Churning, 
Cutting & Grind- 
ing Feed, Filling 
Siloes, Sawing 
Wood, Elevating 
Water, and all 
Farm and Gene- 
ral Uses where 

Small Power is 
Required. 

Fuel, Kerosene 
Oil. 

No Skilled Engi- 
neer required. 
ROCHESTER MACHINE TOOL WORKS, 

No. 17 Frank St.. Rochester, N. Y. 

The MIETZ& WEISS 





Kerosene Engines. 



Cheapest and Safest 
Power Known. For 
pumping and electric 
lighting, grinding corn 
separating cream, saw- 
ing wood, and all pow- 
er purposes. Also sizes 
from 1 to 60 horse-pow- 
«r. Highest award for direct coupled genera- 
tor set. Gold Medal, Paris Exposition, 1900. 
Pan-American Exposition, 1901. Send for cat- 
alogue. 

A. MIETZ. 128 Mott Street, New York. 



ENGINES, BOILERS 
AND MACHINERY. 

When you want good rebuilt ma- 
chinery at bargain prices, write for 
our Catalogue. No. 1 66 We carry 
all kinds of engines (gas, gasolene 
and steam power), boilers, pumps, 
and mill supplies in general. 
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 

West 35th and iron Sts_ Chicago. 




The WEBER HH. P. x 
Gasoline Engines)] 

for running ^Jj 

grinders, shred. 

den, cutters, 
, threshers, etc. 

Free catalogue 

gives all sizes. 
| Weber Gas & 

Gasoline Engine 

Co., Box 12 n 
, Kansas City, 9To. = 




is coming to be an imperative necessity 
with every one who farms. A good way 
to get ready for a purchase which you are 
sure to recognize sooner or later as a ne- 
cessity, is to send and get the Kemp cat- 
alogue, which the company will gladly 
forward you free for the asking. Kindly 
mention this paper. 



LITTLETON FEMALE COLLEGE. 

Littleton Female College, Littleton, N. 
C, is one of the best located schools 
in the South. It is immediately on the 
Seaboard Air Line railroad between Ra- 
leigh and Weldon, N. C, in the midst of 
a region of noted mineral springs, where 
many people go every year in quest of 
health, and where the pure water, bracing 
atmosphere and splendid climate easily 
make it one of the most desirable places 
for a Female College to be found any- 
where. The new building now about 
completed is a very handsome structure, 
and presents an imposing appearance 
from the railroad which forms the North 
em boundary of the large and beautiul 
campus. 



THE MONEY MAKERS. 

The old adage says that " you cannot 
eat your cake and have it too," but mod- 
ern science has proved the fallacy of the 
saying. The modern farmer can procure 
machines that will enable 'him to turn 
his corn into beef and still have the corn 
left to sell. Machines that will enable 
the farmer to be absolutely independent 
regardless of the hay crop. 

No better feed can be found for fattening 
stock than shredded corn fodder, as has 
been proved beyond a doubt by the ex- 
periments of the last few years. 

And the " money makers " are the ma- 
chines that enable the farmer to quickly 
and economically prepare corn fodder. 

The "Ideal Line" of corn machines 
manufactured by Deering Harvester Com- 
pany, of Chicago, are the best and most 
reliable " money makers." 

The Deering Ideal Corn Binder, the 
Deering Corn Shocker and the Deering 
Huskers and Shredders are made in the 
largest harvester works in the world and 
contain every modern and up-to-date im- 
provement. 

The juice of any acid fruit can be made 
into syrup by adding a pound of white 
sugar to every pint of juice and boiling 
ten minutes. Seal in pint cans. 

An excellent filter can be made from a 
common flower pot. Clote the opening 
with a sponge, then put in an inch thick 
layer of powdered charcoal, an inch layer 
of silver sand, two inches of gravel and 
small stones. 

Many housewives object to using the 
baking powder on the market, owing to 
the possibility of adulteration. Will such 
try the following formula? Sift three 
times a quarter of a pound of flour, a 
quarter of a pound of baking soda and 
half a pound of cream tartar. Store in 
an air-tight can. 

To remove plum, grape and berry 
stains, pour through boiling water and 
leave in the water until cold. Peach and 
sweet apple stains should be washed first 
in cold water. Saturate grass stains with 
molasses and rub it in well. 



Wagon World Awheel. 

Half a million of these steel 
wheels have been sent out on 
ourovvn wagons and to fit other 
wagons. It is the wheel that 
determines the life of any 
wagon, and this" is the longest 
lived wheel made. Do you want 
a low down Handy Wagon to 
use about the place? We will fit 
out your old wagon with Elec- 
tric Wheels of any size and 
any shape tire, straight or stag- 
gered spokes. Nocrackedhubs.no 

loose spokes, no rotten felloes, no resetting. Write for 

the big new catalogue. It is free. 

Electric Wheel Co., Box I46 Qulncy, Ills. 



WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and send 4 lluggy Wheels, Steel Tire on, . $7.S5 
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mlg. wheels % to i in. 
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75 ; Harness, $3.60. Write for 
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and parts direct. 
Wagon Umbrella FSEE. W. V. BOOB, Cincinnati, O. 





IMPERIAL 




Pulverizer, Clod 
Crusher and Roller. 



Leads them 

all. 
Send for 
circulars. 
THE PETERSON MFG. CO., Kent, Ohio. 

BAILEY'S HYDRAULIC RAM 

Rons 24 hours a day and 365 days a year 
40 years experience. "Water for 
HOUSE; water for STOCK; 
Water for IRRIGATION. One* 
started costs but one; cent per 
month. As simple as a wheel* 
barrow and as efficient as a 
Corliss Engine. Information 
and Instruction in plain terms. 
Prices on ram or complete out- 
fit by return mail. Address 
PRYCE W. BAILEY, Expert. Seneca Falls, N. Y. 




ITPUMPSITUP. 

No matter how far away or how steep 
thehiJl the 

RIFE HYDRAULIC ENGINE 

will force the water up and put it where 
want it, most convenient for use. 
Will fill a storage tank 
[any height above the source 
of supply, when water may 
be drawn through buildings, 
dairy houses, stable, yards, 
etc. by pravitv process. It 
runs Itself. Never stops. Will t orceup the pure water of a spring 
with the muddy water of a brook without mixiDg. Wrlto us 
your needs and we'll send plans and estimates of cost. A 

RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y. 




IMELONEY'S 

AUTOMATIC ; ' 

Milk Cooler and Aerator 

Cools and aerates milk with or 
without ice. Removes animal and 
garlic odors. Made ot sheet copper 
and coated with tin outside. Sim- 
ple in construction. Easy to clean. 
Guaranteed. Everything for the 
dairy or creamery. Send for 
catalogue "Bestov" dairy supplies. 
DAIRYMEN'S SUPPLY CO., Dept. II Philadelphia. Pa. 




PALMORE'S 

Law and Collection Association, 

Established 1884. Claims collected 

in all parts of the United States. 

No collection — no charge. 

P. 0. Box 503. 005 yi East Main Street 

RICHMOND. VIRGINIA. 

RIIPTIIRP CURED, TRUSS FREE. 
** ** ■ ■ **•»»* You pay $4 when cured. 
No cure, no pay. ALEX. SPEIRS, Box 844, 
Westbrook, Maine. 



538 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



i September 



A BOY DOES 

AMAINSWORK 




SUPERIOR DISC DRILLS 

REQUIRE NO EXTRA HELP 
IN TRASHY GROUND. 

Discs roll over or cut through trash 
and cover all the seed. 

The Disc does better work in hard or 
soft ground than any Hoe or Shoe Drill. 

The Superior Disc and Superior Peed 
make seeding easy and good results cer- 
tain. 

You run no risk when you buy a 
Superior. It is the drill for drilling all 
crops— Wheat, Oats, Cow Peas, Corn, 
etc., as well as all Grasses. 

Patents sustained in highest Courts. 

Your request on a postal card will 
bring Illustrated Catalogue No. 16. 

SUPERIOR DRILL CO. 

Springfield, Ohio, U. S. A. 



With a 



5VPERIOR0S5C0RILL 



Hra*ranss=!53ss?55 



Afl 1111 and FERTILIZER 

GRAIN DRILL 

^^** The YORK FORCE FEED DRILL com- 
bines lightness with strength. Most complete drill 
made. No complex gearing to get out of order. Boxes 
are c 1 ose to ground. F u Uy 

Easily Y^e^^fe*. Guaranteed 
regulates 
quantity 
of seed 
or fer- 
tilizer, 
and 
sows 
with 
regu- 
larity. 
Weleht, 
Only 70O lbs? 
A cents Wanted. 

Write for Catalogue. 
THE HENCH & DROMGOLD C0.7 
Mfrg., York, Pa. 





STEEL ROOFING 

FREIGHT CHARGES PAID BY US 

Strictly new, perfect. Semi - Hardened 
Steel Sheets, 2 feet wide, 6 feet long. The 
best Roofing, Siding or Celling you can use. 
No experience necessary to lay it. An 
ordinary hammer or hatchet the only 
tools you need. We furnish nails free 
and paint roofing two sides. Comes 
either fiat, corrugated or "V" crimped. 
Delivered free of all charges to aU points 
in the U. S., east of the Mississippi River 
and North of the Ohio River 

AT $2.25 PER SQUARE 

Price, to other points on application* A square means 100 
square feet. Write for free Catalogue No. Itj6 

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., W. 35th and Iron Sts.. Chicago 



tiUffilt 

GREENSBORO, N.C. 

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE «nd 
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion 



THE TROUBLE ABOUT ZINC. 

It is surprising how much ignorance 
is scattered promiscuously about, even 
among people supposed to be experts. 
As a matter of fact, the average painter, 
though he knows all that is necessary to 
know about painting, knows pitiably lit- 
tle about paints, and the most celebrated 
architects are but little better informed. 
The first trouble about zinc paints, there- 
fore, is the ignorance of professional paint 
users. 

The second difficulty is that they will 
not utilize the knowledge they have. It 
is fatal to any paint, but especially to a 
zinc paint, to apply it to a moist or even 
an imperfectly dried surface, yet painting 
is done in all weathers, and the paint 
blamed for the consequences. Again, 
each coat ought to be what the painters 
call ''bone dry" before the next is applied, 
yet we see three coats applied in a single 
week by professional painters. To ac- 
complish this feat of celerity the very 
life is burned out of the paint by strong 
dryers. 

The third trouble with zinc is that it is 
not so slippery under the brush as lead, 
and journeyman painters, not liking hard 
work, thin it until there is more liquid 
than paint on the surface. 

These are the reasons why an ordinary 
farm hand, ignorant of the turpentine 
tank and unacquainted with the benzine 
can, working at his leisure and putting on 
"the next coat" when he finds time, will 
frequently surpass in the serviceability of 
results more than the accredited adept ; 
yes, with the poorest zinc combination 
obtainable in ready mixed paints will 
surpass the best results of the latter with 
his favorite brand of strictly pure lead. 
Stanton Dudley. 



You ought to have a little good whis- 
key in the house. For accidents, faint- 
ing spells, exhaustion, and other emer- 
gency uses, it relieves and revives. But 
you must have good whiskey, pure whis- 
yey, for poor whiskey, adulterated whis- 
key, is injurious. Hayner Whiskey is 
just what you need, for it goes direct 
from the distillery to you, with all its 
original strength, richness and flavor, 
carries a United States Registered Distiller's 
Guarantee of Purity and Age, and saves 
you the enormous profit of the dealers. 
Read the offer of The Hayner Distilling 
Company elsewhere in this journal. They 
are a reputable house, have a paid-up 
capital of half a million dollars, been in 
business over thirty-six years, and will 
do exactly as they say. 

New Midway, Md., Aug. 8, 1902. 
Editor Southern Planter : 

I wish to state that my advertisement 
in the Southern Planter has sold my entire 
flock of Dorsets. I also sold ram lambs 
in Virginia and North Carolina. My entire 
flock of prize Dorsets went to Messrs.Dick - 
eraon and McClure, of Augusta county. It 
included in part the champion pair of 
aged eweB in England and America ; also 
the imported ram "Locust Grove," a great 
prize winner in England and America. 
The most of these sheep were imported 
from England. I disposed of them in 
order to make room for a new importa- 
tion. Yours truly, N. S. Bukkieb. 



THE MOWER 

THAT WILL KILL ALL THE 
WEEDS IN YOUR LAWNS. 




If you keep the «-eeds cut so they do not go 
to seed, and cut your grass without breaking 
the small feeders of roots, tne grass will be- 
come thick and weeds will disappear. THE; 
CLIPPER WILL DO IT. Send for catalogue 
and prices. 

CLIPPER LAWN MOWER CO., Inc., 

NORRISTOWN, PA. 

ORNAMENTAL LAWN FENCE 

Buy from manufacturers- 
direct and save the Dealer's- 
Profltof 20to^j |>tr cent. We 
make many designs, and: 
sell more Orn=cnt:il Fence 
than any othert"V7o firms 
in the businoso. Vhy! Be- 
cause viejssocoV-'~~ hut the 
bestmaterl-lx::no5Cn buy, 
Bell clrcct ty Os user at 
FACTORY PRICES and guarantee .-sy c-o c.viereet 
our fence. We make special prices to CUnrehcs, Ceme- 
teries and large Parks. Send us yo«r address, we trill 
talro pleasure in mailing you our lttrge 32 y><ro catalog 
on Ornamental Fencing, free. If you are lm-Jrestid in 
Farm Fencing send for our 42 page Catalogue. Address 
„ „ COILED SPRINC FENCE CO. 
Box Q, Winchester. Ind. U. S. A. 



f#ll|'iW 



IBSeZIS 


im®= 


~^- 





WIRE FENCE 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, 
coiled spring wire, Sure Grip lock. In strength, 
appearance, and durability, the Hard Steel 
cannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and 
prices. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO . 

Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, 




WHY BUY ANY 

other fence, if you believe THE PAGE is beet? 
PAGE WOVEN WIUK FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH. 

™~~~FAHM FENCE 

H PRICE AND QUALITY 
WILL PLEASE YOU— 
WRITE US NOW. 

•DOW WIRE WORKS- Louis ville.Ky, 





FENCE! 



STRONGEST 
MADE, Bull. 

strong. Chicken- 
tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale 
Prirea. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free. 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
Box 63 Winchester, Indiana, C. 8. A. 



For Sale or Exchange for the Best Offer 

HAWKEYE STUMP MACHINE, A COTTON 
GIN and a 300-EGG MONARCH INCUBATOR 

W. E. THOMAS, Nassawadox, Va. 



(902 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



539 




RED RIPPER 



HAY.. 
PRESS 




Full circle. Double stroke. Light draught. 
Very simple and durable. Will make 20 neat 
and compact bales per hour. Recommended 
by Georgia State Farm. 

Price, $60 cash on cars at factory. 
Write to-day to 
SIKES BROS. & CO., Manufs., Helena, Ga. 



nCnCDIPV O Columbian Improved 

UCUtnlUA o box press. 

This press meets therequirements of those who desire 
to use a deep Box Press, and it is adapted to bale all kinds 
of material balable. Easy to feed same, 
and economical. Leaves material ir. 
the bestform, and makes compact bal 
to load cars to maximum. We ma! 
all styles of Upright as 
well as Horizontal 
presses. Send for our 
catalogue, giving full 
description, prices, etc. 

