Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty-Fourth Year. 



Southern Planter 



A MONTHLY JOURNAL 



DEVOTED TO 



Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHHONfl, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

J. F. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 



Vol, 64. 



DECEMBER, 1903. 



Proprietors. 



No. 12. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 



Editorial — Work for the Month 745 

Rotation of Crops 748 

Plant Food and Crop Production . . . 750 

Tall Corn 752 

Small Farms Well Tilled 753 

Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, page 777) . . . 754 
Apples Wanted Abroad A- 758 



TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 



**. 






% 



Editorial — Work for the Month 

A New England Farming Community 75& 

Fruit Culture in Virginia 761 

Small Canning Factories 762 

Editorial— The Bitter Rot of Apples 764 

Orcharding 764 

Self-Sterility in Apples 765 

Virginia Corn Exhibit at St. Louis. 765 



LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: 

Editorial — The Dual Purpose Cow 766 

Inoculation for Texas Fever 767 

Editorial — Live Stock Sales in Chicago 768 

Forage Crops and Pork Production 768 

Cattle Quarantine in Virginia 768 

A Bit of the Range 769 

The World's Years Butter Fat Record Broken. . 770 

THE POULTRY YARD: 

4 

Grain Foods for Laying Hens 771 

Egg-Laying Breeds Compared 771 

THE HORSE: 
Notes 772 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

The Great Roanoke Fair 774 

Cold Storage on the Farm 775 

Crown Gall of Apple Trees 776 

Good Roads 776 



SUBSCRIPTION, 50c. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. 



,t popular Machines in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the 

HEEBNER'S, 

LITTLE GIANT and 




PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903. 
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and 
durable. The price is within the reach of all. We guaran- 
tee them to do the work satisfactory. We will mail cata- 
logue and testimonials, and quote prices on application. 



RUBBER LEATHER 

AND 

GANDY BELTING. 
"ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES and BOILERS. 

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS. 



«« LITTLE 
SAMSON " 
Automatic 
Engine. 




THE CELEBRATED 

CHASE" SAW MILLS 

A ND This cut shows our 5 and 7 h. p. "Little 

Samson" Vertical, Automatic Engine, for 

' DE LOACH" MACHINERY ^"fwinTw^d' et p c eanut : P ickers > cuttln « 

Larger size also furnished. 

STRATTON & BRAGG CO.. 20=22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. 



X 

X FOR THE 



Wheat and Grass Crops 



x 



66 



STAR 




BRAND" 



X 
X 
X 



GUANO, 



X 



X 
X 
X 
X 

x McQavock Mixture, = Acid Phosphate, x 

X Or DISSOLVED S. C. BONE, Etc. X 

X X 

5 ALLISON & ADDISON, 

X 
X 



BRANCH VIRGINIA- r> 2 r> Um ^ «-■ A \7 <n *K 

CAROLINA CHEMICAL CO., KlCnmOINj, Va., X 



MANUFACTURERS. 




The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.—XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. —SULLY. 



64th Year. 



Richmond, December, 1903. 



No. 12. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

Another year has rolled round to its closing month, 
and the ingathering of the crops, the result of a year's 
toil and anxious care, has been practically completed. 
The year has been in regard to the weather an abnor- 
mal one, and the effect is largely seen in the crop re- 
turns. Excessive rains throughout nearly the whole 
South were the characteristic of the spring and early 
summer months, and had it not been for the fine, open 
and dry fall which we have had the crop returns 
would have undoubtedly been most disastrous. The 
seeding and planting of all crops was delayed, and 
when got in they were too often planted in badly fitted 
seed beds, and the working of them was rendered 
practically impossible upon the river and creek low 
lands. Wheat, which promised finelv in the early 
spring, was practically rendered a complete failure 
by the heavy rains at the blooming period. The 
pollen was washed from the ears, and as a result of 
imperfect fertilization of the blooms the ears were 
only very partially filled and the grain was light and 
trashy. The average yield of wheat in Virginia is 
placed by the Department of Agriculture at 8 bushels 
to the acre. In North Carolina, at 5 bushels : in 
South Carolina, at 6 bushels ; in Tennessee, at 7 
bushels, and in Maryland, at 12 bushels. Winter 
and spring oats were also very unsatisfactory crops. 
The corn crop, however, made some amends for the 
disappointment in these crops, as it is on the whole a 
good one, probably on the high lands one of the best 
ever raised in the South, and, on the whole, compares 
very favorably with the crop in the rest of the country. 
The average yield for Virginia, as estimated by the 



Department of Agriculture, is placed at 21 bushels 
per acre against a 10 years average of 19 bushels. 
In North Carolina the estimated yield is 14 bushels 
per acre, against a 10 years' average of 13 bushels. 
In South Carolina the yield is estimated at 10 bush- 
els per acre, against a 10 years' average of 9 bushels. 
In Maryland the yield is estimated at 28 bushels per 
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 29 bushels. 
In Tennessee the yield is estimated at 23 bushels per 
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 21 bushels. 
The tobacco crop of Virginia is estimated by the De- 
partment at 745 pounds per acre, as against a 10 
years' average of 640 pounds. In North Carolina 
the crop is estimated at 627 po\mds to the acre, as 
against a 10 years' average of 535 pounds. In South 
Carolina the crop is estimated at 610 pounds to the 
acre, as against a 4 years' average of 711 pounds. In 
Maryland .the crop is estimated at 650 pounds to the 
acre, as against a 10 years' average of 633 pounds. 
In Tennessee the crop is estimated at 700 pounds to 
the acre, as against a 1 years' average of 642 pounds. 
The Irish potato crop is above the average, whilst the 
sweet potato crop is also above the average in all the 
coast States. The hay crop in all the coast States is 
above the average, the yield per acre being even in 
excess of all the Northern and New England States, 
and comparing very favorably with that of all the 
Middle States, indeed being in excess of several of 
the best of these. The cotton crop, whilst not yet 
fully ascertained, is expected to be about an average 
in the coast States, with a price for it away above the 
average. Indeed, this crop alone for lint and sevd is 
expected to bring more than $500,000,000 into the 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[December 



oouthern States. The market value of all the crops 
is well maintained, with the exception of tobacco, and 
whilst the market for this crop opened very flatly, 
there is already indication that better prices are in 
prospect. Even with the opening low prices growers 
should bear in mind that these compare favorably 
with figures at which the crop was selling a few years 
ago, and are relatively only low as compared with 
those of the closing sales of the year before last and 
the opening sales of last year. We have had planters 
in our office who have already sold this year at prices 
ranging from 6 to 10 cents for dark shipping. The 
season has been a most propitious one for the produc- 
tion of forage crops of all kinds, and there is an abun- 
dance of feed for all live stock for the winter, whilst 
the fine, open fall has kept grazing on the pastures 
good up to the present writing. No doubt the cost of 
production of all crops has been higher this year on 
account of labor scarcity, but we conclude that on the 
whole Southern farmers may look with satisfaction 
on the result of their labors, certainly with more sat- 
isfaction than can farmers in many of the Northern 
and Western States. We are beginning in the South 
to see the results attained by the adoption of a system 
of "farming" rather than "planting" in the substitu- 
tion of a system of rotation of crops in which the 
legumes and other forage crops are brought more 
frequently into the course, and in which deeper plow- 
ing and better cultivation is being practiced. We 
have been urging these changes for many years, and 
feel a sense of satisfaction in seeing the results of our 
labors bearing fruit. We have always been confident 
that we were advising the right course to bring pros- 
perity to Southern farmers and increased and perma- 
nent fertility to the lands of the South, and each year 
only emphasizes the truth of this and makes us more 
determined to continue urging rotation of crops, deep 
plowing and repeated and more perfect cultivation. 
These and not so much a reliance on purchased fer- 
tilizers, coupled with attention to the breeding and 
keeping of live stock sufficient on every farm to con- 
sume all the rough products and forage crops and 
much of the grain are the true sources from which 
prosperity must come, and the farmers themselves 
are now realizing these truths more than ever in the 
past. We have the climate, we only need to supple- 
ment it with a sound system of rotation and justice to 
the land in the way of breaking and working it to 
ensure ouccess in production and a better system of 
utilization of the crops on the farm when produced 
to ensure profit in the ultimate results. 



Canoda peas and oats, and this crop ought only to be 
sown in December in the Tidewater and central plain 
of the coast States. Elsewhere in the South it should 
be sown in .January, February and March, according 
as the section rises in altitude from the sea. In mid- 
dle and Tidewater Virginia we have known Canada 
peas and oats to maake an excellent yield of forage 
and grain seeded in December. Much, however, de- 
pends on the character of the seed bed. If this be. dry 
and finely worked and a good cover be given to the 
peas, they will take no harm, even if the weather be- 
comes severe. Canada peas and oats are essentially 
a cold climate crop, and to be grown successfully in 
the South want to be got in the ground sufficiently 
early to make and complete their growth before the 
hot weather strikes them, otherwise the crop will not 
be worth the raising. As a green forage crop for 
hogs, and as a hay crop, it is very valuable as it comes 
in at a time when feed is usually getting scarce. The 
peas at the rate of 14 or 2 bushels to the acre should 
be planted deep with the drill or be plowed down so 
as to give them a cover of 4 or 5 inches. The oats, at 
the rate of J or 1 bushel to the acre, should then be 
sown on the top and be harrowed in. The crop will 
be ready for grazing by April, and should be cut for 
hav in Mav. 



It is too late in the year now to sow any crop except 



So long as the weather keeps open and the land dry 
enough to plow the teams should be kept at work 
breaking all land intended to be cropped next year. 
In doing this work see that the plow is kept as deep 
in the ground as a strong team can pull it, and that 
some portion of the subsoil is turned up in addition 
to the old worked soil. This subsoil contains an abun- 
dance of natural plant food, and only requires to 
be subjected to the influence of the atmosphere long 
enough to make this available. When turned up in 
the spring there is not time for this action to be exer- 
cised long enough for advantage to be secured, now 
it can be turned up with safety and ultimate profit. 
Wherever possible, in addition to the deep turned 
furrow have the hard subsoil broken with a subsoil 
plow following the turning plow in each furrow. In 
this way this subsoil becomes permeable by the at- 
mosphere and capable of holding the rainfall for the 
subsequent use of the crops and this rainfall will dis- 
solve the plant food therein, which will be taken up 
by the roots of the crop, which will easily penetrate 
the loosened soil. Plants of all kinds are solely de- 
pendent for their growth on the food in the soil which 
is held in sohition by water. They cannot utilize 
any of this food in a solid form, hence the import- 
ance of conserving the moishire in the soil. In oiir 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



last, month's issue we pointed out in discussing a re- 
cent bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, that 
as a result of the investigation of the Department, it 
had been found that all soils capable of cultivation 
contained nearly the same amount of plant food capa- 
ble of being dissolved by the soil water, and that this 
quantity was amply sufficient for the production of 
maximum crops for years to come if made available. 
The only means of securing this availability is to 
make the soil capable of holding sufficient moisture to 
dissolve the plant food, and this can only be done by 
deep and perfect cultivation and the filling of the soil 
with humus, which acts like a sponge in holding the 
moisture. Now is the time to break the soil and sub- 
soil, and then the humus making crops and manure 
can be added later. We know that many Southern 
farmers and some agricultural authorities doubt the 
advisability of fall and winter plowing in the South, 
unless the land can also at the same time be seeded 
with a winter growing crop. They contend that as we 
have not usually much severe frost to disintegrate the 
soil, that little benefit is derived from breaking the 
surface, and that the winter and spring rains will so 
pack the land as to make necessary replowing in the 
spring. We cannot agree with this view. Whilst we 
would plow and seed with winter growing crops as 
long as possible, yet we would not cease to plow when 
compelled to cease seeding. Even should the soil be- 
come somewhat packed, it will certainly break much 
more easily either with the plow or the disc or spading 
harrow in the spring than if left unplowed in the fall, 
and it will certainly have secured a much better sup- 
ply of water in the subsoil than can possibly be the 
case if only plowed in the spring, and this water will 
have dissolved more of the inert plant food and ren- 
dered the same available. One of the great weak 
points of Southern farming has been, and is, the lack 
of plowing and finely breaking the soil sufficiently. 
We plow too many acres and do not plow the individ- 
ual acres sufficiently. A reversal of this system Avill 
result in much greater profit and no more work. Es- 
pecially would we advise deep plowing and subsoiling 
now on lands washed and gullied, as we too often find 
them. This washing and gullying can only be stopped 
and the land be made profitable again by deep plow- 
ing and subsoiling. The soil washes away because the 
rainfall cannot get down into the subsoil. Open this 
and make of it a reservoir to hold the rain, and the 
washing will cease and the land will produce good 
crops when once some humus has been got into the 
soil. After these gullied fields have been plowed and 
subsoiled, spread any kind of vegetable trash or 
strawr manure on the surface, and when the soil is 



dry enough work it in and then in February or March 
sow 2 bushels of oats to the acre, and let this growth 
be lightly grazed or be mowed before the oats head, 
and the cutting be left as a mulch on the ground. 
In June turn the growth under and sow cow peas 1 
bushel to the acre. Turn these down in August and 
sow 12 pounds of crimson clover seed and a bushel of 
oats, rye and wheat, mixed in equal parts, to the acre. 
When this crop comes off in the following year either 
by grazing or cutting, the galls and gullies will be 
ended and the land can be cultivated in staple crops 
or be seeded to grass. 



The work of planting the staple crops in the spring 
can be greatly helped by utilizing the winter months 
in getting the manure and fertilizer into the land. 
Earn yard manure can never be put to a better use or 
be better conserved than to use it as a top dressing on 
winter growing crops or by applying it in winter to 
the land to be put into crop in the spring. Get the 
manure out of the barns, stables and pens as made, 
whenever the land is fit to haul on. The leachings 
will then find their way into the soil, where they will 
be utilized by the crops and not into the creek or 
river. The solid matter will decompose and rot as 
well on the land as in the barnyard, though not quite 
so fast. All the phosphatic and potassic fertilizers, 
and some of the nitrogenous ones like tankage, can 
Avith safety be applied in the winter. The phos- 
phatic and potassic fertilizers require considerable 
time to become assimilated and dissolved in the soil 
before crops can derive benefit from them, and there 
need be no fear of their being lost by leaching. Tank- 
age, cotton seed, and all other organic nitrogenous 
fertilizers also require time to rot before they can 
be utilized, but they should not be applied too long 
before the crop is planted or some of their value may 
be lost. Nitrate of soda, the most active nitrogenous 
fertilizer, ought, however, never to be applied before 
the crop has commenced to grow, as it is as soluble as 
salt, and the nitrogen is immediately available, and 
may be quickly lost if there be no crop growing to 
utilize it. In these various ways the fine, open win- 
ters which we experience here ought to be fully util- 
ized, and thus we can be ready to plant our crops as 
soon as ever the weather is suitable. If we do not 
thus utilize the winter months we fail to do our duty, 
and might as well he living in the cold, hard frozen 
North. 



The work of cleaning up new land and old fields 
that have not been under cultivation and are again 
intended to be cropped, should be attended to. When- 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



... work of this character is undertaken, let what 
is done be done thoroughly. Do not leave stumps 
and rocks in or on the land, hut remove them out of 
the field. Small stumps can be easily pulled out and 
larger ones should be blown out with dynamite. Left 
in the ground they only form breeding places for 
weeds, briers and fungoid diseases, and are the con- 
stant source of broken tools and implements and in- 
jured horses and mules. Rocks should be gathered 
off and hauled on the roads of the farm or the adjoin- 
ing highways, where they can be profitably utilized 
in making and repairing good, hard, dry, permanent 
roads. Let all old fences be straightened and re 
paired, and the necessary new ones be built. Where 
good old rails are still found in the old fences these 
can be utilized in the building of new ones and a much 
greater length of fence be built by combining them 
"with wire. Set the posts at a proper distance to util- 
ize these old rails and then fasten them to the posts 
by stapling a length of wire to the bottom of the post 
and carrying it up the post on the one side and down 
on the other side, making loops at the proper distance 
apart to hold the ends of the rails in place and 
stapling the wire to the post above and below each 
rail. In this way a five or six rail fence can be built 
for a long distance with the rails taken out of an old 
worm fence. 



Ditches should be opened out and cleaned, and 
drains be put in where needed. When any draining 
is to be done see that before starting the work a good 
plan is prepared and levels be properly taken so that 
no mistake be made in so placing the drains as to se- 
cure sufficient fall for all drains and a good open 
outlet for the main drain. Do not fail to put the 
drains down deep into the land. At least 3 feet 
should be the depth from the surface. The water 
which does the harm to the land is not that lying on 
the surface, but the water in the subsoil, which is 
stagnant and prevents the surface water from getting 
down. Drain off this stagnant underground water, 
and that which falls on the surface or finds its way 
there will soon get down and away out of the land. 
Fill the drains with the soil and clay taken out, and 
not with loose stones or rubbish. The tighter they 
are filled the better they will draw the water out of the 
subsoil, which is what is needed, and the longer they 
will continue to be effective. We have packed tile 
drains tightly with clay from the tile \ip to the sur- 
face and found them to be thoroughly effective for 
twenty years afterwards. In draining a piece of 
hilly land, let the drains run directly down the hill 
end not across or in a diagonal direction. When run 



straight down the hill the drain draws water from 
both sides, whilst a drain run across or diagonally 
will only drain water from the upper side. 



Have the ice pond cleaned out and cut off all sources 
of impure water flowing into it. The freezing of 
water does not purify it as many think, and the abso- 
lute necessity for using only pure ice is so great in the 
way of health that no risk should be run of impound- 
ing impure water. The ice house should also be 
thoroughly cleaned out and be put into good repair. 
In our last issue and in this one will be found arti- 
cles dealing with the building of ice houses. 



Have all implements and tools not in use gathered 
together and put under cover. Clean them thor- 
oughly, and grease the bright metal parts, and on wet 
days repair and paint them. A few dollars spent in 
paint will make tools and implements last years 
longer. The loss sustained by farmers from the care- 
less way in which their tools and implements are cared 
for amounts to millions every year, and in itself 
amounts to a considerable profit on the working of a 
farm. 



See that plenty of seasoned wood is stored in the 
wood shed, and do not subject the women of the house- 
hold to the annoyance of having to use wet fuel to 
cook the meals and keep the home warm. 

Have an abundance of feed stored convenient for 
the stock, so that if short handed at Christmas and 
New Year, which is very often the case, the stock will 
not have to suffer. 



Don't send all the best of the farm products to the 
Christmas and New Year markets, but keep an abun- 
dant supply for home use, so that all the family and 
visitors may be able to enjoy a merry Christmas. 
"Its a poor heart that never rejoices," and no one has 
a greater right to enjoy the good things of life than 
the farmer who produces the most of them. 



That the New Year may be a happy and prosperous 
one for all our readers is our heart-felt wish and 
prayer. 



ROTATION OF CROPS. 

The subject of the proper rotation of crops on a 
farm is one that up to the present has received com- 
paratively little attention in this country, and practi- 
cal! v none in the South. With the vast areas of un- 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



V-x 



occupied land in the country and the large quantity of 
uncultivated land common on the great plantations 
of the South, the subject has not pressed for attention. 
When Uncle Sam could give every farmer a new farm 
when the old one ceased to return good crops men 
thought it of no concern to them to learn how to make 
the old farm permanently profitable, and were con- 
tent to call their farm a profitable one so long as they 
could secure from it a good living for themselves and 
something over and took no stock in the idea that it 
was a duty they owed to posterity to maintain fer- 
tility. They held strongly to the Irishman's theory 
that posterity had done nothing for them, and there- 
fore they need not concern themselves about posterity. 
And yet this conception of a profitable farm is a radi- 
cally wrong one. A truly profitable farm is one 
which not only provides a good living and something 
over for the present owner, but also maintains and 
adds to its -fertility for the benefit of those who come 
after. How few Southern farms answer to this 
requirement ! Now that Uncle Sam has given away 
all the good farms, and many of his poor ones also, 
the subject presses for consideration. In the South 
the question has up to the present been answered by 
turning out the old cultivated land and taking in and 
clearing up some of the new land, or in more recent 
years by turning again to that part of the plantation 
which had been turned out years ago, and upon which 
nature has been exercising her beneficent work in re- 
cuperating the soil slowly by adding each year to the 
soil the decaying matter of the natural vegetation, 
and the pines have been pumping up from the subsoil 
and making available the mineral plant food natu- j 
rally existing in the soil. The spread of the 3ystem 
of breaking up the old large plantations into small 
farms to meet the requirements of an increasing popu- 
lation and the incoming of settlers from the North 
and West and the Northwest is gradually lessening 
the opportunities for thus meeting the difficulty of 
lessened fertility in the old cultivated lands, and 
forcing the consideration of rotation of crops as a 
remedy for the evil of one crop production, and con- 
sequently sterility of the soil. The example of Eng- 
land and the result of the investigations of the Bureau 
of Soils shows conclusively that these so-called ex- 
hausted old farms are not yet devoid of fertility. 
Hundreds of years of cultivation of the land in Eng- 
land has not yet deprived its lands of the capacity to 
produce even greater crops than the virgin soil of this 
land, and this because for a great part of that time, 
certainly for the last hundred years, a system of rota- 
tion of crops has been positively required by the own- 
ers of the lands as a condition of their occupancy. 



The recent investigations of the Bureau of Soils prove 
conclusively that all soils capable of cultivation, whe- 
ther they have been manured or fertilized or not, con- 
tain about the same proportions of plant food soluble 
in the natural soil moisture, and that in all cases there 
is of this plant food an abundance for the needs of 
crops for years to come. The problem, then, is how 
to secure this and to make farming profitable without 
having to seek new lands in a country where every 
day these are getting scarcer. In seeking to solve 
this problem the Bureau of Soils has come to the con- 
clusion that the most potent factors are more perfect 
and deeper cultivation of the soil, so as to permit of 
the holding of more soil moisture, and a judi- 
cious rotation of crops. They support these 
conclusions by numerous examples of exactly 
similar soil producing in one section good crops and 
in another poor ones solely as the result in the 
one case of better plowing and cultivation and in the 
other of following out the old system of barely break- 
ing the surface. As an illustration of the value of 
rotation they cite the case of the Rothampstead wheat 
experiments in England, where, on one field which 
has grown wheat continuously without manure or fer- 
tilizer for fifty years, the yield has been reduced one- 
half, and where in another and adjoining field wheat 
has been grown, also without manure or fertilizer, in 
rotation with other crops only once in four years, and 
the yield has continued practically the same over the 
whole period. What has been done can be done, and 
is being done, in some few places here. Where one 
or two crops only are grown they are continuously 
making a call upon the land for the same elements of 
fertility, and thus exhausting these and unbalancing 
the fertility of the soil. A balanced plant food ration 
is as essential as a balanced stock food ration, in se- 
curing profitable crops, and pi*ofitable feeding. 
Again, the character of the one or two crops grown is 
usually such that they are robbers and not recupera- 
tors of the soil. They use up the humus in the soil, 
and thus render it <hard and incapable of holding 
moisture, and they do not secure for it any of the 
nitrogen so essential for fertility, and which is found 
in unlimited quantity in the atmosphere. The lack 
of a system of rotation is also injurious to crop pro- 
duction in that it conduces to the spread of insect and 
fungoid pests which alone cause the loss of millions 
of dollars every year to American farmers. Nearly 
all these pests are dependent for their continuous ex- 
istence on conditions which provide them with prac- 
tically the same food, or the same host plants, on the 
same land each year. Break this continuity and the 
pests are at once lessened or exterminated. In the 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[December 



.osence of their accustomed food, or host plants, or in 
the presence of their enemies, which come often upon 
other crops, they succumb. We have surely said suffi- 
cient to show the importance of establishing now a 
system of rotation on every farm. What that rota- 
tion should be is purely a local question. In some 
sections it may be a long one, running over five or even 
seven years, in others it should be a short one, not 
exceeding three. In some sections the soil is better 
adapted naturally to one or two crops, and local 
market conditions may make these more profitable 
than others. In some sections a grass sod holds natu- 
rally on the soil and keeps in full vigor for several 
years, whilst in others it will only hold for one or two 
years and then become infested with weeds or become 
so thin on the ground as not to yield profitable crops. 
All these and many other considerations must be 
borne in mind when deciding upon a rotation. The 
one thing of importance to decide is that no field shall 
grow two grain crops of the like character in two suc- 
ceeding years. As far as possible determine that an 
exhausting crop shall always be succeeded by a recu- 
perating crop. In a section where red clover does well, 
let this be one of the crops to come on the land at least 
once in each rotation, and in the South this can 
usually be more than accomplished, for here we can 
grow a red clover crop in the summer and a crimson 
clover crop in the winter. Where clover does not suc- 
ceed well, then let cow peas, soy beans and vetches 
take the place of the red clover. These are all recuper- 
ating crops. They take nitrogen from the atmosphere 
and fix it in the soil for the benefit of the succeeding 
crops. We have known a crimson clover crop to in- 
crease the yield of a corn crop 25 bushels to the acre, 
and a cow pea crop to increase a wheat crop 10 bush- 
els to the acre. The vetch crop is even more success- 
ful in fixing nitrogen than the cow pea. In an ex- 
periment made at Cornell Experiment Station, !N\ Y., 
it was found that a crop of hairy vetch had secured 
256 pounds to the acre, as against an average of 52 
pounds secured by cow peas in the section where they 
are most successfully grown. In the central and 
coast plain of the Southern States, where a grass sod 
does not usually hold well to the soil a three or four 
years' rotation is, in our opinion, the one likeliest to 
be adopted with success, whilst in the Piedmont sec- 
tions and further West a five or six years' course will 
be best and most profitable. Whatever length of time 
is decided upon, never wait so long to break up a grass 
sod as to allow it practically to die out. Not only 
will it in such a case be an unprofitable field for either 
a hay meadow or a pasture in the last year or two, 
but it will cause the loss of the vegetable matter of the 



grass and the roots which it is always an important 
matter to consider, as these tend so largely to add to 
the humus in the soil. Break a sod always when it 
is beginning to fail, and not when it has failed. Put 
the coarse manure of the barnyard on the sod in the 
fall and break for corn. A clover sod should in like 
manner be utilized by breaking it for wheat. It will 
supply the nitrogen needed by the crop, and thus make 
the cost of production much less and the certainty of 
a good yield greater. By watching these chances of 
securing help to succeeding crops much economy in 
production can be secured, and at the same time the 
fertility of the land not be impaired, but be enhanced. 



PLANT FOOD AND CROP PRODUCTION. 

In our last issue we discussed at some length a part 
of the bulletin issued by the Bureau of Soils of 1ms 
Department of Agriculture, which, as we then stated, 
we regard as one of the most valuable contributions to 
the science of crop production ever issued. We pro- 
pose now to take up other points in the bulletin. As 
pointed out in our last article, the texture of the soil 
influences the climate of the soil in that it affects the 
water supply and the temperature under which the 
crop is produced. The actual distribution of the wa- 
ter which falls, and the supply of water to the crop, is 
regulated almost entirely by the physical character- 
istics of the soil. So far as the necessary water sup- 
ply of crops is concerned, therefore the crop is not 
dependent directly upon the rainfall, but upon the 
daily and hourly supply which can be delivered by the 
soil to the roots of the plants, whether the ultimate 
source of supply is from rainfall irrigation or seepage. 
The influence of the texture of the soil upon the yield 
of crops is strikingly shown in the cropping of the 
light sandy soils of the Atlantic coast, which, because 
of the light yield of corn and wheat, are used almost 
exclusively for truck crops, and in the use of the 
Hagerstown loam and clay of the Lancaster area of 
Pennsylvania, the valley of Virginia and the blue 
grass region of Kentucky and Tennessee in produc- 
ing hay and grain. For the same reason the Miami 
black clay loam of Ohio and Illinois is used for corn, 
the sandy soils of Virginia for bright, yellow tobacco, 
and the clay soils of the same State for the heavy 
mamifacturing and export tobacco. The investiga- 
tions of the Bureau indicate approximately the same 
amount, and the same proportions, of plant food per 
unit of soil solution in these differest types of soil. 
The physical properties, however, are very different. 
The Miami clav loam maintains usuallv from 25 to 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE. 



751 



30 per cent, of water. The Norfolk sand maintains 
usually only about 6 per cent of water. The Miami 
clay, with good methods of cultivation, yields 60 or 
80 bushels of corn to the acre. Experiments have 
shown that every pound of dry matter in the corn 
crop requires about 300 or 400 pounds of water to 
make it. The corn plant would presumably require 
as much water per pound whether grown on the Nor- 
folk sand or on the Miami clay, but because it cannot 
obtain this in the Norfolk sand the crop there only 
makes from 8 to 10 bushels to the acre. The amount 
of soluble plant food in both soils is practically the 
same. The water holding capacity of the soil and its 
power to deliver this to the plant is the cause of the 
difference in yield, and this water holding power is 
affected largely by the texture of the soil and its phy- 
sical conditions as controlled by cultivation. Another 
influence controlling the yield of crops is rotation. 
This is well illustrated by the Eothampstead wheat 
experiments. There the yield of wheat grown con- 
tinuously without manure or fertilizer for fifty years 
has been reduced from 33^ bushels to 15 bushels. 
Where wheat has been rotated with roots, barley, 
clover, beans or fallow, the wheat being sown every 
fourth year for forty-four years without the addition 
of manure or fertilizer, the yield of wheat has not 
been sensibly reduced. The yield of wheat even where 
the roots were carted off and the land left in fallow 
being 33| bushels in 1883, as against 30£ bushels in 
1857, and 35 bushels in 1859. The yield of wheat 
in this same experiment on land where mixed mineral 
and nitrogenous manures and fertilizers has been used 
in some part of the rotation has not been sensibly 
larger. In this case, then, by a simple rotation and 
change of cultural methods from year to year with the 
change of crop the yield of wheat has been maintained 
practically constant for forty-four years, whereas the 
yield of wheat under continuous culture has fallen 
one-half in the same time. This decrease can be 
ascribed only to some physical change in the soil, to 
some chemical change other than the actual loss of 
plant food, or possibly to the accumulation of disease 
germs, insects, etc., which it is known frequently oc- 
curs where rotation is not practiced. Another in- 
fluence affecting the yield of a crop is the variety of 
seed used. Just why this should influence the yield 
has never been determined. It is due unquestion- 
ably to other factors in plant growth, possibly to sea- 
sonal changes, conditions of cultivation, or other in- 
fluences of which we know nothing. It may be that 
the great variation in the yield from different varie- 
ties of seed are really due to the condition of the pre- 
ceding crop or the vitality and state of maturity of the 



seed, but so far as known the differences are due to 
the kind of seed used as influenced by the condition 
of the soil and climate. 

In further discussion of the part played by com- 
mercial fertilizers in the yield of crops, the authors 
of the bulletin say : "If the generalizations contained 
in the bulletin to the effect that the soil moisture has 
sensibly the same composition in different types of 
soil and in soil under good and poor methods of culti- 
vation, and that there is more of these fertilizing in- 
gredients in all soils than the plant actually needs be 
sustained, it may well be that the role of fertilizers re- 
quires other explanations than those now generally 
accepted." The fundamental idea in the use of com- 
mercial fertilizers has been that of supplying plant 
food in an available form. It is significant that other 
conditions of growth have so much influence on the 
yield that in but very few instances, even after long 
continued experiment, has it been demonstrated that 
any particular fertilizing ingredient or ingredients 
are required for any particular soil, and that even 
then the effect of the fertilizer varies so greatly from 
year to year that no specific law has been worked out 
from which the fertilizing requirements could be de- 
duced. It is a fact admitting of no argument thai 
fertilizers rarely take the place of efficient methods of 
cultivation and of cropping in increasing or maintain- 
ig crop yields. With the present methods of cultiva- 
tion the difference between the yield of 8 bushels of 
wheat per acre on the Cecil clay in North Carolina 
and 25 to 30 bushels per acre on the same soil in 
Maryland cannot be adjusted by the application of 
any kind or any amount of fertilizers to the North 
Carolina soil. The idea now held by the Bureau of 
Soils as a result of the investigation is that the ratio 
of the nutrient elements (plant food) in normal soils 
does not play a very important part in the yield of 
crops, or, to be more explicit, low yields are usually 
related to the physical condition and characteristics 
of the soil. The conclusions drawn by the authors of 
the bulletin from a consideration of all the data of the 
experiments made, is that plants can and do yield 
ordinary crops though growing in soils containing 
very small traces of all the plant foods, while if the 
amount of these plant foods is increased a thousand 
times, as in the case of the alkali soils of the West, 
where potash, lime, phosphoric acid and nitrates are 
frequently found in very large amounts, they are un- 
able to give corresponding increases in the yield. On 
the contrary, the yield from these arid soils under 
irrigation is no greater than that obtained from the 
soils of the humid regions which contain far less of 
these mineral plant foods, provided the season in the 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[D'ecember 



humid region is just right, or that irrigation be prac- 
ticed. The exhaustive investigation of many types 
of soil by very accurate methods of analysis under 
many conditions of cultivation, and of cropping in 
areas yielding large crops, and in adjoining areas 
yielding small crops, has shown that there is no ob- 
vious relation between the amount of the several nu- 
tritive elements in the soil and the yield of the crops — 
that is to say, that no essential chemical difference 
has been found between the solution produced in a 
soil yielding a large crop of wheat and that in a soil 
of the same character in adjoining fields giving much 
smaller yields. The conclusion logically follows 
that on the average farm the great controlling factor 
in the yield of crops is not the amount of plant food 
in the soil, hit is a physical factor the exact nature of 
which is yet to be determined. It is not to be deduced 
from this that fertilizers do not frequently increase 
the yield of crops, but whether this increase is due 
to an actual increase of the plant food in the soil, to 
an early stimulation of the plant to enable it to get 
its roots out into a sufficient volume of soil, or to some 
physiological or physical effect, is not altogether clear. 
The results of these investigations also seem to indi- 
cate that the actual quantity of water a soil can fur- 
nish the plant, irrespective of the percentage of water 
actually present in the soil has probably a very im- 
portant influence on the yield. The conclusion seems 
justified, that although differences in the dissolved 
salt content (plant food) or in the concentration and 
composition of the soil moisture may be a factor in the 
yield as ivell as quality of a crop, it does not appear to 
be a major one in determining or controlling the wide 
variations observed in crop yields on different soils. 
It appears further that practically all soils contain 
sufficient plant food for good crop yields, that this 
supply will be indefinitely maintained, and that this 
actual yield of plants adapted to the soil depends 
mainly under favorable climatic conditions upon the 
cultural methods and suitable crop rotation — a con- 
clusion strictly in accord with the experience of good 
farm practice in all countries. 



TALL CORN. 



In a recent issue, replying to a correspondent who 
asked whether it was not possible to secure a shorter 
growing corn in the South by using Northern seed, we 
replied that there was no means known to us of pre- 
venting corn from becoming much taller in the South 
than in the North and West, and that if Northern 
seed was used it would at once commence to grow tall, 



and in two or three years would become as tall as that 
grown from Southern seed. N This reply was founded 
on practical experience. We have known the experi- 
ment tried and it resulted as we state. Our long 
growing season and a climate specially congenial to 
the corn plant, causes this. The Editor of the Prac- 
tical Earmer (Prof. Massey), in a recent issue of that 
paper, takes partial issue with us on this subject, and 
contends that with care in selection of the seed for a 
number of years much may be done to correct this ap- 
parently natural tendency of the corn plant here, 
and that we can get rid of the very tall stalks with 
only one ear growing near the top. Whilst experi- 
ments made in the West go to show that a great in- 
crease can be made in the yield by selection and care- 
ful breeding of corn for a series of years, yet we doubt 
much whether this will largely affect the height to 
which the stalks will grow in this Southern climate. 
Prof. Massey suggests Cocke's Prolific as the variety 
to use in endeavoring to correct the tall growing habit. 
Whilst we agree with Prof. Massey in the advisa- 
bility of selecting Cocke's Prolific as the variety to 
use for experimenting, yet this agreement is not based 
on the idea that its use would result in a shorter corn, 
but rather that it would result in a greater yielding 
corn. Cocke's Prolific is one of the tallest growing 
corns we know, and one which takes the longest time 
to complete its growth. In this respect it is well 
adapted to our climatic conditions. It originated in 
the James River Valley west of Richmond, and has 
been there bred to great perfection. The greatest 
corn yield ever made in the State, 160 bushels to the 
acre, was made by Cocke's Prolific grown near by 
Bellmead, where the variety originated. The grower 
of this crop, Mr. H. E. Wood, sent us a large bundle 
of the stalks of this crop to let us see the character of 
the same. These stalks ran all the way from 14 to 
18 feet tall. The peculiarity, however, and this is 
characteristic of the variety and what makes it so 
valuable, was in the number of ears on the stalks. 
On the tallest stalk sent us there were 11 ears of corn, 
and none of the stalks had less than four ears on them. 
The average number of ears on a stalk throughout the 
crop was not less than two, and a very large propor- 
tion had three good ears. Now, with such a produc- 
tion of ears possible, we see no reason why we should 
desire a shorter stalk. If, in addition to producing 
from two to three ears on the stalk, we can also get 
the great increase of fodder, which a tall stalk gives, 
we surely need not seek to alter the habit of the va- 
riety. One thing is perfectly certain, that without a 
tall stalk and a great leafage on the stalk we can 
never secure a variety that will also give a great num- 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



ber of ears, for the seed bearing possibility of all 
plants is largely controlled by luxuriance of growth. 
Without the stalk and leaves to elaborate the sap and 
juices of the plant and convert them by nature's 
methods largely into seed vessels and seed no great 
yield of seed or fruit can be looked for from any 
plant. A healthy and luxuriant foliage on any plant 
is a sina qua non for successful seed and fruit bearing 
and in this respect corn is no exception. We quite 
agree with Prof. Massey that it is desirable to get rid 
as far as possible of the tall growing corn so common 
in the South, each stalk carrying only at most one 
ear, and many not an ear at all, and believe that this 
is quite possible by following his suggestions as to se- 
lection of seed, but we see no reason why we should 
desire to get rid of tall growing corn carrying at least 
two oars on each stalk. The heavier the growth we 
can get on an acre of land and the more profit we can 
get out of it if we only utilize that growth as we 
ought to do, and especially is this true of corn where 
analysis shows that nearly one-half of the nutritive 
feed value of the crop is in the stalk and fodder. 



SMALL FARMS WELL TILLED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I strongly and persistently advocate the "small 
farm well tilled." A few years ago a German- Ameri- 
can correspondent of ours came to Norfolk with his 
wife and three small children. The mother was in the 
last stages of consumption and lived only a year after 
reaching this seaport. 

After paying the expenses,, incident to the death 
and burial of his wife, he found himself three dollars 
in debt. His assets comprised a few articles of house- 
hold goods, and three small children and not a dollar 
in his pockets. On the contrary he owed three dollars 
when he began working for one of our market gar- 
deners. 

