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RICVLTVR&, HORTICULTURE, 
RVCKING, LIVE J"TOCK 

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RICHMOND VIRGINIA 



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The GASOLINE ENGINES which make such Engines fatnairs. 

The Engine which the farm-hand can handle. Success bayond question and merit above all others. If yon 
think we say so because we sell them, ask some of those who have bought them. There is nearly as much 
difference in Gasoline Engines as there is between a Locomotive and an Ox Cart. . 



ALWAYS READY TO 

START, SAW WOOD, 
PUMP WATER, SHELL 

CORN. Prom 1J Horse 
Power to 50 Horse Power. 

Mounted on Wheels or 
Not. 




IP YOU DO NOT OWN 
A GASOLINE ENGINE 
IT MUST BE BECAUSE 

YOU HAVE NEVER 
KNOWN WHAT THEY 

ARE, WHAT THEY 
WILL DO, AND HOW 
ECESSARY THEY 
ARE. 



A. few who have thetn: Harper Dean, Henrico Co., Va. ; E. B. Addison, Richmond, Va.; S. E. Pender, Greenville, N.: C; 
W. I. Everett, Rockingham, N. C; E. B. Howie, Manchester, Va.; Geo. D. Thaxton, Henrico Co., Va.; W. C Reed, Keswick, 
Va.; Jno. C. Robertson, Forest Hill, Va.; Jos. P. Garrett, Ridgeway, Va.; 8. W. Anderson. W. Va.: Edward Scott, Warren, Va. 
William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va.; T. W. Wood, Virginia ; W. H. Purdy, Dinwlddie Co., Va.; J. E. Cox, Ashland, 
Va.; Thos. S. Martin, ScottsviUe, Va.; James H. Dooley, Richmond, Va.; Henry Clay Inn, Ashland, Va.; and any number of 
•others. 



RICHMOND ENGINE AND PUMP COMPANY, Richmond, Va. 




forthe TOBACCO CROP 

USE 



a 



STAR 




BRAND" 



GUANO, 



IT'S THE BEST. 



ALLISON & ADDISON, 



.BRANCH VIRGINIA- 
CAROLINA CHEMICAL CO., 



Richmond, Va, 



MANUFACTURERS. 



r # V 

U LIBRARY 



The Southern Planter. 

DEVOTED TO 

PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 

Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.—XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. --SULLY. 



64th Year. 



Richmond, January, 1903. 



No. 1. 



7903. 



In our opening article in the issue for January, 1902, 
ire remarked that a new era was opening up for the 
farmers of the South, and commenting on this said : 
" This era has in it more promise for the future than 
any which has preceded it since the country was first 
settled. The South, in the near fature, is to become 
not merely the producer of raw staple crops as in the 
past, but the manufacturer of these raw staples into 
finished products in the shape of cotton cloth, beef, 
mutton, hog meat, milk, batter, and tie high priced 
luxuries of the table in the shape of fruits and vegeta 
bles. We shall have at home a market for a large part 
of these products, and we shall also have manufactured 
at home and largely from home produced materials, 
the mills, machinery and means for the making and 
transport of our surplus products. To the farmer, 
this development of our resources means a call for a 
higher degree of intelligence, a more perfect under- 
standing of the laws governing the successful produc 
tion of crops, and the profitable conversion of those 
crops into the finished products ; and above all, it 
means the conversion of the farmer into a successful 
business man. It means the utilization of all the pro- 
ducts of the soil in the most economical manner, so 
that that which is produced with labor, which means 
cost, shall return its cost back to the pocket of the 
producer with the largest profit capable of being real 
ized. To accomplish these results, it will be necessary 
for the farmer to understand much more thoroughly 
the laws governing the growing of crops and the feed 
ing of the same, so that they may be made to yield 
maximum returns ; and it will also require that the 



science of live stock husbandry shall be better under- 
stood than ever in the past. The farmer of the South, 
in order to meet the demands which this development 
of her manufacturing indastries is going to entail, will 
require to understand how to breed and feed the thou- 
sands of fat cattle, sheep and hogs, which the workers 
in her mines and factories are going to consume, and 
how to secure from the cows the milk and butter which 
the households of these workers are going to demand. 
In the past, the North and the West have largely sup- 
plied even the requirements of the farmers themselves 
in these respects, and have met practically the whole 
demands of the cities. The result is seen in the wasted 
character of most of our lands and the constant com- 
plaint of thousands of farmers that " farming does not 
pay." 

. Every day that has passed since these words were 
written has only tended to confirm and emphasize 
what we then said. The marvellous development of 
Southern prosperity, the constantly increasing num- 
ber of our manufacturing plants, and the daily increas 
ing numbers of our people, who find highly remunera- 
tive employment in these plants, and to obtain which 
leave the country and take up their residence in the 
cities and towns, has worked almost a revolution in 
the condition of agriculture in the South. Thousands 
who were producers of agricultural staples are now 
consumers of these articles, and with their increased 
prosperity are, together with the long-time residents of 
the cities and town, consumers, not only of the staples 
but largely of the luxuries of life. In the era now past 
a very large proportion of the staple necessities of 
life for the people of the South, in the shape of beef, 
mutton, bacon, lard, butter and cheese, have been gup 



2 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



plied from the North and West, and the opinion has 
been held that the South could not produce these ne 
cessities profitably in competition with the North and 
West. The wonderful prosperity of the whole coun- 
try and the changed conditions of the West, where the 
area of free range for live stock ha? been so much cur- 
tailed by settlement and conversion of the lands into 
enclosed farms, has completely changed the conditions 
affecting the production of the staple products of the 
West, and caused them to so advance in price as to ren- 
der it beyond question that the South can well afford to 
produce these articles, and in addition many of the lux 
uries of life, if only our farmers will equip themselves 
for the task. This equipment means not merely 
the establishment of herds and flocks to supply the 
beef, mutton, bacon, milk and butter which the people 
need, but the knowledge to enable them to make the 
change in their system of farming which these herds 
and flocks will entail if their management is to be 
profitable. The census returns go to show that the 
acquisition of live stock in the South is already mak- 
ing considerable headway and creeping up gradually 
in numbers to those which existed in the South before 
the West was opened out to settlement, and when the 
South, East and North made their supplies at home. 
In 1850 Virginia, including West Virginia, had 
817,619 dairy cows. In 1870, this number had been 
reduced to 188,471. la 1890, the number had increased 
to 281,876. In 1850, Virginia had 758,658 other cat 
tie. In 1870, this number had been|reduced to 323,272. 
In 1890, the number had grown to 543,636. In 1850, 
Virginia had 1,310,004 sheep. In 1870, the number 
was 370,145. In 1890, the number had grown to 
392,125. In 1850, Virginia had 1,829,848 hogs. In 
1870, the number was-674,670. In 1890, this number 
had grown to 946,443. North Carolina had in 1850 
221,799 dairy cows. In 1870, the number was 196,731. 
In 1890, this number had increased to 233,178. In 
1850, North Carolina had 471,711 other cattle. In 
1870, this number had been reduced to 324,431. In 
1890, this number had increased to 391,340. In 1850, 
North Carolina had 595,249 sheep. In 1870, this num- 
ber had been reduced to 463,435. In 1890, the num- 
ber was 208, 812. In 1850, North Carolina had 1, 812, 813 
hogs. In 1870, the number had been reduced to 
1,075,215. In 1890, the number had increased to 
1,300,469. South Carolina had in 1850 193,244 dairy 
cows. In 1870, this number had been reduced to 
98,693. In 1890, the number had increased to 126,684. 
In 1850, South Carolina had 584,442 other cattle. In 
1870, this number had been reduced to 150,610. In 
1890, the number had increased to 216,214. In 1850, 
South Carolina had 285,551 sheep. This number has 
decreased each decennium until in 1890 the number 
was only 52,436. In 1850, South Carolina had 1,065,503 



hogs. In 1870, this number had been reduced to 
395,999. la 1890, this number had increased to 618,995. 
Coincidentally with this increase, there has undoubt- 
edly been a great improvement in the quality of the 
animals kept. 

This improvement has been much more marked in the 
last decennium than in any other period, and it would 
not probably be an exaggeration to say that the aver- 
age increase in weight of the carcasses of beef, mut- 
ton and hogs has been increased nearly one fourth, 
and in productive capacity in milk and butter of the 
dairy cows of nearly the same quantity. The South 
is yet a loug way behtud the West and North in the 
average quality of the stock kept, and, as a conse- 
quence, a long way behind those sections in the aver- 
age profit made in handling stock. To overcome these 
drawbacks has been one of the objects which The 
Planter has kept steadily in view ever since it came 
into our hands. We have striven month by month 
to bring before the farmers of the South the necessity 
for attention to live stock husbandry and the im- 
portance of this factor in the improvement of our 
lands and the economic condition of the farmers. To 
secure this end, we have striven to encourage the read- 
ing habit amongst farmers by reducing the cost of this 
journal to a minimum and by making it the medium 
through which the experts and master minds in live- 
stock husbandry should popularize their teachings. 
We have in this way sought to overcome the prejudice 
so deeply rooted In the South against so-called "book 
farming," and by making the journal the exponent of 
practical as against theoretical farming have endeav- 
ored to evoke an intelligent and understanding com- 
prehension of the science of agriculture, so that in- 
stead of working by "rule of thumb," farmers may 
work in the light of the rules of science and practice. 
This issue we have made a special live stock number, 
and illustrated it with pictures of some of the leading 
breeds of live stock adapted to Southern conditions. 
The articles accompanying these pictures are written 
by leading experts in the particular lines which they 
treat upon, and we are satisfied that the information 
to be found in this issue will be of constantly increas- 
ing value to every reader. It is our intention during 
the year to continue our monthly talks on " Work for 
the Month," and our replies to questions through the 
"Enquirers' Column," and to make each department 
of the journal as full of information on the particular 
specialty therein dealt with as our limits will allow. 
We appeal to our friends to give us their assistance 
in increasing the circulation of The Planter, assuring 
them that our whole concern and thought will be to 
advance the prosperity of Southern farmers. 



Mention the Southern Planter to your friends. 



1»03J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The higher range of values for all agricultural pro 
ducts which has now continued for more than two 
years still holds good ; indeed, in respect to some of 
these, prices have still further advanced during the 
year just closing, and this satisfactory condition of 
affairs for the farmer will, we think, be not likely to 
soon come to an end, certainly not so long as labor 
•continues to be so well employed as at present. The 
■consumption of all the staple products of the farm, 
and of most of the luxuries, some of which, like to 
bacco, we produce largely in the South, is enormous, 
and it would require an immense over-production of 
these to seriously affect market values whilst business 
continues good. Whilst we have had large wheat and 
oat crops, and an immense corn crop, yet these, and 
especially corn, came at a time when there was no 
large surplus held over from previous years; indeed, 
in the case of corn, when there was an immense defi- 
cit caused by the failure of the crop a year ago. The 
supplies of fat stock of all kinds are short, and are 
likely to continue so for years, as the great source 
from whence these come — the West — was compelled a 
year ago to sacrifice, in a half fat or store condition, 
immense numbers of animals which should have been 
held over for this and next year. 

Until the deficit thus caused is made good, which 
will be a slow process whilst consumption con 
tinues so large as during the past year, prices must 
remain good. When prices are high, the temptation 
to sell stock which should be held over either for 
breeders or for better finishing is too great to be re 
sisted, and hence the progress of recuperation of 
stocks is a slow one. Dairy products have advanced 
in price since the unfair competition of oleomargerine 
has been destroyed or largely curtailed, and this ad 
vance is likely to hold and make further progress. 
With such a prospect before them, we see no reason 
why farmers should not prepare to make large crops 
during the year now commencing, and especially so 
with those crops which are to be converted on the 
farm into meat or dairy products. This is the true 
line on which farmers should seek to develop their re 
sources, as it will not only result in the securing of a 
better return for their labors, but will also result in 
continued improvement of the fertility of the farm. 
The one difficulty which largely confronts South- 
ern farmers is the labor question. Thousands of col- 
ored hands have left the country districts, and found 
employment in the large cities and towns, and on the 
railroads, and this exodus of labor is going to continue 
so long as trade continues good. The only way to meet 



it is to turn large areas of arable land into permanent 
grass and meadows and to make use largely in the 
working of the arable land and of the meadows, of the 
labor saving machinery which has been invented and 
put on the market at such reasonable prices. With 
this machinery hands can be dispensed with and 
better work be done and crops be made and saved at 
less cost than ever in the past. Another means of sav- ' 
ing cost must be found in the production of larger 
crops on the same area of land. This will be found 
easy when the crops are largely converted into meat 
and dairy products on the farm, resulting in a larger 
production of home-made mannre, which is the best 
and cheapest fertilizer which a farmer can use, and 
which, if supplemented where needed with commer- 
cial fertilizer, will easily result in doubling our pres- 
ent crops without adding one acre to the land under 
cultivation. The cost of making and saving a crop 
of 40 bushels of wheat, or of 50 bushels of corn to 
the acre, will be found to be very little more than 
that of making and saving our present meagre crops 
of 12 or 15 bushels of wheat and 15 to 25 bushels of 
corn to the acre. The secret of this increased pro- 
duction to the acre will be found in better prepara- 
tion of the land before planting, and in the use of 
farm-yard manure and the leguminous crops to sup- 
ply humus to the soil. The profitable conversion of 
these crops into money lies in the use of better bred 
live stock, which will mature in half the time re- 
quired by the present scrub stock, and which will 
make meat and dairy products always commanding 
the top figure on the market. In this issue we have 
brought together a large mass of information as to 
these better bred animals with pictures of typical spe- 
cimens of the breeds. We bespeak for this matter 
the careful study of onr readers. It means thousands 
of dollars in the pockets of Southern farmers and a 
complete change in the appearance of thousands of 
acres of land. 



The work that can be done on the land during 
the present month is usually small, as it is the one 
month in the year when, if we are to have any win- 
ter we are pretty certain to get it ; yet in the major- 
ity of years there are days even in this month when 
plowing can be done and the clearing up of land 
intended to be cropped can make progress, if only 
labor can be secured. The New Year's holiday, how- 
ever, largely prevents any reliance being placed on the 
hands till towards the close of the month. It is well, 
therefore, not to attempt much beyond seeing that 
abundant supplies of feed are kept on hand at the barn 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTEJi. 



[January 



convenient for feeding, so that if any hard weather 
should set in there will be no fear of the stock suffer- 
ing. If the weather be mild and the land dry enough, 
plowing should be done, so as to lessen work later in 
the spring. Let this work be done thoroughly. Plow 
deep, and where possible and the subsoil i3 a good clay 
one, subsoil as well. In plowing land deep so as to 
add depth to the soil, do not turn the furrow slice 
completely over, but leave it on edge, so that the new 
soil may be mixed with the old soil in working. New 
soil brought from the bottom of the farrow will not 
produce large crops until thoroughly aerated and dig 
integrated by the action of the weather, and this takes 
time ; hence, this deep plowing should not be done 
late in the spiing. The mixing of the old and new 
soil tends to hasten the fitting of the soil for crop pro- 
duction, and hence the importance of so plowing as to 
ad mit of this. The value of subsoiling where the subsoil 
is a good one, is not half appreciated as it ought to be. 
It breaks loose the hard-pan nearly always to be found 
where shallow plowing has been the rule for years, 
and renders this permeable by the rainfall where the 
water is stored for the use of the crop in the summer. 
It makes largely available inert plant food in the 
shape of phosphoric acid and potash, which is always 
present in the soil in more or less abundance, and only 
requires the action of the atmosphere, water and humic 
acid supplied from decaying vegetable matter to be 
come available for the necessities of the crop. Our 
own experience has convinced us that in every case 
except where the subsoil is sandy or leachy, snbsoiling 
may be done with profit. 



Whenever the land is dry enough to haul on, get 
out farm yard manure and top-dress wheat, oats or 
grass land, or apply it on the land newly plowed and 
which is to be put in crop in the spring. The mineral 
fertilizers, acid phosphate and potash, may be applied 
along with the manure on the plowed land without 
fear of loss, and then the whole can be worked in to 
gether later in the spring, and thus much time be 
saved. Farm yard manure is much better on the land 
than leaching away in the farm-yard and pens. 



Glean up land intended to be cropped which has 
laid untilled for years. Whatever is done in this way 
let it be done thoroughly. Get out all stumps and 
haul off all rocks. Left on the land they only serve 
to harbor weeds, briers, insects and fungoid diseases, 
and are a constant hindrance to good cultivation. Use 
the rocks to repair the roads. Let all fences be re 
paired and make them straight. An old worm fence 
which is insufficient to turn stock, will often supply 
rails sufficient to make a new straight fence capable 
of turning any stock. Set posts the length of the rails 



apart and fasten four or five rails to these posts, holding; 
them in place by running a piece of plain fence wire* 
from the bottom to the top of the post on one side. 
Fasten the wire to the post with staples, making loops 
to hold the rails in the proper places. 



All wet places should be drained and ditches bo- 
olean ed out so as to give a quick fall to the water and 
a good outlet. In putting in drains put them in deep; 
three feet to three feet six inches is little enough. It 
is the underlying water which requires to be got rid 
of. The surface water will soon enough find its way 
off the land when there is no underlying strata of 
water to keep it on the surface. 



Fill the ice house at the first opportunity. The first 
opportunity is often the la9t in the South. Use plenty 
of sawdust in packing the ice. It is the surest pre- 
servative against waste. 

On wet and stormy days clean up, repair and paint 
all tools and implements. Time spent in this way 
will be money saved. 



RANDOfl NOTES. 



Pecans — Sorrel — Timothy in South Carolina — 
Alfalfa — Lettuce Growing, Etc. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Tour types in the December number make me say 
just what I did not intend to say. I meant to say that 
I agreed with you in not advising the planting of pe- 
cans outside the cotton belt. 

Mr. Knapenberger is right in saying that the pres- 
ence of acid plants, like sheep sorrel, is not neces- 
sarily an indication that the land is sour. The acid in 
the sorrel does not come from the soil, but is one of 
the results of the assimilative action of the green 
leaves, and comes from the air. But there is no doubt 
that some plants can abide acidity in the soil, while 
others cannot. The soil that grows sorrel may be acid, 
and if this is the case, it will not grow clover well, for 
the microbes that live on the clover roots cannot thrive 
in an acid soil. Then, frequently the best means for 
banishing the sorrel is to introduce, through liming, 
the conditions favorable to the clover, and thus 
smother out the sorrel. If I had land infested with 
sorrel, I would test it for acidity with blue litmus pa- 
per, and if found to be acid, I would have a short road 
to banishing the sorrel. Get a heavy growth of clover 
on the land and the sorrel will have no chance. 

I think that your correspondent in Lexington county, 
S. 0., will find that timothy will make but one crop 
there after seeding, and the summer will kill it out. 



19C3] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



He had better use red top and meadow fescue, and get 
far better results than from timothy in his climate. 
The fescue will make the main part of the first cutting 
and the red top will give him a late mowing. I saw a 
beautiful piece of alfalfa the past summer at Athens, 
Oa., on a mellow red clay loam, and was told that it 
was cut five times during a season. At Occoneechee 
Farm, near Hillsboro, N. 0., Colonel Carr has a large 
field of alfalfa on red clay upland which has been pro 
ductive now for a number of years. There is no doubt 
that as the conditions for success are better understood 
in the South, alfalfa will be largely grown, and with 
plenty of hay from alfalfa and the cow pea, we may 
hope to see stock feeding grow in importance in the 
■cotton country. 

I had rather have strychnine and a good shot gun 
for sheep killing dogs than any dog law that was ever 
put on the statute books. 

My frame lettuce is rapidly being destroyed by the 
stem-rot fangus. It is largely due, I believe, to the 
use of heavy applications of fertilizer in which the 
nitrogen came from cotton seed meal. Where none of 
this was put I have no rot. Then, too, I made the 
mistake of not changing the soil in the frames, but 
planted the same soil that was used last winter. The 
result is, that I shall lose fully half the crop, and as I 
am now getting 75 cents a dozen, this means quite a 
loss. Old lettuce soil and cotton seed meal fertilizer 
have been responsible. Hereafter we will get nitrogen 
for oar lettuce fertilizer, either from fish scrap or 
dried blood. Stable manure seems to have the same 
effect in promoting fungus that the cotton seed meal 
has. 

That potato yarn Mr. Jeffers reports where four po 
tatoes weighing 8 1 lbs. filled a barrel, is rather thin. It 
takes 150 lbs. of sweet potatoes to make a barrel. We 
had one that weighed a fraction over 9 lbs., and it 
■would have been a small barrel, that four such would 
have filled. The quince Mr. J. tells about is probably 
the Chinese quince. It is too tender for the North, 
but should be grown largely from Maryland, south 
w^ard. W. P. M asset, 

Editor of Practical Farmer. 



FERTILIZERS DO NOT REPLACE TILLAGE. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

A most common mistake of farmers is to expect too 
much of fertilizers, due to no little extent no doubt to 
the extravagant claims made by many fertilizer deal- 
ers. Fertilizers are simply a form of concentrated ma 
xiure, and their use arose largely from the fact that not 
enough farm yard manure can be made on the average 
farm to keep the soil in good condition. Careful til- 
lage is just as important with fertilizers as with farm- 



yard manure. It is true that fertilizers do not stock 
up a soil with all kinds of weed seeds, but keeping the 
soil pulverized and porous and the maintenance of the 
earth mulch is not the less important on this account. 

Farm yard manures are more or less a complete 
manure ; and while it is true that the potash and phos- 
phates contained in same become available as plant- 
food much less rapidly than the nitrogen, still a large 
proportion ultimately become serviceable to growing 
plants. This is the point too generally overlooked by 
farmers in buying fertilizers. Figured on a fertilizer 
formula, manure contains equal percentages of potash 
and nitrogen, and half as much phosphoric acid. Fer- 
tilizers need not follow these proportions closely be- 
cause the nitrogen is needlessly large when we con- 
sider the enormous quantities stored in soils by plants 
of the clover family. So far as the mineral plant food 
elements are concerned, and by mineral plant food is 
commonly meant potash and the phosphates, it is very 
probable that farm yard manure represents closely 
the actual needs of average crops. 

This is the point to establish clearly before we go on 
the subject of tillage. If the fertilizers are unsuitable 
for the crop, tillage of itself can do nothing. The cor- 
rect balancing of the plant- food in fertilizers must be 
studied with reference to the actual needs of crops in 
plant food, and the largest crop it is hoped to make. 
A well balanced fertilizer for 20 bushels of corn per 
acre, for example, cannot make 40 bushels. Farmers 
must read and study out these points for themselves. 
The problem is neither intricate nor difficult, simply 
a matter of studying the composition of crops, being 
particular to take the whole crop growth into consid 
eration, for plant-food is as much required to make the 
roughage as to make the valuable sale portion, and 
the one cannot be grown without the other. 

The function of tillage is to prepare soil conditions 
iavorable to the germination of seed ; that is, to keep 
the soil open and porous, and well pulverized, and 
even. It also serves to conserve moisture by the well 
known earth mulch, by keeping an even soil texture, 
and by keeping down the growth of weeds which use 
moisture thus robbing the valuable plants. Tha func 
tion of fertilizer is the same as that of manure of 
all kinds. It simply supplies plant food — nitrogen, 
potash and phosphoric acid. Plant food can do little 
without tillage, tillage can do nothing without plant- 
food. These are things to keep in mind. 

As mentioned before, the composition of the fertil- 
izer is important, for plants mu9t have certain pro • 
portions of the three elements, and no grf at excess of 
any one, or of any two for that matter, can make up 
for the scarcity of any one of them. On this account, 
it is of first importance to study the composition of 
the fertilizers used. 

P. J. Christian. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



ENQUIRER'S COLUMN. 

v Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Planter 
Hichmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re 
plies to appear in the next month's issue of the Planter. 



Utilization of Dead Animals, 

Please describe in your answers to queries some 
■easy and practical way by means of which the farmer 
can utilize the bodies of dead animals as fertilizers, 
and nob turn them over to the dogs and vultures. A 
large quantity of nitrogenous material is wasted in 
this way each year on every farm. 

Lackawanna Co., Pa. Thos. A. Kay, M. D. 

The only means of utilizing the dead carcasses of 
animals so that they may be effectually converted into 
fertilizer without becoming offensive or a nuisance, is 
to put them into a tank and pour sulphuric acid over 
them. This will dissolve the flesh and bones, and the 
resultant matter can then be mixed with dry soil and 
be then applied to the land. There is, however, con- 
siderable risk in thus dealing with them, as the hand- 
ling of the acid is dangerous work unless provided 
with proper appliances. Some farmers dispose of 
carca38es by placing them in a pit and covering with 
quick lime and soil. This process is slower than with 
the acid, but much safer. Probably the easiest and 
safest way to dispose of animals which have died 
from disease, is to burn them. In this way all traces 
and germs of the disease are destroyed and the result 
ing ashes can be used as a fertilizer. In any event, 
dead carcasses should not be left about the farm for 
dogs and buzzards to consume. The practice of thus 
disposing of them is the prolific cause of the dissemi 
nation of disease amongst animals. We have had 
positive evidence of hog cholera being thus carried 
from one faim to another by buzzards. "We would 
like to see a law passed making it compulsory to de- 
stroy every buzzard in the country. If we had no 
buzzards, farmers would bury or burn their dead ani- 
mals and danger of the spread of disease would be 
lessened. — Ed. 



Fall and Winter Plowing. 

1. I notice that The Planter is an advocate of fall 
plowing on general principles, but as there is a diver 
sity of opinion as to how far fall plowing should be 
practiced, I would ask the Editor if, in his opinion, 
such plowing should be done in all cases. 

2. A field on which wheat is grown is covered in the 
fall with weeds and grass which will make a mulch 
through the winter in case one doesn' t care to put 
in grain to farm a mulch, would it be best to plow 
under the trash in the fall or leave it as a mulch, at 
least till late winter ? 

3. Another piece of rather heavy land of low fer- 
tility, having a tendency to run together and wash, is 
covered with a light coat of grass and weeds, enough to 



prevent washing. Would this land be benefited by fall 
plowing, in case no grain crop is sown ? 

As the above described fields are typical of large 
sections of the South, with slight variations, consider- 
ation of the subject will no doubt prove helpful to> 
others as well as myself. 

Surry Co. , Va. J. A. Moobe. 

1. There is, no doubt, a diversity of opinion as to the 
wisdom of fall and winter plowing of land in a coun- 
try where the winter is usually mild, but our own opin- 
ion is strongly in favor of the practice for reasons 
which we have fully explained in numerous articles. 
Wherever the work can be done early enough to per- 
mit of the sowing of a winter-growing crop we would! 
always seed such a crop because of its value as a con- 
server of fertility and maker of humus, which almost 
all Southern lands need even more than fertilizer. 

2. We would turn down the grass and weeds before 
they seed in order to lessen the plague of weeds which 
make so much unnecessary work and rob the soil. If 
allowed to remain on the surface until winter they 
will have shed their seed and make work and rob the 
soil of fertility. Weeds consume plant food and mois- 
ture just as surely as profitable crops, and make 
no return for what they take. 

3. The way to cure this land of its tendency to wash 
and run together, if both conditions can exist simulta- 
neously, which is doubtful, is to plow it deeply and 
get it filled with humus. Therefore it should be plowed 
deeply early enough to seed, in a winter growing legu- 
minous crop to be turned down in the spring. — Ed. 



Service of Sow. 

I notice your reply in the December number of the 
Planter to G. W. B., of Middlesex county, with refer- 
ence to the number of times a sow may drop a litter 
of pigs within ten months. You said that a sow will 
usually accept service within a week after dropping; 
pigs. Ton will please tell us in the January number 
of the Planter how she is brought in heat so soon. 

Mecklenburg Co., Va. A Subscriber. 

The sow (like a mare) will naturally accept service 
within a week after farrowing. There is no necessity 
to use any artificial means. — Ed. 



Canada Peas. 

Having read the article in the December issue of 
the Planter about Canada peas sowed for hogs, I have 
ordered 3 bushels to plant on a trial basis. 

How do you prepare them for feed ? Do you turn 
the hogs in on them while in a green state, or cut them 
like oats and feed them ? How many bushels per acre 
is a good crop of them ? 

Baltimore, Md. S. D. Jones. 

This crop is usually grown for a hog pasture, int 
which case the hogs should be turned in as soon as the 
peas are about half grown in the pods. They will then 



IMS.] 



THE SOUTHERN PL ANTES 



consume both the vines and pods. If grown for hay, 
of which it makes a fine quality, cut when the peas are 
fully formed but before they commence to ripen and 
then the vines can be saved with the leaf on them. 
Always have the crop off the ground before the hot 
weather sets in or it will likely be lost. The crop may 
be cut for green feed like Crimson clover or oats, if 
desired. 

It is not a suitable crop to grow for seed in the 
South, as before the peas ripen the hot weather causes 
mildew to attack it, and when this starts the whole 
crop is soon lost. — Ed. 



Grazing Wheat. 

We are asked as to the advisability of grazing wheat. 
Wherever wheat has made a strong growth early in the 
winter it is a good practice to graze it with calves and 
sheep whenever the land is dry during the winter and 
up to about the 1st of April. It should not, however, 
be grazed too close. The effect of grazing is to make 
the plant tiller and spread over the field. — Ed. 



A Dark Cow Barn. 

A lady in Patrick county, Va., writes us that her 
husband has built a barn in part of which he has a 
cow stable, but has made no provision for lighting the 
stable except a small hole into each stall. She says 
the cows object to go into it, and one can scarcely see 
how to milk them. She wants to know if this is a 
proper place for cows. 

In reply, we would say that such a place is no more 
fit to keep cows in than it would be for a human be- 
ing to live in. Sanlight, daylight and plenty of fresh 
air are as essential to the health and well- doing of live 
stock of any kind as they are for mankind. Cattle 
kept in such a barn as this can never long be healthy. 
The surest destroyer of all disease germs is sunlight. 
—Ed. 



Lightening a Clay Soil. 

I have some clay galls I am going to cover with rot 
ten sawdust and plow under, and then apply ground 
silica, barrow and sow in cow peas, or soy beans. 

1. How much silica would you advise to put to the 
acre ? 

2. Would you sow before or after plowing ? 
Cleveland, Tenn Henry D. Ayre. 

1. As the only effect of the silica will be a mechan 
ical one, you may apply such a quantity as, in your 
judgment, you think will sufficiently lighten and dis- 
integrate the clay, so as to make it more of a loamy 
nature. 

2. We would apply after plowing and harrow it into 
he clay soil. — Ed. 



Lame Horse. 

I have a horse that is lame in one of his hind legs. 
It seems to be hip joint lameness. Can you give me a 
remedy for it ? I have tried several liniments, and 
nothing I have tried has relieved him. There is no 
swelling or enlargement anywhere on the leg, but he 
is lame when he trots. It does not affect his work only 
in driving. 

King and Queen Co., Va. R. J. Vatjghan. 

If the trouble really be in the hip joint, it is doubt- 
ful whether any treatment will be of service now. To 
prevent permanent lameness from hip joint injury the 
remedy should be applied at once after the injury, 
and even then the result is doubtful. A long period 
of rest is absolutely essential. A shoe with high heels 
should be fitted, and hot water fomentations should 
be frequently applied to the part, and mercurial oint- 
ment be well rubbed in. — Ed. 



Pasture Grasses for Light Land. 

I have some rather steep land that is loose and in- 
clined to wash, which I want to set in grass next 
spring for pasture. What variety of grass do you re- 
commend? How would Johnson grass do? Is it a 
good pasture and hay grass ? I want something that 
will make a good sod and prevent the land from 
washing. 

Bristol, Tenn. Subscriber. 

Plow the land deeply, and thus make it possible for 
the water to get down into the subsoil instead of wash- 
ing off the surface soil. Work fine, and then seed in 
March or April or in August or' September a mixture 
of the following grasses: Orchard grass, perennial rye, 
Virginia blue, meadow fescue and Hungarian brome. 
Sow at the rate of three bushels to the acre. Johnson 
gra ? s is not adapted to such land as this. It should 
be sown on level loamy land, where it can remain 
permanently and will not encroach on other arable 
land. It makes good hay when cut before maturity, 
and also good grazing. It is closely related to the 
sorghums, and grows much like them, but makes long 
jointed underground stems like wire grass. — Ed. 



The two most potent factors in a country's progress 
are roads and schools. And they arc inseparable, 
*here one is really good the other will not long remain 
bad, and where one is neglected the other is not found 
much in advance. — Southern School and Home 



If I had some magic gift to bestow, it would be to 
make our country youth see one truth, namely, that 
science as applied to the farm, the garden and the 
forest has as splendid a dignity as astronomy; that it 
it may work just as many marvels and claim as high 
an order of talent. — John Graham Brooks. 



T£tB SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

Not much work of any kind can be done in the gar 
den or orchard daring this month, except completing 
the clearing up and breaking of land which has been 
in late fa?l crops. Let this work be done effectually. 
Leave no trash, weeds, or wasted vegetables or stalks 
on the ground, but burn them up and thus remove all 
winter hiding places for insects, and destroy their eggs 
and the fungus spores, which are so prolific of damage 
in summer. Break the land deeply and leave it rough, 
so that the frost and weather can penetrate it. Farm 
yard manure can with advantage be h auled out on to the 
land after it has been plowed, and phosphate and pot- 
ash fertilizers may be spread on at the same time with 
out fear of loss from leaching. A good dressing of 
freshly slacked lime — say, 50 bushels to the acre — will 
on land which has been long used for growing vegeta 
hies be found of more help to it than manure, but lime 
and farm yard manure should never be applied at the 
same time. Apply the lime now and manure may be 
applied in March or April. 



The composting and mixing of farm yard manure, 
leaves, sods and other vegetable matter, should receive 
attention. This will be required in February and 
March for the hot- beds and frames and later for the 
crops in the open ground. Turn over and mix well 
two or three times during the winter, so that it may 
be sweetened and uniform in quality. . 



In Tidewater Virginia and Eastern North and South 
Carolina, English peas may be sown for the early crop 
if the ground is dry and in nice working condition. 
A field that grew Irish or sweet potatoes last year 
makes the most desirable land for the pea crop, as 
peas do not want fresh manure or too iich soil. If any 
fertilizer is needed it will probably only be phosphoric 
acid. This may be given by using 300 or 400 lbs to 
the acre of acid phosphate. If any potash is needed 
apply 50 to 75 lbs. to the acre of muriate of potash. 
English peas should be put in deeply — say, with a 
cover of 4 or five inches of soil. Sow in drills two 
feet apart, putting the peas in the bottom of the 
drills in a wide row — say, 3 or 4 Indus wide, and 
scattered pretty thickly. Tread into the soil and cover. 



Towards the end of the month small sowings of rad 
ishes and lettuce may be made in the above sections, 
in sheltered situations or where protection can be given 
by mats or sash. 

The pruning of orchards and vineyards should be 
continued in mild, dry weather. 



GARDEN AND ORCHARD NOTES. 

January is usually regarded as a "rest month" by 
the farmer. He feeds stock, builds fires, and eats of 
the things he spent la&t summer and fall, growing 
and storing away. It is a time when the Virginia 
farmer usually "turns over the new leaf," tries to 
balance accounts, and matures plans for next year's 
work. 

These occupations, however, really make it one of 
the-most important months of the year to the farmer? 
since he draws conclusions from the past year's expe- 
rience, and decides upon plans to be followed during 
all the next twelve months. If these plans are not 
good, the year's work will be largely a failure, henc« 
the very great importance of well matured plans. 



What variety of apples should be added to the or- 
chard ; when and how should they be planted ; when 
and how should the pruning be done. (We prefer to 
do most of ihis work in February and March, and 
expect to give full instructions along these lines in 
the February and March issues of the Planter.) Where 
should the potatoes be planted, Irish and Sweet? Are 
the prospects favorable for growing an early crop for 
the near by markets ? Should a late crop of cabbage 
be grown for shipment to the Gulf States during the 
later part of summer and early fall? Do the garden 
fence and gates need attention? 

You may prune the grape vines between now and 
the middle of March. How should they be pruned ? 
What fertilizers should be used on the crops next 
year ? How can a good home-made fertilizer be made ? 
These are some of the many things the farmer should 
consider during this, the first month of 1903. 



Put a winter mulch on the strawberry plants at once 
if not already done. Is there a real farmer in the 
Southern States who has no strawberry plants in his 
garden ? If so, he is missing something in this life. 
His more fortunate neighbor should invite him over 
to see the large, luscious, crimson colored berries 
peeping through the rich green foliage of the plants 
early in Jane. Let him gatber some berries and sam- 
ple them with a liberal sprinkling of sugar and cream, 
and then watch his enthusiasm rise to 105 degrees. 
This kind of horticultural teaching will bear fruit 
both for the pupil and for the teacher. 