P. K. Dederlck's Sons, 
59 Tivoll St., 
Albany, N.Y. 




SAVE THE FREIGHT, 

that is, the excess freight you will have to pay if you ship 
loosely baled hay. 




THE "ELI" BALING PRESS "IKS! 

pack the car perfectly. 38 styles and sizes. All steel — 
lightest and strongest. Illustrated catalogue mailed free. 
COLLINS FLOW CO., 1185 Hampshire St., QVINCY, ILL. 



« POTATO PLANTER « 

Cheapest Potato Planter an the maket. Send 
for circular. Address J. R. 8TEITZ, 

Station D. R. No. 1., Milwaukee, Wis. 



MAGAZINES. 

Following upon the " human docu- 
ments " concerning the West Indian 
eruptions which were printed in The 
Century for August, the September num- 
ber presents the results of the scientific 
investigations made by Professors Robert 
T. Hill and Israel C. Russell, who, it will 
be remembered, were on the Dixie relief 
expedition which visited the islands in 
the latter part of May. The personal im- 
pressions and conclusions of these geolo- 
gists are supplemented by maps and a 
large number of photographs taken by 
themselves and others. 

It is a far cry from Martinique to the 
scene of Mr. James D. Hague's article, 
which is the leading one in the number 
and is entitled " Our Equatorial Islands." 
It is largely occupied with the Guano Is- 
lands in the Pacific which once belonged 
to the United States, and the ownership 
of some of which seems still to be in 
dispute with Great Britain, chiefly Jarvis 
and Baker's. Mr. Hague writes from 
personal knowledge of these islands, and 
his article has a number of curious fea 
tures, such as the method of mooring 
the ships, sending letters by kite line, 
and the ways of catching the tropic birds. 
The paper is illustrated in a novel way, 
chiefly with pictures of these birds, by 
C L. Bull. 

The leading artistic feature is Mr. 
Cole's wood engraving in the Old Span- 
ish Masters series, the subject chosen 
being the central portion of the famous 
picture, "'The Lances," or "The Sur- 
render of Breda," by Velasquez, in the 
Prado Museum, Madrid. The second 
part of •' The Biography of a Prairie 
Girl," by Eleanor Gates, proves to be an 
idyl of child's life in the West, with pic- 
tures of Miss Cory, who, like the author, 
is a Western woman. Sylvester Baxter 
contributes a paper on '• Civic Improve 
ment in Street and Highway," with pic 
tures by Guerin ; J. B. Bishop gives his 
'"Personal Recollections of E. L. God- 
kin," with whom he was associated on 
the editorial staff of the New York 
Evening Post ; Miss Belle Vinnedge 
Drake records the details of " A Visit to 
the Empress Dowager" in Peking; J. 
M. Gleeson publishes notes about "Three 
Strange Animals"— the Maned Wolf, 
the Black Leopard, and the Serval — 
with pictures of all three ; and the sixth 
portion of '" Confessions of a Wife " car- 
ries the complications of the domestic 
tragedy to the point of intensity. Pres- 
ident Hadlev contributes a short article 
on "The Twofold Cause of Betting"; 
Professor Woodberry a critical estimate 
of the poetry of William Watson, of 
which an example is printed in "A 
Ballad of Semmerwater," with decora- 
tions by Henry McCarter ; and there is a 
paper by the author of " Elizabeth and 
Her German Garden," entitled " On the 
Giving of Books," her first contribution 
to an American magazine. 



Ellen Olnev Kirk's new novel is pub- 
lished entire in the September number of 
Lippincott's Magazine. It is a comedy 
particularly suited to lazy early-autumn 
days when Teaders want sauce piquante 
served as well with literary food as with 
every-day meals. The story is American, 



Warranted 

to give satisfaction. 




GOMBAULT'S 

CAUSTIC BALSAM 

A safe, speedy and 
positive cure for 

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, 
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone 
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin 
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. 
Removes all Bunches from Horses or 
Cattle. 

As a HUMAN KEMKDT for Rheu- 
matism, Sprains, Sore Throat, etc., It 

is invaluable. 

Every bottle of Cauatlc Balsam sold is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price SI. SO 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for its 
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo- 
nials, etc. Address 

THE LAWRENCE- WILLIAHS COMPANY, Cleveland, Ohio. 




Newton's Heare, Cough, Dis- 
temper and Indigestion Cure. 
A veterinary speoifij for wind, 
throat and stomach troubles. 
Strong recommends* #1 per 
can. Dealers, mall or Ex. paid. 
Newton Horse Remedy Co. 
(T ) Toledo. Ohl«. 



AGRICULTURAL 
and BUILDERS' 



LIME 



Send for Circulars and Price- List. 
FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS 

REEVES CATT, Agent, 
Bodley, Augusta County, Va. 

6111 inOC CPU C and other insects can 
OAR uUul UUflLL be controlled by using 

Good's Caustic Potash Whale 
Oil Soap, No. 3. 

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en- 
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well 
as insecticide. 50 lb. kegs, 82.50; 100 lb. kegs, 
$4.50. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3%c. per lb. ; 
barrels, 425 lbs., at 3%c. Large quantities, 
special rates. Send for circular. 

JAMES GOOD, 

939-41 N. Front St., Philadelphia, pa 



\ . .-,:- *&-t.,jfi aa » ■ 



WROUGHT IRON PIPE 1 

Good condition, used short time only} new threads 
«nd couplings; for Steam, Gas or Watert sizes from H 
to 12 inch diameter. Our price per foot on j^Lnchli 
90 1 on 1 inch S)f c. Write for free catalogue No. 1Btt 

CHICAC0 HOUSE WRECKING CO., * ' 

W. 85th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO. 



IllPnOl PflATO are handsome, hardy and 
ANbUnAUUAlO profitable. For large cir- 
cular address E. W. COLE & CO , Kenton, Ohio. 



540 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



..ELMW00D NURSERIES.. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000 2-yr-old Asparagus roots, 
5 varieties A special rate of $3-50 
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARR'S, 
PALMETTO, CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A large general assortment, in- 
cluding WINES APS and YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid Assortment of 

Ornamental, Shade 

and Pruit Trees. 



EGGS 



from B. P. Rocks, Light 
Brahmas, Brown Leg- 
horns, at $1.00 per 13. 



WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. 



J. B. WATKINS & B RO., Hallsboro, Va. 

APPLE TREES 

The Bonavista Nurseries will have some 
exceptionally fine apple trees for orchard this 
year. Wine Saps, Paragon (M. B. Twig), 
York Imperial (J. F. Winter), Albemarle 
Pippin, etc. 

We did not have a complaint last season. 
Every tree is perfect and guaranteed, taken 
from the nursery block the day it is shipped, 
carefully packed. 

Our prices are the lowest. 

CHAS. F. HACKETT, Manager, 

Greenwood, Va. 



WOOD'S SEEDS. 
IF YOU WANT FINE 

STRAWBERRIES 

FOR HOME USE, 

Plant Excelsior, William Belt and 
Aroma. These three varieties will give 
you a splendid crop of the finest fruit 
from the earliest to the latest. Price of 
plants, 60 cts, per 100. In 1,000 lots and 
over, $3.50 per 1,000. 

Our Fall Catalogue gives full descrip- 
tions of all the best varieties of Straw- 
berries both for market and home use. 
Catalogue mailed free, write for it. 

T. W. WOOD & SONS, 
Seedsmen, Richmond, Va. 



^VVVVS» V NA^VS^^y>A^ V SAA>S^VVV»1 



FRAZER 



< Axle Grease 



Best In 
the world. 



1 Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 
1 tually outlasting 3 bxj. any other brand, 
Not affected by heat. *»-Get the Genuine. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. yy| | 



with a heroine "exquisite beyond all 
women !" Having at stake a fortune, she 
carries out an original scheme to marry 
the man she loves. Humor is paramount, 
and the plot stimulates, while that same 
charming human sentiment is evident 
which characterized Mrs. Kirk's earlier 
success, "The Story of Margaret Kent." 

Besides the complete novel Lippincott's 
has a fine showing of short stories : Jo- 
siah Flynt contributes " The ' Won't Go 
Home' " which is a rattling good tale of 
a steam calliope and a party of specula- 
tors in the far Orient. Ina Brevoort Rob- 
erts's name to the list leads one to expect 
something extraordinarily good, remem- 
bering that she is the author of " The 
Lifting of a Finger." Her present story, 
"The Fifth Wheel," fully justifies this 
hope. " The Hidden Man," by Karl Ed- 
win Harriman, is a first-rate story of a 
Western tramp, treated with vigor. The 
extreme pathos of Jennette Lee's story is 
offset by a happy ending. Its title, "A 
Judgment on Them," refers to a man and 
wife who dwell under one roof but who 
have not spoken to each other for ten 
years. A Mormon story by Lily Munsell 
is called "The Undoing of Apostle Jones." 
The underlying tragedy is brightened by 
a fourth wife's determination to see fair 
play. Albert Payson Terhune writes a 
tale about honor on a newspaper. This 
is entitled "A Park Row Galahad," and 
is an instance where a reporter learns 
that he " cannot serve two masters." It 
holds the interest throughout. 

Eben E. Rexford always gives seasona- 
ble points on the subject of his specialty 
— gardening in all its branches. In the 
September Lippincott's he takes Time by 
the forelock in writing about " Fall Work 
in the Garden." He tells just the things 
people want most to know at this season, 
and tells them clearly and untechnically. 



Hilarity Hall" is the name of the long 
story by Carolyn Wells in the September 
St. Nicholas. It has to do with the lively 
adventures of eight girls who take a sea- 
side cottage for the summer. An ideal 
girl's story. 

This is only one of the many good things 
in this number. Particularly interesting 
is " The Little Colonel," the story of an 
Indian fight by Mrs. Guy V. Henrv. 
" How the Weather is Foretold," by Clif 
ford Howard is an entertaining account 
of Uncle Sam's weather bureau and its 
conduct. "A Little Journey Through the 
Air" is an illustrated account of a queer 
railroad abroad where the cars travel sus- 
pended in mid air. 

Probably the best boy's story in the 
magazine is " Martyn Brown— Mascot," 
Ralph Henry Barbour. Marty is a snub- 
nosed lad who takes care of the players' 
bats. One day he played a more impor- 
tant part; and how he came to be the 
hero of a hard-fought game is the story 
that is told. There are a lot of clever 
rhymes, and also that very important de 
partment "The Young Folk's League," 
with its capital contributions from the 
young readers themselves. 



When corresponding with advertisers, 
kindly mention that you saw their adver- 
tisement in the Southern Planter. 



In a 

Glass of Water. 

Put a handful of glazed 
coffee in a glass of water, 
wash off the coating, 
look at it; smell itl Is 
it fit to drink? Give 

LION COFFEE 

the same test. It leaves the water 
bright and clear, because it's just 
pure coffee. 

The sealed package insures uniform 
quality and freshness. 



VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 

(State Agricultural and Mechanical 

College), at Blacksburg, Va. 
A Southern Institute of Technology. 
Thirty Instructors. Thoroughly equipped* 
Shops, Laboratories and Infirmary. Farm 
of four hundred acres. Steam heating and) 
electric lights in dormitories. Degree courses 
in Agriculture, Horticulture, Civil, Mechani- 
cal and Electrical Engineering, Applied Chem- 
istry and General Science. Shorter courses in> 
in Practical Agriculture and Practical Me- 
chanics. 

Total cost of Session of Nine Months, in- 
cluding Tu'tion and other fees, Board, Wash- 
ing, Text-Books, Medical Attendance, etc., 
about $210. Cost to State students, about $180t 
Next Session begins September 22, 1902. For 
catalogue and other information, apply to 

J. M McBRYDE. Ph. D , LL. D., President. 

A Tele- 
graph Op- 
erator's- 
work is- 

honorable, professioral, light, and pa\s good 
wages all the year round. We teach it quickly 
and in a practical way. Now Is an opportune- 
time to learn this art. We also agree to secure- 
for our patrons situations. Write to-day for 
particulars. 
SHARP'S SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY, 

Huntington, Ind. 



TELEGRAPHY 



Nurseryman Wanted. 

Prefer a man who also understands care of 
orchards and shipping fruit. I offer a good 
home; new, five-room house; use of cow and 
garden : t alary, $20 per month and a few other 
perquisites- ; will pay more if the man will 
make the place pay expenses. Address 

NURSERY, care Southern Planter. 

EXPERIENCED FARMER 

With small family, desires position as man" 
ager of a good size farm for the ensuing year- 
References given. Address 

C. N., care Southern Planter. 

WANTED, 
SEED WHEAT. 

Farmers having crops of wheat suitable for 
seed purposes are requested to send samples,, 
stating quantity, name of variety, and lowest 
price will take for same, either f. o. b. their 
station or delivered Richmond. 
Address 

P. 0. Box 330, RICHMOND, VA. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



541 




A FREE FAIR TRIAL 

Thirty day* for it. Hitch to It. drive 
and testit, compare it with others. If 
you do not rind It the best bargain you / 
have ever seen, ship it back to us. It ^ 
costs you nothing. That's the way wesell 

SPLIT HICKORY VEHICLES. 

Remember the wood is hickory, and it's split, not sawed. It 
does not go across the grain. You can't break it. Free cata- 
logue tells our story. Write for it. 

OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., Station 41, CINCINNATI, 0. 

GENUINE 

APPLE R OATS 

FOR SALE 

ByC. A. DOOLITTLE & SON, - Augusta, Ga. 



WOOD'S PLANTS 

LETTUCE PLANTS 

BEST KINDS FOR FALL PLANTING 

Big Boston, Wood's Cabbage, Califor- 

> nia Cream, Butter and Termisball. C 

> Price, 25 cts. per 100 : 82.00 per 1,000. In C 

> 3,000 lots and over, S1.50 per 1,000. C 

> Lettuce is one of the most satisfactory c 

> and profitable fall vegetable grown. € 

> Plant during Sept. for best results. c 
\ T. W. WOOD & SONS, J 
9 Seedsmen, Richmond, Va. * 



MAKE $10 A DAY 

By sending for our FREE BOOK on the eye. 
Learn to correctly test the Eyes and Fit 
Glasses. A profession that is nor, crowded. A 
postal card will bring it. Jacksonian Optical 
College, Dept. U, Jackson, Mich. • 



ii 



Feeds """Feeding 



9) 



Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
Farmers and Stockmen. 

Delivered anywhere for - - #2.0C 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER. 2.26 



IN 63 ACRES 
...OF LAND 



A BARGAIN 

In sight of Richmond. Va. Fine large house 
with modern improvements; fine large barn 
and other improvements; large orchard: so- 
ciety the best. Will be sold cheap with stock 
and crops. Would make a fine daily farm. 
Address Oak Shade, care Southern Planter. 

.'.A FINE FARM .'. 

Located on North river, Gloucester County, 
Va., for sa e ata reasonable figure. Comprises 
720 acres, 640 open and available to plow, well 
watered and suitable to all grains and grasses. 
Well adapted to grazing of both sheep and 
cattle. Fine shade, good house (11 rooms), 
large porches and cellar. Fifteen acres lawn, 
young orchard in bearing. Necessary out 
buildings ; Post-office 1 mile from bouse ; Good 
fences, large oyster shore. An ideal home and 
farm. Sale for division. Information by cor- 
responding with D P. SANDERS, Gloucester, Va., 
10HN SANDERS, lames Store. Va. 



WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF 

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS. 

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with 

good buildings, close to steam and trolley 

lines, easy access to the city. Also 

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS 

From 100 to 1,000 acres at low prices, all the 
way from $5 to 850 per acre. Write for 
Catalogue. 
THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, a. 

J. R. Hockaday, Manager. 



WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY. 

When an accident occurs thei e are cer- 
tain things that may be done that will 
prevent the injury from becoming greater 
while waiting for the doctor. An inex 
perienced worker should not try to re- 
move the patient unless it is imperative, 
or unless the weather is a cause of dis- 
comfort or danger; but even when mov- 
ing is unavoidable, do not move the in- 
jured person farther than is absolutely 
necessary. Such aid as can be given 
should be given as quickly as possible, 
so that moving may not aggravate the 
trouble. Then lift the patient upon any- 
thing on which he may be placed in a 
fiat position, first throwing over the im- 
provised litter something soft. When it 
is possible to have two or three assistants 
for this moving one should devote his 
attention to protecting the wounded 
part. 

In case of an accident from fire the most 
important thing to remember is that the 
air must be excluded from the burnt 
surface. In wounds of every description 
cleanliness is one of the healing factors ; 
but in a burn the wound may be irri- 
tated by pulling away anything that 
may geem to be sticking to it. If any 
foreign substances, such as bits of cloth- 
ing, should seem to be simply lying on 
the wound, they may be carefully picked 
off. If there are blisters, they must be 
pricked immediately and the water from 
them absorbed by old linen. Then the 
wound should be covered with sweet 
oil, vaseline, or any pure oil or ointment, 
and a cloth saturated with oil laid over 
it. Or one may use molasses, or the 
white of an egg, or dust flour over the 
surface. 

One of the best remedies for such 
emergencies is " carrou-oil," which is 
made by stirring equal parts of lime- 
water and linseed oil into a thick paste. 

A burn from grease or oil should be 
treated as an ordinary burn. One from 
an acid should be washed with warm 
water, or, if it is possible to get baking 
soda or common washing soda, put a 
pinch of it into the water and wash the 
wound with the solution. The object is 
to remove any of the acid that has not 
eaten into the wound. Then tha wound 
should be dressed with oil. 

Many persons die from shock whose 
burns are not fatal, consequently the pa- 
tient should have absolute rest. Loosen 
the clothing and give stimulants in small 
doses, or hot coffee, hot milk — anything 
that is warm and nourishing. Keep the 
patient comfortably warm, applying hot- 
water bottles if the limbs seem cold. 
When coffee is used it should be made 
very strong, and given without cream or 
sugar. 

An ordinary cut will ston bleeding 
upon the application of hot water or ice. 
If the blood shows signs of drying let it 
remain, as nothing will stop bleeding 
more effectively. 

If blood spurts from a cut it is evidence 
that either a vein or an artery has been 
severed. In that case, take a handker- 
chief or a strip of cloth and tie it around 
the limb an inch or two above the 
wound — " above " meaning between the 
wound and the heart; the bandage being 
put on loosely enough to admit of insert- 



I Can Sell Your Farm 

no matter where it is. Send description, state price and 
Jeam how. Est. '96. Highest references. Offices in 14 cities. 

W. Al. Ostrander.i8S5N. A. Bid*., Philadelphia 

Virginia Farms 

All prices and sizes. Free list on application. 
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond, Va. 

FIMF PARMQ in the e reat fruit g ra|n and 

IIIIL runillo stocksection of VIRGINIA. 

Best climate and water in the U. 8. Near 
great markets, with best educational advan- 
tages. For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va. 

VIRGINIA FARMS 

$3 per Acre and upwards. 

Easy Payments. Catalogue Free. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va. 

Established 1875. 



60 SOOTH. 



For full particulars 

write A. JEPPERS, 

Norfolk, Va. 



FARM FOR. SALE 

In Bladen county. N. C. Consisting of 104 
acres, 70 acres cleared and in good state of 
cultivation. A new five-room house, barn, 
stalls and gin house, 1 tenant house, 2 wells of 
good water, 1% miles from steamer landing 
on Cape Fear river Convenient to church and 
school: healthy and good neighborhood ; 34 
acres of native timber; stock and all neces- 
sary implements at a bargain, as I wish to go 
Cuba. Address j. r. SQUIRES. Squires, N. C. 

..Magnificent Estate.. 

Known as the Hampstead Farm, situated 
on the Pamunkey river, for sale. Contains 
nearly 1600 acres, 800 of which is river bottom 
land, the remainder being upland and timber. 
Large deposits of green sand marl ; brick barn 
with wood stable attached ; also houses for 
sheep, etc. Splendid dwelling said to have 
cost $60,000. Property now owned by stock 
company. Price, $20 per acre, on easy terms. 
For further particulars, address 

"PAMUNKEY," care Southern Planter. 

To HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA" 

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the 
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We 
will gladly mail you a copy. 

W. B BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, Agt , 

G. P. A , Lands and Immigration, 

Roanoke, Va. 

AND THE PLAGE TO 
FIND THEM ^ 

No place in the United States can a man 
do so well at farming, for the money in- 
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ; 
climate good, and the best of markets 
close at hand. It is the State of all 
others, for a comfortable all the year 
round home. The James River Valley 
Colonization and Improvement Company 
offer superior advantages to land pur- 
chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet, 

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. 



HOMES 



542 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER. 



[September 



FINE STOCK AT A BARGAIN. 




One trotting bred brown gelding, coming 4 
yrs. old, 15% hands, -weight 1000. Trim as 
a fawn, ana dashing in style and action. 
Can negotiate a mile in 3 minutes under 
the lines without effort. His future is big 
with promise. Sinewy, hardy and tough. 
"With just a bit more of age and service 
will make a model family horse. On any 
city market he would go "like hot cakes" 
at $200. To sell at once we will take 8150. 

One 8 yr. old fine Hackney trotter, cross brown 
mare, 16 hands high, wt. 1,200. Gentle as 
a kitten. Fast under the lines, and with 
bottom to burn. Exceptially strong and 
quick, she is at home in heavy draft work. 
Price, $150. 

One reg. Aberdeen- Angus Heifer coming 3 yrs. 
old, bred to our Imported herd bull, Rubi- 
con Migno 2nd, No 4121. Price, $100. 

Two superb, reg. Aberdeen-Angus bull calves 

One reg. Dorset Buck, 4 yrs. old. Very large, 
fine and vigorous. Price, $20. 

One grade Dorset Ram Lamb. Price, $6. 

Sixteen Snropshire-Southdown (cross) Ewes, 
2 and 3 yrs. old. In fine condition. Price, 
$3.50. 

Six Shropshire-Southdown (cross) Ewe 

>» fcLambs. Price. $3. 

One Shropshire Southdown (cross) Ram 
Lambs. Price, $3. 

Nine head beautiful, reg. Angora Goats; One 
Buck ; Price, $20. Six Does ; Price, $12 each. 
Two Buck Kids ; Price, $10 each. Lump 
price of nine goats, $100. 
Address W. M. WATKINS & SONS, 
Cottage Valley Stock Farm, 

Randolph, Charlotte Co. , Va. 

For Sale CHEAP. 

One Kemp Manure Spreader, good 

as new, with drill attachment. 

Price, $90. 

Address W. M. WATKINS & SONS, 

Randolph, Charlotte Co., Va- 



PLANT BED GL0TH, 

AND ALL 

CANVAS GOODS, 

WATERPROOF AND PLAIN 

STACK, WACOM, 

IMPLEMENT, BINDER, HORSE 
COVERS, 

HAY CAPS, TENTS, Etc. 

Prices low. Send for Circulars 
and Samples to 

HENRY DERBY, 

124 Chambers Street, New York City. 



Bull calf for Bale. Four years old August 
9tb. Purebred, and will be recorded in com- 
ing Vol. Red Poll H. B. Will keep for pur- 
chaser until October 1st. Price, $50 f. o. b. 
Christlansburg. 

W. S. FOSTER, - Blacksburg. Va. 



ing a stick or cane between the bandage 
and the limb. Twist the stick so that 
every turn the bandage is drawn tighter. 
This must go on until the bleeding either 
stops or materially diminishes. Then 
the bandage must be held in place, and 
a similar one, perhaps not quite eo tight, 
applied below the wound. In this way 
the bleeding from the other end is con- 
trolled. But the bandage must not be 
allowed to remain on the limb too long 
or the results may prove disastrous. 

Sometimes the wound is in a place 
where it is impossible to apply a band- 
age ; in that case press the lips or sides 
of the wound together with the fingers, 
and keep them firmly closed by pressure. 

For a dog bite no treatment is neces- 
sary unless the dog is mad. Of course, 
it is better to have the wound washed 
out with warm water and covered, so as 
to keep it perfectly clean; but beyond 
this there is nothing really necessary. 
If tbe dog is " mad," or there is a suspi- 
cion that it is mad, the wound should be 
cauterized. 

A fainting fit is more alarming than 
serious. Lay the patient flat on a bed, or 
upon the floor, having the head, if pos- 
sible, a trifle lower than the body. This 
can be managed, even when the patient 
has fallen upon the floor, by slipping 
under the body a pillow, blanket, or rug. 
See that there is plenty of fresh air, dash 
cold water in the face, hold ammonia 
under the nostrils, and when the patient 
is conscious give some strong coffee, or 
half a teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of 
ammonia in a little water. Do not try to 
make the patient swallow the stimulant 
just as he is recovering consciousness; 
there is great danger of choking him. 
After consciousness is restored demand 
that the patient shall jest. 

Another form of unconsciousness is that 
which is caused by inhaling smoke or 
poisonous gases. Under such circum- 
stances the patient should be given air 
at once, and the act of breathing stimu- 
lated r>y baring the chest and pouring on 
it first ice-cold water, then water a little 
hotter than the hand will bear, then the 
cold again, and so on. Afterward give a 
stimulant and rub the limbs and body 
briskly. 

The symptoms of sunstroke are easily 
recognized. The patient breathes heav- 
ily, is flushed, and his temperature rises 
until he appears to be in a burning fever. 
He may be either conscious or uncon- 
scious. In either case the clothing should 
be stripped off, so that cold water or ice 
may be applied to the whole surface of 
the body. If ice can be obtained apply 
it to the head, binding it on with a hand- 
kerchief; dash cold water on the chest 
and body, and rub the whole body with 
ice or cold water. When consciousness 
has been restored, and the patient has 
cooled off, let him rest in a cool, quiet 
place. 

An American and an Irishman were 
riding together, and coming across an old 
gallows by the wayside, Jonathan thought 
he would have a quiet laugh at Paddy.s 
expense. " You see that, I calculate," 
said he, pointing to' tbe gallows. " Now, 
where would you be if the gallows had I 
its due?" Paddy replied: "Riding alone.'' I 



• FILSTON FARM. • 




SECOND LARGEST 

JERSEY HERD 

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED 1882. 

BULL CALVES, and for the first time, Heifers 
bred to Imported Golden Peter, and Heifer 
Calves and a few aged Cows. 

BERKSHIRES, all ages, sired by Imported 
Storm King, or Imported Esau 2nd, Size, 
good shape and large litters. 

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of The 
Farm, or prices 

E. M. GILLET, Clerk, Glencoe, Md. 
ASA B. GARDINER, Jr., Manager 

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Has for sale a large num- 
ber of nice young regis- 
tered A. J. C. C. 

JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 

None better bred in the South. Combining 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood 
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25 00. 
Heifers, same age, $35.00. POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS, $5.00 each. Send check and get what 
you want. 

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop., Battleboro, N. C. 

•DKIRY HERD' 

AT A BARGAIN ! 

Desiring to retire from active business, I 
offer, for immediate sale, my entire herd of 44 
pfirebred 

JERSEY CATTLE, 

36 of which are under 4 years old. I will also 
sell all equipment of the Dairy, consisting of 
Engine, Boiltr, Separator, Refrigerator, But- 
ter Worker, Cans, etc. $2,250 will take every- 
thing. The purchaser of the above can also 
purchase or rent 250 acres of my farm on 
which to continue the business. For further 
particulars address 

A. R. VENABLE, Jr., Farmville, Va. 
..OAK HILL FARM.. 

Holstein and Jersey Cattle, 
Biltmore Berkshires. 

Wishing to reduce my stock, will sell cheap. 
Every thing from Oak Hill Farm is guaran- 
teed first-class, and as represented. Address > 
Oak Hill Station SAM'L HAIRSTOH, 

on the Farm. Wenonda, Va. 

20 YOUNG JERSEY COWS 

Registered or entitled to same wanted. 

Give full Information. 

MINIBORYA FARM, Box 901. • Richmond, Va. 

I BELGIAN HARES I 

I FOR. SALE. | 

C Two to six months old $1.00 > 

C Trios 2.50 > 

C Old ones, per pair 5.00 > 

C. W. riARSHALL, Burkeville, Va. 

FOR SALE! 

Pure MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS, TOU- 
LOUSE GEESE, BARRED PLYMOUTH 
ROCK CHICKENS, GUINEAS and 
PEA. FOWLS; Eggs in season except 
from Pea Fowls and Geese. 
Enclose stamp for reply. 

Mrs. W. F. JACKSON, - Olga, Amelia Co., Va. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHBEN PLAOTER 



543 




a 



YOU CANNOT DENY ACTUAL FACTS 

A Wonderful Growth of 360 Pounds in 160 Days By a "Runt" That Had Been 
Badly Stunted lor Nearly 2 Years and Only Weighed 60 Lbs. 

Dow City, Iowa. 
International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Dear Sirs:— I have a runt 2 years old which only weighs 60 pounds. 
It stands 18inches high, 42 inches long, and 4 inches wide on widest part 
of the back. I would like to try "International Stock Food" and see if it 
will make this runt grow. Four of my neighbors owned it before I got it, 
and none of them could make it grow. I enclose a photograph which 
shows this hog is too weak to stand alone, and it will not eat. 

F. C. HOWORTH. 

Dear Sirs : — I enclose a photograph of the "runt" taken five months 
after our commencing to feed "International Stock Food." It weighs 420 
lbs. and has developed into a fine looking hog. "International Stock Food" 
is a remarkable preparation for making hogs grow, and the two photo- 
graphs I mail are positive proof . Yours truly, # F. C. HOWORTH. 

"International Stock Food" is prepared from Herbs, Seeds, Roots and Barks. 



A $3000.00 STOCK BOOH FREE 



IT CONTAINS W 183 LARGE FINE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP. GOATS. HOGS. POULTRY. ETC. 

•n,. r„.. r . .,„ Pr i„ t.H l -, SiT Rrilll.nt f oloro It oost ns 23000 to have our Artists and Engravers make these Engravings. Our International Stock Book contains a finely illastiated 
Hogs and Poultry or All Kinds. The Editor of thie Paper will tell you that you ought to have our Stock Book for reference. 

«S= WE WILL GIVE YOU $14.10 WORTH OF "INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" IF BOOK IS NOT AS REPRESENTED. 
This Book mailed Free, Poatage Prepaid, If Yon write TJs (letter or postal) and fW~ Answer These 3 Questions: 

lst-Kama this Paper. 2nd-How much stock have you I Stf-OW JOB ever use "INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs or Fi«^ 



Largest Stock Food Factory in the World. 
Capital Paid in, $1,000,000. 