He soon began, however, to work for himself in a 
small way. Now after a few years he is getting on his 
feet and is considering the purchase of a good farm 
of his own. Having accumulated considerable money 
and learned all about the trucking business , he is now 
in a position to buy. 

At my suggestion he has been keeping close ac- 
count of a little field or piece of his market garden. 
He selected a plat, which, by measurement, contained 
a little less than one-third of an acre of land. 

On the 15th of September, 1903, he sowed it to 
spinach, which he marketed in January, 1903 ; selling 
fifty barrels at one dollar and fifty cents per barrel; 



and twenty-one barrels at two dollars per barrel. Hi- 
expense account with the one-third acre was as fol- 
lows : Cost of barrels, thirteen dollars and eighty-one 
cents; cost to cut spinach, four dollars and ninety- 
seven cents; cost of fertilizer, six dollars and fifty 
cents ; freight to New York, ten dollars and sixty-five 
cents; commission for selling in New York, nine dol- 
lars and thirty-six cents; seed, forty cents. 

By adding these items of expense together, and de- 
ducting the same from the gross sales, one will see 
that the spinach crop netted him seventy-one dollars 
and thirty cents from the one-third acre, clear of all 
expense. 

The last days in February or first week in March 
he set out lettuce on this one-third acre, and in April, 
1903, sold one hundred and thirty-five baskets of let- 
tuce, at two dollars per basket, or two hundred and 
seventy dollars. His expense on the lettuce crop was : 
Baskets, nine dollars and forty-five cents; freight, 
eighteen dollars and ninety cents; commission for 
selling, twenty-one dollars and sixty cents; fertilizer, 
five dollars ; labor, seventy-five cents ; leaving two 
hundred and fourteen dollars and forty cents net 
profit after deducting all expenses. 

Before the lettuce was sold, in April, he planted 
snap beans between the rows ; but the crop was not a 
success, yet he realized a little over ten dollars clear 
profit from the beans. We here see a clear net profit 
of two hundred and ninety-four dollars and sixty-one 
cents from less than one-third of an acre, inside of 
nine months: from the 15th September, 1902, to 15th 
of June, 1903. These nine months included the win- 
ter months, and there were three 2'rowinff mouths left 
in the year yet — from June 1 5th around to September 
15th, in which our friend could have grown another 
crop, and thus made his net cash profit, on one-third 
acre, in one year's time, more than three hundred dol- 
lars. 

Now in this case, this man had no great capital, 
and made no special or great effort, and could, in all 
probability, do even better next time. 

Had he been able to have retailed his produce here 
at home, direct to the consumer, he could have made 
much greater profit; but he sent every package of his 
produce to commission men in New York to sell for 
him, and still made, as stated, two hundred and nine- 
ty-four dollars and sixty-one conts r from ono-third of 
an acre, in nine months time. 

Of course all can not do as this poor but thrifty 
farmer did ; simply or mainly because they do nofi 
have the climate, soil and markets to aid them; brr 
there are several hundred thousand acres of land i \ 
Eastern Virginia, which, if carefully and thoroughly 



754 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[December 



cultivated, and the produce harvested and marketed in 
a businesslike manner, would yield a net cash return ; 
which would astonish the Western wheat and corn 
grower. 

I plead earnestly for intensive farming. Give us 
good thorough intensive farmers and farming in East- 
ern Virginia for a f ew years, and we will show you 
extensive and very satisfactory results. 

If one is near to a good local market, or has a cheap 
freight rate to reach a half million consumers, let 
him put in a five acre garden ; and, after his family 
is supplied, ship the balance, and see if the five acres 
in garden crops do not return more clear profit than 
forty acres in corn or wheat. 

Do not try to cover too much land, but cover it well. 
This should be the aim of every tiller of the soil; 
especially of every one who lives in this mild and mid- 
dle latitude, near-the-sea, which insures an equable 
climate, a liberal well distributed rainfall, cheap 
transportation, and easy access to ten million con- 
sumers. 

If Eastern Virginia is once thoroughly and inten- 
sively tilled it will be able to furnish "garden sass" 
for more than fifty million consumers. 

Norfolk county. A. Jeffees. 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of J The Southern P/an- 
fcr,*Richmond, Va.,"not*later than'the 15th of the month for 
replies to appearjin thejnext month's|issue.j"~ 



Cotton Seed Hulls, Corn Shucks, English Peas, Irish 
Potato Planting in December, Wood Ashes, 
Manure. 

1. Are cotton seed hulls at 50 cents per hundred 
valuable for feeding milch cows ? 

2. Are corn husks fed alone as good for milch cows 
as the stalk fodder ? 

3. Which is better to plant English peas in Decem- 
ber or February for early crop ? 

4. Should potatoes planted in December be cut or 
be planted whole ? 

5. Are pure dogwood ashes worth 10 cents per 
bushel for a fertilizer for garden truck and what kind 
of truck are they best for ? 

6. Should manure put on plowed ground this fall 
be scattered and harrowed in ? 

7. Will it pay me to haul manure for one mile at 
30 cents for a one-horse load that has sawdust in it ? 

J. L. Beitton. 
Mecklenburg county, Va. 

1 . The digestible nutrients in cotton seed hulls are 



less than are contained in j>at straw. The protein 
and carbo-hydrates are less, the fat a little more. For 
feed therefore they are only worth the price of straw. 

2. There is very little difference in the digestible 
nutrients in shucks and stalk fodder. As feed they 
are about of equal value. 

3. In your section we would plant the English peas 
in December if we could get them in on well prepared 
land and a nice seed bed not too wet. February is 
often a wet month and one in which it is difficult to 
get a good seed bed. If the ground is, however, in 
nice order they will do well sown in February. 

4. We would plant the sets whole in December. 

5. We cannot find an analysis of dogwood ashes 
but presume they will be about as rich in potash as 
other hard woods. This varies from 4 to 5 per cent, 
in unleached ashes. This potash is worth about 4 
cents per pound, say 16 to 20 cents per hundred 
pounds of ashes. The other main constituent of the 
ashes is lime, which has, of course, some value, but 
not much should be added to the price of potash for 
this. Ashes are valuable to use on all the potash lov- 
ing crops like Irish potatoes and cabbages and also 
for fruit trees. 

6. Scatter the manure at once but there is no im- 
mediate necessity to harrow it in. This can be done 
when preparing the land for the crop. 

7. If the stock making the manure is well fed stock 
it should pay to haul it that distance and pay 30 cents 
per load for it though we should prefer to have it 
without the sawdust. There is no value in the saw- 
dust except in so far as it may help to lighten a piece 
of heavy land. — En. 



Corn on Wire Grass Land, 

Please publish the best way to work corn on sandy 
wire grass land. . . A. T. Beooke. 

Essex county, Va. 

Corn and wire grass will not grow successfully to- 
gether. Land infested with wire grass should b© 
cleared of this before planting in corn. The way to 
clear it is to shade it densely. This may be done with 
a crop of peas or with corn planted thickly for fod- 
der or with sorghum planted for a forage crop. Peas 
are the best as they will improve the land at the same 
time as they are killing out the grass. The pets should 
have a good dressing of acid phosphate given them, 
say 300 or 400 pounds to the acre, to insure a heavy 
crop. Wire grass must have sun or it will not grow. 
We once saw a field with one of the heaviest wire grass 
sods on it cleaned almost entirely of it in one year 
with a heavy crop of corn grown for fodder. The 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



755 



year following only a small patch here and there 
where the corn had been thin made an attempt to grow 
and these were dug out and a perfectly clean field was 
the result. It then grew a fine crop of corn. If the 
land is not rich give the corn some acid phosphate, 
say 300 or 400 pounds to the acre, to ensure a good 
growth. It is folly to try to grow corn for the grain 
and wire grass together. It cannot be done. The wire 
grass will beat the corn every time. — Ed. 



Farm Management. 

About six years ago I took charge of this place, 
which belongs to a gentleman from New York. He 
has been coming here about four months in the year, 
but now his boys are going to school and he will not be 
able to come down for so long and consequently asks 
me to reduce expenses. When I took charge of this 
place it was like many places in the South, run down 
by continually planting corn. I have brought it up 
with the help of your valuable paper to bring about 
5 to 6 barrels of corn to the acre, where it brought 
2 to 3 before. I have also raised all the hay to keep 
six head of cattle and four of horses, and will be able 
to sell 10 to 12 tons of hay in addition. How can 60 
acres of land be made to pay when I have to drive five 
miles to a depot and 25 miles to the nearest town and 
with no opportunity to get a separator if I should 
raise grain. Would, it pay to buy a separator and 
reaper ? 

What are the rules in taking a farm on shares ? 

Stafford county. Va. A Subscriber. 

We do not think that you would do wisely to buy 
a separator and reaper for such a crop of small grain 
as you could raise on a 60 acre farm after setting 
apart the land you would put in corn, hay and pas- 
ture. It would seem to us that the best course for you 
to follow would be to make the place into a dairy 
farm. You are on the main line to Washington City 
and not too far from it to ship your dairy products 
there, where there is an unlimited market for these 
products when made of fine quality. Make butter or 
ship cream and use the skim milk to raise calves and 
hogs for veal and pork. Mr. Sandy, whose farm we 
described in the last issue, is much further from this 
market than you are from Washington and he has 
made a success by the adoption of this course. 

The terms of renting on shares vary in different 
sections. Here it is the custom very generally to pay 
one-third but often other arrangements are made, de- 
pendent upon the help given by the owner of the farm 
in developing and improving it. — Ed. 



used acid phosphate, after digging the peas I sowed 
the land in rye for a fallow. This spring I plowed 
the rye under, planted the field in corn, which grew 
large, healthy looking stalks, but not more than two- 
thirds of the stalks eared. Can you tell me why the 
stalks failed to ear ? J. Roper Johnson. 

Dinwiddie county, Va. 

A prolific source of so many barren stalks of corn 
in our corn fields is the permitting of these barren 
stalks to tassel and pollenize the other corn. Every 
barren stalk should be cut out before it tassels or the 
tassel be cut off before it opens. There can be no 
doubt but that the principle of "like producing like" 
obtains in the vegetable kingdom as well as in the ani- 
mal. A great addition could be made to our corn crop 
every year if only the practise of cutting out barren 
stalks was carefully followed every year all over the 
State. — Ed. 



Barren Corn Stalks, 

Last year I planted a field of peanuts on which I 



White Pine, 

Will you kindly tell me through The Planter, 
something about the pruning and care of white pines ? 

Here, in exhausted and worn out fields the pine 
grows luxuriantly and were it not for knots, makes a 
beautiful and useful lumber. They come from seed 
only, and often a thousand will cluster about a sin- 
gle parent tree. Can we not prune these young pines 
and grow a forest, free from limbs and knots ? What 
season is most favorable for this work ? 

One dead pine infested with a certain worm some- 
times proves disastrous to the entire surroundings and 
I am told that it is only at certain seasons that cut- 
ting or pruning endangers the pine. Any informa- 
tion will be appreciated. Rurus T. Cox. 

Carroll county, Va. 

We referred the foregoing enquiry to the Forestry 
Bureau of the Department of Agriculture and have 
been favored with the following reply : 

Replying to your letter of November 12, which has 
been referred to me for attention, I beg to say that the 
only recent literature available in regard to the care 
of planted white pine is contained in an article pub- 
lished in Forestry and Irrigation in July, 1902. By 
applying to Mr. H. M. Suter, Editor, Atlantic Build- 
ing, Washington, D. C, you can secure a copy of this 
journal. Excellent illustrations point out the various 
advantages of artificial trimming and other treatment 
for such planted groves. 

As a rule white pine and other eastern conifers can 
be safely pruned from March to April inclusive. This 
spring pruning is advisable since shortly afterward 
the spring growth of wood begins and if the pruning 
is properly done the wounds are likely to be healed 
over that season. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



The Bureau of Forestry will shortly publish an ex- 
haustive bulletin embodying the results of a careful 
study of planted white pine. In this report will be 
included a chapter on the insect which has become 
so destructive of this species in planted groves. So 
far as we know now the insect does not enter the tree 
through wounds made by trimming. It appears to 
attack the tender leader and other similar portions of 
the tree. As soon as this bulletin becomes available, 
you will receive a copy of it and we believe its con- 
tents will be of great interest to your readers. 
Very truly yours, 

Geo. B. Sudworth, Chief. 



Broomsedge— Red Jersey Hogs, 

Would like to get some practical plan to eradicate 
broomsedge. It takes all vacant land here from new- 
ly cleared new ground to old fields. I have pasture 
sod of different grasses — sowed two and three years 
ago — good rich, fresh land, too, that is rapidly suc- 
cumbing to tbe broomsedge. Nothing but cultivation 
will check it. One does not feel like buying expen- 
sive grass seeds and building fences for pasturces 
when one has nothing but broomsedge in the pasture 
in a short time. 

A friend in Iowa has sent me a pair of Red Jersey 
pigs. Neighbors wish me to keep for breeders, but I 
am partial to Berkshire or Poland Chinas. Are the 
Jerseys considered a good breed ? What are their 
general characteristics ? II. D. Lindsay. 

Surry county, N. C. 

If you could only persuade your neighbours to join 
with you in getting rid of broomsedge you would soon 
be rid of it as it only comes from seed and this is eas- 
ily prevented coming on the plants on your own land 
by running the mower over the pastures before the 
seed ripens. The difficulty is that your neighbors al- 
low their broomsedge to seed and then this seed, like 
thistle seed, flies all over the country and seeds itself 
on every man's land. If, however, you get a good 
sod on your land of the better grasses this will largely 
prevent the broomsedge from getting hold. We know 
of no way to eradicate it but cultivation, though close 
pasturing will tend largely to prevent it spreading and 
becoming troublesome. 

3. The Red Jersey hogs are very popular out in the 
West. Tt is claimed that they make a better bacon 
hog than the Poland Chinas or than the Berkshires 
when corn fed. They make more lean meat. There 
is a much larger demand for them in the East now 
than there was a few years ago. One breeder who ad- 
vertises them with us says that he cannot supply the 
demand he has for pigs, although he keeps a number 
of sows. Give them a trial. They should do avoII 



with you, though like you, we think nothing can beat 
a Berkshire for an all-round useful hog. — Ed. 



Keeping Sausage Meat, 

We have had a great number of replies to "An En- 
quirer" as to keeping sausage meat, etc. We select 
the following from those sent in as being sufficient to 
meet the request : 

Replying to "An Enquirer" in the November issue 
of The Planter: Have your sausage meat clean 
without washing — water left in it causes mould — 
season, then mill it, and at once, while soft from the 
mill, pack closely, leaving no crevices or air pockets. 
Pack in stone vessels, if for winter use — pack smooth- 
ly and evenly full, and paste over the top a skin from 
the side or leaf fat, having first dipped the skin in 
warm water and stretched it until soft and elastic ; or 
if the skins are not at hand, leave a space for an inch 
of warm lard to be poured over your sausage, which 
also makes it air-tight. 

To keep through the summer you must pack in 
small sacks and hang up to cure and dry, the same as 
your hams. I use new, rather thin brown cotton, 10 
inches long. 12 or 14 inches in circumference when 
full. Then paste tightly around each roll, over the 
cotton sack, a skin from the side lard, treated as above. 
This prevents too great evaporation, whereby much 
of the outside would be hard and unfit for use. 

The bladders from your porkers well cleaned, 
turned inside out, and blown up to their full size, keep 
sausage perfectly. Pack tight, tie the mouth and 
hang up to cure. Then in Eebruary or by March 1st 
drop them in thick strong cotton sacks, to keep off in- 
sects, and hang high until wanted for use. 

This same thick cotton — a heavy closely woven un- 
bleached domestic, will keep insects from your hams. 
Trim the hams smooth so the sack will fit without air 
spaces, sew them on with close stitches, leaving no 
holes, sew a loop to one end, hang high and dry, before 
the 1st of March. 

For twenty years, 

Russell County, Va. A Reader. 

Replying to Enquirer in last issue about keeping 
sausage: The only successful plan we have ever pur- 
sued is to put sausage up in the casing, then hang up. 
Smoke it several weeks until thoroughly cured, and 
then put away in sacks or in a dark cool place. It can 
be kept indefinitely this way and is really more deli- 
cious than when fresh. By "casing" I mean the small 
intestines which, of course, have to be thoroughly 
scraped and cleaned. This requires much care asd 
some experience but is well worth the trouble. An 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



757 



ordinary grinder, with stuffer attached, is all that is 
necessary. Care should be used in stuffing to not tear 
the casing and also use a needle to puncture the air 
accumulations. H. I). Lindsay. 

Surry County, Va. 

"An Enquirer" from Pittsylvania county, Va., 
wants to know a method of keeping sausage fresh until 
spring. Make a sack of the best and closely woven 
cotton goods, three inches wide when smoothed out 
(i. e., cloth over six inches before doubling and sew- 
ing) about thirty inches or more long to suit taste and 
cloth ; soak well in strong brine, stuff the sausage into 
the sack with an Enterprise stuffer, stuff so tight that 
the lard will come through the cloth and look like 
frost. Tie the end close to the sausage and hang in a 
dry cold place. A Friend. 

Wythe County, Va. 

In answer to the enquiry as to keeping sausage I 
send a receipt which I use and find the meat keeps 
perfectly as long as required. 

To 20 pounds of sausage meat add 6 tablespoonsful 
of salt, 3 tablespoonsful pepper, and 1 tablespoon of 
red pepper if preferred. Mix thoroughly and pack 
well in stone jars and cover with hot lard, about one 
inch deep. Keep in a cool place. 

T generally pack in one gallon jars, as after they are 
once opened the meat will not keep long exposed to 
the air. Mrs. Dr. ELvlsey. 

Fauquier County, Va. 

I grind nice lean fresh hog meat in the sausage 
mill. To every eight pounds of this ground meat I 
use 5 tablespoons of salt, 4 tablespoons of sage. 2 table- 
spoons of black pepper, f tablespoon of cayenne pep- 
per. I mix this thoroughly and grind the second time 
in sausage mill. 

The day after grinding it I make it into cakes and 
fry it as for eating. T pack these cakes in stone jars 
without crowding, leaving about an inch at the top. 
The next day I melt lard and pour over it, completely 
covering the sausage. This will keep all the year per- 
fectly fresh. Mrs. Slade. 

To keep sausage fresh for spring and summer use, 
prepare it as for table use. that is, make it in small 
cakes and fry it nicely in plenty of fresh lard. Put 
the cakes as fried into crocks and each time pour the 
lard over the sausage that you fried it in, and when 
your crocks are packed full of sausage, let stand till 
cold, then if any of the sausage is not covered with the 
lard, put cold lard enough to thoroughly cover. Then 
tie a cloth over crocks and put a wooden lid on. and set 



aside to use in spring and summer. Sausage put up 

in this way will keep fresh till September following. 

Greene County, Tenn. L. E. Ottinger. 



Curing Hams, 

For the benefit of "Enquirer," Pittsylvania coun- 
ty, Va., I give recipe for curing hams. 

Salt down the pork for about two weeks, take up 
and resalt, with one teaspoonful of saltpetre to each 
ham, and three pounds of brown sugar to each hun- 
dred pounds ; pack down for two weeks more ; take up 
and wash hams in warm water and put them in clean 
sacks of coarse, white cloth, which have been steeped 
in a solution of lime ; hang and smoke for about three 
weeks, and they can then be left hanging the entire 
season. I can assure you no insects will molest them 
if thus prepared. Geo. H. C. Williams. 

Washington, T). C. 



Cotton Opening- 
kins. 



-Draining Land— Feeding Pump- 



I would like to ask your advice, or opinion con- 
cerning cotton bolls on heavy river land caught by the 
recent frost, as to whether you think they will open. I 
have noticed by opening some of the hard bolls, that 
while the lint is dry the seed are not wholly made, 
being very soft. T have over fifty acres of such land 
in cotton and have only picked out 14 bales, while the 
stalks are in most parts yet covered with bolls. 

2. Please give best idea of draining land, where it 
is perfectly flat, and inclosed by dykes. Would you 
suggest making a basin and using "centrifugal 
pumps," and forcing the water over the dykes ; if so, 
what size pump ? And the cost of said pump ? There 
is in this tract of land about 450 acres. 

3. Is there any truth in the saying that feeding 
milch cows on pumpkins will cause them to go dry ? 

Kershaw county, S. C. B. H. Baum. 

1. If the weather keeps dry it is probable that a 
considerable proportion of the bolls will yet open. 

2. The problem of draining such a flat as you de- 
scribe is one for an hydraulic engineer. We have 
known one such flat on the James river drained by 
the use of a pump run by a windmill. In England 
in the Fen district syphons are largely used for this 
purpose. We would suggest that you write The Syd- 
nor Pump and Well Company, of this city, on the 
subject. They have had experience with such prob- 
lems. — En. 



Cabbage Growing— Canada Peas. 

1 . In the October number you advise sowing phos- 
phate on cabbage this fall. Would you broadcast this 
or put it in drill ? 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[D'ecember 



2. What do you think of drilling stable manure 
along the cabbage rows after they are set ? Would this 
be as good as commercial fertilizer ? 

3. I also have a piece of land I intend to set cab- 
bage in next spring. Would you plow this land this 
fall or let lie until next spring? If plowed this fall 
would it be a good plan to sow rye or leave it bare all 
winter ? I expect to manure it over this winter with 
stable manure and it will have to be plowed some time 
in March. 

4. Would you sow Canada peas before or after 
Christmas ? Would like to sow oats with them. 

Henrico Subscriber. 

1. If you apply more than 500 pounds to the acre 
put it on broadcast. If less than this amount apply 
in the drill mixing it well with the soil. 

2. We would prefer to apply the manure in the 
drill covering it before setting the plants. If, how- 
ever, it is not convenient to do this from the fact of 
the manure not then being available then a top dress- 
ing later would no doubt help them. If plenty of 
manure is available you can do without commercial 
fertilizer, but as cabbages call for a large quantity of 
potash and phosphoric acid, in which elements farm 
yard manure is always lacking, a dressing of these 
two plant foods along with the manure will be an ad- 
vantage. 

3. We would plow the land now but it is too late 
to sow rye to get much growth from it before time to 
set the cabbages in the spring. Apply the manure on 
the plowed land and then cross plow to cover the 
manure or work in with the cultivator. 

4. In this issue you will find advice as to sowing 
Canada peas and oats. — En. 



smaller than is sufficient for this purpose apply in the 
drill.— Ed. ' 



Protecting Cabbage Plants— Manuring for Cab- 
bages. 

1. Would it be well to cover cabbage plants with 
hay or straw laid on the plants or to put poles over 
them and lay the hay on the top of the poles ? 

2. Is it better to put manure for cabbages on broad- 
cast or apply it in the drill ? W. W. Webster. 

Dinividdie county, Va. 

1. A very slight protection is usually sufficient for 
cabbage plants in this section. Pine branches placed 
around the bed and in the bed amongst the plants is 
usually sufficient. If the weather comes very severe 
some hay spread lightly over the branches woxild af- 
ford ample protection. Do not put the bay directly 
on the plants as it would lay too close and cause them 
to rot. 

2. This depends on the quantity to be used. If a 
heavy dressing is available, sufficient to cover the 
whole plot thickly, apply broadcast. If the quantity is 



Stencil Ink. 

Will you give me through your columns a good re- 
ceipt for making stencil ink to use with a brush for 
brass stencils, something that will stand weather and 
not rub ? Is it possible to make a white stencil ink ? 

X. Y. Z. 

We regret that we are unable to comply with this 
request. We know nothing of making inks. Inks of 
every color for stencils can be hand from The South- 
ern Stamp and Stationery Company, Richmond, 
Va.— Ed. 



Drain Tiles. 

Will you let me know the address of some one from 
whom I could get drain tile? I would rather deal 
directly with the manufacturer. 

Jar. T. Garrow. 

Warwick Co., Va. 

The Powhatan Clay Manufacturing Company, 
Richmond, Va., make drain tiles. — Ed. 



APPLES WANTED ABROAD. 

Some time ago we called attention to the short 
apple crop of Europe, suggesting that there would be 
a good outlet for American apples on the other side 
this fall and winter. Late advices have shown that 
this view was correct. Shipments of apples have 
been very heavy of late, but the demand for them is 
so large that prices are well maintained. At Ham- 
burg last week American apples brought from $2.66 
to $5.56 per barrel, choice Kings topping the list. At 
London the range was from $2.14 to $4.84, with 
prime Greenings at the top ; and at Liverpool from 
$2.42 to $5.20, Albermarle pippins at the outside 
price. With such a foreign market and a crop not 
any too large apple growers should realize good re- 
turns from the orchards which have produced fruit 
this year. 



An old broom is useful in the stable to clean the 
thickest mud from the horses' legs. Einish up with 
a coarse cloth or a handful of clean straw. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Plmnter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



759 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The planting of cabbage an 1 lettuce crops in the 
trucking sections of the State has proceeded with very 
little interruption from bad weather and the plants 
set out have been able to make a start quite sufficient 
for the time of the year. This work may still pro- 
ceed until we have severe weather but provision 
should be made for protecting the lettuce plants in 
case of severe weather by mulching and by shading 
with pine boughs on the north and east sides of the 
beds. Young lettuce plants intended for setting out 
in early spring should also have protection given in 
case of hard weather, but so long as the weather keeps 
mild leave them exposed, as protecting them in such 
weather only makes them more susceptible to the hard 
weather. Lettuce set out in cold frames should have 
the lights off during the day in all mild weather. They 
require all the air possible until cold weather sets in. 
When really severe weather may be expected mats or 
straw should be kept handy to put over the lights. As 
the plants are cut for the table or for market new 
plants should be set out in the places thus keeping the 
beds full. 



The pruning and cleaning up of the orchard and 
small fruit plantations should receive attention. Burn 
all prunings and trash and thus destroy insects and 
fungoid spores. 



Strawberries may still be set out though it is ques- 
tionable whether it is not better to defer planting until 
spring when the work has been so long delayed. 
Wherever plants are now set out they should be 
mulched with pine tags or short straw to prevent heav- 
ing of the plants by frost. 



In Tidewater and Middle Virginia and Eastern 
North Carolina Irish potatoes may be set for a very 
early crop. We have had very satisfactory reports 
from a number of subscribers who have tried this De- 
cember planting. Special care, however, must be 
taken in planting. The land should be deeply plowed 
and finely broken and the rows be then opened very 
deep by running the plow twice in each row, and the 
land should be a dry sandy loam. Apply a good po- 
tato fertilizer in the rows and mix with the soil. Then 
drop the sets which should be uncut and of medium 
size at the usual distance apart and cover lightly with 
soil. On top of the soil a good covering of farm yard 



manure should be spread and on this plow a furrow 
from each side, thus making a ridge over the set. This 
ridge should be harrowed down in the early spring. 
If the plants should show signs of coming through the 
soil before danger of frost is past plow a light fur- 
row on to them. 



A NEW ENGLAND FARMING COMMUNITY. 



A Connecticut Orchard. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

While at the American Pomological Society meet- 
ing at Boston I was invited by Mr. J. H. Hale, the 
newly elected President, to visit him at his home. I 
accepted with pleasure for Mr. Hale is the greatest 
peach grower in the world and a recognized authority 
on peaches and I knew it afforded me a fine oppor- 
tunity to learn. Mr. Hale is a man of unusual parts, 
his mind is of broad and comprehensive grasp, quick 
and unerring in judgment ; as a speaker he is strong 
and forcible with a full appreciation of what is hum- 
orous; in business affairs he is energetic, practical, 
and with great faith which is productive of great 
works. His orchards at South Glastonbury, Ct, 
number over 50,000 bearing trees while his orchard 
in Georgia is up in the hundreds of thousands, his 
force of hands between five and six hundred and his 
shipments of fruit go out by the car loads, and train 
loads. Like most men who have attempted great 
things Mr. Hale has been subject to much criticism. 
To grow fruit on the abandoned farms of Connecticut 
or the cotton fields of Georgia was pronounced ab- 
surd, his methods were condemned and his failure was 
freely predicted. But with pluck, tireless energy and 
administrative ability of the highest order Mr. Hale 
kept on and to-day he has one of the best organized 
and most successful agricultural enterprises in the 
Touted States. 

At Hartford we left the K Y., N. H. fr H. R. R. 
and took a trolley running in full view of the State 
House, crowning a hill in a splendid park. It has an 
unusual history for a public building. Three million 
dollars were put at the disposal of six citizens, three 
Democrats and three Republicans. They had the 
building completed in the very best manner and not 
only had no deficit but returned over $70,000 to the 
treasury. 

The trolley line runs through an unique agricultu- 



oO 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



ral community; for fifty miles it extends along a 
broad highway, shaded by handsome elms and sugar 
maples, with farmers' houses built up on either side 
like a continuous street. About every 2£ miles is a 
school house, church, store, post-office and black- 
smith's shop. Thus the farmers have the social ad- 
vantages and conveniences of city life. The political 
system is a most admirably democratic one. The 
country is divided into townships, governed by a 
board selected by the people, Avho levy their own taxes 
and whose treasurer once a year settles with the board 
and with a "town meeting." Ten days before the set- 
tlement his accounts are published in pamphlet form, 
showing every item of disbursement fully and this is 
put in the hands of the people themselves. There are 
often several hundred people present at these "town 
meetings" and they are fully informed about their 
affairs and moneys. 

Mr. Hale's home is an ideal farmer's home, a broad 
veranda, ornamented with running vines, a fountain, 
graceful walks with brilliant flowers artistically 
grouped, so as not to break up, but to heighten the 
effect of the lawn. The house was built in seventeen 
hundred and something out of virgin oak and wrought 
nails by Mr. Hale's great-grandfather. 

Back of the house is a handsome flower garden, 
where colors are massed together with fine effect, and 
behind this a vegetable garden, and fields of strawber- 
ries for plants, and countless young trees in the nur- 
sery for orchards yet to come. Utility is combined 
with ornament, producing a happy effect and sugges- 
ting some valuable lessons for us in Old Virginia. 
One thing I learned in growing tomatoes which may 
be of value to others. The plant is pruned to two 
branches and these are trained by tying to a polo until 
they are six feet high, all branches are pruned off ex- 
cept at the top where a tuft is allowed to grow and 
only the fruit blossoms are left below it. This brings 
tomatoes two or three weeks earlier than the old way 
and masses the fruit on the two stems for three or 
four feet. The plants are set deep in the ground and 
hilled up as they grow, cultivation being clean. This 
method raised the tomatoes which took the medals of 
France, Spain and Italy. The peach orchards show a 
master hand, and the dark green foliage, fine growth 
of new wood — the fruit wood— wide open branches 
extending from tree to tree, tell the story of good care. 
Mr. Hale believes in clean cultivation and goes over 
his bearing trees ten or twelve times a season. This 
year, in trees that were caught by the freeze, he culti- 
vated once and sowed crimson clover and now the 
"round is covered with clover and the usual fall 



growth. The effect has been splendid on the trees, and 
a part of the orchard, cultivated once, shows a decided 
improvement over a part where there was no cultiva- 
tion and where the clover was mowed and left as a 
mulch. Mr. Hale is satisfied that no treatment will 
equal cultivation. A large block of trees which were 
growing up too high were cut back, the top taken out 
of them and now they are full of a vigorous growth 
of new wood and much lower. The best system is the 
broad fiat tree headed low and kept low by cutting 
back. Mr. Hale tells me that in his Georgia orchards 
about half the fruit can be picked while sitting on the 
ground, and none of his trees are allowed to grow high. 
The disc harrow, and spring tooth harrow, gang plow 
with three plows, each about the size of a one-horse 
plow, are the tools principally used. Mr. Hale is 
cleaning up new ground and planting it out, some of 
it being grubbed clean and some of it with the stumps 
left in the ground. 

There was one thing it did me good to hear Mr. 
Hale say : "I'm not afraid of the San Jose Scale any 
more." Last year it broke out in the old bearing 
peach orchard and Mr. Hale killed it last winter with 
the California wash, salt, sulphur and lime. He says 
it can be relied on to do the work and though his cli- 
mate has a greater rainfall than ours it was found 
entirely satisfactory. Winter is the season to use it 
and we should all in the next few months give our 
orchards a good dose of it. It kills other pests besides 
the scale and is good for the tree. I notice that a re- 
cent bulletin of the Geneva (~N. Y.) Experiment Sta- 
tion states that a mixture of lye in the California 
wash does away with the necessity of boiling it. a 
great thing for us if it has been fully proved. 

Erom an observatory we looked down the hillside 
over a forest of peach trees and rolling ground to the 
waters of the broad and beautiful Connecticut river, 
which comes like a silver band through emerald fields 
from Hartford, seven miles away. The great city 
spread out with lofty spire and shining dome before 
us, the broken line of hills beyond the river, the white 
steamboats coming and going, all in the mellow sun- 
shine of a September evening formed a picture of sur- 
passing beauty, that will always come to memory's 
call at the sound of the name "Connecticut." Gone 
forever is the thought of wooden hams and nutmegs 
and instead rise up with pleasing grace, peaches, royal 
in beauty and rich in flavor, views of picturesque love" 
liness and an openhearted hospitality which would 
have done credit to Old Virginia in her palmiest 
days. Sam'i. B. Woods. 

Albemarle county,, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



761 



FRUIT CULTURE IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It was my good fortune to spend nearly two months 
in Southwestern Virginia this fall, returning home 
only a few days ago. I had the opportunity of pay- 
ing particular attention to the apple crop, and made 
observations as to fruit growing in Virginia in gen- 
eral. Your grand old State has many localities where 
the raising of fruit for the market can be conducted 
with great success. The celebrated "Valley of Vir- 
ginia," extending, we might say, from the Potomac, 
on the east, or southeast, by the Blue Ridge, and on 
the west, or northwest, by the Alleghany Mountains, 
has a variety of soils especially adapted to the apple, 
the pear, the plum, the peach, the cherry, the quince 
and the grape, as well as the small fruits — strawber- 
ries, raspberries, blackberries and the like. 

All fruits did well this year in the section of Vir- 
ginia visited, but the apple crop was unusually heavy. 
"Beautiful apples were hauled into the cities of Roa- 
noke and Staunton, and to the principal stations of 
the Norfolk and Western and Chesapeake and Ohio 
railroads, to be packed in barrels and shipped. Some 
lots were intended for export, a considerable fruit 
trade with England, I understand, having developed 
in the past few years. 

I find that the leading apple, on account of its great 
productiveness, fine appearance and excellent quality, 
is the Albemarle pippin. This variety is. undoubtedly 
identical with the Newtown pippin of the north, but 
it has succeeded so admirably in Virginia, and partic- 
ularly in Albemarle county that it is now more gen- 
erally known by its local synonym. (We doubt this 
identity. — Ed. ) 

The Albemarle pippin is shipped to the principal 
cities of the United States, but especially to Wash- 
ington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati and Chicago. Albemarle county is 
still the largest producer, and it is expected that this 
fall's shipments of apples from that county will ex- 
ceed 50,000 barrels. Other counties of Virginia that 
are large producers are Erederick, Augusta, Warren, 
Fauquier, Wythe, Rockingham, Botetourt. Roanoke, 
Montgomery, Nelson and Culpeper, which have been 
mentioned in the order of their importance. Each 
will ship this fall from 10,000 to 25,000 barrels. 

One grower in Roanoke county, twenty miles from 
the city of Roanoke, sold his crop of apples for 
$16,000. J. Coles Terry, of the Bent Mountain dis- 
trict, in the same county, has 4.500 acres at an ele- 
vation of 2,800 feet, where he is raising fruit very 
successfully. His orchards contain mostly Albemarle 
pipin trees. From 25 acres he realized this fall 



$5,500 for the selected apples and has many bushels 
of culls left for cider and vinegar. The product of 
36 trees sold for $455. Mr. Terry has exported some 
of his finest apples to Liverpool, obtaining $11 per 
barrel. Daniel Locke, of Kearneysville, picked 1,800 
busheds of apples from 60 trees, twelve years old. 
They brought $1.30 per barrel. The fruit was of ex- 
cellent quality. A few barrels of the fruit will be 
kept for the St. Louis Exposition. Dr. D. W. Border, 
of the same county, a pioneer fruit grower of the Val- 
ley of Virginia, also had an enormous yield of apples. 
One tree bore 57 bushels, and another 45. His entire 
crop was 2,500 barrels, the largest he ever had. 

The Ben Davis, a Southern apple of showy appear- 
ance and, therefore, very salable, but notoriously defi- 
cient in quality, is also quite prolific in Virginia, 
where it is as popular as in Kentucky, the State of its 
reputed origin. The York Imperial, a Pennsylvania 
variety and a great favorite in that State, also suc- 
ceeds remarkably well in Virginia. The Winesap is 
another popular kind, and, on account of its bright 
color, sells well. There are large orchards in Vir- 
ginia in which this variety predominates. That ex- 
cellent all-round apple, the Smoke House, which orig- 
inated in Lancaster countv, Pennsvlvania, the jrreat- 
est agricultural county in the Union; and the red- 
cheeked Maiden's Blush, of New Jersey origin, are 
the popular autumn varieties of Virginia. Not much 
attention is paid to the summer varieties, but the 
Early Ripe and Yellow Transparent are those mostly 
grown. The Red Astrachan, which is one of the best 
early varieties in the north, ripens unevenly in Vir- 
ginia. 

In the apple districts of Virginia the orchards are 
not limited to 10 or 20 acres as in Pennsylvania, but 
there are commercial orchards hundreds of acres in 
extent, Col. A. M. Bowman, of Salem, a member of 
the Virginia House of Delegates, and President of the 
Diamond Orchard Company, has 45,000 trees (apple 
and peach, but mostly the former), just coming right- 
ly into bearing. Nearby these are orchards of 150 to 
300 acres. This is not equal, to be sure, to the Osage 
Mountain apple district of Missouri, b\it it is quite 
fair for a beginning, as the apple industry of Vir- 
ginia is in its earliest stages of development Possi- 
bly we may yet hear of the equal of that Osage Moun- 
tain orchard of 18,000 acres, as the Stuart Land and 
Cattle Company, of Southwestern Virginia (Russell 
county), owning 40,000 acres of land, was recently or- 
ganized for fruit growing and cattle raising purposes. 
It is to be hoped, however, that this company will not, 
like that in Missouri, limit the number of its varieties 
of apples to two — the Ben Davis and Jonathan. Land 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[December 



suitable for apple culture in the Valley of Virginia 
and on the ridges, can be had, we ascertained, for $10 
to $30 per acre. 