But I am wandering from what I started to say. 
How should the mulch be applied ? Take straw, pine 
needles or any similar material, that has no weed feed 
in it, and cover all the strawberry ground with it 



1903.J 



THIS SOUTHERN PLANTER 



9 



after the ground has frozen an inch or more. Hold 
the plants in the frozen bed till you want them to 
grow in the spring. Judging from my own experience 
along this line, I agree with Mr. Blacknall, who stated 
in the December issue of the Planter that it was doubt- 
ful about winter mulching being beneficial to straw- 
berry plants in the Gulf States. Later on, I will tell 
how I obtained good results by summer mulching in 
the dry climate at the Texas Experiment Statien. It 
is more important in the Gulf States to know how to 
carry the plants through the summer in a strong, 
healthy condition than it is to know how to take them 
through the winter. Bat I believe, from my own ex 
perience, that winter mulching is advisable in all that 
section of Virginia west of Piedmont. I have seen 
excellent crops of strawberries grown at the Virginia 
Experiment Station by winter mulching (in fact, I 
helped to grow them), while the near by crops that 
were not mulched were almost failures In fact, I 
believe, by careful winter mulching, other conditions 
being favorable, that a good strawberry crop can be 
grown over a large portion of Virginia and Tennessee 
with more certainty than a wheat crop. As to profits, 
there is dj comparison. 



Besides the strawberry, which is the first fruit to 
ripen, the farm should not fail to have some good 
Black Cap Bispberries growing to follow the straw 
berry closely. Pat this frait down on your list for 
planting in March. What varieties should be planted. 
There are a number of good black cap varieties sold 
by nurserymen, but the farmer can frequently get good 
raspberry plants along Old Virginia worm fences that 
will cost nothing but a little time to go after them. 
Many people like to get something for nothing. Here 
is a chance. The berries are not usually as large as 
the cultivated varieties, but the flavor is frequen&iy 
better. Better have these than hone. Let the boy 
take his first lesson in horticulture by setting them out 
and taking care of them. Let him see how they prop 
agate by branching in the fa'l and taking root at sev 
eral places at the tips. Each one of 1 hese tips may be 
taken up the following spring and be used to start a 
new plant. The plants should have been marked while 
in fruit for transplanting, but had better be done now 
than not at all. 

Then there are currants, gooseberries, pears, peaches 
and quinces to follow later on. 



What kind of literature are you reading these win 
ter evenings f 

Do you read the bulletins issued by the United 
States Department of Agriculture ? If not, why ? 

Are you deriving any benefit from the State Depart 
ment of Agriculture? Have jou read the bulletins 



issued by the Commissioner of Agriculture, Rich 
mond, Va. If not, why not ? 

Are you deriving any benefit from the Virginia Ag- 
ricultural Experiment Station, Blasksburg, Va. 1 If 
not, why not? Is your name on the mailing list for 
the various bulletins issued to farmers free. If not, 
write a postal card row to any of the three depart- 
ments mentioned above and ask to have your name 
and address placed on the regular mailing list for free 
bulletins. As my farm is only ten miles from the Vir- 
ginia Experiment Station, I may have more to say 
about this institution in a future issue. 



Have you left any of the tools out in the damp win- 
ter weather. If so, they will help to bring on a good 
crop of farm mortgages. I believe, as a rule, more 
tools rust out and rot out in Virginia and other South- 
ern farms than are worn out. I know this is a strong 
statement, but according to my own experience as a 
Virginia farmer and my observation in extensive travel 
over the Southern States, this conclusion has forced 
itself upon my mind. 

Take those tools in out of the wet. Bepa'r them. 
Give the wood work a ccat of paint and the iron and 
steel parts that go into the ground, on such tools as 
shovels, hoes, plows and cultivators, a good coat of 
linseed oil. This will help to keep rust away and 
thus enable the tools to shed the dirt better in the 
spring. Clean tools will save the temper of the man. 



Clean up the gardens. When harvesting some cabbage 
and turnips from my garden in November, I noticed 
many lice on the roots of the turnips and on the heads 
of some cabbage. I will not leave a single plant for 
these pests to winter on. An attempt will be made 
to starve them out in the dead of winter. All the 
weed seed that I can get together will be burned. The 
idea being that it is easier to burn a weed seed or an 
insect egg in the winter than it is to pull a weed up 
during a hot summer day or feed the progeny of an 
insect. Of course, an attempt was made to prevent 
these parasites multiplying during the summer, but 
the warfare must be kept up by the farmer. 

R. H. Price. 

This Department will have contributions each month 
from Prof. E. H. Price, of Montgomery county, Va., 
who has had much experience as a practical farmer 
and horticulturist in this State, as well as having had 
charge of the Horticultural Department of the Texas 
Agricultural Experiment Station during the past ten 
years. 



When corresponding with advertisers mention the 

Southern Planter. 



10 



THE SOUTHERN PLASTER 



[January 



VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Report of Annual Meeting. 



The Annual Meeting of the Virginia State Horti 
cultural Society was held in the Masonic Hall, Lynch 
burg, on December 2nd and 3rd, with a large attend- 
ance. A most interesting programme was presented, 
and discussed in a spirited manner. Local members 
brought specimens of apples, pears, peaches and some 
very fine vegetables. The Society had purchased a 
box of the highest grade Pacific Coast apples to be 
had in New York market as a comparison with oar 
own, and also to show the Pacific Coast methods of 
packing and grading. These apples were of the Spit 
zenberg variety and sold iu New York for $3.75 per 
bushel box. They did not compare with the Virginia 
fruit on the tables in either appearance or flavor. Mr. 
Collingwood, editor of the Rural New Yorker, who was 
present as one of the speakers, said publicly that this 
was his first visit to Virginia, and that he had for 
years been attending meetings of various Societies in 
the Northern States, but that with the single excep 
tion of one exhibit in Maine he had never seen such 
fine apples ; they were perfect ; and he expressed sur 
prise that the people of Virginia did not let those 
outside the State know what fine fruit they had. He 
said it was our duty to advertise ourselves. 

The Society passed a resolutiou urgiDg the passage 
of a bill for an appropriation for St. Louis Expo- 
sition by the Legislature, and binding members of the 
Society to do all in their power to get petitions signed 
and forwarded from their respective counties to mem 
bers of the Legislature. 

President S. B. Woods urged the necessity of good 
roads, and the proposal to form an Appalachian 
Forest Eeserve by the Federal Government in Vir 
ginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, which were 
endorsed by the Society. 

Mr. H. P. Gould, of the United States Department 
of Agriculture, read an interesting paper on "Why 
Some Orchards Fail," and referred to the progress in 
development of the fruit industry, from the first or 
chards which were planted merely for cider. He im 
pressed the necessity of cultivation, spraying and in- 
telligent pruning. The subject of shipment of peaches 
and pears to Europe was taken up by Prof. W. A. 
Taylor, of the United States Department of Agricul 
ture, whose remarks were interesting and illustrated 
by statistical charts. 

Dr. M. L. McCue, a prominent and successful or 
chardist in Albemarle county, read an able paper on 
" Care of Orchards;" describing methods from plant- 
ing to;bearing stage. Prof. Alwood and Senator Lup- 
ton, of Winchester, gave an illustrative lecture on 



packing and grading fruits ; samples were shown of 
how apples should be graded, and various kinds of 
packages were exhibited. 

Mr. A. T. Todd, of Crozet, took up the subject of 
packing peaches in a similar manner- 
Mr. O'Eork, of Staunton, talked about the bye- 
products, evaporating, &c, showing the best means 
of utilizing what has usually been wasted. 

Prof. Alwood talked on canning, showing samples 
of product. 

Mr. Collingwood, editor of the Burnl New Yorker, 
spoke on Handling Fruit for New York markets. He 
is a most pleasing speaker, and during his long and 
interesting talk held the ciose attention of his audi- 
ence. His method of illustrating the points he desires 
to impress by humorous anecdotes was greeted with 
hearty laughter. His description of life in New York 
flats, with 1,600 people to the acre and twice that 
number in the tenement districts, gave an insight into 
an existence altogether unusual to his hearers. He 
showed how, under these conditions, the tendency was 
to smaller packages of fruit, and advocated the use of 
bushel and half bushel boxes instead of barrels for 
apples. He instanced the profitable business accom- 
plished by California under these conditions.- He said 
if they could buy our Winesap instead of the Ben Da- 
vis they now got they would appreciate red apples 
instead of shunning them as at present. 

A lengthy discussion followed Prof. Alwood's re- 
sume of San Jos6 scale work. Some members con- 
tended that the law had not been properly adminis- 
tered by the State Inspector, and the general feeling 
was that in its present condition it was not far-reach- 
ing enough, and also unworkable. 

A committee was appointed to present the views of 
the Society to the members of the Legislature and urge 
amendments in the law to make it meet the exigencies 
of the case, it being pointed out that if scale were 
discovered on our fruit in the larger markets, espe- 
cially New York, they would immediately quarantine 
against all Virginia fruit. 

Mr. W. Whately, of Crozet, secretary and treasu- 
rer, in his report, showed that the Society was making 
steady increase in membership each year, and showed 
a satisfactory balance in hand in his financial state- 
ment. 

The election of officers for 1903 resulted in Mr. W. 
W. Otey, of Pulaski county, taking the place of Mr. 
W. A. Francis, of Salem in the list of vice-presi- 
dents, the other officers being continued in office. Mr. 
Whately desired to resign the office of Secretary- 
Treasurer, but was unanimously voted id, and bowed 
to the will of the members. 

Interest in the meeting held to the last, the final 
session lasting up to 11 P. M., Mr. Collingwood giv- 



1003 J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



11 



lag a second talk, which was as popular as the one ear- 
lier in the day. 

Prof. Van Deman, who is always a favorite with Vir 
ginia horticulturists, was in attendance, and was sev- 
eral times a speaker, his remarks receiving the usual 
attention accorded to them. 

The Society was requested to meet at Charlottes- 
ville, Lynchburg, and Pulaski next year, the claims 
of each being warmly advocated, and after a spirited 
friendly contest, the members from the Southwest 
gained the victory they deserved, and Pulaski was de- 
cided on as the place of next meeting. 

The report of proceedings that will shortly be issued 
will be of even greater interest than its predecessors, 
which is saying a great deal. All members obtain 
copies free, and no horticulturist can afford to be with- 
out it. Annual membership being only $1.00 for each 
year, any one may be placed on the list by remitting 
this amount to Mr. Whately, Secretary -Treasurer, 
Crozet, Va. 



PECANS IN VIRQINIA. 



Editor Southern Planter : 

Believing your statement in the November issue, 
that the pecan is unsuitable for planting anywhere in 
Yirginia, is a mistake, which you would gladly cor 
rect, when convinced that you are in error ;" as well 
for the benefit of any of your subscribers who have 
planted the pecan, o r may be contemplating doing so, 
I enclose under another cover a copy of the Daily Ad 
vance, published here (Lynchburg), which contains 
facts in a leading editorial that somewhat combat 
your views as to the pecan. I will add that I lived 
at a place here on which was flourishing a pecan tree, 
that I believe is the largest tree of any kind in the 
city to day; and it has large crops of nuts each year. 
My boys sold most of them to Mr. Samuel A. Boyd, 
who was then, and had been for many years, the lead- 
ing confectioner here, and he told me on several occa 
sions that he preferred them to any he could buy on 
any other market because of their superior flavor and 
their shells, which were generally filled with sound 
kernels. 

Lynchburg, Va. J. D. Pendleton. 

In the article referred to, the editor of the Lynchburg 
Advance says : 

Our Georgia exchanges are having much to say about 
nut culture in that State, especially pecans. Experi- 
ments have proved that the pecan tree flourishes ad 
mlrably in Georgia and produces profitable crops. 
Groves have been planted in various localities, and 
some of them have already come into bearing, bring- 
ing handsome returns to the owners. It has been sug- 



gested that the tree would flourish in Virginia, but 
the Southern Planter discourages the attempt to grow 
them in the State, believing that the climate and soil 
are not suited to them. In the December number of 
the Planter, two correspondents take issue with that 
journal and tell of flourishing pecan trees in the coun- 
ties ol Prince William and Norfolk. In Norfolk coun- 
ty, there are two immense trees seven feet in diameter 
near the ground, which make admirable shade and 
produce nuts worth from $75 to $100 annually. The 
Planter replies that climatic conditions in Eastern Vir- 
ginia may suit this tree, but they will not thrive in 
Piedmont Virginia. Now, we can tell the Planter of 
several flourishing pecan trees in Lynchburg, one of 
them, two and a half feet in diameter, has been bear- 
ing abundant crops for years. The other two are 
younger, and not so large. There is another big tree 
in the country, not far from the city, which has been 
bearing good nuts for years — so the tree will grow in 
Piedmont Virginia. But we agree with the Planter 
that it is not its proper habitat, and it would not be 
well to go into the business of raising pecans here. 



NUr-Q ROWING IN VIRGIaIA, 

Editor Southern Planter : 

I was much interested in reading the experience of 
your correspondents who have attempted the raising 
of nuts. 

If of interest, my experience is as follows : 

Some twelve years since, I purchased from a New 
Jersey nurseryman ten trees of each of the following 
varieties: Japan Chestnut, Pecan and English Wal" 
nut. Three of the Pecans are alive to day — one 20 
feet, one 15, one 8 feet high — but none have ever set 
fruit, although they are strong hardy trees. 

Of the English walnuts, five are living, one of which 
is ten feet high ; the others have made but little 
growth, although all are apparently thrifty, but no 
fruit has set on any of them. 

Of the Japan chestnuts, six are living, several of 
which have made a satisfactory growth, and two of 
them have been bearing for several years. One of 
these produced a gallon of nuts last season. 

As for filberts, I imported with other trees some 30 
years ago two trees from England. They send up 
shoots from the root, but have never matured a fruit* 

All of these trees were planted in fine rich soil, 
and, after a year or two, the blue grass was allowed to 
grow about the trees, as they were planted in the house 
grounds. My farm is four miles north of James river 
at Scottsville. 

Albemarle Co.,Va. W. G. M. 



Mention the Planter when corresponding with ad- 
vertisers. 



12 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTEE. 



[Januaiy 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



THE DAIRY BREEDS OF CATTLE. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

In naming ibe dairy breeds of cattle, as distinct 
from beef breeds and dnal or general purpose cattle, 
those races only should be considered which have 
well established reputations for the profitable pro 
duction of milk. Other desirable qualities may be 
ignored. As thus defined and known in America, 
the dairy breeds are the Ayrshires, Guernsey s, Hoi 
steins, and Jerseys. It other parts of the world weie 
searched, a few additional breeds might be found hav 
ing claim to .recognition in this list. Bepresentatives 
of some of these are occasionally seen in this country, 
but none have made any serious impr«ss upon our 
dairy industry, aod they are not likely to do so. Their 
reputation is limited, and however meritorious they 
may be locally, there is not sufficient cause for de 
scribing theni in this connection. 

The four breeds named all produce thrifty calves 



tained fixed characteristics of great dairy excellence. 
They are medium sized cattle, muscular and active, 
the best of foragers, and accustomed, in their native 
country, to subsisting on pasturage in summer and 
almost exclusively upon hay and straw in the winter. 
Ayrshire cows may be fairly said to excel the other 
dairy races in earning their living under difficulties 
and giving a profit upon the roughest forage. They 
are naturally hardy and admirably adapted to grazing 
over wide ranges of broken and rugged pastures. 
While they respord to good care and pay well for it, 
they are comparatively indifferent to exposure and in- 
clement wea'her. Bred to abundant air and exercise, 
they soon show the ill effects of too close housing and 
crowding in ill ventilated stables. No breed i^ hardier 
if rationally treated, and none succumbs sooner to un- 
sanitary conditions. 

The general form of the Ayrshire is the wedge- 
shape — regarded as typical of cows of dairy excel- 




AYRSH!^ COW 

•'VIOLA DRUMMOND 




■when properly treated, and, although some of them 
are small, they make good veal. Steers from them 
can be raided at a profit, but not as economically as 
from other breeds. Young bulls and young females, 
non breeders or dairy failures (the "black sheep" 
which occasionally appear in every flock), can be 
readily turned into excellent beef. But aged animals, 
which have served their purpose as breeders and 
dairy producers, cmnot be profitably fatted. None 
of these side issues should be depended upon for in 
come. If entitled to be called dairy cattle, the cows 
should be capable of such profit during their years of 
dairy production as to render ofher considerations in- 
significant, except the rearing of enough selected 
calves to maintain the composition of the herd. 
Ayrshires. 
The Ayrshire breed has been developed within a 
century in the southwestern part of Scotland and at 



lence— and they are short legged and fine boned. The 
face is usually rather long and straight, but clean and 
fine, with a full growth of born which curves outward, 
then inward, and turns well up, with tips inclined 
backward. This gives an upright and bold appear- 
ance to the whole head. A black muzzle is the rule, 
although white seems to be no challenge of purity of 
blood. The eye is peculiarly bright, with a quick 
movement indicating extreme watchfulness. The 
whole appearance is of a highly nervous tempera- 
ment. The prevailing color of the body is red and 
white, variously proportioned and in spots, not mixed. 
Probably three fourths of all this race of cattle can be 
thus described in color. A generation ago the dark 
markings predominated, but there has lately been a 
strong trend towards more white, especially in Can- 
ada. The red is sometimes bright, but often of a rich, 
sherry brown, like the shell of a home chestnut. 



1903 J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



13 



Hometimes the color is a dull brown, and occasionally 
n brindle appears. Nearly all the good animals of 
Ihe breed have broad, flaf, well-arched ribs, giving 
room for capacious digestive apparatus. The udder 
dixtends both forward and back, is held well up, has a 
broad attachment to the body and a level bottom line. 
It is a snug, compact organ, admirably fitted by its 
ishape and elasticity for the elaboration and storage of 
milk, and when the glands are at rest, it occupies but 
little space. The teats are small and cylindrical 
rather than cone shaped. In many cases the teats are 
too small for comfortable milking, but careful breed 
ors have remediei this defect, and whole herds can be 
found with superb udders and teats of good size. 

The Ayrshire cow is a large and persistent milker, 
although she usually demands a dry season of six to 
eight weeks before calving. A. yield of 5 500 lbs. a 
year as the average for a working herd is often real 
ized. Records of eighteen well managed herds, col 
lected from different sections and averaging twelve 



special reputation which this breed has enj>jed as 
superior cheese makers is not sustained by the facts. 
In the hands of capable makers, Ayi shire milk will 
make little if any more cheese from a given weight 
than will the milk of other breeds. Yet, the uniform 
distribution of fat is an advantage, and there is less 
liability to lose fat in converting this milk into cheese 
i,han in the case of richer milk with fat globules larger 
:md more irregular in size. 

Guernseys. 
Guernseys originated upon and are imported from 
ijhe second in size of the Channel Islands, lying be- 
tween England and France. The early importations 
t;o this country were not well distinguished from the 
Jersey, and all these island cattle were indiscrimi- 
nately and incorrectly called "Aldernejs." About 
thirty years ago the Guernseys became recognized in 
America as a distinct breed. Since that time theie 
have been importations nearly every year, and the 
breed has steadily increased in numbers in this coun- 




cows each, show an annual average product of 5,412 
lbs. One noted herd, averaging fourteen cows in milk, 
has an unbroken record for twenty years with an aver 
age yield of 6,427 lbs. a year to the cow. One year 
the average was 7,000 lbs. Single cows have pro 
duced 10,000 and even 12,000 lbs. of milk. Butter 
records are not numerous, but the milk of the herd 
referred to averages over 4 per cent, of fat, and the 
cows from 244 to 512 lba. of butter each, with an aver- 
age of 353 lbs. There are single authentic records of 
over 600 lbs. of butter in a year. The milk of this 
breed is not exceptionally rich, but rather above the 
nverage of cows, or 3£ to 4 per cent, fat for mixed 
herd milk throughout the year. The fat globules are 
small and very even in size, so that cream rises slow 
ly ; it has comparatively little color. The Ayrshire 
is therefore not a first class butter cow, but its product 
is admirably suited for market milk, safely above 
legal standards, uniform and capable of long trans 
portation and rough handling without injury. A 



f^ry and as steadily gained in favor wherever intro- 
duced. There are now just as many Guernseys as 
Ayrshires on this continent, rough estimates placing 
the number of each at 25,000. 

The Guernseys are a size larger than the Jerseys, 
with which race they can best be compared, and are 
stronger boned and coarser in appearance. But the 
cows are generally handsome and attractive to the 
dairyman. They are claimed to be hardier and larger 
milkers, but both these points are stoutly denied. The 
one hundred best Jerseys in the United States are un- 
doubtedly the equals as dairy animals, in every re- 
spect, of the hundred best Guernseys. But the latter 
have been selected for importation with better judg- 
ment, and it is probably true that the average Guern- 
sey cow in this country to day is a better producer 
than the average Jersey. In other words, there are 
many more poor Jerseys than poor Guernseys. 

The head of the Guernsey is rather long, the neck 
slender, the body large, deep and rangey, the rump 



14 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



prominent, the flanks thin, thighs incurved and twist 
open and roomy. Altogether, the animal is at once 
recognized as businesslike and belonging to the pro 
nounced dairy type. The breed is almost always light 
in color, yellow and orange predominating, with con 
oiderable white, usually in large patches. Darker 
shades, approaching brown, are found upon some cows 
and often upon bulls. The muzzles are almost inva 
riably buff or flesh colored, surrounded by a fillet of 
almost white hair. Occasionally a black nose is found, 
showing the influence of some distant ancestor from 
Brittany, or snggestive of more recent exchange of 
compliments between the Jersey and Guernsey isles 
which have undoubtedly although rarely occurred. 
The horns are small, curved, fine, thin shelled and 
waxy in appearance ; they often show a deep, rich 
yellow for a third of their length from the base. A 
characteristic of the breed is a very generous secretion 
of yellow coloring matter which pertains to the whole 
skin, but is seen especially where the hair is white, in 



stated, in natural color. They may be especially 
recommended as batter cows, as well as for market 
milk where quality secures a relatively high price. 
They demand good treatment and liberal feeding, but 
are noted for rich production combined with economy 
of food. Prom 5,000 to 6,000 lbs. of milk per year 
should be expected and upwards of 300 lbs. of butter. 
One herd of over one hundred cows of all ages in this 
country gave 5,31.7 lbs. of milk and 318 lbs. of butter. 
Single cows have ranged up to 10,000 and 12,000 lbs. 
of milk a year and a few still more, producing 500 to 
750 and even 900 lbs. of butter. The mixed milk of 
this breed is often found to average 14 to 15 per cent, 
of total solids and 5 to 6J per cent, of fat. The 
globules are large and the cream separates easily. 

Guernsey bulls have proved extremely satisfactory 
in grading up a herd with fairly selected dairy cows 
of no particular breeding ; the offspring usually make 
very acceptable dairy stock. Guernseys have not yet 
been largely introduced in the South, and will deserve 




the ears, around the eyes and about the udder. The 
bright golden undertone of the white parts of the 
body, when in strong light, is often very noticeable. 
This gives a distinctive "richness" to the animal, and 
causes the milk and butter produced to be of a higher 
color at all seasons of the year than that of any other 
breed. A single Guernsey cow will give color and 
attractive tone to the milk and butter of a dozen cows 
of kinds deficient in this respect. The udder and 
teats are large and well shaped and placed in selected 
specimens, but these and other dairy markings do not 
appear to be as uniformly fixed throughout the breed, 
as in the case of Jerseys, which have been subjected 
to a larger course of careful breed development. The 
cows possess a highly nervous temperament, and yet 
are extremely quiet and gentle when properly handled. 
Much less trouble is reported in the management of 
aged bulls than with Jerseys of like age. 

The cows of the breed produce liberal quantities of 
milk, of uncommon richness in butter fat, and, as 



more attention in this section. 

Holsteins. 

Holsteins is the popular name for the strongly- 
marked black- and white cattle of North Holland and 
Friesland, although the herd book title is Holstein- 
Priesians. They constitute one of the very oldest and 
most notable breeds of cattle. Holland has been 
famous for dairy products for at least a thousand 
years, and the great bicolored beasts upon which this 
reputation has been gained have been slowly but 
surely developing their present form of dairy ex- 
cellence. 

The large frame, strong bone, abundance of flesh 
(particularly in the males and all young), silken coat, 
extreme docility aud enormous milk yield of these 
cattle, result from the rich aud luxurious herbage of 
the very fertile and moist lands upon which the breed 
has been perfected, the close housing and uncommonly 
good care given them for half the year, and the inti- 
mate association of people and cattle. The striking 



1903] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



15 



features in the appearance of this breed, are the color 
markings and the great size of both sexes. The shining 
jet black contrasts vividly with the pure white — the 
fine silky hair being upon a soft and mellow skin of 
medium thickness. In some animals, the black pre 
dominates and the white in others. Black has been 
rather preferred among American breeders, yet a few 
noted animals have been mainly white. The average 
animal carries more black th»n white, and the mark 
ings are extremely irregular. The black and white 
are never mixed, the lines of demarcation being usu 
ally sharply drawn. The Holsteins are much the 
largest of all the dairy breeds. The big, bony frames 
are well filled, and the chest, abdomen and pelvic re 
gion fully developed. Cows range in weight from 
1,000 to 1,500 lbs., with an average of 1,200 or more. 
Bulls at maturity often exceed 2,500 lbs. in weight. 

The head is long, rather narrow and bony, with 
bright yet quiet eyes and large nostrils and mouth. 
The horns are small and fine, often incurving and fre- 



above their own live weight in milk monthly for ten 
or twelve consecutive months. There are authentic 
instances of daily yields of 100 lbs. or more for sev- 
eral days, and 20,000 to 30,000 lbs. of milk in a year. 
Cows giving 40 to 60 lbs. per day are regarded as 
average animals, and 8,000 lbs. or more per year is 
depended upon as a herd average. One herd record 
for four years, gives twelve cows an average of 8,805 
lbs. a year. The milk of the large producers is often 
thin, low in percentage of total solids, and deficient in 
fat. The cows have been favorites for the milk sup- 
ply business, but it is frequently found expedient to 
mix in more or less milk of Guernsey or Jersey blood, 
to add color and meet standard requirements. There 
are families of Holsteins, however, and single animals 
are numerous, which give milk of average richness 
and are large butter producers. Cows have frequently 
made 15 to 25 lbs. of butter a week, and 30 lbs. in a 
few cases, with even 1,000 lbs. or more in a year. The 
milk of the breed is characterized by fat globules of 




quently white with black tips. The ears are large, 
thin and quick in movement. The neck is long, 
slender and the upper line often concave, in the cows. 
The back line is usually level, particularly with the 
males, and the hips broad and prominent; some have 
well-rounded buttocks, but a drooping rump is not un 
common. The legs appear small for the weight car 
ried, and are quite long; the tail is long and fine and 
a white brush is required. The udder is often of ex- 
traordinary size, extending high behind but not always 
well forward, with teats well placed and very large, 
sometimes uncomfortably so. The milk veins are 
prominent and in some cases remarkably developed. 
In temperament, these animals are quiet and docile, 
the bulls in particular. They have great constitu 
tional vigor, in their capacity as feeders and in their 
large size at birth and very strong and thrifty growth 
of the calves. 

Holstein cows yield milk in conformity to their 
size ; they are famous for enormous production. 
Records are numerous of cows giving an average 



small and uniform size, separating slowly by the 
gravity method of creaming and having a very pale 
color. 

Holsteins have done well in the South where, in- 
stead of depending upon pasture and with much ex- 
posure to the sun, they have been kept stabled and 
generously fed. A cow bred and raised in Texas, 
when five years old and 1,350 lbs. in weight, made a 
record of 707 lbs. of milk in seven days, which pro- 
duced 22 lbs. of butter, and in one month, 2,958 lbs. 
of milk containing fat equivalent to 86 lbs. of 80 per 
cent, butter. 

Jersbys. 

Jerseys were built up into a distinct breed, from a 
foundation of French cattle, by a long course of skill- 
ful breeding, upon the largest and most southern of 
the islands of the English Channel. Early in the 
eighteenth century steps were taken to prevent out- 
side cattle coming to Jersey, and in 1779 a law was 
made, which is claimed to have been rigidly enforced 
ever since, prohibiting under heavy penalties the land- 



16 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



f Januaiy 



ing upon the island of any live animals of the bovine 
race. Jerseys have, therefore, been purely bred for a 
longer time than any other breed of British origin. 
They were brought to the United States first from 
fifty-five to seventy years ago as "Alderney cattle," 
and this name is still somewhat used. Bat it is wholly 
wrong ; Alderney is an insignificant little island with 
no breed of cattle of its own. There is really no such 
thing as an Alderney cow. 

Jerseys are the smallest in average size of the four 
dairy breeds. The cows range from 700 to 1,050 lbs. 
weight and the bulls from 1,200 to 1,600, and some 
times 1,800 lbs. Yet there are herds which, by careful 
management, have been brought to an average of over 
1,000 lbs. for mature cows. In color, this breed varies 
more than any other. For a time, there wa3 a craze 
for "solid colored" animals in this country, and some 
persons have the idea that no pure Jersey has white 
upon it. This is a great mistake ; all of the earliest 
imported were broken in oolor, and there have always 
been such among the noted cows. Pure Jersejs are of 
all shades of brown to deep black and of various shades 
of yellow, fawn and tan colors to a creamy white; also 
mouse color or squirrel gray, some light red and a few 
brindle. With all these colors and shades, there may 
be more or less white, in large patches or small and on 
any part of the animal. Bulls are darker in color 
than cows of the same families. There are always 
signs or markings about a pure Jersey, or a high 
grade, irrespective of its color and hard to describe, 
by which the blood is plainly shown. 

The head of the Jersey is small, short, broad, lean, 
and the face generally dished. The muzzle, including 
under lip, is black or a dark lead color, surrounded 
by a mealy fillet of light skin and hair. Occasionally 
a buff nose is found, but objected to as showing a 
probable infusion of Guernsey blood, although per- 
haps very distant. The eyes are wide apart, bright 
and prominent; the horns small, waxy, with thin 
skulls, often tipped with black and much crumpled. 
Ears small and delicate ; neck clean ; legs fine and 
short ; body well rounded with capacity for food and 
breeding ; tail long and fine with a full brush often 
reaching the ground, and black, white or mixed. The 
skin is mellow or loose, with fine, silky hair. The 
udder is of good size, more pendulent than in the 
Ayrshire and with quarters more distinctly defined. 
Teats sometimes small and conically inclined. The 
square, close, "Ayrshire udder" is also found, well- 



a golden hue to the butter. But this attribute is by 
no means as pronounced or as general in the breed aa 
with Guernseys, and in some Jersey families it is de- 
ficient. Jerseys are irregular and sharp in outline, 
being picturesque rather than symmetrical, with the 
spare habit of flesh which is deemed favorable to dairy 
quality and enough muscular development for healthy 
activity and full digestive force. They are light, 
quick and graceful in movement. 

For generations Jerseys have been bred almost ex- 
clusively for butter. In America, breeders have suc- 
ceeded in increasing the milk yield while maintaining 
its high quality. Three and four gallons a day are 
common yields — not infrequently five; and these cows 
are noted for persistence and great evenness of product 
through a long season. Dairy records are numerous. 
Ten herds selected as having average dairy farm con- 
ditions, include 140 cows and cover six years; the an- 
nual milk product per cow was 5,157 lbs., yielding 293 
lbs. of butter. One of three herds had twenty five 
cows of all sizes with a continuous record of seven 
years ; the annual average was 5,668 lbs. of milk and 
342 lbs. of butter per cow. Several herds for shorter 
periods show averages of 6,000 and 7,000 lbs. Single 
cows are on record as producing 10,000, 12,000 and 
several over 15,000 lbs. of milk in a year. The char- 
acteristic of the milk of this breed is a high percentage 
of total solids, with 4 to 5 per cent, of fat as usual, and 
higher in many instances. The butter globules vary 
in size, but a great proportion are large and the cream 
separates readily. Butter records are correspondingly 
large ; good herds yield 350 to 400 lbs. for every milk- 
ing animal. Individual cases are authenticated by 
the hundreds of cows making 15 to 20 lbs. of butter a 
week, with numerous records of 25 to 30 lbs. Several 
yearly tests have resulted in 800 to over 1,000 lbs. of 
butter from one cow in twelve months. 

Jersey cattle are of the nervous order of tempera- 
ment, highly developed. They are excitable for cause, 
but the females are very placid and docile when prop- 
erly treated. The bulls have the reputation of being 
fractious and difficult to handle after attaining matu- 
rity; this is largely a matter of early training and 
judicious management. The cows of this breed are 
heavy feeders with great capacity for assimilation. 
They have strong constitutions, and will bear forced 
feeding for long periods uncommonly well. In the 
good animals all the extra food is converted into 
milk. The Jersey cow is essentially a machine for 
nigh perfect. Milk veins are frequently highly ^fr-L^pducing milk and butter, responds readily to varied 



veloped, tortuous and knotty. This breed is smBbA 
only to the Guernsey in the abundant secretion of col 
oring matter, which shows itself on the skin on differ- 
ent parts of the body, makes the fat of the carcass a 
deep orange, gives a rioh tint to milk and cream and 



treatment, and is remarkably adaptable to widely dif- 
ferent conditions. The breed has been generally dis- 
tributed in the South, and has done well in every 
State. Yet, there are far too many kept solely be- 
cause of purity and pedigree, and without profit; the 



1W3.] 



THB SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



17 



dairy performance of such animals does not justify 
their existence 01 reproduction. 
Grade Cows. 

Grade cows of all four of these breeds are eminently 
satisfactory as dairy animals. Any herd of mixed 
blood, with fair dairy qualities, can be rapidly built 
up and improved by the use of a well selected, pure 
bred bull from any one of the four. They all seem to 
cross advantageously upon what is called " native 
stock" and upon females having a perceptible grade, 
or more, of Shorthorn or Durham blood. Guernsey 
*nd Jersey grades are especially satisfactory as dairy 
cows. But the pure animals of these strongly bred 
races do not generally cross well among themselves. 
The Holsteins are very prepotent, and stamp their 
-characteristics upon all their grades and crosses, yet 
they seldom "nick" well with pure animals of the 
■other three breeds. The Guernseys and Jerseys mix 
well, but without improvement upon the parents of 
either side. The Ayrshire sire does not cross well 
with any of the others. A very superior dairy animal 
is, however, the usual result of crossing a good Jersey 
«ire with an Ayrshire dam. 

It is gratifying to note that while the creation or de 
velopment of these four breeds of dairy cattle must be 
credited to foreign countries, every one of them has 
been improved under the conditions and management 
which they have received in the United States. With 
the possible exception of the Ayrshire, all have been 
subjected and made adaptable to far greater variations 
of climate, food and general environ merit than in their 
native countries, and have here made records of dairy 
performances exceeding anything known among their 
progenitors or the cotemporary non-imported animals 
of their respective breeds. 

COMPARISONS OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AT 

PUBLIC TESTS. 
I. — Summary of Results of Ninety Day Butter Test at the 

World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, June, July, 

August, 1893. 



Cowa in Test. 


a 
o 

a 

— 9 


.si 


c5° 


m <0 

s« 

£° 

Dollars. 

1,747.37 
1.355 14 


■** 

GO 

O 

O 
Dollars. 

587.50 
4^4 14 


a 
'3 
O 

03 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Dollars. 


25 Gnernspvo... 


73 489 
61.7X2 


3,516 

•>.7>5 


4,274 
3.36« 


1,323 81 

997 H4 



II. — Summary of Results of Six Months Test, Showing Profit 
on Butter Product, Estimated From Fat. 

Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, May 1-Oct. 31, 1901. 



Cows in Test. 



5 Ayrshires.. 

6 Guernseys. 
4> Holstein-.. 

Friesians 



5 Jerwvs 1 28.985 



-d 


it 


£.0 


t5 




% 3 
cSIQ 


— ** 
03 — 

2 " J 


0J 

o 


^ ■"' 


a io 




.gP-l 


on -, 




09 

o 
O 


52,996 


1,43 > 


8358.59- 


$139.84 


27,167 


1,459 


367.21 


136.86 


59,249 


1,501 


375.17 


164.14 


1 28.985 


1.454 


36!.2I 


137 74 



543 M 



{21875 
230.35 

211.03 

•>■>.=> 47 



Note.— The Holstein Friesians and Jerseys were Canadian 
cattle, and not furnished or endorsed by the regular American 
Associations of breeders. 

III. — Average Composition of Milk of Different Breeds. 

[ From a Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment 
Station, 1891.] 



Breed. 



Ayrshires - 

Guernseys 

Holsteiu- 

Friesians 
Jerseys 



00* 




BB 
















•o 


* 










3 <* 




— "o 
os as 


GO 

^ b 




a 

'5 


6/ 
J4l£ 




252 


03 


o 
H 

13106 


9.35 


03 

3.57 


QD 
03 
O 

3 43 


5.33 


OS 

698 


86 95 


112 


85.39 


14.60 


9.47 


5.12 


3.61 


5.11 


.753 


132 


87 62 


12.39 


9.07 


3.46 


3.39 


4.84 


.735 


238 


84.60 


15 Ml 


9 80 


5.61 


3 91 


5.15 


.74.; 



CI 
01 
60 
O 



543 
570 

540 
.618 



Henry E. Alvoed, 
Chief Dairy Division, Bureau Animal Industry. 
Spring Hill Farm, Fairfax Co., Va. 