International Stock Food Co., KS?^£g: 



imrmwsw?? 



, on a;, .ppoT cash: 

GUARANTEE ' 



INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD. INTERNATIONAL WORM POWDER INTERN ATIONALGALL^CL RE. 

'INTERNATIONAL PbULTRV FOOD. INTERN ATl6KlAL COLIC CURE • INTERN ATI ONAL HEAVE.CURE. . . 

INTERNATIONAL LOUSE KILLER. ^'INTERNATIONAL -HARNESS 'SOAP./. SILVER -PINE H E A lVn G. ■. ©!% X J.CT- 



Farm Bulletin 

Nice BERKSHIRE PIGS for 

sale now. Alao a few DOR- 
SET RAM LAMBS left. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
Blaoksburg, Va. 

PURE-BRED STOCK. 

Reg. Poland-China Hogs 

Reg. Shropshire Sheep 

Shorthorn Cattle. 

Stock of all agea for sale. Stock as repre- 
sented or money refunded. 

J. F. DURRETTt. ■ Birdwood, Albemarle Co.. Va. 

ELLERSLIE FARM^^ 
Thoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown Sheep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

Fob Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 

ARCADIA FARM. 

COLLIE PUPS, BERKSHIRE PIGS and 
INDIAN GAME FOWLS. 

FOR SALE. 

E. M. BALL, - • EMORY, VA. 



ELIJAH'S TRIBULATIONS WITH 

HIS MULE. 

By M. W. Eaely. 

A certain "Afro-American" citizen, by 
the name of Elijah, became tbe proud 
and happy possessor of a mule, on the 
strength of which he rented a piece of 
land and pitched a considerable crop. 
This land lay near a railway station, and 
for several months after he rented it, the 
local freight train passed there every day, 
exactly at noon, giving a shrill whistle as 
it passed, which served Elijah as a signal 
to unhitch the mule, and refresh both 
that animal and himself by dinner and 
an hour's rest. " Bless dat ole whistle," 
he would exclaim with a chuckle. " T'aint 
no use my havin' no watch nor clock ! 
Dat whistle tells me de time jest as good, 
and my ole mule got so much sense. He 
knows it jest as well as I do. He stop 
his work wheneber he hear dat whistle, 
and gin to look for his dinner." 

Things worked smoothly along till all 
of a sudden, the schedule was changed 
and the freight train commenced to pass 
at 9 o'clock in the forenoon. The instant 
its piercing whistle was heard, the mule 
stopped short in the middle of a furrow, 
shaking himself as if to get rid of his 
harness. 

"Gee up, ole fellow," called Elijah, 
coaxingly and encouragingly. "Get up 
and go on." But no, the mule, with that 
obstinacy characteristic of his tribe, took 
a firm stand and refused to budge. Hav- 
ing exhausted coaxing, Elijah next tried 
the persuasive power of a cudgel which 
he laid on with such heavy thwacks that 
the mule made a sudden bound, and 
dashed off, plow and all, not to complete 
the furrow, however, for he made a 
straight shoot for the stable where he 
was in the habit of being fed, and when 
at length, Elijah, pauting and exhausted, 



PIT GAMES 

RED NORSE and IRISH REDS. 

I have a fine lot of these Chickens for sale. 
April hatched, and well-grown. Cocke- 
rels $1.00, Pullets 75 cents each, 
1 Cockerel and 2 Pullets, $2.00. 

A. S CRAVEN, - Greenwood, Va. 



From Pure-Bred Fowls, Cheap. 

The Imperial Fruit, and Poultry Farm Is In 
a position to offer Eggs from pure bred B. P. 
Rocks and S. C. B. Legnorns at 50c. setting of 
15. Reference furnished. 

F. H. HEYDEWREICH. Prop., Staunton, Va. 



BROWN LEGHORNS 

(Single Comb) 

Well-bred and good layers. Fine farm" 
raised young stock for sale. Prices reasonable- 
Buy now and get the pick. 

R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia, Va. 

GRASSMERE STOCK FARM, Glen Allen, Va. 

TROTTING, SADDLE and 
HIGH STEPPING HORSES 

Educated, bought and soldoncoramlsion,and 
kept by the month or year. High-class POUL- 
TRY and BELGIAN HARES for sale at reasonable 
rates. Write for circulars ; no trouble to an- 
swer questions. Satisfaction guaranteed. 

CHANDLER QU1NTIN, Veterinarian, 
40 yrs. experience on the best stock farms In 
America. 



544 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



[September 



HEREFORDS. 



;=>*&. 



High-Class 

Animals 

Ready 
Service. 



BERKSHIRES. 

Young stock for sale at all times. 
Information and terms upon application. 

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield FARMS, 
BRIGGS, CLARKE CO., VA. 

ROLAND-CHINA 

Pigs, eligible to registration, 8 weeks 
old, S5.00. 

HEREFORDS. 

Grade calves, either sex, 825 .00. 

J. C. GRAVES, Barbonrsville, 

Orange County, Va. 

DORSETSMP 
HEREFORDS 

H. ARMSTRONG, ■ Lantz Mills, Va. 

DORSET HORNED SHEEP. 

I offer thoroughbred and high-grade 
RA > S of this most popular breed ; also 
300 grade EWES, suitable for raising 
hot-house or winter Lambs. Rams 
turned with them in May. 

SAM'L T. HENINGER, Burke's Garden, Va. 

WOODLAND FARM DORSETS. 

Virginia has a good many of our Dorsets, 
and we note our old customers writing for 
more. That's because we send out only good 
ones. 

Joseph E. and Willis 0. Wing, 

Mechanicsburg, Ohio. 




50 breeding ewes for sale; also 1 reg. 
Southdown Ram. None older than i 
years; % Shropshiredown, fine stock. 
Likewise, some Chinese and Toulouse 
Geese, fine birds. 

THOS. SHOOSMITH, 

Neck of land Farm. Jamestown, Va. 

ANGUS BULL CALVES 

Registered and unrecorded. Stock first- 
class, and breeding the best. 

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP 

First class yearling rams, and ewes of 
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale. 

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va. 



caught up with him, he had taken his 
stand, stolidly in the stall from which 
neither persuasion nor beating could dis- 
lodge him. After " wrastlin' " an hour 
with the stubborn brute, Elijah was 
forced to give in a feed him, as his strong 
will was not equal to the mule's strong 
" won't." By the time the mule had fin- 
ished eating, it was nearly eleven, and as 
Elijah's dinner would be ready at twelve, 
he hardly thought it worth while to re- 
turn to work before he had eaten himself, 
so altogether nearly four hours elapsed 
before both he and the mule were leady 
to resume work. The next day, the mule 
stopped again, when he heard the freight 
car whistle, and not another stroke of 
woik would he do till he had been fed 
and allowed to rest an hour, and every 
day the same thing happened, till Elijah 
grew to hate that freight car whistle as 
much as the vanquished Saxons had ever 
hated the Norman Curfew. He was in 
despair. His crop was getting behind 
time, and everything were thrown into 
perfect confusion and discomfort by the 
mule's obdurate course of conduct. Eli- 
jah went to the freight car conductor and 
made him a piteous appeal to return to 
the 12 o'clock schedule, declaring " You 
done broke me up, Boss, wid your nine 
o'clock whjstle. You done ruined me." 
But though the conductor sympathized 
with his woful plight, he assured him he 
was obliged to obey orders, and was pow- 
erless to change the schedule, so Elijah 
got small comfort from him. 

There was a negro in the neighborhood 
who had long had a hankering for Eli- 
jah's fine young mule. He thought now 
was his opportunity, and resolved to 
shyly take advantage of it. He lived a 
few miles back of the railroad, out of 
sound of the whist'e. With assumed 
carelessness, he dropped in, from time to 
time, and watched Elijah's harassment 
and perplexity. One day when the lat- 
ter was especially worried (having missed 
a good dinner of fat possum by being too 
much pressed with his work to stop both 
at nine and twelve o'clock) the wily ne- 
gro remarked, as if by a sudden inspira- 
tion, " I tell you what we mought do, 
brother Elijah, as you seem to be in such 
a bother." " What?" asked the old man, 
eagerly. " I mough t take your worrisome 
ole mule off your hands and let you have 
my sorrel horse." 

" Yes, but my mule is a heap younger 
and stronger dan your ole sorrel," replied 
Elijah, woefully. 

Dat may be so, brother 'Lijah. I ain't 
'sputin' your word, but what good does 
dat do you, if your mule got to stop work 
ebery mornin' at nine o'clock ? Now, my 
horse ain't got no foolishness 'bout de car 
whistle. You can take her out at 12 
o'clock, or any hour dat suits you, and 
she ain't gwine to resist you." The wily 
tempter kept reiterating his arguments 
till after many days, Elijah made the 
concession of saying " he would see about 
it," on the strength of which his friend 
came next morning, mounted on his Ro- 
sinante and in high hopes that he would 
be able t consummate the swap that 
very morning and carry the mule home 
with him, and so perchance he might 
have done had not the sacrifice been 
averted at the last moment by the lucky 



THOROUGHBRED 

O. I. CL PIGS 

FOR SALE. Prices Right. 

F. S. MICHIE, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. 

Fine Shropshire... 

Ram and Ewe Lambs for sale. Apply to 

ALVIN LEE HANSON. Grsyton, Chas. Co., Md. 

ESS DEVON BULL CAMS 

From beef and milk producing herds. 

W. E. THOMAS, Nassawadox, Va. 






JACKS 

FOR SALE. 

1 to 6 yrs. old. Fine Jacks a* 
specialty. Write for 
what you want. 
W E. KNIGHT & CO., 

Nashville, Tenn. 



$250 WILL BUY JACK, "STARLIGHT," 

As fine a Jack as there is in 
the State. 

Six year* old, 15 hands high, weighs about 
1 000 lbs., black, with white points, kind and 
gentle, broke to harness, an unusual sure foal 
getter, will pay for himself in one season. 

Satisfactory reasons for selling. 

J. W. and T. H. MASSEY, Hampton, Va- 




Address 



Some extra fine 
pigs, from $10 to 815 
per pair, and 2 to 4 
months old. All 
stock offerered for 
sale are eligible to- 
registry. Your or- 
ders solicited. 

L. G. JONES, BETHANIA. N. C. 



BERKSHIRE PIGS.. 

I have for sale 40 thoroughbred 
Berkshire Pigs, from 4 to 6 weeks 
old. These are fine pigs; will St 11 
in lots to suit. Prices cheap. 
Address 

H. SWINEFORD, - Richmond, Va. 
EAST RIVER SIDE 

SHORTHORNS. 

Choice bull and heifer calves for sale. 
Will make price very low for next 60 
days. 

JAMES P. CLEMMER, Summer-dean, Va- 

S.B.ADKINS&CO. 

-g. 4 and 6 Governor Street, 
* RICHMOND, VA. 

EXPERT BOOKBINDERS 

and Commercial Printers. 

Mention the Southtm Planter when 
writing advertisers. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



545 



chance of Elijah's landlord happening to 
ride by, and being called on by Elijah as 
referee in the swop. Seeing the old ne- 
gro's deep distress at the prospect of part- 
ing with his beloved though obdurate 
mule, the gentl. man good naturedly pro- 
posed a temporary swop of mules between 
Elijah and himself, o"ly to hold good till 
the crop was woundup in the autumn. 
With great joy and relief, Elijah accept- 
ed this obliging offer, while his friend 
slunk away, discomforted at having the 
chalice dashed from his lips. By hard 
labor Elijah managed to catch up with 
his work and save his crop from destruc- 
tion. As soon as he had gathered it in 
he joyfully resumed possession of his 
mule, and went off way into the interior 
of the country, far from the vexing sound 
of the car whistle. 



CHOATE'S COUNSEL. 

It seems always to have lain within 
the power of tbe distingushad lawyer 
and humorist, Rufua Choate, to lead a 
choleric client from ways of anger into 
the paths of peace. 

Just before the war a Southern gentle- 
man was dining with a friend in one of 
the best hotels of Boston. He was of 
French Creole extraction, and his name 
was Delacour. 

The waiter was a colored man, and the 
Southerner gave his orders in a very 
dominating fashion, finding fault jfreely 
with what was put before him and the 
way in which it was served. Finally 
the waiter became incensed and told Mr. 
Delacour to go to a place warm and re- 
mote. The latter sprang furiously to his 
feet and would have shot the offender 
dead if he had not been restrained by 
his wiser friend, who said : 

"You can't do that sort of thing here 
You will have to remember where you 
are." 

"Do you suppose that I am going to 
put up with such insolence and not be 
revenged ?" said ttie enraged man. 

"Certainly not. But do it by process of 
law." 

The landlord was first interviewed and 
the waiter discharged. That was not 
sufficient to satisfy the wouoded feelings 
of Mr. Delacour. He asked who was the 
best lawyer in the city, and was told it 
was Rufus Choate. Making his way to 
his office, he said : 

"Mr. Choate, I want to engage you in 
a case. What will your retaining fee 

"About fifty dollars." 

The check was made out and handed 
over. 

"Now," said the lawyer, "what are the 
facts in the case?" 

He was told. Said Mr. Choate thought- 
fully : 

"I know the United States law on the 
subject well, and I know the law of the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and 
I can assure you, sir, that there ia no 
power on earth strong enough to force 
you to go to that place if you don't want 
to go. And if I were you I wouldn't." 

"Well," said the Southerner, accepting 
the situation, "I think I'll take your ad- 
vice," and they parted good friends — 
Harriet Boyer, in September Lippincott's. 



RipDley's 




Compressed Air 



I Cotton & Tobacco dprflyCr 

Finest Sprayer ever invented for spraying cotton and tobacco, trees, 
and whitewashing buildings, etc. Tested to 60 lbs. pressure. Has a 
safety valve. Can't burst. One minute's pumping will discharge 
contents of Sprayer in the form of a mist, covering every 
j) part of the foliage. Made of Galvanized Iron and Copper. Has a 
brass cylinder pump. Prices— 5-gal. Galvanized, $5.50; 
4-gallOD Galvanized, $5.00; 5-gallon Copper, $8.00; 4-jrallon 
Copper, $7.00 ; special pipe and nozzle for spraying under- 
ith cotton, tobacco and shrubbery, 70c. 
Agents and Dealers Wanted to Sell the Sprayers. 
„ Write for Catalogue and Discounts. 

RIPPLEY HARDWARE COMPANY. 

Manufacturer of Sprayers and Spraying Mixtures, 

i Box 70, Grafton, Ills. 



Registered HOLSTBIN-FRIBSIAN 

Cattle of NET HE RL AND, DEKOL, CLOTH ILDE and PIETERTJE fam- 
ilies. Heavy milkers and rich in butter-fat. Stock of all ages for sale. 

Registered BERKSHIRES. 

From the noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord Highclerc and Sunrise. 
PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS. 

N. B.— in the Stud : The Imported Hackney Stallion, " The Duke," regis- 
tered in E. H. S. B. and A. H. S. B. Address 

T O. SANDY, Barkeville, Virginia. 

Norfolk and Western and Southern R. R. 



»V^^^ ^ *S*A^ 



DEVON COWS.... 



Ten young DEVON COWS, thoroughbreds and high-grades with Calves 
by their tides. Want to sell them during this month. Can be seen if day's 
notice is given. Also JERSEY CATTLE and several YOUNG GUERNSEY 
BULLS. BERKSHIRE PIGS not akin. Several young BOARS ready for 
service. 