There are some varieties of apples which in Vir- 
ginia attain unusual size, just as the Yellow Bell- 
flower of the State of Washington is twice as large as 
the same variety grown in Pennsylvania. The Penn 
sylvania Fallawater, or Pound, grows to enormous 
proportions. The writer caught one of the elevator 
boys of a Roanoke hotel one day munching an apple 
of this variety, while he directed the operations of the 
car as it ascended and descended. The apple looked 
to be almost as large as his head. The following col- 
loquy took place : "Boy, where did you get that ap- 
ple?" we inquired. "Bought it," he managed to say 
sheepishly, (as though he had been detected in steal- 
ing it), his mouth full of the juicy fruit, and his 
cheeks fairly bulging. "What did you pay ?" was the 
next question. "Three cents," he said. Then raising 
the seat in the elevator he revealed a still larger ap- 
ple. "Two for five ?" we asked. "Yep," he said, with 
a grin. 

The San Jose Scale, that most pernicious insect, 
has made its dreaded appearance in most of the apple 
districts of Virginia. Fortunately, through the en- 
actment of the State law of March, 1896, the pest is 
being successfully combatted. Bulletins replete with 
information on the scale and other injurious insects, 
as well as on fungus and atmospheric diseases of f mit 
trees and plant life, are issued regularly from the Ag- 
ricultural Experiment Station at Blacksburg. and 
sent to the leading fruit growers of the State, as well 
as to all who write for them. Tt is to be regretted that 
Virginia does not appropriate more money for carry- 
ing on this commendable work. 

The trees (following out the recommendations con- 
tained in these bulletins), have been treated with 
either the whale oil soap solution, or the kerosene 
emulsion, or both, at the discretion and convenience 
of the grower. Recently, the head gardener and hor- 
ticulturist of the Norfolk and Western Railway Com- 
pany, Mr. Patrick Eoy, of Roanoke, discovered the 
efficacy of caustic soda for the destruction of the San 
Jose Scale. As to the value of this remedy he has 
been confirmed by the New York State Eruit Grow- 
ers' Association, members of which were engaged this 
vear in 



by the thorough application of this wash in winter or 
early spring. A pure article of lime should be used, 
so as to reduce to a minimum the quantity of gritty 
sediment. The wash can be readily sprayed through 
a Vermorel nozzle. 

The great danger of the orchards of this country 
being overrun by the San Jose Scale makes it impera- 
tive that an unrelentless and unceasing war should be 
waged, and the remedies to be used should be publish- 
ed again and again. There is no excuse for ignorance 
in this matter. Several months ago two physicians of 
the writer's acquaintance, who had gone extensively 
into fruit culture near the city of Reading, purely as 
a business venture, found their orchards infested with 
the scale. Without looking around long for remedies 
they ordered all trees that had been attacked to be cut 
down. Their loss amounts to thousands of dollars, all 
of which could have been saved if the owners of the 
orchards had had the proper knowledge. 

Nine years ago, at a meeting of the State Board of 
Agriculture, the writer presented a report making 
known the first appearance of the San Jose Scale in 
Pennsylvania, and gave the remedies that should be 
used, recommending more particularly the whale oil 
soap solution, to be applied to the bark of tree on 
which the scale had appeared, the application to be 
made while the trees were in dormant condition. By 
the following year the scale had made such progress 
that its presence was reported in twelve counties. Now 
in this year of grace, 1003, there is scarcely one of the 
sixty-seven counties of the State, in which it has not 
appeared. The necessity for vigorous action is thus 
apparent. Cyrus T. Fore, 

Reading, Pa., Nov. 20, 1903. State Pomologist. 



SMALL CANNING FACTORIES. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Now that winter has come and work in the garden 
and orchard is not pressing, we can figure some on 
broadening our work next year. Why not think of 
starting a small cannery next year? If there had 
been more small canneries in Southwest Virginia this 
year a large per cent, of the immense apple crop that 
wasted could have been canned up at a good profit 
a series' of experiments with caustic soda, in I While we must not expect such a crop next season, 



connection with lime and sulphur. 

This new wash for ridding tress of the San Jose 
Scale consists of 33 pounds of lime, 17 pounds of sul- 
phur and from 3 to 4 pounds of caustic soda to one 
barrel of water, mixed without boiling, thus saving 
expense and much labor. The scale can be controlled 



still, other fruits can be put up at a profit and toma- 
toes can be grown at the rate of one to three hundred 
bushels per acre. I have grown them in this county 
(Montgomery) at the rate of four hundred bushels 
per acre. Perhaps there is no other vegetable for can- 
ning that pays better than the tomato. Canned to- 



190SJ 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



763 



matoes are one of the standard articles of the grocery- 
man. There is always a demand for them. 

People in Virginia and other Southern States are 
consuming more frnits and vegetables each year. It 
is being found out that we can grow large quantities 
of fruits and vegetables on our soils with compara- 
tively small outlay. Sometimes the market prices go 
down and these products do not pay well to ship. Just 
here the small cannery comes in and not only saves 
what might otherwise go to loss, but makes a hand- 
some profit. It puts fruit growing and truck farming 
on a more sure basis. 

The cost of small canning factories is now so low 
that each individual grower may have one. 

Two years ago when I completed some experiments 
with a small canning outfit which I had put up for j 
experimental purposes, and had published the results' 
of my experiments, I received a number of letters j 
from almost every Southern State asking for more in- j 
formation upon the subject. I advocated strongly thei 
establishment of small canning factories in connection ■ 
with cotton gins, where there is a water supply andj 
the boiler and house lie idle during the canning sea- 1 
son. Now there are a large number of small canning 
factories in Texas where these experiments were car- 
ried on. And since T have come back to my native 
State I am informed that Botetourt and Roanoke 
counties can more tomatoes than any other two coun- 
ties in the United States. I am glad to know that Vir- 
ginia is wakening up along this line. The money that 
is usually spent for these things may be kept at home. 
It was formerly believed that canning factories were 
very costly, and this belief has retarded development 
of the canning-industry in the Southern States. 

The first outlay for my canning factory was $340, 
and the capacity was estimated at 5,000 cans per day. 
However, to be more accurate, I will give here some 
quotations from the catalog of a firm that sells small 
canning outfits and of whom I purchased mine. 

Capacity estimated at 3,000 3 pound cans or 5,000 
2 pound cans per day. Kettles set in brick work or 
attached to steam boiler. Process kettle, 36 inches in 
diameter by 36 inches deep, $18.00; exhaust kettle. 
36 inches in diameter by 24 inches deep, $16.00; 
scalding kettle, 30 inches in diameter by 24 inches 
deep. $14.00; 3 sets grate bars, 3 furnace doors, or 3 
steam coils if boiler is used. $15.00; 2 gasoline fire 
pots, complete, $32.00 : 2 6-tier process crates, 
$14.00 ; 2 1-tier exhaust crate, $7.00 ; 1 set crane fix- 
tures, $10.00; 4 capping machines, $3.00: 4 copper 
cappers, $4.00; 2 tipping cappers, $1.00: 2 scalding 
baskets, $2.00; 1 forging handle, 25 cents; 1 forging 
stake, $2.50; 1 vise, $2.50; } dozen files, $1.35; 2 



pair can tongs, 70 cents; 1 forging hammer, $1.00; 
1 floor truck, $12.00; 2 dozen peeling knives, $2.00; 
total, $158.30. 

Such a plant would can everything except corn and 
beans. For these two things a closed top kettle is nec- 
essary, and this would cost about $120.00. At least 
a 15 H. P. boiler should be used. A building 20x45 
feet is necessary, also good clean water in abundance. 
If the boiler is placed in a separate room it is much 
better on account of the heat. I am informed that 
a number of persons in Virginia have their kettles set 
in brick work. While this method is much less costly, 
it is much more inconvenient. The kettles are more 
difficult to clean and the capacity is lessened. 

I have had a great many letters asking questions on 
the subject how to can. Full instructions on this 
subject are sent by the factory people when the ma- 
chinery is sold. However, the Virginia Experiment 
Station at Blacksburg has just published an excel- 
lent bulletin on '•'processing," which can be had by 
writing for it. 

In starting a factory one should have an expert for 
a short while. Labor is usually paid for by the piece 
or job. Women and children usually do the best 
work. The prices paid will vary in each locality. The 
following, I consider, a low estimate: Peeling toma- 
toes, per 2f gallon bucket, 11 cents; peeling apples, 
per 2^ gallon bucket, 24 cents ; string beans, per 2£ 
gallon bucket, 3 cents ; husking corn per dozen ears, 
1 cent. The processor should have $2.00 per day, the 
capper $1.00, and the tipper less. 

The following figures will enable one to estimate 
how many busheds it will take to fill a certain number 
of cans: 

2 lb. cans. 3 lb. cans. 

1 bushel apples will fill '. 30 20 

1 bushel string beans will fill 30 20 

1 bushel blackberries will fill 50 33 

1 bushel corn will fill 45 

1 bushel peaches ('standard) will fill. .25 18 

1 bushel peaches (pie) will fill 45 30 

1 bushed tomatoes will fill 24 18 

Three poxuid cans will cost about $2.25 per hun- 
dred. Two and one pound cans will cost less, of 
course. 

The freight on cans is rather heavy since our near- 
est shipping point has been Baltimore. Now, I un- 
derstand a can factory has been established in this 
Strife at Buchannan. I strongly advise starting a 
small factory at first and then enlarge it as more ex- 
perience is acquired. A great deal depends upon good 
business management. Labor is one of the most cost- 
ly items and this part of the business has to be looked 



764 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



after closely. But the profits are usually very sat- 
isfactory with good management I may discuss 
this subject, further in another number. 

Montgomery County, Va. R. H. Price. 



THE BITTER ROT OF APPLES. 

We take the following advice as to treatment for 
this disease from a Bulletin recently issued by the 
Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agricul- 
ture: 

1. The bitter rot or ripe rot is one of the most seri- 
ous diseases of apples. The loss due to this disease 
in 1900 was estimated (for the United States) as 
$10,000,000. It is one of the most difficult diseases 
to control and is constantly on the increase. 

2. The bitter rot is due to a fungus, Glomerella 
rufomaculans (Berk.) Spaulding & von Schrenk, 
hitherto generally known as Glceosporium fructige- 
num Brk. 

3. This fungus until 1902 was known only, in its 
conidial stage on pomaceous fruits and grapes. The 
perfect or ascus stage has since been discovered both 
in cultures on fruits and in artificial cankers on the 
apple limbs. 

4. The fungus attacks ripening apples during July 
and August, and is most virulent during moist, hot 
summers. It is most active on apples in the belt of 
States on the line of the Ohio river, from Virginia on 
the Atlantic Ocean to Oklahoma in the West, and 
southAvard. 

5. During the past summer canker-like areas were 
discovered on apple limbs from which the disease 
seemed to spread. These cankers generally occurred 
in the upper parts of trees and contained spores of the 
bitter-rot fungus, as proved by direct inoculations into 
apples. 

6. Inoculations into healthy apple limbs of bitter- 
rot spores from pure* cultures of the bitter-rot fungus 
(made both from diseased apples and cankers) re- 
sulted in the formation of cankers similar to those 
found in the orchards. Spores from these cankers 
produced the bitter rot in sound fruits. This proves 
beyond doubt that the bitter-rot fungus is the cause 
of the cankers on apple limbs in the orchard. 

7. The spores of the bitter-rot fungus are washed 
from the cankers onto the apples below the cankers. 
Spores are carried from tree to tree by insects, and 
possibly by raindrops. 

8. One of the best methods for combating this dis- 
ease will consist in carefully cutting out all cankers 
during the winter. These should be burned at once; 
All diseased apples on the ground or in the tree should 
be collected and destroyed. As a further precaution, 
trees should be sprayed with standard Bordeaux mix- 
ture at least once before the buds open, and again fre- 
quently from midsummer until the fruits are almost 
ripe. 



ORCHARDING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In setting an orchard, experience has proven that 
it is best to head the trees low, that is, let the tree limb 
out near the ground. It is best for several reasons. It 
prevents sun-scald of the body by shading the South 
and Soutlvwest sides of the trunk of the tree in spring, 
slimmer and winter, and making a healthy body will 
entirely eradicate the flat-headed borer, one of the 
worst pests in the orchard which has not been properly 
set. 

I discovered while working in my father's orchard 
in 1876, that trees headed low were healthy bodied 
and free from flat-headed borers, Avhile those headed 
high were injured by the sun, and were invariably at- 
tacked by this pest. Many articles have been written 
about how best to fight this enemy. For more than 
20 years I have not had this insect to contend with in 
any of our orchards, amounting to over 2,000 acres. 
Low headed trees entirely eradicated them. In order 
to get a low headed tree, we formerly had to raise our 
own nursery stock. Now, your nurserymen will pro- 
vide you with a low headed tree, if you ask for it, and 
I would not plant any other. 

To make a low head does not require a forked head. 
Trim to make a centre. I will treat of trimming in 
a future article. A forked tree will sooner or later 
split in a wind storm, or when loaded with fruit. You 
can prevent forks, and make a head with a centre 
when they are small and thus let the trees start prop- 
erly. Another advantage in low headed trees is that 
it prevents wind storms from topping or uprooting 
them so easily. It also preserves part of the crop 
from storms, as the limbs near the ground will be 
loaded with fruit while the storm takes the top fruit 
nearlv all off. Do not be afraid that the fruit will 
not properly color. I have gathered more than a 
barrel of fine apples resting on the ground from the 
lower limb of a single tree. A low headed tree also 
saves one-half the expense in picking, as most of the 
fruit can be gathered while standing on the ground. 
Another point to be observed in setting trees is with 
reference to the direction of the prevailing winds. 
To illustrate : Here in the Ozark our prevailing wind 
is from the Southwest, and the hot sun on the orchard 
in spring, summer and winter is from that direction. 
Therefore to properly set trees, they should be lean- 
ed to the Southwest about 20 degrees or more in set- 
ting them, and the tree, before it reaches the age of 
bearing will be perpendicular, if not leaning to the 
Northeast. A tree planted perpendicular at the time 
it is set will lean to the Northeast before it is bearing, 
and thus be injured by sun scald as above stated. It 
is, therefore, important in setting a tree to observe 
this precaution. 

A tree should be set in the orchard not deeper than 
it stood in the nursery. There are several reasons 
why this is best ; not only to prevent the "root rot," 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



765 



but to prevent other diseases, and also the aphis. A 
tree set near the surface will not be so easily killed 
by the round headed or root borer, for when the tree 
is set deep in the earth it is easily girdled and killed 
by this insect, but if the roots start at the surface, this 
borer will usually follow and kill but one root, and 
the tree will throw out new rootlets, and the orchard 
not die so readily from this pest. 

A tree set properly with its roots near the surface 
will seldom have aphis. It is best in setting your 
trees to take about 10 or 15 pounds of tobacco dust 
and place it in a large candy pail or tub full of water 
and let it soak for a few hours, and just before set- 
ting the young trees dip the roots in this solution ; it 
is a preventive of aphis. 

Springfield, Mo. S. A. Hasetvtine. 



SELF-STERILITY IN APPLES. 

C. B. S.. TJ. S. PEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. 

About ten years ago Prof. M. B. Waite called at- 
tention to the absolute sterility of certain varieties 
of pears when fertilized with their own pollen. Later 
Prof. E. A. Waugh and others showed that all the 
varieties of Japanese plums and practically all the 
native American plums are self-sterile, and will not 
bear any fruit whatever unless crossed with other 
varieties. This work led to similar investigations 
with apples and very interesting results have been 
obtained. The Ben Davis apple, which proved self- 
fertile at the Kansas Experiment Station, was found 
entirely self-fertile at the Experiment Stations in 
Rhode Island, Vermont and Canada. Even in Kan- 
sas, where 26 per cent, of the self -fertilized blossoms 
set fruit, it was found that the self-pollinated fruit 
was not so large or so vigorous as the fruits from 
cross-fertilized blossoms on the same tree. Besides, 
a much larger proportion of the self -fertilized fruits 
dropped before they reached the size of a hazlenut 
than of the cross-pollinated fruit. 

The following aphabetical list shows the varieties 
of apples that have thus far been found by actual 
trial at one or more experiment stations to be self- 
sterile: Arkansas Black, Belleflower, Astrachan, 
Ben Davis, Blenheim, Canada Red, Early Ripe, Eng- 
lish Russet, Fameuse, Fanny, Gilpin, Golden Pear- 
main, Gravenstein, Grimes Golden, Hawley, Hunts- 
man, King, Lily of Kent, Mammoth Black Twig, 
Mann, Missouri Pippin, Nero, Northern, Northern 
Spy, Paragon, Porter, Primate, Red Kennedy, Red 
Streak, Ribston, Rhode Island Greening, Roseau, 
Roxbury Russet, Spitzenberg, Stark, Staymen, Straw- 
berry, Talman Sweet, Wealthy, Westfield, Williams 
Favorite, Willow Twig and Winesap. 

The following varieties have been found more or 
less self-fertile and capable of producing some fruit 
when standing alone, and not cross-pollinated: Alex- 
ander , Astrachan, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Bough, 
Cooper Early, Chenango, Early Harvest, Esopus, 



Fameuse, Jonathan, July, Ontario, Rhode Island 
Greening, Smith Cider, Smokehouse, Twenty-Ounce, 
White Pearmain, Wine and Yellow Transparent 
With many of the varieties in this list not more than 
one blossom in a hundred set fruit when self-fertil- 
ized. With scarcely any was a good crop secured, 
and in nearly every instance the fruit has been 
smaller and less desirable than cross-pollinated fruit 
The conchision seems inevitable that large blocks of a 
single variety of apples should never be planted. Va. 
rieties should be intimately mixed in the orchard to 
insure cross-pollination. These varieties should be 
such as will blossom about the same time and capable 
of cross-fertilizing each other. 

With respect to the latter point, Jonathan, Hunts- 
man, and Cooper Early proved especially valuable as 
pollenizers at the Kansas Experiment Station. Prof. 
G. H. Powell at the Delaware Station found that 
Paragon, Staymen, Winesap and Lily of Kent, all 
weak pollen bearers except the latter, to be inter- 
sterile, and should therefore never be planted together 
in commercial orchards for the purpose of cross-polli- 
nation. Further work along these lines to determine 
what varieties bloom together and are most suitable 
for pollenizing each other is very desirable. And 
since varieties behave differently toward each other 
in different sections of the country, these data should 
be determined in many different localities. — Ameri- 
can Agriculturist. 



VIRGINIA CORN EXHIBIT AT ST. LOUIS. 

As a further incentive to stimulate Virginia corn 
growers to make a creditable showing at the St. Louis 
Exposition, the Virginia Commission have decided to 
offer $120 in premiums as follows: $50 for the best 
exhibit of corn, from any county to consist of ten or 
more varieties of 100 ears each : $30 for the next best 
exhibit from any county, of ten or more varieties, and 
$20 for the third best exhibit from any county, of ten 
or more varieties, and $20 as before offered, for the 
best one hundred ears sent in by any grower. 

All corn competing, will be exhibited under the 
competitors name, whether a prize winner or not, and 
all exhibits sent in, must be sent with the understand- 
ing that they are to become the property of the Com- 
mission for this purpose. Competent judges will be 
chosen to make the awards in this competition, and 
notice of the winners will be published in the State 
papers. 

The Commission will pay freight charges on all 
shipments, which should, be packed in substantial 
boxes or barrels and shipped by freight to Geo. E. 
Murrell, Superintendent, No. 14 Governor street, 
Eichmond, Va. 
Va. Com. to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. 

Richmond, Va., Oct. 26, 1903. 



V 



766 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[D'ecember 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



THE DUAL PURPOSE COW. 

In replying to an inquirer as to the relative merits 
of different breeds of cattle, and especially as to the 
value of Red Polls for the ordinary farmer in the 
South, we remarked that cattle of this breed had 
done what no other breed had done — viz., take first 
premiums as beef cattle at a fat stock show, and first 
premiums at a dairy show. Commenting on this 
statement, the editor of Practical Earmer (Prof. 
Massey), in a late issue of that journal, takes strong 
ground in favor of the keeping of breeds of cattle 
bred for specific purposes, and against the dual pur- 
pose cow. He remarks that "a jack of all trades 
seldom is as good as one with a definite hobby, be it 
a cow or man. Good dairy form and capacity in a 
cow is an entirely different thing from good beef 
form, and no one animal can have both types in per- 
fection." Whilst there is a good deal of force in 
what the editor says as to a jack of all trades, yet we 
would remind Kim that there is another type of man 
who fills a very wide place in the world whilst not 
essentially a specialist — viz., the man who "knows 
something about everything, and everything about 
something." So, in like manner, we think a cow 
which meets the needs of a very large class of the 
farmers of the country is a valuable cow, even though 
she be not so specialized as to only perfectly fill one 
place in the economy of the farm. Such a cow is the 
dual purpose cow, and that she can be found, the ex- 
perience of English farmers and many in this coun- 
try conclusively proves. The Breeder's Gazette says 
this week that the supremacy of England in live stock 
is unquestioned and unquestionable, yet we venture 
the assertion without hesitation or fear of contradic- 
tion, that more than three-fourths of the cattle in that 
country are dual purpose cows. Our position on this 
question of dual purpose cows cannot be better stated 
than in the words of Prof. Thomas Shaw, one of the 
best judges and most experienced cattle men in this 
country. He said in stating his position on the sub- 
ject : "I believe in a special dairy cow. She includes 
the Holstein, Dutch Belted, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jer- 
sey, French Canadian, and Kerry of the pedigreed 
breeds in America. Her place is on farms where 
cattle are kept almost entirely for the dairy products, 
which they furnish, or in the stable of the individual 
who keeps but one cow. I believe in the special beef 
cow. Her place is on the range or on the large farm, 
where circumstances forbid the milking of the cows 
by hand. Her domain in America has probably 



more than attained a maximum since large farms are 
being divided. I believe in the dual purpose cow. 
Her place is on the arable farm, where the farmer is 
not a dairyman in the special sense, and where pro- 
duction is sufficient to justify the rearing of steers for 
beef. This means that there is a place for her on 
probably two-thirds of the farms of the United States, 
and that on these she can be reared more profitably 
than either of the other two classes of cows. There 
are in America five pedigreed breeds of dual purpose 
cows. These are the Shorthorn, the Polled Durham, 
the Brown Swiss, the Red Poll, and the Devon. The 
dual purpose cow is at present far more numerously 
represented in the graded than in the pure bred form." 
In England the dual purpose cow is most numer- 
ously represented by the milking type of Shorthorn, 
but the Red Poll comes as "good second." One or 
other of these types are to be found on almost every 
farm. The pure dairy types are there only found 
on few farms. The Jersey is almost solely confined 
to the home farms of the great land owners and to 
the small farms of gentlemen who keep them for a 
domestic supply of butter. The dual purpose Short- 
horns and Red Polls furnish nearly the whole supply 
of milk for the great cities and towns of that country, 
and the farmers keeping them supply a very large 
part of the steers which are fed for the meat supply of 
those places, and also a great number every year of fat 
cows and heifers which have failed to breed. This 
is the beauty of these breeds in the eyes of the Eng- 
lish farmer. If they fail to breed and become milk- 
ers, they will make as good beef as the beef breeds, 
and will do it profitably. A bull calf from one of 
these cows is as readily and profitably made into veal 
or into a feeding steer as a bull calf from any of the 
beef breeds. Here, as there, no one wants a Jersey or 
grade Jersey bull calf. He will neither make good 
veal nor a profitable steer. Only a few days ago we 
noticed a communication in the Breeders' Gazette 
from a correspondent in Missouri complaining that 
when the steer buyer comes around and asks for a 
bunch of steers his first question is "Any Jerseys 
among them ?" If you are unlucky enough to have a 
Jersey or Jersey-Shorthorn steer the buyer will tell 
you he cannot use him or "you take that Jersey out," 
or I will give you $5 less for that Jersey-Shorthorn 
steer. If you ask the reason why, the answer is, "He 
won't feed, a poor seller, spoils my other steers." This 
is exactly the position of our farmers in the South. 
They have got this Jersey blood so spread amongst 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



767 



the cattle here that instead of being able to supply a 
large part of tbe feeding stock of the country we are 
practically shut out from this market and have to 
waste feed and time fitting these ill-favored animals 
for local markets where they sell at about half the 
price that a good steer ought to fetch. The great ma- 
jority of our farmers cannot be dairymen if they 
would. ' They are not so situated as to be able to mar- 
ket the produce and if they were their entrance upon 
the business would be the signal for such a drop in 
the price of dairy products as would make the busi- 
ness unprofitable. In the neighborhood of large 
cities or where the farm is on the direct road to North- 
ern cities and not too far away from them, there is an 
opening for dairying, and there the pure dairy breeds 
should be kept, but speaking generally the type of 
cow needed on the farms of the South is one which 
will give an abundance of milk to supply the farmer's 
family and hands and a few nearby people in the 
small towns and will raise fat veals and good steer 
calves for feeding. The Shorthorns and Red Polls 
will do this and high grades of these types not hav- 
ing any Jersey admixture of blood in them will be 
almost as serviceable. Until our pastures and feeding 
capacity are improved, we find by experience that the 
Red Polls better meet our needs than even the Short- 
horns. They are not such heavy cattle and have not 
been so long accustomed to high living as the Short- 
horns. Hence they do better on our thinner pastures 
and coarser feed. In England the Shorthorns and 
Shorthorn grades do better as the pastures and feed 
are there much better. We have kept Shorthorn 
grades (high ones) in England that made 22 pounds 
of butter per week giving over three gallons of milk 
at a milking, and have made these cattle into fat beef 
weighing from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds, and their bull 
calves into steers weighing 1,500 or 1,600 pounds at 
two and one-half years old. In this country a grade 
Shorthorn cow weighing 1,500 pounds in fair flesh 
has given 9,628 pounds of milk in the year and made 
439 pounds of butter, and would at any time, when 
dry, have made a 1,600 pound fat beef cow. Whole 
herds of Red Polls in England have averaged 6,000 
pounds of milk in the year and several cows have pro- 
diiced over 10,000 pounds of milk. In this country 
in the Red Poll herd of Capt. Hills, of Ohio, several 
cows have prodxiced over 10,000 pounds of milk in 
the year and one cow produced 52,858 pounds of 
milk in five years. Against steers of these two dual 
breeds there is no discrimination by buyers. They 
are as freely bought as the steers of the true beef 
breeds as it has been found that invariablv thev feed 



as fast and as economically as those of any pure beef 
breed, and the fat stock show records give them a 
high place. On thin lands probably no better type 
of a dual cow can be found than the Devon. She is 
only small but she gives milk enough to make a fat 
calf and supply a family, and will raise steer calves 
that will feed into useful beef, and this at a mini- 
mum cost for keep. What the Southern farmer gen- 
erally needs now is cattle of this type. When farms 
are more generally improved then he should take up 
the pure beef breeds, and raise steers that the great 
feeders want, or that he can feed himself into prime 
beef for the great markets. These beef breeds will 
give milk enough to raise their calves but no surplus 
for the family or for sale. The dual breeds will do 
both and do both profitably. The special bred cow 
like the specialist amongst men has a place to fill but 
that place whether for the cow or the man is not the 
olace to be found on the great majority of farms or 
in the great mass of the people. 



INOCULATION FOR TEXAS FEVER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Messrs. W. M. Watkins & Sons, of Charlotte coun- 
ty, Va., seem to think, judging from their letter in 
your November number, or attempt to try and show 
that inoculation is nothing but a notion. I have tried 
quantities of both, salts and sulphur, too. I venture 
to say, of the 20 or 25 head of cattle lost from our 
herd within the past two or three years from tick- 
fever, that they had been treated to more than 100 
pounds of salts, and quite a lot of sulphur. Nothing 
is absolutely safe but inoculation and parties who 
contemplate purchasing pure-bred cattle to carry into 
ticky districts, should secure them now and have them 
inoculated about the first of January and again the 
first of March, and have this work done by a veteri- 
narian of tick-fever experience. Salts and all other 
remedies failed in case of Mr. R. F. Moss, of Booker, 
Va., and likewise in case of the Norfleets at Roxobel, 
N. O, and if others would testify from an honest pur- 
pose, you would doubtless be surprised to know the 
fatality from just nothing but ticks. 

If parties who "want immune cattle could see this 
Angus bull, they would soon be convinced that he had 
battled fearfully with ticks, for he bears the scars to 
convince even the most doubtful. As a rule, when 
you find a cow, sick with tick-fever, she is then too 
far spent for salts or sulphur even should they be the 
best of remedies. 

Being thoroughly convinced of these facts as I have 



768 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



found them out and conclusively proven them to be 
true, I stand solidly on this rock, "Inoculation," and 
with one before firmly feel : 

"Come one, come all, this Rock shall fly, 

From its firm base as soon as 'I.' " 
Halifax county, N. C. C. A. Williams. 



LIVE STOCK SALES IN CHICAGO. 

The American Swineherd of Chicago says that 
market alone has received up to November 1st 
402,000 cattle more this year than they did last, and 
the receipts of hogs for the same period show a short- 
age of 460,000 as compared with the same time "last 
year, and this applies to oq£ market only. 



F9RAGE CROPS AND PORK PRODUCTION. 

It is well known that swine are healthiest and do 
best when given plenty of exercise and kept in sani- 
tary surroundings. The hog in a state of nature is a 
clean animal, feeding on grass and herbs and having 
his lair in some secluded, well drained spot. He also 
is careful about his domestic habits — a strange con- 
trast to the degraded creatures which are so often 
found shut up in filthy pens by indifferent owners. 
Where such conditions prevail it is not surprising to 
find hog cholera a dreaded scourge. If these same 
animals were given the run of a large pasture, chol- 
era would soon disappear and they would become 
healthy, contented animals paying a handsome profit 
to the owner. There is no section of the countrv 
where some grazing crops cannot be had throughout 
the greater part of the year. Where bluegrass or 
other tame grasses and red or alfalfa clover can be 
had, they are excellent for the purpose, though they 
will probably not fatten animals so rapidly as a good 
succession of crops such as can be grown in many 
localities. In this respect the south is particularly 
favored, for a succession of crops can be had from 
seven to nine months of the year, or throughout the 
entire year, if one includes the winter growing ce- 
reals. If a succession is properly planned it is quite 
possible to put young hogs on grazing crops in the 
spring and with a limited amount of meal, finish 
them for the market by November or December; in 
other words, in a seven to nine months' grazing period. 
This means the production of extremely cheap pork. 

The grazing experiments here discussed were com- 
menced in June, 1902, at the Tennessee experiment 
station and were concluded in November the same 
year. They are initial and subject to modification. 
The succession of crops used was winter oats, June 2 
to July 10 ; cowpeas, September 3 to October 7, and 
soy beans from October 7 to November 8. The hogs 
were ptit on the oats when the grain was just coming 



into head and were not turned off until it was dead 
ripe. They were put on the first lot of cow peas 
when the plants were vining and were turned off when 
it was in full bloom. They went on the sorghum when 
it was in early bloom and were turned off when it was 
dead ripe. When placed on the second lot of cowpeas 
the pods were beginning to form ; when taken off there 
were many ripe pods. When put on the soy beans the 
pods were well formed and the plants were dead ripe 
before the hogs were removed. 

Six pigs were run on the crops mentioned. While 
on oats and cowpeas they received corn meal ; while 
on sorghum and matured cowpeas they received wheat 
meal ; and while on the soy beans, corn meal. The 
meal was fed at the rate of one pound per head per 
day. The gain of the individual hogs was as follows : 
On oats one-half pound, on young cowpeas one-half 
pound, on sorghum one-quarter pound ; on matured 
cowpeas one-half pound ; on soy beans 0.8 pound. The 
six pigs weighed 240 pounds when they went on these 
crops and 745 pounds when they came off. With hogs 
of the weight indicated, an acre of oats would have 
fed six pigs 248 days or 82 hogs 15 days. 

An acre of cowpeas just vining would have fed six 
pigs 187 days ; sorghum, six pigs 67 days ; cowpeas, 
six pigs 113 days; soy beans, six pigs for 124 days. 
This would be at the rate of 643 pounds of pork from 
an acre of oats ; 562 pounds from an acre of partially 
ripened cowpeas; 400 pounds from sorghum; 366 
pounds from matured cowpeas, and 600 pounds from 
soy beans. Had corn meal been fed with the cowpeas 
when nearly matured, they would doubtless have 
made a much better gain than that indicated. 

These facts show beyond the question of reasonable 
doubt that soiling crops can be utilized to the great- 
est advantage in the production of pork in the middle 
south, and that a large amount of pork can be secured 
from an acre of land with a very small consumption 
of grain. A. M. Souxe. 

Exp. Station, Tenn. 



CATTLE QUARANTINE IN VIRGINIA. 

The State Veterinarian issues the following notice 
to cattlemen, railroad companies and others doing 
business in Virginia : 

"BLACKsnuBG, Va., Nov. 12, 1903. 

From November 1, 1903, to January 31, 1904, in- 
clusive, cattle from the quarantined district of the 
State of Virginia may be moved for purposes other 
than immediate slaughter to the non-infected area 
within the State of Virginia, after inspection and 
upon written permission by an inspector of the Bu- 
reau of Animal Industry, or a duly authorized in- 
spector of the State of Virginia. 

The following bureau inspectors will inspect cattle 
at the points named below, viz. : 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



769 



Dr. J. M. Goode, at Roanoke, Va. ; Dr. G. C. Fa- 
ville, at Norfolk ; Dr. Yingist, at Union Stock Yards, 
Richmond, and Dr. D. C. Hanawalt, at Lynchburg, 
Va. 

^ If the Boards of Supervisors of the different coun- 
ties wish to have local men appointed to do this in- 
specting, in order to move cattle to the non-infected 
area of this State (said local inspectors to be ap- 
pointed at the expense of the counties where the in- 
specting is done), then the names and addresses of 
these men. who are recommended by the supervisors 
to do this work, should be sent to the office of the State 
Veterinarian, at Elacksburg, Va., at once, in order 
that said local inspectors may be instructed, duly 
authorized and appointed by the Board of Control of 
the State of Virginia to inspect cattle from the quar- 
antine district of the State, and when said cattle are 
found to have no ticks on them, then the inspector 
may give a written permission allowing these cattle 
to be moved across the quarantine line. 

J. G. Ferneyttough, 
State Veterinarian. 



fifty 

peaks above the 
gives his orders, 
left front, Hank 
Tom and I will 



foot" to ride. A brisk canter of four miles and wo 
were at the gate opening into the first large pasture- 
square miles in extent. Just as the sun 
horizon we halt and Bob 
"Charlie, you and Jim work 
you take left centre, George, 
work right. Mr. French, you 
can work center, we will round at four mile — a wind 
mill four miles from the starting point." Then out 
they circle, and who that has not been there can realize 
what it means to gather in a "round up" all the cattle 
on fifty square miles of range. In the course of an 
hour or two black cattle are appearing in groups on 
the horizon, the work goes on and by noon what a 
sight ! Enough to swell an Angus man until he 
"busts" the buttons off his vest. Eight hundred shiny 
black beasts coming in lines from all directions as if 
they knew what was wanted and were out looking for 
that particular wind mill. Soon they were all in the 
bunch and seven cow boys in a circle about them. Bob 
remarks, "Seeing that horse fellow — the boy with the 
bunch of 65 horses from which to select remounts for 
the boys' afternoon work — isn't in sight yet we had 



A BIT OF THE RANGE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Channing next boss ! A gentle shake by Sam and I better kill a beef so we will have something for din- 
ner." Suiting the action to the word he uncoils his 
rope and that red calf which ought to have been born 



then — as the patient fails to realize the situation — a 
more vigorous shake, this does the business. The 
"tenderfoot" is on his feet and has his toilet complete 
just as the train pulls into the pretty little town of 
Channing, Texas, way up in the Pan Handle and 
right pretty it certainly was that November morning 
at 2 :30 with the full moon shining as the moon shines 
only on the great plains. Making his way to the hotel 
to finish that nap the writer finds the concern has 
changed hands since last winter, the jolly Irishman 
has given place to a more staid Yankee, but the bell 
boy is the same and with a fist in his sleepy eye he 
welcomes us in true Texas style. We are soon tucked 
away in a cosy bed there to remain a couple of hours, 
then up and breakfast before day. Stepping into the 
office after breakfast we were greeted with "Hello, Mr. 
French ! had to come back again did you ?" Turning 
I was glad to see Mr. Bob Duke, foreman of the "Rito 
Blanco" division of the great X. I. T. ranch. A jolly 
good fellow is Bob. A cow man every inch of him. 
Soon Col. Boyee, the hustling manager, comes in. 
After he has told a couple of his good stories and we 
have used up considerable of N. C. tobacco he re- 
marks, "The boys are saddling up and as you are go- 
ing out with them would you prefer to travel in the 
buggy or on horseback V* What a question to ask a 
North Carolinian even if he is an adopted son. I 
chose the saddle, of course, and so "Pinto" was 
brought out — he being well along in years and in the 



black anyway, is soon on the gallop across the plains 
toward the chuck wagon, making a good deal of noise, 
I will admit, but game to the last, and doing much 
better than would most of us in his place. The cook 
meets him a few rods from the wagon, "falls on his 
neck" and in fifteen minutes the boys had beef for 
dinner, and such beef, beef the like of which only an 
Angus knows how to produce and a plainsman knows 
how to cook. The chuck wagon at about 1 o'clock was 
one of the prettiest sights the writer ever looked upon. 
Anyway it appealed to him in a manner to be remem- 
bered. The boys seemed to see beauty in it also. By 
the way they come on the gallop at the signal from 
Jack, the cook, and Jack can cook. The writer hopes 
— on account of his health — to never again be 
tempted with such hot rolls, roast beef, pork and 
beans, baked yams, boiled potatoes, coffee, etc., as 
Jack set before us. Take it away, boys, was the sig- 
nal for every man to get a tinplate, knife and fork, 
spoon and tin cup, and then — I blush at the memory, 
and for hours afterward felt for that Angus calf. 
After doing justice to Jack's dinner the writer's real 
work begun, as one hundred and twenty top two yep r 
old heifers were to be cut out of that mass of eigbr 
hundred before night. Cutting individual wild cat- 
tle out of a large bunch is no boy's play. One must 
select the animal he wants, follow her closely with 



opinion of the boys perfectly safe for the "Tender- his horse in and out through the surging mass, grad- 



770 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



ually work her to the outside, then with a touch of the 
horse with the spur he dashes between the heifer and 
her mates, by dodging and whirling manages to run 
h«r several rods away, when a couple of the boys give 
chase and run her to the new bunch that is being 
formed. This process is gone through with in the case 
of the one hundred and twenty head, and just at night 
fall we start them off toward their "bedding ground" 
— where they are to be guarded for the night, which 
place is near where the chuck wagon is stationed. The 
said chuck wagon had been in the writer's thoughts 
for some time previous and his mind had strayed back 
to the subject at more frequent intervals for the past 
hour. We welcomed Jack as a brother and were soon 
doing justice to an excellent supper, having been 
joined a few moments before by several of the boys 
from one of the southern divisions of the ranch. We 
make a merry crowd. A prize is offered to the man 
who can tell the biggest lie. In this contest the writer 
got nearly to the "head of the class." 