Note.— In preparing the foregoing, much has been taken, in 
a somewhat condensed form, from Farmers' Bulletin No. 106, of 
the U. S. Department of Agriculture, by the same writer. It 
is neither tasy nor desiiable to describe the same thing twice 
without largely making use of the same language. 



THE DUAL-PURPOSE BREEDS OF CATTLE. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

The lerm "dual purpose breeds" of course means the 
two purpose breeds — that is to say, breeds which are 
adapted to the production of both meat and milk. In 
the current agricultural literature of the day, for the 
two decades subsequent to 1880, the place for such a 
cow on the farm was said not to exist. This at least 
was true of nearly all the agricultural literature pro- 
duced in America. It was true also of nearly all the 
platform teaching on agriculture during the same pe- 
riod. The very idea of a place for the dual-pa- pose 
cow was only mentioned to be held up to ridicule. The 
dual purpose cow, or, as she was then called, the gen- 
eral purpose cow, was denounced as a ''delusion, a 
myth, and a snare " To try to get milk from such a 
cow was compared to hunting prairie chickens with 
bull pups or seeking a winning trotting horse in a 
Norman. 

Ex Governor HoaTd was a leader in this cru-ade, 
and the signal ability as an advocate shown by this 
splendid man gave great impetus to the acceptance 
and extension of the unfortunate heresy. This flood 
of false teaching was greatly accelerated in its progress 
by depression in the prices of meat. The result was 
that many of the best herds of dual-purpose cattle in 
the land were so crossed with dairy blood that the 
ability to produce beef was greatly weakened, a blun- 
der which the owners are now trying to rtctiiy by 
nsing bulls of the dual types. It would be interesting 
could the facts be ascertained to know how many tens 



18 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 




Grade Shorthorn Cow Duchbss. 

Weight in fair flesh 1,550 lbs. 

Milk in one year 9,628 lbs. 

Butter in one year , 439.83 lbs. 

Average test 4.4 per cent, butter fat. 

This cow ate during the year $33.93 worth of feed, and her products were 
valued at $101.00, leaving a profit of $67.07. The average cost of each pound 
of butter produced during the year was 7.7 cents. 



of millions of dollars this false teaching eost the farmers 
of this country. 

The faith of the writer on this question is as follows: 
I believe in a special dairy cow. She includes the 
Holstein, Dutch Belted, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey, 
French Canadian and Kerry of the pedigreed breeds 
in America. Her place is on farms where cattle are 
kept almost entirely for the dairy products which they 
furnish, or in the stable of the individual who keeps 
but one cow. I believe in the special beef cow. Her 
place is on the range, or on the large farm where clr 
cu instances forbid the milking of the cows by hand. 
Her domain in America has probably more than at 
tained a maximum, since large farms are being divided. 
I believe in the dual-purpose cow. Her place is on 
the arable farm, where the farmer is not a dairyman 
in the special sense, and where production is suffi 
oiently ample to justify the reariug of steers for beef. 
This means that there is a place for her on probably 
two-thirds of the farms of the United States, and that 
on theie she can be reared more profitably than either 
of the other two classes of cows. 



There are in America five pedigreed breeds of dual- 
purpose cows. These are the Shorthorn, the Polled 
Durham, the Brown Swiss, the Red Poll and the Devon. 
E ich of these will be considered below. In the mean- 
time, it may be said that the dual-purpose cow is at 
present far more numerously represented in the graded 
than in the pure bred form. In the grade form, she 
may be possessed of various blood elements, but by 
far the larger number of grade dual purpose cows are 
grade Shorthorns. This is due in part at least to the 
fact th*t Shorthorns iu the pure form are far more 
nu merous relatively thao any of the other dual-purpose 
breeds, and they have been in the country for a much 
longer period. 

These grade dual purpose cattle may be known by 
the following indications as to form : 1. Medium to 
large size for the breed or grade. 2. Good length and 
depth in the coupling, especially in the females. 3. 
Good development of udder and milk veins. 4. Good 
constitution as indicated by good width through the 
heart. 5. Head and neck inclining to long and fine ; 
and 6. Bibs of medium spring, open spaced and cov- 



1903.J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



It 



ered with a good handling skin. In the pnre form, 
these cows have essentially the same characteristics as 
to form, but with some differences pertaining to breed 
peculiarities. The more minute indications of correct 
form and function in detail cannot be given within 
the limits of this paper, but the reader who wishes to 
pursue further this phase of the question will find 
such details stated with considerable fulness in the 
book, "The Study of Breeds," by the writer. 

Shorthorns. 

The Shorthorns of one hundred years ago were good 
milkers. They were generally good milkers. This 
cannot be said of them to-day, but it can be said of 
many of them. That they are not generally good milk 
ers is not the fault of the breed, but of the breeders. 
In America, the practice has been general of rearing 
the calves on the dams, a practice which, if long con 
tinned, will injure the milking qualities of any breed. 
Notwithstanding, the average milking capacity of the 
Shorthorn is unquestionably higher than the average 
of what are known as the distinctive beef breed. In 
Great Britain are some herds noted for the abundance 
of milk production which they possess. They have 
been milked for successive generations. In the United 
States are a few such herds, and in coming days these 
will be multiplied. But few doors stand »o widely 
open a*} the present time and are so full of promise as 
that which forms the avenue to the breeding of milk- 
ing Shorthorns. 

In the grade form good milking cows, essentially 
Shorthorn, can be found in almost any of the States 
north, east and west in considerable numbers. A good 
judge of the dual form can pick them up with safety, 
even though he should not be able to find out particu 
larly about the breeding. The owners of such cows 
will not part with them unless paid a higher price 
than they would ask for other cows in their herds, 
and this shows very clearly the estimate in which they 
hold them. 

The testing of Shorthorn grades in this country as 
to their milking capacity has only been attempted by 
a limited number of experiment stations. Foremost 
among these are those of Iowa and Wisconsin. The 
results in both instances were extremely satisfactory. 
It was found that Shorthorn grade cows not only pro 
duced as much butter per year as the best dairy cows 
obtainable, but they also produced it about as cheap 
ly; and while thus producing milk they gave birth 
to calves which were grown into beef of the finest 
quality, and which brought top prices in the market. 
The particulars relating to these investigations may be 
obtained by writing to the stations which conducted 
them. It is to be hoped that those testi will be con- 
tinued at the stations named; and that other experi- 
ment stations will take up the same line of testing. 



No more important line of work could be engaged in 
by these institutions. 

Polled Durhams. 
As is generally known, the Polled Durhams are of 
two distinct lines of ancestry. One of these is pure 
Shorthorn ; the other is essentially Shorthorn — that is 
to say, it is the outcome of sucaessive crosses of pure 
Shorthorn bulls upon muley cows of good size and 
form, and on their hornless progeny. These muley 




Polled Durham.— Goodness 15th, bred by J. H. Miller, 
Peru, Ind. 

cows, when the crossing was begun some thirty years 
ago, were possessed of good milking properties, or at 
least many of them were. The former are Shorthorn 
in all characteristics excapt that they have no horns. 
The latter are essentially Shorthorn, and do not differ 
from the former in essential characteristics except in 
so far as their milking qualities are superior, because 
of inheritance of the same from the old muley ances- 
try on the side of the dams. To these general state- 
ment* there will be some exceptions caused chiefly by 
the way in which the herds have been bred and han- 
dled. Where the herds have been milked, the milk- 
ing qualities of th9 muley foundation have been im- 
proved upon rather than injured. 

Brown Swiss 

Brown Swiss cattle are pretty uniformly good milk- 
ers. They have borne this character for generations. 
They are also good for beef production, but nofc quite 
so good, relatively, as for milk production. They are 
of good size, and they grow quickly. The steers at- 
tain to good weights, but the bone is a little strong for 
best results in beef making ; and yet, for this purpose, 
they answer far better than any of the straight dairy 
breeds. On the continent of Europe, it would proba- 
bly be correct to say that this breed of cows is more 
popular than any other. They have onlv been in the 
United States for about three decades, and yet they 
are now found in a majority of the States. 

The breeders of Brown Swiss cattle in the United 



20 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 




Brown Swiss Cow Muotto. 



States have not, in many instances, paid that atten 
tion to the maintenance and improvement of the milk- 
ing qualities of their herds which should have been 
given to this feature. Many of them have committed 
the egregious mistake of suckling the calves upon the 
dams, a process which, if long continued, will injure 
the milking qualities of any breed. In the United 
States, milk records have not been kept of the per 
formance of herds in milk production to the same ex 
tent as with the Red Polls and some other breeds ; and 
where these have been kept, comparatively little effort 
has been made to place the results before the public 
The breeders will say that they rely upon the merits 
of their cattle to do this, but they forget the important 
truth when they talk thus that merit properly placed 
before the public will accomplish much more for a 
breed than merit hidden in various little corners. The 
Brown Swiss cow Brienz No. Ib8, in a public test in 
Chicago, 1891, produced 245 pounds of milk in three 
days, which contained 9.32 pounds of butter fat. Good 
herds of Brown Swiss cattle will easily average 6,000 
pounds of milk in a year. 

Red Polls. 
The Red Polls originated in the counties of Norfolk 
and Suffolk, England. Their introduction into and 
diffusion through the various States has been chiefly 
made through the last three decades. They are rapid 
ly growing in popularity. There is unquestionably a 
fine future before thia breed in the United States. They 
are already found in a large majority of the States in 
the Union. 



Red Polls are not so large as Shorthorns, but are 
somewhat larger than the Devons. The average of a 
mature cow would be somewhere in the vicinity of 
1,200 pounds. They are of sufficient refinement in 
form, and, as the name implies, are red in color and 
polled. 

The dual quality in Red Polls has been more clear- 
ly established than in other breeds of the dual types — 
that is to say, the records of milk and meat produc- 




Red Poll Cow Baby Ruth, No. 8324. 

tion are more ample from which to draw conclusions. 
In England are many herds in which records have 
been kept of all the cows in the same for many succes 
sive years. Data is also accessible relating to the per- 
formance of many animals on the block and in the fat 
stoek shows. Whole herds, in some instances exceed- 



1W3.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



31 



ing 100 animals, have averaged from 5,000 to 6,000 
pounds of milk in a year. In several instances, cows 
hare produced more than 10,000 pounds per annum. 
From these same herds steers have been sent, from 
time to time, which have been winners at the Smith 
field in competition with steers of the strictly beef 
producing types. 

In the United States also in several instances Red 
Polled cows have produced more than 10,000 pounds 
of milk per annum. Notable among such producers 
was the cow Mayflower 12th in the herd of Captain 
V. T. Hills, Delaware, Ohio. In this herd the famous 
cow Mayflower 11th No. 2965, produced 62,858* 
pounds of milk in five years, a record that is proba 
bly unrivalled in the annals of milk production by 
one animal. It has also been found that Red Polled 
high grade steers properly fattened command top prices 
at the stock yards. 

Red Poll sires are also very satisfactory when used 
In grading by crossing them on common stocks. The 
progeny are polled, and the inheritance shows most 
strikingly the prepotent character of Red Poll trans- 
mission. This crossing should answer well on farms 
in the Atlantic and Southern States, as well as those 
North and West, since the Red Polls are somewhat 
less in size than Shorthorns. 

Devons. 

The Devons are a tidy little breed of cattle, which, 
as the name implies, originated in Devonshire, Eng- 
land. They were noted for meat and milk production 
more than a hundred years ago. They are the small 
est in size of all the dual-purpose breeds, and yet the 
average Devon cow matured and in good flesh should 
weigh about 1,000 pounds. They are a whole red in 
color, usually a dark red, and are neat in form. Com- 
pared with Shorthorns, they are less massive, some 
what finer in bone, longer relatively and finer in the 
nose, and have longer, finer and more upturned and 
spreading horns. They are also more active on foot. 
In New England, there are some fine herds of milk 
Ing Devons in the pure and also in the graded form. 
The same is true of Pennsylvania, Ohio and some 
other States. Some of these average more than 6,000 
pounds of milk of good quality per year. Many of 
the herds on the other hand have been grown only for 
beef and for successive generations. The milking 
qualities of these are not a little impaired. There is 
no question of the fact, however, that Devon cattle 
fatten readily and make an excellent quality of beef. 
They kill well — that is to say, the dressed meat in a 
carcass is relatively large. Owing to the want ol 
massiveness in the frame, and to the active habits of 
the Devon cattle, they have peculiar adaptation for 
broken and somewhat rugged pastures, and for condi- 



tions where production is not of the very best. There 
should be a large field for Devon cattle in the South- 
ern States. Mr. W. C. Edwards, of Rockland, Ontario, 
Canada, has one of the best herds of Shorthorns in 




Devon. 

Canada. He keeps them on productive land. He has 
also a good herd of Devons. He keeps them on rug- 
ged, hilly and rocky land. He told the writer some 
time ago that while the Devons did well under those 
conditions, he was satisfied that under the same con- 
ditions the Shorthorns would not be a success. 

It has been shown that there is a wide place for the 
dual purpose cow. It has been shown that we have 
dual purpose cows in the grade form and dual purpose 
breeds in the pure form. It has also been made appa- 
rent that because of well meant bub misleading teach- 
ing, during the last two decades the dual element in 
grade cows has gone backward rather than forward. 
Now that public sentiment is coming in like a flood in 
the opposite direction, how is the farmer to proceed 
who desires to build up a herd of dual-purpose cows! 
The plan is simple if the material can be found. Let 
him purchase dual-purpose cows of correct form 
wherever they can be found. He need not be much 
concerned about the blood elements if he can get cows 
of sufficient size and correct form. If these are con- 
siderably mixed, it will be no detriment to the work 
which he is trying to do. In making such purchases, 
the only outlay is for the animals. Nothing addi- 
tional has to be paid for blood. Thus far the work is 
easy. 

The next step is more difficult. It is not so easy to 
get suitable bulls. They should be chosen from the 
dual purpose breeds, and should invariably be purely 
bred and of good individuality. If from dams and 
grandams of snperior milking capacity, the writer 
would not object, though they should have a prepon- 
derance of leaning toward the beef form — that is, to 
the form that guards stamina and vigor. Any ten- 
dency toward undue fleshiness in the female progeny 



22 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER 



[January 



can be counteracted by selection. Continue to choose 
males thus, and from only one breed, and the result 
will be dual-purpose cattle. 

But it may be objected, will not a good many of the 
progeny be unsuited for retention in the herd? Cer- 
tainly, that is true of all breeding, but it may be ex- 
pected to lessen as this style of breeding, wisely con- 
ducted, progresses. Unsuitable animals will appear 
in all herds every season, na matter what the style 
of breeding, and when they do they must of course 
be sent to the block. These undesirable variations will 
decrease in proportion as line-bred and vigorous males 
are used. 

In the principles that govern the breeding of dual 
purpose cattle, there is nothing essentially difficult. 
In the practice, there is, at the present time. Sup- 
pose the individual fixes upon the Shorthorns, the 
Polled Durhams or the Devons from which to draw 
his bulls. In the United States it is not easy to find 
such bulls in these breeds, owing to the general trend 
of the breeding during recent ysars. But some of 
them can be found, and their relative numbers will 
increase since more and more attention is going to be 
given to the breeding of this class of cattle in the fu 
ture than in the past. The breeding of the dual type 
of Shorthorns will unquestionably have an important 
future in this country. It has had an important past 
in England, and it has an important present. 

In answer to the statement that dual purpose cattle 
cannot be bred as such, the existence of the Bed Poll 
and Brown Swiss breeds furnish sufficient evidence 
regarding its falsity. Here are two breeds that have 
possessed the quality for a long time, insomuch that it 
is stamped upon them as a characteristic. If dual types 
can be bred in one breed, they can also in another. 
And because of this fact, linked with the great de 
mand for such animals, the day is near when they will 
overshadow other types of cattle in this country on 
the arable farms. Thos. Sh^w, 

Recently Professor of Animal Husbandry at the 
University of Minnesota. 



SPECIAL BEEF BREEDS FOR SOUTHERN 
FARI1ERS. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Introduction. 
Cattle may be classified in one of two ways — either 
as natives, common or graded, and pure breds, or as 
special beef, special dairy, and general or dual pur 
pose. A half century ago the predominating type of 
cattle in the country was the native or scrub, but du 
ring the past few years the introduction of pure bred 
sires has so changed and improved the quality of our 
cattle that the larger part of them may be properly 



classified as graded stock ; that is, containing one or 
more crosses of the pure bred sire on the original na- 
tive cows. Pure bred cattle are those entitled to reg- 
istration by reason of their long lineage in which no 
admixture of foreign blood appears. This classifica- 
tion is, of course, defective in that it does not distin- 
guish the qualities, or better, the functions of the sev- 
eral kinds of neat cattle. 

In the United States we have a trifold interest in 
breeding cattle in that we raise them for the produc- 
tion of milk and butter ; hence the distinct dairy type ; 
for beef ; or for the purpose of combining both beef 
and milk, so far as possible, in one and the same ani- 
mal. This classification is very satisfactory in many 
respects, though it is a question sometimes to know 
where to place certain of the milking strains of Short- 
horns, Bed Polls and other animals of the dual purpose 
type. 

Beef Breeds in the South. 

Following the above classification it appears that 
there are five principal tj pes of pure bred beef cattle 
scattered over the South, and well adapted to that por- 
tion of it comprised in the Appalachian region which 
is sometimes called the middle South. These breeds 
are the Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Gallo- 
way and Sussex. Of course, there are some other 
well fcnown beef breeds in the United States, and sev- 
eral well established ones, that might be introduced 
from foreign countries, but as they have not been tried 
in the South, their adaptation to our conditions is 
simply a matter of conjecture, while the purpose of 
this article is to discuss briefly the qualities of some 
of the bret ds which have been resident long enough in 
the country to enable a fair estimate of their value to 
be safely made. 

Origin of the Breeds. 

Strange as it may seem, all the five breeds men- 
tioned originated in Great Britain ; the Shorthorn, 
Hereford and Sussex in England, and the Aberdeen 
Angus and Galloway in Scotland. The oldest of these 
breeds is the Shorthorn or Durham, the latter name 
being taken from the county in which they originated. 
They are a cosmopolitan breed, their first improvers 
being the Colling Bros., of Ketton, England, who 
commenced their work previous to 1780. Among 
other distinguished fanciers of these cattle were Messrs. 
Bates, Booth and Cruikshanks, men who have stamp- 
ed their ideals on the strains which bear their names. 
It is interesting to note that the first importation of 
Shorthorns in America is said to have been mide by 
Messrs. Goff and Miller, of Virginia. 

The Hereford originated in Herefordshire, and ref 
erences were made to them by Speed and Marshall in 
1627 and 1788. Benjamin Tompkins and John Price 
were the two most celebrated improvers of this breed 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER 



23 



which is first supposed to have been imported into 
the United States by Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 

in 1817. 

Aberdeen Angus cattle originated from the native 

stock of the country, and the most notable improver 

of the breed was Hugh Watson, who established the 
Keillor herd in 1808. This breed was first introduced 
Into the United States in 1873. Wherever it has gone 
it has made ready friends for itself, owing to the splen 
did feeding qualities of the animals and their uniform 
appearance and kindly disposition. 

The Galloway cattle originated in the district whose 
name they bear in Scotland. Being reared in a cold, 
bleak country, frequently 1,500 feet above the sea 
level, they are a hardy, aggressive breed, and have 
been celebrated for many j ears for the high quality of 
meat they produce. They were first introduced into 
America by Graham Bros., of Vaughan, Ontario, Can- 
ada, in 1853. Since then they have found favor in al- 
most every section of the United States. 



numbers in America. It is a very difficult matter to 
discuss the relative merit of these different breeds, be- 
cause there are splendid individuals in all of them, 
and the success of a breed is more frequently measured 
by environment, and the skill, care and treatment 
given it by the owner than by any other factor. It is 
impossible to discuss the relative merits of the five 
breeds here mentioned in detail, but in order that the 
reader may get a fair idea of their many excellent 
qualities, the following table has been prepared, which 
gives a fair idea of their relative merit. To study them 
intelligently, it is first necessary to consider their spe- 
cial qualities, contrast their strong and weak points, 
and so ascertain their value for special locations. 
Why People Fail with Improved Stock. 
One reason why so many people have become dis- 
gusted with improved breeds of stock is due to the 
fact that they have selected their breeding animals 
without regard to the environment from which they 
came and to which they are naturally best adapted. 




The Sussex cattle originated in Sussex county, Eog 
land and were supposed to have been cotemporaneous 
with the Devons at an early date. They made fine 
records at the Smithfield Pat Stock Show in London 
many years ago, though a Sussex herd book was not 
established in England until 1860. They were first 
imported into the United States by Hon. Overton Lea, 
of Nashville, Tenn., in 1884, and while hey are a most 
excellent breed, they are not widely disseminated in 
the United States, owing to the comparative newness 
of the breed and the small number of persons who are 
interested in their production. x 

A Comparison of the "Qualities" of the 
Several Breeds. 

This, then, will give the reader some idea of the ori 
gin of the principal beef breeds introduced into the 
South. Asour forefathers all came from Great Britain, 
it is easy to understand why the special types of beef 
animals developed so successfully across the water, 
have found so much favor and increased so largely in 



Then, after purchasing the animals, they have failed 
to realize that improved qualities are engrafted and 
maintained by reason of the greater skill exercised in 
the care and feeding, breeding and management of the 
stock. Animals brought up under favorable condi- 
tions, and suddenly removed from these, will surely 
deteriorate in the direction of the scrub. Considering 
the vital interest be«f husbandry should have for our 
people, it is very important that they familiarise 
themselves with the qualities of the various breeds of 
stock before purchasing them, else they may choose 
animals uusuited to their environment, and so reap a 
harvest of thorns instead of shekels, though, in the 
long run, their own carelessness is the cause of their 
final misfortune. _ 

The Shorthorns give their best results on good pas- 
tures and on arable lands. They also do well on the 
range, the Shorthorn grades being the predominating 
type of graded cattle found in every part of the United 
States. Probably they have given better results on 



24 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



A COMPARISON OF THE QUALITIES OF THE SEVERAL BREEDS. 



Dissemination.... 



Hardihood.. 



Conformation . 



Color Markingt.. 

Registration 

Appreciation 

Adaptation.. 

* 

Size 

Maturity 

Grazing 

Feeding 

Meat 

Milk 

Utility for Cross'g 



All over U. S. and in 
many foreign coun 
tiled. 

Good, predominate on 
ranges all over coun 
try. 

Rectangular, blocky, 
symmetrical outline 
and graceful car- 
riage. 

Red, white or roan 
mixed indiscrimi 
nately. 



367,950 U. S. H. B. 

The most cosmopoli 
tan and beBt known 
breed. 



Very wide; best 01 
arable, level lands. 



Weaknesses.. 



Shorthorn. 



Largest. 



Unsurpassed — 2 4 -30 
mos. 



Excellent on good pas 
tures. 

First class. 



High per cent, of goo^ 
meat; excellent 
quality. 



Amount small: 
ity good. 



qual 



More largely used in 
past than all other 
breeds. 

In some instances 
weak constitution 
due to in- and in 
breeding ; tendency 
to sterility. 



Hereford. 



Widely distributed in 
U. S and Canada, 
also in S. A. and Aus. 

Best results on range? 
of south and south- 
west. 

Rectangular, compact 
body ; smooth out- 
line; docile. 



White chiefly on face, 
breast belly and 
back ; red on neck, 
side and quarters. 

95,000 A. H. B. 

Second only to Short- 
horn. 



Wide adaptability ; 
splendid rustlers for 
range country. 

Practically equal to 
Shorthorns. 



Equal to Shorthorns. 



Unsurpassed. 



About equal to Short- 
horn. Inclined to 
patchiness under 
forced feeding. 

Kill well ; produce fine 
juicy meat. 



Quality good; quan 
tity deficient. 

Good on natives and 
on Shorthorns and 
Galloways. 

Poor milkers, large 
dewlap, light in 
thigh. 



Aberdeen Angus. 



Bred in many States 
and in many foreign 
countries. 

Medium. 



Low, sturdy, smooth, 
cylindrical in out- 
line. 



Black. 



32,500 A. H. B. 

Not so well known as 
Borne other breeds; 
great favorites where 
introduced 

Temperate climates ; 
arable, undulated 

lands. 

Nearly equal to Short- 
horns and Herefords, 



Equal to Shorthorns 
and Herefords. 



Fair. 



First class; unexcelled 



Marbling of meat 
slightly better than 
Shorthorn or Here 
ford ; kill well. 

Quality good ; quan 
tity deficient. 

Excellent on common 
stock and Shorthorn 
grades. 

Indifferent milkers — 
somewhat lacking in 
scale. 



Galloway. 



Found chiefly in Mo., 
111., Kan., Minn, and 
Canada. 

First class. 



Low set,, sturdy, ro 
bust, coat curly, fea- 
tures fine. 



Black. 



14,491 A. H. B. 

Not so well known ap 
breeds previously 
mentioned. 



Fine for range pur 
poses, especialy in 
northwest. 

Do not scale quite so 
well as other bieeds 
mentioned. 



Under " forced feed," 
early. 



Unsurpassed. 



Take on flesh smooth- 
ly ; good feeders. 



Finely marbled and 
very delicate in fla- 
vor. 



Quality good ; quan- 
tity deficient. 

Excellent on common 
stock ; remarkably 
prepotent. 

Poor milkers ; slightly 
deficient in scale. 



Sussex. 



Limited to Tenn., Me.,. 
111., Ind.,Okl.,Tex.^ 
Kan., Colo., Canada*. 

Fair. 



Smooth and symmetri- 
cal. 



Red. 

No U. S. record book. 
Popular where known 



Best for temperate cli- 
mates and rich pas- 
tures. 

Larger in frame than 
Galloway, though 
smaller than other 
breeds. 

Not quite equal to> 
Shorthorn and Here- 
ford. 

Excellent. 



Put on fleBh rapidly 
and distribute it welL 



Excellent quality* 
bone a little coarse. 



Excellent, but defi- 
cient in quantity. 

Not been used exten- 
sively for this pur»- 
pose. 

Dissemination too lim- 
ited to enable a cor- 
rect estimate. 



the ranches of the West and Northwest, and in the 
Appalachian region of the South, than some other 
breeds. The Shorthorn grade is still regarded by the 
majority of American breeders and feeders as the best 
general- purpose animal that has ever been produced. 
The Herefords are well adapted for rustling and 
hunting their food over wide areas, They have given 



the most excellent results on the ranches of the South 
and Southwest, where they have increased wonderfully 
in numbers in the past few years. In fact, the Hereford 
sires have been so largely used on some ranches that 
the type of the native has entirely disappeared and 
given place to the popular white face and red mark- 
ings of the Hereford breed. As rustlers for range pur- 



1»03.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



25 




Hereford Bull at the head of the "Herbert Domain Herd of Tennessee." 



poses, especially in the Southwest country, the Here- 
fords have something of aD advantage over any of the 
other improved breeds at the present time. 

The Aberdeen-Angus, on the other hand, has not 
been tried for that purpose so extensively as either of 
the other breeds. Naturally, they are more like the 
Shorthorn, and give better returns on arable lands 
and good pastures. For stall feeding purposes, they 
are probably unexcelled, taking on flesh and fat more 
rapidly and uniformly than any of the other breeds, 
and being short in the leg, compact in conformation, 
and cylindrical in appearance, with a jet black coat, 
they finish up in the most superb form when placed 
on "forced feeding." 

The Galloway, on the other hand, is well adapted 
for range purposes. It does well on the Northwestern 
prairies, where the winter is particularly trying. It 
has a long, shaggy, curly overcoat, with a thick, fine 
undercoat, enabling it to stand the cold weather with 
comparative impunity. 

The Sussex are more of the type of the Shorthorn 
and Aberdeen- Angus, and will give their best results 
when placed under a similar environment. 

In the diversified country of the Appalachian re 
gion, the animals best adapted for range purposes will 
be the grade Shorthorns, Hereford and Galloway. 
Those best adapted for maintenance on the rich valley 
lands or the excellent pastures that prevail over wide 
areas of this section, or for winter feeding on surplus 
corn and cotton products of the rich river bottoms, 
are the Shorthorn, Angus and Sussex. 

Maintaining Improved Stock. 
The next question that arises is as to the quality 



and quantity of food the various improved types re - 
quire. It is impossible to answer this question spe- 
cifically, for it is a matter that has not been worked 
out experimentally. While individual animals vary, 
the breeds as a whole do not differ materially as to the 
amount of food consumed for a pound of gain. In 
sections where white clover or blue jrass, or other 
tame pastures can be established and utilized for the 
entire summer and partial winter grazing as well, 
there will be no difficulty about maintaining any of 
the above breeds, while for the supplemental feeds re- 
quired for the winter feeding, or for the finishing of 
the grades of these breeds, there will be still less diffi- 
culty. The whole area is well adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of corn. On improved lands, even of upland 
types, 30 to 40 bushels of corn can be raised under in- 
tensive culture, while on the bottoms it will frequent- 
ly go to 100 bushels. Cotton is raised more or less in 
all parts of the region under consideration, and cot- 
ton seed meal, combined with corn meal, forms a per- 
fect concentrate for the maintenance of breeding ani- 
mals or for the winter feeding of the grades. In ad- 
dition, So> beans do well, and will produce from 25 
to 40 bushels per acre under proper treatment, thus 
adding another concentrate of the highest feeding 
value for the purpose mentioned. Pea hay can also 
be produced in large quantities at a moderate cost. 
Corn stover can be had in abundance. Silage, con- 
taining from 15 to 25 per cent, of cow peas, can be 
made from sorghnm or corn at a cost of about $1 per 
ton, while yields of 12 to 15 tons per acre show the 
readiness with which the soil will yield suitable crops 
for the winter feeding of beef cattle when given proper 
culture and fertilization. There is thus no difficulty 



26 



THE aoUTHEBN PLANTEB. 



[ Januai y 




Grade Hereford Calves in the "Herbert Domain" Herd, showing the result of crossing a pure V>red sire on native cows. 



in the way of maintaining either the improved breeds 
intact, or the grades on the range in the summer or 
"on feed" in the winter. 

If there is any difficulty in the way of introducing 
or handling improved stock by reason of the scarcity 
or high prices of suitable food stuffs, it is certainly 
the fault of the farmer, because nature has done her 
part in that she has provided an' environment in 




Miss Stuffe, Lady Nosegay French and Baron Roseby, types 
of Aberdeen- Angus cattle, owned and bred by A. L. French, 
of Fitzgerald, N. C. 

which the most desirable crops for the maintenance of 

cattle can be grown to perfection, whether the end in 

view be cheap fodder or hay or rich concentrates. 

Stockmen Needed. 

A little study and forethought will overcome the 
difficulties of the feeding problem, but there is an 
other obstacle which may prove more serious, and 
that is the lack of generations of training in the man 



agement of improved stock. While education will 
make a live, up to date stockman, the process is often 
slow with inexperienced and untrained laborers. Men 
who have learned to till the fields, or to cultivate cot- 
ton, do not take kindly to what they term the drudge* 
ry of the live stock business, an idea that loses caste 
very quickly when one becomes well acquainted with 
the live stock business. The man who would be a 
successful feeder and breeder must know his animals 
individually; he must study their needs each day in 
order that he may supply their varying wants prompt- 
ly. He mast grow up with his animals, as it were, 
and they must become a part of his being. This does 
not require personal sacrifice to the real student of 
animal production, yet it constitutes the principal es- 
sential of success in a stockman. The man who enters 
into the breeding of live stock should have an inhe- 
rent love for animals, and be willing to devote his 
time and attention, his thought and his energies, tOi 
the development of animals of unequalled excellence, 
for this should be the obje ;t of every successful stock- 



man. 



Need of a Pence Law. 



Another and mo3t serious difficulty in the way of 
introducing improved stock in the Appalachian re- 
gion is due to the need of an adequate fence law in 
many sections of the country. In other words, the 
owner of a farm must fence his land to keep out his 
neighbor's stock. This certainly seems to be wrong, 
and is one of the most serious drawbacks to stock- 
husbandry at the present day. It is a drawback be- 
cause it permits the slothful and indifferent man to 
turn loose upon the community males of the most in- 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



27 




different quality, which not only prove a menace to 
the highly bred stock of the progressive farmer, but 
also seriously interferes with the legitimate develop 
ment of his business. The present system of fencing, 
as it exists in some of the States of the Appalachian 
region, is altogether wrong, and must be righted be 
fore our live stock will improve as rapidly as the nat 
ural conditions now warrant. The sooner the live 
stockmen can get together in a grand co operative 
movement, and see that this unjustifiable nuisance is 
abated and properly regulated by law, the better it 
will be for every agricultural interest of the South, 




Sussex Steer. — Rosewood, Champion Yearling;, Fat Stock Show 
1888, the property of Mr. Overton Lea, Nashville, Tenn. 

for there is no interest more widespreading in its in- 
fluence, or which needs to be developed more consist- 
ently and rapidly for the greatest good of our farmers 
than our animal industries. 

A Superb Climate. 
Some have urged that the Southern climate is hot, 
and that the heavy beef breeds will of necessity not 
do so well. There is nothing in this contention so far 
as it applies to the Appalachian region. The eleva- 
tion of the country above sea level is sufficient to pro 
vide the most equable climate, both in summer and 
winter. Extremes of heat and cold are not met with 



as in many other sections of the country. In the sum 
mer time, the large number of running streams pro- 
vide an abundance of pure water, and in no section 
of the United States do trees grow more vigorously 
or lend more grateful shade during the heat of the 
day. In the winter time, snow raiely falls, and if it 
does, stays but a day or two, while it is a matter o 
common remark among "the oldest inhabi r ants" 
when the thermometer goes below zero. Even then 
it will only be a temporary matter, lasting for two or 
three days. Andrew M. Soule, 

Vice Director and Agriculturist. 
Experiment Station, Knoxville, Tenn. 



FOOT AND riOUTH DISEASE IN CATTLE. 

Editor of Southern Planter. 

Secretary Wilson's appeal to Congress for an emer- 
gency appropriation of $1,000,000, to enable the De- 
partment of Agriculture to suppress the foot and mouth 
disease that has broken out among cattle in New Eng- 
land, should meet with the hearty approval of every 
American farmer. 

In my visits to Germany and Switzerland I have 
been frequently struck with the ravages of this dis- 
ease, despite the unceasing activity of the govern- 
ments and local authorities, as well as of agricultural 
societies, live stock insurance companies and private 
individuals. In my foot tours through the Swiss Alps, 
last summer, I noticed a large number of roads and 
paths leading to infected districts that were closed and 
guarded. Both of these countries have adopted every 
known precautionary measure, and are well provided 
with very capable veterinarians, but still the " Maul- 
und Klauen seuche" holds its own. 

In Germany it is quite probable that a new stock 
disease law will be enacted at this session of the Reich- 
stag or the old quarantine law amended, as it hss been 
shown that quarantining foreign cattle on the German 
frontier has not been able to prevent the spread of the 
disease. Sam'l Rolfe Millar. 

Warren Co., Va., Dec. 10, 1902. 



28 



THB SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



[January 



BREEDS OF SHEEP FOR THE SOUTH. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Sheep fill a most important position in advanced 
agriculture. The presence of a flock, on any farm, 
may be taken without question as an indication that 
it is in the hands of a wise and successful farmer. 
There are several reasons for this. The mere feeding 
of sheep is conducive to profit. There is no other ani 
mal kept on a farm which returns so much income di- 
rectly, and no other which exercises so useful a result 
on the land by its mere feeding. It is an omnivorous 
feeder, and the larger part of its feeding is made up of 
what would otherwise be wasted. It gleans the fields, 
it picks up all the small residues of other animals feed 
ing, and it turns its food into three different sources 
of income to the farmer. Moreover, by its needed de 
mands on the farmer it forces him to practice the most 
economical methods of working his land, and growing 
crops. Let us give at this point one single exam 
pie. There is a fodder plant of the turnip family 
known as rape. Two pounds of seed sown on an acre 
at the last working of the corn crop, or on any other 
convenient otherwise idle part of the farm, will feed 
thirty sheep from the time the corn is cut to the snow 
fall, or even later, as conditions may permit. The 
rape will renew its growth early in the spring, and 
contribute still more feed until the next crop, which 
is usually oats, is sown ; and then after it is harvested 
the growth on the stubble will contribute still more 
feed. This is only one instance, mentioned in the out 
set of this article, among many which go to show the 
simple and easy manner of supporting a flock on any 
farm under common methods of culture. And in this 
manner the feeding of the flock will come in a sort 
of rotation with other uses of the land, every one of 
which is conducive to economy, profit, and improve 
ment of the soil by which other parts of the farm man- 
agement may be increased in productive value. There 
ia no difficulty about it. The only single thing to be 
done is to go and do it by whatever easiest method it 
may be. And as soon as one season has given the 
needed experience, the work will be easier and sim- 
pler, and the owner of a flock will be amazed that he 
did not fall into the habit earlier. We are not just 
now studying the methods by whieh the flock may be 
supported and managed all through, but only the kinds 
of sheep which are best suited to the conditions of ag 
riculture in the South ; indeed, everywhere in fact ; 
for the special circumstances by which the Southern 
farmer is surrounded and controlled are varied very 
little by his special environments. In fact, his circum 
stances make it an easier business to him than to any 
farmer in other localities, and one single thing only 
need be mentioned to make this very plain. This is, 



that in the South sheep may live every day in the 
fields, and gather their subsistence on what in other 
localities might go to waste as far as making money 
profit out of it ; and a flock may be so managed as not 
only to subsist itself with ease but at the same to so- 
improve the soil by the improved conditions — growing 
out of the feeding of the flock, as that each acre of 
land may soon double its produce without any other 
addition to the resources of the farm. 