M. B. ROWE & CO., Fredericksburg, Va. 



LET HE HAVE YOUR ORDERS FROHPTLY FOR FALL SHlPflENT OF 

BERKSHIRES 






Imported SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE 
SAM have become so famous that their 
pigs are often booked before birth. My 
supply did not meet the demand by one- 
third the past season. 

A nice lot of Pure Blood BROWN LEG- 
HORNS for sale cheap; aho Pure Blood 
ENGLISH SETTER PUPS at home made 
price — snow-whites and white and tans. 



THOS. S. WHITE, 



Lexington, Ta. 



BALE YOUR OWN HAY, 

Little Giant Hay Press Co., Dallas, Tex. 



Finishes a perfect bale of standard size, either 
light or heavy. Write for descriptive circulars 



Millet, Sorghum, Pea Vines, etc., 
with a tITTLE GIANT, the only 
perfected high capacity hand 
power PRESS on the market. 



546 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[September 



WHERE HE MADE HIS MISTAKE' 

One of the store windows down town 
displays an elaborate set of furniture of a 
style and arrangement that would be suit- 
able either for a wedding-chamber or the 
sleeping-room of a wealthy bachelor. On 
a soft Turkish rug stands a richly- carved 
bedstead with a bed upon it seemingly 
ready for use, several fragile chairs with 
gilt frames, a big lounging chair, and a 
handsome dressing-case with a lofty mir- 
ror. Scattered aoout in picturesque con- 
fusion are many dainty bits of bric-a- 
brac. 

A motley crowd stood in front of the 
window the other night, gazing admiring- 
ly at this picture of comfort. In the cen- 
ter of the crowd stood a big man with 
long flowing side whiskers. He was talk- 
ing in a loud voice to a modest-appearng 
woman who clung to his arm. 

" It's wonderful how they get up things 
nowadays," the man was saying. " Why, 
when I was a boy no one would ever 
think of chipping out grooves and hol- 
lows in a good solid piece of walnut like 
that bedstead there, and nobody would 
dare to put gilt on a chair for fear of ruin- 
ing his friend's clothes. And just look at 
the images ! Them's downright deceitful. 
Anybody can tell that the cat over there 
wasn't real. Everything about her's so 
natural except her tail, which is too short. 
Nobody ever seen a regular live cat with 
a tail like that. It's honest to have it 
that way, though, for it shows the firm's 
trying to do business on the square basis, 
and atn't trying to deceive no one — ." 

The big man's discourse came to a sud- 
den end, for the cat rose to its feet, 
stretched itself lazily, and walked away. 

Dissolve half a pound of the best glue 
in a teacupful and a half of water, add a 
teacupful of moderately strong vinegar 
and mix thoroughly. Keep in the dark 
and closely sealed, and it can be used 
without warming, unless in the coldest 
weather. 

To make waterproof glue, soak it in 
water until softened through, but pre- 
serve the shape. Heat slowly in linseed 
oil until dissolved, then mix thoroughly. 
To make fire-proof glue, pour water over 
good glue and let it remain over night, 
then slowly melt and add white lead to 
make the right consistency. This will 
withstand fire but not boiling water: To 
fasten labels to tin, take a good yellow 
glue, break it into small pieces, cover with 
water and leave three or four hours, 
pour off the water, place the glue in a 
wide-mouthed bottle or pint can, and 
cover with acetic acid. Set in warm wa- 
ter until dissolved, and incorporate the 
two by stirring. 

On another page of this issue of our 
paper will be found the advertisement of 
Heebner & Sons, of Lansdale, Pa. As 
will be observed by the advertisement 
itself, these people are manufacturers of 
Threshing Machines and Tread-Powers. 
This does not, however, embrace their 
entire line of goods as they also manu- 
facture the Union Feed and Ensilage 
Cutters, Feed Grinders, Peanut Pickers, 
etc. Heebner & Sons are not unknown 
to our readers, as they have advertised 
with us each season for many years. 





T 



* 



QEERINC IDEAL CORN BINDER! DEERIHDHUSKERS 5 SHREDDERS ft! 




THE IDEAL LINE" 
DtERING CORN MACHINES 



ARil MONEY MAKERS 
DEE RING HARVE STER COMPANY CHlCAGCkU.S.A. 

•'•■■:■.' WORUtAS GREATEST D|ANUFAGTURERS,OF 

.GRASS, GRAIN AND CORN HARVESTERS! i 
- sJ SHREDDERS C~ TWINE. 



St. LAMBERT JERSEYS 

We have for sale a number of YOUNG BULLS from cows with butter tests rang- 
ing from 16 to 24 lbs. per week, and yielding from 5 to 6 gallons of milk per day. 

We have more high testing ST. LAMBERT COWS than can be found in any herd 
in the United States or Canada. 

INDIAN GAME FOWLS 

We have also for sale a choice lot of INDIAN GAME CHICKENS— male and 
female. Also some choice WHITE WYANDOTTE COCKERELS. The Indian 
Game and White Wyandottes are the best general purpose fowls. 

BOMMONT FHRMS, Srlbk, Mn. 



POLAND 



CHINAS. 




TECUMSEH G, 49283. 

I have a limited number of pigs by my fine boars, " TECUMSEH G," 49283, and 
"MONARCH," 48705, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously pur- 
chased. Young boars and sows of all ages. Send to headquarters and get the best 
from the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half Western 
prices. Address J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va. 



When corresponding with advertisers, always mention 
The Southern Planter. 



MM 



■■ 



1902.J 



THE SOUTHEBN PLAUTBB. 



547 



There are very few firms in any kind of 
business in this country to day who have 
been at it longer than this one. They 
have been working along their chosen 
lines for more than sixty years, and it is 
very much to their credit to state that 
the Heebner goods are more popular to- 
day than ever before. Wherever they 
are known they are accepted as the syn- 
onym of superiority and honesty both as 
to design and material and also as to 
working ability. Write for their new 
catalogue and kindly mention this paper. 

LITTLE GIANT HAY PRESS. 

A novel device and one of evident 
merit, which is winning its way to the 
front with great strides, is the Little 
Giant Hand Hay Baler, manufactured 
by the Little Giant Press Co., of Dallas, 
Texas. 

For years implement builders have 
given their thought, time and experi- 
ments to the designing and constructing 
of a practical and inexpensive appliance 
for the baling of hay and other kindred 
material. Thousands of tons of hay are 
lost to the farmer annually, because he 
feels that he cannot afford to purchase 
a high-priced power press. The Little 
Giant was designed to overcome this dif- 
ficulty, and is pronounced by its scores of 
friends as a complete success. The firm 
will mail free of charge an exhaustively 
illustrated catalogue to interested in- 
quirers. 



AN OLD MAID. 

In the suburbs of Madison, Wiscon- 
sin — if that charming little city may be 
said to have suburbs — dwells Aunt 
Pitcah Ann. She is a thrifty old soul 
who, when her cabin needed repairs re- 
cently, was well able to hire a fellow- 
African to mend it. In the course of his 
labors this dusky carpenter noticed that 
there were several children playing 
about. 

"Whose chillun is dose?" he asked. 

"Dem's mah chillun," replied Aunt 
Pitcah with pride. 

"Is dat so ? Whey's yo' husban' ?" 

"Why, now, I tell yo'. I ain' got no 
husban'. I says to mahse'f, I does, a 
long time ago, I says I do' wan' no hus- 
ban's in mine. No, sah. When yo' got 
a husban' he always wan's tuh be a-med- 
dlin' in the bringin' up the chilluns, an' 
w'at good is he, anyhow? Yo' answer 
me dat. He ain' no good — only fer me 
tuh suppo't. No, suh, I don' wan' no 
husban's in mine. I'se an ol' maid. Dat's 
what I is. — John Swain, in the September 
IAppincolt's. 

Mention the Southern Planter when cor- 
responding with advertisers. 



COLLIE PUPS! 

By prize- winning imported sires and trained 
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm. 
Price, $10, either sex. Also a book on the care 
and training of the Collie for all practical uses. 
Price, 50c. Copy of book free to purchaser oi 
Collie. 

Stock Farm, "MAPLEMONT," Albany, Ver. 



GREAT JOINT PUBLIC SALE OF 

SHORTHORNS, 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS and 

HEREFORD CATTLE 

At the Annual Fair of the S. W. Va. Ag'l and 
Live Stock Association at 

Radford, Va., October 14th, 1902. 



Messrs. W. W. Bentley and J. T. Cowan will contribute about 30 
head of Shorthorns. Mr. J. R. K. Bell will offer about 12 Aberdeen- 
Angus. Mr. H. L. Morgan will have a nice bunch of Herefords. 
(Other breeders will also contribute to this sale, but at this date, 22d, 
cannot say what number). 

The quality of this Stock will be unsurpassed ; all young and 
splendid individuals, and from the best breeders in S. W. Va. Par- 
ties desiring something very choice cannot afford to miss this sale. 

Catalogue ready about October 1st. Send your name NOW for it. 
address W. W. BENTLEY, Pulaski City, Va. 




HEREFORD CATTXE.— Calves, entitled to registration, $75 to 8100. Grade Calves by "Blr 

Edward" 825 to $40. ' 



Buck Lambs, July de- 
Pigs, two or three months old, $7.50. 



SHROPSHIRE SHEEP — Bucks, one year old and over, 815 to 820. 

livery, $10. and 812. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, 88. and $10. 
POLAND-CHINA HOGS.— Pigs, six weeks old, $5. 

Pigs, five months and over, $15 to $20. 
M. BRONZE TURK«TS.- Toms, $4. Hens, 83. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when in season, $4. 
MC8COTT orCKS — Pure White Drakes, $1.25. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs, 82.25; trios, S3 
BARBED PLTJHOTJTH ROCKS. 
ROUEN GEESE — Ganders, $2.50. Geese, $2.50. Eggs, per sitting, $3.00 

WILLIAM L, Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, will serve a limited number of marea tor 
$25 the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month. 



548 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September 



REPORTS. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. Public Road Enqui- 
ries. Bulletin 32. Proceedings of 
the Third Annual Good Roads 
Convention of the State of New 
York. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 157. The Propa- 
gation of Plants. 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 158. How to 
Build Small Irrigation Ditches. 

California Experiment Station, Berkley, 
Cal. Report of Work of the Agri 
cultural Experiment Station of Cal- 
ifornia for the years 1898-1901. 
Bulletin No. 141. Experiments with 
Deciduous Plants. 

Cornell Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. 
Y. Bulletin 203. The Care and 
Handling of Milk. 

Delaware Experiment Station, Newark, 
Del. Bulletin 56. Some Destruc- 
tive Caterpillars. 
Bulletin 57. Sundry Notes on Plant 
Diseases. 

Illinois Experiment Station, TJrbana, 111. 

Bulletin 73. Comparison of Silage 

and Shock Corn for Wintering 

Calves for Beef Production. 

Bulletin 74. Standard Milk and Cream. 

Bulletin 75. Standardization of Milk 

and Cream. 
Bulletin 77. Bitter Rot of Apples. 

Kansas Experiment Station, Manhattan, 
Kan. Bulletin 100. Grapes. 

Maine Experiment Station, Orono, Me. 
Bulletin 84. Cereal Breakfast Foods 

Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Agricultural College 
Quarterly. 

New Mexico Experiment Station, Mesila 

Park N. M. Twelfth Annual Register. 

Rhode Island Experiment Station, King- 
ston, R. I. Bulletin 85. Analyses 
of Commercial Fertilizers. 

South Carolina Experiment Station.Clem- 
son College, S. C. Bulletin 72. 
Texas Fever. 
Bulletin 73. Analyses of Commercial 
Fertilizers. 

Virginia Department of* Agriculture, Rich" 
" mond, Va. Bulletin No. 10. Anal 
yses of Fertilizers. 

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, Va. 
Report for July. 

Wyoming Experiment Station, Laramie, 
Wyo. Bulletin 51. Sheep Feeding 
on the Range. Lamb Feeding. 

Bulletin 52. Experiment on Evapora- 
tion. 

Bulletin 53. The Measurement of Wa- 
ter for Irrigation. 

West Indian Bulletin. The Agricultural 
Department of the West Indies. 
Vol. 3, No. 2. 

Condensed Report of the Annual Meeting 
of the Holstein-Friestan Associa- 
tion of America, F. L. Houghton, 
Secretary, Putney, Vt. 
First Annual Report of the Illinois 
Corn Growers Association, Cham- 
paign, 111. 

To make cows pay, use Sharpies Cream Separators. 
Book "Business Dairying " & Cat. 305 free. W. 
Chester, Pa. 




BACON HALL FARM. 




"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale. 

E. M. GILLET & SON, Verona, Balto. Co., Md. 



HEREFORD CATTLE.... 

FOR SALE : Bulls, Cows in Calf, Bull Calves, Heifer Calves* 

PRICES RIGHT. SEE JUNE NUMBER. 

""■"»" BOOCOCK, Keswick, Va. 




Registered Herefords 

YOUNG BULLS AND HEIFERS 
NOT AKIN FOR SALE BY 

ST0NEHURST FRUIT & STOCK FARM, 
Union Mills, Virginia. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



549 



BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmore. N. C. 

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, 

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD, jt j> > 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show ring. 

SPECIAL TY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed- 
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many of these 
calves are fit to show and win in any company. 






BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. 






SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 

apply to BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore. n. C. 



The most popular Machine in use for Grain Threshing and Peanut Picking are the 

HEEBNER'S. 
LITTLE GIANT *»» 
PENNSYLVANIA. 

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1902. 
They are built in first class manner, and are strong and dur- 
able. We guarantee them to do the work satisfactorily. 

We will mail descriptive catalogue and testimonials, and 
quote prices on application. 

TRACTION ENGINES, PORTABLE ENGINES, 
STATIONARY ENGINES, GASOLINE ENGINES. 

SAW MILLS, Capacity 2,000 to 25,000 ft. per day. 
FARMER'S $125 SAW MILL, PLANERS, SHINGLE, 

Cuts 2000 feet of lumber per day with only LATH & CORN MILLS 

RUBBER BELTING, 
LEATHER BELTING, 
ENGINE TRIMMINGS, 
IRON PIPE, VALVES, 
MILL SUPPLIES. 

STRATTON & BRAGG, 20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. 






550 



THE 80UTHEBN PLAJSTTEB. 



I September 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 
Poultry Architecture. Compiled oy G. 

B. Fiske. 130 pages. To meet the con- 
stantly increasing demand for informa- 
tion about the construction of inexpen- 
sive poultry houses, the author has com- 
piled this book ; his chief aim having 
been to give designs of sufficient variety 
to suit conditions everywhere. These 
plans have been carefully selected from 
a much larger number, and only those 
are given which are in successful use and 
which are adapted to the needs of practi- 
cal poultry keepers. Published by Orange 
Judd Co., New York. Price, 50 cents. 

Standard Perfection Poultry Book. By 

C. C. Shoemaker. A standark work on 
poultiy, ducks and geese, containing a 
description of all the varieties, with in- 
structions as to their disease, breeding 
and care, incubators, brooders, etc. Pub- 
lished by Fred. J. Drake & Co., Chicago. 
Price, 50 cents. 

These two books should be in the hands 
of every poultry keeper. We can supply 
them at the prices quoted. 