Soon Bob said it was time to turn in. Each man 
pulled his roll of bedding from the top of the wagon. 
A long strip of canvass, 6x14 feet, three woolen 
blankets and a thin feather "tick" is the outfit for 
each man. The end of the canvass is laid on the 
ground, the tick on that, one blanket under the sleeper 
two blankets the other end the canvass over and the 
bed is made. Bob and I sleep together. "Better pull 
that canvass over your head, Alf., it will be d — d 
frosty before morning." We followed instructions 
and after taking this precaution found Bob had told 
the truth about the weather. Along in the night we 
were awakened by the worst noise imaginable. In- 
quiring what's the trouble was informed that it is 
Jack calling us to breakfast. The writer has often 
wished for a more extensive wardrobe but can truth- 
fully say one pair of trousers was all he cared to have 
to pull on that cold morning. In about thirty min- 
utes we had dispatched our breakfast, then — by that 
time it being light enough so we could see the cattle — 
the bunch was started for the railway, twelve miles 
distant. There they were rested until the following 
morning when just before day they were loaded on 
the cars and the long trip, eighteen hundred and fifty 
miles, wasi)egun. Eleven days later we arrived at a 
little station in North Carolina. Borrowing a neigh- 
bor's horse the writer unloaded the "blacks" and drove 
them four miles in a pouring rain. On arriving be- 
fore a certain house we were greeted with "Papa's 
come! Papa's come!" and the cow boy and girl of 
to-morrow arrived on the scene. 

After all, there really is "no place like home." 
Rockingham Co., N. 0. A. L. French. 



THE WORLD'S YEARS BUTTER FAT RECORD 
BROKEN. 

Oharmante of the Gron, No. 14442, was imported 
by Mr. H. McK. Twombly in 1901 from the herd of 
Mr. E. A. Hambro of Kent, England. She was 
dropped July 7, 1896, and is registered on the Island 
as 3944 P. S., R. G. A. S. Her sire is His Majesty 
952 P. S., R. G. A. S., known in England as MaChar- 
mante 4890 E. G. H. B. She was bred by Mr. J. 
Bourgaize, Gron, St. Savior's, Guernsey. Charmante 
of the Gron is a very well marked cow, of good dairy 
conformation, with excellent udder, and a great credit 
to the breed and to Mr. Twombly 's choice herd. She 
dropped a bull calf October 6, 1902, and he is devel- 
oping into an animal of much promise and is known 
as Florham King, No. 8401. 

Her year's record began October 11th, 1902, and 
the requirements for her admission to The Advanced 
Register were 10,000 pounds milk ; 360 pounds but- 
ter fat. The results of her year's work are as follows : 



Milk. 
Lbs. 



, Butter Fat. 

Per Ct. 

4.9 



5.3 
5.4 
6.1 
5.7 
5.6 
6.0 
6.2 
5.6 
5.7 
5.7 
6.0 
6.0 



Lbs. 
33.98 
63.33 
61.68 
68.38 
58.10 
62.10 
59.84 
66.85 
56.72 
49.30 
43.86 
42.62 

9.72 



October 11-31, 693.56 

November 1,194.94 

December 1,142.25 

January 1,121.06 

February 1,019.25 

March 1,108.50 

April 997.-10 

May 1,078.20 

June 1,013.00 

July 864.85 

August 769.45 

September 710.25 

October 1-10, 162.05 

This record was supervised in connection with the 
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Not 
only does the work of the year greatly exceed the re- 
quirements of the Register, but it is the best year's 
record of a cow of any breed in the world, where pub- 
lic supervision has been given same. It is equivalent 
to 789.2 pounds of butter, or an average of 2.16 
pounds butter a day. 

Mr. Jos. L. Hope, the able superintendent of Mr. 
Twombley's Florham Farms gives the following data 
as to the feed consumed by the cow during the year. 

Bran 1726 lbs. 

Gluten 833 " 

Cotton seed meal 160 " 

Linseed meal 134 

Corn meal 58 

Middlings 58 " 



Total 2969 lbs., or 8 lbs. a day. 

This record is certainly a credit to the cow and her 
owner, and to the careful management which Mr. 
Hope has given her. Wm. H. Caldwexjl. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



771 



The Poultry Yard. 



GRAIN FOODS FOR LAYING HENS. 

With the object of comparing the values of differ- 
ent kinds of grain as foods for laying hens, some in- 
teresting experiments have been carried out during 
the past few years under the direction of the Techni- 
cal Instruction Committee of the Cornwall Co. Coun- 
cil. Thirty pullets were selected and divided into 
six pens of five birds each. The nature of the food 
given to each pen of five pullets and the number of 
eggs laid is shown in the statement below : 

No. eggs laid 
Food. in 12 months 

Half maize and half oats 732 

Wheat 723 

Maize 648 

Two-thirds oats and one-third maize 633 

Oats 545 

Earley 447 

Broadly speaking, all the pens which received 
maize held relatively better positions during the last 
nine months of the experiments than in the first three. 
The pen fed on wheat laid seventy-one eggs more than 
either of the other pens in the first three months, but 
fell to second position with only four eggs more than 
the pen fed on maize in the last nine months, and 
eighty-four less than those fed on half maize and half 
oats. Though wheat lost ground relatively to cer- 
tain other foods, during the latter part of the experi- 
ment, it was considered not improbable that it might 
generally prove, as shown in the experiment, the bet- 
ter food during the first three months of the year. 
This point appeared to be of such importance that ar- 
rangements were made to continue the experiments in 
the first three months of 1903, with the three pens 
Nos. 1, 5 and 6, around which special interest cen- 
tered. The resxilts of these latter experiments are 
shown below : 

No. eggs laid 

Food. in 3 months. 

Maize 117 

Wheat 128 

Half maize and half oats 184 

It is held that if the results of these experiments 
are adverse to the adoption of any theory as to the 
proper ratios of nitrogenous to non-nitrogenous sub- 
stance, they throw some light on the question as to 
the value of the different grains. This is especially 
true of barley and oats when used alone. Pen 4, with 
one-third maize substituted for the oats, laid eighty- 
eight eggs more in the twelve months than Pen 3, fed 
on oats only, and when the percentage of maize was 
still further raised to one-half, the difference in the 



number of eggs laid in the twelve months was no less 
than 187, or 34 per cent, in excess of the number laid 
in the pen fed on oats alone. 

Oats, therefore, proved an admirable poultry food 
when mixed with an equal weight of maize, but the 
value of this mixture was reduced when the propor- 
tion of oats to maize exceeded one-half. The supe- 
riority of this mixture over all other foods in these 
experiments is emphasized by taking the figures for 
the year ending 31st of March last. In this period, 
Pen 1, wheat alone, yielded 561 eggs; Pen 6, maize 
alone, yielded 546 eggs ; and from Pen 5, mixture of 
half maize and half oats, 701 eggs were obtained. — 
The Farmers' Gazette. 



EGG-LAYING BREEDS COMPARED. 

One of the most elaborate egg-laying competitions 
on record was recently brought off in Australia. In 
this test, which was conducted under government aus- 
pices, over 40 lots of pullets competed. Each lot of 
birds was provided with a pen of 6 feet by 5£ feet, 
where the birds were kept and fed for six months. 
The prizes were offered both for number and weight 
of the eggs produced : an account was kept of the cost 
of feeding as well as the market value of eggs. 

The 246 hens competing averaged 57 eggs per hen, 
but the largest number laid was by a variety known 
as the Imperial, each hen of this breed producing 71 
eggs. Six pens of Silver Wyandottes averaged 70 ; 
eight pens of Black Orpingtons, 65 ; and five lots of 
Buff Orpingtons but a few points below, nearly 65 ; 
then followed Buff Wyandottes, White Leghorns, 
Golden Wyandottes, White Wyandottes, and White 
Orpingtons, the older breeds : — the Andalusians and 
the Minorcas — coming last with less than 40 eggs. 

So much for the breeds, but when we come to indi- 
vidual pens of birds we find that the black Orping- 
tons took the first place; a lot of six pullets at seven 
months old at starting laying 548 eggs, averaging 26 
ounces to the dozens Silver Wyandottes at eleven 
months old laid 519 eggs, weighing 23 otmces per 
dozen ; the remaining breeds producing egffs weighing 
two ounces each, with the exception of the Anconas, 
whose eggs weighed 26 ounces to the dozen. It is 
worthy of notice that throughout the whole of the 
competition the value of the eggs laid was $1.56 per 
hen, which after deducting the cost of the food left a 
profit of 88 cents each, the winning Black Orpingtons 
realizing a profit of $2.18 per head. Nine pens of 
birds laid less than 400 eggs in the six months; the 
most productive month being September, followed 
by July and August, corresponding with our March, 
January and February. 



772 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[December 



The Horse. 



NOTES. 

At Montezeuma Farm, the country place of City 
Sergeant James C. Smith, in Henrico county, near 
the city, the horses are doing nicely. Trainer M. F. 
Hanson has them in charge. The stable includes 
Clarion, 2:1 5^, b. g., by Russell Rex, d. Helice, by 
Norval ; Estuary, 2 :19£, ch. h., by Expedition, 2 :15f, 
dam Wavelet, 2:244, by Belmont; Eliza Ingram, 
2 :20J, ch. m., by John R. Gentry, 2 :0(H, dam Blon- 
dette, dam of Governor Holt, 2 :15, by Leland ; Hul- 
man, 2 :20, br. g., by Quartermaster, dam Winnie D., 
by Hannis; Miss Thompson, 2:204, br. m., by Too- 
dles, Jr., dam Primrose, by Hetzel's Hambletonian ; 
Luminant,h., m., 3, by Hummer, dam Lizzie Mills, 
by B. Homer; Zack, ch. g., 4, by Sidney Prince, 
2 :214 dam Thrift, dam Admiral, 2 :17£ and of Wil- 
lie Shaw, 2 :294_, by Meander; Dr. Floyd, b. g., 5, by 
Sidney Prince, dam, the dam of Albert C, 2 :164, by 
Clay; bay colt, 1, by Toodles, Jr., dam Virginia 
Cooper, by Bourbon Baron, second dam Virginia 
Maid, dam of Mosul, 2:09^; Ginger, ch. m., 4, by 
Guy Fly, dam Virginia Cooper ; Ephriam Toodles, 
b. c, 4, by Toodles, Jr., dam Baby Dean, by Willis, 
a nd Flower, bay mare, pony, by Toodles, Jr. 



Ephraim Toodles, the bay colt, four years old, by 
Toodles, Jr., 25291, dam Baby Dean, by Willis, 
1 2223, son of Jay Bird ; bred and owned by James C. 
Smith, is probably held in higher regard than any 
other trotter in the Montezeuma Farm stable. Mr. 
Smith has owned and campaigned Mosul, 2 :09^ ; Ros- 
ter, 2 :12;f, and a score of others with fast marks, but 
this scion of the Toodles family on the score of good 
looks, speed, steadiness and disposition, comes nearer 
the ideal at Montezeuma than all the rest. Weighted 
down by a name likely to handicap the average per- 
former Ephraim Toodles trotted the Deep Run Hunt 
track in 2 :20 last season as a three year old and came 
the last half, which is an uphill grade, in 1 :074, and 
finished strong at that. C. A. Pnsey drove him. The 
youngster has not been handled this season, but will 
be jogged regularly during the winter and go into ac- 
tive training again next spring, when if he keeps 
right much is expected of him. Baby Dean, the dam 
of this colt, was bred by Mr. Joseph Bryan at Labur- 
num Farm, as was the second dam Jennie Dean, by 
King Bolt, son of Lexington, by Boston ; and Zopyra, 
the third dam, by Stannton, son of Red Eye, also, by 
Boston, while the fourth dam was Jennie Dean, a 
daughter of Boston. 

J& t3* *3^ 

Baby Dean, the dam of Ephraim Toodles, was rid- 



den through the war by Mr. Bryan and was noted for 
her endurance. Rather a remarkable feature in the 
pedigree of Ephraim Toodles is that he traces directly 
to Boston 4 times through his dam, while through the 
sire, Toodles, Jr., a son of Odin Bell, 1409 and from 
"Kate Flight, by Red Hawk, son of Red Eye, he gets 
another cross to that famous son of Timoleon. This 
is breeding which will doubtless be approved by those 
partial to copious infusions of thoroughbred blood. 

t&r* *■£& t^* 

George M. Harden, of Raleigh, one of the best 
known of North Carolina horsemen, has returned 
home after quite a successful campaign through the 
Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina circuits of 
fairs and race meetings. With Petronel, 2 :19£, by 
Expedition, 2:15^, dam Petrol, by Onward, he won 
the last six races in which she started and the big 
chestnut mare is still eligible to the 2 :20 class. The 
bay mare Amyline, record 2 :30 this season, purchased 
not long since of Richard Cromwell, Jr., Baltimore, 
has trialed in 2 :20| and seems likely to trot fast with 
further development. She has raised two colts. Amy- 
line was sired by Egwood, 2 :18-?>, dam the great brood 
mare Virginia Maid, dam of Mosul, 2 :09^r, etc., by 
Sam Purdy. The bay gelding Sweet Hector, by Di- 
rector, dam Sweet Alca, by Alcazar, is being driven 
on the road. John Trotwood Moore, the Tennessee 
bred pacer, bay stallion, 4, by Hal Wooldridge, 
worked a mile in 2:22, quarters in 31} seconds, but 
was not started this season, but was kept over and 
should do to campaign in 1904. 

# J* * 

Robert Bradley's stable of runners has done pretty 
well at Chicago this season, being credited with win- 
ning about $13,000. Racing for the season has ended 
at the "Windy City" and the stable is now at the Ben- 
nings track, Washington, D. C, taking part in the 
meeting of the Washington Jockey Club. Peter Paul, 
the two year old son of Aloha and Eminence, by imp. 
Kkyrle Daly, who was such a consistent winner dur- 
ing the early part of the season, is being given a well 
earned rest and Mr. Bradley looks upon him as the 
winner of the Chicago Derby for 1904. From Wash- 
ington the stable will be shipped to the Bradley Farm, 
Wilcox Wharf, Va., and wintered there. Among Mr. 
Bradlev's yearlings, most of whom are by Aloha, the 
sire of Robert Waddell, are some prospects and from 
the lot he looks for several real good ones, probably 
the equal of Peter Paul. 

%£fr *2fr %5* 

The Virginia Polytechnic Institute Riding Club 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



773 



has recently been organized at Blacksburg, Va., and 
its future outlook is bright. Later this organization 
will be most likely merged into a hunt club. Dr. J. 
G. Ferneyhough, the State Veterinarian at Blacks- 
burg, is president; Prof. Bolton McBryde, vice-pres- 
ident; Maj. T. G. Wood, secretary and treasurer. 
Among those who ride with the club are Professors 
McBryde, Wilson, Dabney, Moncure, Ferneyhough, 
Dr. Ferneyhough, Mr. Dabney, Cadet R. E. Ferney- 
hough, Maj. Wood, Mrs. Rasche and Misses Virginia 
and Picket Heath, Ethel Lockwood, Susie McBryde 
and Maude Lacy. Dr. Ferneyhough, president of the 
club, has recently purchased for a hunter, the hand- 
some thoroughbred gelding by Eric, dam Gipsey Girl, 
and changed his name from Commonwealth to Tem- 
pest. 

j* jt ji 

A very prominent performer on the great Harlem 
River Speedway, New York, is the chestnut gelding 
Angelus, 2 :12^r, a Virginia bred trotter, who was 
foaled in 1891 and made his record at Cleveland in 
1896. This tall son of the dead pacing stallion Whit- 
by, 2 :18^, and Winnifred, by Brennan, thoroughbred 
son of Orion, was bred by the late Thomas M. Hewitt, 
of North Bend Farm, near Weyanoke, on the James 
river, and was always speedy from his yearling form 
up. Neilson, grand dam of Angelus, produced the 
big bay gelding Roy, 2 :30, the only standard per- 
former to the credit of Carlos, the son of Crottendon 
that formerly headed the stud of the late Col. J. L. 
Carvington. Neilson was sired by Star of the West, 
son of Curies, by Revenue, and back of this thorough- 
bred infusion came a cross of Morgan blood. 

ijm t^m ^* 

Jay Boy, 31144, the big bay stallion by Wilkes 
Boy, owned by E. A. Woodell, formerly of Danville, 
Va., but now of Atlanta, Georgia, is in winter quar- 
ters near the latter city. Jay Boy trotted a trial in 
2:15-$ in 1902, but trained off and was never able to 
show his true form in a race. The son of Wilkes Boy, 
hmvover, made good tbis fall and Avon a couple of 
races during the same week at Birmingham, Ala., in 
October and trotted to a record of 2 :22|. Jay Bov 
was foaled in 1894 and bred by J. W. Bethell, of 
Sharp, N. C, who owned his dam Lena Wilkes, a 
daughter of Jay Bird and Patchena, by Mambrino 
Patchen, 58. 

Jl jt ■ S 

Mr. A. B. Gwathmey. of New York, has sold to E. 
E. Taylor, Washington, D. C, the fast trotter Forney, 
2 :194 ; bred on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and 
sired by Sidney Prince, dam by Bendee. When just 
right this horse can show a half close to one minute 
and has stepped shorter distance at even faster rate 
of speod. Mr. Gwathmey was not over anxious to 
part with Forney, but owning Tiverton, 2 :114 : Sena- 
tor Mills, 2:12}. king of the Harlem River Spood- 



way, and other crack performers, he consented to dis- 
pose of the Sidney Prince gelding. 
Jl Jl Jl 

The stable of steeplechase horses, eleven in num- 
ber, owned by the former Virginians, Messrs. A. B. 
and J. Temple Gwathmey, father and son, of the Cot- 
ton Exchange, New York, who race under the non de 
plume of "Mr. Cotton/' has been sent to Canada to 
be wintered. The Messrs. Gwathmey's- stable in 
eludes the well known brown gelding Eophone, 6, by 
imp. Rigolette, dam Vestalia, by Tom Ochiltree, bred 
by Robert Neville, Welbourne, Va. 

t£* fcS* «5* 

Sidney Clay, bay gelding, 4, bred on the Eastern 
Shore of Virginia, and sold during the summer from 
Foxhall Farm, Norfolk, Va., to E. E. McCargo, of 
Philadelphia, is showing up well in his work, having 
recently shown miles close to 2 :15. This horse was 
sired by Sidney Prince, 2:21 : j, dam Miss Clay, by 
Clay, the son of Walker Morrill. He is highly 
thought of by Mr. McCargo, who found him very 
erratic in the beginning, but has now gained his con- 
fidence and looks for the gelding to go very fast in 

1904. 

Jl Jl Jt 

"West Cairns," the picturesque home of the young 
.authors, students of pedigrees and breeders of thor- 
oughbred horses, Kenneth Browne and H. B. Boone, 
near Charlottesville, has been leased by its owners 
for a couple of years. Mr. Browne has removed to 
New York to continue literary work, and Mr. Boone 
sroes to Ttalv, where he will studv art. Messrs. Browne 
and Boone own the stallion Chiswick, son of imp. 
Mr. Pickwick, and some choicely bred brood mares 
and colts. 

White Oak Maid, the high stepping trottingbred 
mare, with whom Mr. Reginald Vanderbilt captured 
several prizes at the New York Horse Show, was pur- 
chased during the past winter by Mr. Vanderbilt 
from Jack Spratley, Dendron, Va. The latter ob- 
tained the mare in Kentucky and brought her to his 
farm in Sussex county, Va. 

^* ^* ^* 

At the fall meeting of the Los Angeles Racing As- 
sociation, Los Angeles. Ca., the Virginia thorough- 
bred sires, Eon and imp. Water Level, were each rep- 
resented by winners of the races. Eon heads the 
stud of Capt. R. J. Hancock «v Son, while Water Level 
is premier at the Annita Stud, of A. D. Payne. 
jl jl jl 

The Ellerslie bred filly, Chanterelle, 4, by imp. 
Charoxus, dam Ada Belle, by Eolus, has won several 
races at Latonia this fall. Chanterelle started in a 
number of races during 1903, winning three and fin- 
ishing second and third in some half dozen others. 

Broad Rock. 



774 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[December 



Miscellaneous. 



THE GREAT ROANOKE FAIR. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Although rather late a few words should be pub- 
lished in the Southern Planter in regard to the first 
fair of the Roanoke Industrial and Agricultural As- 
sociation, which was held at Roanoke, Va., on Octo- 
ber 23-24. We had expected the editor of your val- 
uable journal to accompany Governor Montague to 
the fair, and to have had the pleasure of reading an 
account of this great exposition of Southwestern Vir- 
ginia's resources from his smooth-flowing editorial 
pen. In this, however, we were all disappointed; 
and then in the following week, after all the accounts 
and expenses, including premiums, had been settled, 
it was too late to send a report for publication in your 
November issue. 

It may be said, however, that the fair was a great 
success in every respect. Certainly, financially, for 
a profit of several thousand dollars was made. We 
doubt if a better attended fair was ever held in Vir- 
ginia. The grounds were thronged every day, and 
immense audiences heard Senator Daniel, on Thurs- 
day, and Governor Montague on Saturday. 

The horse display comprised horses for breeding 
purposes, standard-bred trotters, heavy drafts, saddle 
horses, coach and carriage horses, light draft, trot- 
ting-bred non-standard, dray, express and fire horses, 
family carriage horses, horses for business and pleas- 
ure, saddle horses, roadsters, ponies, mules, jacks and 
jennets. 

Virginia and West Virginia were represented in 
the cattle department by their choicest specimens of 
the beef breeds. S. W. Anderson, of Greenbrier 
county, West Virginia, showed his fine Ingleside herd 
of pure-bred Hereford cattle, at the head of which was 
the noted bull, "Van." 

Shorthorn, Aberdeen- Angus and Hereford cattle 
were exhibited by the Agricultural Department of the 
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, of Blacksburg, Va., 
through the courtesy of D. O. Nourse, Professor of 
Agriculture. The thoroughbred bull, "Governor Ty- 
ler," which drew first premium over seven herds at 
the district fair held this fall at Radford, Va., headed 
the Shorthorns from this institution, which also had 
on exhibition the thoroughbred Aberdeen-Angus bull, 
"Fife." 

Registered Holstein-Friesian cattle were shown by 
C. T. Lukens, B. P. Huff and Joseph A. Turner. At 
the head of the herd of registered Herefords, entered 



by Haynes L. Morgan, of Saltville, Va., was the fine 
bull, "Marmaduke." There were also a number of 
head of Jersey, Devon, Ayrshire, Guernsey and other 
dairy breeds on exhibition. 

For cereals, root crops, vegetables, fruit, plants 
and flowers, as also for poultry, large tents were pro- 
vided, the time having been too short for the erection 
of buildings. The display in each of these depart- 
ments was creditable. 

In a room, 50 by 150 feet, under the grand stand, 
were the art and domestic departments.. The former 
in addition to paintings, drawings, crayon work, etc., 
included needlework and embroidery. The domestic 
department embraced bread, cakes and pastry, butter, 
preserves, jellies, honey and vegetables and fruit in 
glass jars, as also home-made wines and cordials. 
These departments were in charge of ladies, by whom 
the room had been most elaborately and beautifully 
decorated. 

Agricultural implements and machinery, farm 
wagons, plows, traction engines, portable saw-mills, 
farm gates and fences and miscellaneous farm neces- 
sities covered several acres in the northeastern corner 
of the grounds. The leading manufacturers of the 
country were represented. 

The races — trotting, pacing and running — were 
very attractive, and the large grand stand, the quar- 
ter-stretch, and every advantage point from which the 
hotly contested races could be seen, were crowded. 
O. M. G, a Baltimore horse entered by William Nich- 
olson, of Greensboro, N. C, established a track record 
of 2 :15i for the new course. An unfortunate acci- 
dent occurred in the seven-eighths mile dash, when the 
chestnut mare, "Flat Denial," owned by 0. E. Jor- 
dan, of Dublin, Va., broke a leg and had to be killed. 

The ladies' arid gentlemen's riding contests were 
exceedingly interesting events. Eight ladies, of the 
best families of that section of Virginia, competed in 
the former. The blue ribbon, which carried with it 
prizes of over $100 in value, went to Miss Louise 
Price, of Botetourt county, a most graceful rider. 
Miss Verta Phelps, of Cave Spring, took second ; and 
Mrs. Cosby, of Roanoke county, third. Colonel W. 
W. Berkley, a dashing rider, was awarded the bine 
ribbon in the gentlemen's contest, with Dr. Bragg 
second. 

The undersigned, who came from Pennsylvania to 
officiate as manager, had the benefit of the liberality 
and indefatigable energy of the officers and executive 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTF^ 



committee, so indispensable to the achievement of suc- 
cess. It was their perseverance and co-operation that 
resulted in the equipment of the new fair grounds in 
the almost incredible time of six weeks. In that time 
the grounds were enclosed with a 14-foot high fence 
which measured one and a half miles around ; a first- 
class half-mile track was constructed ; a commodious 
grand-stand, with seats for 1,600 persons built, sev- 
eral hundred horse stables and cattle stalls provided, 
the box stalls for the trotting horses being especially 
fine; and macademized walks were laid out all over 
the place. But, then, the weather was very favorable, 
there having been rain only twice, and then at night, 
during the six weeks. 

The officers and executive committee who labored 
so hard to bring about success, and who are deserving 
of particular commendation, are as follows: Presi- 
dent, James P. Woods; Vice-President, Edward L. 
Stone; Secretary, W. L. Andrews; Treasurer, R. H. 
Angell, and R H. Angell, A. L. Sibert, Louis Scholz, 
J. H. Wingate and Henry Scholz, members of the 
Executive Committee. Cyetts T. Fox. 

[Pressure of business prevented our attendance at 
the fair much to our regret. We congratulate the So- 
ciety on the success achieved and Mr. Fox (a tried old 
fair veteran) on his excellent management. — Ed.] 



COLD STORAGE ON THE FARM. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The ice house I shall describe is built in a hillside 
of such a slope that the first floor is on the level of the 
surface and the second floor a few feet above the sur- 
face at the other side. Where such a situation is not 
convenient the second floor can be approached by a 
bridge. The basement is used for storing fruit. 

In localities where field stone is plentiful the cellar 
can be cheaply built by using the stone in cement, 
making a ground wall. Broad 2-in. planks were held 
in place by substantial staging to form a box having a 
width of IS inches. Into this box the dry stones were 
placed. Small stones may be shovelled in. After get- 
ting a layer 10 inches thick, thin mortar composed of 
good lime and cement was poured in until the box was 
filled. The operation was repeated, moving the 
planks upward as the mortar set until the desired 
height had been built. 

Sills S inches by 12 inches were placed flatwise on 
these walls on which studding 2 by 6 inches was toe- 
nailed. The studding was weather boarded on the 
outside and lined closely on the inside with inch 
boards. This constituted an air ehambor -6 inches 
wide around the entire building. Studding 2 by 4 



inches was toe-nailed flush with the inner face of each 
sill and closely lined with 1-inch boards. As the inner 
surface was being lined sawdust was filled between 
the inner and middle lining, thus forming another 
non-conductor of external heat. 

The upper story of the building is used for storing 
ice, thus cooling the air in the top of the building 
which sinks and in turn cools the rooms below. This 
is the general principle that governs the construction 
of all storage houses that depend on ice for the pro- 
duction of a low temperature. This second story is 
divided into two rooms, one of which is the ice storage 
room in which the supply of ice is stored and the other 
is the ice chamber, in which is held the ice that cools 
the refrigerating room directly below it. A door — 
there are two doors, one above the other in the parti- 
tion dividing the upper and lower rooms — in the ice 
chamber communicates with the outside. This is 
double, having both air and sawdust chambers, and is 
flared as are the doors of a fire-proof safe. It is used 
for unloading ice and is the only outside entrance into 
the second story. The refrigerating room in the first 
floor is the compartment in which the temperature is 
to be reduced and in which perishable products are to 
be stored. Leading into this room is a cooling room 
which is to he used as a general purpose storage cellar. 
A small entrance room protects the doorway leading 
into the cooling room. This is the only entrance to 
the first floor. 

The flooring is laid tight in the storage room and 
provided with a slope of 2 inches toward the center. 
To prevent leakage the floor of this room has a sheet 
iron covering. In the ice chamber adjoining, the floor 
is laid with 2 by 4's set on edge with 1-ineh spaces be- 
tween. This provides for air circulation and water 
drainage. The sloping floor beneath leads the water 
into a gutter which carries it down and out through 
the cooling room. The floor structure of the second 
story must be strong and well braced so as to carry 
the heavy load placed upon it. Heavy staging carry- 
ing 2x12 inch joists will give ample support for the 
ice chamber and storage room. 

The roof to the second story should be built so as to 
make it as near a non-conductor of heat as possible. 
Dead air spaces are the cheapest and most easily con- 
structed non-conductors. This is essential in the ceil- 
ing as it has the double duty to perform of holding 
the cold in and keeping the heat out. A large attic is 
provided, roofed with shingles. Metal should never 
be used. The ceiling in the second story is provided 
with ventilator shafts so that perfect ventilation can 
he secured during cold weather. 

Whei'e drain tile can be had what is known as a 



776 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



V joint in the drain will provide for the escape of 
water and prevent the ingress of air. A box drain 
with an opening 2 inches square can be constructed 
where tile cannot be obtained by any ordinary me- 
chanic. The V-shaped part is constantly filled with 
water and prevents the ingress of air. The drain is 
placed at such a slope that when the V becomes full 
the surplus flows from the ice house. 

The ice pond is near the house, almost on a level 
with the top floor. In filling the ice is pounded so as 
to have as few air spaces as possible. After melting 
about 4 inches from the sides of the storage room the 
space is filled with sawdust and the ice should also be 
covered on top about a foot deep. In warm latitudes 
ft grove to ward off the intense summer heat is desira- 
ble. If there is no grove plant about a dozen North 
Carolina poplars, a rapid growing tree, on the east, 
south and west sides. Geo. H. C. Williams. 

Washington, D. C. 



confound the knots caused by wooly aphis with this 
disease. 

5. Apparently, crown gall can be readily inocu- 
lated from a diseased plant into healthy ones, hence 
diseased plants should not be allowed to remain among 
healthy ones in the orchard. Cultivating the orchard 
may possibly serve to spread the disease by carrying 
diseased tissue from one tree to another, but we have 
not definite date to cite in support of this proposition. 

Wm, B. At-wood/ 

Exp. Station, Blaclcsburg, Va. Mycologist, etc. 



CROWN GALL OF APPLE TREES. 

The Virginia Experiment Station has been con- 
ducting investigation into this disease now common 
on nursery stock in this State. In the course of the 
investigation the station has clearly ascertained 
that trees of the finest vigor yield readily to the at- 
tacks of the disease. Observation of recently planted 
orchards sIioav that it is not usual for trees showing 
an attack of the disease to form a normal root system. 
The root system is weak and confined to the surface. 
Such trees can be readily shaken thus revealing lack 
of depth of the root system. The Mycologist is also 
of opinion that badly diseased trees such as are now 
very commonly found in nursery stock will not ordi- 
narily come into fruiting. The conclusions reached 
are as follows : 

1. The organism which produces the abnormal 
growth known as crown gall on the apple appears to 
gain entrance to the apple seedling in the nursery. 

2. The diseased seedlings can be detected by inspec- 
tion. The unusual amount of fibrous roots at and be- 
low the crown being the characteristic depended upon 
for recognition of the trouble. 

3. Nurserymen can select the seedlings used so as 
to largely control this trouble. No one should ex- 
pect to entirely prevent its occurrence in the nursery 
now that it has become so wide spread. 

4. Persons planting fruit trees should reject with 
the greatest care all trees which show the cancerous 
growth about the crown or a sufficiently abnormal de- 
velopment of fibrous roots about the crown to warrant 
ibelief that the plants are diseased. One should not 



GOOD ROADS. 

Washington, D. C, Nov. 19, 1903. 

Congressman W. P. Brownlow, of Tennessee, to- 
day reintroduced in the House his well known good 
roads bill. Acting on the criticisms of opponents and 
the suggestions of friend, Colonel Brownlow has re- 
vised the bill somewhat, but all the important features 
have been preserved. The new bill appropriates 
$24,000,000 to be used as a fund for national aid in 
the improvements of highways. This sum is made 
available during the next three years, at the rate of 
eight millions annually. No State or sub-division 
thereof can secure any part of this fund without rais- 
ing an amount equal to the share received. The dis- 
tribution among the several States and territories is 
to be made on an equitable basis so as to leave no room 
for "log-rolling." In reference to the bill, Colonel 
Brownlow said to-day : 

"I think my good roads measure has made wonder- 
ful progress during the past year. Conventions all 
over the country have endorsed it, and a number of 
State legislatures have adopted resolutions in favor 
of it. The number of public men who have come out 
for it has exceeded my highest expectations. In the 
West and South the sentiment for the bill is espe- 
cially strong. A large number of Senators and mem- 
bers from those sections have assured me of their will- 
ingness to support the measure, and it will also have 
some strong support from the Eastern States where 
State aid has paved the way for National aid. I can't 
see how any man representing a rural constituency 
can vote for a river and harbor bill and refuse to vote 
for my bill. And I don't see how any one who wants 
the rural free mail delivery extended in his State or 
district can refuse to support a measure to aid in im- 
proving the roads, for bad roads are almost the sole 
obstacle to such extensions. I am hopeful of getting 
the bill up for discussion in the House early in the 
regular session." 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



777 



THE 

Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COUP! 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Month. 



J. F. JACKSON, 

Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 

Business Manager. 



TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. 
Rate card furnished on application. 



TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1b mailed to 
subscribers In the United States and Canada 
at SOc. per annum; all fa-reign countries and 
the city of Richmond, 76c. 

REMITTANCES should be made direct to 
this office, either by Registered Letter *r 
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When 
made otherwise we cannot be rospoaslble. 

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of tie Post- 
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Tour 
name cannot be found on our books ualess 
this Is done. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to WTite us on a»y 
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
cles, Suggestions How to Improvo THE 
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains, 
Roots, or Vegetables mot generally known, 
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions sent us must aat bo 
furnished other papers until after they have 
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter 
will be returned on receipt of postage. 

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive tkelr paper 
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor 
by reporting the fact at oace. 

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to 
what time your subscription Is paid. 

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en- 
quiries will receive attention. 

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER- 

RICHMOND, VA. 

- DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S 

COLUMN. 

Cotton Seed Hulls, etc 754 

Corn on Wire Grass Land 754 

Farm Management 755 

Barren Corn Stalks 755 

White Pine 755 

Broomsedge — Red Jersey Hogs... 756 

Keeping Sausage Meat 756 

Curing Hams 757 

Cotton Opening — Draining Land — 

Feeding Pumpkins 757 

Cabbage Growing — Canada Peas. . 757 
Protecting Cabbage Plants — Ma- 
nuring for Cabbages 758 

Stencil Ink 758 

Drain Tiles 758 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be bad for 25 cents. Aidrau 
our Business Oslce. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



TO ADVERTISERS. 



All advertisements and matter 
pertaining to advertising must 
reach us by the 25th of each 
month. Please bear this in mind. 



Mention the Southern Planter in 
writing. 



Our January Issue. 

Our January issue will be as 
usual our annual holiday number. 
It will be gotten up in specially de- 
signed covers, and every depart- 
ment will be full of seasonable and 
interesting matter. In addition to 
this, we are going to make it some- 
what of a biographical number. It 
is our intention to show the faces 
and give a brief sketch of the fore- 
most agricultural leaders and 
teachers of the present day. We 
are sure that it will be very inter- 
esting for our readers to see "what 
manner of men" these teachers are. 

As the edition will be quite 
large, it will naturally be a very 
attractive proposition to advertis- 
ers, and we ask all of our friends 
to send us in their ads at the ear- 
liest possible date. Do not wait 
till the last minute, as every year 
we are compelled to leave out a 
goodly number. 

IMMUNE HEREFORDS. 
We will sell at Auburn, Ala., on Feb- 
ruary 3rd, 1904, 50 head of registered 
Herefords under the management and 
auspices of the Alabama State Exper- 
iment Station. This sale will be held 
in their barns especially fitted for the 
occasion. The cattle have already been 
shipped there for innoculation and can 
be seen there from now on by intend- 
ing purchasers. They are being thor- 
oughly innoculated against the tick 
fever by the State Veterinary Board, 
and will be perfectly immune by the 
sale date. 

We are sending 30 bulls and 20 fe- 
males, which carry the blood of all of 
the leading sires of the day. About 
half of them are sired by the record 
priced Acrobat or are by his best sons. 
The rest are by such bulls as the 
$10,000 Crusader, the $2,000 Conquerer, 
the $1,000 Earl of Carlemont, the great 
Earl of Shadeland 73rd, the prize win- 
ning Beau Rowland, and other such 
noted sires. A few of the females will 
be in calf to our record breaking 
Champion bull Britisher, the greatest 
bull of two continents. 

This consignment is a pick of four 



The Standard 
For Quality.... 

We carry the largest stocks 
and do the largest business in 
Farm Seeds in the Southern 
States. This, together with 
our twenty-five years' practical 
knowledge of the seed busi- 
ness, enables us to supply 
seeds of the highest quality at 
as reasonable prices as good 
seeds can be sold. 

Prices of Farm Seeds, Seed 
Grain, Seed Potatoes, etc., 
quoted on request. Catalogue 
giving descriptions and full in- 
formation about all seeds mail- 
ed free. 

T.W. WOOD & SONS, 



Richmond, 



Virginia. 




"How to Grow Paper-Shell Pecans," 

FREE. Best varieties in U S. True to 
variety. Cinns cut from bearing trees by 
member of firm. Full descriptive Cata- 
logue of ALL FRUIT trees, free 

B W. STONE & CO., Thomasville, Ga 

Alfalfa Bacteria 
Infected Soil 

Can be obtained from Ewell Farm Ex 
perimental 1'iot A perfect stand three 
years of age, abundantly supplied with 
root nodules Price $1.00 per 2 bus. 
burlap bag. weight about 150 lbs., f o. b. 
E well's Station, Tenn. 
GEO. CAMPBELL BROWN, 

Spring Hill Tenn 

1,000,000 Cabbage Plants at $1.50 Per M. 

EARLY JERSEY WAKEFIELD, 
CHARLESTON, SUCCESSION and 
"FOTTLERS IMPROVED BRUNS- 
WICK." 

50,000 Dahlia and Canna Bulbs. 
MARK T. THOMPSON, Rio Vista, Va. 

tAbtLolUn STRAWBERRIES. 

The earliest! erry crown and The Beet Early Market Berry* 
Its superior carrying qualities and beautiful red color make 

It Terr popular In all the big market*. I h&re millions of plants of thUand 
other Tarietiei now ready. ... _. , , . — ., - .. . 

Send for fra* oauiog todaj. «. F. ALLEN, Salisbury, Md. 