And in thus adding to these resources it matters lit- 
tle what kind of sheep is kept. A sheep is a sheep, 
in this respect ; and it is only a matter of convenience 
and fancy which breed is chosen for this use. Yet the 
fancy goes a long way in regard to the pleasure and 
profit of keeping a flock. Tastes differ in this respect j 
and so the kind of she»p chosen should please the 
fancy of the owner ; for what we love best in this re- 
spect we make the most successful and profitable. 

Breeds of Sheep Most Suitable. 
Sheep may be distinguished as fitted for the farm or 
for the range, and some for the special purpose of rear- 
ing lambs for the early markets, when there is a de- 
mand for tender lamb of two or three months' growth, 
which has been increased to the greatest extent by 
skillful feeding. On account of the favorable climate 
and nearness to the best markets for thes \ those sheep 
most eminently fitted for this use in the South should 
be first noticed. Sheep, indeed, are the most easily 
adapted to varying conditions of all domestic animals ; 
but while this is so, and by a little education a flock 
may be trained to bring the lambs at any desired time, 
yet there is a breed which has been so trained for many 
years as a special business that lambs may be had at 
any time of the year, or in fact twice in the year, if it 
is desired. This special breed is known as 

The Dorset Bseed. 

In our description of the best sheep for the South 
this one we choose first, both for the ease of its man- 
agement and its value. In addition to these special 
qualifications, it has the advantage of having been 
reared in a warm climate, very much similar to the 
average of the Southern States ; and, which is a most 
important consideration, the principal great consum- 
ing markets for the lambs are in close proximity to 
the most convenient and suitable localities for the 
breeding and rearing of them. 

The Dorset sheep is a horned breed, which is a na- 
tive of the county of Dorset, in the sonth of England, 
of which the climate is mild and pleasant, having no 
severe weather in the winter, but the flocks are able 
to pasture out the whole year. The climate has its 
special features repeated in several localities of the 
South, especially on the sea coast and adjacent low- 
lands, with the low ridges further west. Both rams 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



29 



mW ' $*%l ' 




■K 


. -■•^ 


Br 




1 f i 


. 







Dorset- — Sweepstake Ram at the great Omaha Exposition. 
Bred and owned by R. Stuyvesant, owner of the Tran- 
quility Stock Farms, New Jersey. 

and ewes are horned ; the face is white, broad, and 
neatly formed, the horns curving spirally on each side, 
giving a solid, stately and substantial figure to the 
whole animal. This breed is able to maintain itself 
In defense against dogs, which in the South are really 
the only serious obstacle to the success of the flocks ; 
for the other conditions, as the weather, the soil, the 
climate and the feeding, are more favored by nature 
than in any other part of the whole Union. In fact, 
we have everything in favor of the shepherd's indus 
try, and our especial conditions of agriculture all go 
to make sheep keeping not only profitable in itself, 
but advantageous to the whole culture of the soil, under 
our greatly vaiied system of agriculture. This useful 
eheep is exceedingly hardy, and less subject to diseases 
which arise from neglect than any other breed. It 
yields a fleece of five pounds of pure, white, medium 
fine wool, most favorably adapted for the smaller kinds 
of home manufacture common in the South. The 
wethers, when fed for market at two years of age, 
yield a dre-sed weight of eighty pounds of excellent 
mutton. Ou the whole, we may very justly give this 
breed the first place in the list of eheep best adapted 
to Southern conditions. Its long and careful breeding 
has given it a strong constitution and a remarkably 
successful ability of the ram to impress its character 
on the native sheep, so that nearly every half bred 
lamb is horned like its sire. 

The Shropshire. 
For several good reasons this sheep enjoys the repu 
tation of beiag the most deeirable o( all the breeds. It 
has been bred everywhere, and from Florida to the 
far Northwest among the great range flocks, it main 
tains its reputation for hardiness in cold or heat under 
spare or luxurious living, and as the mother of strong 
hardy lambs. It is one of the medium sized breeds 



which are most suitable to the conditions of the South- 
ern farmer ; quite as well as to those prevailing in the 
far West and Northwest, where the flocks range over 
the dry ranges, and have to contend with the fierce 
storms which the Eastern shepherd is unable to real- 
ize even in his dreams. It is one of the oldest breeds, 
and one of the first to be brought from its English 
home, on the most fertile farms of that well farmed 
country, and it has maintained here its character for 
hardiness, good feeding, healthfulness, and its value 
for its mutton and wool. Its fleece is well adapted to 
the conditions peculiar to the South, especially for the 
uss of the local country mills, and is marketable at the 
highest prices anywhere. The wool is between fine 
and coarse, and the fleece varies in weight as its keep- 
ing may have been, from six to eight pounds for ewes, 
and proportionately more for wethers and rams. It 
will yield over twenty pounds to the quarter of the 
very best of mutton, when in moderately good condi- 
tion, after a reasonably good feeding. It fattens easily, 
and for domestic use may be taken from the pasture 
any day in the year, and furnish the best of meat. Its 
habits are quiet ; it is not given to wander from its 
pasture or its home. It is an attractive sheep, having 
a dark face, varying from black to a light smutty or 
brown color, all over, or in patches. It is an excel- 




Shropshire. — First Prize Shearling Ram at the Royal Show, 
owned by R. P. Cooper. 

lent dam for the early market lambs, and when bred 

to a Dorset ram, or when the ram of this breed is used 

with the common native sheep, the lamb will easily 

reach a weight of fifty pounds at ten or twelve weeks 

age. The Shropshire ram is the best animal to cross 

on our common native Southern ewes, and two crosses 

will produce sheep which will etsily go for purebred. 

It may be said, that with the exception of the Merino 

ram, it is by far the best kind to cross on our common 

Southern ewes for the purpose of improving a flock. 

The Hampshire. 

This breed of sheep was introduced into Virginia by 

George Washington, and until its complete destruction 



30 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 




Hampshire. — Cambuscan, First Prize Hampshire at the Royal 
Show, owned by J. <i. Massey, of Colorado. 

in tie war, was quite common and conspicuous by its 
dark face and large size on the best of the Southern 
farms. Since the prostration, as may be said, of South- 
ern agriculture by the baibarities of war, it has dis- 
appeared except in a few localities, but even there and 
under partial care it is now what it should be by its 
nature, the finest of those dark faced breeds commonly 
called the Down breeds. It is a native of the Hamp 
shire downs, or rolling meadows of the South of Eng- 
land, and is one of the most ancient of the English 
breeds. It is a large sheep and has a heavy fleece of 
wool longer than that of the Shropshire. An arerage 
fleece should weigh eight pounds, and the wool is com 
monly over six inches in length But it is most valu 
able for its mutton ; the flesh is tender and well mixed 
with the fat, and more live weight of carcass is made 
in proportion to the food by this breed than by any 
other. A well fed yearling wether of this kind will 
easily make a dressed weight of eighty to ninety 
pounds. The Hampshire ram is the most valuable of 
all breeds for crossing on the small native sheep, al 
though its size and weight might seem to be unsuita 
ble for this use. The size of the ram, however, does 
not interfere with the progeny in any iDj urious way ; 
for it is the ewe, and not the ram, which gives the size 
to the new-born lamb. The ram gives to the lambs the 
habit and ability to make growth after birth, and it 
is the fact that the most growth fiom the same allow 
anceof food has been made by this breed in every test 
made ; and this ability to make rapid and profitable 
growth is not equalled by any other breed, even under 
ordinary conditions of the farm. This characteristic 
is the mo3t important for the consideration of the 
farmer who is rearing sheep for profit. For the same 
feed this breed gives more wool and more flesh than 
any other, and thus the farmer who desires profit may 
well choose this for the means to be used. 



The Southdown. 
This sheep is universally considered by all experts 
to be the most beautiful animal of the kind in the 
world. At the exhibitions of live stock the pens occu- 
pied by these sheep are the most observed and fre- 
quented, and the beautifully formed, smoothly wooled, 
and generally attractive animals in the pens set apart 
for the Southdowns attract the attention and the ad- 
miration, even of the children. Its beauty of form ; 
smooth, clean, round body, short legs, clear fine.head, 
and broad saddle, combine to attract those who never 
owned a sheep, as well as every observer who has or 
does. Its history justifies this praise. For, during 
nearly two thousand years this sheep has existed and 
furnished industry and wealth to the English farmers- 
in that part of that fertile and beautiful isle commonly 
known as the Downs. This breed has been used for 
improving nearly every other. The Shropshire, Hamp- 
shire, and other so called Down breeds, all owe their 
finest points to the infused blood of the Southdown, 
while most of the more than dozen breeds, bred in 
England — the home of all our American sheep except 
the Merino — have been improved by the mixed blood 




Southdown.— Champion Shearling Rams at the Royal Show,. 
1902, owned by the King of England. 

of this beautiful sheep. One becomes in love with 
this sheep on sight ; and if sheep were kept only for 
their beauty, this breed would be the only one in ex- 
istence. But it is not only beautiful, but is good as 
well. That this should be so consists with the value put 
on it as an improver of every one of the so called Down 
breed ; and not only of these, but several other breeds, 
have been refined by the mixture of Southdown blood 
in them. For itself alone it is the choice of every 
wealthy sheep farmer in the South, whose lawn is or- 
namented as well as made useful by being made the 
pasture of a flock of these sheep. It is chosen to orna- 
ment the parks of the great cities of the North, and it 
is not only beautiful but it is as good as it is beautiful. 
Its carcass furnishes the very best mutton in the most 



1903.] 



THE SOOTH EKE PLANTER. 



31 



desirable and economical form, such as the. saddle of 
mutton, the leg, and the shoulder ; while eve ry other 
part of the animal is economical for use on the table 
on account of its fine bone and the liberal covering of 
sweet, juicy meat. For this natural excellence it has 
been adopted as the general improver of other breeds, 
and even now a cross of it is fonnd desirable by breed 
ers of the other so called Down breeds. For this 
refines the gradually increasing coarseness of the 
others, and so adds to the value of the flock 
bo improved. There is no other sheep which in 
so many points deserves general admiration; but yet 
it is not by any means the most popular. This te6t of 
value is owned by the Shropshire most of all the coarse 
wool breeds ; and the Southdown has several other 
successful competitors. lis lamb by a Merino ewe is 
the plumpest and fattest of its age of all other kindn ; 
but yet the coarser, heavier breeds are more popula 
as sires for the market lambs. For ornament on the 
lawn of any farmer who can afford to sacrifice a dollar 
or two to gain satisfaction in this way, or for their 
beauty in a well kept meadow, there is no other breed 
equals this ; and as well as its beauty, it supplies the 
best of all mutton, although at a little higher cost. 
For the farmer who is not wholly in pursuit of ptofit 
all the time, and is desirous of sacrificing a few possi 
ble dollars for the sake of pleasure, this beautiful 
sheep cannot be excelled. It is not meant that it is 
not a profitable sheep, but that it may not be as prof 
itable as some of the other breeds described ; and yet 
it may be so under special circumstances, for one will 
always do the best with what he loves the best, and so 
this shtep may really be the most profitable because, 
on account of its beauty of form, it will attract not 
only the care and attention of its owner, but his love 
and admiration as well. When used as the sire of mar 
ket lambs by a Merino ewe, the produce will easily 
bring a dollar a head more than that of any other sire; 
but in general the size and weight of a lamb goes with 
the multitude before mere quality, this qualification 
being most popular with the fewest purchasers. And 
yet for love of this beautiful sheep the writer would 
make this sacrifice, and commend this disposition in 
his readers. Its wool furnishes the best material for 
the finest blankets and the softest clothing material ; 
its flesh is the sweetest matton , but it requires, as all 
other excellent things do, the very best material for 
the making of it. It delights in a short, thick, blue 
grass pasture, and is by no means a coarse feeder. A 
well fed two year- old will make eighteen pounds to the 
quarter, but the light weight is compensated for some- 
what by the finer lighter bone. Two thirds of its live 
weight of salable meat of the beat quality is the ordi- 
nary product of a sheep of this breed. It will not do 
well on coarse keeping, and thus is not the right sheep 



for a careless farmer. But in the right place, it will 
well repay the keeper for all his care. As an improver 
of every other breed, and as a refining influence, ifc 
has a special value for the most intelligent and enter- 
prising shepherds. 

The Merino. 
By far the mo^t numerous breed of sheep now in 
existence is the Merino. It is the most numerous in 
our own country, while in some other countries it is 
practically the only breed kept. This is due to the 
value of the wool, which is the staple clothing "wool of 
the world. But of late sub breeds of this valuable 
sheep have been produced, which have generally im- 
proved the race, and have made some kinds of these 
as valuable for mutton as any of the so called mutton 
sheep. The only objection made to the meat of these 
sheep is the "eheepy" flavor of the meat, as much In 




Eambouillet. — The great ram in the German Empire in 1902 
now owned by Beaver Stock Fa-m, North Dakota. 

the same way we call the flesh of the goat strong in a 
peculiar flavor. The special flavor of the meat is 
really an advantage, as when once used to eat mutton 
this peculiarity of the flesh becomes decidedly agree- 
able. But, actually, as the common sheep kept is 
more of a Merino than anything else, and this is the 
staple supply of the markets at the present, and has 
always been in the past, the Merino of any of the va- 
rieties is equally as excellent for mutton as any other 
kind of sheep. This breed of sheep is most remarka- 
ble for the large quantity of yolk and oil in the fleece, 
and as this is secreted by the skin, of course there is 
at all times more or less of it in the pores of the skin, 
but it is by no means necessary that the flesh should 
be tainted in the least by this special odor of the 
sheep than that the flesh of the hog should be so af- 
fected bv the special odor of that animal. Indeed, the 
woolly flavor of the home dressed mutton is simply 
due to mistake in dressing the carcass. It does not 
come from the skin, but from the interior of the ani- 



32 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



mal, and if the carcass of a sheep is emp i*d of its 
contents quickly, and the removal of the skin is left 
until the interior of the animal is freed from its con 
tents, from which this special odor is derived, the 
mutton is then free from any odor whatever, and is as 
sweet as the meat of a young lamb. 

Thus the various sub breeds, as they may be called, 
of the Merino may be as valuable for mu ton, in spite 
of the oiliness and the yolk of the fleece, as any other 
kind of sheep; and even with the little care taken in 
dressing a sheep, and by skilful cooking, the nmtton 
of a Merino of any kind may be really as good and 
well flavored as that of a Southdown. 

The best of the Merinos is the French or Rambouil 
let ; an exceedingly valuable sheep and a very great 
improvement on the small old-fashioned Merinos, as 
much so as the big Shorthorn cattle are on the com 
mon scrubs. This class of sheep, however, is kept 
mostly for fleece, which consists of the finest kind of 
wool used for the most costly kinds of clothing ; and 
the enormous quantity of wool of this most valuable 
kind borne by this sheep gives it a special value for 
the farmer's flock. It is exceedingly hardy, and 
makes quite as much of the best meat as the favorite 
Southdown; the only difference being one cent a pound 
in the value of the legs alone, all other parts bringing 
in the market as high prices as the best of all other 
breeds. It is the form of the animal by which its 
value to the butcher is male ; and while the Merino 
is a little deficient in its finished weight altogether, 
yet, in regard to the Southdown, the Merino exceeds 
it in the value of the ribs and loins, parts which we 
all know go to make up the most value of a meat 
carcass. 

For crossing on the common native sheep, there is 
no question of the excess in value of the Rambouillet 
Merino, commonly called the French Merino, and 
this variety is to be commended and recommended 
for the use of the farm, both for its most valuable 
fleece as to quantity and the market price of it, and 
next only to the best of all other breeds for its mutton. 

We wish to say a few words in regard to the value 
of the fl jck as improvers of the soil. The sheep's foot 
is golden, is a very ancient proverb, and its history 
from the most ancient time to the present proves the 
truth of the adage. The sheep lives well on the sur 
plus of the farm, which for want of it will go to waste. 
It returns in the manure more value from its. food than 
any other animal. It gives to its feeder three profits 

its flaece, its growth, and its lamb. It is the gleaner 

of the wastes otherwise lost. It makes more profit, 
too, in its early maturity for market, and its lambs, 
costing actually only a fe<v cents, when two or three 
months old, bring over twice as much as any two year 
old sheep will. Quick returns make big profits, and 



there is no quicker profit in anything made than in a 
three-months old lamb, which sells for twice as much as 
its dam will. Everywhere, the best farming is accom* 
panied by, and really is a result of, a well kept flock. 
Macon Co., N. C. Henry Stewabt. 



DEVON CATTLE. 



Editor Southern Planter : 

These cattle, with reference to whom Youatt said 
" The very best are the best in the world," have many 
staunch admirers, and without a mention of them even 
a holiday number of the Planter would be shorn of an 
attraction in the eyes of lovers of the somewhat small 
but perfect type of North Devon. The old type of 
North Devon has been studied and most carefully con- 
served in its original habitat, and most of the stock in 
the United States traces not only to the best recorded 
ancestry, but to the best reputed herds in existence 
long prior to registration, and its impression is neces- 
sary for character and quality in Devon herds grazed 
on richer land and more liberally fed, which naturally 
develope larger and heavier frames in course of time. 
The writer has been a Devon breeder for over twenty 
> ears, and finds these hardy red cattle well adapted to 
his surroundings, which are not good enough for Short- 
horns and Herefords. The Devon thrives well on short 
grass, quickly responds to any extra feed, and when 
fat weighs uncommonly well. His ability to stamp 
his good qualities of shape, thriftiness, color and do- 
cility on any breed of any color he may be mated with 
makes him a most valuable animal to the stock grower 
on moderately fertile land. As a dairy animal, the 
Devon can hold its own, and for the production of oxen 
for the yoke stands pre-eminent for strength, quick- 
ness and powers of endurance. In my experience the 
only weak point in the Devon is that he does not ma- 
ture until three or four years old ; indeed, I have 
known oxen fed at seven years old make considera- 
ble growth up to that time. In these days of "baby 
beef" and early maturity this is quite a drawback. If 
the Devon was as precocious as the Angus or Gallo- 
way he would easily be monarch of all he surveys, 
and no other beef animal would be grazed or fed. 

The Eastern States have from early days carried the 
biggest proportion of Devon cattle, but now there are 
many fine herds to be found in the South and South- 
west. 

I can hardly close without referring to Dr. Morris, 
of Chester county, Pa., who has done the State, and 
the Devon interest particularly, some service by im- 
porting those rare good bulls " Taurus" and " Duke 
of Molland," who, I believe, trace back through the 
" Famous" family to "Long-horned Curly," the most 
valuable of all Devon foundation pedigrees. 

Orange Co., Va. R. J. F. 



1803] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



33 




Berkshire. — Imported Hiqhclere Topper 51934. 
THE BROOD SOW. 
Editor Southern Planter : 

Since a good brood sow is a sine qua non for success 
ful hog raising, I do not know of any section of this 
industry that should be of more general interest. I 
will commence with a few chief requirements which 
go to make a sow profitable to the raiser of fat pigs for 
the market. First of all, these are, roughly, size or 
development, combined with good formation and a 
certain matronly appearance that is hard to describe, 
a rangy roomy sow without being loose or leggy and 
that promises to make a good milker. Not coarse in 
the shoulder, but with all the depth of sides possible, 
and good deep and wide hams, and strong, straight, 
and even slightly arched back as indicating good con 
dition and vigor; ample heart and lung room, and 
at least twelve teats of even size, should all be looked 
for. I say of even size, for occasionally a sow will 
have some of the teats blind, and this is; of course, a 
serious defect, and one which is certainly hereditary. 
The number of pigs which a sow will have in a litter 
is also largely hereditary, some females being much 
more prolific than others. For this reason, sow pigs 
which are to be kept for breeding from should be se- 
lected out of large and even litters. 

As a general thing, insufficient attention is given to 
the fact that sows will vary largely in the amount of 
milk they produce, almost as much as cows, and there 
is, therefore, a correspondingly quicker or slower 
growth of the pigs. I will not go so far as to say one 
OMght to look for dairy type in a brood sow, but it 
comes very near to this. There is a certain type of 
short coupled and necked and heavy shouldered nat 
urally rounded all over sow that in nine cases out of 
ten will not make a first-class milker, and it is unfor- 
tunately a fact that the show sow, which cannot be 
beaten in the ring, is not always the producer of the 
most thrifty litter unless she is prepared and fed with 
great care for a long time beforehand, and even then 
it is very uncertain. 

Disposition is another hereditary trait. An excita- 
ble, ill-tempered beast is not worth fooling with, as 
the odds are in favor of her get being the same|way, 



and she will certainly give undue trouble to the at- 
tendants daring and just after farrowing. As this ar- 
ticle is more in the interest of the production of pork 
on a small scale than breeding thoroughbred animals, 
I will say nothing abiut such points as good feet, for- 
mation of head and ears, setting on of tail, etc., all 
of which are not necessary in this case and less im- 
portant than the above. However, there are none of 
these except color, placing and shape of ears and set- 
ting on of tail but what are founded upon practical 
requirements, and every owner of a few pigs can cer- 
tainly lose nothing by studying over the score cards 
of the different breeds and trying to figure out the 
reason for the division of points. 

As to the sow's breed, she is, I hope, a grade and 
not a scrub. One cross, at least, or two crosses, by a 
thoroughbred boar of some of improved breeds upon 
a razor-back hog, will work wonders both in early ma- 
turity, increased value of sides and hams, and quick 
fattening at very little cost. I am, myself, naturally 
in favor of the Berkshire grade. They are certainly 
good grazers, average well for the number in litter, 
and the blood is so very prepotent owing to the length 
of time during which Berkshires have been bred pure 
that one cross will do a great deal. T think more than 
any other breed when used on the scrub or razor- baok. 
The Ta ai worth just now has been creating some at- 
traction, but the breed is only about one third the age 
of the Berkshires ; moreover, the sweepstakes at the 
Birmingham Fat Stock Show (a strong place for the 
consideration of fancy bacon and ham points), was 
this year won by the Berkshire, and the sweepstakes 
for the car load of fat hogs at the Great International 
at Chicago this year was also won by the Berkshire. 
So, apparently, both sides of the "pond" have come 
to the same conclusion. 

The tendency and the greatest profib foi the last few 
years has been for marketing young pigs, especially 
since so many have realized that it costs far less grain 
and time to make a pound of pork in a young pig that 
is under one year old than it does afterwards. In 
other words, the first two hundred pounds is the 
cheapest. After that, every pound that is added in- 
creases in cost. Moreover, these young pigs of me- 
dium weight bring the highest prices in the market. 
The farmer, therefore, must breed his sows to satisfy 
the economy of his farm. If they are bred to come in 
the first of the year, and I think in the Southern cli- 
mate this is the best time, they are then fat and ready 
to kill in November or December, and by this means 
the greater part of the fattening process can come on 
during warm weather at a time of the year when the 
greatest number of pounds can be secured from a 
bushel of corn, and when this yield can be still more 
increased by feeding it in connection with suitable 



34 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



pastures. If sows are to farrow any time before Apii], 
farrowing pens must be provided. These, however, 
can be of very cheap construction so long as they can 
be kept clean and dry, and, above all, are open to the 
south. I would rather have a litter of pigs under a 
pine brush roof, so long as it is water tight and open 
to the south, than have to winter them in the bast 
possible building that was located as I have seen 
many. There is hardly an animal more subject to 
rheumatism and other ills if they are raised in cold, 
damp buildings than is a pig during its early days. 

The feeding of the sow before and after farrowing 
would take more to go into than my entire space 
would allow. The main point is to let them come in 
in good condition, but not fat, and not feed on heating 
foods and not to start the milk with warm slops until 
all the inflammation, or danger of inflammation, is 
over, as a good milking sow, like a cow, is much more 
apt to suffer from caked teats than the poor sow. 

There are quite a variety of feeds that can be drawn 
upon for suculent feed in winter. The Irish potato (I 
have had no experience with sweet but they are very 
favorably reported upon) is the favorite. Potato rais 
ers can use their small and cull potatoes very profita- 
bly and easily. Probably the quickest way to prepare 
them is to steam them by cooking in a large iron boiler 
that can be tightly covered, with two or three gallons 
of water only in the bottom. A small fire will soon 
boil the water and after a time the steam will bring 
the whole mass to such a heat that it only requires to 
be left covered up to complete the process. The ex 
cess of water, however, should be poured off before 
mashing the potatoes, as it is supposed to extract the 
poisonous substance from the potato skins, but I have 
never cared to make the experiment as to whether it 
is so or not. Mangels, another root that is both cheap 
and serviceable for furnishing a suckling feed during 
the winter (although English breeders object to feed 
ing them to sows soon due to farrow, but we have fed 
them off and on here and never noticed the slightest 
injurious effect). Pumpkins are another most valua- 
ble suckling feed, but are not raised in the South as 
much as they should be. Among the grains, the stand 
ard is a mixture Of bran and shorts, but it is frequently 
economical to use instead of the bran Brewers' Grains 
when the market price makes this the cheapest feed. 
However much corn on hand this should be reserved 
for the fattening process and the mixture of bran and 
shorts fed as a slop to the brood sow and her young 
litter. If the lucky breeder can add skim milk he 
will then push them along with the greatest possible 
rapidity. In lieu of this there are very favorable re 
ports upon the use of dried Wood. 

At the present market price of pork it certainly 
pays to go to the trouble and expense of giving a little 



extra attention and feed to the sow and her young lit- 
ter. The proposition, of course, is a very different 
one, if she farrows later on and can be turned out 
on clover and alfalfa fields or an old meadow, There 
are some most valuable experiments as to the value 
of growing good red clover or alfalfa when marketed 
in the way of pork. There is certainly no cheaper 
way of growing a pig, and with the present market* 
there is no reason why every farmer, however small, 
should not have a certain area in one of these crops 
which he can market through his pigs. 

For a late fall and winter run for hogs many feeders 
have found it pays well to put in special crops, allow- 
ing the hogs to gather them, and feeding at the same 
time their corn or other fattening ration in connection. 
Sweet potatoes, chufas and artichokes lead the list in 
popularity. A woodland run is of great benefit dur- 
ing the late winter months, as a hog doubtless enjoys 
rooting and certainly picks up a little varied diet 
which does much towards keeping the digestive organs 
in tone. I think that one of the commonest faults ia 
fattening hogs for the market is insufficient varying of 
the feed, often confining it to the staple article corn. 

Finally, it is a mistake to breed from immature ani- 
mals. ^ A sow is hardly in condition to take care of a 
hcter before she is a year old, and a boar should not 
be used for service under nine months. While a sow 
can be made to bring three litters a year, it is difficult 
and certainly not profitable. Two litters in one year 
is all that should be asked from her if pigs that will 
grow off quickly and with plenty of vigor are desired. 
The diseases met with are not many and are caused 
chiefly by bad feeding, dusty and dirty quarters, and 
are chiefly met with in the shape of colds, bowel com- 
plaints and the parasitic worms with which many lots 
are infected and which attack the young litters very 
early, lodging in the bronchial tubes and lungs. 

Hog cholera, the most dreaded of all diseases and 
certainly the most contagious, has, in the end, been a 
good thing for the breeders of thoroughbred hogs ; as, 
whilst many herds are almost wiped out of existence 
the market is increased for the others ; but this is even 
worse as there is no indirect profit in the case of the 
man raising pigs for pork. Careful quarantining of 
all animals that have come in from outside on some 
outstanding farm, or as far away from where the per ■ 
manent pigs are kept, is the only way to keep this out 
of the herd, and even with every care it will some- 
times break out. I am glad to say that I have had 
most favorable reports of an anti-toxin treatment 
which is certainly the most rational and the first pre- 
ventive that recommends itself as based upon sound 
principles. 

Buncombe Co., N. G. G. F. W. 



1903. J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



35 



The Poultry Yard. 



FEEDING EXPERIMENTS. 

At the West Virginia Experiment Station, a series 
of experiments has been conducted with different foods 
as sources of protein so essential for laying hens, 
and also with ground grain as compared with whole 
grain and mash fed in the morning and at night for 
laying hens. 

In the first series of experiments, high grade beef 
scraps were obtained from one of the packing houses 
in Chicago. Milk albumen was supplied by a com 
pany which manufactures milk sugar. Fresh meat and 
bone was obtained from a local butcher and ground as 
required. 

Three pens of fowls were employed in the test, each 
pen containing ten White Leghorn pullets, ten two 
year old hens, and two roosters. Th«y were fed the 
same grain ration, and in addition during the first 
period pen 1 received beef scraps, pen 2 milk albu 
men, and pen 3 ground fresh meat and bone, while 
during the second period pen 1 received fresh bone, 
pen 2 beef scraps, and pen 3 milk albumen. During 
the experiment an attempt was made to feed as nearly 
as possible the same amount of protein to each pen. 

At no time dnring the test were the fowls fed heav 
ily for egg prodnc ion, as many of the eggs were used 
for hatching. This was especially true during the sec 
ond period, when, in order to secure fertile eggs, very 
little mash was fed. 

The fowls were confined in the houses. One of the 
runs belonging to each house had been sown to rye in 
the fall of 1901, and the other runs were sown to oats 
in the spring, thus providing an abundance of shade 
and green food. Water, mica-crystal grit and granu 
lated bone were supplied ad libitum, and the whole 
grain which was fed was scattered in the litter in the 
scratching room. The experiment began November 
1, 1901, and was divided into two periods of 120 days 
each. 

In this experiment, more eggs were laid by the fowls 
when fed beef scraps than when they received either 
ground fresh meat and bone or milk albumen. The 
health of the fowls remained uniformly good through 
out the test, and the low egg yield was due partly to 
the fact that the houses in which the fowls were kept 
were not constructed warm enough for economical egg 
production during the winter, and partially to the 
fact that the fowls were not fed heavily at any time 
for egg production, as many of the eggs were incu 
bated, and strong, vigorous chicks were desired. 

In experiments made at other Stations, having the 
«ame objects in view, the general results obtained 
point to the conclusion that the dried and ground ma 
terial, when pure and untainted, is equally as valu 
able as the groand fresh meat and bone. The beef 
flcraps, further, possess the advantage that a supply 
sufficient for several months can be obtained at one 
time, while with fresh meat and bone there is always 
oonslderable trouble and expense connected with ob 
taining the supply regularly and grinding it. 

In th« second of the experiments conducted at the 
West Virginia Station, comparing ground grain with 
whale grain and mash when fed in the morning and 
at night, the object was to arrive, if possible, at some 



definite conclusion on a point upon which there la 
much diversity of opinion. 

On most poultry farms, it is the custom to feed to 
laying hens in the morning a mash in which corn 
meal, ground oats, wheat bran, steamed clover, beef 
scraps, or other feeding stuff are incorporated in va- 
rious proportions. Toward evening, whole grain is 
usually scattered in the litter, and the fowls are thus 
obliged to scratch vigorously for their evening meal. 
On the other hand, some poultrymen strongly advo- 
cate the practice of feeding the whole grain in the 
morning and the mash at night, claiming that by so 
doing the hens are kept busy during the entire day 
and that they consequently take more exercise, result- 
ing in an increase in the egg production. 

The experiment was begun April 23, 1901, and was 
divided into two periods of sixty days each. Five 
pens of fowls were employed. Each of pens 1, 2 and 
3 consisted of twenty White Leghorn hens and two 
cock«, nearly one year old at the beginning of the ex- 
periment. Pens 4 and 5 contained the same number 
of White Leghorn hens and cocks about four years old. 

The grain ration consisted of corn and oats, ground 
and unbound. Beef scraps were fed dry to those 
fowls which received the whole grain ration, and in 
the other cases it was mixed with the mash, which 
was made by moistening the ground feed and scraps 
with water at the ordinary temperature. At the be- 
ginning of each period the food for each pen was 
weighed out in bulk and stored in boxes in the scratch- 
ing sheds. The fowls were fed liberally, and each lot 
was fed as nearly the same amount of food at each 
meal as could be done by measure. At the end of 
each period the food remaining in the boxes was 
weighed, and thus the total amount of food consumed 
was determined. 

The fowls were supplied at all times with granulated 
bone, mica crystal grit and water, and each fl jck was 
allowed the use of two runs, one of which had been 
seeded to rje, furnishing shade, and the other sown 
to oats, thus providing a liberal supply of green feed. 

Conclusions. 

1. In this experiment the egg production was prac- 
tically the same when the mash was fed in the morn- 
ing as when fed at night. 

2. With both young and old fowls better results 
were obtained when about one third of the grain ra- 
tion was fed ground and moistened than when all of 
the gr*in was fed whole and scattered in the litter. 

3. During the test the average food cost of the eggs 
laid by the young fowls was 5 8 cents per dozen, while 
with the other hens the cost was 6.4 cents. In this 
connection it should be remembered, however, that 
these fowls had a very restricted range, and that all of 
the food that they received was charged to them at 
full market rates. On the other hand, on the ordi- 
nary farm, where the fowls have unrestricted range, 
much of their food consists of bugs and worms and 
grain which is scattered here and there and which 
otherwise would go to waste. Under these better con- 
ditions, the real cost of the food would only be a frac- 
tion of that stated above. 



36 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTEK 



[ January 



The Horse. 



HACKNEYS STILL IN DEMAND. 

A well-known Virginia breeder of Hackneys writes 
us that he recently sold a three year-old colt for 
$10,000. Hackneys and Hackney crosses on Virginia- 
bred mares having a good dash of thoroughbred blood 
are always wanted at paying prices. They should be 
bred out of good sized mares to give them size and 
weight enough to handle the heavier carriages now in 
use. — Ed. 



NOTES. 



At the Acca Farm track, W. L. Bass is wintering 
some fifteen head of trotters and pacers, all of whom 
are doing quite nicely. Those with records are Joy- 
ful Maiden, 2:19}, pacing bay mare, by King Butwood, 
dam by Petoskey; Fern, 2:21}, pacing bay mare, by 
Petoskey, dam Mannie, by Ajax, Bed Light, 2:21}, 
chestnut mare, by Bed Wilkes, Jr., dam Moonlight, 
by Twilight ; Eliza Ingram, 2:21}, chestnut mare, by 
John B. Gentry, 2:00}, dam Blondette, dam of Gov 
ernor Holt, 2:15, by Leland ; and Marie, 2:30}, bay 
mare, by Jolly Friar, dam Parker Holland, by Sam 
Purdy, while those that have no marks are Medin- 
wood, full sister to Firewood, 2:17}, by King Nut 
wood, dam Medina, by Middletown; Maxie K., bay 
horse, by McZeus, dam Miss Bird, by Young Jim, a 
bay filly, by McZeus, dam Louise, sister to Branch 
wood, 2:22}, by Woodburn Hambletonian, and a con 
pie of good looking bays, one a gelding, 5, and the 
other a mare, 6, both of whom were sired by Omar 
Pasha, full brother to Mosul, 2:09}, and are owned by 
Congressman Bixey, of Oulpeper. The foregoing list, 
however, does not include a nice-looking bay colt, 
foaled 1891 and sired by a son of Bed Wilkes, recent 
ly purchased by Bass from James A. Graham, who 
owned the dam, the great brood mare Bemembranee, 
the daughter of George Wilkes that produced El Ba- 
necia, 2:17} ; Virginia Jim, 2:12}, etc. This colt is 
good gaited, and acts as if he would go fast and in 
crease the list of performers and producers to the 
credit of his dam. 



Mr. 8. F. Chapman, of Gordonsville, will stand for 
public service, during the season of 1903, the large, 
handsome bay stallion Wealth, 2:37}, by Gambetta 
Wilkes, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk, the sire of Miss 
Nelson, 2:11}. Breeders and owners of desirable 
mares in that vicinity who wish to mate them with a 
richly bred and fast trotting bred stallion can mate 
no mistake in patronizing Wealth. Gambetta Wilkes 
is one of the finest looking and most successful sons of 
the immortal George Wilkes. As a sire of new stan- 
dard performers, he leads all others, having seventeen 
of his get enter the list, among them being Wealth; 
whose record of 2:17} does not indicate his speed limit 
by long odds, as he was timed separately in a race in 
2:08. Wealth will stand for service during 1903, at 
the very moderate sum of $20 the season with return 
privilege, or $25 to insure. 