The Business of Farming in Virginia. 
A Study of some of our Agricultural Re- 
sources, by Dr. Paul Scherer, issued by 
the Norfolk and Western Railway Com- 
pany, Roanoke, Va. This is a useful lit- 
tle pamphlet for those seeking to know 
more about the State of Virginia. It will 
be sent on application. 

CATALOGUES. 

The Nursery & Seed Co., Charleston, 
W. Va. Price list of fruit and ornamental 
trees, small fruits, etc. 

Angora goats. Jos. M. Neil, Charleston, 
W. Va. 

American Seeds. Pinehurst Nurseries, 
Pinehurst, N. C. 



PREMIUM LISTS. 

South Carolina State Fair, Colum- 
bia, S. C. Premium list of the Thir- 
ty-fourth Annual Fair, October 28th to 
31st, 1902. 

Kentucky State Fair, Louisville, Ky. 
Premium list of the First Annual Fair, 
September, 22-27, 1902. 

CENSUS BULLETINS. 

No. 218. Agriculture. Wisconsin. 

219. Agriculture. Ohio. 

220. Agriculture. Kentucky. 

221. Manufactures. Boots and Shoes 

222. Agriculture. Utah. 

223. Agriculture. Virginia. 

224. Agriculture. Missouri. 

225. Agriculture. Mississippi. 

226. Agriculture. Tennessee. 

227. Agriculture. Louisiana. 

228. Manufactures. Glass Manufac- 

ture. 

229. Agriculture. Texas. 

230. Agriculture. Oklahoma. 

231. Agriculture. Washington. 

232. Agriculture. South Carolina. 

233. Manufactures. Manufacture of 

Clothing. 

234. Agriculture. South Dakota. 

235. Agriculture. Wyoming. 

236. Manufactures. Wool Manufac- 

ture. 
238. Manufactures. Musical Instru- 
ments and Materials. 



SAVES ITS COST 



It spreads all kinds of manure, lime, 
salt, ashes, compost, etc., either 
broadcast or in rows. Does It better 
than it can Possibly be done by hand. 



ON THE FIRST CROP. 



Do you know of any other piece of ma- 
chinery for use on the farm of which this 
can be truly said? ."- , •*ft*^£»'**»>«v:~s. 










/<J\1<V 



The Improved 

Kemp Manure Spreader 



not only makes easy work of getting out the manure, but by the way in which it breaks it up and makes it fine, it more than 
trebles the value of the same. It will break up and spread evenly, manure that cannot be handled with a fork. It doesn't 
matter how hard, lumpy, caked, strawy, or stalky the manure is, this machine will spread it. It makes fine, well rotted 
manure go a long ways in top dressing wheat in the spring, meadow lands, pasture, etc. Being mounted on broad faced 
wheels, it can be handled on any kind of ground without serious cutting in or rutting. Can spread back and forth, as 
front wheels turn entirely under. Can be turned on the ground it stands on. 1902 machine has our new Beater- 
Freelne Device, Apron-Returning Device and numerous other improvements. Send for latest catalogue (free) 
and read about these and other advantages and also about "How to Grow Big Crops." 

Kemember that the only original and genuine Kemp Manure Spreader Is the one made by oar- 
^^^__KEMP_&RV^PKKyi_FG.CO. r Box 28. SYRACUSE. N. Y. 



CISMONT DORSETS.. 



^\ 



CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



Prices reasonable. 



G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Go., Va. 



hup i 1 mmm i 1 Miuflr-*T?ir s ^ e *-^T^ , fr--T"f^ 



THE 
OAKS. 



6 SHORTHORN BULL CALVES, 



(Eligible to registry) FOR SALE ; Also 4 Grades. 

100 high-grade SHROPSHIRE EWES ; good ones, and some of them bred. 

offered a better lot of stock. 



I never 



B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. 



URY FARM 

BREEDER OF 



HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN Cattle. 



Royally Bred and Individually as Good as their Breeding. 
OFFERINGS FOR THIS MONTH —15 young bulls, from 1 to 18 mos. old. Service bulls 



TJry 



Alwina Count Paul DeKol 23206, Count DeKol Mechthilde 22942, DeKol 2d Butter Boy 3d, No, X 
29299, Parties desiring fine, young bulls by above sires and from elegantly bred dams, would 
do well to write us. 

Thos. Fassitt <&. Sons, sylmar. md. 



Save Time, Labor and Money b po ^ i ou , a fi { h r , e y s o h ur 9 ow„ d 

This No* 8 Pennsylvania Threther and Cleaner and Boiler Bearing 
Level Tread Power is the best individual outfit forthreshing rye, barley, 

Oitg, flax ,rlco, alfalfa, millet, aorgtium, tiniothr, etc. Will thresh and clean 100 to 160 
busbeli of wheat per day. Also made Id two and three hone sizes. Power can be used 
for cutting ensilage and dry feed, shelling all kinds of grain, to run the saw, green bone 
outter, pump water, oeparate oream, churn, ©to. Also make lever powers, Feed andEn~ 
allagcCutteT8,GrinderB,8awfl,etc., Heebner A Sr>nB,25 Broad St.,Lanar.ale,Pa. 




1962.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



551 



WHAT THEY TALKED ABOUT. 

"I was at luncheon the other day," 
said a North Side woman, " where the 
hostess was a graduate of Smith College, 
three of the guests were graduates of 
Wellesley, two went through Vassar, two 
had been Bryn Mawr girls, and the other 
ladies present were graduates of North- 
western, the University of Chicago and 
Wells, respectively." 

" Well," one of her hearers said, " it 
must have been very interesting. How 
I wish I could have been there. What 
did you talk about?" 

" Let me see. Oh, yes. About how 
hard it is to keep help."— Chicago Record- 
Herald. 



SENATOR TILMANS TAR. 

A friend of Senator Tilman was in- 
quiring about the politics of the Tilman 
familv. 

" We are all Democrats," asserted the 
Senator, enumerating his relatives, " all 
tarred with the same stick." 

" Ah," observed the caustic inquirer ; 
"but, Senator, didn't you get a little 
more tar than the others?" — New York 
Times. 



Mention th3 Southern Planter when 
writing advertisers. 



PEAS ARE AS GOOD AS GOLD THIS YEAR, 

OUR LIFTER 



Will harvest them for 
one-tenth of what 
it costs by hand. 



Write 

for 

Particulars. 




THE VINE AND ROOT MACHINERY COMPANY, Port Huron, Michigan. 

Manufacturers of Pea, Bean, Beet and Chicory Farm Tools, and 
«• THE MEAD *• Full Circle, 2-Stroke Hay Press. 



The Newest and Latest CORN HARVESTER 



Cuts and binds on hill 
sides as well as on level 
ground. New conveyor 
chain ; direct draft ; posi- 
tive elevation, perfect 
balance. 



Elevates and binds corn 
in its natural, upright posi- 
tion. Ahead of all others. 




40-inch wheel. 

Cuts anywhere from 4 to 14 inches above ground. 
Binds anywhere trom 23 to 34 inches above the butts. 

WALTER A. WOOD, M. and R. M. Co., Southern Office, 1422 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



552 



THE SOUTHERN PLA2TTER. 



[September 



MAKING EXPENSES. 

When Edward Payson Hammond, the 
great revivalist, passed through Illinois 
in the late sixties he did not neglect Gales- 
burg; he felt that Galesburg generally 
needed him, and that Ox-Horns Marshall 
needed him in particular. 

A crown of glory awaited any revivalist 
who could win to the heavenly way John 
Marshall, the Galesburg tailor, whose 
store sign was a pair of huge, wide-curved 
horns, arching above his door. No one 
in Galesburg who knew of Marshall and 
his record put any faith in the old saw 
that it takes nine tailors to make a man. 
It was generally conceded that Ox-Horns 
Marshall, when he was properly loaded 
and carefully aimed in the direction of 
serious trouble, could attend to any nine 
men of the vicinity, near or remote. The 
ox-horns, which were -lis crudely impro- 
vised heraldic device, were acknowledged 
to be no more than justly typical of his 
strength and of his prowess in such bick- 
erings as the Illinois of that clamorous 
day provided. 

With Hammond, religion came to Gales- 
burg. And, as it came to Galesburg with 
its wrath and its repentance, it came to 
Ox-Horns Marshall. 

He reformed. 

Galesburg, dazed at first, at last accept 
ed the> wonder of his reformation ; but it 
hastened its evening meal in order to go 
to church and gaze with awe upon this 
child of evil from whom the blackness 
had been washed out. The glory of hit 
amendment spread in undiminished radi- 
ance from town to town, and travelling 
salesmen— roystering friends of his in the 
unregenerate days — attended the revival 
meetings in order to see Ox-Horns Mar- 
shall bow that terrifying front of his in 
earnest, humble prayer. 

There were four of them in the rear ol 
the sacred edifice, one night, when the re 
formed one felt the time had come for 
him to play a Christian's part. He walk- 
ed forward, seized the plate, and began 
to take up the collection. He did not see 
his friends of sin until he came directly 
to their pew ; he was suffering from the 
stage fright which seizes every man to 
whom that solemn plate is first intro- 1 
duced with all its stern responsibilities. | 
Their presence took him by surprise. 
But his courage rose with ihe emergency. 

" Chip in, boys !" he whispered hoarse- 
ly. "Salvation's free. But oh, dear friends, 
remember, it costs like h — 1 to run a 
Methodist church!" — LippincoU's Maga- 
zine for August. 

APPLE CATSUP. 
Pare and core J bushel ripe sour apples. 
Cook in sufficient water to prevent burn- 
ing, using porcelain or granite vessels. 
When cooked, rub through a colander 
and return to the fire, adding 4 oz. salt, 3 
oz. black pepper, 1 oz. cinnamon, J oz. 
ground cloves, 1 dram cayenne pepper, 1 
teacup sugar, J gallon vinegar. Let boil 
five minutes, and seal or bottle in stone 
or glass. This is original, and is our fa- 
vorite catsup. The flavoring may be va- 
ried. 



" If you say ' please,' I'll give you a 
piece of pie." "An' if I say it twice, 
auntie, will y' give me two pieces f" 



Your money back 

if you are not satisfied 

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid in full, and the 
proud reputation of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an offer and not carry 
it out to the letter? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chances 
of still greater success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi- 
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ? 

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes 
direct from our distillery to you, with all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED 
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving 
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why 
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of a 
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it. 

Direct from our distillery to YOU 

Saves Dealers' Profits ! Prevents Adulteration ! 

HAYNER WHISKEY 



4 



PURE SEVEN -YEAR -OLD RYE 



FULL $ 
QUARTS 




JO EXPRESS 
PREPAID 



We will send you FOUR PULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive 
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever 
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our 
expense and your $3.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could 
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense, if 
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We 
ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside. 

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex., Ore., Utah, Wash, 
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for 84.00 by Express 
Prepaid or 20 Quarts for $16.00 by Freight Prepaid. 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY 

DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL, MINN. 

24 Distillery, Tbot, O. Established 1866. 




CHARTERED 1870. 



Merchants National Bank 



OF RICHMOND, VA. 

Designated Depository of the United States, City of 
Richmond and Commonwealth of Virginia. 
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore 
and New Orleans, this Bank offers superior facilities for 
direct and quick collections. 



JNO. P. BRANCH, 

President. 



JNO. K. BRANCH. 

Vice-President. 



Capital Stock, taoo.oos.oo 

Surplus and Profits, $531 ,000,00 



JOHN F. GLENN, 

Cashier. 



Directors.— John P. Branch, B. B. Munford, Chas. S. Strlngfellow, Thos. B. Scott, B. W. 
Branch, Fred. W. Scott, Jas. H. Dooley, Jno. K. Branch, A. S. Boford, R. O. Morton. Andrew 
PiMini. Jr.. J. P. George, Alex. Hamilton, Sam'l. T. Morgan. 



HEERNER'S "UNION" FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS 

■ ■^^■■■•■^■■■■M ** are the unly thoroughly up-to-date machines ia dry fodder cutting. They cut 
and crush at one operation. Prepares tbe nutritlouslower stoek, making an excellent and much relished food, N« 
waste. Easy to masticate. Itis easier to grow two tons of fodder than one ton of hay on th< 
•ameground. Fodder is equal to hay In feeding value. Tho corn itself is clear gain. Shr-,1- 
ning attachmen tfor $5.<>0, You then have cutter, crusher and shredder combined In one 
Not much more expensive than other machines, but for more valuable. Send for Jree booklet 



IIEEBNER A SONS, S5 Broad St.. Lansdale, Pa. 




1M2.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



553 



llL5irBJt51 Rj[^[5na[^ [5 p[Fp[5Ug]L51 faJl51[aJ [5T ia[^lSi gL51 fHJl^[5T ra[5na[^[ ^[^[5nBll^ 

15 



P 

151 



1 



1 



Our Price=List 

Of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Small Fruit 
Plants, Roses, Shrubs, etc , etc., for the Fall of 
1902 is now ready. The assortment we offer is 
one of the most complete in America, and consists 
only of the reliable and tested varieties. OUR 
PRICES are reasonable, consistent with pro- 
ducts of the HIGHEST QUALITY. A copy of 
this list, and our general catalogue, will be sent 
FREE for the asking. 

Turnips, Spinach, Kale, 

And everything in Seeds. 

Bee Keepers Supplies, 
Fertilizers 

For any and every purpose. 

Write us for anything you may need, our 
prices will be interesting. 

THE NURSERY & SEED CO., 

Charleston, W. Va. 



5 

5 
s 

5 

51 

a 
5 
a 

5 
a 

5 
a 
5 
a 
5 
a 
5 
a 
5 
a 

51 

I 

15 

a 
5 
a 
5 
a 
5 
la 



ANGORA GOATS. 



They are brush extermi- 
nators. Fleece more valu- 
able than wool. If you 
have brush-land you can- 
not afford to clear it except 
by the Angora Goat. The 
demand for the flesh and 
fleece is great and is still 
growing. You will find a 
flock of these animals a 
profitable investment. I 
can supply you with reg- 
istered and unregistered 
stock, in pairs, trios, or any 
quanity from one to a car- 
load. Lowest prices quan- 
tity considered. Write me, 

JOS. M. NEIL, Charleston, W. Wa. 



101 

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liih iaEiiaEirEHsifaEifai^ 



Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and cir- 
culars prepared. Special attention given registration 
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses 

..BY.. 

W. J_ CARTER (Broad Rock), 

P. O. Box 929, RICHilOND, VA. 

Correspondent of 

Richmond Times, Richmond, Va. 

Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. 

Spirit of the Times, New York. 

Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky, 
REFERENCES.— Mr. A. B. Gwathmey, Cotton Exchange, New 
York : Mr. W. N. Winner, of Wilmer & Canfleld, Lawyers, 49 wall St 
New York ; Col. K. M. Murchison, Banker, Wilmington, N. C; Mr. L 
Banks Holt, Proprietor Oneida Cotton Mills and Alamance Farm, Gra- 
ham, N. C; Col. B. Cameron, Fairntosh Stud Farm, Stag 
ville, N. C; MaJ. P. P. Johnson, President National Trotting Associa- 
tion. Lexinfton, Ky.; Mr. Thos. N. Carter. President Metropolitan 
Bank, Richmond, Va.; Mr. Jas. Cox, Belgravia Stock Farm, Mt. Jack- 
son, Va. ; Capt. John L. Roper, Foxhall Stock Farm, Norfolk, Va. ; 
Capt. R. J. Hancock, Ellerslie Stud Farm, Charlottesville, Va. ; Sam'i 
Walton, Walton Farm, Falls Mills, Va. 