778 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



of the best herds in Kentucky and is 
the choicest lot of cattle ever sent 
South both as to individuality and 
breeding. Experts who have exam- 
ined them at Auburn, pronounce them 
a wonderful lot and good enough to 
be used in any herd in the United 
States. 

Our experience with the Southern 
farmers convinces us that they appre- 
ciate good cattle and the only draw- 
back has been the fearful losses from 
fever. Even cattle that have beta 
raised in the tick infested districts fre- 
quently succumb to the scourge when 
moved from one place to another. Ex- 
perience and science have demon- 
strated that the one absolute preven- 
tive and guarantee against this disease 
is innoculation. The cattle we offer 
for sale at Auburn, Ala., February 3rd, 
are immuned from fever by careful 
and thorough innoculation. by the 
State Board, and can be seen by those 
interested, at the Experiment Station, 
running with tick infested cattle. 

The State of Alabama sent Dr. C. A. 
Cary up to Kentucky looking for pure 
bred cattle and he was so well pleased 
with our cattle that we sold him four 
choice calves. While here Dr. Cary 
was so impressed with the scale and 
finish of our Kentucky Herefords that 
he persuaded us to send this consign- 
ment South, as according to his judg- 
ment wc have just what the Southern 
farmers need to improve their herds 
with. , 

Parties interested in good live stock 
will do well to note the date of this 
sale and wait till then for purchases. 
At that time spring will almost be her* 
and the care and expense of wintering 
will be saved. Bear in mind that this 
consignment is not a lot of Southtrn 
range bred stuff but the best that Ken- 
tucky, which is famous for the best, 
can raise. 

Handsomely illustrated catalog and 
descriptive matter will be sent on ap- 
plication to Giltner Bros., at Eminence, 
Ky., or Auburn, Ala. 



$100 REWARD, $100. 

The readers of this paper will be 
pleased to learn that there is at least 
one dreaded disease that science has 
been able to cure in all its stages and 
that is Catarrh. Hall's Catarrh Cure 
is the only positive cure now known 
to the medical fraternity. Catarrh 
being a constitutional disease, requires 
a constitutional treatment. Hall's Ca- 
tarrh Cure is taken internally, acting 
directly upon the blood and mucous 
surfaces of the system, thereby de- 
stroying the foundation of the disease, 
and giving the patient strength by 
building up the constitution and as- 
sisting nature in doing its work. The 
proprietors have so much faith in its 
curative powers, that they offer one 
hundred dollars for any case that it 
fails to cure. Send for list of testi- 
monials. Address, 

P. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, O. 

Sold by druggists, 75c. 
,Hall's Family Pills are the best. 




Santa, where's that 



Don't disappoint the boy at Christmas- 
time — buy him a rifle or shotgun and 
teach him how to use it properly. Tempt 
him to a fresh-air life. Let him feel the 
wholesome influence of the finest sport 
in the world. Train his eye and steady 
his hand before a target or make his blood run faster in the hunt for game. 

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOK OF 128 PAGES 

It tells about the "Stevens," gives pictures and prices. Contains 
articles on Hunting 1 , Fishing 1 , Canoeing, Target Shooting, etc. 



Send 4c. in stamps for a teasing RIFLE PUZZLE. It is lots of fun— "easy when 
you know how," but everyone can't solve it. Can you ? Address Puzzle Dept. 



We make Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols, 

from $2.50 to $150.00. 
Most good dealers will sell you a "Stevens" 
— some will try to talk you into taking a poor 
kind because they can make more money 
on them. Look out ! A gun is the safest 
thing in the world if well vmde t but a poor 
gun is a good thing to leave alone. 



We make a specialty of these Rifles :. 

"Stevens-Maynard, Jr.'' $3.00 
"Crack Shot "$4.00 
"Favorit©" No. 17, $6.00 

We will sell toymi direct (and pay the express charges) if your dealer won't supply the "Stevens" 

J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO. 921 Main St.,Chicopee Falls, Mass. 



Pulverizing Harrow 

Clod Crusher and Leveler. 

The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Harrow 
on earth. We also make walking ACMES. 
The Acme crushes, cuts, pulverizes, turns 
and levels all soils for all purposes. Made 
entirely of cast steel and 
wrought iron — indestructible. 

Sent on Trial 

;:. To be returned at my ex- 
JOS, pense if not satisfactory, 
Is.' Catalogue and Booklet. 
B> "An Ideal Harrow" 
by Henry Stewart, 
mailed free. 
I deliver f . o.b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc. 

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey. 

Branch Houses: 110 Washington St., Chicago. 428 I st St., Minneapolis. 5th «. Washington St.., Kansas City. 
PIJSASE MEM XI OK THIS PAi'iiK. 




1903.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



779 



STAR PEA HULLER 

WONDER OF THE AGE 

Guarantee d to hull and clean 
10 to 15 bushels of peas per 
hour by hand, or 20 to 30 
bushels by power. Write for 
circular and prices. 

STAR PEA MACHiNh CO., 

... Chattanooga, Tenn. 



SAWS 



ANY WOOD„ im „ u 
IN ANY POSITION 
ON ANY CROUND 

_ 4 in. to* ft. Through 

I MAN with m fold. tSSTC O MEN with a 
IN SAWING MACHLNK DCA Id A Cross-cut Saw 
6 to 9 cords daily is the usual average for one man. 
"■Rmanav q--- g; -i A SAWS DOWN 
Do ^ CSF^T^S ' "TL. -tf JgL XBBBS 
JBUfeMte 




Our 1904 Model Machine saws faster, rnns easier & will 
last longer than ever. Adjusted in a minute to suit a 
12-year-oid boy or the strongest man. Send for catalog 
ehowintr latest improvements . First order gets atjencv. 
Folding Sawing Alach.Co. 55 H. Jefferson St., Chicago, 111' 




The Cahoon 

Is Practical. 

That's why it has lived and 
(,'rown for 45 years, saving 
tti ed and making money for 
hundreds of thousands of 
farmers. Runs easy, sows 
uniform, sows as high as 50 
acres a day. This year we 
are sending out absolutely 
free a 

SEED SOWER'S MANUAL, 
tellinirhow. whena' d what 
to sow. Write for it. 

GoodellCo., 63MainSt M Antrim, N. H. 

* in *' 




Save Cream 

Save much on the cost, save labor 

of cleaning and operating by 

buying the 

AMERICAN 

CREAM SEPARATOR. 

We send to you to put It on trial. 

It will prove these things to any 

man's satisfaction. You should know 

_ about it. Ask for the free catalogue. 

[American Separator Co. Box 1076, Bainbrldge, H.Y. j 



A.N INSTANT'S PAIN 

and the dehorning- job is smoothly done, no/j 
crushing or bruising if the 

KEYSTONE 

Dehorning Knife 
Is used. Easy, sure and most speedy 
in operation. No evil results can fol- 
low. Cutsfrom foursidesatonre. En- 
dorsed by veterinarians. Guaranteed 

M.T. Phillips, Box 45, Pomeroy, Pa. 



iATEST 




(Newton's Patent.) 

Every 

Dehorner 

Guaranteed 



IMPROVED 

THOUSANDS IN USE. 

Ask your hardware dealer for them or write 
H. H. BKOWN MFG. CO., • - DECATUR, ILL, 




MONARCH PEED MILLS. 
At this season of the year a subject 
of great interest to the farmer and 
feeder who studies economy in feed- 
ing is the feed mill. There are numer- 
ous mills advertised in agricultural 
papers, all making practically the same 
claims as to speed, capacity, ease of 
running, etc. Among so many the 
feeder may well be confused when it 




comes to making a choice. The Mon- 
arch is manufactured by Sprout, Wal- 
dron & Co., of Mundy, Pa. It has 
speed, capacity, strength and lasting 
qualities. It grinds coarse, medium or 
fine, just as desired. It is alike per- 
fectly at home in the matter of making 
a fine article of meal for household 
purposes, and for the grinding of ear 
corn, shelled corn and all the feed 
grains either singly or mixed, for 
chop feed. These Monarch Mills are 
either of the attrition pattern or are 
made of the famous French burr stone, 
than which there is nothing better for 
the purpose in the world. The manu- 
facturers publish an elegant catalog 
which shows its strong points in strik- 
ing fashion. The advertisement run- 
ning in another column gives correct 
address. 



GERMAN IMMIGRANTS. 
Those interested in the development 
of the resources of the South are, to 
some extent at least, conversant with 
the methods employed by the Southern 
Railway Company in advancing the 
material growth of the country served 
by its lines. For several years past 
that company has made special effort 
to attract to the South a desirable 
class of German immigrants. While 
' this work is one that requires time, 
l labor and patience, the results have 
been fairly satisfactory, and several 
settlements of that class of people have 
been established along the lines of the 
Southern Railway. 

The success achieved by the com- 
pany has convinced it of the wisdom 
of redoubling its efforts, and it has de- 
cided to wage an active campaign, hav- 
ing for its purpose the location of a 
larger number of thrifty German farm- 
ers along the line. There is no better 
class of emigrant than the thrifty Ger- 
man farmer and such a settlement is 
always an important factor in the 
growth and development of the section 
of country in which it is located. 



Wise Man's 
Wagon. 

The man who has had experience 
in running a wagon knows that it 
is the wheels that determine the 
life of the wagon itself. Our 

ELECTRIC iSSk 

have given a new lease of life to thousands of old 
wagons. They can be had in any desired height.and 
any width of tire up to 8 inches. With a set orthes* 
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high 
or a low down wagon. The Electric II nmly 
Wagon is made by skilled workmen, of best select- 
ed material— white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel 
hounds, etc. Guaranteed to carry 1000 lbs. Here Is 
the wagon that will save money for you, as it 
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the uses 
otthese wheels and wagons sent free. Write for It. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCY, ILLINOIS. 





fWE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and send t Barer Wheel* 8L.1 Tlr. o. - *J;«* 
With Rubber Tire., $15.90. I mfg. wtasels H to*i» 
tre.d.Top Baggie,, »28.75; Harne.s, *S.«C . Writ* il- 
-at.loiue. Lesrn how to bay vehicles and parts dlreet 
w„oo Umbrell. FREE. W. V. BOOB, Clael-nsU, ft 



THE IMPROVED 



Write for Prices. 




Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y., U. S. A. 
HERCULES STUMP PULLER 




Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day. 
Clear9 all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without 
moving or changing machine, Strongest, most 
rapid working and best made. 
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St., Centreville. Iowa. 

STEEL ROOFING 

lOO SQUARE FEET $2.00 

Painted two »ide-: null* Included. 
Strictly new, pei lect, Semi-Hardened Steel 
Sheets, fUeet loiiff. The beat Hoofing;, 
Mdlng or Celling you can use. No ex- 
perience necessary to lay it. An ordinary 
hammer or hatchet the only- tool?, yoi 
need. Hither flat, corrutrated or ,l *v»' 
•rnnrid. Write for our Free Catalogue 
N 166 on Farm Supplies, Furniture, etc. 
CUH'AtiO MOt SK tt KM klMi CO., <¥. S6UA Iron Sis., t'hlrnc* 




1 I 

Bughton's 



MO HUMBUG. 

Bwlo. V, Stock Marker an) fait Dehcnxr. Btopr •»"» 
from rootlnir. Makea4S different ear mark*. BxHSOOJ 
Bonn. Prle«»l.M. 8enci Jl f.T trial. IfltnltS.audbal. 
an.-.. Pall shv «. MM. Hog and C-Jf Hold 
CEORCE BOOS, Mir., FAIRFIELD, IOWA. 




780 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[D'ecember 




No Money 
In Advance. 

We will send any re- 
sponsible farmer a 



DITTO'S 



FEED GRINDER 



Triple Geared, 
Ball Bearing, 

to test on his own farm. Grinds ear corn 
and all small grain. If it is not the easiest 
running, with largest capacity, don't keep it. 
It is strong and powerful — a time saver and a 
money maker. Send for circulars and full 
particulars. 

G. HI. DITTO, Box 48 Joliet, Ills. 



Leave Off Chopping, 

wasting your time and strength. It is easy J 
work— turning the wood pile into money or I 
keeping up your own firea with 

Freeman's Woo s d a 

Easy, perfect 
working machines 
of vaiied patterns 
and right prices. 
We also make the 
famous Freeman 
Windmills, Corn 
Shelters, Feed Cut- 
ters, etc. 

Ask for our cata- 
logue 110 

I S. FREEMAN & SONS 

MFG. CO., 
I Racine, Wisconsin. 




The Southern Railway Company will 
soon publish an illustrated pamphlet 
in German, the object of which will be 
to give reliable information concern- 
ing each of the Southern States tribu- 
tary to its lines to all Germans con- 
sidering the question of change of loca- 
tion. This pamphlet will be followed 
by other publications giving general 
information about this territory which 
it is thought will be the means of at- 
tracting the attention of thousands of 
German to the South. — M. V. Rich- 
ards, Southern R. Co., Washington, 



RICHARD BAXTER. 
A tale of New England life, time 
about 1830, is the title of a new novel 
just issued. This is written by our old 
friend, the Hon. Edward F. Jones, of 
Binghamton, ex-Lieutenant Governor 
New York, but better known to our 
readers as "Jones, He pays the 
Freight." This is one of the most en- 
tertaining books of the day, and will 
carry old Yankees back home in their 
memory. It is brim full of sentiment, 
humor and pathos. Real characters, 
not caricatures. We predict for it a 
wider sale than any novel for many 
years. It is published by the Grafton 
Press, New York. 12 mo., 350 pages, 
16 illustrations, finely bound, $1.50. All 
booksellers, or postpaid by mail. 



A Bushel In 
Less Than 




3 MINUTES. 

That's the way your feed wiU be 
ground when you use the 

KEYSTONE 

Triple ©car 

GRINDING MILL. 

Builtasstrongnsananvil. Burrs 
»r» of hard white iron. Boxes 
and g-uy jrons furnished with 
_ mill. Capacity of mill from 20 to 
SO bushels per hour. We are making a special In- 
troductory price now. Write for the catalogue and 
prices on the full line. Corn sheUers, planters, cul- 
tivators, teed cutters, etc. 

I Keystone Farm Machine Co., 

tS64BeavrSt., York, Pa. 



MIXED FEED 

Unhusked corn, husked ears, 
shelled corn and all grains 
broken, crushed and ground 
in_oneoperation by 

KELLY 

DUPLEX 

Grinding Mills. 

Speediest, easiest run- 
'ningmillsmade. Double 
breakers, double set of burrs. 4 sizes for all pow- 
ers. Force feed, never choke. Get free catalogue. 
THE O. S. KELLY CO., Springfield, Ohio. 

Make Your Own Fertilizer 

at Small Cost with ' | 

Wilson's Phosphate Mills 

From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone Out-' 
tern, hand and power, for the poul- 
trymen; Farm Feed Alii Ik, Gra- 
ham Flour Hand Mills, Grit and 
Shell Mills. Send for catalogue. 
WILSON BROS., Sole JIfrs., 
Euston, Pa. 




BLACKLEG. 




Stock raisers have become convinced 
that Blackleg can be prevented by vac- 
cination, and the question is, what 
kind, what form, and what make of 
vaccine is the best? The Pasteur 
Company's powder form of vaccine is 
the best known, as it has been in use 
for nearly twenty years and it is the 
original preparation, the only draw- 
back being the troublesome syringe 
outfit. However, the cord or string 
form of vaccine introduced some years 
ago by the Pasteur Company is the 
most convenient and has become the 
most popular as it is always ready for 
use. Its application is very easy and 
it has proved to be as good as the old 
powder form. The cord form is gen- 
erally known under the short name of 
"Blacklegine." Both the Pasteur 
Powder Vaccine and Blacklegine are 
furnished for single treatment for or- 
dinary stock, and for double treatment 
for fine stock. The double treatment 
costs 20 cents per dose in packages of 
10 doses, with reductions for quanti- 
ties, while the single treatment costs 
from 15 cents down to 10 cents per 
dose, or even less, according to quan- 
tity. All stock raisers in blackleg dis- 
tricts know that it pays to use the best 
and original vaccine furnished by the 
Pasteur Vaccine Company, Chicago 
and San Francisco. 



A neat Bimicr for your back »*■*- 
b«r« can be had for II coats. Address 
our Business Oflee. 



Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 




You Try, It. 

It costs nothing. Re- 
turn at our expense if 
this mill fails to grind 
shelled corn, ear corn, 
all grains or mixed 
feed stuffs, easier, fast- 
er and better than any 
other. 

New Holland Mills 

are the practical, every day mills for every 
day wants. No other good mill at so low a 
price. Made in 3 sizes. Adapted to any kind 
of power. Don't fail to get our free catalogue 
before buying. 



NEW 



HOLLAND MACHINE 
Box 163, New Holland, Pa. 



CO., 



See if Work! 

Any responsible party may try on his own premises 
for 15 days and return at our expense if not the best. 

MONARCH 
French Burr and 
Attrition Mills 

are farmers' mills. Meal or 
ieeti, corn on cob or small 
grains. Rapid grinders, 
all sizes. VV rite for free 
catalog for particulars. 

I Sprout Waldron & Co. 

Box 202, Muncy, Pa. 





'UEEBNER'S FE^D CUTTERS. 



; Feed all your fodder. By using 1 Heebner's cutters with 
(shredder attachment the whole of the nutritious stock is cut, 
crushed and shredded, and rendered edible. No waste. 

I Animals eat itirree'iily and thri'C Shredd-r attachment costs 33.00. The 
(model ensilaee cutter. Al*o mate TVeal Powers. Lever Powers, Little 
Giant and Penna. Threshers, Wood , Saws, Peed Mills, etc. Catalog free 

1HEEBNEK A. BOSS, 35 Broad St.. I^ansdale, Pa. 



Uf[U DRILLING 
If C L L MACHINES 

The most successful money-making ma- 
rines ever made. AJse machines for boring 
wells with augers by horse power. Write 
lib if you mean business. 

Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio- 



WARRINER5 
CHAIN HANGING 
5TANCHI0N. 

U CLEAN, SAFE. 



Mfd.byW.B CRUMB ForestvilleiOMN. 



GET ALL THE CREAM, 

—BY USING— 

The SUPERIOR CREAM SEPARATOR. 

Does not mix water with the milk. 
It is the best Separator made. A 
trial convinces, and every Separator 
is guaranteed. Write today for Cat- 
alogue to the SUPERIOR FENCE MA- 
CHINE CO., 291 Grande River Ave., De- 
troit, Michigan. 




1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



781 




Five Baskets or Three 



A planter who can make five baskets of 
cotton where lie formerly made but three, by 
simply Top Dressing his land with one hun- 
dred pounds, per acre, of 

Nitrate of Soda. 

[The Standard Ammonlate) 
is simply neglecting: to reap full benefit from 
his soil if he does not use the Nitrate, for 
this result is within the reach of every Cotton 
Planter. 

Equally profitable results may be obtained 
from corn, grass, tobacco or potatoes, from 
fruits or garden products, in fact fr.m any- 
thing that grows. "Food for Plants," and 
other valuable bulletins giving actual field 
trials with Nitrate of Soda at Agricultural 
Experiment Stations, are sent free to farm" 
ers. Send name and address on Post Card. 
WilllamS, Myers, Director, 12-16 John St.,N.V. 




ASPARAGUS 



100,000 2-yr. old Asparagas roots, 
5 varieties. A special rate of $3.50 
perlOi'O for 2 mos. for BAKU'S, 
PALMETTO, CONOVER. . 

APPLES 

A large general assortment, in- 
cluding WINES APS and YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid Assortment 

of Ornamental, Shade 

and Fruit Trees. 



[ 



from B. P. Rocks. Light 
Brahmas, Brown Leg- 
horns at $1.00 per 13. 



WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. 



JIVIWIRO. 



Strawberry Plants, 

All grown in fresh rich ground, healthy, 
well-rooted plants that will please you; 
over 30 kinds to offer Raspberry plants 
and Peach trees also; see us before you 
buy. Our stock hap been thoroughly in- 
spected and found fre- from any dise.-se. 
Address JOHN L7GHTFOOT. 

Sherman Heights Tenn. 

Q %S RAW FURS wanted 

For London January Sales. Opossum, Muskrat, Mink, 
Skunk, Raccoon and others. Hieh«st cash prices paid. 
Write A. £. Burkhurdt, Jliiln &. 2nd, Cincinnati, O. 



THE AMERICAN CREAM SEPARA- 
TOR. 
There are several things which make 
it advisable for intending purchasers 
to consider carefully the American 
Cream Separator advertised in our 
columns. First, is it's reasonable 
price. A man with but two or three 
cows will find it worth while to own 
it and may soon get his money back. 
It is not only the cheapest of all good 
separators, but it is simple in the ex- 
treme, and easy to run and keep clean. 
Last, but not least, it is a clean, close 
skimmer. It gives such universal sat- 
isfaction, that the manufacturers, the 
American Separator Company, of Bain- 
bridge, N. Y., will place it in any re- 
sponsible party's hands for free trial, 
with no obligation to buy unless per- 
fectly satisfied. Consult the company's 
advertisement elsewhere. . 



KELLY DUPLEX GRINDING MILL. 
Rapid grinding is one of the char- 
acteristics of the Kelly Duplex Mi": 
here shown. But it is only one. Most 
mill makers advertise mills to grind 
ear or shelled corn. This mill grinds 
both, and you may leave the husks on 
without fear of choking. 




_ ■ " '•:■■.■ ":: ::< ... T': : ' :: : ■■~iii) 
The illustration will show that it is 
not one of the flimsy, unsubstantial 
kind. The Kelly Mill has a double set 
of burrs. In reducing ear or unhusked 
corn, there are three processes, break- 
ing,, crushing and grinding, reducing 
the feed to any degree of fineness at 
the pleasure of the operator, and all 
in one operation. It grinds smaller 
grains, as oats, rye, etc., equally well. 
It has a feed regulating device and its 
grinding is always uniform. It is 
made in four convenient sizes, adapted 
to the needs of any feeder and suited 
to any power that may be desirable to 
use. 

It is manufactured by the O. S. Kel- 
ly Co., Springfield, Ohio, (O. S. Kelly 
M'f'g Co., Iowa City, Iowa,) who will 
be pleased to send you catalog fully 
describing it to any one writing for it. 



A neat Binder for your back nnna- 
bers can be had for 25 c»ti. Addr 
our Business Office. 



rfSSS 



A Dollar's Worth For 
Every Dollar 

No stale packet bargain offers. All fresh, plump, quick 

starting, every kiml grown In the climate which 

matures it best. North, South, East, West, 

Our General Supply Line 

includes tools, anpliances, etc., for Farm, Garden, Dairy 
and Poultry. The varied lines keep our large force busy 
all the year and make attractive prices in our large sjener- 
al catalog. Every standard appliance for the farm indus- 
tries. Write us your wants. Be sure you get General 
Catalogue No. 10. It's FREE tor the asking. 

GRIFFITH & TURNER COMPANY, 
206. N. Paca Street, Baltimore, Md. 



Peach and Apple Trees, 

BONAVISTA NURSERIES, Greenwood. Va. 

We offer a fine lot of choice trees for 
Fall and Spring planting 

Our apple trees are the best — Wine Sap, 
Mammoth Black Twig, York Imperial 
and Albemarle Pippin, all perfect and 
well grown trees. 

Our peach trees are the standard sorts, 
Stump, Elberta, Bilyeu's (Comet, ) Won- 
derful, Champion, Globe, Picquet'sLate. 
Albright's Winter, Crawford E. &L.,etc. 

We send out none but eood trees and 
have never had a complaint made by any 
purchaser of our 6tock. Order soon, es- 
pecially Peach' s, as good trees will be 
very scarce this season. 

CHAS. F HACKETT, Manager. 

We offer all kinds of : 



Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with adyertisera. 



..Nursery stock. 

STRAWBERRY PLANTS at re- 
duced prices; 1 doz. rooted GRAPE 
VINES of CONCORD, NIAGARA, 
WARDEN, etc., at $1; all healthy stock 
and fumigated before shipped; grown 
on ideal land for fine roots and smooth 
bodies. 

Send fer Spec'al Price t« Planters. 

EMPORIA NURSERIES 

EHPORIA, VA. 

No. 1 Agents wanted. We refer to 
any business house here as to our hon- 
esty. 

TREES! TREES!! 

I otter a fine lot of whole root trees*. 

Apples, Pea rs, Peaches, 
Cherries, Plums, Grape 
Vines. Raspberries, Etc. 

Save agent's commission by send- 
ing your orders to the nursery. 

CATALOGUE FREE. 
All Stock Inspected and Fumigated. 

WERTZ'S NURSERY, Salem. Va. 



782 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[December 



A Golden Rule 
of Agriculture: 

Be good to your land and your crop 
will be good. Plenty of 

Potash 



in thefertilizer spellsquality f A. 
and quantity in the har- ( j { $?/ 
vest. Write us and 
we will send you, 
free, by next mail, 
our money winning 
books. 

GERMAN KALI WORKS, 

New York— 93 Nassau St. 

or 

Atlanta, Qa— 11%. So.Brcad St. 




THE WOOD CUTTER'S MACHINE. 
The man who follows the time hon- 
ored custom of sawing wood will find 
a piece of machinery that will save 
him great labor in the Folding Sawing 
Machine pictured here. It is manu- 
factured by a company of the same 
name in Chicago and is regularly ad- 
vertised in our columns. This ma- 
chine takes the place of the old time 




SAN JOSE SCALE WE 

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH 

"WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3. 

It also prevents Cur) Leaf. Endorsed by en- 
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well as 
insecticide 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs, $4 50. 
Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3>£c. per lb.; barrels, 
425 lbs., at 3J4c. Large quantities, special rates. 
Send for circular. 

JAMES GOOD. 
939— 41 N. Front St., Philadelphia, pa 

Defender 
Sprayer 

All brass, easiest work- 
ins:, most powerful, auto' 
matic mixer, expansion 
valves, double strainer. 
Catalogue of Pumps and 
Treatise on Spraying free. 
Agents Wanted; 
J. F. Gaylord, Box 82 CatskiU, N. Y. 

Book of Bugs Free. 

Send us your name and that of your druggist 
and we will send you free of charge a copy of our 
Book of Bugs, illustrating and describing the de- 
structive worms and insects that damage your 
erops. The edition is limited and you must 
write for it to receive it. Very valuable as a 
book of reference THE PROTECTO COn= 
PANY, 129 West First Ave., Monmouth, 111. 




V 25C. 
Year. 



Best Fruit Paper 

Send 25c and names of 10 farmers who yrow fruitand 
you will receive for a year the "Fruit-Grower," best 
fruit paper published, reg. price 50c year. Fruit-Grow- 
er has 16 to 64 pages monthly, illustrated, clean, de- 
voted entirely to fruitculture. Prof. Price, Dean Ohio 
Agl College, says: "Pruit-Oruwer Ib beet fruit paper wc have, East 
or West." J. H. Hale, Cooneetlcu t,B»ya: "Fruit-Grower ie a mighty 
good paper— one of the very beat. " For Bample, etc. , address 

FRUIT-GROWER CO., 312 S. 7th Street, St. Joseph, Mo. 



cross cut saw. It can be used in any 
situation where the cross cut can be 
used, and its great value is seen in 
this, that one man can saw more wood 
with it than two men can with the old 
cross cut saw. It has a record of nine 
cords of wood in a single working day 
by one man. It is not only adapted to 
sawing felled trees, but to sawing 
down trees. It is so adjusted that the 
operator is not at all discommoded 
whether working on the fallen log, the 
standing tree, on the hillside, etc. 
When through with one job it can be 
folded up in compact form, "like a 
jack knife," placed on the shoulder and 
carried off to other work. Any one in- 
terested should consult the advertise- 
ment elsewhere for correct address and 
wri te the company for catalog and 
full information. 



Hunters' & Trappers' Guide A SSS 



|Hun 



300 pages, cloth bound, illustrating all f ur iinlmuts. 

All ahout trapping. Trapper*' Secrets, all kinds of 

traps, decora, Ac. Special Prlceftl.tofurshfpperB 

postpaid. We buy Raw Pnrs, Hides. Price List free. 

aNDKKSCIl IIBOS., Depl.817, Minneapolis, JUnn. 



A FEED MILL GUARANTEED. 

The New Holland Cob and Feed Mill, 
manufactured by the New Holland Ma- 
chine Works, New Holland, Pa., is one 
of the mills that depends on its own 
work to sell it, and is therefore, freely 
sent forth to responsible parties on 
trial. With the opportunity to make 
test of its worth at the buyer's own 
home goes a remarkable guarantee of 
the manufacturers, which shows the 
faith they have in its adaptability and 
superior working qualities. This guar- 
antee says that it may be tested freely 
on ear corn, shelled corn, small grains 
and all feed stuffs, and that it must 
establish the fact to the proposed buy- 
er's satisfaction that it will do the 
work "easier, better and faster than 
any other mill." Failing to sustain 
such a broad challenge, it is no sale, 
and the mill can be returned at the 
company's expense. 

This broad guarantee covers most 
satisfactorily just those things re- 
quired in a feed mill. It does not seem 
possible for one to go wrong with the 
added opportunity to put it to the test. 
It is made in three sizes, and is 
adapted to the -use of any kind of 
power. 

Anyone contemplating the purchase 
of a feed mill, should at least send for 
this company's catalog and make in- 
vestigation before placing an order. 



UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCING 

HAS BEEN FULLY 

TESTED AND FOUND 

SUPERIOR TO ALL 

OTHERS. 

Will fit uneven 
ground without 
cutting. Bvery part 
can be stretched 
perfectly. Made of 
high grade galvanized steel wire. All horizontal 
lines are cables, making it stronger. Has fine mesh 
at the bottom for small chicks. We also make 
extra heavy for gardens, lawns, etc. The largest 
poultry farms are using this fence— over 700 rods 
by Lakewood (N. J.) Farm Co. We pay freight 
and satisfy every one or no sale. Can ship from 
N. Y., Chicago, or San Francisco. Write for 
f ree^atalog of Farm, Lawn and Poultry Fencing. 
CASE BROS., Box 340, Colchester, Conn. 




#■ T T - 



T T T » f 



-t Genuine Spiral Spring Wire 

FENCES AND GATES 

If your dealer does not have our 
goods in stock you can buy direct 
at Manufacturers' Price. Write 
for Catalogue and secure agency. 

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO. 
Columbus, Ohio. 




dp.-.. - 


^^H 


s==iii 



Just As Soon As 



vou get through experimenting, you'll be using 
Pase Pence. Our lithographed catalog tells why! 
PAGK WOVf-N HIRK li". Nf!F! <'0„ Vdrian. Mich 



ft *>>>>>Mi:im>$ 



LAWN FENCE 

(Many designs. Cheap as 
" wood. 82 page Catalogue 
E free. Special Prices to Corne- 
ll teries and Churches. Address 

COILED SPRING FENCE SO. 
I Box Q Winchester, Ind. 




SENT ON TRIAL 

A Fence Machine that will make over 100 
Styles of Fence and from 50 to 70 rods a day 

AT ACTUAL COST OF WIRE 

Horse-high, Bull-strong, Pig and Chicken-tight. 
Wire at Wholesale Prices. Catalogue Free. 

Kitselman Bros. Box 165 Muncie, Ind. 




IT 12 ft C MSTROMGEST 

r £ II u £ I made . Bun 

■ »■■*■»■■■ strong. Chlckenv. 
tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale 
Prices. Pally Warranted. Catalog Free. 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
Box SS Winchester. Indiana, II. S. 4 



j& ROOFING TIN j& 

Iron and paper roofing, nails, builder's hard- 
ware, sash, doors, etc., carriage and wagon 
goods, paints and oils, cook and heating stoves, 
guns, pistols, rifles, "Robin Hood" loaded shells. 
Do you use any of the above? Write us. 

HARRIS HARDWARE CO., &kWa: 




Krausers' Liquid 
Extract of Smoke 

Smokes meat perfectly in a 

few hours. Sistde from hickory wood, 

Jicliciousilavor. Cleaner, cheaper. No 

rniokcliouse needed. Send for circular. 

.«. 'J/Vl/SKR «fc HR\.., Milton, Pa. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 26 cents. Addrew 
our Business Office. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



7S3 



c r eeHoli<|^ 



Games 

60 different games— one in each 
package of 

Lion Coffee 



The Southern Planter* 

If troubled with any form of ner- 
vousness or Dyspepsia, Palpitation of 
the Heart or Sleeplessness, Rush of 
Blood to the head or General Debility 

Can Be Cured By 

DR. DUGNAL'S 

FAMOUS NERVE PILLS. 

40 DOSES BY MAIL, POSTPAID, 50c. 
DUGNAL REMEDY CO., 

P. O. Drawer No. 52. Dept. J. 

NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 



FRAZER 

AX C UrCaSC the world. 
1 Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 
tually outlasting 3 bxs. any other brand, 
Not affected by heat. *»"Get the Genuine. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. 




BORO, N.C. 



For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE «nd 
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion 



B- WANTED -: 

Shippers of POULTRY of all Kinds, 
Dressed HOGS, GAME, etc., to write to 

E. W. EVANS & CO., 
1313 E Cary St., RICHMOND, VA. 
For prices before shipping elsewhere. 

HOW TO FEED AND BREED HOGS 

is of importance to swine growers. _ A 
practical, clean, common-sense swine 
paper for farmers can be had from now 

Ito January, 1905, hy sending 10 Cents 
in Silver at once to 

k BLOODED STOCK, 
Oxford, Pa. 




HANDSOME FRUIT PAPER. 
In this issue appears the advertise- 
ment of "The Fruit Grower, St. Joseph, 
Mo., one of the very best fruit papers 
published. Indeed, Prof. Price, dean of 
the Ohio Agricultural College, says it 
is the very best fruit paper published, 
East or West. The advertisement tells 
how the paper can be secured at half 
price. Look it up and send for this 
paper. 

HANDY LOW DOWN WAGONS. 

The Electric Wheel Company of 
Quincy, Illinois, has perhaps done 
more than any other one institution 
to popularize the low wheel and handy 
wagon. Their "Electric" Steel Wheel 
is the kind that is made to last. An 
item that has multiplied the number 
they are constantly sending out is that 
they are made to fit the skein of any 
make of wagon. The wheels being the 
first to give way in the wooden felloe 
high wheel style of wagon, a great 
many farmers take advantage of this 
fact and procuring the "Electric" 
wheels, convert their old wagons into 
Handy Wagons. In most cases the run- 
ning gears are good and with little 
expense they secure a wagon as good 
as new. with all the conveniences 
which the use of the low down Handy 
Wagon carries with it. If any reader 
of this finds his old high wheels giving 
away, he will do well to send to the 
above company for their catalog and 
learn what their low steel wheel will 
do in the way of giving him practically 
a new wagon at but very slight cost. 
It must not be forgotten that the com- 
pany makes the best Handy Wagon 
complete where parties desire it. 

THE PHILLIPS DEHORNING KNIFE 
The dehorning knife has come to be 
almost a stable necessity to the dairy- 
man and cattle feeder. There are sev- 
eral knives on the market and perhaps 
Pomeroy, Pa.. Its great point of ad- 
vantage is that it cuts from all four 




sides at once, and thereby secures a 
clean, clear cut that is all cut and no 
breaking or crushing. Several of the 
government experiment stations have 
given it unqualified endorsement. The 
acting Director at Cornell University 
commends especially its "ease of op- 
eration and durability," and describes 
it as "the best instrument of its kind 
that we have ever used." 

Mr. Phillips advertises the dehorner 
regularly in our columns. Any one in- 
terested should write him for a copy 
of a little descriptive book he sends 
out free. 



Cheap eggs 
are as good as 
cheap lamp- 
chimneys. 
Macbeth. 



If you use a wrong chimney, you lose a 
good deal of both light and comfort, and 
waste a dollar or two a year a lamp on 
chimneys. 

Do you want the Index ? Write me. 

Macbeth, Pittsburgh. 

WANTED ™ 

By a married man. a POSITION as 
manager on stock, dairy or general 
farm. Thoroughly competent, and best 
references. Box 41, Espy, Pa. 

POSITION WANTED AS FARM MANAGER 
or Superintendent of large estate by a mid- 
dle-aged single man, with practical and 
educational experiences in farming, dairy- 
ing, cattle, sheep, swine, horticulture and 
poultry culture. 

EUGENE BAYER, 
Charlottesville, Va. 

WANTED A GOOD, SETTLED MAN WITH 
small family to attend to 5 or 6 cows, 
make butter, and attend to family garden. 
Must understand cultivation of flowers. 
Place open until December. Address, 

MIRADOR, Greenwood P. O., Va. 

THE PEACH GROWER 

Fruit Culturist and 
Trucher's Magazine 
Published Monthly, AUanln, Qa. Is indispens- 
able to growers of fruit and truck. Best horti- 
culturists in the land are regular contributors, 
Handsomely printed and illustrated. Send 26 
cents and names of 25 fruit growers, for a year's 
subscription. Von can't afford to miss reports of 
Georgia experiments now being made on peach 
orchards. 

WANTED! 

ALL KINDS OF 

LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS 

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Ducks, Swans, Bob White Quail, 
Grey Squirrels, Bear, Etc. 

CECIL FRENCH, 
718 Twelfth St. N.IW., Washington D. C. 



NO MORE BLIND HORSES— For Specific 
Ophthalmia, Moon Blindness and other Sore 
Eyes. BARRY CO., Iowa City, la., have a 
cure. 



784 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[December 



IMMCQ1AND THE PLACE TO 

HUM CO FIND THEM. . , 

No place in "the'lJuited States can a 
man do so well at farming, for tt e money 
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are 
cheap; climate good, and the best of 
markets close at hand. It is the Stat* 
of all others, for a comfortable all the 
year round home. The James River 
Valley Colonization and Improvement 
Company offer superior advantages to 
land purchasers. For free 36 page land 
pamphlet, address 

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. 

C&O Main St. Depot Richmond, Va. 



♦ ♦ 



To Homeseekers** 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA." 

Is the title of a sew pamphlet issued by the 
Norfolk and Western Railway Cempaay. We 
will gladly mail yeu a copy. 
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHBRER, A*t., 
G. P. A., Lands and Immigration, 
Roanoke, Va. 

I HAVE A LARGE LIST OF 

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS 

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with 

good buildings, close to steam and trolley 

lines, easy access to the city. Also, 

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS 

From 100 to 1,000 acres at low prices — all the 

way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for 

Catalogue. 

J. R. HOCKADAY, Richmond, Va. 

Box 257. 

IF YOU WISH TO SELL 

VIRGINIA LANDS 

Communicate with us. Write for free 
"Virginia Real Estate Jeuraal," cap- 
taining many spleadlt bargains. 
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc , 

No. 1 N 10th St, Richmond, Va 

2 (IOOD DAIRY FAR/IS, 

Vicinity of Washington FOR SALE. 

Electric railway through one and near 
the other. For particulars address 
L. E. WALT, 745 7th St., S E , 

Washington, D C. 