At the recent Fasig Tipton Company's big New 
York sale of trotters and pacers, J. L. Justis, Parkes- 
ley, Va., secured a well bred three jear old in the 
bay filly Miss Penn, 2:29, by William Penn, 2:07}, 
dam Sister Willing, by Willing, son of Wilton. She 
fell to his bid of $230. D. S. Jones, of Newport News, 
was also on hand, and paid $300 for the bay yearling 
filly, by Oakland Baron, 2:09}, dam Minnie P., 2:10}, 
by Earnest, son of Volunteer. Oakland Baron got 
the famous blind trotter Bhythmic, 2:08, and this filly 
is entered in the Hartford Futurity, $10,000. At the 
same sale the Eastern Shore of Virginia breeders, the 
Floyd Brothers, of Bridgetown, secured a likely pros- 
pect for speed and race horse quality in the Texas- 
bred colt, Bed Oliver, foaled 1901, by Electrite, 2:28}, 
out of the great brood mare, Lady May, dam of six in 
the list, by Port Leonard. Bed Oliver is a full brother 
to the fast trotter Blondie, 2:13}, and is well engaged 
in stakes, among them the Hartford and Kentucky 
Futurities. This colt was purchased to place in the 
Stud, and his speed will be developed by the Messrs. 
Floyd, who look for him to make a sire of note. 

In the bay stallion Great Stakes, 2:20, by Billy 
Thornhill, dam Sweepstakes, by Sweepstakes, W. H. 
Nelson, 1416 E. Franklin street, Bichmond, Va., offers 
for service a trotting sire of tested capacity as a sire 
of speed. He was a trotter himself and good race- 
horse along with it, while in the Stud he has gotten 
good performers like Captain, 2:16}, pacing ; Foxhall, 
2:191 ; W. H. N., 2:23}, and others able to get out and 
win money. For several years Great Stakes headed 
the Foxhall Stud, Norfolk, Va., where a number of 
his get are still owned and thought highly of. Great 
Stakes will stand for mares during 1903 at a service fee 
of $25 the season. 



In the Christmas issue of "The Horseman," which 
is attractive in design and full of interesting read- 
ing matter, is a cut of the twin stables of E. E. 
Smathers and the former Bichmonder, A. B. Gwath- 
mey. The buildings and land cot these gentlemen 
over $100,000, while the trotters and pacers kept for 
road driving represent a tidy sum as well. Among 
the horses owned by Mr. Smathers is the famous Lord 
Derby, 2:05}. Mr. Gwathmey has among others Tiv- 
erton, 2:12$ ; Tudor Chimes, 2:13, and Senator Mills, 
2:29}, a son of Electrite, bred in Texas. The Senator 
has trotted quarters in 30 seconds — a two minute gait 
— and will be driven on the Harlem Biver Speedway. 



The services of the Hackney stallion Heidrick, by 
Imp. Danegelt, dam Imp. Heroine, are offered breed- 
ers during 1903 at the moderate sum of $10 the sea- 
son, or $15 to insure, by Messrs. C. J. and Joseph But- 
ton, Laurel Hill Farm, Walker' S| Ford, Va. This horse 
is a nice bay in color, sixteen hands high, and richly 
bred, while he has great natural action and should 
sire grand looking harness horses. He has a nice dis- 
position with an even temper, and these, along with 
soundness and fine size, are transmitted to the foals 
sired by him. 



1903. J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB 



37 



The Orange Horseman's Association, whose annual 
Horse Shows are held at Orange, Va., met there re 
cently acd elected officers. The success of the Asso 
elation since its organization has been remarkable, as 
after paying for improvements to their new grounds 
a nice balance remains in the treasury, and the out 
look for the season of 1903 is of a most encouraging 
nature. Good men are at the helm, and the affairs of 
the Association have been wisely managed from the 
beginning. The following gentlemen were elected offi- 
cers : President, W. W. Sandford ; Vice- Presidents, 
William Dupont, B. C. Booten, W. G. Crenshaw, Jr. ; 
Secretary and Treasurer, L. S. BIcketts ; Directors, 
C. C. Taliaferro, P. B. Perry, H. A. Willis, J. T. 
Lightfoot, William C. Williams, H. D. Holladay, Jr., 
J. W. McComb and L. S. Bicketts. 



Mr. W. W. Sanford, the new president of the Orange 
Horseman's Association, is well calculated to fill the 
position, as, aside from his business qualifications, he 
is an able Judge of form, and as the proprietor of 
Woodley Stock Farm, OraDge, Virginia, he is widely 
known as an owner, breeder and exhibitor of hunters, 
jumpers and harness horses. 



Mr. Harry Hogshead, a well known druggist and 
breeder, Staunton, Va., is wintering his trotters near 
there, and reports them in eood shape. He has the 
large, handsome and well bred stallion Prince Bed 
wood, trial, trotting, 2:16}, by Prince Eugene, 2:21f, 
out of the great brood mare Speedy Fanny, daai of 
Sady M., 2:13£, etc., by Black's Hambletonian, and 
the brood mares Fanny Keystone, by Keystone, and 
Psychine, formerly known as Hilpa, by Wilkes Boy. 
The latter dropped a nice colt this year by Howson, 
eon of Bed Leo, and was bred to Prince Bed wood, as 
was Fanny Keystone. 

The well known North Carolina horseman, George 
M. Harden, of Baleigh, is wintering his stable of trot 
ters there, and among them is the young stallion 
Sweet Bector, by Director, 2:17}, dam Sweet Alca, by 
Alcazar ; also the fast chestnut mare Petronel, 2:19 j, 
by Expedition, 2:151, dam Petronel, by Onward. The 
latter made her record at Savannah this fall. She has 
shown a trial in 2:14f, going the latter half in 1:05 J, 
The brown gelding Bubico, 2:23}, by Pamlico, for 
several seasons a good bred winner of the Harden 
stable, has been exchanged with T. M. Arrasmith, of 
Greensboro, for the Tennessee bred pacer John T. 
Moore, a bay colt, foaled 1S99, by Hal Wooldridge, 
dam by Locomotive, second dam by John Dillard. 
Mr. Harden also owns the good brood mare Burtie 
Wilkes, by Bed Wilkes, dam Burtie Amos, by Blue 
Bull, and her foal of 1902, a bay filly by Sweet Bector. 

The black gelding General Johnson, by Lynne Bel, 
dam Miss Mack, by Fairlawn, son of Nutwood, bred 
and formerly owned by Mr. Charles Sharp, Norfolk, 
Va., was one of the thousand and odd horses that 
passed through the Fasig Tipton Company's " Old 
Glory Sale" in New York, and John McGuire got a 
bargain in him at $700. The black son of Lynne Bel 
was consigned by W. L. James, of Baltimore, who 
has raced him for two seasons past and drove him to 
a record of 2:12}. 



C. A. Pusey, the veteran trainer and driver, who In 
the eighties won in grand circuit company with the 
Blue Bull mare Lona Giffin, 2:23}, and who during 
more recent years scored victories with Mosul; Bust- 
ler, 2:15}; Little Betz, 2:23}, and others, is now jog- 
ging a stable of well bred youngsters and a few older 
horses for S. P. Clay, the well known railroad con- 
tractor, whose place is out on Church Hill. Mr. Clay 
has recently purchased some good prospects by suc- 
cessful sires of speed, and Pusey hopes to get a few 
of them at least ready for the races another season. 



Algernon Daingerfield has sold to John E. Madden, 
Lexington, Ky., the chestnut mare Lady Scarlet, 
foaled 1896, by Strathmore, dam Pappoose, sister te 
Parole, by imported Leamington. Lady Scarlet is a 
half sister to Mirthful, dam of Aceful. Mr Dainger- 
field has recently sustained quite a loss in the death, 
which occurred in Virginia, of the bay filly All Saints, 
4, by St. Saviour, dam imported St. Cypria, by im- 
ported St. Gatien. The former Virginian, Algernon 
Daingerfield, now assistant secretary of the Washing- 
ton Jockey Club, and who divides his time between 
Washington and Lexington, Ky., was married on De- 
cember 7th to Miss Margaret Duncan, daughter of 
Mayor Henry T. Duncan, of Lexington. 

Mr. Bobert Neville, Welbourne, Va , has recently 
purchased and added to his stud, the black horse 
Black Dick, foaled 1898, by Sir Dixon, dam Merdin, 
by Hindoo. The horse was purchased at public auc- 
tion, and $1,550 was the price paid. 



W. C. Daly has sold to C. Mack the Virginia-bred 
gelding Alsike, a bay, foaled 1896, by Flatlands, dam 
Lucky Clover, by Bersan. Alsike is a product of the 
Fort Chiswell Stud of J. H. McGavock, Max Meadows. 

Beoad Bock. 



SEEDINQ GRASS. 



Editor Southern Planter : 

A method of seeding grass seed adopted by a few 
farmers in my neighborhood, may interest many of 
your readers who fail in getting a stand of grass. 

The quantity of seed for an acre (and it should be 
liberal), is thoroughly mixed with a quantity of fer- 
tilizer required for the same amount of land. It is 
then bagged and taken to the field and placed in the 
drill to be delivered with the wheat or oat crop or by 
itself, as the case may be. Two advantages are gained 
by this method. The grass seed, whether orchard 
grass, clover, timothy, or other, comes in direct 
contact with the fertilizer, and it is put deep enough 
to come in contact with moisture without dying for 
lack of it, as it frequently doe3 when placed near the 
surface. W; G. M. 

Albemarle Co..Va. 



Mention the Planter to your friends. 



38 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



niscellaneous. 



FENCE LAWS IN VIRGINIA. 

We are glad to notice that a member of the House 
of Delegates of Virginia (Mr. D. H. Leake) has intro 
duced a bill having for its object the changing of the 
present law as to fences in this State. At present, an 
owner of land in Virginia must fence out his neigh- 
bor's stock if he desires to have full and peaceful en 
joyment of that property which he has bought and 
paid for. If the bill becomes a law, as we most heart- 
ily hope that it will, this obnoxious and unjnst position 
will be at an end, and each owner of land must fence 
In his stock and keep it from trespassing on any other 
man's property. This object we sought to accomplish 
in the suit which was carried to the Court of Appeals 
two or three years ago, in which it was contended that 
the present system was unconstitutional. The Court 
decided against this view in a judgment which we have 
always regarded as a most shallow one reached by ar 
gumonts which could not stand the test of careful con 
sideration and based much more on sentiment than 
reason. The patron of the bill has promised to send 
us a copy of it as soon as printed, when we will pub 
lish the same. Meanwhile, we would ask farmers 
everywhere in the State who desire to have the peace- 
ful and fall enjoyment of their own property to write 
their representatives in the Senate and House asking 
them to support Mr. Leake's bill and assist its passage 
in every way possible. Until such a law is passed, we 
can never make that progress in live stock husbandry 
which means so much to the State. 



IRRIGATION. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

Accepting your invitation contained in the last issue 
of jour valuable journal, to say something on the sub 
ject indicated above, I would say to " Greenhorn,' 1 '' 
" Be not discouraged at the ridicule your ideas in this 
regard may excite among your neighbors. I am a na- 
tive Virginian myself, as were my fathers for seven 
generations before me, and know how hard it is for 
them to see any better way of farming than the meth- 
ods pursued by their fathers before them. Take heart ; 
you may be in error as to details, but you are on the 
right track." 

There was in my father's library an old geography, 
written ;by a man named Morse, and published about 
the year 1810, in which, in alluding to the climate of 
Virginia, the writer stated that the greatest drawback 
to agriculture in the State was the fact that, as a rule, 
drought cut short the crops. That this is true is be 
yond question, notwithstanding the abundance of rain 



in the State during the last two years. When crops 
fail, such failure cannot be charged to the soil or to 
other climatic conditions ; but may be generally traced 
to the lack of moisture at some period of their growth. 
The past summer and autumn have been exceptiona- 
bly wet and seasonable, and the result is that, in my 
section of country, no such abundant crops have been 
seen for years. That irrigation would, where the con- 
ditions are such as to enable the farmer to practice it 
properly, be of vast benefit here, cannot be doubted. 
If irrigation pays in the arid parts of the West, as a 
matter of course it would pay here when moisture i* 
needed by the crops. It is practiced in the State of 
Utah, because no rain is expected. It is not practiced, 
as a rule, here, because, no matter how dreadful the 
drought, the farmer hopes and prays for " the early 
and the latter rains." But if he was prepared to irri- 
gate his arid fields, and the rains did come so as to 
render his artificial means of supplying water unne- 
cessary, he would be as well or better off than the man 
who depends entirely upon irrigation. 

Now for seven years I have practiced irrigation upon 
a very small scale, not as an experiment, but because 
I have found by experience that it was one of the most 
interesting, satisfactory and paying institutions within 
my reach. 

In 1895 I formed a garden on a meadow, through 
which ran a never failing brook. It was a fiat piece 
of land in the shape of a parallelogram, about one hun- 
dred yards long from east to west and about seventy 
yards wide. The brook approaches it from the west, 
the fall being east. On the south side a ditch conducts 
the stream along the side of the garden, and a dike on 
the south and west sides protect it from high water in 
time of freshets. It is also ditched on the other two 
sides, and thoroughly underdrained. The rows of veg- 
etables run lengthways — from west to east — the direc- 
tion of the fall, and the cultivation is mainly done by 
horses, the rows being about one hundred yards long. 
When irrigation is needed, by a simple and inexpen- 
sive contrivance, water is brought to the upper end, 
and run down the rows of the vegetables to which it 
is desirable to apply it until the ground is sufficiently 
soaked, when it is shut off — the surplus water escaping 
into the eastern ditch. The result has been a wealth 
of vegetation I have never seen elsewhere ; and by this 
method I have succeeded in doing what I could never 
do before — namely, raise enormous crops of celery and 
late oabbage, and have English peas and spinach dur- 
ing the entire summer. Even last summer there were 
occasions when I resorted to irrigation with excellent 
results — e. g., when I planted celery, late beans, etc 



1903 J 



THE SOUTHERN PLA2TT 8 R. 



In dry seasons, when neighboring gardens were parch 
•d and dry, this one revelled in luxuriant verdure. 

That irrigation would be far more successful when 
applied to grass lands in Virginia cannot be doubted. 

Goochland Co., Va. M., of Nobthside. 



IRRIGATION PROBLEnS IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter : 

The article in the December number of your jour- 
nal, entitled " Irrigation Problems in Virginia," deals 
with a question which this office has been studying for 
several years, and it may be that our experience will 
be of some service in helping to answer the inquiry of 
your correspondent. 

Speaking broadly, the investigation of this office to 
determine the value of irrigation in the humid por 
tions of the United States has shown that there are 
few sections where, at some time during the growing 
season, the ability to apply water, if for a brief period 
only, would not secure largely increased yields ; but 
no general answer can be returned as to whether or 
not this kind of irrigation will pay. It depends in 
part upon the outlay required to provide a water sup 
ply, the character of the water, the soil to which it is 
applied, and the kinds of crops grown. The best re- 
sults thus far secured have come from the irrigation 
of crops having a high acreage value Irrigation of 
small fruits has almost always proren profitable. The 
irrigation of rice in Louisiana and Texas and enor 
mously advanced land values and transformed the in- 
dustrial conditions of a large portion of the Gulf Coast. 
Prof. Waters, of tho State Agricultural Experiment 
Station of Missouri, believes that in that State an 
outlay of $200 an acre can b8 profitably made for the 
purpose of irrigating nursery stock. Ability to irri 
gate young trees during the midsummer drouth of that 
State enables them to be marketed a year sooner than 
would otherwise be possible, and makes them larger 
and of better form, so that they command a higher 
price. 

The irrigation of small fruitfe. tas proven generally 
profitable in New Jersey, and the market gardeners 
around Boston are nearly all equipped with facilities 
for irrigating their more val< able crops. 

The invention of the gasoline engine and the im 
provements made in pumping machinery are making 
it possible to supply water for small tracts at a less 
outlay and with greater assurance of success than was 
possible ten years ago. Hence, the number of irriga- 
tors east of the Mississippi river is rapidly increasing 
The greatest progress which is being made is in the 
South, and it is here that the conditions promise the 
most satisfactory results. During the past year this 
office furnished advice, and in some cases prepared 



plans for installing a considerable number of pumping 
plants by farmers, and there are a number of requests 
on file for assistance of this kind in the spring of 1903. 

The following extract from the report of an irriga- 
tion plant, installed last summer, may be of interest 
to your inquirer and others. This report waa furnished 
by Mr. Hamilton Yancey, of Rome, Georgia, who is 
pumping water from the Coosa river for about 400 
acres of land. This pump is driven by a 35 horse- 
power engine, lifts water 30 feet, and has a capacity 
of 2,000 gallons per minute. It was not completed 
until July 25. The season was unusually dry, and on 
July 25 a field of corn planted in June was not over 
4 to 8 inches in height, bleached almost white, and 
apparently dying. On the evening of July 25 and 
succeeding day this field was irrigated by running 
water between the rows, a considerable portion of the 
field, however, being flooded. Without irrigation there 
could have been no crop. This single irrigation pro- 
duced a yield of between 50 and 60 bushels to the acre. 

Another field of early corn had reached the earing 
stage when the pump was completed. It was suffering 
severely for water, the tassels bleached and the corn 
in twist. Four to six hours after the irrigation, the 
stalks gave evidence of reviving, and a good crop o 
corn and heavy yield of fodder were harvested. Other 
fields near by were cut for forage only, no ears ap- 
pearing on the stalks. 

Mr. Yancey writes as follows about his oat crop s 

I may add, for the first time in my planting experi- 
ence and knowledge, my full oat crop, after reaching 
a fine growth of straw, failed to make seed from the 
absolute want of moisture. Had I been prepared to 
give one good irrigation to this field of oats in the 
early part of May last, the yield would have practi- 
cally paid for the installation of my plant. 

It is believed that there are few sections in the 
South where it will not pay farmers or gardeners to 
provide for the irrigation of from one to ten acres of 
land Whether or not it will pay for the general field 
cultivation of crops can only be determined by the 
conditions of each particular case. In the case of 
your correspondent, much will depend on the charac- 
ter of the soil. I question whether irrigation will 
produce as great an increase in yield on a Vir- 
ginia farm as on the lands of the arid region. These 
lands are very rich in the mineral elements of plant 
life, because the arid climate has prevented their fer- 
tility being leached out. All that they need to be- 
come enormously productive is water. As a rule, 
water does not supply the elements which make land 
productive. It simply makes them available. If the 
Virginia lands are not fertile to begin with, water 
alone will not make them so, and I doubt whether the 
benefits of the silt spoken of will be as great as an- 
ticipated. 



40 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



Another question which would need to be looked 
into would be the drainage of these lands. If there 
is good natural drainage, the results will be much 
more satisfactory than if this is laeking. The amount 
of water mentioned would be sufficient, and if the soil 
conditions are favorable, I see no reason why the irri 
gation of hay land would not both increase the yield 
and the quality of the product. Meadows are being 
irrigated in Italy and England at a profit, both coun- 
tries in which the rainfall is equal in amount and as 
well distributed as in the South. 

Bulletin 1 19 of this office contains the reports of 
studies of irrigation in the humid sections for 1901. 
It can be had on request. 

Sincerely yours, 

Elwood Mead, 
Chief of Irrigation Investigations. 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 



IRRIGATION. 



Editor Southern Planter: 

In your December issue, your correspondent from 
Hanover county, under title of "Irrigation Problems 
in Virginia," states his case in terms identically par 
allel to my own, even down to the ridicule of my 
neighbors for entertaining the "foolish notion." 

Every ssason finds some one of my crops cut nearly 
half in two for want of moisture. This fact keeps the 
thought alive in my mind, but I still lack the "nerve" 
to brook all opposition and go ahead and irrigate. 

My situation is : The floods and freshets in times 
past have graded and leveled off over 100 acres of my 
farm ready for the irrigator. A lift of 20 feet will put 
the water over the bank, and gravity ditches will 
carry it all over the land. I can install a plant for 
pumping the water with link belt elevator giving 600 
gallons of water per minute for something like $200. 
I have on hand the engine and wood to run it. I es 
timate that at a cost of 25 cents I can pump one inch 
of water over one acre of land. If three good flood- 
ings will make a crop in the West, where they have 
little or no rain to help out, it ought to make a crop 
here. Two inches of water at a flooding would mean 
six inches for the season, costing $1.50 per acre. 

Heat, light, food and water are the essentials for a 
full crop. The food and water are in man's power to 
supply. If the water is deficient, so is the crop, even 
though the heat, light and food be present. The ques 
tion is, if $1,50 per acre will give you six inches of 
water, is there not a big profit in supplying it? 

Let your answer be yea or nay. I am aware that 
there is a great deal in i he "kno f how " to irrigate ; 
ehat it takes experience to tell vhen and how much 
water to apply. It is alont? this line that the Eastern 
irrigator, I fear, will experience his greatest troubles. 
Let on the light, particularly at this point, as well as 
on the entire subject. 

Another Greenhorn. 

Rockingham Co., Va. 



OUR ILLUSTRATIONS. 

We had hoped to have illustrated the live stoek ar- 
ticles in this issue with pictures of some of the fine 
stock kept by Southern breeders, many of whom are 
our subscribers. In response to our appeals for pho- 
tographs, we received very many pictures, but regret 
to say that they were uniformly of such a defective 
character that our engravers could not use them to 
make plates from. They were almost invariably small 
pictures taken with Kodak Cameras by amateurs, and 
it is impossible for satisfactory plates to be made from 
such work. We were therefore compelled to resort to 
other outside sources. The pictures showing cattle in 
three positions have been reproduced from photo- 
graphs made at the Buffalo Exposition for the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture by one of the best animal pho- 
tographers in the country. The single column pie- 
tures are from photographs or plates made for the 
owners of the animals, or from plates kindly supplied 
to us by the Secretaries of the different Breed Associ- 
ations, to whom our acknowledgments are due and 
tendered for their courtesy. The pictures of the sheep 
are from photographs most kindly supplied by the 
proprietors of the "American Sheep Breeder," Chi- 
cago, to whose courtesy and ready response to our ap- 
peal for help we desire to tender our warmest thanks. 
We believe no such perfect pictures of fine stock as 
appears in this issue have ever before been published 
in any Southern journal. 



THE INTERNATIONAL STOCK SHOW, CHICAGO, 

1903. 

Since our live stock forms were made up and print- 
ed we have received reports of the premiums awarded 
at the greatest stock show ever held which has just 
closed at Chicago. We take the following comment 
on these from the Breeders 1 Gazette : 

" It was a 'black year' at the show. The grade Ab- 
erdeen-Angus bullock was dominant. Whether in the 
pavilion, in the pens or in the slaughter test, the color 
was 'black and all black.' Never has a breed accom- 
plished such sweeping victories at a fat stock show. 
Two out of three of the breed championships by ages, 
the grand championship of the show, the grand cham- 
pion herd and reserve for the herd, fell to the blacks 
within the building, while in the pens the carload lots 
made almost as sweeping a victory. On the block it 
was repeated, as five of the ten prizes for carcasses fell 
to the ' blackskins,' together with the championship." 

The Short horns, Hereloru ^> , < . . Galloways were close 
followers of the Angus in quality in the order men- 
tioned, and each breed was represented by remarka- 
ble exhibits. The Bed Polls also made a good showing. 



IMS.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



41 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

TIE SMTHERM PLANTER PUBLISHING MX 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Month. 



J. F. JACKSON, 

Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 

Business Manages. 



TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. 
Rate card furnished on application. 



TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 

Tbe Southern Planter is mailed to sub- 
nrlber* in the United States and Canada at 
69c per annum ; all foreign countries and the 
City of Richmond, 75c. 

K«ra i tt an wg should be made direct to this 
offloe, either by Registered Letter or Money 
Order, which will be at our risk. When made 
otherwise we cannot be responsible. 

Always give the Name of the Post Office 
to which your paper is sent. Your name can- 
not be found on our books unless this Is done. 

Subscribers failing to receive their paper 

Sromptly and regularly, will confer a favor 
y reporting the fact at once. 

The Date on your Label shows to what 
time your subscription is paid. 

We Invite Farmers to write us on any 
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
cles, Suggestions How to Improve The 
PIiAKTxb, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots, 
or Vegetables not generally known, Particu- 
Ian of Experiments Tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions Rent us must not be fur- 
nished other papers until after tbey have ap- 
peared in our columns. Rejected matter wi li 
be returned on receipt of postage. 

tlo anonymous communications or en- 
quiries will receive attention. 

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTED. ' 

RICHMOND. VA. 



Detail Index to Enquirer's 
Column. 

Utilization of Dead Animals 6 

Fall and Winter Plowing 6 

Service of Sow.. 6 

Canada Peas 6 

Grazing Wheat 7 

A Dark Cow Barn 7 

Lightening a Clay Soil - 7 

Lame Horse „ 7 

Paature Grasses for Light Land 7 



A Neat BINDER for your back nam- 
ben can be had for 26 cents. Addreai 
the Business Offloe. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



To Correspondents. 

NotwithstandiDg the fact that we 
have largely increased the space 
which we usually give to commu- 
nications from correspondents, we 
are compelled to hold over a num 
ber of interesting articles for which 
we have no space. The matter pub- 
lished will, however, we hope, be 
found so full of interest and in- 
struction as to compensate for that 
omitted. In our next issue we will 
endeavor to find space for the mat- 
ter held over and for such further 
communications as may reach us 
before the 20th of the month. We 
cannot undertake to publish any 
communications which do not reach 
us before the 20th of the month 
previous to the date of issue. 



A Word of Acknowledgment and 
Thanks. 

In sending out the first issue of 
the 64th volume of The Planter we 
desire to offer our warmest thanks 
to the farmers of the South for the 
support they have accorded us du 
ricg the year just passed. We have 
added more subscribers to our list 
than ever before were added in any 
single year of The Planter's long 
life, and we have received an innu 
merable number of letters from 
readers of the journal compliment 
ing us on the work we are doing 
for the farmers. It would require 
a volume nearly as large as the 
year's issue of The Planter to pub 
lish even a selectiou from these let 
ters. It is very gratifying to us to 
receive these commendations, and 
imparts a 6 time Ins to us to en 
deavor to do still more for our 
readers in the year now beginning. 
We promise that no effort on our 
part shall be wantin.' to make The 
Planter still more \r eful to South- 
ern farmers. We '.ink that this 
issue will be eviden ; e of this. We 
believe we are c( r i ect in saying 
that never before hag any South 



WOOD'S 

GARDEN SEEDS 

Do best in t' e " Sunny South, be- 
cause they are specially grown and 
selected with a full knowledge of 
the conditions and requirements of 
our section. Twenty-five years ex- 
perience and practical growing of 
all the different vegetables, enables 
us to know the very best, and to 
offer seeds that will give pleasure, 
satisfaction and profit to all who 
plant them. 

WOOD'S NEW SEED BOOK FOR 1903 

v Ready early in January) is full of 
good things, and gives the most 
reliable information about all 
seeds, both for the farm and 
garden. 

T. W. WOOD & SONS, 

Seedsmen, • Richmond, Va. 




WIRK FENCE 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, 
oolled spring wire, Bure Grip look. In strength, 
appearanoe, and durability, the Hard Steel 
cannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and 
prices. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO . 

Cuyahoga Falls, OMa. 



The Strongest Fence 

In existenre is our Truss and Cable 
Wire Board Fence. Six wires in every 
strand. Costs less, lasts longer, more 
easily built than any other. Sold di- 
rect from factory at wholesale prices. 
Agents wanted. Sample free. 

1 HE TRUSS & CABLE FENCE CO., 
329 Federal Bldg., Youngstown, Ohio. 




ORIGINAL. 

Wewern we-ivlns Page Coiled Wire Fence maij 
years before any other Fence company, now in ex- 
istence, \v is in business. We are weaving it yet. 
PA'Uti IV IM B.N WIKE h'KNCKI <>., * II Kl. 4 N.MICH. 

LAWN FENCE 

. Many designs. Cheap at 
' wood. 32 page Catalogs* 
(free. 8peel»l Prlcnt.Cc-o- 
j torlotandChurehos. Addrese 
COILED SPRING FI NCI CO. 
BOX Q,, Winchester, Ind, 



mHXMm?0Mi 






ARM FENCE 

PRICE AND QUALITY 
WILL PLEASE YOU— ' 
WRITE US NOW. 

•DOW WIRE WORKS- Louisville.Ky, 





FENCE! 



STRONGEST 

MADE. Ball, 
strong. Chicken- 
tight. Sold to the Farmer at Wholesale 
Price*. Fully Warranted. Catalog Free. 

COLLED 8f RING FKNCK CO., 
Box S9 Wlaehestor, bdiaaa, U. 8. A. 



42 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



HOW'S THIS ! 
We offer One Hundred Dollars reward 
for any case of Catarrh that can not be 
cured hy Hall's Catarrh Cure. 

F. J. CHENEY & CO., Prop's, 
Toledo, 0. 

We, the undersigned, have known F. J. 
Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe 
him perfectly honorable in all business 
transactions, and financially able to carry 
out any obligation made by their firm. 
Whst & Truax, Wholesale Druggists, 

Toledo, 0. 
Warding, Kinnan & Marvin, 
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O. 

Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally 
acting directly upon the blood and mu- 
cous surfaces of the system. Price 75c. 
per bottle. Sold by all druggists. Testi- 
monials free. 

Hall's Family Pills are the best. 



em agricultural journal published 
such a fine series of pictures of live 
stock as appears in this issue. They 
are true to the breeds represented, 
and finely bring out the points em- 
phasized in the articles to which 
they form pendants. We trust the 
effect may be to arouse in readers 
a desire and determination to have 
better bred live stock, and this will 
certainly result in greater profit. 
Although we have so3 much to be 
thankful for, yet, like Oliver Twist, 
we still "ask for more." We want 
each reader of this issue to see his 
neighbor or friend, and show him 
The Planter, and tell him of its 
merits, and secure if possible a new 
sub3criber for us. Ask him to give 
you 50 cents, and send the same to 
us with his name and address, and 
you can rest assured that he will, 
when he has read The Planter a 
year, thank you for having done 
him the greatest kindness, whilst 
we shall fetl ourselves under a deep 
obligation to you. 



Read the Advertisement; 

In this issue will be found the ad- 
vertising matter of most of the well 
known business houses with whom 
farmers have need to have dealings. 
We ask for these advertisements 
the careful attention of all our read- 
ers. We can assure our f lends 
that there is not to our knowledge 
an advertisement from any house 
or merchant in this issue with whom 



UJ 

O 



UJ 



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WfCKHEAUNG POWERS 

IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES REQUIRING 
AN EFFICACIOUS EXTERNAL REMEDY.z=^ 



< 

o 



m 

> 

m 



m 



< 
> 

O 

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inszmMMMmMzm 






CD 



|»Prepared Only By^s: 

*=SOLE PROPRIETORS^ 

BALTIMOH£// v \ r D, 

JL* U.S. A, 




rn 



Tl 

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a 



EXACT SIZE Oh BOTTLE. 

TAKE NO SUBSTITUTE. 



W03J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



43 



any farmer need have any donbt 
whatsoever as to dealing. We ex 
erclse the greatest care at all times 
in keeping out of our columns 
the advertisements of all "fakirs" 
and dishonorable firms, and posi- 
tively refuse to carry any adver- 
tisements of an immoral tendency, 
and we make it part of our duty to 
see that no one whose advertise 
ment appears in our columns takes 
any unfair advantage of any of our 
subscribers. While we cannot guar- 
antee that stock or any other article 
offered comes up to the full require- 
ments of what such stock or other 
article should do according to re- 
quirements of any standard, yet we 
can and do require that it should 
reasonably satisfy such require 
ments, and if it fails to do so we do 
do not hesitate to publish the facts 
and expose the advertiser, and will 
not in future carry his adver 
tisements. We do not intend that 
any purchaser through our columns 
shall be imposed upon by any ad 
vertiser, and will use every means 
in our power to prevent this. 



FISTULA. AND POLL EVIL. 

Both Fistula and Poll Evil are far more 
prevalent throughout the Southern States 
than in the North, and moat forms of 
treatment that have been recommended 
have either failed entirely or cared only 
in occasional caseB. A remedy that can 
be relied upon to cure these diseases is 
capable of saving hundreds of thousands 
of dollars annually to Southern horee 
owners. Fleming Brothers, a firm of 
chemists located at the largest live etock 
market in the world, manufacture a line 
of veterinary remedies that are unique in 
that they are made to cure the most difB. 
cult diseases and blemishes known to 
veterinary science. One of these reme- 
dies is Fleming's Fistula and Poll Evil 
Cure, which they guarantee to cure asy 
case of either disease, no matter of how 
long standing. Another is for the cure 
of Lump Jaw in cattle. Still others cure 
Bone Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, 
Sweeny, etc. A cure for Knee-Sprung in 
horses is their latest achievement in the 
•veterinary field, and this, like all their 
other preparations, is backed up by a 
positive gua antee. Readers of this paper 
who will write to Fleming Bros., No. 22 
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111., stating 
the kind of a case they have to treat, will 
receive two instructive booklets free. 



When corresponding with advertisers, 
kindly mention that you saw their adver- 
tisement in the Southern Planter. 



FOUNDED 

1802. 



GOLD MEDALS: 

Paris, 1900. Pan-Americau 1901. 



J^X 




For over a hundred years have been^universally recognized 
as the standard of excellence. They received the GOLD 
MEDALS (the highest award) both at the Paris Exposition 
of 1900 and at the Pan-American, 1901. 



— the I02d successive annual edition — con- 
tains a more complete assortment and fuller 



Our 

v-CllOIUCJU\^ cultural directions than any other seed annual 
published. It is beautifully illustrated, not with highly colored 
exaggerations, but with the finest half-tones from life photo- 
graphs. It contains 128 large size pages, and in addition 16 
full page half-tone plates, and is in every respect and with- 
out exception the most complete, most reliable, and most 
beautiful of American Garden Annuals. We will mail it free 
on receipt of 10 cents in stamps, which amount may be 
deducted from your first seed order. .... 

MflPkd" are ' nv ited to send for our special price-list 

i~* A r»c °^ m gh- c ' ass vegetable seeds for truckers and 

VlCll UdlfCI »3 large market growers. It contains all sorts 
of approved merit. 

J. M. THORBURN & CO., 

36 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK. 



The Tomato 

never has been produced that can equal in | 
flavor and fine form our 

NEW CENTURY TOMATO. 

Bred and trained for years, this tomato is extra large 
and heavy, hardy, early, free from blight, and will not 
crack nor scald. Pronounced by growers remarkably 
solid, full fleshed and free from seed. The right size and color to bring the 
price on the market, it pleases the eye and brings most money. Ships and 
keeps unusually well. 800 bus. per acre is the record for this tomato and the 
seed is all controlled by us. Write to-day for our new illustrated catalogue, 
showing our New Leader Cabbage, Dark Fortune Cucumber, Ruby King 
Radish, Rocky Ford Cantaloupe, Alaska Peas, Valentine Beans, Gradus 
Peas, and all of our big line of garden and field seeds. It is free. Write now. 
J. BOLGIANO & SON. Dept. P 7, Baltimore, Md.^ 



44 



THE BOUTHBBN PLASTER. 



[January 



PLANET JR 



It is easy to plant, but somethine 
I more to properly care for a garden. 
JThe amateur gardener, the flower I 
I gardener and the market gardener 
[who grow vegetables for profit will I 
f each find in this 

•Pla.i\et Jr." No. 12 Wheel Hoe 
the best and most efficient garden 
tool ever offered the public. Cul- 
tivates all vegetables astride or be- 
tween the rows; deep or shallow; 
kills all weeds; breaks up the top 
crust after rains; saves the soil mois- 
ture, plows, opens furrows, etc. 
Adjustable to various width 
rows. One man can do more 
work with it and do it 
^XJ^si^s. easier and better than six 
4©^V^ men can do with 
si $$^N^^ common hoes. 



They are so easy to handle that 
many boys and even girls operate 
them successfully. 