1902. STALLIONS AT 1902. 

GLENCOE STOCK FARM. 



GOLDEN DENMARK, A grand looking, chestnut 
horse, registered in American Saddle-Horse Registry. 

ABD. EL KADER, J R., Chestnut horse, by Abd. 
El Kader, dam by Senator. This horse sires high-class Hunt- 
ers, Jumpers and Steeplechasers. 

For terms, address 

J. B. McCOMB & BRO., Somerset, Va. 

N. B.— Hunters, Jumpers and Gaited Sad die-Horses for sale. 



SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION, 

OCTOBER 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 1902. 

$7,000 IN PRIZES. Entries Close Sept. 27. 



J. T. ANDERSON, Pres., 
C. W. SMITH, Manager, 



W. O. WARTHEN, Sec, 
Richmond, Va., 



AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO., 

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RICHMOND, VA. 

Building Carriages to order is our special business. 

Repairing and Repainting done, and best 

material used. A full line of all 

the latest styles. 



R. H. RICHARDSON, 

DEALER IN 

FINE HARNESS, SADDLE and 
STABLE SUPPLIES, 

1106 Hull Street, - |MANCH ESTER, VA. 



554 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September 



PLANTAIN FOR POISON IVY 

As the season of poison ivy returns, I 
am reminded of some of the remedies of- 
fered last year through your paper. I 
have tried them all, and some more be- 
sides. The only external application that 
gave any permanent relief in my case was 
sweet spirits of nitre. 

Now after nearly 40 years, experience 
with the plague, let me say that an ounce 
of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 
My remedy is so simple that I find it dif- 
ficult to induce people to try it. It is to 
make use of plantain, the wide-leaved 
kind, very common in these parts. I do 
not know the botanical name. It can be 
steeped and the juice drank, or in my 
case when I came to a nice fresh leaf I 
would pick it, chew it, and swallow the 
juice. I have never known a case in 
which it has been faithfully tried to fail to 
give relief; that is, it acts on the system so 
that one can work in the ivy without 
danger of getting poisoned. I can mow 
in it with shoes and no stockings on, 
with no evil results. I have seen those 
who could eat it and not be affected at all. 

I will give some cases to prove my state 
ments. My father could not go near this 
ivy without getting poisoned. Every 
year after haying he would have a reg- 
ular time with boils and abscesses to 
get it out of his blood. About 30 years 
ago he heard of the use of plantain. He 
has not been poisoned to speak of since, 
although working in it every year. 

My wife was one of the worst cases I 
ever knew. If she went out after berries, 
she was sure to be poisoned. It would 
come out all over her body and make her 
nearly crazy. She tried every known out- 
ward application without relief. It was 
two years before I could induce her to 
make a thorough trial of plantain. At last 
she steeped the leaves and took it regu 
larly for a month or more, and for the paBt 
14 years has not been poisoned at all. A 
new man in the neighborhood said it was 
worth $10 to him last year. Other cases 
might be cited, but these are some of the 
worst. I have not heard a case that 
plantain did not help after a fair trial. I 
sometimes chew a little plantain, usually 
before breakfast. I have not been pois- 
oned for 30 years, only slightly when I 
get the inky-black juice on my bare skin. 

Franklin County, Mass. C. S. HALE. 



WHERE THE FUN COMES IN. 

" Oh, yes," said the young housekeeper, 
"I keep a complete set of household- 
account books, and it's more fun than a 
little." 

" Fun !" ejaculated the neighbor. 

•' Yes, indeed. I enjoy it so much." 

" Enjoy what ?" 

"Why, watching my husband trying 
to straighten them out for me, of course. 
I get him to do it about once a week." — 
Brooklyn Eagle. 

UNNECESSARY EFFORTS. 

Keegan : " Old man Rafferty near had 
a fit whin he heard his darter an' young 
Rooney had bin married fer six months." 

Regan : " Cu'd yez blame him ? There 
he'd bin treatin' th' young blackguard 
loike a gintleman fer six month's, jist 
thryin' to git him into th' family." — 
Judge. 



^[ ^[^[^[^[^Bisna^ ^ ^i^E^^ 



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LEE'S 



Jfi 



LIME 



The Old Reliable for WHEAT, OATS, 
CLOVER and OTHER GRASSES; has 
stood the test for twenty-five 
years, being composed principally 
of Hydrate of Lime, Sulphate of 
Lime and Potash. 



If you wish to IMPROVE your land, use a ton to four acres for 
WHEAT and CLOVER, or if you wish to seed it for other GRASSES 
where the land is in good condition, nse the same quantity and it will give 
you a good STAND and GROWTH of GRASS. For reclaiming POOR 
land, where there is little or no VEGETATION, COVER naked places 
with li' ter from the barnyard or forest, using the same quantity, and sow 
winter OATS and CLOVER. 



FRUIT TREES. 



Maj. G. A. Barksdale of Richmond, Va., has used our PREPARED 
LIME on his fruit trees, and says it has made wonderful improve- 
ment, both in the condition of the trees and quality of the fruit. 



OUR SPECIAL 
WHEAT FERTILIZER. 

We put this brand on the market only a few years ago, and have had 
very flattering results. The best farmers say that they get better 
STAND and GROWTH of GRASS and CLOVE a from it than 
from other fertilizers. This we can confidently recommend for 
CORN-LAND or any other land of fair fertility. 



PLAIN SHELL LIME 

Constantly on hand at lowest prices. 

No. 1 WOOD-BURNT LIME 

In car lots at lowest market price from kilns. 
Send for Circular and Prices. 

A. S. LEE & SON, 102 S. 13th Street, Richmond, Va. 



151 

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* 



'viiaa-iisriA. ZDivisioiisr. 



* 



Farmers Mutual Benefit Association. 

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State for the farmers 
of Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan. 

Insures, against Fire and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe 
risks. Average cost per year for three years has been $3.66f per $1000, including 
dwellings, barns, produce, &c, — about one-third the usual cost of insurance to 
farmers. Amount of property insured $325,000. Estimated security in real and 
other estate, $600,000. 

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent, 

MENTION THIS JOURNAL. CHESTER. VIRGINIA. 




Prolongs the wear of HARNESS, SHOES, 

Etc., fully 100 per cent. Save half the yearly 
Shoe and Harness expense. Guaranteed to do 
all we claim or money refunded. Write 
JOHN MFG. CO., Box IS, Hurricane, W. Va. 



1902.] 



THE SOTJTHEKN PLANTER. 



555 



FARMERS' NATIONAL CONGRESS. 

It is quite probable that farmers gener- 
ally do not fully realize the scope and 
extent of the Farmers National Con- 
gress, as otherwise they would take a 
much deeper interest in it. The topics 
discussed are more particularly those of 
a national or international character, 
quite different from what is generally on 
the programmes at farmers' institutes. 
The following is a copy of the program 
for the 1902 meeting : 

1. Interoceanic canal. 2. National irri- 
gation. 3. Reciprocity — how may it 
affect agricultural interests? 4. Effect 
of present insular possessions on the 
agriculture of the United States. 5. Pre- 
servation of forest and fruit trees and 
reforestation. 6. Injurious insects, in- 
sect pests and fungi. 7. What part of a 
man's farm does he sell when he sells the 
crop? 8. Postal reforms particularly 
affecting the farmer. 9. Mutual rela- 
tions of northern and southern farmers. 

10. Dairy interests of the United States 
as related to the markets of the world. 

11. Farm products other than dairy pro- 
ducts in the markets of the world. 12. 
The labor problem from the farmer's 
standpoint. 13. How can we best build 
up our merchant marine ? 

The Farmers' National Congress is 
made up of delegates and associate dele 
gates appointed by the governors of each 
State. Every governor appoints as many 
delegates as the State has representatives 
in both houses of Congress, and as many 
associate delegates as he chooses. 

The meeting will be held at Macon, 
Ga., October 7-10, and the people of that 
city will give a hearty welcome to all 
who attend. 

The Southeastern PasEenger Associa 
tion has granted a rate of one fare for 
round trip, and there is a fair indication 
that the other passenger associations will 
make better than an excursion rate. 

The men who will be invited to take 
part in the program will be the choicest 
that can be selected, and each one will be 
an acknowledged leader in his line. 
Isn't it about time the farmers took a 
practical hand in helping to solve the 
problems that pertain to their own 
affairs ? 

We hope to have at least 1,000 dele- 
gates, associate delegates and visitors. 

John M. Stahl, 4328 Langley Avenue, 
Chicago, is secretary, and will gladly 
answer any correspondence for the Con- 
gress. J. H. Reynolds, 

Treasurer. 



EXTRACTS FROM A CYNIC'S 
DICTIONARY. 

Crank.— A person whose views are the 
opposite of your own. 

Egotist. — A person who thinks as much 
of himself as other people do of them- 
selves. 

Honor. — That which people talk about 
when they want to get out of doing some- 
thing they don't want to do. 

Society. — That which we lay the blame 
on when anything goes wrong. — John 
Eliot, in the September Lip^incotl's. 



Why must your nose be in the middle 
of your face ? — Because it is the scenter. 



9 WW W W W W^T^FW WW W WWWV WWWW-^-w^-^* 






DON'T READ THIS, jj 

We beg to announce to our patrons 
that we are daily receiving an immense 
lot of 

FURNITURE, STOVES, OIL-CLOTH, 

CARPETS, MATTINGS, PARLOR 

FURNITURE and odd pieces. 

We will endeavor to make this Open- 
ing Fall Season more attractive and the 
goods more pleasing than ever before. 

The prices we have arranged are very- 
low, despite the advance in everything 
imaginable. 

Buying in very large quantities enables 
us to give our patrons the benefit of 
lower prices than we have heretofore. 

M. R0SENBL00M & SON, The Mail Order House, 

1536 E. Main Street, Adjoining; New Main Street Depot, RICHMOND, VA. 



Japan Plums 

-6 

And all other desirable standard and new 
varieties of PLUMS, APPLE, PEACH, 
PEAR and OR NAM ENTAL TREES, 
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc 

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY. 

The Most Reliable Variety Ever Grown in 
the South. 

Tbree hundred and fifty acres under cultivation. Write us 
if you contemplate planting. Catalogue free. 

AGENTS WANTED. WHITE FOB TERMS. 

W. T. HOOD £ 

OLD DOMINION NURSERY. 




RICHMOND, VA. 



I 



T STANDS FOR BIG CROPS. 

For uniform drilling of grains, any kind and anv amount 

f>er acre for grass seed sowing and even distribution of 
ump y, damp or dry fertilizers, nothing equals the 

Low-Down n r j|l 

Grain and Fertiizer III I 

Positive force feed for fertilizer, grain and grass seed. Drills 
any depth, perfect regulation, low steel or wood frame, high 
wheels with broad tires. Easy to fill and operate. Light 
draft. Investigate before buying. Write for free catalogue. 
SPANGLER MANFG. CO.. 501 QUEEN STREET, Y ORK, PA. 



STANDARD EVERYWHERE. 



iuuij-'j , uuiup ur ury lerniizers, uc 

SPANGLER, 




When corresponding with Advertisers, always say that yon saw their 
advertisement in The Southern Planter. 



556 



THE SOUTHERN PLAlirrEB. 



[September 




The following list of papers and periodicals 
are the most popular ones in this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever 
Journal you wish. 



DAILIES. price with 

ALONE. PLANTER. 

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va $ 3 00 $ 3 00 

The Times, " " 3 00 3 00 

The Post, Washington, D. 6 00 6 00 

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 25 

The World (thrice-a-week), N. Y 1 00 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

" Bazaar 1 00 1 40 

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 1 00 

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 35 

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 75 

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 35 

Country Gentleman 1 50 1 75 

The Times, Richmond, Va 50 65 

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 2 25 

Central Presbyterian, " "... 2 00 2 50 

Christian Advocate, " " ... 1 50 1 75 

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 4 00 

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00 

Horseman 3 00 3 00 

SEMI-MONTH LIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75 

Dairy and Creamery 50 75 

Commercial Poultry 50 75 

Allthree 1 50 1 15 

MONTHLIES. 

North American Review 5 00 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas " 3 00 3 25 

Lippincott's " 2 50 2 50 

Harper's " 4 00 4 00 

Forum " 3 00 3 25 

Scribner's " 3 00 3 25 

Frank Leslies " 1 00 1 35 

Cosmopolitan " 1 00 1 35 

Everybody's " 1 00 1 35 

Munsey " l 00 1 35 

Strand " 1 25 1 65 

McClure's " 1 00 1 35 

Puritan " 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75 

Leisure Hours 1 00 1 25 

Blooded Stock 60 50 

Where you desire to subscribe to two or more 
of the publications named, you can arrive at 
the net subscription price by deducting 50 
cents from " our price with the Planter." If 
you desire to subscribe to any other publica- 
tions not listed here, write us and we will 
cheerfully quote clubbing or net subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the Planter or any of 
the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa- 
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish no sample copies of other peri- 
odicals. 



Seed House of the South. 



BED 

CLOVER. 

MAMMOTH 

CLOVER. 

CRIMSON 

CLOVER. 

WHITE 

CLOVER. 

LUCERNE 

CLOVER. 

ALSTRE 

CLOVER. 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER. 

JAPAN 

CLOVER. 



BUR 



CLOVER. 




TIMOTHT. 

ORCHARD 

GRASS. 

BED TOP or 

HEBDS GRASS. 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE GRASS. 

BAND ALL 

GRASS. 

TALL MEADOW 
OAT GRASS. 

JOHNSON 

GBASS. 

GEBMAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT. 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of 

every variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which 

are RAGLMD'S PEDIGREE TORACCO SEEDS. 



_W£ ALSO SELL 



Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c. 

Pare Raw-Rone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 

Fertilizing: Materials generally. 

? Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, 



IOI6 Main Street 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 




We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. 



Apples, 

Pears, 

Peach, 

Plum, 

Apricots, 



Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and 

Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees, 

Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens, 

Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc. 



CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 



..AGENTS WANTED.. 

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co., Baltimore, Md. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



557 



BUSY! BUSY! BUSY! 

THAT'S NO NAME FOR IT; THAT'S WHY OUR AD IS NO LARGER 
THIS ISSUE--WE ARE TOO BUSY TO GET UP ONE. 

Look Over This in a Hurry and You Will Surely "REGRET IT." 



Best Family Flour, bbl $4 25 

Granulated Sugar 4J 

Rock Candy Syrup, gallon 40 

Something fine, regular price, 50 cents. 

Pure Lard, any quantity 12 

2,000 bushels Clover Seed 2 90 

10,000 bushels Choice Seed Wheat 

40,000 bushels Winter Seed Oats 

Arbuckle's Coffee 11 

Golden Rio Coffee 10 

Country Cured Side Bacon 12} 

10.000 bales Choice Timothy Hay 70 

New Cut Herrings, dozen 12 

McDermott's Fine Malt Whiskey, sure cure for chills 
and fever, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, consump- 
tion, sleeplessness, enriches the blood and builds 
up the system. No family should be without a 



00 
00 



bottle 85 

$9 00 per dozen. 
Juniper Gin, for kidney and bladder troubles. Cures 

weak and lame back, per gallon 2 

Old Northampton Apple Brandy, per gallon 2 

Clemmer Whiskey, per gallon 2 00 

Will sell any quantity of these medicines at same 

price. 