/ Can Sell Your Farm.... 

If located in one of these Virginia counties: 
Prince George, Chesterfield, King William, 
Gloucester, New Kent, King and Queen, 
Hanover. Send description, stating price. 
JOHN JELINEK, 1116 Pine Alley, 
Braddock, Pa. 

DUE CADMC ln tDe great fruit grain and 
lint rAnlYlO stock section of VIRGINIA. 
Best climate and water in the U. 8. Near great 
markets, with best educational advantages. 
For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Bam'l B. Woods. Pres Charlottesville, Va 



FERTILIZER CHEMICALS. 
Quotations furnished by Edmund 
Mortimer k Co.. of New York, on ag- 
ricultural chemicals commonly used by 
farmers. These prices are those at 
which the goods can be purchased in 
lots of one ton or over, in original 
packages, delivered f. o. b. cars at 
New York City, and are for cash. In 
all cases carload lots of any one of the 
materials can be purchased for less 
money, and, if possible, farmers should 
combine and order in round lots. 
AMMONIATES. 

Per ton 
Nitrate of Soda, containing about 
16 p. c. of Nitrogen, in bags, 

weighing about 200 pounds $45 

Sulphate of Ammonia, containing 
about 20 p. c. of Nitrogen, irreg- 
ular weight packages 65 

Dried Blood, containing about 10 
p. c. of Nitrogen, irregular 

weight packages 40 

Tankage, containing about 8 p. c. 
Nitrogen and 10 to 12 p. c. Phos. 
Acid 35 

POTASHES. 

Muriate of Potash, containing 
about 50 p. c. of Potash, in 225 
pound bags 40 

Sulphate of Potash, containing 
about 50 p. c. of Potash, in 225 
pound bags 45 

Kainit, containing about 12 p. c. 
of Potash, in irregular weight 
packages 12 

Nitrate of Potash, containing 
about 45 p. c. Potash and 13 p. 

c. Nitrogen (Ammonia) 70 

' PHOSPHATES. 

Acid Phosphates, containing 14 p. 

c. Available 12 

Containing 16 p. c. Available. . . 13 

Bone Meal, containing about 3 p. 
c. Nitrogen and 20 p. c. Phos. 
Acid 22 

Peruvian Guano, containing about 
20 p. c. Phos. Acid, 3J p. c. Nirto- 
gen, 4 p. c. Potash, in 200 pound 

30 



Go South. 



For full par- 
ticulars write 
A. JEFFERS, 
Norfolk, Va. 



MIXED. 

"Everybody's Magazine" tells a little 
story which shows the mixed feelings 
with which the Southerner regards 
Booker T. Washington. An old Flor- 
ida colonel recently met Booker T. 
Washington, and in a bibulous burst 
of confidence said to the negro educa- 
tor, "Sun, I'm glad to meet you. Al- 
ways wanted to shake your hand, suh. 
I think, suh, you're the greatest man 
in America." 

"Oh, no!" said Mr. Washington. 

"You are, suh," said the colonel; 
and then, pugnaciously, "Who's great- 
er?" 

"Well," said the founder of Tuske- 
gee, "there's President Roosevelt." 

"No, suh," roared the colonel. "Not 
by a jugful! I used to think so, but 
since he invited you to dinner I think 
he's a blank scoundrel." 



QUARTZ and MICA grinding mill for 
sale on railroad; list of 500 custom- 
ers. Close to millions of tons of 
quartz, feldspar and mica section. 
G. G. TEMPLE, Danville, Va. 

VWGINIA FARMS 

S3 PE« ACRE AND UPWARD*. 

EAST PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FRM. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Vi. 

Established 1S7I. 



"In the Green Fields of Virginia/' 

Homes for all; Health for all; Happiness and 
Independence for all. All sizes of Farms at 
corresponding prices, but all reasonable. 

MACON & CO., Orange, Va. 



VIRGINIA FARMS 

All prices amd size*. Free Hit •» a»»lics,ti*». 
WM.B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond. V*. 



•^»V» VIRGINIA FARMS •-*-• 

Nice little poultry farm, 100 acres, good house 
and orchard, $500.00. Blue Grafs, Stock and 
Fruit Farms. Address PORTER & GATES, 

Louisa, Va. 



"Crop Growing 
and Crop Feedng." 

BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY. 

383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c-. 

We offer this splendid werk la cemnee- 
tlon with the SOUTHERN PLANTER 
at the following prices: 
Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume, $1.25. 

Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Velume, 90c. 
Old er new sukscriytlsfta. 



The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG 

and POTOMAC R. R. 
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y 

Form the Link connecting the 
Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y, 
Pennsylvania R. R., 
Seaboard Air Line R'y 
and Southern R'y. 

Between all points, via Richmond, Va. 

Fast Mall, Passenger and srxsress R»ute be- 
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan- 
dria, Washlngten, Baltimore. Philadelphia, 
New York, Beeten, Pittskwrg, Buffale an* All 
Polmts Nertk, East aad West. 

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager.Richmond, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



"85 



FARMS FOR SALE! 

No. 16. 
130 acres — 20 acres hardwood, bal- 
ance In good state of improvement, and 
a splendid quality of red clay subsoil; 
50 acres in -wheat and timothy; 20 
acres in meadow, balance is new land, 
and will be for corn next spring. Situ- 
ated in excellent neighborhood of re- 
fined people. Twenty-two miles from 
"Washington, 5 miles from Herndon 
Station. Fronts on pike. Comfort- 
able 4-room house and all building 
Farm watered by large branches. 
Price, $20.00 per acre. Terms, to suit 
purchaser. 



No. 17. 
80 acres — 15 acres in hardwood, bal- 
ance in grass, except 20 acres for corn. 
Fronts on pike; 5 miles from railroad 
station. "Watered by large branch. 
All in good state of cultivation. No 
buildings. Price, $18.00 per acre. Easy 
terms. 



No. 18. 
385 acres in lower Loudoun county, 
only 23 miles from Washington; 40 
acres in hardwood, balance in good 
state of cultivation, divided into 8 
fields, with running water in all; well 
fenced; adopted to grain and grass. 
Two good cattle barns, a good, comfor- 
table 7-room dwelling, with a large, 
bold spring within 50 yards, an dall 
necessary autbuildings. Situated 4J 
miles from Sterling Station. This 
farm has 137 fine stock sheep and 21 
fat cattle weighing 1,200 pounds now; 
80 acres sown in wheat and rye; 50 
acres in meadow and balance of fields 
and pasture. If bought within the 
next 60 days the wheat and sheep will 
go with the farm. Price, $8,000, on 
easy terms. Write for full description. 



No. 19. 
215 acres in upper Fairfax county, 
20 miles from Washington; 6 miles 
from railroad; fronts on pike; near 
village with stores, post-office, churches 
and shops. Splendid brown chocolate 
clay soil. Seven fields, watered by 
branches and springs. A good 6-room 
frame house and all necessary farm 
buildings; 60 acres sown in wheat and 
grass; 25 in rye and grass; 30 in 
meadow, balance in pasture and for 
corn — all in good condition. Price, 
$25.00 per acre; one-third cash, balance 
on 6 years' time, if desired. 



No. 5. 
Contains 163 acres; one-half under 
cultivation; balance in second-growth 
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and 
necessary outbuildings; good orchard 
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near 
Southern railroad, twenty miles from 
Washington; well watered; a splend'" 
dairy farm. Price, $2,000. 



Farm No. 2. 
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti- 
vation; 50 acres original oak and 



hickory. Fronts on the pike running 
from Winchester to Alexandria; five 
miles from r&ilroad; onle-half mile 
from proposed electric railroad. Ex- 
cellent six-room dwelling house, with 
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely- 
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary 
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with 
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling 
enough to drain well; fine for wheat 
and grass; well watered. Owner con- 
templates making improvements. But 
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on 
easy terms. 



I have a number of other good farms 
for sale, both large and small. Write 
for description and state just what you 
want, and will be glad to serve you. 
W. E. MILLER, Herndon, Va. 



LIGHT ON A DARK SUBJECT. 

"F see by the newspaper,' says 
Smith, "that the whale that swallowed 
Jonah was recently killed in the Med- 
iterranean, and in its stomach they 
found, written on parchment, the diary 
that Jonah kept during the three 
days " 

"You can't make me believe any of 
that stuff," interrupts Brown. "In the 
first place, how could Jonah see to 
write his diary?" 

"Why," says Smith, "don't you sup- 
pose the whale had pains in his stom- 
ach?" — November LippincotVs. 



CANT-HOOK VS. STEAM. 

Before the introduction of the steam 
log turner in its practical application 
to the portable saw mill, the owner of 
such a rig worked at a very serious dis- 
advantage as compared with the larger 
mill and its labor-saving devices. 

There has been one cause of wasted 
time and labor in the operation of the 
portable mill that has heretofore been 
unavoidable. This was the necessity 
of waiting at every occasion for turn- 
ing the log on the carriage, while any- 
where from one to three men "wres- 
tled" it over with cant-hooks. In the 
meantime, the engine was running 
idle. However, the perfection of a 
really practical log turner has been ac- 
complished by the A. B. Farquhar Co., 
makers of the celebrated Farquhar 
Portable Mills and the Ajax Centre 
Crank Engines. This is the only de- 
vice of its kind that can be used with 
a portable mill. By increasing the 
daily output without the necessity for 
an increase of power and at an actual 
decrease in operating expense, it very 
materially swells the net profits. Any 
mill man interested in the most recent 
and up-to-date improvements in en- 
gines and saw mill machinery should 
write the A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd., 
York, Pa., for further information and 
free catalog. It pays well to keep 
posted. 




VICTOR BOOK 

tells why our machine Is prel-rrcl 
by users and all about artificial in- 
cubation. There's pointers thai may 
mean dollars to you. We pay freight 
Guarantee Roods as described or 
money back. The book is free. 
Write for it to-day. Postal will do. 
GEO. EKTEL CO., Quincy, 111. 




EA5Y MONEY 



la made by installing a Hawk' .• 
Incubator. Little cost, little care, 
results sure, profits large. SO l>a a 1 
Free Trial* Catalogue free. Mention 
this paper.— Hawkeye Incubator 
Co.. Box 41» t Newton, Iowa. 



CHICKS THAT LIVE 

get strong and healthy— gain 
steadily in weight, are chicks 
hatched in Reliable Incubators 



The Reliable 




provides automatically a constant 

current of odorless, warm air at a 

uniform temperature — chicks pip, hatch and thrive u» 

der its nature-like conditions. Send 10 cents and tre\ 

our 20th annual catalog— full of poultry information. 

Reliable Incubator and Brooder Co., Boi B-1 1 , Qulicy, III. 



BVILT TO LAST 



Never outclassed— Sure Hatch 
incubators. Built better than 
your house. No hot centers; no 
chilling draughts on sensitive 
eggs. Every cubic inch in egg 
chamber at uniform, blood tem- 
perature of fowl. It's a continual 
pleasure to hatch nearly every 
fertile egg with a Sure Hatch. 
Free catalogue , D 3* with pictures tells lively story. 

SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO. 
Clay Center, Neb. Indianapolis, Ind, 




Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertiser*. 



INCUBATORS hatch greatest 
number of finest chicks. 
BROODERS have never been 



PINELAND 

equalled. 

FIDELITY FOOD 

FOR YOUNG CHICKS 

Used everywhere by practical poultrymen and 
specialist fanciers with unfailing success. In- 
sures perfect health and promotes rapid growth 
Concise catalogue from 

Pineland Incubator and Brooder Co., Box M. 
Jamesburg, N. J., U. S. A 



Little Chicks 

thrive when fed on our 
BABY CHICK FOOD. 

A perfect balanced food. Sendifor free 
sample and our large Illustrated catalog 
of POULTRY SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO., 

517-519 West Broad St., 

Richmond, Va. 

EVERYTHING FOR THE FANCIER. 



CHARLIE BROWN, = Cartersville, Va. 

BREEDER AND SHIPPER OF HIGH CLASS — 

nammoth Bronze Turkeys, Barred 
Plymouth Rock Chickens, Embden 
Geese and Pekin Ducks. Yonng stool; 

FOR SALE. My strains consist of tl 
best blood that money can buy. Sat 
faction guaranteed. 



786 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[D'ecember 



EDGEWOOD STOCK FARM. 

Scotch Collies. White Wyandottes. 
COLLIE PUPS ready, all with full, white 
marks, sables and blacks. Beautiful! Both 
parents trained. Best blood In America. 
Order quick. $10, ?7. 

WHITE WYANDOTTES— Best strains for 
laying and beauty. White Wyandottes are 
prettiest chickens on earth. We offer Cock- 
erels and Pullets. You rarely And such Pul- 
lets for 51. Get ten pullets and cockerel at 
special offer. H. B. ARBUCKLE, 

Maxwelton, W. Va. 

OAKSHADE fl. B. Turkeys 
and Huguenot W. Wyandottes, 

: FOR SALE : 

Raised on 400 acre blue grass farm — the 
best 1 have ever seen. Eggs from White, 
Buff and Partridge Wyandottes in season 
Address Huguenot Poultry Yards, 
...Dublin, Va. 



FINE TURKEYS, ^^ 



for Breeders.' 



The Mammoth Bronze Is the finest speci- 
men of turkey in the world. I do not hesi- 
tate to say that I have the finest birds in 
Virginia. If you will file your orders now 
you will get choice ones out of a choice 
flock. I also have a few Barred Plymouth 
Rocks for sale. My fowls are all thorough 
bred. Write for circulars and rates. 

PIEDMONT POULTRY MLACE, 
Miss E. Callie Giles, Prop. - Whittle's Depot, Va. 

FIRST CLASS FOWLS 

FOR SALE, CHEAP. 

Barred, Buff and White Plymouth Rocks, 
White Wyandottes, Light Brahmas, Buff and 
Partridge Cochins, Black Htnorcas, Black 
Langshans, Brown and White Leghorns. 

Now is the time to secure bargains. 
Oakland Poultry Farm, 

C. J. WARINER, Mgr., Ruffin, N. C. 

FOR Sr\LE. 

Pure BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, MAM- 
MOTH BRONZE TURKEYS, TOULOUSE 
GEESE AND PEA FOWLS. Will exchange 
for good Berkshire or Poland-China pigs. 
MRS. W. F. JACKSON, Olga, P. 0., Amelia 
county, Va. 

COCKERELS, (Wyckoff Strain ) 
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS. 

To make room I will sell at $1.50 
each. For prize winners write to 
C. G. M. FINK, Rosneath Road, 
Henrico county, Va. 



BROWN LEGHORNS. 

Young stock for sale in 
Fall. Prices reasonable. 

White Plymouth Rocks. 

R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia, Va. 

Bargains in FINE COCKERELS, 

$1.50 each for a short time to make room — 
82 best varieties. Large, illustrated Catalogue 
free for stamps. Write to-day. 

VALLEY POULTRY FARMS. 
J E. HEATWOLE, Propr., Harrisonburg, Va. 



THE PEST OF SPARROWS. 

The government has again been giv- 
ing some attention to the English spar- 
row and, while at this writing no defi- 
nite statistics are obtainable, it is 
roughly estimated that there are up- 
wards of a hundred million of the lit- 
tle feathered creatures in this coun- 
try. The sparrows have long ago been 
voted a pest, but it was not until re- 
cently that strenuous efforts have been 
made toward their extermination. 

"Equip the boys with the Stevens 
rifle," says a well known Washington 
official, "and the sparrow question 
won't be a matter of doubt very long." 

This thought is right in line with 
the ideas that the J. Stevens Arms & 
Tool Co., of Chicopee Falls, Mass., the 
well known firearm makers, have been 
advocating for some time. The Stev- 
ens people have been urging the use 
of the small caliber rifiv on farms 
where not only the sparrow, but wood- 
chucks, squirrels, crows, hawks are 
also sources of nuisance. 

As a general proposition it does 
seem reasonable to believe that a man 
or bov, armed with a "Stevens" and in- 
structed in its use. could soon rid the 
neighborhood of the living crop de- 
stroyers at a small outlay md have a 
iot of fun himself while doing the 
work. 



The clothespress is a swell affair for 
garments nice and neat; the hay press 
is a good machine and does its work 
complete; the cider press is lovely with 
its juice so red and sweet, but the 
printing press controls the world and 
gets there with both feet. 



LEHMAN CARRIAGE HEATER. 
The recent spell of keen weather has 
probably made many of our readers 
wish for some means of keeping their 
buggies warm, thereby adding to the 
comfort of enforced travelling. Leh- 
man Bros... of New York, have solved 
this problem exactly in their Lehman 
Heater. This is a simple and cheap 
device, ond serves the purpose for 
which it was intended most admirably. 
Look up the advertisement and send 
for catalogue and prices. 



White Wyandottes, Buff Leg- 
horns, Bronze Turkeys. 

I can supply a few trios of White 
Wyandotte Cockerels and Pullets. Im- 
mediate delivery. Fine layers. 

Buff Leghorn Cockerels of extra fine 
laying strain ready for delivery in No- 
vember. 

Bronze Turkeys in pairs or trios. 
All at reasonable prices. 

One U. S. Separator in perfect re- 
pair. Capacity 350 pounds milk per 
hour. Cost $125. Price, $50. 

A. R. VENABLE, Jb., 
Milnwood Dairy Farm. 

P. O. Box 147, Farmville, Va. 



"It is said, though there is no evi- 
dence to substantiate the assertion, 
that a restaurant in Philadelphia al- 
ternates Scriptural texts with busi- 
ness epigrams, and that the result is 
something like this: "The Lord giv- 
eth and the Lord taketh away;" 
"Watch your hats and overcoats;" 
"Man shall not live by bread alone;" 
"Try our hamburger steak with on- 
ions, 20 cents;" "Take no thought for 
your life, what ye shall eat or what 
ye shall drink;" "Welsh rabbit and 
Lobster a la Newburg to order;" "The 
wind passeth over it, and it is gone, 
and the place thereof shall know it no 
more;" "We positively cannot be re- 
sponsible for umbrellas or personal 
property." — Ex. 



Barred and White 

PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

Single and R. C. B. Leghorn, S. L. 
Wyandottes, Light Brahma and B. 
Minorca Cockerels for sale. $1 per sin- 
gle bird; a trio for $3. 
J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm, 
Manassas, Va. 

SILVER-LACEDj £ 

'WYANDOTTES. 

New blood, choice specimens, 
strong- and healthy birds of 
fine plumage, ready for ahip- 
ment at #1.00 each. Alio 
pure-bred POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS at $5.00 each. 

Dr. H. H. LEE, 

Lexington, Va. 

- 3 M. P. D. 5 -* 

The above stands for 

TRIO MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS 

$5.00 as long as they last. 

PERFECTION POLAND-CHINAS, 
PROTECTION DUROC JERSEYS, 
Only the best is bred at The Cedars. 
THE CEDARS, Wfl. Q. OWENS, 

P. & S. Farm. Midlothian, Va. 




■FOR SALE- 



il. 8. Turkeys, Pekin Ducks, White Wyan- 
dottes, S. C. B. Leghorns (the great Winter 
layers) and B. P. Rock chickens. Order Now, 
and get the best. Miss CLARA L. SMITH, 
Caroline Co. Croxton, Va. 



Pure bred B. PLYMOUTH ROCK hens and 
pullets from a good laying strain. Also 
young Black Minorca Roosters. 

MISS S. M. HITER, 
Ellisville, Louisa Co., Va. 

PURE-BRED 

M BRONZE TURKEYS, GOLDEN and 
SILVER PENCILED HAMBURG and BAR- 
RED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens. Epgs In 
seas«m. F«r sale by T. J. WOOLD RIDGE, 
French Hay, Va. 



MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS 

- FOR SALE Apply to 

R. E. OREE Crozet, Va. 

lllpnni on ATP are handsome, hardy and 
ANuUKA UUA O profitable For large cir 
"la" address E. w' COLE & CO., Big Cliffy. Ky. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



787 



T&CK LICK IT 
TOCK^LIKE IT 



V 



BLACKMAN'S 
MEDICATED 

SALT BRICK 

The only guaranteed Tonic, Blood Pnsl- 
fler. Kidney and Liver Regulator and 
aider of Digestion for all stock . A 
sure hit on worms. Ticks cannot live. 
No dosing, no drenching, and no waste 
of feed. Your horse his own doctor. 
Endorsed by thousands 



full. descriptive circulars, testimonials, 
etc." address 

Blackmail Stock Remedy Co. 

930 Highland Park, Chattanooga, Tenn. 



Lump 



Save the animal— save your | 
herd-^ure every case of ' 

Lump Jaw. The disease is """' W 

fatalintlnie, and It spreads. Only one way r 4 
to cure it— use 

Fleming's Lump Jaw Cure 

No trouble— rub it on. No ri?k— your money I 
back i£ it ever fails. Used for seven year's 



by nearly all the big stockmen 
tells you more. 



Free book i 



£M\d Riixg-toone 

Once hard to cure— easy now. A 45-min- 
ute treatment d>es it. J o other meihod 
so easy— no oilier method suie. 

Fleming's Spavin and Ringbone Paste 

cures even the worst cases— none too old 
or bad. Money baok If It ever tails. Free 
IlliiKtrutcd hook about Lump Jaw, 
v Spavin. Bincbone, Splint, 1 i Spavin 
Jta and oiher slock allmen.s. Write for It. 
FLEMING BROS., Chemists, 
280 Union Stock Yards, Chleaco, 111. 



CATTLE 
POWDHR 



DAVID E.FOUTZ 

BALTIMOf?£. MD. 



A medicine which makes 

sick animals well, the diseased 

whole, the weak strong and the 

thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite, 

expel Worms and cure Chronic Cou^h, 

Heaves, Influenza. Distemper, Hide- 

V bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat- 

^ulcncy and all Stomach and Bowel 

trouble. 

The finest of all animal 
viti'izcrs and tonics and 
the only one which 
increases the coeffi- 
cient of digestibil- 
ity of protein. 

G«t th« Genuine » 
lend (• ul PampWci 
Ne. • Free. 



DEATH TO HEAVES 




NEWTON'S Hero, Co»rh, BW 

temp«r and In<ilg«atJ»a Care. 

( A veterinary speciUc for wind, 

tl throat and stomach troubles. 

Strong recommends. J1.U0 per 

can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid. 

Newton llorae Remedy Co., 

Toledo, Ohio. 




WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 
H. F. Coleman & Son. Mulberry Gap, 
Tenn., are ottering some choice Aber- 
deen Angus cattle in this issue. 

M. T. Thompson, Rio Vista, has for 
sale 1,000,000 cabbage plants and 50,- 
000 dahlia and canna bulbs. Look up 
his ad. 

C. E. Clapp, owner of the Rosemont 
Herefords, has a special announcement 
In this issue. He is offering some 
splendid young stock at bargain 
prices. 

The Bowmont Farms have some 
choice Yorkshire pigs for sale. There 
are some 48 about ready for shipment. 
Look up the ad and send in your order 
at once. 

H. Armstrong is offering Dorset 
sheep and Hereford cattle in another 
column. Some good stock at reason- 
able prices can be had here. 

Wilson Bros, are advertising a splen- 
did bone mill in another column. 

C. E. Jones, Carysbrook, Va., has a 
splendid offering of Aberdeen Angus 
cattle. 

Some splendid farms in Piedmont 
Virginia can be bought of W. E. Miller, 
who has a large ad on another page. 

The Smith Manure Spreader is be- 
ing offered to our readers again this 
season. Look up the ad. 

The Huguenot Poultry Yards are of- 
fering some excellent stock at present. 
The Sure Hatch Incubator ad makes 
its appearance in this number, this be- 
ing its second season with us. 

Mr. Wm. S. Myers, director of the 
Chilian Nitrate Works, has an ad in 
this issue, which will interest many of 
our readers. 

Several parties are advertising for 
farm managers and several farm man- 
agers are advertising for positions in 
this number. 

Mr. F. G. Hogan, the well-known 
Kentucky breeder, has a card in this 
number. Look up his ad. 

Rosedale Stock Farm is advertising 
Aberdeen Angus in another column. 

The Star Pea Huller is offered our 
readers in this issue. Look up the ad 
and write for prices. 

The Newton Dehorner is advertised 
by the H. H. Brown Mfg. Co. 

The Achme Harrow is offered to our 
readers again this season. Mr D. H. 
Nash, manufacturer, would like to send 
one out on trial to any one interested. 
Look up the ad of the Cyphers Incu- 
bator Co. 

Dorset Sheep and Collie Pups are ad- 
vertised by H. B. Arbuckle. We invite 
attention to these ads. 

Another new ad in this issue is that 
of E. W. Evans & Co., commission mer- 
chants, Richmond, Va. 



Mr. Charlie Brown, Cartersville, Va., 
a new advertiser in this issue, won first 
prize on Bronze Turkeys, Embden 
Geese, and Pekin Ducks at the Rich- 
mond Poultry Show, now in progress. 



Mention the Southern Planter In 
writing. 




Horse Owners! Use 

GODIBATJLT'S 

Caustic 
Balsam 

a Safe Speedy and Positive Cart 
Tfce Safest, Beat BLISTER ever used. Take. 

the place of all liniments for mi id or severe action. 
Kemoves Bunches or Blemishes from Honct 
SH3 £»">«:. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRING- Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle Bold Is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price S I .SO per bottle. Sold by druggists, oi 
■ent by express, charges paid, with full direction* 
for it* use. Send for descriptive circular*. 
■THE LAW RBNCB-WILLIAMS CO.. Cleveland O. 

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, 
PoIand=China Pigs, 

from best prize winning stock. Special 
prices for December. 

Red Polled Cattle, 
Shetland Ponies. 

A good saddle horse; fine jumper. 

Arrowhead Stock Farm, 

SAM'L B. WOODS, Prop., Charlottesville, Va. 
THOROUGH-BRED.... 

Berkshire Boars, 
Dorset Buck Lambs, 
Jersey Bull Calves. 

All stock in best of condition and 
guaranteed as represented. 
F. T. ENGLISH, GUYS, Q. A. CO., Md. 

FOR SALE.. 

Large English Berkshire Hogs, 
Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens 

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. aa a yearling at 
head of herd. tf^EGGS IN SEASON. 
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky. 

.Berkshire Pigs. 

M. B. Turkeys from prize winning 
strains. Barred and White Plymouth 
Rocks. W. F. FLANAGAN, 

Christiansburg, Va. 



A Few Boar Pigs For Sale. 

By Mason of Biltmore II, (6S54S) from 

Registered sows — nothing but Biltmore 

blojdinmy herd. ROBERT HIBBERT, 

Charlottesville, \ a. 

Poland Chinas, Chester Whites and 
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys at Far- 
mers prices 

S. M. WISECARVER, 

Rustburg, Va. 



788 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[December 



GRADE 



ANGUS CATTLE. 



Lucre of Glendale, 66166; 
Jetson 2nd of Clear Lake, 
57994 ; Imp. Brignoli of 
Ballandalloeh, will make 
herds famous. 

Also othar younsr stock 
for sale, suitable for beef 
breeding. 

JOHN T. & 0. B. MANLOVE, 

Milton, Ind. 



ANGUS BULL CALVES 

SIRED BY THE 
Champion Bull BARON IDA. 

These calves are choice individuals. 

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS. 
Sire and dam prize winners. 

WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va. 




H. F. COLEMAN & SONS, 

MULBERRY GAP. TENN., 
— BREEDERS OF — 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. 

JANNET'S KING, 48271, greatest 
ton of Valiant Knight II., 29331, first 
prize bull at all three of the Interna- 
tional shows, heads the herd. Visi- 
tors and correspondence invited. 
Young things for sale. 



FOR SALE a Farmer's Prices 

A Choice Lot of Pure-bred 

ABERDEEN - ANGUS 

male calves from 6 to 9 
mos. old, sired by a bull 
weighing over 2,000 lbs. 
If you want to breed 
good beef cattle, you 
can make no mistake in 
getting the ANGUS. 
They can beat the world 
on long or short grass. Also 2 Angora 
buck kids at $7 each crated and deliver- 
ed at my depo t. C. E. JONES, Carysbrook, Va. 

ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE 

Law Considering Quality. 




^^y?P$*K^m.i 9^. 



1 Reg. Bull, very fine, 10 mos. old. 
1 Reg. Bull, 6 mos old. 1 Reg. Bull, 4 
mos. old. Lot of 1 grades bull calves. 
1 hull calf out of a Hereford cow by 
Reg. Angus bull 5 mos. 

The above stock are as fine as can 
be found in Virginia, and will be sold 
reasonable. 

W. M. WATKINS & SONS, 
Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va. 



MAGAZINES. 

The Christmas issue of the Century 
is one of the finest ever sent out by the 
publishers. The subject matter of the 
number and the illustrations are alike 
good. The Century Magazine is an 
old favorite with those who know it 
and those who do not, do not know 
what they miss in the way of entertain- 
ing reading and high class literature in 
not taking the magazine. We can 
supply it in club with The Planter at 
a saving in the cost. See our clubbing 
list. 

Lippincott's Magazine is always a 
welcome visitor where it is taken. 
Each number contains a complete 
novel by some well-known writer or 
by some new writer whose ability has 
commanded the attention of the Editor. 

The Review of Reviews is unique as 
a magazine. It deals with the current 
events of the day all over the world 
and keeps its readers posted on all 
questions of public interest the world 
over. It also publishes what other 
magazines have to say on these sub- 
jects. 

Cosmopolitan. This is one of the 
best cheap magazines, and it is always 
finely illustrated. 

Don't forget that whatever magazine 
you may select for yourself for the 
coming year, St. Nicholas for young 
folks belongs somewhere in your fam- 
ily. No home with children is com- 
plete without it. It is the best maga- 
zine of its kind in the world. No bet- 
ter magazine can be published. Send 
to The Century Co., Union Square, New 
York, for a free specimen number and 
see if you are not convinced that it is 
a necessity in your family. $3 a year. 
Less than one cent a day. Is the right 
kind of reading for your child worth 
it? 

The Century Magazine — "The best in 
the world" — a strong statement, but a 
true one. The Century has led Amer- 
ican magazines for more than thirty 
years; it publishes articles that make 
people think, stories that entertain and 
are literature, pictures by the world's 
greatest illustrators. Its illustrations 
in color are unsurpassed. The Century 
is not cheap in any sense; it costs $4 
a year, and it is worth the price. Try 
The Century this year, if you are not 
already taking it. The Century Co., 
Union Square.. New Yor. 

The Century will publish during the 
coming year a daring and unique 
piece of historical writing — namely, 
The Youth of Washington, told in the 
form of an autobiography by Dr. S. 
Weir Mitchell, LL. D., author of "Hugh 
Wynne." Dr. Mitchell, in whose fa- 
mous "Hugh Wynne" General Wash- 
ington appeared as a character of the 
novel, with general acceptation, and 
whose address in Philadelphia on Feb- 
ruary 22, 1903, showed strong imagina- 
tive sympathy with his subject, has 
made an exhaustive study of the here- 
dity, circumstances, and events which 
fitted the son of a Virginia planter for 
one of the greatest careers in history. 
Dr. Mitchell imagines Washington sit- 



REQISTERED 



SHORTHORN CATTLE. 

Special prices on bred cows and 
cows with calf at foot and bred again. 
These calves are by and the cows bred 
to the great winning bull, Valley 
Champion. Some grand young heifers 
and bulls always on hand and for sale. 
Registered Duroc Jersey hogs. 
IDLEBROOK FARfl, 

FRANK G. HOGAN, Box D, O'Ban- 
non, Ky. 
Geo. C. Hardy, Manager. 



PURE BRED 

Short Horn Calves 

from fine Stock. Also 

Yorkshire Pigs 

of very Prolific Breed. 

JAS n. HOQE, Hamilton, Va. 



SPRINGWOOD SHORTHORNS. 

SPECIAL OFFER1NO. 

4 yearling bulls, sired by Verbena's cham- 
pion No. 129881. One two-year-old POLAND 
CHINA Boar, a fine breeder, recorded bred 1b 
Ohio, sired by Guy Wilkes. 

Good 8 weeks' old POLAND CHINA Pigs, 
$5.00 each. Pedigrees furnished with all stock 
sold. Inspection Invited. 

WM. T. THRASHER, Sprlngwood, Va. 



ELLERSLIE FARM **- 
Thoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Seuthdown Sheep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

Fo» Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 



COO KS CREEK HERD 




Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns^* 



Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 1585 48. 
Young Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres- 
pondence invited. 

HEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va. 



.. WOODLAND DORSETS .. 

Won 6 first with 8 possible at Columbus, O., 
7 out of 8 at Pontiac, Mich., and 6 out of I 
at Grand Rapids, Mich., with strong compe- 
tition at all three places. Our Pall Lamb 
crop from Imp. Flower Ram i* the finest 
quality we ever raised. 

!. WING & BROS., 



J. 



Mechanicsburg, Ohio. 



DORSEIS AND HEREFORD! 

Somt Exceptionally Rare Barjains to Quick Buyers. 
My herd bull, bull calves and Dorset 

bucks. Registered stock. 
H. ARMSTRONG, LANTZ MILLS, VA. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



789 



REGISTERED 

IMMUNE HEREFORDS. 

Sale of 60 head at AUBURN. ALABAMA, 
February 3, 1904. 

Under the management and auspices of the 
Alabama State Experiment Station. Thia 
consignment is a pick of four of the best 
herds in Kentucky. Bulls and Females of 
ages to suit all. IMMUNE to Southern fever 
by INOCULATION. 

For particulars and illustrated catalogues 
address GILTNER BROS., Eminence Ky., or 
Auburn, Ala. 

We have a choice lot of cows, bulls and 
heifers for sale at our Kentucky Farms. 
Prices are reasonable. Write us before buy- 
ing elsewhere. 



V.P.I. 

Farm Bulletin 

We are now offeriDg some choice young 
Bulls of the following breeds: 

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus. 

Write at once for pedigrees and prices. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
Blacksburg, Va. 



JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 



Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

A^^^^^^^^^^^ Has for sale a large num- 
^B Ht ber of nice young regii- 

^H VI tered A. J. 0. C. 

None better bred lm the Soutk. Cembiuing 
closely, the most noted and up-U-dat* blood 
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25; 
Heifers, same age, $38. POLAND CHINA 
PIGS, $5 each. Send chock ana get what 
>ou wait. 

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop.' Battleboro. N. C. 



ESSEX PIGS. 

Some fine ones, not 
i related, from record- 
ed stock; also30 South- 
down and Hampshire- 
down Lambs, address 
L. Q JONES, Bethania, N. C. 



.-. HAWKLEY STOCK FARM ,\ 

Offers some very fine 
BERKSHIRE PIGS", also choice young 
BOARS. Nothing but Tops sold. A few fine S. 
C. B. LEGHORN Cockerels left ; from extra fine 
layers. J. T. OLIVER, Aliens Level, Va. 





0. I. C. PIGS 



FROfl REG. STOCK. 
PRICES RIQHT. 



BBS^Pi 

EOR SALE. 
F. S. MICHIE, Charlottesville, Va. 

FOR SALE 

A. half SHROPSHIRE RAM in fine condi- 
tion, or will exchange for grade POLAND- 
CHINA Pigs. R. A. MAPP, 
Jacksondale, Va. 



ting down at Mount Vernon in his old 
age and recording, solely for his own 
eye, the story of his "youthful life and 
the influences that affected it for good 
or ill." The author has so fully enter- 
ed into the habit of mind of Washing- 
ton that it is impossible for the ordi- 
nary reader to separate in the text the 
passages taken out of his actual writ- 
ings from those which Dr. Mitfhp'l 
imagines him to write. No one can 
read this record without obtaining a 
new and vivid sense of the personality 
of Washington and of the remarkable 
experiences which made him the man 
for the hour and for all time. 

"The tinted illustrations . . . . 
testify to the steady progress of an art 
which must in the end make the maga- 
zine of more permanent and vital in- 
terest." 



'DIE INFLUENCE OF THE YOUTH'S 
COMPANION. 

The gospel of good cheer brightens 
every page of The Youth's Companion. 
Although the paper is nearly seventy- 
seven years of age. it does not look 
back on the past as a better period 
than the present. 

The Companion believes that the 
time most full of promise is the time 
we are living in, and every weekly 
issue reflects this spirit of looking for- 
ward and not back. 

To more than half a million Amer- 
ican families it carries every week its 
message of cheer. Its stories picture 
the true characteristics of the young 
men and women of America. Its arti- 
cles bring nearly three million read- 
ers in touch with the best thought of 
the most famous of living men and 
women. 

Annual Announcement Number fully 
describing the principal features of 
The Companion's new volume for 1904 
will be sent to any address free. 

The new subscriber for 1904 will re- 
ceive all the issues of The Companion 
for the remaining weeks of 1903 free 
from the time of subscription, also 
The Compaion Calendar for 1904, lith- 
ographed in twelve colors and gold. 
THE YOUTH'S COMPANION. 
144 Berkeley St. Boston, Mass. 

REPORTS. 

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. Bureau of Animal 
Industry. Nineteenth Annual Re- 
port, 1902. This is a most valua- 
ble report, and ought to be in the 
hands of every stock keeper. Ap- 
ply to your Senator or Congress- 
man for a copy. 
Farmers' Bulletin, No. 181. Pruning. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
44. The Bitter Rot of Apples. 

Arizona Experiment Station, Tuscon, 
Arizona. Bulletin 46. The Un- 
derground Waters of Arizona. 
Bee Products in Arizona. 

Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 
Topeka, aKn. Report for the 
Quarter, September 30, 1902. 
Modern Dairying. This is one of 
the most useful reports yet issued 



l».»A>A»U'.»»'.»».-!r'V.V.V.'^ 



* 
f 

>' 
>' 

( 
I 

■' 
t 
i 

( 

t 
.' 
f 
I 

i "Correspondence Solicited. 

t Inspection Invited. 

t 

i) EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield iFarms, 

''. Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. 



R ERKSHIRE S 

ANNEFIELD HERD 

Represents the 

Finest Blood Lines 

in England or America. 

Stock for sale at all times. 



;^^<f<^^CT>»» »»»»■! » » »» 



'.WWW 



sa 



ANGORA GOATS. 




A few pairs for sale — High grades, 
$15; Registered, $40 per pair. 

JEREMY IMPROVEMENT CO., 
SAKE, VA. 



150 Jacks, Jennets and Mules. 

Best assortment I ever ewned. Can 
suit you exactly. Write for descrip- 
tion and prices. Also 
w ill sell 2 Percheron 
Stallions at close fig- 
ures. 

BAKER'S JACK FARM. 
Lawrene*. Ini. 




Knight & Jetton, 

Breeders of and Dealers In 

Jacks, Jennets, Stallions. 

Durham and Hereford 

YEAKLINGS. 

Send stamp for Catalogue. 

Murfreesboro, Tenn. 




^ 



Jacks, Jennets and Stallions 

FOR SALE. Finb Jacki A 
Smcialty. Whin writing 
state exactly what yau want 
or come and s«e our stock. 