This is but one of the fifty 
seeding and cultivating imple- 
ments which we make. The list 
includes plain and combined 
Seed Sowers. Wheel Hoes, Hand 
Cultivators. Walking Cultivators, 
and One and Two-Horse Riding 
Cultivators, Special Sugar Beet 
i Tools, etc. Our new 1903 cata- 1 
I logue is just published. It contains over 
1 100 illustrations with full descriptions I 

and prices. It cos'.s you nothing and 
I will make you money. Write us forit. 
S. I. ALLEN & CO,, 
Box 1107-X, Philadelphia, Pa, 



PlilKJR 



STEEL ROOFING 

FREIGHT CHARGES PAID RY US 

Strictly new. perfect. Semi - Hardened 
SteeJ Sheets, 2 feet wide, 6 feet long. The 
best Roofing, Siding or Oiling you con use. 
No experience necessary to iay it. An 
ordinary hammer or hatchet the only 
tools you need. We furnish nails free 
and paint roofing two sides. Cornea 
either flat, corrugated or "V" crimped. 
Delivered free of all charge* to ali points 
in the U. S., east of the Mississippi River 
and North of the Ohio River 

AT $2.25 PER SQUARE 

Prices, to other points on application. A square means 104 
square feet. Write for free Catalogue No Ibb 
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., W. 35th and Iron Sis., Chicago 




OUR LOW KITCH DISC HARROW 



Best, simplest, strong- 
est and most durable 
Dltc Harrow made. A.11 
steel. Double levers. 
Low hitch. Center 
draft. All sizes 
With or with- 
out seeding 
attachments. 
Write for cir- 
culars and 
prices 
TOLEDO PLOW CO., 




Toledo, Ohio 



8 



END YOUR NAME 

for ourspecia! 15 day trial proposition on the 
DANDY GREEN BONE CUTTER. 
The fastest and easi-.t made. It will double 
you- csg yield. Price?") up. 

STRATTO.i M,6. CO., BOX 76 ERIE, PA. 




YOU CAN KEEP WARM WHEN OUT 

DRIVING AT A COST OF 

TWO CENTS PER DAY. 

Who has not heard of the Lehman 
heater? The man who uses, during the 
winter, an open buggy or a closed carriage 
can make himself comfortable by i(s use. 
The cold weather is now about to visit us, 
and a demand for some handy and un- 
cumbersome appliance to obviate the 
frigidity of the winter climate is appa- 
rent, and the les9 cumbersome and more 
useful the article the more acceptable it 
is The achievement has been reached 
by the Lehman heater. It takes up but 
little room, is always ready and for two 
cents will keep a carriage warm for twelve 
hours in the depth of winter. 

Twenty years ago the bulk of the peo- 
ple slept in a cold room, waking and 
dressing in it, and went forth into a prac- 
tically cold house,, breakfast being gener- 
ally over before the inadequate furnace 
arrangement of those days sent heat 
through all the house or apartments. 
The consequence was that injury to health 
ensued. As above stated, the Lehman 
heater fills the bill. It should be more 
generally known. It is made in the sol- 
idest fashion and should be in the hands 
of every man who uses a horse convey- 
ance 

There are 1 75,000 in use by horsemen, 
etc , who speak very highly of them. 
You cannot enjoy your ride in cold 
weather without one. Don't fail to write 
for circular and price list to Lehman 
Bros., manufacturers, 10 Bond street, New 
York, or J. W. Erringer, general Western 
sales agent, 297 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 
mentioning the Southern Planter. 

Duane H. Nash, of Millington, N. J., 
who is the long time advertiser and man- 
ufacturer of the famous Acme Pulverizer 
Harrow, Clod Crusher and Leveler, goes 
further to meet the purchaser on the sale 
of his implement than any manufacturer 
we have any knowledge of. Mr. Nash 
will send the Acme H»r to any man 
anywhere who ordew «t and will give 
him ample time to n» e a thorough test 
of its good qualities the preparation of 
any kind of soil, ur a any and all condi- 
tions, and for an* .op. 

If the Harrow /s not found to be en- 
tirely satisfactory in every way the pur- 
chaser may return it at Mr. Nash's ex- 
pense; That is a simple, straightforward 
business proposition which must com- 
mend itself to the mind of any fairly dis- 
posed man. It is further, a strong and 
indisputable evidence of the faith of the 
manufacturer in the high quality and 
utility of the implement which he is man- 
ufacturing. 

It is not necessary, however, for us to 
dwell upon the quality of the Acme Har- 
row. It has long been advertised in these 
columns, and we doubt not but that hun- 
dreds of our readers have bought and are 
now using them with success. In all these 
years we have never heard a single com- 
plaint either against Mr. Nash or the 
Acme Harrow. 

These Harrows are delivered free on 
board at distributing depots conveniently 
located, and can therefore be shipped 
promptly. 

Write the manufacturer for prices, 




Chsmberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N Y.. U. 8. A. 

PULLERS 




All Sizes and Prices. Catalogue Free. 
MOHLAND & COMPANY, 

BURLINGTON, IOWA. 



STUMP PULLER 

Most Powerful, Handiest 
and Strongest Built in 
the World. 

We make 4 kinds la sites 

to nuit all needs and of any 

desired strength. Saras time 

and does the work right. The 

" operation of suiting 

stumps and trees by oar 

methods is simple and 

easy. Send far Fraa 

Catalogue. 

CHICAOO STUMP MACHINE MPQ. CO., 

fflB I* Salle Street, Chttago, la. 




HERCULES STUMP PULLER 




Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day. 
Clean all stamps in a circle of 150 ft. without 
moving or changing machine. Strongest, 
most rapid working and bett made. 
Hercules Mfg. Co .413 17thSt..Centrevllle, lows. 




FREE 



From anxiety over 
wash day, are all who 
use a DILLEY QUE'EN 
WA«HER. We guaran- 
tee it to be the best. A 
trial machine sent at 
factory price. Agents 
wanted for exclusive 
territory. "Write for 

catalogue with full description. We will 

surely please you. 
LYONS WASHING MACHINE CO., Lyons, Mich. 



1W3] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



45 



PREPARE FOR 
WAR 

IN TIME OF PEACE! 




Whatever you iiitend to 
do about SPRAHNG pre- 
pare for it during the >» in- 
ter. Order your Spraying 
outfit and material now 
and you are prepared for 
war. 

Knapsack 

Sprayers, 
Barrel Pumps 
Bordeaux Mixture 

Insecticides, 

Fungicides, &c. 

LENOX SPRAYER & CHEMICAL CO., 

Dpt.ll. PITTSFIELD, MASS. 

WScnd for OUR BOOK ON SPRAYIN 




Get the Best 

A Good Spray Pump earns big _ 
profits and lasts for years. W 

THE EGUPSEl 

is a good pomp. As prac- I 
tical fruit growers we ■ 
were using the com- 
,mon sprayers in our 
own orchards — found 
■ their defects and then invented 
i The Eclipse. Its success 
• practically forced us into man- 
'• ufacturing on a large scale. 
You take no chances. We have 
done all the experimenting. 

Large fully illustrated 
Catalogue and Treatise 
on Spraying— FREE. 

MORRILL & MORLEY. Benton Harbor. Mich. 




The 



m 



*k 



\ 



Field 
Sprayer 



;>* 



A model im- 
plement for 
acreage 
work on 
Potatoes, Strawberries, 
Small Nursery Stock, etc. 

Sprays 4 mm of potatoes at once and 
adjusts fur vide or narrow rows. 

One Man Can Operate. 

Can be attached to any barrel sprayer and fitted 
to any wagon. Fitted with famous Bordeaux or 
Deming-Vermorel nozzles. We fit everybody's 
needs in bucket, barrel, knnpftiiek and other 
J sprayers. Write for free spraying catalogue. 
THE DEUING CO., Salem. Ohio. 

Htnion $ Huhbtll. Western Agte., Chicago, 111. 



CPRAY 



PUMPC 

ONKY ^kM 



MM Save Mon 

^^ by Buying One of Ours. 
They will do as much work, being all brass 
are lighter to handle and are more durable, 
will generate a higher pressure thereby mak- 
ing them the easiest pumps to operate on the 
market . Write for catalog and get treatise on 
spraying free. Agents wanted. Mention this 

Saper. J. F. Gay lord, Successor to P. C. Lewis 
lanufacturing Company, Catskill, N. C. 

Mention the Southern Planter when cor 
responding with advertisers. 



printed matter and terms of trial. Kind 
ly say, in writing, that you saw this in 
our journal. 

DECEMBER EGGS. 

With the cold snap of December the 
egg supply usually drops ofi; not alto- 
gether, however, from the actual cold as 
from change in the feeding ration of the 
hens. At this time more than ever, poul 
try needs a liberal supply of animal food 
to take the place of the insects and worms 
the hens get on the range in summer 
time. 

The Stratton Manufacturing Company, 
Erie, Pa., have just issued a very attrac- 
tive book, entitled " More Money From 
Your Hens." It goes into the question 
of winter feeding very thoroughly and 
describes in detail the Dandy Bone Cut- 
ter, a well built, substantial machine for 
reducing green bone to poultry food. The 
manufacturers make a very strong claim 
of excellence for the Dandy, and sell 
every machine with a warranty to take it 
back and refund every cent paid for it 
should it prove unsatisfactory in anyway 
after the purchaser gives it a fair trial. 
It is sold at a very reasonable price and 
is manufactured in a variety of sizes and 
styles. We know that every reader of 
The Southern Planter will be interested in 
the Dandy catalogue. It is sent free. 

RTPPLEY'S FEED COOKER 
AND HEATER. 

The subject of this il- 
lustration and paragraph 
is familiar to most of our 
readers. It is the com- 
bination feed cooker and 
heater manufactured by 
the Rippley Hardware 
Company, of Grafton, 111. 
'I hf advt rueement setting forth its uses 
in brief appears in another column. No 
reason is apparent why a machine fitted 
to cook food for stock might not easily 
be made to go a step farther and furnish 
heat for stock buildings. The Rippley 
Companv seem to have caught the idea in 
a very comprehensive manner. The farm 
er would frequently use heat in the dairy, 
poultry and swine buildings if it could be 
supplied without great expense, or by 
connection with a fire in operation and 
doing duty in other lines. This Rippley 
Cooker, considered merely as a cooker, is 
one of the most practical and uieful on 
the market. It takes on a double value 
when it is employed to heat water in 
stock tanks two or three hundred feet 
away ; to heat dairy, poultry and other 
buildings ; to furnish steam for such ne- 
cessary uses as grinding, separating cream, 
churning, etc. It can be used in the yard 
or set up and attached to a chimney in 
any building. Though small and com- 
pact and easily handled, one of its special 
strong points is that frequent removal is 
not necessary, it being able to perform its 
numerous duties equally well at any rea- 
sonable distance. Those of our readers 
who are interested in feed cookers or 
heaters should send for the Rippley cata- 
logue. It is mailed free on application. 





Wagon World Awheel. 

Half a million of these steel 
wheels have been sent out on 
our own wagons and to fit other 
wagons. It is the wheel that 
determines the life of any 
wagon, and this is the longest 
lived wheel made. Do you want 
a low down Handy Wagon to 
use about the place? We will fit 
out your old wagon with Elec- 
tric Wheels of any size and 
any shape tire, straight or stag- 
gered spokes. No cracked hubs, no 

loose spokes, no rotten felloes, no resetting. Write for 

the big new catalogue. It is free. 

Electric Wheel Co., Box 146 Qulncy, Ills. 

TOP BUGGY 

Direct™ user 

$33.50 

Hickory Wheels, 
best steel Springs 
and Axles. Guar- 
anteed fully. 
Sen i for catalogue or call. 
CHAS. C. CLARK & CO., 26 S. Main St., St Louis. 




WATER CLOSET COMBINATIONS, 

Porcelain Bowl. Hardwood Seat u< Task, 
Nickel Plated flush and supply plpoe, cam. 
plete.eoch 911.00. 

Cast Iron Rail Rim Bath Tabs, 

length s ft. Complete 
with full sot of nick-el 
plated nttiag-i, each, 
Sll.OO. 

They are mew *oq4b, 
aak for free catalogue 
If •■ 166 on pluBtkug 
amd building material, 

CMcagi House Wrecking C... W. 3Hh aid Iran Sit., 





BOSTROM'S IMPROVED FARM LEVEL 

Pat tt IO02. WITH AND WITHOUT TELESCOPE 

Is no MAKESHIFT, but the 
best one made for Terracing, 
Ditching and Drainage. Price 
$; and fio, including Tripod 
and Rod. Send for descriptive 
circulars and Treatise on Ter- 
racing, etc., Free. 
Bostrom, Brady Hfg. Co., 
31% W. Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga. 




(ATEST 




To oiak* cows pay, us* Sharplt* Craaia Separator. 
Book "Bnalneaa Dairying" A Oat. 806 free. W. 
Chatter, Pa.; 



CKewton'a Patent.) 

Every 
Dehorner 

improved ^=^^-» Guaranteed 

THOUSANDS IN USE. _ 

Ask your hardware dealer for them or write 
K. IL BROWN MFCi. CO.. • • DECATCK, UJU 



Take Your Choice 

\ The Convex — very limple, quick 

fitooperate. Bully V—Iatestandmoit 

1 powerful Y-Knife made. Sent on 

trial. Calf Dishorner and other 

^supplies. Send for catalog. 

Western orders filled /ifl) 
S from Chicago. 
^ CEO. WEBSTER 
] The Convex Christiana, Pa. 




A Kant-Klog 

SPRAYER 

We want to send into every town a ^J^^™ *.™ - * 
and county a sample of our new r w%mLg^ 
self-operating Kant-Klog Sprayer. 
No farmer, fruit or vegetable grower can afford to 
be without one. They increase crops both in quan- 
tity and quality, and" double your yearly profit. 

^1112171^17^ ■ *20-0© A DAY is what one 
HUtll I Wo new agent ma<le. Another has 
sold and delivered 660 machines and has 100 more sold for 
later delivery. With the complete detailed Instructions we send 
our agents any man of ordinary ability can do as well. 
For further information address, 

Rochester Spray Pump CO., 21 EastAv. Roohester. N.Y 



46 



THE SOTJTHEBN PLASTER 



[January 



Encubator Results 

are what you seek. The machine is a means to 

an end. Poultry raisers have no other concern | 

about machines than to get results. 

INCUBATORS 1 

and Brooders 

are the oldest and most reliable machines! 
on the market to-day. Hatches uniformly [ 
high in all climates, under all conditions. Self- j 
regulating and ventilat- 1 
ing, supplying 1 moisture I 
where needed. Copper I 
and redwood the materi- [ 
als. Freight paid all c 
U. S. Free late catalog I 
of incubators and brood- 
ers. Writo for It 

Petaluma Incubator Co 

i Box m Petaluma, Cal. 

or Ik. x. 46 , 

Indianapolis, Ind. 



The Automatic 

SURE HATG 

INCUBATOR 

with new automatic, direct action regulator, is ' 
the best hatcher on earth. Sold at fair price on 

30 Days' Trial. 

Don't experiment with untried 
machines. Get a Sure Hatch and 
be sure. New catalog-, full of illus- 
trations und valuable Information Free. 



SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO., 

Guy Center, Neb. or Columbus, Ohio. 




» By 

Days II 't» 
free Trial \j 



IT COSTS YOV NOTHING 




1101 

Yards Fine Poultry. 



to make a trial on your own 

premises and find out 

what the 

Reliable Incubator 

\ Return itlf it does noisuit. 
Toatls the guarantee we C've J"ii. It's 
the many special featured machine, 
nursery, non-moisture, self-regulatiDg, 
etc Poultry bock.No. 19,fc-10c postage. 
Reliable Incb. and BroorlerCo., 
Bo* B- 11 Qulncr, 111. 




The PRAIRIE STATES 

KEEP AT THE HEAD 
More made-more sold- 
more prizes won than 
ALL OTHERS combined 
Send for catalogue- just out-fin- 
est ever Issued. Mention this paper 
PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR Co. 
HOKEF CITY , Pa., U.S.A. 




VICTOR, 
INCUBATORS 

) Hatch every fertile egg. Simplest, 
most durable, cheapest Ant-class 
hatcher. Money back if nut posi- 
tively ai represented. Wt pay freight. 
Circular free; catalogue 6c. 
Geo. Ertel Co., <Juincjr, 111^ 



WROUGHT IRON PIPE 

Good condition, rued short time only, new threads 
and conpllnm, for Steam, Gas or Water, sires from <4 
to 12 inch diameter. Our price per foot on % Utc4.fi 
90 1 on 1 lncli 4c. Write for free catalogue No, j , „ 

GHICACO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 

W. 25th and Iron 8ta., CHICAGO. 




Krausers' Liquid 
Extract of Smoke 

... - Smokes meat perfectly In a 
few hours. JIade from hickory wood. 
Delicious flavor. Cleaner, cheaper. No 
smokehouse needed. Send for circular. 
E. KRAl'SEK .'. nlio., Milton, Pa. 



IN THE INTEREST OF THE WHOLE 
PEOPLE. 

Our readers will remember the Marvin 
Smith Company as having been the 
largest exclusive farm implement house 
in the country. Their well-known relia- 
bility and responsibility in this direction 
induced their many friends and patrons 
to write them from all sections of the 
country, sending in orders for goods 
which they did not then carry. It was 
this constant demand which induced 
them to add departments of hardware, 
tools, builders' supplies, builders' hard- 
ware, gentlemen's clothing all kinds, of 
hosiery, all kinds of underwear, gloves 
and mittens, cook stoves, ranges and 
heaters, sewing machines, tin and enamel 
ware of all kinds, lanterns, household 
supplies, trunks, valises, etc. 

In looking over the catalogue, one can- 
not help express both surprise and won- 
der at the remarkably reasonable prices 
at which the various articles are sold. 
For instance, take their new High Art 
Colonial Cabinet, Ball-bearing Sewing 
Machine. The price is only $18.95, a 
much better machine in every way than 
we had to pay $35 to $40 for elsewhere. 
Then there are sich other cises of quali- 
ty and value as the following : Men's full 
fleece-lined heavy winter underwear at 
the ridiculously low price of 45c. per gar- 
ment; ladies' part wool underwear, jersey 
ribbed winter weight with all the latest 
and newest conveniences and methods of 
making at 50c. per garment ; these same 
goods are usually sold at 75c. or more per 
garment in our home stores ; a boy's split 
buckskin fleece-lined work or school mit- 
ten for 23c. per pair ; men s split back 
glove, all seams welted, fleece-lined and 
with patent string fastening, at 35c. per 
pair ; ladies' dressed kid gloves in medium 
weight, very fine and dressy, at $1 ; just 
about such a glove as the stores usually 
charge $1.50 for. 

By all means, send to these people for 
their latest catalogue if you have not al- 
ready done so. The book is almost cer- 
tain to save you money on every article 
which you wish to buy. 



Some idea of the Incubator business is 
gained when it is known that over 
100,000 incubators were sold last year. 
The use of the incubator and brooder in 
poultry-raising is no longer an experi 
ment. One of the firms that got a good- 
ly share of this business is the Hawkeye 
Incubator Company, of Newton, Iowa. 
They were well pleased with their busi- 
ness of last year, but to say they are fe el- 
ing good over prospects for the coming 
season is to put it mildly. Their advance 
sales for 1903 already exceed the entire 
output of last season. The Hawkeye is 
used in every State in the Union, and in 
Canada, and in many foreign countries. 
No wonder, for this Company guarantees 
every machine to give entire satisfaction 
or money refunded. They even sell on 
30 days' free trial, giving the purchaser 
an opportunity to complete a hatch be- 
fore accepting his machine. By all means, 
write to them for their catalogue if you 
are thinking of buying an incubator or 
brooder. Address Hawkeye Incubator 
Company, Newtown, la. Mention this 
journal. 



SEEDal*^ 



Crown strictly by ourselves for the North, 
South, East and West, each variety in tha 
section which secures its highest develop- 
ment. We aim to have everything the strong- 
est and best of its kind. 

WE PRACTICE NO DECEPTIONS 

We do not offer $1.00 worth of seeds for 10c, but we do 

give the largest and best value for tiie 

money. Our line of 

FARM, C1IDDI IC^ DAIRT, 

garden, OUrrLICO poultry, 

is larere and the most complete. Write for handsome 
new Catalogue No. 10, Sent FREE. 

Griffith & Turner CO., 205 Paca St., Baltimore, Md. 



WIN BS APS 

I have for sale several blocks of the 
finest two-year old Winesaps Apple treei 
ever grown in the State. The trees are 
well branched and measuse from five to 
eight feet in height Trees are dug from 
the nursery the day they are shipped. 

8c each for the finest lot under 100. 

7c. " " " " " over 100. 

6 to 7c. wholesale. 

CHAS. P. HACKETT, Manager, 

Bonavista Nurseries, 
Albemarle County, Greenwood, Va. 

..ELMWOOD NURSERIES.. 

ASPARAGUS 

100,000 2-yr.-old Asparagus roots, 
5 varieties A special rate of $3 50 
per 1000 for 2 mos. for BARR'S, 
PALMETTO, CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A large general assortment, in- 
cluding WINESAPS and YORK 

IMPERIALS. 

* 

Splendid Assortment of 

Ornamental. Shade 

and Fruit Trees. 

Splendid lot of POLAND-CHINA, 
pigs ready for shipment. Also p u r • 
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK, 
BROWN LEGrHORN, BRAHMA 

fowls at $1 eacd. 



WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUB. 



J. B. WATK1NS & BRO., Hallsboro, Va. 

MARK YOUR STOCK. 

Use the 
KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL. 

Ma<le by P. H. Jackson <fc Co., Winchester, 
Ky. Write to taem for free samples. 



1903 



THJB dOUTHEBM PLAKTKh. 



47 



FARQUHAR 



VARIABLE CltUf Mil | 
Friction Feed O A If HlBLL, 

with patent feed, patent 
dogs and set works is the 
most convenient. durable, 
perfect in operuMoD, ana 
the cheapest high-class 
mill on the market. There 
are more of these mills in 
use than any othermake, 
because they combine all 
the latest improvements. 
The sawyer standing in 
one position, controls the 
engine, sets the log, and 
regulates the feed of the 
carriage. The carriage is 
moved forward and back- 
ward by means of the Reamy patent feed and backing device. 

ALL ABOUT THEN IN THE CATALOGUE. 




Pennsylvania Disk or Hoe Drill 



This Low-Down Disc Grain 
and Fertiliser Drill is mount- 
ed on a steel frame, giving it 
great strength and lightness. 
Each disc works independ- 
ently and has an adjustable 
coil spring pressure of its 
own — enables the disc to cut 
its way through corn stalks, 
stubble, weeds, grass, etc. 
It is sure to put in the seed 
every time. Chain drive 
force feed, for grain, grass or 
phosphate. No gear— Davis 
feed power from center of 
main axle. No jolt— saves 
horses' necks. Accurate 
grain, grass, phosphate* and 
land measure. 




LOW DOWN, EASY TO FILL. 



tt 



Here is a name 



FARM 




that stands for merit. 



"IMPROVED" AJaX "AViSE* 




This portable Engine is 
made most carefully of 
the best material. The 
Boiler is made ot'the best 
grade of boiler steel, 
tensile strength, 55,000 to 
65,000 pounds. The steel 
flre boxes are strongly 
riveted and tested at 
double the strain they 
will ever be required to 
use. No Farquhur 
Boiler ever exploded. 
The engine parts are of 
the most improved pat- 
terns, and of the best 
material known. You 
ought to know about 
this engine. 



FARQUHAR &M SEPARATOR 



threshes more rapid- 
ly, saves all kinds of 
grain and delivers lt ( 
in better condition 
than anv other made. 
No cracking or wast- 
ing of grain. The sep- 
arating: capacity is 
very large and the 
machine cannot be 
crowded. It will eas- 
ily take care of all the 
grain that can be put 
through the cylinder 
without wasting 
power. We build sep- 
arators of seven dif- 
ferent sizes, all de- 
scribed in the catalogue, 




We also make Clover lluller Attachment. 



All these things fully described in the catalogue. It is free. 

Also full line including all kinds of farm machinery. 



A, B. FARQOHflR CO., (Med) YORK, PA. 



The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the 

HEEBNER'S. 
LITTLE GIANT *»o 
PENNSYLVANIA 

Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903. 
They are built in first class manner, and are strong and dur- 
able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee 
them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue 
and testimonials, and quote prices on application. 





RUBBER, LEATHER 

and 

G&HDY BELTING. 

FRICK'S "ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES and BOILERS. 



"LITTLE 

SAMSON " 
Automatic 
Engine. 



ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS. 



THE CELEBRATED 

•• CHASE" SAWMILLS 

and 




This cut shows our 5 and 7 h.-p, "Ll*tl« 
Samsoni " Vertical Automatic Engine, for 



"DE L8AGH " MACHINERY. ^^r nt *«*•». cutun. 

Larger sizes also furnished. 

STRATTON & BRAGG, 20 and 22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. 



48 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



THE AGONY OF 
INDIGESTION 

How a Virginia Woman 
Was Cured. 



Mrs. S. P. Thompson, of Rodophil, 
Va., suffered terribly with indigestion for 
years. Every mouthful of food was a 
martyrdom. Every meal was a repeti- 
tion of agony— until she heard of YA- 
GER'S SARSAPARILLA WITH 
CELERY. From the first bottle thfre 
was an improvement. Food began to do 
her good instead of injuring her health. 
Mealtime became a pleasure instead of a 
time of suffering. YAGER'S SARSA- 
PARILLA changed the whole aspect of 
life for Mrs. Thompson, it has done the 
name for hundreds of others in similar 
situations. Her gratitude to the medi- 
cine does not stop with simpiy appreci- 
ating it— she has told her friends and 
neighbors of it, and of the wonderful 
cure it has effected in her case. 

YAGER'S SA.RSAPARILLA WITH 
CELERY is working astounding cures in 
hundreds of 'owns to day. Every mail 
brings notable additions to the great 
volume of evidence already accumulated 
as to the curative power in all diseases of 
the nerves, blood and functional derauge- 
ments. It is sold by all druggists, 50c. a 
bottle. Made by Gilbert Bros. & Co , 
Baltimore, Md. 



The Baby *■< 

Had Croup 

—one of the childran had a cold ; father 
had bronchitis; mother had a touch of 
pleurisy They all toon HoneyTolu, 
and were cured. Sold by all druggists, 
25c. a big bottle. Made by 

GILBERT BROS. & CO., 

BALTIMORE, MD. 



HAVE YOU EVER USED 

GLEASONS 

HORSE AND CATTAE 

ROWDER? 

.TRY A PACKAGE. 



FARMERS' BOYS AS BASE BALL 
PLAYERS. 

It is the Farmer Boy who takes the 
lead in the Base Ball and Foot Ball 
teams of the present day, who from ear- 
ly childhood has gained brawn and brave- 
ry through hard work upon the farm; 
yet he rarely gets the credit of it, for the 
success of a team is usually attributed to 
the city lads, when, really, it is due to 
one or two rough farm boys who pulls 
them through. 

The fact is established by the follow- 
ing little story of actual occurrence : 

A wail of despair arose in one of the 
principal Academies of the State when 
its base ball team was organizing for its 
spring work. The trouble was that young 
Hal Hayseed, who had been Captain of 
the team the previous session, had not 
returned, and his place could not be sue 
cessfully filled. After much debating and 
consultation, it was decided to send a 
committee of three, one of the teachers 
and two of the boys, to visit old Farmer 
Hayseed, who lived not far away, and 
persuade him to send his son back, mak- 
ing him liberal offers for his tuition and 
advancement in study. 

Ag they approached the farm, they 
found young Havseed busy ploughing for 
corn in the field, dressed in his rough 
farm suit. 

" What a pity that such a fine fellow 
should be thus working among the clods," 
exclaimed one of the boys as they drove 
up. 

"Yes, and to lose such valuable time 
from his studies," said the teacher. 

" ! we must get him awav from here, 
for our team cannot do without him," 
cried the third. 

Young Hayseed saw the approach of 
his former companions, so dropping his 
lines, he came forward smiling and greet- 
ed them heartily. 

There was no abashment in his face at 
being found in such menial work, but, 
with a manly voice, welcomed them to 
the farm, and took them to the house to 
see his father. 

They found the old man busy in his 
garden planting seeds; he caw the ap 
proach of the young gentlemen, and 
guessed their errand : and though shak 
ing his head ominously, yet he dropped 
his work and greeted his young visitors 
kindly. 

The old gentleman listened respectful- 
ly to their praise of his bov. and their 
wish to do him great good ; he was touch- 
ed and surprised at eifh liberal offers to 
supply his son's place on the farm bv 
other help, but he quickly saw that their 
chief object was to place him on their 
base ball team. 

The old man now spoke plainly. 

" Young gentlemen, my son is all the 
help I have on the farm ; if you take 
him, I am helpless, for I cannot supply 
his place ! I wish to give him an educa- 
tion and proression. but do not intend to 
part with him for base ball or foot ball 
playing; now. ask him which he prefers, 
to work for me or play ball." 

It was a great temptation and allure- 
ment to Young Hayseed, as presented by 
his gay and festive companions ; and too, 
a great compliment to h's skill at ball 
playing, 




300 
pounds 

per acre more 
Wheat, Oats, 
Rye or Barley 
may be raised 
for each ioo 
pounds of 

NITRATE OF SODA 

used as a Top Dressing on the 
soil. Frequent trials at Agricul- 
tural Experiment Stations the 
world over fully prove this to 
be so. 

Your address on a Post Card will bring 
you our free Bulletin "Practical Hints 
for the Profitable Application of Nitrate 
of Soda as a Fertilizer," and others full 
of interest to farmers. 

WILLIAM P. MrEP« <M rector, 
13 John Street, Room 146 N ew "Fork. 






9111 inCT CPU C and other miMU out 
vAH JUuE OUALl be controlled by using 

Good's Caustic Potash Whale 
Oil Soap, No. 3. 

It also prevent! Curl Leaf. Endorsed by eat* 
tomologists. This soap Is a fertiliser as well 
as Insecticide. 60 lb. kegs, 83.60; 100 lb. ken, 
•4.60. Half barrels, 270 lbs., at 3}£o. per lb. ; 
barrels, 426 lbs., at 8Vo. Large quantities, 
special rates. Send for circular. 

«.«•»« *.» JAMES GOOD. 

939-41 N. Front St., Philadelphia, m. 



FRAZER 

* Axle Grease m/work 

1 Its wearing q uallties are unsurpassed, ao- 

• tually outlasting 8 bxs. any other brand, 

Not affected by heat. «#-Get the Genuine. 

FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. 



LIME 



AGRICULTURAL 

and BUILDERS' 

Send for Circulars and Price-List. 

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS 

REEVES CATT, Agent, 
Bodley, Augusta County, Va. 

S.B.ADKINS&CO. 



m 



4 and 6 Governor Street, 
RICHMOND, VA. 

EXPERT BOOKBINDERS 

and Commercial Printers. 



1908.] 



THE BOTJTHEB1* PLA1TTBR. 



49 



Few young men could resist such an 
offer, for he knew the good times and 
high prais* his team would have in many 
a contest over the State; so it was some 
moments before he spoke after his old 
father had turned to him and said, "Say, 
my son, what is your wish?" 

Drawing himself up proudly, he re- 
plied -"JSo, boys, I cannot leave the 
farm; 1 have begun the crop and will go 
through with it; I would like to be witti 
you to struggle for the championship on 
the ball team, but my lather needs me, 
and my duty is heie.'' 

His handsomely-dressed companions 
were silenced for a moment, and then 
turning in admiration of him, the teacher 
shook his hand heartily as he said— 

" You are right, and we. honor your de- 
cision, though regretting deeply you can- 
not be with us;" so saying they drove 
off with rather sad countenances, while 
young Hayseed returned to the field and 
took up ploughing again. 

There was a loud wail in the school 
when the boys saw the committee return 
without Hal Hayseed, and the exclama- 
tion went up — •' What shall we do !" 

Hal, too, felt grievously disappointed 
that he was necessitated to stay on the 
farm, yet he felt he was doing his duty 
and stuck manfully to his work, planted 
and cultivated his little crop of corn thor- 
oughly, and it being a good season, his 
heart was made glad when at last he saw 
the crop safely housed, and was compli- 
mented by his neighbors on his success ; 
and his satisfaction was still greater as he 
saw the beam of joy and gratitude upon 
his old father's face. 

The autumn days had come, and hia 
work laid by, and now he made a visit to 
his former schoolmates to see how the 
foot- ball team was progressing. 

At the sight of Hal, the boys raised a 
great shout of joy, for they had just re- 
ceived a challenge to a foot ball contest, 
and were in a quandary how to fill it ; 
but at the sight of Hal's smiling face they 
felt that he could help them out of the 
difficulty. 

" Yes, boys," replied Hal to their eager 
question, " the corn crop is housed, and I 
am now free to help you. My farm work 
has only served to harden me for the 
gridiron, and I have not forgotten how 
to play." 

It is needless to say, the challenge was 
accepted. Hal was givtn the chief posi- 
tion and by his skill and prowess they 
easily won the game. 

Hal Hayseed now received many enco- 
miums Irom his old schoolmates, who ad- 
mired him all the more, not only for 
helping them, but for sticking to the 
farm and helping his old father first in 
the needs of the family. How many 
farmers boys are now doing the same ? 

Albemarle Co., Va. E. C. M. 

The annual report of the Secretary of 
Agriculture is one of the most interesting 
reports ever sent out from the depart- 
ment. It bears evidence of being the 
work of a man thoroughly competent 
and fully conversant with all the d-tails 
of agricultural life and deeply imbued 
with the impoitance of the application 
of science to the practical work of the 
farm. Every farmer should send for a 
copy of the report. 



Feed Your Land 

with fertilizers rich in Potash and 
your crop will crowd your barn. 
Sow Potash and reap dollars. 

A Fertilizer Without 

POTASH 

Is Not Complete. 

Be good to your land and your 
crop will be good. Plenty of 
Potash in fertilizers spells qual- 
ity and quantity in the harvest. 

Our Five Free Books 

are a complete treatise on fer- 
tilizers, written by men who 
know. They are useful to 
every man who owns a field 
and a plow, and who desires 
to get the most out of them. 
Your name on a postal will do. 




50 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[January 



FEED MILLS. 

EVERY MM HIS OWN MILLER. 

The latest improved. Does all 
kinds of work. Most durable ; 
hasgroun lover 15,000 bushels 
without repair or expense. The 
fastest grinder ; has ground 300 
bushels in 4 hours. Lightest 
draft and lowest price. The 
World's Best 1 Send for prices 
to the manufacturers. 
N. M. FIELD MFQ. CO. , St. Louis, Mo. 

It Never Ohokes 

The large hoi per. uuuuie i leak- 
ers, double bet of burrs and force 

KELLY 

DUPLEX 

GRINDING MILL 

the model for grinding all 

grains and unshucked corn. 

_ Has feed regulatorandgrinds 

* more easily and faster than 

"■others. Makesexcellentmeal, 




grinds feed to any fineness. Is most substantial, fitted to any 

fewer. Free catalog convinces vouofits superiority. Write for it. 
HE S. KELLY CO., Ue^t. T SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. 

The Old Reliable Anti-Friction, Four- Burr 

MOGUL MILLS, 

No gearing, no friction. 
Thousands in use. Four- 
horse mill grinds 60 to 80 
bus. per hour. Wemafeea 
full line of Feed Mills, best 
ever sold, including the fa- 
mous Iowa grinder No. 2. 
for$12.5C. Send for free cat. 

Manufactured and sold by the 
Iowa Grinder and Steamer Works, Waterloo, Iowa 





RENCH BURR and 
ATTRITION MILLS 



grind corn cobs and all 

kinds of grun. Make the finest 
meal. Guaranteed greater capacity 
than any other of same size. 

Fifteen Days Free 

to prore superiority. Many thousands In uee. Make no mistake. 
Getour free catalogue and price list before buying.. 

SPROUT, WALPROJJ A CO., Boi3QMimcy,Pa. 



y The WEBER 14 H. 


P. . 


j^s§g??5s§s^. 




Gasoline Enginesfl 




¥jy?\ i^»^i 




for running .^bJL 






Ha a 






dcrs, cutters, «f fflftrj 


«= feer-is] 




1 a 


threshers, etc. fMpgP 




\i?W*fel®hft 


ILs 


Free catalogue TOinfW 






ml a 


gives all sizes. jgiMj 
| Weber Gas A BribJ 


Eam-Hm. 


^«5»nlliliy|l8^» 






sHK^ 


F s 


Gasoline Enpi no ^*BB 




/ b> 


Co., box i2e &\fir 






i«H 


Kansas Citv, STo. =s|fl| 




jCTafflla^ ,^. **^ti 


GO O 




TRY IT B ^ E BUY IT 

We bellsT« we have the best 
farm grinder made and an 
willing to let you prove it. 

DiTfd'S 

Trlpl* Geared Ball Bearing 

FEED GRINDER 

sent on trial. U it Is not the largest capa- 
city, easiest runner, don't keep It. 
" M. DITTO. Box 48. JoHet.nl. , 




ENGINES, BOILERS 
AND MACHINERY. 

When you want good rebuilt ma 
ohioery a* bargain prices, write for 

H r .£»*a>W ie » *»»>■ '66 Wecarry 

all kinds of engines (gaa, gasolene 
and steam power), boilers, pumpi, 
and mill supplies In general. 
CHICAGO HOUSEWTtECKINOOO. 
West Stth and iron 8ta_ CbJcagev 



WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 

This issue contains the advertisements 
of the leading business firms of the coun- 
try, and we bespeak for them the liberal 
patronage of our readers. 