New Large, Fat Mackerel in 15-lb. buckets 98 

The regular price is $1.50, we are overstocked and 
want to move them. 

New Prunes 

Octagon Soap, 100 cakes 4 

Finest English Breakfast Tea 45 

Carolina Rice 6 

Home-Made Blackberry Brandy, per gal., including jug.. 75 



5 
00 



SEND FOR OUR PRICE-LIST, 



Send me your orders, and if I don't save you big money on your 

Groceries, Seeds, Peed and Medicines I will be 

very much disappointed. 

D. O'SULUVAN, Eighteenth and Main Streets, Richmond, Va. 



^AAA^^A ^ ^VN^WV W N^^^^^^^^^WWW^^^^WWWWVWW^^^^V ^ M^^^^^^Wl^^^^AJVV 



TIME IS MONEY, 





SO IS 

FREIGHT, 

As every farmer knows by- 
experience. We save you 
both when you buy our 

Virginia-Made Buggies and Wagons. 

All kinds of vehicles at low prices. Quality and workmanship unsurpassed. Send for 
beautiful, illustrated catalogue, or better still, come and inspect our stock. 

Agents for BARBOUR BUGGY CO., HUGHES BUGGY CO., VIRGINIA WAGON CO., 

ALL OF VIRGINIA. 
WE ARE ALSO AGENTS FOR THE 

DEERINQ CORN BINDER. 

LET US QUOTE YOUR PRICES ON IT. 
Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited. 

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA 

J. T. DUNN, Manager. 




558 



THE SOUTHERN PLAOTER. 



[September 



OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTER 




s~* 



For hand or power. The strongest, 
simplest and BEST MADE. Write for 
prices, catalogues and testimonials. 

CANE MILLS 

AND 

EVAPORATORS 

'j We are agents for the celebrated 
" " Kentucky " Mill and " Cook's Im- 
proved Evaporator." At least the 
equal of any made and far superior 
to most. 



CIDER MILLS. 




"Single or, double, for hand or power 

PEA HULLER S> — It will pay to inspect the " STAR." Will hull and clean from 10 to 15 bushels of 
peas every hour. 

DISC HARROWS* — Send for special catalogue of the "EVANS," lightest draft and strongest 
harrow made. 

OWEGO AND PENNSYLVANIA DISC GRAIN DRILLS 

With or without fertilizer attachment. 

THE IDEAL FEED MILL AND POWER COMBINED 

Has no eqnal for grinding shelled grain, corn and cob into excellent feed. The Horse-Power is very useful for running 
other machinery as well. A full line of mills for horse and steam power. 

VAE No. 19 IDEAL 
MILL. 

For one horse. A very useful size for 
small farms. Price, $15.00. 





PLOWS. 

Try an " Imperial " and you will not 
want any other. It is admitted by all who 
have used it to be the best in the world. 

Everything the Farm Needs we can Supply, and that at a Close Price. 

WAGONS, BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, HARNESS 

AND SADDLES. 

The most complete line in the State. Write for special catalogue. 

F ANNIIlG IVI I LLS. — We can strongly recommend the " Lyons " for cleaning any kind of grain or 
grass seed. Does its work clean, and praised by every one who has used it. 

D A &- I W C r R ESSE S* — For a serviceable press at a low price, we think the " Lyle " is the best 
on the market. Supplied with or without power attachmenl. Write for descriptive circulars. 



THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 

1302 and 1304 East Main Street, - RICHMOND, VA. 



1902.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



559 



HOW TO REMOVE STAINS. 

They Should Always be Taken Out 
Before the Articles Are Washed. 
All stains should be removed before 
the articles are put in the washtub. The 
sooner a stain is treated the moi e read 
ily it. will yield to the treatment. Pour 
boiling water through fruit stains; when 
obstinate soak in a solution of oxalic 
acid. Wash vaseline stains in alcohol ; 
paint, in turpentine or alcohol ; varnish, 
in alcohol ; grass or other green vegeta- 
ble stains, in alcohol, kerosene or mo- 
lasses; for stains from blood, meat juice, 
use white of egg in cold water. In the 
case of milk, cream, sugar or syrup 
stains, soak in cold water and wash with 
soap and cold water. Tar, wheel grease 
or machine oil stains should be rubbed 
with lard and allowed to stand a few 
minutes, ihen they should be washed 
with soap and cold water. Tea, coffee 
or cocoa stains should be removed 
with boiling water; if obstinate, with a 
weak solution of oxalic acid. — Maria 
Parloa, in The Ladies' Home Journal. 



FURNITURE POLISH. 
A good polish for varnished furniture 
is equal parts of vinegar, sweet oil and 
spirits of turpentine; the furniture may 
be washed first with warm water and 
soap. The little white spots which come 
on varnished furniture may be removed 
by holding a hot dinner plate over them 
for a few moments. For unvarnished 
furniture of dark wood a coarse oil, mixed 
with turpentine, does very well; besides 
improving the appearance and cleaning 
it, it also preserves the wood and strength- 
ens it. Chippendale or inlaid mosaic 
furniture should be frequently cleaned 
with oil, which preserves it from cracking 
and keeps the inlaid parts from becoming 
loose and protruding. Anyone who is 
fortunate enough to posess olive-wood ta- 
bles or boxes should have them frequent- 
ly wiped over with olive oil. Cane chair 
bottoms may b^ not only cleansed, but 
made more springy and elastic by wash- 
ing with hot water, using, if they are 
dirty soap also. The chair should be 
turned upside down and well soaked. 
Dry it out in the win i and sunshine, and 
it will be as firm and nice as when new, 
unless it is broken or injured in some way. 
Ledger Monthly. 



Crop Growing 
Crop Feeding" 



BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY. 
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. 



We ofler this splendid work in connec- 
tion with the Southern Planter 
at the folllowing prices: 

Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume. $1.26 

Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 90c. 

Old or new subscriptions. 



A good-for-nothing fellow who used to 
dress like a sailor and did nothing but 
beg, came to the house of a lady who had 
the reputation of being very benevolent. 
He thought he would melt her heart with 
a rather clever dodge. Reaching the 
lawn in front of the window where the 
lady was sitting, he began eating the 
grass. Presently she came to the door 
and ask#d why he ate the grass. He re- 
plied, because he had nothing else to eat. 

" Oh," said she, " my poor dear sailor 
man, come into the house," and leading 
him through the hall she took him to the 
back door, and opening it, remarked, " Go 
outside, you will find the grass longer 
there." 



NO NAME FOR IT. 

Richmond : " How about that new 
health food you invented ? Is it on the 
market yet?" 

Bronxborough : " No ; I've given it up. 
I find that all the good names have been 
used." — Sun. 

Slimson. I hear you have been fight- 
ing that little boy next door, and that he 
whipped you. How did that happen ? 
Willie : Well, he's going to give a party 
next week, and I was afraid if I licked 
him he wouldn't invite me. 



WYANDOTTES. 

White and Silver. Will sell this sea- 
sons' breeders cheap, to make room 
for the youngsters. 
Also offer 

POINTER DOGS 

Of finest hunting strains — either 
broken or unbroken. 



CHAS. P. WINSTON, 



Amelia, Va. 



FOR SALK— Registered and High-Grade. 
ANG-OFIA GOATS. 




From 1 to car load lots. Buck Kids from 

$4.00 to $15. 

1EREMY IMPROVEMENT CO. Saxe. CharlotteCo..Va. 



The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

EXTENDING FROM CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE, AND 
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS—^ 

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis, 
Sandusky and Cleveland ; 

THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus ; 

THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Petroit, Toledo, Lima 
and Dayton — 

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT to S^.L^ES™ ROUTE. 

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, NORFOLK, 
And Principal Virginia Points. 

H. W FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt C. & O. Ry., Washington. D. C. 



A Trial Subscription... 

25c. 



OF SEVEN MONTHS (SEP. 
TO MARCH, 1903,) FOR 



This Includes Our 

HOLIDA Y NUMBER, 

Which will be worth that Money. 

Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. 



560 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 



[September 



Milwaukee Corn Husker and Fodder Shredder 



With Blower or Carrier. Manufactured in four sizes: Large ma- 
chines for threshermen, and small machinos for farmers' own use. 



Read list of only a few of the many using the MILWAUKEE Husker. 



R. L. Bruce, Medlock, Va., 
J. C. Segar, Lewiston, Va., 
J. A. Grahamj'Hanover, Va., 
L. E. Williams, Enfield, Va., 
Julian RufBi|L Old Church, Va., 
Edmund Ruffin, Old Chureh, Va., 
A. T. Broadelus, Old Church, Va., 
H. S. Saunders, Shirley, Va., 
C. C. Branja, Toano, Va., 




M. L. Norvell, Island, Va., 
S. H. Ivey, Petersburg. Va., 
J. A. Maddox, Triangle, Va., 
W. H. Walton, Rice Depot, Va., 
T. S. Wilson, News Ferry, Va., 
Geo. R. Land, Boydton, Va., 
C. C. Moore, Charlotte, N. C. 
R. F. Broaddus, New Berne, N. C, 
Col. B. Cameron, Stagville, N. C. 



The above parties will cheerfully give you testimonials as to the 
merits of the MILWAUKEE. We are ready al all times to go in the 
field witA any 01 her husker made, and will guarantee the MILWAU- 
KEE tope the best made ; and will also guarantee it to do more work 
than any other made, and shell less corn, and cost less for repairs and 
lasi longer. Write the parties that are using them ; also write for 
B pecial circulars and testimonials we have, which will be sent with 



Chattanooga Cane Mills and 
Evaporators. 



Sp ing-tooth Harrows, all sizes, 
plain and with; levers ; Smoothing 
Harrows, and arching in the Harrow 
line always on hand at bottom prices. 




Tiger Disc Plows. 

The Scientific Grinding Mills. 

Are unequalled for grinding Ear 
Corn, shucks on or off Corn, Oats, 
Wheat and all other grains singly or 
mixed. 

Power Hills in five sizes ; 2 to 30 
horse- power. 

Sweep Mills in two styles. 

Geared Mills in four styles. 




Superior Grain Drills. 

Plain and Fertilizer Hoe and Disc 
Drills. 




cientific Steel Corn Harvester. 



Special prices given on Studebaker ,,,,,,, 

and Brown Wagons, Buggies T1 jp best Harvester on earth 

and Carts. ing corn. Safety seats. Safety Shafts. 



For stand- 



DON'T FORGET ! 



All the merchants 
in town who claim 
to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the 
Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The 6nly 
place in Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oli- 
ver Plows and Repairs is at 1436 and 1438 East 
Main Street, from 



Wheelbarrow Seeders, Cahoon 
Seeders. 

Hutchinson One-Tub Cider Mills, 
made in two sizes - 

Write for special catalogue and 

price on any implement 

wanted. 




ROSS 



Fodder Cutters, Fodder 
Shredders, Cutters for 
all purposes, Corn Shel- 
ters, Grinding Mills, 
Horse Powers and 
Wood Saws. 



HENING & NUGKOLS, e Sreffi£i, 1436-38 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 



Agricultural Implements and Machinery 




Cider Mills— with wooden crushing rollers. 




CYCLONE 
Feed and Ensilage Cutters. 



All Sizes. 




The Hocking Valley Cider and Wine Mills 

Have crushing rollers made of wood, which 
impart no taste or discoloration to the juice. 

Buckeye Grain and Fertilizer Drill 

With hoes or disc. Drills grain of all kinds, 
corn, peas, grass seed and fertilizers. 

Our Five-Hoe Drill 

For seeding between rows of standing corn is 
a great success. 

Continental Disc Harrows, 

Changed to straight or slanting toolh without 
stopping team. 

Ensilage and Feed Cutters. 

Capacities from 600 to 16,000 pounds per hour. 

The Union Cutter. 

I Crushes the stalk after it leaves the knives- 
far superior to shredding. 

The Combined Feed Mill and Horse Power 

Is indispensable to every farmer. Grinds 
corn, shelled or on cob, grain of all kinds 
and is a fir»t-clas* horse-power for any pur- 
pose. Three machines In one. 

The McCormick Corn Binder 

Works like a grain binder, cutting and tleing 
the corn and delivering in bundles. 

The McCormick Husker and Shredder. 

The most complete machine of its class made 
The very low price brings it within the means 
of all. 

Corn Shelters 

For hand or power, separating corn from cob. 

Churns — Improved Buckeye 
Rocker. 

Unequalled for cheapness, with 
simplicity, strength, durability 
and perfict work. 

Cane Mills and Evaporators. 

Turned rollers, steel shafts, brass 
boxes, enclosed gearing. Made of 
special iron of great strength. 

Portable Evaporators 

With furnace. Pans of galvanized 
steel or copper. 

Cucumber Wood Pumps 

With porcelain-lined cylinder, for 
wells up to 45 feet in depth. 

The Hancock Disc Plow, 

Improved fqr 1902. 
Will work in any laud, and with less draft 
than any other disc plow. 







Disc Drill. 




Feed Mill and Power. 




Portable Evaporator. 




Cane MiU. 



Btlt Power Press. 






Hand Power Press. 



Full Circle Horse-Power Press. 



THE WATT PLOW CO., "•^^V^i'i"'- 






The 



*\? 



NORTHWESTERN 



MUTUAL LIFE 
INSURANCE CO. 



ORGANIZED 1857. 



PURELY MUTUAL. 



This Company has paid over ONE MILLION DOLLARS in Virginia, in death losses alone, without contest or 
compromise of a single policy. 

Ask any policy-holder of the NORTHWESTERN how he likes the Company. We have policy holders in every 
county in the State, whose names and other information on the subject will be furnished to any one contemplating 
life insurance, or desiring to represent 

THE BEST COMPANY FOR THE POLICY-HOLDER. 

T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent, 1201 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. If you wish fat and smooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give 



DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. 



For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 

DIXIE NERVE: AND BONE: LINIMENT-Best on earth for Man or 

Beast. Larj^e Bottle 25 cts. ; everywhere. 

— ——————— OWENS & MINOR DRUG CO., Richmond, Va. 



Farmers Most use Fertilizers to Succeed. 

We offer them the following Brands, with full confidence in their merits: 

"TRAVERS' WHEAT and GRASS FERTILIZER," 
"CAPITAL" BONE-POTASH FERTILIZER, 

"TRAVERS' DISSOLVED BONE PHOSPHATE," 
"BEEF, BLOOD and BONE FERTILIZER," 
"STANDARD" DISSOLVED S. C. BONE, 
"CAPITAL" DISSOLVED S. C. BONE. 




B^We bBpecia "y recommend ORCHILLA GUANO for GRASS or 

CLOVER. It makes it grow where all other fertilizers fail. It equals 

Raw Bone, at a much less price, and makes poor land rich. 

WRITE FOR PRICES. OTHER BRANDS FOR OTHER CROPS. 

S. W. TRAVERS & CO., Manufact'rs, Richmond, Va. 

Branch Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. 



The STATE BANK OF VIRGINIA 



JOHN S. ELLETT, Presid't. WM. M. HILL, Cashier. 

Capital, $500,000. surplus, $240,000. 
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