W. E. KNIGHT & CO., 
Route 5. Nashville, Tens. 



790 



T5E SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[B'ecember 



by this Board, and ought to be in 
the hands of every dairyman. Like 
every report sent out under the 
hand of Mr. Coburn, the able sec- 
retary of the Board, it is worthy 
of the highest praise. The Kansas 
Board, under the direction of Mr. 
Coburn, is one which never re- 
quires to justify its existence. Its 
works do this for it. Would that 
we could say the same of all other 
Boards. 

New Mexico Experiment Station, Me- 
silla Park, New Mex. Bulletin 47. 
Shade Trees and Other Ornamen- 
tals. 

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, 0. 
Bulletin 141. The Maintenance of 
Fertility. 

Tennessee Experiment Station, Knox- 
ville, Tenn. Bulletin, Vol. XVI., 
No. 3. Corn, Wheat and Soy Bean 
Meal for Pork Production. 
Bulletin, Vol. XVII., No.4. The In- 
fluence of Climate and Soil on the 
Composition and Milling Qualities 
of Winter Wheat. 

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, 
Va. Report for October, 1903. 

Washington State College Bulletin, 
Pulman, Wash. The Dairy Cow — 
Nature Study. 

Imperial Department of Agriculture 
for the West Indies, Barbadoes, 
W. I. Agricultural News. 



THE KING'S PLAN. 

A story is told of an attempt made 
by a Swedish missionary to obtain a 
foothold in Abyssinia. No sooner had 
he begun to preach than he was 
brought, before King Menelek, who 
asked him why he had left his home in 
Scandinavia in order to come to Abys- 
sinia. The missionary promptly re- 
plied that he had come to convert the 
Abyssinian Jews, who are regarded as 
fair game for the outside propagandist. 

"Are there no Jews in your coun- 
try?" asked Menelek. 

The missionary admitted that there 
were a few. 

"And in all the countries that you 
have passed through did you find no 
Jews or heathen?" the king continued. 

Jews and heathen, the missionary 
admitted, were plentiful. 

"Then," said Menelek, "carry this 
man beyond the frontier, and let him 
not return until he has converted all 
the Jews and heathen which lie be- 
tween his country and mine." — Argo- 
naut. 



Noah was the -first man to advertise. 
He advertised the flood and it came 
all right. The fellows who laughed at 
the advertising cot drowned and it 
served them right. Even since Noah's 
time the advertiser has been prosper- 
ing, while the other fellow is being 
swallowed up in the flood of disaster. 
—Ex. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



HOG BOOK FREE 



A copy of my book, "HOGOLOGY," revised 
and enlarged, will be sent Free to any bog 
raiser who mentions this paper when asking 
for it. A few of the many important subjects 
that are thoroughly covered in this valuable 
book are: Descriptions and illustrations of 
the leading breeds of swine; swine-record as- 
sociations; best location for hog-raising; se- 
lecting a breed; what constitutes a good hog 
for the farmer: value of a good boar; value of 
a pedigree; breeding; care of the sow: rearing 
fall pigs; fecundity of sows; practical foods; 
the runt pig; when to market; inbreeding; 
anatomy of the hog (fully illustrated); dis- 
eases and treatment, etc., etc. 




TRADE-MARK. 



I Insure Hogs and Pay for All That Die 

When my Remedy is used as a preventive. Write for plan. This Remedy is a MEDICINE 
especially for hogs, and must not be confounded with cheap "stock foods." 27 years un- 
equalled success and the biggest money maker for hog raisers known. 

PRICES:— 25-lb. can, $12.50; 12%-lb. can, $6.50, prepaid; pkgs., $2.50, $1.25 and 50c. each. 
None genuine without my signature on package or can label. 

JOS. HAAS, V. 5., Indianapolis, Ind. 



LARGS YORKSHIRE HOGS 

THE COMING BACON BREED— 
THE MOST PROLIFIC BREED— 

48 pigs from four litters, ready for December delivery — our Fall 
prices always the lowest. 

INDIAN GAMES, the fashionable table fowl.- 

WHITE LEGHORNS, the greatest layers. 

WHITE WYANDOTTES, the best all round fowl. Also 

JERSEY BULLS and HEIFERS from cows with recorded but- 
ter tests of 18 to 24 lbs. in 7 days. 

BOWMONT FARMS, Salem, Va. 



BERK5HIRES. 

I have just added to my herd, 2 new Im- 
ported and extremely fancy BOARS: 1 bred 
by J. A. Fricker, Burton Mere, Wiltshire, 
Eng , and the other from the herd of R. W . 
Hudson, Danesfield, Eng. Imported Sir 
John Bull and Uncle Sam are still in my 
herd. I made a large shipment of pigs Nov. 17th, having orders from New York to 
Mexico I rever was was as strong on boar pigs as NOW. Both pigs and price will 
suit you. Be sure to start with a new boar for Spring litters. 

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va. 

Remember me when pricing SHORTHORNS (Durhams) . I also offer 4 cars 
of bright timothy hay. 





MAJESTIC £S SHELLER. 

T! is labor-saving machine meets the imperative demands of 

■e farmers, feed stores, millsand elevator men. Itisfurnished 

either mounted or unmounted with wagon box elevator 

or double sacking elevator as illustrated. Its capacity is 

75 to 100 Bushels An Hour. 

The mounted sheller is peculiarly adapted to carrying on 
a profitable neighborhood business in custom shelling. It will not 
choke, is perfect working in sacking and feeding attachments. 
Built for long, efficient service and fully guaranteed. We make 20 
styles of shellers, both hand and power. Ask for free catalogue. 
KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO., 1664 N. Bssver St., York, Pa. 



1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 791 



.. FRUIT and POULTRY FARM .. 

OFFERS FOR A LIMITED TIME ONLY AT $1.00 EACH: 



400 Barred Plymouth Rock Cockerels and Pullets. 

100 S. C. Brown Leghorn " " " . 

50 White Leghorn Pullets. 

30 " Wyandotte Cockerels. 

30 " Plymouth Rock Cockerels. 

76 SiIver=Laced Wyandotte Cockerels and Puilets. 

10 Black Minorca Cockerels. 

This^stock'is well-bred and will give satisfaction. Also offer 25 BARRELS of WHITE FRENCH 

and JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES at $2.00. Try them now so you 

will be ready when it is time to plant. 

P. H. HEYDENREICH, Prop., .- .• .• Staunton, Va . 

BILTMORB FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. 

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, 

Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGO LD. j» * * 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show ring. 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for 
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many 
of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. 

j» j» BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. + J> 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 



apply to BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c 



s 



792 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[December 



EMILY'S CHARGE. 
A Serial Tale by Mary Washington. 

CHAPTER VI. 

About the time Walter was fifteen, 
to Emily's great relief, a way was 
opened for him to go on with the 
studies which she no longer felt com- 
petent to teach him. The clergyman 
of the parish, who was an accom- 
plished scholar, made up a class of 
boys to teach in those branches, three 
times a week. He had two little daugh- 
ters whom he was anxious to have in- 
structed in music, so Emily proposed 
an exchange of lessons, and as the 
clergyman willingly acceded to this 
arrangement, Emily had the happiness 
of securing for her brother those ad- 
vantages which she had feared would 
be out of his reach. The clergyman 
proved a kind and helpful friend in 
many ways. Amongst others, he lent 
them many valuable new books and 
periodicals, introducing them thus to 
many fine writers who had entered the 
field of letters since they had ceased 
to have means to buy new books, or 
subscribe to periodicals. As Emily 
had been almost entirely debarred 
from periodicals for several years, it 
was a great enjoyment to her to have 
access to them again. It is a kind of 
literature that cannot be supplied by 
any books, however fine, and to per- 
sons living in an isolated situation it 
is especially important, if they wish 
to remain at all in touch with the out- 
side world with its mighty onward 
rushing current of spiritual, intellec- 
tual and material activities. Walter, 
from not having had many advantages, 
learned to prize such as came within 
his reach in a way that would have 
surprised more favored boys who are 
apt to think they are conferring an ob- 
ligation on their parents or teachers 
when they deign to avail themselves 
of the educational advantages lav- 
ished on them. He was studious and 
quick, so he kept apace with the other 
boys who were preparing for college, 
though there seemed no prospect of 
his ever going there, himself. But 
his mind was so receptive of knowl- 
edge that Emily felt no uneasiness now 
about his being an ignoramus, even if 
he should never enter the doors" of a 
college. He had changed and devel- 
oped very much and very rapidly since 
they had lived at the cottage. He was 
naturally of an easy, careless, pleas- 
ure loving temperament, but the cir- 
cumstances under which he was grow- 
ing up had done much to counteract 
this natural bent and to bring out 
nobler traits. These simple and inno- 
cent modes of life, the necessity for him 
to exert and deny himself, his love for 
his sisters, and theirs for him, all 
these things had conspired to early de- 
velop the careless boy into a manly 
aDd thoughtful youth. Already he was 
beginning to assume a tone of protec- 
tive tenderness to his sisters, and Em- 
ily felt that the day was not very far 
distant when he and herself would re- 
verse positions, and she would begin 
to lean on and look up to him. 



Bargains in CATTLE. 

Having sold my farm, I offer a splendid lot of cattle at very reas- 
onable prices. I must sell them as I have no place to winter them- 

22 3-yr. old Angus Heifers, f£ pure). 

2 3-yr. old Grade Shorthorn Heifers. 

All of these heifers to have their second calves next year by a Reg. Angus Bull. 

18 calves from above Angus Heifers by a Reg. Angus Bull. 

1 half-bred yearling Angus Heifer. 

1 6 mos. old half-bred Angus Heifer calf 

1 Registered 2 yr. old Angus Bull. 

I would like you to come and see these cattle. Come to Danville, Va. and take 
the D. & W. cars to Oak Hill, Va. 

W. D. BETH ELL, Wenoda, Va. 



. ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE .. 

The best breed in the 
world for grading up 
purposes. 

Pure-bred bulls from 3 
mos. to 4 yrs. old. Prices 
$50 to $150 according to 
age and quality. 

None but good indi- 
viduals sent out. 
Call and see them, or write for what you need. 

ROSEDALE STOCK FARM, Jeffersonton, Culpeper Co., Va. 








SUNNY HOME HERD OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. 

BARON ROSEBOY 57666 by the great GAY BLACKBIRD, heads the herd. 

Our motto, "QUALITY first, last, and all the time." Our aim, to produce the 
best cattle possible. Prices as low as is consistent with first quality. Write for 
what you want to 

A. L. FRENCH, R. F. D., Byrdville, Va. 

Depot and shipping point Fitzgerald, Rockingham Co., N. C, D. & W. Railway, 
24 miles southwest of Danville, Va. 






WE OFFER 



a few well-bred registered Jersey 
Bull and heifer Calves at $30 each. 
They are four months old and from best strains of this 
breed ; also a few young Berkshire boars large enough 
for service at $15 each, and pigs ]eight weeks old at $6 
each — by pair or trio, not akin. 

M. B. ROWE & CO., - Fredericksburg, Va 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



793 



But neither "the course of true love" 
nor any thing else in this mortal life 
is destined to run smoothly, always, 
and this fact, the orphans experi- 
enced in the fourth year of their so- 
journ at the cottage. That summer 
being an unfortunate one for fruit and 
vegetables, they scarcely realized any 
"thing at all from these sources. Emily 
looked forward, however to relieving 
their little fortunes by means of her 
school, in the autumn. Judge then, 
what was her dismay when the School 
Trustees informed her (which they did 
very reluctantly) that it was against 
the regulations to locate the school at 
the same place, that year as it had al- 
ready been located in one place as long 
as it was allowable to do so consecu- 
tively. They now had to remove it to 
another locality, quite out of her 
range, so during the ensuing session, 
she had to eke out a scanty living by 
teaching a small private school. I 
may anticipate the course of my nar- 
rative, however, by saying that her 
school was given back to her next ses- 
sion to the great rejoicing of the chil- 
dren and neighbors around her. The 
neighbors had become so much at- 
tached to the orphans that during the 
term when Emily was deprived of the 
public school, they took care, in many 
kind and thoughtful ways, to do all 
they could to fill up the breach, send- 
ing them many substantial proofs of 
kindness, in the shape of suppers. Dur- 
ing this time of straitness. Emily could 
not help having at times a heart sink- 
ing fear lest after' all, their little 
household might have to disband, and 
she might have to give up the under- 
taking that was the cherished object 
of her life, but she was enabled to 
weather the storm by the kindness of 
her friends and neighbors, the pittance 
she got from her few pupils, and the 
proceeds of a silver urn and ladle she 
had kept for extremities. These were 
old fashioned pieces of -silver that were 
heirlooms in her mother's family, and 
their kind friend, the clergyman ef- 
fected the sale of them to a friend of 
his who was an enthusiast about old 
fashioned silver and articles in gen- 
eral. When she heard the history of 
the orphans, she being wealthy and 
generous, as well as kind hearted, 
added $25.00 more to the already lib- 
eral sum she had agreed to give for the 
silver so the fund from this source 
was of very great assistance in main- 
taining the orphans. They had been 
living at the cottage about Ave years 
when, one day, a visitor was announced 
whose name was dimly familiar to 
Emily as a memory of her childhood. 
It was that of a man who had former- 
ly been a friend and neighbor of the 
Henninghams. but who had gone West, 
several years before the war. 

He told her he had recently re- 
turned from the West and had just 
been to his old neighborhood where, 
said he. "I felt disposed to quote 
Moore's lines, 

"I feel like one who treads alone 
Some banquet hall deserted." 



Established 1828. 



BUIST'S 



75 Years. 






GARDEN SEEDS. 

OUR SPECIALTY is the growing of Garden Seeds from Selected Seed 
Stocks. The great importance of following this system for the production 
of Seeds to insure fine vegetables is familiar to all gardeners ; if vegetables 
from which seeds are grown are inferior or impure, so must their product be. 

IF YOU HAVE a Garden, send for Buist's Garden Guide for the 
South ; edition for 1904 now ready. 

IF YOU ARE a Marked Gardener, send for Our Wholesale Price 
List for Truckers, now ready. 

IF YOU ARE a Countrv Merchant, send for Our Wholesale Trade 
Price List, now ready. 

ROBERT BUIST COMPANY, 

SEED GROWERS, 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Reg. HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje 

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter 

fat. Stock of all ages for sale. 

Reg. BERKSHIRES From floted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord 
°* Bighclere and Sunrise. 

DORSET SHEEP= 

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, 



N. & W. and Southern R. R. 



T. O. SANDY, Burkevllle, Va. 



Hill Top Stock Farm. 

BERKSHIRE HOGS and 
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP 



= A Specialty. 1 




ITOinm - - *■ 
S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A. S. • rH)^j'^B[^^ 
Hamilton & Co. in the ownership and man- '' 

agement of this celebrated Stock Farm, with increased facilities, will make a 
specialty of breeding Berkshire Hogs and Southdown Sheep, without regard to coat, 
from the purest and most royal strains of imported blood. 

My BERKSHIRE! PIGS 

For this Fall delivery will weigh 100 pounds at 12 weeks of age, and for INDIVID- 
UAL MERIT cannot be excelled in the United States. They will make show hoge 
against any and all competitors and are being engaged every day. 

S. BROWN ALLEN, Staunton, Virginia, (Successor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co.) 




ABERDEEN ANGUS BULLS 

TOR. SALE. 
"Every Bull « Shaw Bull." 

The choicest lot of young bulls in Southwest Vir- 
ginia, all out of prize winning families at low prices. 
Do you want a bargain? If so, come and see us, or 
Address W. P. ALLEN, Prop of Olen Allen Stock 
Farm, Walnut Hill, Va. 



794 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



So changed was the dear old place. 
Not the least sad of the changes was to 
find that your father was dead, and his 
children no longer owning his old 
home. I not only wished to see him 
on account of our friendship, but I 
had some business to transact with 
him. I have sought you out as his 
representative." 

"What is the business you speak 
of?" asked Emily. 

"It involves a little history of which 
I will tell you. Many years ago I fell in- 
to such business difficulties that noth- 
ing remained but for me to wipe out 
and start fresh. I had a notion to try 
my fortunes in the West, but the jour- 
ney and contingent expenses, together 
with some little debts I had to settle 
before starting required about $1,000. 
Your father who was very prosperous 
at the time, volunteered to lend me the 
sum, and declined to take my boDd 
for it, saying, 'I know you will return 
it, if you are ever able, and if not, you 
may accept it as a gift.' I need not 
say this generous confidence bound me 
more strenuously than any legal form 
could have done to return the loan 
whenever it was in my power. I did 
not arrive at any sudden and fairylike 
prosperity in the West. Few people 
do. Then our communication with the 
East was cut off during the war, so I 
could not have returned the money 
then, even if I had had it. Since the 
war, I have had my ups and downs, 
and have only attained anything like 
reliable prosperity in the last year or 
two. But the delay seems to have been 
providential, for had I paid this score 
sooner, it might have been swallowed 
up in the general wreck of your fath- 
er's fortunes. As it is, I hope it may 
prove of some service to his children." 

With tears of emotion , Emily 
thanked her kind friend. She had 
known nothing of the transaction and 
there existed no proof of it except on 
his memeory. 

"That money was loaned me," re- 
sumed he. "long enough ago to have 
doubled itself, if I had borrowed it 
from a regular money lender. There- 
fore I consider it. only just to return 
it to you double," and so saying, he 
handed her his check for $2,000. 

Emily protested against this. The 
transaction, she reminded him, had 
been a purely friendly transaction, and 
should not be conducted as with a 
money lender. 

"The money your father lent me, 
my dear young lady, has benefitted roe 
at the time far more than many times 
the same sum would do now. It gave 
me a start, and now I am both willing 
and able to return it with interest, and 
it is only just I should do so." So 
saying, he took his leave. 

She then hastened to tell Walter and 
Alice of their good fortune. 

"What a windfall!" exclaimed Wal- 
ter, in boyish glee. 

"Nay," said Emily, reverentially 
raising her eyes towards heaven. "Not 
a windfall, but a God send." 

Our readers may imagine the state 



Black Leg Vaccine 

Pasteur Vaccine Co. sfSIKS 



ROSEMONT HEREFORDS. 

SS^SSi&b ACROBAT 68460, 

SPECIAL NOTICE ! 10 nice, well-bred heifers, safe in calf 
to Acrobat, will be sold at very reasonable figures. 

C. E. CLAPP. Berry ville, Clarke Co., Va. 




VIRGINIA HEREFORDS, 

Herd headed by the Champion 

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539. 

Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited. 

EDWARD G. BUTLER, 

Annefield Farms. BRIGGS, Clarke Co., Va. 




PRINCE RUPERT. 79,539 



a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Bacon Hall Farm. 

Hereford registered Cattle 

gp| "TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN. 

Egg MOTTO— Satisfaction^ no sale. 

E. M. QILLET & SON, = Glencoe, Haryland. 



I I I I I I M , I I I I I I 



BEG-ISTEBE 



u~.„ 



.HEREFORD CATTLE. 

Service Bulls; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083), a grand-l 
son < f the famous Grove 3d 2490, and a descendant of the ; 
world renowned Lord Wilton 4057 from the 4th generation. 

Snowball, the dam of Salisbury, is now in the herd of His 
Majesty King Edward VII. 

Lars, Jr., is by Lars of Western fame and his dam is Judy out of a Sir Richard 
2nd cow This makes a great combination of the Grove 3d, Lord Wilton, Anxiety. 
Peerless Wilton and Sir Richard 2nd strains. No better breeding in the world today, 

FOR HALE — Yearling bulls by above sires. WANTED— Reg Hereford heifers, 18 
to 24 months old, not bred; will exchange bulls for heifers of equal quality. 

Extremely low prices to close out this bunch; only a ftw left. 

Write your needs or call and make your own selection. 




MURRAY B00C0CK, Owner, Keswick, Alb. Co., Va. 



Keswick is on tbe C. & O. Ry., 
near Charlottesville, Virginia. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



795 



of pleasant excitement into which this 
treasure trove threw the orphans. 
Emily's first impulse was to give Wal- 
ter a collegiate course with the money, 
sustaining Alice and herself still by 
her school. Walter was now in his 
18th year, a tall, fine looking, manly 
youth, the joy and pride of his sister's 
heart. He had already began to judge 
and decide for himself, and some- 
times more wisely than his first im- 
pulses suggested. 

"No, sister," said he. "This cannot 
and ought not to be. It would be like 
eating up seed corn. I never mean to 
go to college, unless I can first earn 
the money myself. I will not use for 
this purpose money that ought to be so 
invested as to contribute to your and 
Alice's support." 

They called in their kind friend, the 
clergyman, for consultation, and one 
or two of the other neighbors, in whose 
judgment and good wishes, they felt 
an especial confidence. After a long 
consultation as to how the money could 
be invested so as to yield the best and 
most lasting results, the general opin- 
ion was that it would be wisest to in- 
vest it in a small grazing and fruit 
farm, reserving enough of the fund to 
get a small flock of sheep, a few head 
of stock, and enough young fruit trees 
to set out a good sized orchard. 

What gave additional weight to this 
advice was the fact that a small farm 
suitable to their purposes, was actually 
on the market, very near their present 
location. They already had the nu- 
cleus of a good orchard, and had ac- 
quired some knowledge and experience 
in the line of fruit culture, and so it 
seemed wisest for them to go on from 
this starting point, especially as this 
was a section peculiarly well adapted 
to the cultivation of orchard fruits. 
In the course of a few months, they 
carried into effect the plan proposed by 
their friends, and though I cannot 
startle my reader by any recital of how 
the sheep, cattle and fruit trees proved 
invulnerable to accident and disease, 
and marvelously remunerative, still 
under Walter's careful tendance, they 
throve very well, and year by year, in- 
creased and improved as he gained 
greater experience and skill in the 
care of them. These resources were 
sufficient to yield the orphans a com- 
fortable support, together with Emily's 
school. 

Walter, meanwhile, did not neglect 
to keep up his studies under the cler- 
gyman, and to read, as much as he had 
an opportunity to do, and owing to 
this, as well as to the refining influ- 
ence of his sisters, he escaped being 
awkward and rustic. He looked for- 
ward now to attending an Agricultural 
College near him. a session or two, as 
he had gotten things in sufficiently 
good shape to justify him in leaving 
them on Mr. Wheeler's hands during 
his absence. 

(To be Continued.) 

chapter v. 
{"Dandy little bouquets" should 
read "Dainty little bouquets.") 



Scours 
Calves. 



ARMOUR'S BLOOD MEAL c 7l 

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and since 

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used It without 

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals. 

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thumps" 

in pigs; "big bead" of foals; "rickets" of aU young animals; 

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles. 

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry. 

Write us for booklet giving valuable information about Blood Meal and our 
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases. 

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS, 

Chloago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville. 



BERKSHIRE] PIGS 



of choice breeding," and to make them more desir- 
able, they arefine^individuals, properly fed; there- 
fore they develop well. Write- 

Forest Home Farm, 



Purcellville, 



Virginia. 



X 

X 



X 
X 
X 



ClSMONT DORSETS 



CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



Prices Reasonable. 



G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va. 



... EDGEWOOD STOCtt FARM ... 



DORSET SHEEP. 



Breeding DORSETS our business for 12 years. We can now offer Dorsets of high qual- 
ity. Our ewes lamb In the fall. We have fall lambs now ready. Last season these lambs 
weighed 135 pounds in June. Allow us to insist that you buy only GOOD SHEEP when 
you buy Dorsets. Dorset sheep have a special place in Virginia. No other breed can take 
their place in the early lamb business. Write us for facts to prove this. We ship our 
sheep on approval. 

J. D. ARBUCKLE, Greenbrier County. H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, W. Va. 




Portable Saw Mills 

with Engine* and Boiler. Complete 
Made in seven sizes, friction feed, cable 
lightning gig, patent chain set works and 
improved dogs. AJAX CENTER 
CRANK ENGINES are constructed 
with especial reference to the peculiar 
work required of them. This com- 
bination of engine and mill 
makes the best sawmill 
outfit on earth. 

A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd 

York, Pa. -. 



796 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



IMPORTED BERKSHIRES AT BILT- 
MORE FARMS. 

In addition to the large and choice 
importation of brood sows which the 
Biltmore Farms selected during the 
last summer and bought out in June, 
they have just received by "S. S. Geor- 
gic" four young sows — the prize win- 
ning pen of pigs at the English Royal 
in 1903. They were bred by His Royal 
Highness, Prince Christian, and were 
bought almost as much for the blood 
lines represented through sire and dam 
as for their winning at the Royal, and 
they are certainly a good example of 
like producing like, and may safely be 
countd on to produce themselves. Be- 
ing by Handley Cross, a son of History, 
and out of Highclere Gem VI., they 
are full sisters to the first prize aged 
sow and reserved for championship at 
the Royal, and also by the same boar 
as Lord Lyon, a young boar that was 
selected by Biltmore Farms as being 
the best young boar that they could 
find in England. This last lot has 
added to the offering of imported sows 
which will be sold in February on the 
Farms, making 70 head in all. These 
sows themselves are of the very richest 
breeding and the best individualitv 
that could be found in all England. 
All are either prize winners themselves 
or are out of prize winners, and are 
being bred to the very best of boars 
after careful stuly of the blood lines, 
so as to select the best possible nicks. 
Among these boars are the following: 

No. 1. Danesfield Warrior (a son of 
that sire of many prize winners, Manor 
Favorite), champion and winner of 
first in class at the English Royal in 
1902, and many other firsts at leading 
shows, including the Royal the year 
before. 

No. 2. Lord Lyon, a son of Handy 
Man, and consequently a half brother 
to the first prize pen of sows at the 
Royal, and was described by Mr. Chap- 
man (a prominent breeder) as one of 
the best young boars that had ever left 
England. He combines style and finish 
with unusually good hams, extreme 
length and typical head to a remark- 
able degree. 

Then there are two young boars (full 
brothers), out of the great prize win- 
ning sow Danesfield Huntress, called 
Danesfield Hunter and Danesfield 
Huntsman 1st. One of them was shown 
and proved quite a winner, whilst the 
other was kept at home for service on 
the noted herd of Mr. Hudson's The 
dam has made a great name at the 
leading shows as a producer, and also 
as a producer of prize winners. In 
fact, this Huntress blood is one of the 
strongest and best strains that can be 
found in England. In addition to trie 
above, all the great boars now in Bilt- 
more herd, such as Loyal Lee II., 
champion boar of America, the Duke, 
etc., are being used, and their litters 
out of these prize wining English sows 
should make great continuations. 

The catalogue of this offering will 
be gotten out in the usual full and de- 
tailed manner of the past offerings, 




The Cyphers Guarantee 

backed by every dollar we have i n the world is made to you, personally. It says that YOU 

will hatch a larger percentage of healthy, vigorous chicks, with less oil, less 

attention, less truuble and more satisfaction, in a genuine, patented 

CYPHERS INCUBATOR 

than in any other make or you get your money back. The genuine Cyphers Is the only pat- 
ent diaphragm, non-moisture, self-ventilating, self-regulating incubator. Adopted and en- 
dorsed by 36 Government Experiment Stations and used by more leading poultrymen than 
all o-her makes combined. Catalogue free if you name this paper. Address nearest office. 
CYPHERS INCUBATOR CO. Buffalo. N.Y., Chicago, Boaton, Now York. 



THE OAKS 

Has for sale, the grand Shorthorn bull, "Rock Hill Abbotts- 
155113, a grandson of Mary Abbottsburn 7th ; also a nice 



BURN 



lot of Calves, Bulls and Heifers ; 2 Reg. Morgan Colts at a 
bargain. B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. 



.. .. REGISTERED 



POLAND-CHINA 

Pigs from 4 to 6 months old. Boars ready for service, and 
young sews with pigs. Prices Reasonable. Apply to ... . 

"J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Va. 



NOW IS THE TIME to buy HOLSTEINS from the Ury Farm Herd. 

Ury Alwina Count Paul De Kol; De Kol 2nd Butter Boy 3rd No. 2, and Lord Harford De Kol head 
our herd. You know their official backing. There is nothing better. 15 bull calves at bargain 
prices. Their dams are of the De Kol, Aaggie, Netherland, Pietertje and Glothide strains and are of 
he producing kind. The best bulls are sold young; also a few cows and heifers. Choice ENGLISH 
BERKSHIRE pigs of the best strains. Before buying, correspond with or visit 

THi'S. PASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md. 



We positively guarantee to breed 
and ship the "VERY BEoT strains of 
thoroughbred registered LARGE 
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE 

Hogs for LESS MoJS E Y than any other 
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our 
stock considered Send us your order 
and we will satisfy you both in price 
and Stock. WALTER B. FLEMING. • 

Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Farm. Warrenton. N. C. 




POLAND- 
CHINAS. 




I have a limited number of pigs by 
my fine boars Gray's Big Chief, 57077; "« AY ' a B,G CH,EF « « 7077 - 

and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously 
purchased. Young boars and sows of all ages. Send to headquarters and get the 
best from the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half 
Western prices. Address J. »• GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va. 



;»•• 



2,000,000 ELBERTA PEACH TREES 



ut 



We offer 2,000,000 Elberta June Buds, besides a large stock of Belle of Georgia, 
Mamie Ross, Carmen, Greeaiboro, etc. Big assortment of 2-year Pear and Cherry, 
and small frnit plants. Write for Catalogue. 

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Rkfebencbs: Hamilton Trust & Ravings Bank; N. Dietzen & Bro., Chattanoega; 

Dunn's Mercantile Agency; Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEKJN" PLANTER 



and breeders should write for it if only 
to get the list of the English prize 
winners. 

Any breeder who attended om iast 
sale prophesied that it would be im- 
possible to find a better lot or even as 
good again as the offering of 1902. 
which went at such a record breaking 
price, but breeders who have examined 
the present lot acknowledge that they 
are much better and decidedly more 
uniform. They ought to be, for nearly 
20 per cent, more was paid for them as . 
a whole, and a long time given for | 
searching through England, and more 
agents kept in the fields looking out 
for desirable animals. In fact, noth- 
ing was left undone, and whatever the 
results of the sale, whether the public 
buy them in at their value or secure 
them at a bargain, the Farms at 
least have distributed a lot of animals 
of tested blood lines and whose in- 
fluence is bound to be felt in the future. 



AGRICULTURE FOR BEGINNERS. I 
By C. W. Burkett. Professor of Agri- 
culture; F. L. Stevens, Professor of 
Biology; and D. H. Hill, Professor of 
English in the North Carolina College 
of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 
12mo. Cloth. 267 pages. Illustrated. 
List price, 75 cents. Ginn & Co., Pub- 
lishers, New York. 

The authors have prepared this little 
book in the belief that there is no 
line of separation between the science 
of agriculture and the practical art of 
agriculture, and that the subject is 
eminently teachable. Theory and prac- 
tice are presented at one and the same 
time, so that the pupil is taught the 
fundamental principles of farming just 
as he is taught the fundamental truths 
of arithmetic, geography, or grammar. 
The work is planned for use in gram- 
mar school classes. If thus presents 
the subject to the pupil when his apti 
tudes are the most rapidly developing 
and when he is forming life habits 
It will give to him. therefore, at the 
vital period of his life a training whirfi 
will go far toward making his life 
work profitable and delightful. T*>«' 
text is clear, interesting and teachable 
While primarily intended for class 
work in the public schools, it will no 
doubt appeal to all who desire a knowl- 
edge of the simple scientific truths 
which lie at the foundation of most | 
farm operations. 

The 218 illustrations are unusually 
excellent and are particularly effect ivo 
in illuminating the text. The book Is 
supplied throughout with practical ex- 1 
ercises. simple and interesting experi- 
ments, and helpful suggestions. The 
appendix, devoted to spraying mixtures 
and fertilizer formulas; the glossary, 
In which are explained unusual and 
technical words; and the complete in- 
dex are important. 

In mechanical execution — in the at- 
tractive and durable binding, in the 
clear, well-printed page, and in the 
illustrations — the book is easily su- 
perior to any other elementary work 
on agriculture. 



If you value comfort 
when driving use 

LEHMAN CARRIAGE 
and SLEIGH HEATERS. 



Universally recognized as the STANDARD make. Avoid 
WINTER discomforts by heating your Carriage, Wagon or Sleigh 
with one of the LEHMAN HEATERS. It burns LEHMAN coal at a 
cost of 1-4 cent per hour, or 2 cents per day, and there is no smoke, 
smell nor danger of fire from same. 

HORSEMEN everywhere use and recommend them, which in itself 
is a GUARANTEE of their usefulness, and their high standard. 

« 200,000 OF OUR HEATERS are in actual use. Have you one? 
Write for booklet and prices. Your carriage, harness or hardware 
dealer has our goods. 



LEHMAN BROS., MFRS., 

10 Bond St., New York. 



J. W. ERRINGER, Gen. W. Sales Agt., 
45 E. Congress St., Chicago, 111. 



Fortunes in Stocks 



Ml A DIVIDEND=PAYING INVESTMENT. 

k/mk LARGE PROFITS GUARANTEED. SECURITY 

^pw. -A 'Steady Income for Life 

: ^n^ -1™ REGULAR MONTHLY PAYMENTS 

JUT |p. ... LARGE OR SMALL SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED. 

jj§|[| MONEY RETURNED IF NOT SATISFIED. 

jp -1 For further information, Easy Terms, Liberal Discount, 

Novel Feature of Payment and FREE BOOKLET, add re si. 

J -THE STOCK GUARANTY & SURETY CO." 

1122 Market St., San Francisco, California. 



■ids for till Mil 

Who Wants Us 
Best. 



THE 6REAT WESTERN 

Manure Spreader 




is the only spreader ryni iQO IDDnU and 
made that has an LtlULl-Od ArllUn the 

many advantages which it possesses. It's always 

in place and ready to receive the load without 

any turning back either by hand or complicated, 

easily broken machinery. The front and rear 

axles are of same length which, with the 

Broad Tires Prevents Rutting 

of fields, meadows, etc. and makes 



LIGHT DRAFT. SPREADS ALL KINDS OF MANURE, F* dry - froze? " eht - chafly> p **< d or <* 



_, _ *,,,-,,, ^ ,,,_--. - ,-__ - — Spreads lime, plaster, wood ashes, cotton-seed and 

hu'llsietc.^CiTn be* chanced" 7n"aotiy' tm iSr^dH^A or thln'whlle the machine Im In motion— £ to SG- 

fetfkWSS.*, END GATE AND BEATER AND HOOD PROTECTOR IN USE. Sgft^S 

and sold nnOITlUt' PIIIDIIITCC astoquallty, capacity and durability. All parts breaking within one year 
under a rUdl I lit UUfiHAil I tt will be replaced without charge. Write for free Illustrated and UescrpUTe- 
Catalogue — the best and most complete spreader catalog ever published. 

SMITH MANURE SPREADER C0.16 & 18 S. CLINTON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. 



798 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[December 



DOMESTIC RECIPES. 

PUMI'KIN FIE. 

One cup (pint) stewed pumpkin, 
one-half cup sugar and sweet cream 
to make consistency of thin hatter 
Beat two eggs and sugar together and 
add to pumpkin. Season with pow- 
dered cinnamon. Line pie plate with 
flaky crust and fill with pumpkin bat 
ter and bake in a quick oven. 



ENGLISH PLUM PUDDTNO SUFFICIENT FOE 
TWELVE PEOPLE. 

Chop fine one pound beef suet, mix 
it with two pounds of sifted flour, two 
pounds of bread crumbs, a little salt 
three teaspoonful of baking powder 
two pounds stoned raisins, two pounds 
cleaned currants chopped, add spices 
(nutmeg, ground cloves, or any mixed 
spices to suit the taste) one pint bran 
dy or good wine, one dozen eggs wel' 
beaten. Mix all ingredients well. Flour 
your pudding cloth or bag, or mould 
and boil 10 hours. If served at once 
pour one-half pint brandy over and 
just as served -touch with a lighted 
taper and send to table blazing. Thi? 
will keep for months and can be re 
heated. 



GREEN TOMATO SWEET PICKLE. 

Slice green tomatoes and onions, al 
ternate layers, in a stone jar, and 
sprinkle lishtly with salt, let stand om 
night. drain off all the water next 
morning, and put one pound brown 
sugar, and one ounce of ground mixed 
spices and one quart of good vinegar 
to one gallon of the tomatoes and on 
ions and boil until onions are done 
Put in stone or glass jars and cover 
with vinegar. 



DRESSING FOR TURKEY (ROA.ST.) 

To one pint of sifted corn meal, add 
one-half pound lard and a little salt 
make into a loaf or cake, with coV 1 
water and bake done. Then break into 
fine nieces, crust and all and seasor 
with black pepper, one eeg, a pinch of 
sage, an onion chonned fine, and liquor 
in whi^h turkey has been cooked, to 
make it stick together and stuff. Sage 
may be omitted, oysters may also be 
added. 

Grape jelly is nice with fowl. 

Mrs. N. K. Guthrie. 



OLD VIRGINIA HAM. 
Select ten fresh pork hams of ten 
pounds each, rub over the flesh side of 
these a mixture composed of two 
pounds of brown susar, J pound of salt 
petre. } pound of black pepper and k 
pound of red pepper. Salt enough to 
cover the hams, about three quarts to 
the 100 pounds. Pack in a tub or box 
with the skin downward. Let them 
remain six weeks, then hang by a 
Btring and smoke with green wood, 



Something good fop 
Christmas 

During the holiday season, when good cheer everywhere prevails, there is nothing nicer 
to have in the house than a little good whiskey, and besides, your physician will tell you it is 
excellent in many cases of sickness. But you must have good whiskey, pure whiskey. You 
don't want to drink poor whiskey yourself, much less offer it to your friends, while as a 
medicine, poor whiskey, adulterated whiskey, may do you decided harm. 

HAYNER WHISKEY goes to you direct from our own distillery, with all its original 
richness and flavor, and carries a UNITED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S 
GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE. When you buy HAYNER WHISKEY you save the 
enormous profits of the dealers and have our guarantee that your money will be promptly 
refunded if you are not perfectly satisfied with the whiskey after trying it. That's t air, isn' t it? 

AYNER WHISKEY 

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE 

4 FULL $0*20 EXPRESS 
QUARTS O PREPAID 

We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD RYE for S3.20, express charges paid by us. Try it and if you don't find it all right 
and as good as you ever drank or can buy from anybody else at any price, send it back at 
our expense and the next mail will bring you your $3.20. Could any offer be 
fairer? This offer is backed by a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid 
in full, and the proud reputation of 36 years of continuous success. We have 
over a quarter of a million satisfied customers, proving conclusively that 
our whiskey is all right and that we do exactly as we say. Shipment made 
in a plain sealed case, with no marks or brands to indicate contents. 

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex., Ore., Utah, Wash, 
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for S4.CO by Express 
Prepaid or SO Quarts for $16.00 by Freight Prepaid. 