The Lenox Sprayer and Chemical Co., 
of Pitlsfield, Mass., are advertising their 
well known Bordeaux Mixture and Spray- 
ers for applying same, in this issue. 

The famous Elk Garden herd of Short- 
horns is oftered by Mr. H.C.Stuart. Spl n- 
did chance for some good Shorthorn 
blood. 

Polled Durhatns are advertised else- 
where in this issue by Mr. J. L. Hum- 
bert, University of Va. 

Look up the advertisement of the Bu- 
cher & Gibbs Plow Co. Their Imperial 
Plows are already well known to num- 
bers of our readers. 

Oak Ridge Farm is offering some nice 
Red Polls, at right prices. 

The Miller Manure Spreader is offered 
by the Newark Machine Co., of Newark, 
Ohio. Send for circulars and prices of 
this labor-saver. 

Messrs. C. M. Armes & Co. are adver- 
tising an excellent old Virginia planta- 
tion in this issue. 

Baker's Jack Farm has 150 Jacks and 
Jennets for sale. 

Spectacles, Optical Goods and Cameras 
are advertised by the S. Galeski Optical 
Co., of Richmond, Va. 

Messrs. J. M. Thorburn & Co., Seeds- 
men, New York, would like to mail their 
102nd Annual Catalogue to our readers. 
Look up the advertisement. 

Mammoth Bronze Turkeys crossed on 
Wild Turkeys are advertised by Mrs J. J. 
Franklin. 

The Merchants National Bank of Rich- 
mond, Va., makes a splendid showing in 
its annual statement published elsewhere 
in this number. 

The Iowa Grinder and Steaoier Works 
are new advertisers in this issue. They 
have a good feed mill, about which they 
would like to inform our readers. 

C C. Clarke & Co., St. Louis, Mo., offer 
buggies, etc., in another column. 

Knight & Jetton, Murfreesboro, Tenn.> 
offer Jacks and Jennets in another col- 
umn. 

The Biltmore Farms advertise their 
annual Brood Sow sale in this issue. 
Look up the advertisement and write for 
a catalogue. 

Mohland & Co-, Burlington, la., are ad- 
vertising Stump Pullers in this number. 

The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, 
Ohio, begin the season's advertising with 
a card in another column. 

Biltmore Standard Poultry is offered in 
a half-page advertisement on another 
page. 

The Sydnor Pump and Well Co., Rich- 
mond, Va., are new advertisers in this 
issue. Gasoline Engines are prominent 
in this month's advertisement. 

A splendid Weeder is advertised by 
the Keystone Farm Machine Co., York, 
Penna. 

The Roderick Lean M'f g Co., of Mans- 
field,'Ohio,.are advertising the celebrated 



THE •• LANSING" PERFECT 
1UBULAR SILO 

IS THE BEST SILO MADE. 







A. M. D. HOLLOWAY, 

Builders' Exchange, Phila., Pa., U. S. A. 

Write for Catalogue and price. 



Made 
since 
1868 



I 




I RODERICK LEAN 
FARM 

Implements 

Made by experi- 
enced w orkmen of 
special material. 

Acknowledged by farmers superior to all 

others. SoLD ON THEIR MERITS. 

Spike Tooth Harrows. Spring Tooth 

Harrows. Disc Harrows. 

Land Boilers. Hand Carts. 

Write for 

catalogue. 
RODERICK 
LEAN MFG. 
COMPANY, 
Mansfield, 0. 
Wheels or Shoes on Pear. 



WANTED TO RENT 

A 2 OR 3 HORSE-POWER 

GASOLINE ENGINE. 

Want it for 1 or 2 years, with privilege o 
buying. Must be as good as new. 
Address JNO _ w . MARTIN. Greenwood, Va. 




and SHEEP PELTS to 

: McMillan fur & wool CO., 

Minneapolis, Minn. , 

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS 



niUI CHOC Write for free price-list. 
If A if lUnOi Read Fur and wool, 

only paper of Its kind In the world. 

Copy free. 

J. B. MANLOVE, - Bushnell, 111, 



l»U3.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



51 



BARREN 
COWS 




Cows That Will Not 
Get With Calf. 



About one cow in ten is barren. Usually large 
milkers have this trouble. The common cause 
is a weakness of the private organs, making the 
animal either refuse to mate at the regular time, 
or, if she will mate, the desired result will not be 
obtained. The loss from one barren cow will eat 
up the profit of at least five paying ones. For 
this trouble we recommend 

Kow - Ku re 

FOR COWS ONLY 

Thousands of barren cows have been made to 
breed by the use of this great cow medicine. 

Hadley, Pa., Dec. 13, 1900. 
Dairy Association: 

Gentlemen: — I had a cow, the best one on the 
farm, which I could not get with calf. I fed one 
box of Kow-Kure and she caught the first time I 
drove her. Yours, A. E. McDowell. 



Kow-Kure is in powder form, to be given in regular 
feed. It cures abortion, barrenness and scours, re- 
moves retained afterbirth and caked udder, strengthens 
the appetite, purines the blood, vitalizes the nerves, 
and prevents disease. It increases the milk. It is a 
medicine for cows only, made by the Dairy Associa- 
tion, Lyndonviile, Vt. Price 50 cents and £i.oo, 



The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG 

and POTOMAC R. R. 
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y 

Form the Link connecting the 

Atlantic Cost Line R. R., 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R. , 

Chesapeake and Ohio R'y , 

Pennsylvania R R., 

Seaboard Air Line R'y 

and Southern R'y. 

Between all points, via Richmond, Va. 

Fast Mall. Passenge - and Express Route be- 
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan- 
dria, Washington, Baltimore. Philadelphia, 
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All 
Points North, East and West. 

W P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Richmond. Va 



Lean Harrows and Roller in another col- 
umn. 

The Prairie State Incubator, well known 
to many of our readers, is offered by its 
makers in this number. 

Nursery Stock, Srrawbery Plants, etc., 
are advertised by W. T. Hood & Co. W. 
F. Allen, Franklin Davis Nursery Co., H. 
Lightfoot and others. Get catalogues be- 
fore making up your list. 

The Eureka Mo*er Co., Utica, N. Y., 
advertises a solendid line of implements 
in another column. Look up the adver- 
tisement and write for prices on what 
you need. 

The Davidson Harrow Co., Utica, N. Y., 
which is among the largest makers of 
Harrows ia the world, has an advertise- 
ment in this issue. 

Yager's Sarsaparilla with Celery is ad- 
vertised as usual in this issue. Ask your 
druggist for a trial bottle. 

The J. A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse, 
Wis., starts the season's advertising with 
an advertisement in this number. 

Look up the advertisement of the Stand- 
ard F. C. Incubator in this issue. 



Morrill & Morley, Benton Harbor, 
Mich., make the Eclipse Spray Pumps, 
and are advertising them elsewhere in 
this issue. It is interesting, and it gives 
one confidence in their goods to know 
that this firm were originally, as they 
still are, one of the largest growers of 
fruit in this famous section, and in using 
the boat spraying apparatus obtainable at 
that time, found all open to objection as 
not d >ing perfect work. They tet to work 
and made a machine after their own 
ideas, which gave such satisfaction that 
neighboring growers insisted on dupli- 
cate outfits. Actual test by the most 
practical people in the country has de- 
veloped a high degree of efficiency in the 
Eclipse, and has made its makers one of 
the largest manufacturers of spraying 
machinery in the country. 

Write for their catalogue, which em- 
bodies valuable information about spray- 
ing, and mention seeing advertisement in 
this journal. 

FOR BIG HATCHES. 
The Reliable Incubator continues year 
after year to lead the world in sales, both 
in this country and abroad. It has long 
ago proved its worth. Experienced poul- 
trymen know exactly what they can 
count upon when they start it; they run 
no risks. The Reliable is built by prac- 
tical poultrymen who devote all their 
time and energy to the poultry and incu- 
bator business and keep constantly im- 
proving their product. The long years of 
experience which they have had is worth 
thousands of dollars to poultry raisers. 
A part of this experience is incorporated 
in the new catalogue they have just 
issued, and we know that every one of 
our readers will find it of great interest 
and practical value. Don't fail to send 
for a copy, enclosing 10 cents for postage. 
Address, Reliable Incubator and Brooder 
Co., Quiney, 111. 



Mention the Southern PlarUer when cor- 
responding with advertisers. 



Warranted 

to give satisfaction. 




GOMBAULT'S 

CAUSTIC BALSAM 

A safe, speedy and 
positive cure for 

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, 
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone 
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin 
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. 
Removes all Bunches from Horses or 
Cattle. 

As a HITMAN REMEDY for Rhen- 
matlsm, Sprains, Sore Throat, etc., it 

is invaluable. 

Every bottle of Oanntlc Balsam sold is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price SI. SO 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for its 
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo- 
nials, etc. Address 
TEE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cloieland, Ohio. 



FOUTZ'S, 

HORSE 

•~ AND 

CATTLE 
POWDER 



A medicine which makes 

sick animals well, the diseased 

whole, the weak strong and the 

thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite, 

expel Worms and cure Chronic Cough, 

Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hide- 

i bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat- 

^*^ulency and all Stomach and Bowel 

trouble. ^fc. 

The finest of all animal jPffff jk 

vitalizers and tonics a 



DAVID E.F0UT2 

8ALT/AfOfl£:M3: 






Fistula and 
Poll Evil. . . 



You can 
treat these 
d i seases 
yourself 
and cure them in 15 to 30 days. Flem- 
ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Cure is easy 
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and 
your money is promptly refunded if it 
should ever fail to cure. 

Interesting Booklets Free. 

We have two booklets to send you. 
One tells about Fi-tula, Poll Evil, 
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee- 
Sprung, Lump Jaw. etc., with instruc- 
tions bow to cure them. 

The other proves that you can cure 
them. Write to-day. 

FLE '■ I NO BROS., Chemists, 
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chicago, III. 




Newton't HeftTe, Congh, Du 
temper and Indigestion Cure. 

A veterinary spetitio for wind, 
throat and etomach trouble* 
Strong recommend 
can. Dealers, ma" ' 
Newton lion 
(T >' 




52 



THE SOTJTHEBN PLANTER. 



[January 



FOR SALE CHEAP. 



4 1 acres of the finest land in the State o f 
Virginia, lying four miles north of the City of 
Roanoke, in the very best section of Roanoke 
county. This land has been worked a little 
hard, but could easily be brought back to its 
once nigh state of cultivation. It sold before the 
Civil War, without any bui.diugs. for $100 per 
aTe. There is upon it an old fashioned Vir- 
ginia Mans on (brick), with ten rooms, which 
cost the owner when bu It, some thirty years 
ago, 820 00'. The dwelling is slightly out of 
repair, but a few hundred dollars spent would 
make It one of the finest farm houses in the 
State of Virginia- in fact, equal to most citv 
mansions. Good bain, and all necessary out- 
buildings. The land is all level and in fairly 
good fix, good orchard, and a well of water as 
cold as ice at the back door. With a couple of 
thousand dollars spent on this place, it can he 
made one of the finest farms in ihe State of 
Virginia. Owing to the fact that it must be 
sold in order to wind up an estate, it is offered 
at the remarkably low price of $18,000. 

Terms: One-third cash, balance in one and 
two years. Possibly easier terms can be ar- 
ranged. Any one wanting an ideal old Vir- 
ginia country home will buy this property 
if they once see it. Write us or come and let 
us show you this property. 

If you have any real estate for sale, no mat- 
ter where located, send us dpscription and 
price. We can sell it. If you want to buy 
real estate anywhere in the United States, 
write us. Your wants will be supplied. 

No. 119. CHAS. M. ARMES & CO., 
No. 213 Jefferson Street, - Roanoke, Va. 

UnMECT^ THE PLAGE TO 
nUml.O FIND THEM._^ 

No place in the United States can a man 
do so well at farming, for the money in- 
vested, as in Virginia. Lands are cheap ; 
climate good, and the best of markets 
close at hand. It is the State of all 
others, for a comfortable all the yeai 
round home. The James River Valley 
Colonization and Improvement Company 
offer superior advantages to land pur 
chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet, 
address 

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. 

To HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA" 

Is the title of a new pamphlet issued by the 
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We 
will gladly mall you a copy. 

W. B BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, Agt , 

G. P. A , Lands and Immigration, 

Roanoke, Va. 

"GOOLUMU" 

STOCK AND DAIRY FARM FOR SALE. 

Large "house; 160 acres land well watered 
and wooded, wood enough to bring the price 
asken for the place. 1 mile from the growing 
manufacturing town of Henderson N. C. 

Price, $3,500. One-half cash, balance in 1 and 
2 years. Will sell cows with dairy if desired. 

Reasons for selling, can't look after my office 
and dairy oo. Df G G TAYLOR, Henderson, N C. 

/ Can Sell Your Farm 

no matter where it is. Send description, state prictt and 
learn how. Est. '96. Highest references. Offices in 14 cities. 

W. M. Ostraoder, J8S0N. A. Bldg-., Philadelphia 



MAGAZINES. 

The "New Year" number of Lippin- 
cott's Magazine is a veritable mine of 
good fiction, containing a whole novel 
and nine short stories, besides several 
papers of timely interest, some choice 
verse, and fun galore in the department 
called "'Walnuts and Wine." 

The novel is "The New Heloise," by 
Mrs. Schuyler Crowninshield. In this 
there is new evidence that "Love Laughs 
at Locksmiths'' and stone walls— even 
those of a French convent There is a 
young probationer behind theBe walls 
seeking refuge in priestly garb from a dis- 
tasteful marriage arranged by a too zeal- 
ous stepmother. But he is not destined for 
such a life, and Love is waiting for him 
in the form <•! as charming a French 
girl as can be imagined. A candidate is 
lost to celibacy and happiness reigns 
supreme. 

Edgar Fawcett's story, "The Resurrec- 
tion of Edith," is an absolutely novel 
plot, both weird and fascinating. There 
are two Western tales : one by E. Bolt- 
wood called 'A Bivouac de Luxe," and 
one by H. Giovannoli called "A Bull 
Mountain Pastoral." Both of them are 
so good it is difficult to pick the winner. 
Albert Payson Terhune contributes what 
may be considered his best effort, and 
his is a name well known in the story- 
writing world. It is entitled "The Man 
With the Shoulders." "Judith in Mack- 
ford's Entry," by Grace Rhys (wife of 
the English novelist, Ernest khys), is a 
pathetic story of a pretty Irish girl who 
was induced to go to London to better 
herself, and who was lured into the dis- 
reputable "Mackford's Entry.'' Ina Bre- 
voort Roberts, the author of that popular 
novel published in Lippincott's entitled 
"The Lifting of a Finger," contributes a 
delightful tale entitled "The Decision." 
W. A. Eraser's story, "The Resurrection 
of P. I. G.," is both humorous and earn- 
est. "A Stolen Day," by Harriet Clay 
Penman, is about a day's journey on the 
cars, with a physicological touch which 
is charming. Bernice C. Caughey con- 
tributes an attractive sketch called "A 
Fair Fee," in which a man shows how 
clever he can be to win the girl he loves. 



The proper ripening and maturing of 
whiskey depends on the care and method 
of storage. The warehouses of the Hay- 
ner Distilling Company are of the most 
modern and improved style, constructed 
entirely of brick and steel, and equipped 
with the hot air system of heating and 
ventilating, which keep9 the whiskey at 
a uniform temperature the year round. 
As a resuU, their 7-year old is as fully 
developed as 14 year-old aged in the or- 
dinary old-fashioned way, and it's better, 
too, for an uneven temperature of ex- 
treme heat and cold destroys the quality 
and flavor. 

During the entire process of manufac- 
ture, and from the time it is stored in 
barrels in their warehouses, until seven 
years later, it is bottled and shipped, 
Hayner Whiskey is under the watchful 
care of ten of Uncle Sam's Government 
officials. It goes direct from their distil- 
lery to you, with all its original richness 
and flavor, carries a United States Regis- 
tered Distiller's Guarantee of Purity and 



PLANTATION For Sale. 

If any person desires to purchase a 
splendid James River Plantation, con- 
sisting of 1,000 acres of the best land in 
the State, together with all stock, im- 
plements, grain, etx, I offer mine at 
$20,000 Afler you see It, and have par- 
ticulars, you will agree it is cheap at 
tuts figure. Address 
" PLANTATION," care Southern Plante r Office 

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OP 

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS. 

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with 

good buildings, close to steam and trolley 

lines, easy access to the city. Also 

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS 

From 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices, all the 
way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for 
Catalogue. 
THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, a 

J. R. Hockaday, Manager. 



ii 



PIEDMONT 



And all that 
it Implies." 

Oood land, climate, markets, shipping fa- 
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode- 
rate prices, easy terms. 

MACON & CO., - Orange, Va. 

riyiT riDUQ in the great fruit grain and 

rlnL lAlllflOstocksectionorvIBCHKIA. 
Best climate and water in the TJ. 8. Near 
great markets, with bent educational advan- 
tages. For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va. 

Virginia Farms 

4.11 prices and sizes. Free list on application. 
WM. B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond, Va. 

VIRGIHIA FARMS 

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS. 

Easy Payments. Catalogue Free. 

8E0. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va. 

Established 1875. 



For full particulars 

write A. JEFFERS, 

Norfolk, Va. 



IF YOU WISH TO SELL 

OR BUY 

VIRGINIA LANDS 

Communicate with us. Write for free 
"Virginia Real Estate Journal,'' con- 
taining many »plendid bargains. 
R B. CHA^FIN & CO.. Inc., 

No. 1 N. 10th St., Richmond, Va 




<( 



Crop Growing 
§ Crop Feeding" 

BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY. 
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. 



We offer this splendid work in connec- 
tion with the Southern Planter 
at the folllowing prices: 

Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume, $1.25 

Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 96o. 

Old or new subscriptions. 



1903.] 



THE SOtJTHEBN PL ANTES. 



68 



LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS 




Have Iwr i-ale a limited uuinoer Of Single 
Comb Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and 
Roosteis. Best layers known. Prize winning 
stock, 'rice, S1.00 to ffl.50 each. Eggs in season 
at 81.00 for 16 ; So 00 per 100 Satisfaction guar- 
anteed. Addrej-s 
A T MATTHEWS, Box 36, Parksley . Va. 

HOLLYBROOK FARM 

Has for sale a few Extra Fine Cockerels of 
Barred Plymouth Rocks, 

White and Silver-Laced Wyandottes, 
Light Brahmas, 

All vigorous, thoroughbred stock. 
Write for prices. 

HENRY W. WOOD, 
Hollybrook Farm. Richmond, Va. 



SILVER LACED 

WYANDOTTES 

Choice purebred spec- 
imens of eiU er »ex, $1 
each, in any quantity. 
Eggs in season. 

Dr. H. H. LEE, 

Lexington, Va 



SPECIAL SALE. 

National Strain, 

M. BRONZE TURKEYS. 

Descendants of prize winners. Sold in 
pairs or trios. Lar^e, beautiful birds, 
at exceedingly low prices. The first 
orders will get pick of large flock. 
Correspondence solicited. 

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE, 
Miss E. Cal.io Giles, Prop., Whittle's Depot, Va. 

" -FOR SALE 

7 each pure bred 

SILVER-LAGED WYANDOTTE 

COCKS and PULLETS 

At $1 00 Apiece. 
Q. F. COX, - Irwin, Goochland County, Va. 




MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS 

FOR. SALE. 
Apply to R. E. CREE, Crozet, Va. 



Age, and saves you the enormous profits 
of the dealers. Read the Hayner Com- 
pany's offer elsewhere in this journal. 



CATALOGUES. 

T. W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Rich- 
mond, Va. This old firm, which con- 
ducts the largest seed business in the 
South, has issued one of the finest seed 
catalogues which it has ever got out. It 
is replete with information of the great 
est value to every farmer, trucker and 
gardener, and will be sent free to all 
who apply for it. 

Prairie State Incubator Co., Homer 
City, Pa. This company has issued the 
finest catalogue we have ever seen got 
ten out by an incubator company. It is 
beautifully illustrated and got up in the 
finest style. It is really a work of art. 
All who desire information on incubators 
should send for it. 

McCormick Division International Har- 
vester Co. of America, Chicago, 111., are 
sending out a beautifully executed 
pam pb let descriptive of their well-known 
machines. Farmers should send for this. 
Everv detail of the machines is fully de 
scribed and illustrated. 



The Stover Manufacturing Co., Free- 
port, 111., send out a fine catalogue of 
their well known grinding mills, of which 
they make the largest and most com- 
plete line of any company. 

Aspinwall Manufacturing Co., Jackson, 
Mich. Catalogue of potato machinery. 
Every potato grower should see this cat- 
alogue. 

John Lightfoot, Sherman Heights, 
Tenn. Catalogue of strawberry plants. 



We beg to acknowledge, with thanks, 
the receipt of a copy of the Congressional 
Directory from Senator Mar. in. 

The International Stock Food Com- 
pany, Minneapolis, Minn., inform us 
that they have jist purchased for $60,000, 
the champion harness horse of the 
world, Dan Patch, 1:59£ His perma 
nent home will be the International 
Stock Food Farm, near Minneapolis, 
where his owners have built the finest 
barns and stables on any farm in the 
country. These stables follow lines 
which we have frequently suggested in 
these columns. They are practically de 
tached from the barn and only one story 
in height and lighted from both sides. 



Ignis Fatuus? A problem in Fuel, sub- 
mitted by Edward Atkinson. Ph. D. 

In this little pamphlet Mr. Atkinson 
suggests the possibility of the farmers 
beating the coal barons in supplying the 
fuel needed to keep the people warm and 
the wheels of industry revolving by so 
preparing corn stalks as to make them a 
feasible fuel. A6 the result of an exam- 
ination by an expert, it is found that 20 
tons of corn stalks and fodder is equiva- 
lent to about 14 tons of good coal. The 
problem is now to put this into good 
nape for handling on the market. 



Reg. HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP 

Of the best breeding. One lamb weighed 
145 lbs. at 5 mos. old. Pries right. 

SLATE TURKEYS 

Are the most domestic, $5 per pair. 

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

81 each. 
J. P. THOMAS, - Round Hil l, Va. 

WHITE PLYM0UTH rocks, 

VY 111 1 E HOLLAND TURKEYS 

Fine strains and beautiful birds. Will 
be sold at reasonable prices. Farm 
bred birds and very healthy; six 
months old. A few Setter puppies a 
month old. Forpricesa nd particulars 
apply 

JOHN A. CLARK, - SH IRLEY, VA. 
THE IMP. FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM 

OFFERS 

200 B. P. ROOK snd S. C. B. LEGHORN 
COCKERELS and PULLETS 

At only $1 each. This »tock is pure, 
and will please. 

P. H. HEYDENREICH, Prop , Staunton, Vm. 

BROWN LEGHORNS 

(Single Comb ) 

Some fine, vigorous cockerels at J1.00 each. 
6 firsts at Richmond Show. Nov. 24-29, 1902. 

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

R. W. HAW, Jr., ■ Centralia, Va. 
BARBED and BUFF 

PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

Cocks and Cockerels, 81.50 and $1.00 each, 

trios, $5.00. 

FRJD NUSSEY, - Summit. Spotsylvania Co , Va. 

WHI fe PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

75 cents each. 

M. B. TURKEYS, 

$5.00 per pair. 

BERKSHIRE PICS. 

$5.00 each. 
W F. FLANA3AN. - ChrU'lansburg. Va. 

PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS 
FOR BROILERS. 

The undersigned can furnish them in 

limited quantities at $4 for 100. 

F. O. B. at Claremont, Va. 

J. M. HUGHES, Claremont, Surry Co.. Va. 

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS 

CROSSED WITH 

WILD TURKEYS. 

FOR SALE BY 

M rs. J. J. FRANKLIN, - Pamplin City, Va. 

M. B TURKEYS, $15.50 a trio. 

PfcKIN DUCKS, tfl.50 per pair. 

S. C. B. LEGHORN CHICKENS. 

Address 

Miss CLARA L. SMITH, Croxto^, Caroline Co., Va. 

Pore Bred BroiziTarkeys 

For sale. Some from the prize-winning stock 
of Madison Square Garden Show 1902 Price 
Cocks, J3.00; Hens, 2.50; Pairs, $5.00. 

Mr*. WM. S. WOODS, Ivy Depo Va. 



FOR SALE 



54 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



January 



Lion Coffee 

is 1 6 ounces of pure 
coffee to the pound. 
Coated Coffees are 
only about 14 ounces 
of coffee and two 
ounces of eggs, 
glue, etc., of no 
value to you, but 
money in thepocket 
1 of the roaster. 

The sealed package insure! uni- 
form quality and freshness. 



FOR SALE! 

RED POLL CATTLE, 

RIDING and D HIVING HORSES 

and a PEW BROOD MARES. 

SHETLAND PONIES, 

POLAND-CHINA HOGS, 

BRONZE TURKEYS, 

PEKIN DUCKS, 

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC SEED 
CORN. 

Write for prices aLd breeding. No better 
stock to be had and nothing but good in 
di victuals shipped. 

ARROWHEAD STO K FARM, 

Sam'l B. Woods, Prop. Charlottesville, Va. 

DORSET SHEEP 

Have the true Golden Hoof, and 
make Southern farmers more profit 
than any other stock. Write the 
Secretary of the Continental Dor- 
set Club for information and lists 
of breeders. 
JOS. E. WINQ, Mechanicsburg. Ohio. 

DORSETS and 
HEREFORDS 

H. ARMSTRONG, - Lantz Mills, Va. 



'WOODLAND* 
FARM 



DORSETS 

We have an unusually choice and strong lot 
of YuUNG RAMS and will spare a FEW 
EWES, though we part with them unwill- 
ingly. Our delighted customers, satisfied cus- 
tomers, iu the South are our warmest advo- 
cates. Our Dorsets make us more money and 
give us more pleasure than any other stock 
we have ever handled. 

JOS. E. and WILLIS 0. WING, Mechanicsburg, Ohio. 



Build Your Own Incubator. 

Complete Illustrated Flans and Instructions 

f or building Incubators and Brooders by 
which a SOO-Egg Hot Water tf>0 
Incubator can be builtfor about $0 
We sell the Tanks, Lamps, Regulators, 
ito. , at cost. Gig money In building and sell 
a: Incubators; a boy can do it. Write 
'to-day for particulars and FREE circular — 
How to Slake and Save Money wllb oa 
Incubator. E3T AGENTS WANTED. 
POfTLTRV 8UPPMF** AT CUT PRICES, 

OnATmO.N.PNOVV AtO..0f|i'. 188 Q»ln<y. III. 




REPORTS. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. Report of the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture, 1902. 

Bureau of Animal Industry. Circular 
38. Foot and Mouth Disease Warn- 
ing to all Owners of Cattle, Sheep 
and Swine. 

Bureau of Chemistry. Bulletin No. 70. 
Manufacture of Table Syrups from 
Sugar Cane. 

Office of Experiment Stations. Circu- 
lar 48. What the Department of 
Agriculture is Doing for Irrigation. 

Office of Experiment Stations. Experi- 
ment Station Record, Vol. XIV, Nos. 
3 and 4. ( 

Farmers' Bulletin No. 161. Practical 
Suggestions for Fruit Growers. 
Arizona Experiment Station, Tuczon, 
Ari. Bulletin 45. Timely Hints for 
Farmers. 
Colorado Experiment Station, Fort Col- 
lins, Col. Bulletin 74. Swine Feed- 
ing in Colorado. 

Bulletin 75. Lamb Feeding Experi- 
ments, 1900-02. 

Bulletin 76. Feeding Beet Pulp to 

Lambs. 

Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton 

Rouge, La. Bulletin 65. Analyses 

of Commercial Fertilizers. 

Bulletin 66. Sugar Cane Experiments 

in Cultivation. 
Bulletin 67. Broom Corn — How to 

Grow and Cure it. 
Bulletin 68. Home-grown vs. Pur- 
chased Seed. 
Bulletin 69. Pecans. 
Bulletin 70. Cine Borer. 
Bulletin 71. North Louisiana Experi- 
ment Station. Report for 1901. 
Maryland Agricultural College, College 
Park, Md. College Quarterly, No- 
vember, 1902. Short Winter Courses 
in Agriculture and Dairying. 
Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Bulletin 86. The Influ- 
ence of Preservatives Upon the Food 
Value of Milk. 
Nebraska Experiment Station, Lincoln, 
Neb. Bulletin 75. Feeding Experi- 
ments with Cattle and Pigs. 
New Hampshire Experiment Station, 
Durham, N. H. Technical Bulletin 
No. 4. Effect of Acetyline Gaslight 
on Plant Growth. 
New York Experiment Station, Geneva, 
N. Y. A Method of Combating 
Rusty Spot in Cheese. 
Bulletin 216. Report of Analyses of 
Commercial Fertilizers. 
Rhode Island Experiment Station, King- 
ston, R. I. Bulletin 87. Fowl Ty- 
phoid. 
Bulletin 88. The Forests of Rhode 

Island. 
Bulletin 89. Commercial Fertilizers. 
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 
Tenn. University Record, Agricul- 
tural Year-book. 
Wyoming Experiment Station, Laramie, 
Wyo. Bulletin 55. The Birds of 
Wyoming. 



POTATOES 



$2.50 
a Bbl. 



Lnrg-esfc growers of Seed Potatoe* In America. 
The *' I? in ml New Yorker" elves Salzer's Ear- 
ly W Ineonsln a yield of T42 bu. per a. Price* 
dirt cheap. Mammoth Meed book and sample of ' 
Teo*lnte, Spcltz, Macaroni AV heat. 68 bu. per ' 
Giant Clover, etc., upon receipt of 10c postage, i 
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO. La Crosse, Wis. 

rtwvwo 



STRAWBERRY PLANTS 

Now ready for shipment : Lady Thompson, 

Excelsior, Klondyke, Johnsons' 

Michels Early at %2 per 1,000. 

Aroma, Bubach, Gandy and Brandywine J2 

1,000. Cash with order. 

Send for New Catalogue of 40 varieties. 

H. LIGHTFOOT, Chattanooga, Tenn. 
1,000.000 

CABBACE PLANTS For Sale 

Varieties: Charleston "Wakefield. Brill's 
Earlr Flat Dutch. Price, cash l. o. b. Charles- 
ton, J1.25 per 1,000, $1 00 per 1,000 above 5,000. 

ALSO 500.000 
GIANT ARGENTEU1L ASPARAGUS ROOTS, 

1 and 2 years old, grown exclusively from 
imported seeds, at J5.00 per 1.000. 
ALFRED JOUANNET, Mount Pleasant, S. C. 



PALMORE'8 

Law and Collection association, 

Established 1884. Claims collected 
in all parts of the United States. 
No collection — no charge. 

P. 0. Box 503. 905 % East Main Street, 
RICHMOND. VIRGINIA. 



fEflffifE 

GREENSBORO, N.C. 

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE did 
ither Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion 

COLLIE PUPS! 

By prize-winning imported aires and trained 
damn. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm. 
Priea, $10, either aex. Alao a book on the care 
and training of the Collie for all p radical uaea. 
Prioe, 50c. Copy of book free to purchaser ol 
Oollia. 

Stock Farm, " MAPLEO NT ," Albany, Ver. 

FOR SALE. 

SEVERAL. 

HARRIER-BEAGLE PUPPIES, 

8 months old, well bred, good lookers, and 
just beginning to hunt. For particu- 
lars, apply to 

A.S.CRAVEN, Greenwood. Va. 



Registered S-.£Jfi£ 

C. Whites. Fine large 

strains. All ages, mated 

not akin, 8 weak. pigs. 

Bred sows. Service boars 

and Poultrv. Write for prlcesand freecircular. 

P. F. HAMILTON, Cochran ville, Chester Co., Pa. 




Telegraphy 



Easy tuition. 

Positions secured. 

Free Catalogue. 

T. C. TELEGRAPH SCHOOL, Dept. D, Uhrichville, 0- 



1*)3.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



55 



ta 



JACKS 

FOR SALE. 

1 to 6 yrs. old. Fine Jacks a 

specialty. Write for 

what you want. 

W E. KNIGHT & CO., 

Nashville, Tenn 



FINE JACKS. 

Mules are equal to Gold Dollars, from 

" youth to old age." Several nice ones 

and 2 very fine Jennetts for sale. Buy 

Jack now and get him ready for spring. 

Write your wants to 

L. L. THOriAS, 
722 W. Campbell Ave., - Roanoke, Va. 



150 Jacks, Jennets & Mules 150 




Best assortment 1 
ever owned. Can 
suit you exactly. 
Write for descrip- 
tion and pi ices. 

Also will sell two 
Percheron stallions 
at close figures. 
BAKER'S JACK FARM, 

Lawrence. Indiana. 



KNIGHT & JETTON, 

Breeders of and Dealers in 

Jacks, Jennets, 
Stallions. 

Fine lacks A Specialty 

Write for cat. 
MURFREESBORO, 

TtNN' 




JACKS. 




Raise mules and 
get rich. 200 large 
Black Spanish Jacks 
for sale. 14 to 16 
hands high. Good 
ones and money 
makers. Cheaper 
now than later on. 
Stock guaranteed. 

Also some fine 
large Jennys and 
mules. 

Write for prices. 

KREKLER'S JACK FARM, West Elkten, Preble Co. 0. 

70 EWES TO SELL, also I 
REG. DORSET BUCK. 

The ewes are native grade Merinos, and bred 
to one of the finest registered Dorset bucks. 
They are all in fine condition and perfectly 
healthy, and none over three years old. Also 
1 Registered Dorset Buck, a very fine animal. 

G. E. CONNELL, M. D , IRWIN, VA. 
OAK RIDGE FARM 



Oak Ridge, Nelson, Co., Va. 
As Mr. T. F. Ryan wishes to make this a 
stock farm with thoroughbred cattle to benefit 
himself as well as afford a good opportunity 
to all Virginians to improve their stock. I 
wish to say that we have 

7 THOROUGHBRED 

Red Poll Bull Calves 

For sale at reasonable prices. Their ages range 
from 4 to 11 months old. Write or come and 
see them. 

AD. C. RUCKER, Sup't. 

Mention thi Southern Planter when 
writing advertisers. 



Virginia (Hampton Institute), Hampton, 
Va. Nature Study Leaflet, No. 7. 
Beautifying School Houses and 
Yards. 

Virginia Weather Bureau, Richmond.Va. 
Report for November, 1902. 

West Virginia Experiment Station, Mor- 
gantown.W.Va. Bulletin 83. Poultry 
Experiments. 

West Indian Bulletin. Bridgetown, Bar- 
bados. Vol. Ill, No. 3. 

West Indies. Agricultural News, Barba- 
dos, November 22, 1902. 

The Petaluma Incubator Co., of Petal- 
uma, California, to keep pace with the 
enormous growth of its business, has 
within the last few weeks not only com- 
pleted a large three-story brick building 
as an addition to its factory by which the 
capacity has been more than doubled, 
but has also opened a large store and 
warehouse at 33 Market Street, San Fran- 
cisco. The latter move was made to not 
only aid in the sale of Incubators and 
Brooders but to enable them to better 
handle all the various lines of goods for 
which they are Pacific Coast and Export 
agents. Mr. L. C. Byce, President of the 
Company, is accredited with having done 
more to advance tt e poultry interest 
than any man in the world, and whose 
personal efforts has made Petaluma and 
vicinity the greatest poultry raising sec- 
tion in the United Siates. 

The factory and main office at Petaluma 
is in charge of Mr. Byce, Mr. R. C. Gray, 
General Manager, Mr. H. R. Campbell, 
Manager of Poultry Supply Department, 
while the Eastern House at Indianapolis, 
Ind., is directed by Mr. E. S. Coming, the 
Vice-President, and Mr. C. H. Taft. Secre- 
tary of the Company, is in charge of the 
SanFranciso business. 



"PRINCE RUPERT" COMES TO 

" ANNEFIELD " FARMS, BRIGGS 

CLARKE COUNTY, VA. 

Mr. Ed. Gay Butler, proprietor of the 
above farms, has just purchased and 
brought home the splendid Hereford 
bull ''Prince Rupert." This bull has 
for the past two years been at the lead 
of the prize-winning herd of Mr. W. H. 
Curtice, Eminence, Ky. While Mr. But- 
ler paid a pretty long price for him, we 
consider him fortunate in being able to 
secure him for his splendid breeding es- 
tablishment in the Valley of Virginia. 
We hope to show a picture of him in our 
next issue and also give an extended 
pedigree and a record of his winnings. 
Lookup Mr. Butler's advertisements of 
Berkshire and Herefords elsewhere in 
this issue. 



Cannon Snow & Co., of Quincy, 111., are 
advertising with us this issue their book 
of plans and instructions by which any 
one who is handy with tools can build 
an incubator of 200 egg capacity at a cost 
of about $8.00. This is less than half the 
usual price and includes their furnishing 
the parts difficult to make, such as lamp, 
regulator, etc. 