FREE With each four quart order we will send free one gold-tipped whiskey 
■ iibb g i ass an( j one corkscrew. If you wish to send an order to a friend, as 
a Christmas present, we will enclose with the shipment an elegant souvenir 
card, with both your rames neatly printed thereon. 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER D1STILUNG COMPANY 

ATLANTA, GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO, ST. PAUL, MINN. 

155 Distillery, Thot, O. Established 1866. 



1 




merchants" "national bane 

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 
Capital Stock, - $200,000.00 

Surplus and Profits, - - $672,445 75 

Designated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth 

of Virginia. 
Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this 

Bank oilers superior facilities for direct and quick collections. 
JNO. P.BRANCH, JNO. K. BRANCH, JOHN F. GLE^N, 



President. 



Vice-President. 



Cashier. 



DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES 



UNTIL YOU HAVE INVESTIGATED 

♦the: master workman* 



A two-cylinder gasoline engine: superior to all one-cylinder engines. Costs less to buy ami h ss to run. Quicker and easier started Has h wider 
sphere <if usefulness. Hns no vibration; can be mounted on any light wagon a c a portable. w e'ghs les» than ball' of one-cylinder engines. Give slzt 
»f engine required Hzes 1J4, 2, 2%, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15 horse power Mention this paper. Send for catalogue. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO., Meaghe 
and 15th Sts.. CHICAGO. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



799 



hickory is preferable, a few hours each 
day, for a period of ten days. Rub 
over with hickory ashes and leave 
them hanging for three weeks, after 
which wrap in paper and put in bags. 
They are best from one to two years 
old. 

Hams cured as above, being unsur- 
passed in quality and flavor, need to be 
boiled in water only. To cook the 
ham, soak in cold water six or eight 
hours; washing and scrape thoroughly, 
put in a closed boiler nearly full of 
cold water, boil slowly allowing twenty 
minutes to the pound. When done let 
the ham remain in the liquor till cool; 
then remove the skin, spread over with 
brown sugar moistened with sherry 
wine, cover with cracker dust, put in 
a hot oven a few minutes till a nut 
brown. Serve on platter garnished 
with parsley. 

Mrs. B. B. Httx. 
No. 3 Victoria Flat, Washington, D. C. 



CATALOGUE. 
DeLoach patent saw mills and high 
grade mill machinery, Atlanta, Ga. 
This is a fine and complete catalogue 
of the products of one of the most re- 
liable and largest makers of saw mill 
machinery. 



EBEN HOLDEN REDIVIVUS AND A 
PIE. 

"1 remember once," said Uncle Eb, 
"I praised a woman's pie. We were 
over in Canada buyin' cattle. The 
woman she asked me if there. was any- 
thing I'd like to hev fer my dinner. I 
told her that I was very fond o' berry 
pie. so she made one. It came on the 
table in a pan. I didn't know what 
'twas, er mebbe I could hev made an 
excuse an' got away. Suddenly the 
woman began to cut it. 

" 'I've made thet pie you asked fer,' 
she said. 'It took me a long time, but 
here 'tis, an' I hope you'll like it.' 

"The pie was about three inches 
thick, an' there was only jest a leetle 
streak o' red stain through the mid- 
dle o' it where the berries oughter be." 

The old man paused a moment. 

"Wall." he continued, with a sigh. 
"o' course I hed to eat thet pie. It was 
the greatest obstacle I ever encoun- 
tered. Fer a minnit I felt as if I was 
ketched in a bear-trap. But I looked 
as pleasant as possible, an' went to 
work on thet piece o' pie. I no sooner 
got through than it went to work on 
me. There wa'n't much left o* me next 
day. I lay there sick abed, an' the 
good woman she brought up another 
pie. She wanted to please me. an' I 
hedn't the heart to tell her what I 
thought o' her bakin', but she pressed 
it on me." 

" 'No more, thank you,' says I. 

" 'I thought you said it was good,' 
says she, with a look o' disappoint- 
ment. 

" 'Madam,' says I, 'the pie is good, 
but I ain't good enough to eat it. I 
ain't even joined the church yit. Give 
me a leetle more time fer preparation." 
— Irving Bacheller. in Leslie's Monthly. 



€ *********** t3r3r3r*J3t3t3t3t3l3e3<9l3t3e3t3r<3r»r3ri^ **3t************* 

8 Cn»,r /\/i;i1^r For The Whole World! 
JiJClW iVllllS Big Ones and Little Ones! 

All sizes from 4 II. P. Farmers' Mill that cuts 3,000 feet a day, up to the biggest that's made. 
OVER 10.000 DELOACH PATENT SAW MILLS IN USE. 

Our Large Catalog 
No. 66 

will interest you. It illus- 
trates and tells all about the 
famous DeLoach Patent Va- 
riable Friction Feed Saw 
fiills, Shingle Mills, Hauers, 
Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and 
Lath Mills, Bolters, Cord 
Wood and Drag Saws, Corn 
and Buhr Mills, Water Wheels, 
Mill Gearing, Pulleys, Shaft- 
ing, Etc. 

Please mention the Southern 
Planter when writing us. 
We will appreciate it. 

DelOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO , BOX 666 JIIIOIIIO, GO Ni IN YOIk Blflrffll, 1 14 LIWSI. 

2 The Largest Saw Mill Manufacturing Plant in the World. 




* THE J 



SEABOARD 

AIR LINE RAILWAY 



OFFERS 
PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENTS 
TO. 



THE MANUFACTURER, 
THE STOCK RAISER, 
THE DAIRYMAN, 
THE FRUIT GROWER, 
THE TRUCKER. 



WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN. 

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where 
large profits can be realized interest you? 

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a 
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated 
literature descriptive of the section. 

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN, 

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Vi 



VIRGINIA DIVISION. 

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association 

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for 
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan. 

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire 
and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holden 
amply secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other 
plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured. $330,000, 
and increasing yearly. Estimated securiey in real and other estate, $750,000. 

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent, 

mextton this .toukxal. CHESTER. VIRGINIA. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern rianter. 



800 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



GUSTAVUS F. SWIFT'S MOTTOES. 
Gustavus F. Swift, the late head of 
the great packing house of Swift and 
Company, Chicago, left an estate worth 
over seven million dollars. Perhaps 
Mr. Swift did not enjoy all the pleas- 
ures of life; in fact, he was known to 
have missed many that even money 
can not buy, and, perhaps, there are 
people who believe that his mode of 
life was not ideal, but he left to the 
young men of the country — and some 
old ones as well — a greater legacy than 
can be measured by wealth. He left 
the example of his life and the origi 
nal maxims which were his guide in 
building a great business. All of 
these maxims have been collected, and 
are presented herewith, complete, for 
the first time: — 

No man, however rich, has enough 
money to waste in putting on style. 

The richer a man gets the more 
careful he should be to keep his head 
level. 

Business, religion and pleasure of 
the right kind should be the only 
things in life for any man. 

A big head and a big bank account 
were never found together to the credit 
of any one, and never will be. 

No young man is rich enough to 
smoke twenty-five-cent cigars. 

Every time a man loses his temper 
he loses his head, and when he loses 
his head he loses several chances. 

Next to knowing your own business, 
it's a mighty good thing to know as 
much about your neighbor's as possi- 
ble, especially if he's in the same line. 
The best a man ever did shouldn't 
be his standard for the rest of his life. 
The successful men of to-day worked 
mighty hard for what they've got. The 
men of to-morrow will have to work 
harder to get it away. 

If the concentration of a lifetime is 
found in one can of goods, then that 
life has not been wasted. 

No man's success was ever marked 
by the currency that he pasted up on 
billboards. 

When a clerk tells you that he must 
leave the office because it is 5:30 P. M., 
rest assured that you will never see his 
name over a front door. 

The secret of all great undertakings 
is hard work and self-reliance. Given 
these two qualities and a residence in 
the United States of America, a young 
man has nothing else to ask for. 



AGE BEFORE BEAUTY. 

"Yes," said the old man, addressing 
his young visitor, "I am proud of my 
girls, and would like to see them com- 
fortably married; and as I have a little 
money, they will not go to their bus- 
bands penniless. There's Mary, 
twenty-five years old, and a real good 
girl. I shall give her five thousand 
dollars when she marries. Then comes 
Bet, who won't see thirty-five again, 
and I shall give her ten thousand dol- 
lars, and the man who takes Eliza, 
who is forty, will have fifteen thousand 
dollars with her." 

The young man reflected a moment 
or so, and then inquired, "You haven't 
one about fifty, have you?" 



Uncle Sam, in the person of 10 of his 
government officials, has charge of 
every department of the Hayner Dis- 
tillery. During the entire process of 
distillation, after the whiskey is stored 
in their warehouses, during the seven 
years it remains there, from the very 
grain they buy to the whiskey they get, 
Uncle Sam is constantly on the watch 
to see that every thing is all right. 
They dare not take a gallon of their 
own whiskey from their own ware- 
house unless he says its all right. And 
when he does say so, that whiskey goes 
direct to you, with all its original rich- 
ness and flavor, carrying a United 
States registered distiller's guarantee 



of purity and age, and saving you the 
dealer's big profits. If you use whiskey, 
either medicinally or otherwise, 
should read the offer of The Hayner 
Distilling Company elsewhere in this 
paper. 



ne "Weber Junior" 
Pumper* 




»n blso 
• used 
*or other 
j©wei 
rarpot. 



Is att complete, toady to a* 

tach to pump. Equals 80 men 
pump log water. 
Uses but little gas- 
oline. Is shipped 
crated completely 
_ erected, all connec- 
tions made. Easy to start, any 
one can operate It. Every 
one guaranteed. Other sizes 
up to 50 H. P. Send for cat- 
alog. Weber Gas & Oasol'nn 
Engine Co., Box Wo 
Kansas City- Mo. 



GASOLINE ENGINES 




• — "§r 



That do reliable work are 
our specialty. Many manu- 
facturers claim many things, 
some that are not well found- 
ed. We guarantee our en- 
gines to do what we claim 
for them. 



Wind = Mills, 
Tanks, Rams, 
Iron and Wire 
Fences, Pumps. 



SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc. 

Box 949. RICHMOND, VA. 



The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and 
THR0UQ1 ITS CONNECTIONS.... 

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis, 

Sandusky and Cleveland ; 
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus; 
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima 
and Dayton — 

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT ****£££?&&$" ROUTE. 

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, NORFOLK, 
And Principal Virginia Point*. 

H. W. FULLER, Qen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



801 



CHRISTMAS CHEER 

In the Greatest Abundance at 

MOORE'S 

Remember, we are headquarters for Christmas Supplies; come to 
town and do your Holiday Shopping with us. You will save the 
cost of your trip. A few articles quoted below will convince you 
how low our retail prices are. Write for wholesale prices. 
Remember we are wholesale as well as retail grocers, Special prices 
o merchants, Write us for prices on any articles not mentioned, 
Our retail prices are : 



Granulated Sugar 4|c 

Best Irish Potatoes, bushel 75c 

Best Meal, bushel 70c 

3-pound Crocks Preserves 18c 

Pride of Richmond Flour, barrel $4.75 

Or, per sack 30c 

Try-aBita, 10c package, or 3 for 25c 

3-pound Pails Apple Butter 18c 

Mother Oats, package 9c 

Quaker Oats, package 10c 

Silver Leaf Lard, pound 10c 

Butcher's Lard, pound 10c 

Good Lard, 3 pounds for 25c 

California Hams, pound 9c 

Regular Hams, pound 16c 

Best Salt Pork, pound 10c 

Good Salt Pork, pound 8c I 



New Layer Raisins, 2 pounds for 25c 

New Loose Raisins, pound 10c 

New Sultana Raisins, pound 12£c 

New Seeded Raisins, pound 10c 

New Citron, pound 15c 

New Mixed Nuts, pound 12-£c 

Almonds, pound 15c 

Filberts, pound 12c 

Brazil Nuts, pound 10c 

English Nuts, pound 15c 

Pecans, pound 12-|c 

Cocoanuts, each 4c 

Old Crow Rye, per gallon $3.00 

Old Keystone Rye, per gallon $2.50 

Old Excelsior Rye, per gallon 2.00 

Old Capitol Rye, per gallon 1.50 

North Carolina Corn, per gallon 2.00 



Jugs 10c. per gallon extra. All kinds and grades of Wines and Liquors at lowest prices. 
Special attention to out-of-town orders for jug and bottle trade. Consignments of country produce so- 
licited and taken in exchange. 

J. S. MOORE'S SONS, Wholesale and Retail Grocers, 

1724 East Main Street, (Cor. 18th.) Long Distance Phone. RICHMOND, VA. 

These are cash prices, subject to market fluctuations. 



. .. - j 



802 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



HIS BESETTING SIN. 

Ephraim was a man of importance, 
being an elder in the Baptist Church 
and much given to exhortation, prayer, 
and song. His cabin was the scene of 
many a "revival," and the powerful 
prayers offered by Ephraim on these 
occasions were the wonder and admira- 
tion of the colored population. 

With all his religious ardor, how- 
ever, there were times when the pleas- 
ures of the world appealed strongly to 
him. Seeing him approach one morn- 
ing with downcast eyes and an air of 
general dejection, Colonel Snead ac- 
costed him thus: 

"Hello, Eph.! you look as if you 
were going to your own funeral. 
What's the matter?" 

"Well, Kunnel, I feels bad, suh," re- 
plied Eph.; "de 'casion am a ser'ous 
one, suh. You know de young folks 
done hab a party at Nick Finney's de 
udder night, an' as I's been a- wrast- 
lin' in pray'r fer de salvation ob Nick's 
soul for a pow'ful long time, I done 
thought I'd 'cept de invertation an' go, 
an' maybe I mout drap a word or two 
dat would tech his heart. But dey was 
mighty leetle chance ter talk ter Nick 
"bout 'ligion, fer dat nigger will dance 
wheneber he heah a fiddle. Well, suh, 
I went, an' now dey claims as how I 
was a-dancin', an' I's ter be tried ter- 
day an' put outen de chu'ch." 

"Well, Eph., that's pretty hard luck, 
but they ought to know that an elder 



of your standing would not indulge in 
anything so worldly as dancing," re- 
plied the Colonel with a twinkle in his 
eye, well knowing that Eph.'s besetting 
sin was not tripping the light fan- 
tastic. 

"I hopes so, Kunnel, I hopes so," re- 
joined Eph. in a tone of utter despair 
as he trudged on towards the town. 

Late the same afternoon Colonel 
Snead heard a voice singing lustily 
"I's gwine ter jine de band," and rec- 
ognizing Eph., he asked, — 

"How did the trial go, Eph.?" 

"Dey cl'ar'd me, Kunnel, bress de 
Lawd! dey cl'ar'd me." 

"Cleared you, did they? that's good. 
Then you proved you'd not been danc- 
ing?" said the Colonel. 

"No, suh, Kunnel, dey proved it on 
me all right, but dey 'lowed I was 
drunk an' didn' know what I was 
doin', so dey cl'ar'd me, Kunnel — bress 
de Lawd!" — Prudence Baxter, in No- 
vember Lippincott's. 



COLLIE PUPS 



MONTtBELLO HERD 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE 

FOR SALE— 2 Registered Bulls, calved 
Dec. 17th, 1902, and Aug. 28th, 1903 

BerKsKire Pigs, 

(Biltmore Strain.) 
farrowed May 1903. For terms, apply to 

L. H. GRAY, Orange, Va. 




By Imported Sires sable and white and tri- 
colors. Prices. $8 to $15. Older ones correspond- 
ingly low- Book on Training. 5o cents : Free if 
you buy a Collie. MAPLEMONT STOi K FARM, 
Albany, Vermont. 

Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire 
Pigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for 
sale. MELROSE CASTLE FARM, 

Enos H. Hess, Manager, Casanova, Va. 



Registered p Ber g&t 

C. Whites. Fine large 

strains. All ages, mated 

not a in, 8 week, pigs. 

Bred sows. Service boars 

and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular. 

P. F. HAMILTON. Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 



FOR SALE,-My Trotting-bred Stallion 

GEORGE BURNS, foaled May 14, 1900. Ma- 
hogany bay, star In face, left hind foot white, 
of good style, easy to handle; will make good 
breeder. Write for his breeding. 
J. TABB JANNEY, Van Clevesville, W. Va. 

JERSEY BULL. 

"Harry's Jersey King" 45706, FOR 
SALE. He is beautiful, well developed, 
weighs about 1,500 lbs., perfectly gentle 
and fawn color 1 bought him from Bilt- 
more Farms, but can use him no longer. 
Address P. H. HANES, Winston-Salem, 
N. C. 



Pedigrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and ' 
circulars prepared. Special attention given registration 
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses. 
. . . bt . . . 

w. j. carter (Broad Rock), 

P.O. Box 929 RICHMOND, VA. 

Representing the .... 

The Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va. 
Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. 
Sports of the Times, New York. 
Kentucky Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky. 
Breeder and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal. 

REFERENCES:— Mr. A. B. Gwathmey, Cotton Exchange, 
New York; Mr. W. N. Wilmer, of Wilmer & Canfield, Law- 
yers, 49 Wall St., New York; Col. K. M. Murchison, Banker, 
Wilmington, N. C; Mr. L. Banks Holt, Proprietor Oneida 
Cotton Mills and Alamance Farm, Graham, N. C; Maj. P. P. 
Johnson, President National Trotting Association, Lexing- 
ton, Ky.; Capt. R. J. Hancock, Ellerslie Stud Farm, Char- 
lottesville, Va.; Sam'l Walton, Walton Farm, Falls Mills, 
Va.; R. J. Reynolds, President R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 
Winston, N. C; Hon. Henry Fairfax, Aldie, Va.; Jas. Cox, 
Belgravia Farm, Mt. Jackson, Va. 



AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO., 

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RICHMOND, VA. 



Building Carriages to order is our special business. Re- 
pairing and Repainting done, and best material used. A 
'ill line of all the latest styles. Orders for all classes of 

hides solicited. Write for prices. 



AGNEL, 38033. 

Bay stallion, foaled 1900; sired by Guardsman 19355, re- 
cord 2:23J; dam the great brood mare Zeta, dam of Miss 
Duke, 2:13, etc., by Red Wilkes. 

AGNEL has fine size and is a grand looking young horse, 
he is richly bred and has the action of a trotter. 

Fee $15.00 the season. 

BEN. W. SOUTHERLAND, Mt. Olive, N. C. 
WHALEBONE, 7872. 

Sired by Abdallah Wilkes, son of George Wilkes, 2:22, 
dam Maggie O., by Abdallah, 15, sire of Goldsmith Maid, 
2:14; second dam Viley Filly, by Pilot, Jr., sire of dam of 
Maud S. 2:081. 

Note. — Whalebone is a richly colored bay horse of fine 
size, handsome and well formed. His disposition is perfect. 
He has sired Visitor, 2: 26 J, and other winners. 

FEE, $15, with usual return privilege. 

W. C. McMACKIN, Raleigh, N. C. 



RED LEO, 28028. Record, 2:26*. 

(See American Trotting Register, Vol. XIV. ) 

Sired by Red Wilkes, 1749, the greatest living sire; dam Dic- 
tator Girl, by Dictator 

NOTE — Red Leo is a richly-colored bay horse of fine size 
nnd substance. He comes from a great line of performers and 
producers. Maizie Z., 2:19£; Ella Leo, 2.-20J; Cassie Leo, 2:23}, 
and other winners are by him. 

FEE, $25 the season, with usual return privilege Address 

WALTON FARM, Falls Mills, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



803 



I Pi 



The following list of papers and periodicals 
are the most popular ones In this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONET on whatever 
Journal you wish. 



DAILIES. 

Price. With 
Alone. Planter. 

Times- Dispatch, Richmond, Va }5 oo js oo 

The Poot, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00 

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 3 00 340 

News-Leader, Richmond, Va. S 00 S 00 

TRI-WEEKLT. 
The World (thrlce-a-week), N. T 1 00 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 M 4 M 

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40 

Montgomery Advertiser ".." 1 00 1 00 

Nashville American mm M 7E 

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 1 S5 

Breeder's Gazette ",[[ 2 00 1 7B 

Hoard s Dairyman 1 00 1 36 

Country Gentleman \\\[] 1 $0 1 75 

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va.!!!! 2 00 2 26 

Times- Dispatch, Richmond, Va....!. 1 00 1 25 

Christian Advocate, " •< ... 1 60 175 

Central Presbyterian, " " 2 00 2 25 

Hor,eman !!!S00 3 00 

MONTHLIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 60 75 

Dairy and Creamery '"] 60 ?5 

Commercial Poultry 50 75 

£ ltb h ree !!!!!!!! 150 n 5 

North American Review 6 00 6 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 26 

Llpplncctt's Magazine „\ 2 60 2 50 

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 ^ 

Forum Magazine ! 3 00 3 25 

Scrlbner's Magazine .,.., 3 00 8 26 

Frank Leslies Magazine !!!! 1 00 1 35 

Cosmopolitan Magazine .".100 135 

Everybody's Magazine 1 00 1 35 

Munsey Magazine !!!!! 1 00 135 

Strand Magazine Ij6 165 

McClure's Magazine ! 1 00 1 35 

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews .....2 50 2 75 

Blooded Stock "*"_ 50 60 

Successful Farming 1 00 75 

Southern Fruit Grower ;.. 50 85 

Where you desire to subscribe to two or 
more of the publications named, you can ar- 
rive at the net subscription price by deduct- 
ing 50 cents from "our price with the 
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to 
any other publications not listed here, write 
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or 
■et subscription rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
ttntll later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the PLANTER or any 
of the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa- 
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other 
Periodicals. 



Seed House of tbe South. 



RED 

CLOVER, 

riAMIHOTH 

CLOVER, 

CRiriSON 

CLOVER, 

WHITE 

CLOVER, 

LUCERNE 

CLOVER, 

ALSYKE 

CLOVER, 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER, 

JAPAN 



BUR 



CLOVER, 



CLOVER, 




TinOTHY, 

ORCHARD 

GRASS, 

RED TOP or 

HERDS GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUB GRASS, 

RANDALL 

GRASS, 

TALL MEADOW 

OAT GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS, 

GERHAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap/' 

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every 
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are 

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS. 

+■ & & WE ALSO SELL 

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c. 

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 
Fertilizing Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, •* 



1016 Main Street, 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 



Nursery Stock. 



WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 



1 Headquarters for 

f 
* 

4* 
f 
f 

f 
f 
f 
f 

f 
f 



We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 
ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. 



Pecans, 
Chestnuts, 
Walnuts, 
Small Fruits, 



Apples, Netarines, 

Pears, Cherry, 

Peach, Quinces, 

Plum, Almonds, 

Apricots, 

CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging 

IB = . .r AGENTS WANTED. 

FRANKLIN" DAVIS NURSERY CO., 



Ornamental and 
Shade Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses, Etc. 



2 q: write for catalogue. 



Baltimore, 



Md <Jb 



804 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[December 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S PRESCRIP- 
TION. 

There is a story, still current in Illi- 
nois, which says that an old farmer 
friend of President Lincoln's, who 
used to correspond with him, com- 
plained on one occasion of his poor 
health. He received the following re- 
ply, which is quoted in Illinois as 
"Lincoln's" prescription:" "Do not 
worry. Eat three square meals a day. 
Say your prayers. Think of your wife. 
Be courteous to your creditors. Keep 
your digestion good. Steer clear of 
biliousness. Exercise. Go slow and 
go easy. Maybe there are other things 
that your especial case requires to 
make you happy; but, my dear friend, 
these, I reckon, will give you a good 
lift." 

This advice is doubtless applicable 
in its entirety to many Americans in 
every state of the Union to-day. There 
are parts of it which apply to us gen- 
erally — as a nation. "Do not worry. 
Keep your digestion good. Go slow 
and go easy." It would be difficult to 
find an American who has not some- 



thing to amend on these points. Worry 
and dyspepsia have assumed the pro- 
portions of national evils, and they 
are both more or less the results of un- 
due haste. There is np surer way to 
promote dyspepsia than to be in a con- 
stant state of hurry, and nothing will 
so surely give one the "blues" or in- 
cline one to worrying and fretting 
than dyspepsia. Our native institution 
— the "quick lunch" restaurant, — is re- 
sponsible for a large proportion of the 
physical ills of business people in large 
cities. Eating hastily — "bolting" one's 
food, as it is popularly expressed, — is 
enough to ruin the digestive organs of 
an ostrich. A man would better eat 
half as much as usual at the midday 
meal, — which is usually the most hur- 
ried, — and take time to masticate 
properly what he does put into his 
stomach. Better still would it be if 
he would give himself ample time to 
relax and eat a light lunch without 
allowing any thought of business to 
intrude on this necessary period of re- 
laxation. — Success. 



Soak your new toothbrush in water 
over night to insure longer wear. 

To remove mildew, use lemon juice 
and sunshine; or, if deep-seated, soak 
in a solution of one tablespoonful of 
chloride of lime in four quarts of cold 
water, until the mildew has disappear- 
ed. Rinse several times in clear wa- 
ter. 

Soap improves with keeping, so it 
should be bought in large quantities. 
Before storing it, however, it is well 
to cut the bars into convenient pieces, 
for this most easily done when it is 
soft. The cutting may be done with 
a piece of string or wire more easily 
than with a knife. 

Keep a flour barrel elevated at least 
two inches from the floor on a rack, to 
allow a current of fresh air to pass 
under it and prevent dampness collect- 
ing at the bottom. Do not allow any 
groceries or provisions with a strong 
odor near the flour barrel. Nothing 
absorbs odors more certainly than 
flour. 



Established by 
GEO. WATT, 1840. 



IMPLEMENTS & MACHINERY ... 



MANFRED CALL, 
Gen'l Manager. 




DISC DRILLS. (ALL SIZES.) THE NEW MOLINE. WOOD AND STEEL ROLLERS. 

PLOWS AND PLOW REPAIRS of all kinds. We make plows for all purposes and sell them on their merits. . 

FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS, CORN SHELLERS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN AND COB MILLS, 
ETC., ETC. 
We solicit inquires for anything desired. Write for circulars. 

13 So. Fifteenth Street, 
Between Main and Carv, 



RICHMOND, VA. THE CALL-WATT CO. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



805 



WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE 



WHEN AN 

ATTRACTIVE WOVEN 
IWIRE FENCE 

CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN 



LESS COST? 



























55 INCH. *. 




























Ai 


IN. 


• 




■i l 
























. ** 


."*• . 






1 l 
























32 


IN. 


» 




j 
























.& 


IN. 


• 


_, 


1 
























20 


jn. ft 'i* 


_> 


j 




























* 
































.33'' 




„ 


























.. . 


































"jTVt 








^,^^-J 

















THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING Is made in many heights and styles for 
turning the smallest to the largest animal. Write for special catalogue and prices. 



The Ohio Feed and E nsil- 
aqe ?C utters. C Built for Strength and 

Rapid Cutting. Furnished with Jeither cutter 
or shredder head, or both, and with blower 
or elevator when desired. Special catalogue 
mailed free. 





IDEAL FEED MILLS AND POWER combined grinds all kinds of shell 
grain as well as corn and cob. THE POWER attachment is very valuable for 
RUNNING WOOD SAWS AND OTHER MACHINERY. 

IDEAL DUPLEX FEED MILLS for steam power are very strong and 
grind rapidly. 




Triple Geared Feed Mill and Power Combined. 




a jwv.ffnoo. ungim 



No. 19. 1-horse ungeared feed mill, grinds corn 
and cob and shell grain. Price, $16.00. 

No. 20. 2-horse ungeared feed mill, grinds corn 
and cob and shell grain. Price, $19.00. 

Special catalogues on application. 



THE FOWLER DISC PLOW will not choke in thick, rank 
weeds or briars. Cuts a furrow 12 inches deep and 14 inches 
wide with much less draft than any other plow. Only re- 
quires two ordinary horses. 

BUGGIES. CARRIAGES, HARNESS. ROBES. WAGONS. CORN SHELLERS, WOOD SAWS, THE FULLBBT 

STOCK OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



806 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[December 



WHY HE WAS NOT PROMOTED. 

He watched the clock. 

He was always grumbling. 

He was always behindhand. 

He had no iron in his blood. 

He was willing, but unfitted. 

He didn't believe in himself. 

He asked too many questions. 

He was stung by a bad book. 

His stock excuse was "I forgot." 

He wasn't ready for the next step. 

He did not put his heart in his work. 

He learned nothing from his blun- 1 
ders. 

He felt that he was above his posi- 
tion. 

He chose his friends among his in- 
feriors. 

He was content to be a second-rate 
man. 

He ruined his ability by halfdoing 
things. 

He never dared to act on his own 
judgment. 

He did not think it worth while to 
learn how. 

He tried to make "bluff" take the 
place of ability. 

He thought he must take amuse- 
ment every evening. 

Familiarity with slipshod methods 
paralized his ideal. 

He thought it was clever to use 
coarse and profane language. 

He was ashamed of his parents be- 
cause they were old-fashioned. 



He imitated the habits of men who 
could stand more than he could. 

He did not learn that the best part 
of his salary was not in his pay-en- 
velope. — Orison Swett Marden, in Suc- 
cess. 

ANECDOTES. 

A Southern gentleman in ante-bel- 
lum days had a visit from a very pom- 
pous and painfully aristocratic friend. 
After the visit was over the host asked 
an old negro who was a favorite and 
privileged servant, what he thought 
of Judge B — . "Wall, Master," Sam re- 
plied, "he'll do pretty well, but mity 
pomperious an' usurpious." 

A young gentleman who had just 
started out as a public school teacher, 
and wished to impress his pupils with 
his superior knowledge and dignity, 
called up the scholars on the first 
morning, to ascertain their names, 
etc. The first gave his name as 
"Claude." "No," said the teacher, 
"your proper name is Claudius." The 
next said his name was "Jule." "No," 
said the teacher again, "your name is 
Julius." The third was a spry little 
fellow of seven or eight, and when the 
master said, "Well, my little man, can 
you tell me your name?" he answered 
with alacrity, "Yes, sir, my name is 
Billius!" 

This really occurred this fall in Pitt- 
sylvania county. Va. 



WHY THE LORD MADE SO MANY. 

On Lincoln's lips, the words that 
often came were these. — "The common 
people." To those who lived with him 
and talked with him, especially during 
the Civil War, it seemed as if he could 
never cease thinking of those who 
were just human beings, unlettered, 
unknown, inglorious. A congressman 
from a western district approached 
him during his term as President, and 
apologized for presenting a petition 
from his constituents, because they 
were common people. 

"Well," said Lincoln, pleasantly, 
"God must love the common people, 
He's made so many of 'em." — Success. 



HARD ON MR. PHILLIPS. 
Wendell Phillips was in a hotel at 
Charleston, had breakfast in his room, 
and was served by a slave. Mr. Phil- 
lips spoke to him as an abolitionist, 
but the other seemed to be more con- 
cerned about the breakfast than about 
himself. Finally Mr. Phillips told him 
to go away, saying he could not bear 
to be waited upon by a slave. The 
other remonstrated, "Scuse me, massa, 
but Ise 'bliged to stay yere, 'cause Ise 
'sponsible fo' de silverware." — Western 
Christian Advocate. 



Mention the Southern Planter In 
writing. 




WAGONS and BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT HERE 

AT HOME 

BY 

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 
The HUGHES BUGGY CO., 
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. 

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and 
workmanship unsurpassed; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, 
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. 
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered. 

AGENTS FOR PEERING MACHINES. 

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 

J. T- DUNN, Manager. 




Ah of Virginia. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



80 



A. C. SINTON. President, 



R. R. GWATHMEY. Vice-President. 

Ji J* * JL Ji 



J. J. SUTTON. Secretary, 



ESTABLISHED 1840. 




The WATT PLOW CO., 

15th & Franklin and 14th & Main Sts., Richmond, Va. 

Agricultural Implements, 
Machinery, Vehicles and 
Harness. ^ ** %* •* 



INCORPORATED 1893. 



PEERLESS ENGINE. 




HOCKING VALLEY FEED CUTTER. 



DAIN CORN CUTTER. 




STAR SWEEP MILL. 






SECT10N8 OF WIRE FENCE. 






A full stock always on hand, and 
prompt shipments guaranteed. South 
Bend, Dixie and Farmer's Friend 
Plows and repairs. The Hancock Ro- 
tary Disc Plow, warranted to go In 
the ground where all others fail. 

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cy- 
clone Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters, 
Dain Corn Cutters. Equal to any made. 
Staver Buckeye Feed Mill and Horse 
Power Comhined. Star Sweep Mill. 
Either grinds corn on cob or shelled. 

Whitman All-Steel, full circle Hay 
Presses. George Ertel Company's full 
circle Hay Presses. Rapid Fire Horse 
Power Hay Press, for one horse, a good, 
cheap press. Will put up from 150 to 
200 bales a day. The well known Min- 
nich Brand Baling Presses. 

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider 
Mills. Hard wood rollers. The best 
mill made. 

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, for 
hand or power. Smalley Electric Pole 
and Wood Saws, for steam or horse 
power. Peerless Engines and Saw 
Mills always in stock. Several good 
second-hand Engines and other second- 
hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh 
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded. 
See cuts showing weld. Barb Wire, 
Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire 
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Har- 
rows. Buffalo and Lean Spike Harrows. 

The celebrated Columbus, Ohio, Bug- 
gies,. Carriages, Runabouts, and Traps. 

Farm Wagons and Delivery Wagons, 
a complete stock. 

Correspondence solicited. 







SPIKE HARROW. 








808 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [December 

A LIBERAL OFFER. 

f 

i " " ' f 

t i 

t 

3 Months Trial Subscription 



«4i 



* 

t =TO THE= 



4» 



Southern Planter! 

for 10 CENTS or 3 for 25 CENTS. I 



t This liberal offer should be accepted by thous= 
ands who are not now readers. 
Send in at once. 



4* 



The SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va. 



Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS. 




HAND POWER CUTTER. 

These machines sell at sight. They have heavy fly 
wheels and make three cuts to each turn of the crank. 
They will cut hay, straw or fodder, and will cut from 
% to 2 inches. They are shipped K. D., securing the 
Lowest possible freight rates. 

LITTLE GIANT CORN SHELLfcR. 

The frame is made of thoroughly dry hard wood. The 
joints mortised tenoned and bolted. The bearings are 
bolted on the frame instead of screwed. The iron work 
is made from the very best material, every piece is care- 
fully inspected before being put on. This machine is 
high-grade all the way through. It is handsomely 
painted, striped and varnished. 



'SCIENTIFIC FEED MILLS, * II Sizes. 




The SCIENTIFIC Urinding Mills. 

Are unequalled for grinding ear corn, shucks on or off, 
Corn, Oats, Wheat and all other »rntn« single or mixed. 




ROSS.... 

Fodder Cutters, Fodder 
Shredders, Cuttersfor all 
purposes, Corn Shelters, 
Grinding Mills, Horse 
Powers and Wood Saws. 






POWER MILLS in five sizes. 

2 to 30 horse-power 

Scientific Sweep Hills in five sizes, 

Geared — plain and combined, with 
horse-power. 

Aspinwall Planter*, Potato Sorters 
and Cutters. 



iRONf 



Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader. Three Sizes. 



ELI BALING PRESSES. 

styles and sizes. For horse or steam power 
Write for prices and catalogues. 



^V.\XB > \/ / 



Milwaukee Corn Husker and Fodder Shredder, 

Has Steel Gears and Steel Clutches and Rolls Easily 
Adjusted to all Conditions of Corn. 

With Blower or Carrier. Manufactured in 5 sizes : Large machines for 
threshermen, and small machines for farmers' own use. 



Read list of only a few of the many using the MIL- 
WAUKEE Husker: 




Virginia: 
R. L. Bruce, Medlock. 
J. C. Segar, Lewiston. 
J. A. Graham, Hanover. 
L. E. Williams, Enfield. 
Julian Ruffin, Old Church. 
Edmund Ruffin, Old Church. 
A. T. Broaddus, Old Church. 
H. S. Saunders, Shirley. 



M. L. Norvell, Island. 
S. D. Ivey, Petersburg. 
J. A. Maddox, Triangle. 
W. H. Walton, Rice Depot. 
T. S. Wilson, News Ferry. 
Geo. R. Land, Boydton. 

North Carolina: 

C. C. Moore, Charlotte, 



Mrs. Alice Bransford, Shirley. R. F. Broaddus, New Berne. 
C. C. Branch, Toano. Col. B. Cameron, Stagville. 

The above parties will cheerfully give you testimonials as 
to the merits of the MILWAUKEE. We are ready at all 
times to go in the field with any other husker made, and 
will guarantee the MILWAUKEE TO BE THE BEST 
MADE; and will also guarantee it to do more work than 
any other made, and SHELL LESS CORN, AND COST 
LESS FOR REPAIRS and last longer. Write the parties 
that are using them; also write for special circulars and 
testimonials we have, which will be sent with pleasure. 



HENING & NUCKOLS, 



Successors to 

CHAS. E. HUNTER, 



1436-38 E. Main Si. 



Northwestern 



The lUIIKIHWhXIhKIU ™™££™ 



BILTMORE ESTATE, Landscape Dept. Biltmore, N. C, March 9, 1903. 

Office of Superintendent. 
My policies in the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, which I have heen carrying for a num- 
ber of years, appeal to me as the best investments I have ever made. If I wished to carry more insurance I 
would not care to go outside of this Company with a view of findiDg better security or greater dividends which 
are based on broad but conservative business principles. It is a pleasure to me to testify as to my impres- 
sions. C. D. Beadle. 

For rates and other Virginia and North Carolina testimonials, address, 



Y, tnni imt lot ». mi p. «., 1201 F. 



www* 



STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. II you wish fat and umooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give 




DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. 

For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 
DIXIE NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT— Best on earth for Man or 

Beast. Large Bottle 25 cts. ; everywhere. 

■ — OWENS & MINOR DRUQ CO., Richmond, Vs. 

< Wwvw ww wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwvC * 



VIRQINIA-C AROLINA CH EMICAL CO. 

Southern Manufacturers 

OF- 

<£ FERTILIZERS * 

FOR 

Southern Farmers. 



THE FACTS: 

Largest makers of Fertilizers! 
Largest producers of material! 

THE RESULTS: 

Better Fertilizers! Lowering prices! 
Increasing sales ! 



Sales Offices: RICHHOND, Va., NORFOLK, VA., DURHAM, N. C. 
AGENTS. - - 'y, - EVERYWHERE. 

.__ __ __ 



Th P STITF RftNI_. OF VIRGINIA __? 



JOHN 8. E'LLETT, President. WM. M. HILL, Cashier. 
CAPITAL, $500,000. SURPLUS, $240,000- 



_ _ I it _-» I *. ■ 




William ana 3tlar*j 





m 



M 






I 



■ 









. i.. ■ ■ iij . u ,