Now is a good time to begin, as the 
hatching season will soon be here. Write 
for full particulars. Address as above. 



DISPERSION SALE 

SHORTHORNS 




0^ 



WING to pressure of bus 
iness engagements in 
other directions, which will 
occupy me very closely for 
some time to come. I have 
decided to disperse the ELK 
GARDEN HBKD of Short- 
horn cattle, with the excep- 
tion of two bulls and six or eight females. I 
do not care to hold an auction sale and there- 
fore propose to offer my cattle at private 
treaty, either as whole or in lots to suit pur- 
chaser ; preferring to close out to one buyer. 

The herd now numbers about 90 head, con- 
sisting largely of straight Scotch families, such 
as Duchess of Gloster, Rose of Strathallan, 
Miss Ramsden, Mlna, Lavender and other 
noted Scotch tribes. There are also some fine 
Scotch-topped and double Scotch-topped cattle 
founded on such valuable Bates-topped fami- 
lies as Young Mary, Renick Rose of Sharon, 
Kirklevington Duchess, etc. My Scotch fami- 
lies were the pick of Canada. Our younger 
cattle are mainly the get of Knight of the 
Thistle 108656, and cows now in calf to the pure 
Scotch bull Blood Royal 168876. a splendid 
yearling of the Princess Royal tribe. 

The cattle are In good breeding condition, 
having been on grass without grain since 
April. 

H. C. STUART, 

ELK GARDEN, - RUSSELL CO., VA. 



SLLERSLIE FARM***-**, 
Thoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown Sheep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

?ob 8alb. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottbsvilli, Va. 



EAST RIVER SIDE 

SHORTHORNS. 

Choice bull and heifer calves for sale. 
Will make price very low for next 60 
days. 

JAMES F. GLEMMER, Summer-dean, Va. 



(( 



j) 



A POLLED DURHAM BULL Is the 

Model Dehorner. A few choice bull 
calves of this most popular breed 
for sale. 

J. L. HUMBERT, Charlottesville, Va. 



FOR SALE at $IO each, 

Three pure-bred 

ANQORA BUCKS 

Price includes crating and delivery on 

cars at Columbia, Va., C. & O. R. R. 
A good flock of Angoras can be built 
up by using pure bucks in cross- 
ing with common does. 

C. E. JONES, - Carysbrook, Va. 

■ VfiflDl GfllTC * rs handsome, hardy and 

InQUnfl SUA 10 profitable. For larje cir- 

I cuiar addreen E. W. COLE & CO . K»«ton, Oh I*. 



56 



THE SOUTHBEN PLASTER. 



[January 



VMWMV 



VWVWwWVWW<S^VWV^ 



flERKSKSREg 

ANNEFIELD HERD 

Represents the 

Finest Blood Lines 

In England or America. 



Stock for sale at all times. 



i 



Correspondence Solicited. 

Inspection Invited. 

EDW. Q. BUTLER, Annefield Farms. 
Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. 



Farm Bulletin 

We are offering some nice BERK- 
SHIRE PIQS. Let us have your 
orders early. Choice stock ; prompt 
attention. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
Blaoksb urg, Va. 

POLAND-CHINAS 

Closely related to such famous hogs as 
Anderson's Model, Model of 97 and 
Hands Off. Pigs, boars, gilts and bred- 
sows for sale. Also some good SHORT- 
HORN bull calves and SHROPSHIRE sheep. 
Stock guaranteed as represented or 
money refunded. 

. F. DURRETTH, - Birdwood, Albemarle Co., Va. 

cho,cb Poland China 

Pigs, both sexes, 3 mos. old, not akin, for 
sale, sired by ■ CHEF b ST" son of "Tecum- 
SKH2nd" and "Moorish Perfection 3rd," 
grandson of " CmtF Perfection 2nd " from 
''Tecumseh Black U. 8." and"FREE 
Trade" Sows. 

Reg. PER- HERON FILLY, 3 yrs. old, in foal to 
line bred black Registered Brilliant Stallion- 
good size and style, good worker and sound. 
THOS. R. SMITH, - Lincoln, Loudon. Va. 

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 
M. B. TURKEYS Very Fine. 

B. P. R. Chicken Eggs in season. 

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARH, 

J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va. 

Ayrshiras, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrs ire calves of both sexes, Berbshlrt 
pigs and boat, and 2 Oxford-Down Rams For 
Bale. MELROsE CASTLE FARM, 

EN08 H. HESS, Manager, Casanova, Va. 



THE DAIRYMAN'S TRIUMPH. 

The following is from an address de 
livered by Mr. John Gould at the recent 
meeting of the New York Dairyman's 
Association : 

The farmer of a century ago was a cy- 
pher among the industries ; now he is 
able to buy. four times over, all the other 
industries combined. Some single States 
make butter enough in one year to buy 
all the gold mined in the United States 
in twelve months. The American farmer 
owns 400,000,000 acres, divided into 
5,700,000 deeded farms, not including 
ranches valued at $16,500,000,000. His 
buildings are worth $4,000,000,000; ma- 
chinery, $800,000,000; live stock, 
$400,000,000. In 1900 he produced 
$5,000,000,000 worth of farm produce, 
and has on deposit in savings and other 
banks of the country $2,000,000,000, prac- 
tically equal to the present money circu- 
lation of this country. On these 7,500,000 
farms last year the farmer raised 
91,000,000 acres corn, worth $751,000,000; 
40,000,000 acres wheat, worth $323,000,000, 
while the gold and silver of the mills 
only yielded $153,000,000 or $900,000,000 
less than these two crops. The cotton 
crop was worth $465,000,000, and the to- 
bacco crop far beyond $100 (100,000. The 
dairymen's income was $447,000,000 more 
than the output of the gold and silver 
mines. Besides, there are 18,000,000 cows, 
18,000,000 horses. 61,000,000 sheep, 
62,000 000 hogs, 50,000,000 other stock 
—one-fourth of all the domestic an- 
imals in the world. The wool clip 
last year was 162,000,000 lbs.; cotton 
made, 9,500 000 bales. Of our surplus are 
exported $844,000,000 from the farms, 
while from all other sources the exports 
amounted to $556,000,000 ; in other words, 
for every $100 we exported, $68 came 
from the farms, making us a creditor na- 
tion. 

The farmer, in addition to feeding him- 
self with every farm food indigenous to 
the United States, eating 1,000,000,000 lb- 
of butter and 540,000,000 lbs. of cheese, 
sent to the various nations of the earth 
$8,40 worth of farm produce for each liv- 
ing inhabitant of the nation. Farming 
from 185D went forward with a bound. 
Land values doubled ; villages sprang up ; 
the whole land was covered with a net- 
work of railways. It p it machinery into 
every department of farm work ; it made 
a net-work of telegraph wires overhead ; 
it sent the over-populated East flying to 
occupy the great prairie lands of the 
West ; the " wild-cat" currency and " red 
dog" banks were driven into oblivion, 
and currency was made forever safe and 
good. This revolutionization had a be- 
neficent effect on the dairyman who has 
basked in its golden sunshine ever since. 
His $10 to $15 cow became worth $25 and 
$30; his 3Jc. cheese — sold now green 
weight— for 5 and 6 cents cash— no more 
store pay— and he was placed in the way 
of invention, improvement and progress. 
Science and literature came to his aid, as 
did most profound aod wise investigators 
and chemists. What was this force, this 
influence and expanding power? The 
discovery of gold in California. In the 
five years from 1849 that new province 
turned into the coffers of this land more 



FINE STOGK AT A BARGAIN. 




ttiJ^-Ttt- JJJUP Htji" 



One eight- year-old brown mare, Hackney and 

Trotter cross, fine driver, gentle handsome 

and stylish, very fast; Weight, 1,200 lbs. 

Price, $175. Worth double that money on 

any city market. 
One fine, re?. Aberdeen-Angus bull calf, six 

months old, very finely bred. 
Mine head beautiful, reg. Angora Goats; On* 

Buck ; Price, 820. Six Does ; Price, 812 each. 

Two Buck Kids; Price, 910 each. Lamp 

price of nine goats, $100. 
Two fine. reg. Dorset Ewe lambs, about 1 yr. 

old. Price, $10, each. 
One Scientific Grinding Mill, nearly new, 

made by Foos Manufacturing Co., Spring 

field, O. Price, 825. 

Address W. M. WATKIN5 k 50N8, 
Cottage Valley Stock Farm, 

Randolph, Charlotte Co. , Va. 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS 

Bull calves, $40 to 860, heifers 5 to 7 mos. old, 875. 
Limited quantity 

NEW SIBERIAN MILLET 

Seed at $1 50 per bus.; this millet will produce 
a crop of seed and a fair quality of hay at the 
same time. It is fully two weeks earlier than 
•he German millet, of finer quality, but will 
not yield quite as much. 

O E. JONES, Carysbrook, Va. 



ANGUS BULL CALVES 

Registered and unrecorded. Stook first- 
class, and breeding the best. 

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP 

First class yearling rams, and ewes of 
all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale. 

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va. 

FOR SALE! 

One Young % Guernsey 
Bull. 

Age 2% years. Gentle; In good condition; a 
fine animal : weight about 1000 lbs. 
Also, over 

From One to Three 
Years Old, 

Prom my two Registered Southdown Rams, 
White Knight, No. 9653. and Zeb. Vance, No. 
12287. and one fine .DORSET EWE, No 
7883, RECOXDED, and a lew CROSS DOR- 
SET and SOUTHDOWN EWES, from my 
Registered Do set Ram, No. 8066. For prices, 
particulars, etc., address, enclosing stamp, 

L. G. JON£S. Bethania, N. C. 



20 EWES 



Large English Berkshire Hogs, 
Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens 

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at 
head of herd. «af-EGGS IN SEASON. 
JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



57 






ANNEFIELD HERD OF REGISTERED ANIMALS 



HEADED BY 



i Prince Rupert, No. 79539 

Winner of the Grand Sweepstakes at Kansas City, 1901. Sired by the famous herd 
bull Beau Donald, No. 58996. Grandsire Beau Brummel, No 5 18 17. 

The herd is rich m " ANXIETY" blood, the most desirable and sought 

after breeding to-day. Stock for sale at all times. Inspection 

invited. Correspondence solicited. 

I EDWARD G. BUTLER, "Annefield," Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. | 



• FILSTON FARM. • 



SECOND LARGEST 

JERSEY HERD 

IN AMERICA. FOUNDED 188X 

BULL CALVES, and for the first time. Heifers 
bred to Imported Golden Peter, and Heifer 
Calves and a few aged Cows. 

BERKSKIRES, all ages, sired by Imported 
Storm King, or Imported Esau 'inn, Size, 
good shape and large litters. - 

Visitors welcome. Address for Book of Th« 
Farm, or prices 

E. M. QILLET, Clerk, Glencoa, Md. 
ASA B GARDINER, Jr., Manager 



Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Has for sale a large num. 
ber of nice young regis- 
tered A. J. C. C. 




JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 

None better bieu in the South. Comblnins 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blooo 
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25 00 
Heifers, same age, $35.00. POLAND-CHINA 
PIGS, $5.00 each. Send check and get what 
you want. 

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop., Battleboro. N. C. 



FOR SALE— Special Bargain in 

Reg. HOLSTEIII-f MESI1N BULL 

To avoid In-breeding. I will sell Lord 
Fitch, No. 22685, H. F. H. B. 



W. W. HARPER, 



ORANGE, VA 



than $270,000,000 in gold, and on its 
strength the nation took on a new lease 
of life. From that day we ceased to be a 
people of barter and exchange, and be- 
came one of cash on delivery. It was the 
dairyman's first triumph ! After 1852 the 
dairy became an industry ; before, it was 
a struggle. Eveu in the fierce war of '61 
came the cheese factory. Hardly a State 
to-day but has its Dairy Associaion, and 
the best statistics place the number of 
milch cows at 18,500,000, the income from 
these dairies being approximately 
$600,000,0* 0— double that of any other 
farm industry. 

The dairyman and his brother farmer 
have possessed the land of this country 
and covered it with their flocks and herds 
and increased the producing power of the 
soil four-fold, so that while in 1850 they 
had only $500,000,000 worth of live stock, 
in 19i they were valued at $4 000,000,000. 
This has forced the semi-dairy farmer to 
market purplus abroad, so that last year 
of our surplus we supplied nearly 30 ] er 
cent, of the meat and 18 per cent, of the 
grain Europe consumed outside of Russia. 
Dairying has become a science and 
art Not a prac ice of 50 vears ago now 
exists in the dairy, save hand milking. 
Four distinct lines of dairy breeds have 
been made prominent in our dairying, 
while 10.000 dairymen have mixed all the 
breeds together and produced the general 
purpose cow, whose purpose is to eat all 
she can lay lip to and give in return as 
little, aside from her company, as possi- 
ble. 

It is computed that we are now pro- 



READERS 

OF THE 

PLANTER 

In want, of a PIANO will find it to their 
interest to write to us. We assure them 
Ihere is such a thing as buying an 
honestly made instrument at a mode- 
rale price. 

We make CASH and TIME SALES, 
an t are willing to take part payment 
in Stuck and Far™ Products. 

Write and state your wishes. 

F. W. WALTER & SON, 

STAUNTON, VA. 



FOR SALE. 

JERSEY BULL. 

A. J. C. C. Emperor Nero, No. 54171. 

LEGHORNS, White, S. C. Brown, R. C. 
Brown. 

WYANDOTTE COCKERELS. Price, 

$1 00 per nead, three for $2.50. 
Address 
J. B JOMNSON. Clover HIM Farm. Manassas Va. 

RUPTURE CtTBED while you work 

** ** r ■ ** ■» i™ You pay $1 when cured. 
No sure, no pay. ALEX SPEIRS, Box 844 
Westb ook. Maine 

Mention the Southern Planter % hen cor- 
responding with advertisers. 



58 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



p5T ?a[sna[5uai5i rgJi5i faJ[sTfa[5TTat5i rHJL5i Rj[5TfaE^ 



iai 

a 

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BILTMORE FARMS, 

Poultry Yards Department. 



BILTMORE, 

N. C. 



More than 50 matings of prize-winning standard birds from which we will ship a certain number 
of sittings. WRITE FOR SPECIAL EGG CIRCULAR. 



Plymouth Rocks, 

White and Barred. 

Wyandottes, 

Golden, Silver and White. 

Leghorns, 

S. C. White and Brown and 11. C. White 

Toulouse Geese, 



Light Brahmas, 
Black Langshans, 
Black Minorcas, 
M. Bronze Turkeys, 



Buff Cochins, 
Pekin Ducks, 
Cor'sh Indian Games 
W. Holland Turkeys. ^ 



we: ARE FOR 1903 

On a larger scale than ever. Sending out better birds at more reasonable prices' 

More than ever anxious to please customers. 



aJ OUR YEARLY SALES for the last three years have nearly doubled themselves each year over that of the preceding year. 



151 

a 
a 
a 
a 
a 

5 

a 

5 

a 

5 

a 
I 

5 

a 
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[B uHlGflrai^l^l^rg^lj^Eflr^ 



BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmore. N. C. 

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, 

Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD, jt * j, 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show ring. 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed" 
ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many of these 
calves are fit to show and win in any company. 



J- J* 



BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. 



Jt jt 



SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 



apply to BILTMORE FARMS, BILTMORE. N. O. 



1993.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 



59 






Third Annual Brood Sow Sale, 

FEBRUARY 3, 1903. 



ft/L TMORE fARMS 

The demand for Biltmore Berkshires during the last year has made it almost impossible to reserve a sufficient num- 
ber of high class individuals to make up a sale list. Therefore we decided rather than disappoint the many breeders that 
yearly select foundation stock and out-crosses from these offerings, to make a special importation for this sale. 

This IMPORTATION represented nearly a month hunt over the whole of England, and we would willingly retain 
the larger part of the sows, but realize that this is impossible without hurting the sale. 

All are choicely bred and guaranteed safe in pig ; and moreover, this will probably be the last chance to select 
from so many Imported animals, as we hope next year to confine the sale to sows of our own breeding. 



The entire importation of 65 head will be sold without reserve. 

They are the tops representing our first choice from the most successful 

English breeders. 



English Live Stock Papers say "this is the choicest, largest and most 
costly purchase of Berkshires that has ever left England." 



All guaranteed safe in pig to such great boars as Loyal Berks, The Duke 
Imported, Royal Carlisle (First Prize at the English Royal Show), 

Manor Faithful, etc. 



Every Sow either sired by, out of, or a producer of WINNERS. 

Take a Winter Tourist's Ticket at i^ fare |for the round trip, to Asheville. Money refunded to all 
purchasers of $125.00 worth of stock or more. If you cannot come send a mail bid to the Farms, or write 
for Mr. W. R. Harvey, one of the most noted expert judges of America, who will be present in person, 
to select you, in his opinion, one of the best bargains of the sale within a certain limit. 



CATALOGUES OUT SHORTLY AFTER JANUARY 1st. 



66 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



ducing 1 400,1 OO.fOO lb. of butter annual 
lv. and about 500,0 000 lb. of cheese, in 
addition to the milk trade, and are ex- 
porting practically nothing:, while even 
in 1880 we sent abroad 127,000,000 lb. of 
cheese and 40,000,900 lb. of butter. Why 
this change? Because, with education 
and skill, with cold storage and better 
ways of handling, we are now making 
our bntter and cheese so much finer that 
we are consuming it at home and saving 
freight and commission. It is safe to 
predict that we shall soon be importing 
no inconsiderable proportion of the but- 
ter and cheese we consume. At present, 
no market in Europe can pay Jamestown 
prices for these commodities. 

To the dairyman, new influences out- 
side of the dairy are coming to help him 
and make his country hfe one of higher 
attainments. The dairying of the whole 
country is in a rapid state of transition, 
not only in labor but in profit. The dairy- 
man has now rural mail delivery, the tel- 
ephone, the trolley; and, better and grand- 
er than all, with far wider-reaching influ- 
ences, is the centralized country school, 
that gives the dairyman's boy and girl 
the best English education at their own 
homes and associated with home and 
rural influences— the very thing which 
makes for national morality and loyal 
citizenship, the stability that shifts the 
balance in our oft rocking ship of State, 
and again puts her on her course with 
level keel. 



VERIFIES THE CLAIM. 
Wytheville, Va , Feb. 1, 1902. 
Newton's Heave and Distemper Cure is 
the best medicine I ever had in my sta- 
ble. It does exactly what you claim. 
Others here say the same thing. 
Yours respectfully, 

M. M. Sutherland, 

Dealer in Horses. 



GRIND YOUR FEED. 
We need not urge upon our readers 
again the importance of grinding feed 
for live stock. All farmers recognize its 
economy. We do want to urge, how- 
ever, "the importance of getting a good 
grinder of your own, and desire to call 
especial attention to tbe offer of G. M. 
Ditto, of Joliet, 111 , to send one of his 
triple geared, hall bearing grinders to any 
responsible farmer on approval You can 
try it before you buy it. The Ditto Mill 
is well and favorably known throughout 
the country, and we believe our readers 
will be interested in the attractive lite- 
rature Mr. Ditto sends out. 



PRIZE WINNINGS 

AT RICHMOND SHOW 1902 

I received 1st on pen, 1st on hen, 1st and 

2nd on pullets, 3rd on cockerel. 

Choice cockerels, 82 to *5. Hens and pullets, 

$2 to 85. Wilte rue your want*, I can please 

you. Eggs $2 per 15 In season. 

C. G M. FINK, 1409 W. Leigh St., Richmond, Va. 



UVC DiV <9C A VtfPt-k' Aucl expenses to men 
nt rfll 9t0 n nLLlV wltu r j gs t .ntroduce 

Poultry Compound. 

IMERNrtTlor^AL M'F'G. CO., Parsons. Kan. 



«OJ UirriM II Paid to collect and solicit near 
$Z4 WttlXLT home. BULLOCK'S LEGAL 
bUivEAU, Indianapolis, lad. 




THIS CHECK 

and several smaller ones 

I received the past season 
for Strawberries (not 

Flants). That was because 
have only the best. It 
pays to get the best. I 
sell none but the best. I can't afford to 

have any other. The cost of plants is comparatively a small 
item and the best is none too good. I will send my beauti- 
fully illustrated catalogue with lithographed covers of 
High Grade Strawberry Plants by return mail for two 2c 
stamps. If interested send to-day. This will not appear 
again. Address, 

W. F. ALLEN. Salisbury. Md. 



SUNNY HOME HERD OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. 

SIRES IN SERVICE 

EULALIES LADDIE 41861 assisted by BARON ROSEBERRY, 
The WESTERTOWN ROSE son of QaY BLACKBIRD (the sire of Gay Lad). 

Most of the leading families of the breed — Coquett. Queen Mother, Westertown 
Rose, Rose of Adno, Nosegay, Violets etc , — sired by puch noted buils ss Gay Black- 
bird, Ermoor 18171, bv Roval Erie ; Eulalies Erie 15568, by Heather Lad 2nd ; Bean 
Bill 18637; Baron Ida 20184; Dark Prince *06<?8. 

Quality combined with best of breeding, our motto. 
No fancy prices, but business cattle at business prices. 
Write for what you want. 

A. L. FRENCH. Proprietor. Fitzgerald, N, O. 



Rockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Va., on D. & W. Ry. 
<* CLEN ALLEN HERD OF <* 

..ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE.. 

Headed by ALLENHURST KING IV 47199, 

Assisted by VICTOR G., No. 3f693. 

I am now offering for sale a few choice young bulls of serviceable age, at a 
bargain. Any one wanting bnlls from prize- winning families at a moderate 
price, will save time and money by calling on or addressing 

GLEN ALLEN STOCK FARM, W. P. ALLEN, Prop., Walnut Hill, Va. 



* ■VIIR-Q-IIETI^ ZDIVISIOIET. * 

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association 

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State for the farmers 
of Virginia, under an amended and well protected plan. 

Insures, against Fire and Lightning, only country property — no stores or unsafe 
risks. Average cost per year for three years has been $3.66f per $1000, including 
dwellings, barns, produce, &c, — about one-third the usual cost of insurance to 
farmers. Amount of property insured $325,000. Estimated security in real and 
other estate, $600,000. 

For further information, address, CHAS N FRIEND, Genera Agent 

MSJvrfON this journal.. CHCSTBR. VIRGINIA 



R\lby II ,— JS 5«-«l^ A radish for every man, can be forced 

Kind BxfjLUlSria in hot housesorframes without becum- 
,n B J*^«"*> , V<».».W»m.a» jnppithy.audlsremarkablywoductive 

n open garden. Top small and flesh is tender, juicy and mild. Color rich scarlet. 

The Ideal Radish for either Gardener or Amateur. 

Six ounces will plant a 100 yard row. Write for our FltEE illustrated catalogue, 
describing full line of Itocky Ford Cantaloupe, Alaska Peas, Valentine 
licatiH, Gradus 1'eiih, Field and Garden Seed, Bulb* and Plants. 
Write now. J. Bolglano <& Son, Dept. P S, Baltimore. Md^ 




1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLAOTEB. 



«1 



Ho* 1 Iron Ac* 
Doable and SlngU 
H heel Hot-. 



/Improved- Kobblns 
1'otato I'luoter. 




Look for the full name IRON AGE branded on the fooL 

Don't be imposed upon by dealers selling implements made in imitation of the famous Iron Age brand 
All the IRON AGE tools are MARKED WITH THE PULL NAME. The name is for your protection. 
It is a guarantee of best materials, best ideas, best workmanship, and all the merits that have ma" 
Iron Age tools popular with three generations of farmers and gardeners. Write for a FREE copy 
of the NEW IRON AGE BOOK, telling all about these marvelous labor savers, and giving prices 
on Cultivators, Horse Hoes, Seed Drills, Wheel Hoes, Riding Cultivators, the Improved-Robbins 
Potato Planter, &c. 

BATEMM MFG. CO., Box 167, Grenloch, N. J. 




No. 6 
Iron Age 
llnrs, Hoe 
Ami Cultivator. 



BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS. 

A B C of Bee Culture. A Cyclopaedia 
of Everything Pertaining to the Care of 
the Honey Bee. By A. I. Root. Revised 
by E. R. Root. 

We have lately received the 1903 edi- 
tion of the A B C of Bee Culture, an illus- 
trated enclopedia devoted entirely to the 
subject of bees. To all who are interest- 
ed, or those who want to know more 
about bees, we are sure that this boo ^ 
will be a real help, and we are glad to re- 
commend it as being many times worth 
its cost. Prici, $1.20, postpaid. It can be 
obtained from the publishers, The A. I. 
Root Co., Medina, Ohio, or we can supply 
it at the publisher's price. 



Ginseng. Its cultivation, harvesting, 
marketing and market value, with a 
short account of its history and botany. 
Revised, greatly enlarged and brought 
down to date. Illustrated, 144 pages, 5x7 
inches. Clot". Price, postpaid, 50 cents. 
Orange Judd Company, New York. 

The impetus given to the American 
Ginseng industry, through the appear- 
ance of the first edition of the book, has 
been almost phenomenal. Ginseng grow- 
ing has made such rapid strides and the 
demand for information has increased so 
greatly that a second and extended edi- 
tion has become necessary. The informa- 
tion contained in the present volume, 
which is nearly three times as large as 
the first, has been culled from a large 
mass of material and is, decidedly, the 
best that has appeared since ginseng cul- 
ture first attracted attention in America 
Every detail bearing upon successful gin- 
seng growing is fully and minutely elab 
orated ; and the author is confident that 
ginseng culture will grow in proportion 
to the application of intelligence to it. 
To any one intending to embark into this 
industry this book must prove invalua 
ble. We can supply the book at the 
publisher's price. 



Coffee Planting, a short treatise com- 
piled with special reference to the condi 
tions of culture in Cuba and Porto Riro. 
By Joseph Hillman. Published by Wm. 
S. Myers, Director Chilian Nitrate Propa- 
ganda (nitrate of soda), 12 John street, 
New York. 



Mention the Southern Plamter when cor- 
responding with advertisers. 



S/R JOHN BULL'S P/GS. 

All testify to his prepotency , nor is 

UNCLE SAM^~. 

Unlike him in strong points of transmission or reproduction 

Every pig I ship has individual merit, aside 
from the purest English strain of LARGE 
BERKSHIRES that I could imporc from 
the most famous breeder in England. 

LET HE HAVE YOUR ORDERS 

PROriPTLY FOR FALL SHIPJIENT, 

at Farmers' Prices. 

HUNTING DOQS and PUPS FOR SALE. 
THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, f». 




POUND 



CHINAS. 




TECUMSEH G, 49283. 

Have sold out all pigs on hand and am now booking orders for pigs 
from my spring litters. Have a limited number of YOUNG SOWS 
in pig FOR SALE. Address 

J. B. GRAY, FREDERICKSBURG. VA. 



*^% <%/*%*/%+. <W*%S%S± %/%/%^%/%^ %Ak> ■%/%/%*/%•%. -%/v^%/%^%. %^» 

FOR SALE— Three Finely Bred ^ 

BERKSHIRE BOAR 



PIGS ; ready the latter part of January. 

FOREST HOME FARM, Purcellville, Va. 



62 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[January 



NO POETRY IN CATTLE BUSINESS. 

"The cattle businees does not offer op- 
portunities for poetry now," said a sun- 
burned Westerner to his Wall St. friend 
the other day. The two men were taking 
luncheon together at a downtown restau- 
rant, and as the waiter spread the cloth 
the city man remarked : 

"What could a poet ever do out in your 
wild West, except be a tenderfoot and an 
easy mark, as we say nowadays?" 

"Well, what I meant was that ranch- 
ing is not such a romantic and picturesque 
business now as some writers paint it," 
was the reply. " There was a time, be- 
fore I was baldheaded, about thirty years 
ago, or perhaps less, when the cattlemen 
had no fences to their pasture grounds. 
They simply branded their cattle, and 
once a year they went out and rounded 
them up. Each man then singled out the 
cattle of his mark, and then came a long 
drive to the railroad. These early ranch- 
ers thought that they owned the prairies 
by divine right. 

"About fifteen years ago a change came. 
Hundreds of thousands of emigrants 
came pouring in, the great majority of 
whom were from Scandinavian countries. 
The opening up of the Indian lands of 
Oklahoma and its division into smaller 
farms took away many a hundred square 
mile from the old pasture lands. At the 
present time a cattle-raiser must fence in 
his property, own it or lease it, and by 
irrigation get as much vegetation out of 
it as possible. His cattle are carried 
away from his barne by express trains, in 
refrigerating cars, and everything is sys- 
tematized as in a department store." 

"Well, I shouldn't think a poet could 
get very fervid over refrigerated beef," was 
the answer, as the Wall St. man drank a 
glass of iced spring water. 

UNDERGROUND ; WATE R. 

In the Eastern part of the country the 
value'and extent of underground waters 
are illustrated oy the enormous quantity 
used in the city of Savannah, Ga. In 
1888, the entire supply of the city was 
drawn from wells yielding 5,850,000 gal- 
lons a day, a total for the year of 
2,135,842 000 gallons. In the course of 
time, this supply somewhat diminished, 
and it was suspected that the flow was 
obstructed in its entrance to the welle. 
The pipes were accordingly flushed by 
forcing into them water under high pres- 
sure, and the flow was markedly im- 
proved. 

The"study of underground water in its 
relation to the effective water supply of 
the country is one of the most important 
departments of the work of the United 
States Geological Survey. It is carried on 
in the arid regions, where water for irri- 
gation is of the greatest value; in the 
Middle West, where grazing and success- 
ful farming largely depend on it, and in 
the East, where an unpolluted supply for 
domestic and municipal use is yearly be- 
coming a more serious problem. 

One of the greatest triumphs for an 
ambitious young man is to learn to be 
contented, to be satisfied with doing a 
good honest day's work ; to be contented 
to live humbly, if necessary, while his 
neighbors roll in wealth. — Success. 




TWO CROP ESSENTIALS 

are cultivation and keeping down weeds. 
More important than deep cultivation is 
keeping the surface stirred, breaking the 
crust due to rains, and allowing the light, 
air, moisture and warmth to penetrate 
quickly to the roots of the growing plant. 
For doing just these things the ideal lmple- 
■"^ment is the 

Adjustable Weeder 
and Shallow Cultivator. 

It kills the weeds at first showing, the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plant 
roots are not disturbed and the moist soil is not brought up to dry in the sun. Adjustable 
in width. Narrows to 30 Inches, widens to 7 l / 2 feet. Strong, runs steady, no cumbersome 
shafts. Furnished either with round teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are 
licensed by the Hallock Weeder Company to use their famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet 
mailed free. We also make 10 styles Corn Planters, 12 styles Cultivators, 20 styles Corn Shel- 
ters, hand and power, Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write for catalogue C. 

KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO.," 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa. 



KEYSTONE 



EUREKA MOWER CO. 

MjLNITFAOTCEEKS op 

MOWERS, CULTIVATORS, 
CORN PLANTERS, POTATO PLANTERS, 

WEED BUS, 

And other Implements. Send for Catalogue and Prices. 

UTICA, N. Y., U.S.A. 



A Perfect Weeder 

in all soils, under all conditions. The all important feature of flexibility 
of teeth is near perfection in the YORK IMPROVED. 

Made of square spring steel with round points, and set stag- 
gered in strong but flexible angle steel frame. Wide clearance, no 
clogging, teeth too strong to break. Multiplies producing qualities 
of soil and does not whip or bruise growing plant. Adjustable 
handles and shafts. Write for free descriptive circular. 

Spangler Manufacturing Co., 501 Queen Street, York, Pa. 



CISMONT DORSETS . . 



-\ 



CISMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



Prices reasonable. 



G. S. LIHDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., la. 




HOLSTEINS THAT PAY. 

Purchasers are offered selections from our herd, both male and female ; 
our cows are of the leading strains, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech- 
thildes. Hengervelds, Nether ands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are 11 well bred 
and milking from 40 to 65 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Dry ALWINA 
Count Paul De Kol and DeKol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2. 

THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Sylmar, Md, 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



63 



> ww^^^^> 



THE BUCHER & GIBBS PLOW CO., 



Ist «ebest ^mmixi 

— (BO* 6 



SOWS' 



MANUFACTURE A FULL LINE OF 



MADE AT 



OHIO, b 




PLOWS in all sizes; SPIKE-TOOTH, SPRING- 
TOOTH and DISC HARROWS; ONE-HORSE 
CULTIVATORS, and LAND ROLLERS. 



This popular Plow is 

made strong and durable. 
Gives satisfaction to the 
farmer. 
Our full line of goods for 
sale by 




Catalogue Free. Ceneral Agents, 1302-1304 E. Main St., RICHMOND, VA. 



.. THE.. 



Cardwell Machine Co., 

Cary and ipth Sts. 9 Richmond, Va„ 



. . MA NUFA CTURERS. . 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 

and MACHINERY. 

THRESHERS, HORSE POWERS, CORN PLANTERS, CORN 
SHELLERS, SMITH WELL FIXTURES, GENUINE 
SMITH STRAW CUTTERS, PEANUT MA- 
CHINERY, BALING PRESSES. 

Tobacco Machinery, Trucks, Screws, Elevators, Hand and Power, for 

Stores. Factories and Warehouses. 

Successors to J W. CARDWELL & CO. and H. M. SMITH & CO, 



64 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[January 



WHAT WOMEN CAN DO FOR THE 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

You can first visit the school and see 
that the house is clean before the session 
opens ; that there are enough seats and 
hooks, or nails, for hats, wiaps and lunch 
baskets; that there are a pail for water, 
drinking vessels, basin, towels and soap ; 
that the yard is clean, and some shrubs 
and trees planted, with vines to screen 
out-buildings. If the yard is muddy, and 
especially if it be the red mud, be sure to 
have a walk made, and a few boards will 
help a great deal. Place on the walls one 
or more good pictures. Copies of the 
world's master pieces can be had for a 
penny each, and large pictures for from 
five to twenty five tents each. But do 
not degrade the school-room by filling it 
with trash ; better a perfectly bare room 
than one filled with tawdry decorations 
covered with dust Start a library. 

I have been in many comfortable 
homes where the only books were a 
few old school-books, the Bible, and the 
Almanac, and it is no wonder that we 
have suffered at the hands of the 
historians when this is true. Help the 
teacher by aiding in and arranging for 
social evenings and t ntertainments at the 
school-house. Visit the school and inter- 
est others in doing so. The women of the 
State can do for the school-houseB a worlj 
similar to that which they have done for 
every church, and the hopes of all good 
women will be realized just in proportion 
to the rational development and the 
steady progress of the civilizing work of 
churches and schools. — Mrs. C. D. Mclver 
in an Address to North Carolina Federation 
of Womtn's Clubs. 



LATEST GOVERNMENT MAPS OF 
NORTH CAROLINA. 
Two excellent maps of portions of 
North Carolina have recently come from 
the press of the United States Geological 
Survey. One of them, that of the Wil- 
hampton quadrangle, shows a section of 
Bertie, Martin and Pitt counties and that 
portion of Roanoke Valley between Ham 
ilton and Williamston. The other, that 
of the Cranberry quadrangle, shows the 
extreme northwestern portion of the State 
in the heart of the Blue Ridge, and in- 
cludes portions of Mitchell, Caldwell, Wa- 
tauga, Ashe and Wilkes counties, N. C, 
and of Carter and Johnson counties, Tenn. 
Grandfather Mountain, with an elevation 
of 5,964 feet, is the highest represented 
on the sheet, but many others are seen to 
reach the 5,0( 0-foot elevation. 

Both these maps are unusually accurate 
in detail, showing all roads and trail* and 
even indicating the locations of dwellings 
in the country districts. They employ 
contours, or lines of equal elevation, to 
indicate the topography, which gives 
vivid impressions of the shapes and 
slopes of hills and mountains, and espe 
cially in the Cranberry quadrangle. 



INNOVATION. 

It was Communion Sunday in a church 
where little Dorothy had never before 
attended. On the way home she said to 
her mother: 

"Well, mamma, that is the first church 
I ever was in where they served refresh- 
ments." — January LippincoWs Magazine. 



QRDEF^> EARE^ 



Fit you want to get a new bnggy and want to have it made to your order 
you should send for lb e mammoth catalogue of our 
SPLIT HICKORY VEHICLES 

at once. It will tell you about our 100 exclusive styles of vehicles made of 
second growth Split Hickory— split, not sawed— any of which will be made 

rn/se U ntTuon 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL 

returnable after trial if not just as you expected. We have satis- 
fied thousands and can satisfy you. 

Our SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL at $ 

ie the biggest buggy bargain in the world. De- 
. scribed in full in our catalogue. Send for that 
[Nk catalogue before you lay down thin paper. 
I ^V OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO., 



; 47 ! 




Station 41 Cincinnati, O 



CASTALIA HEREFORDS... 

The breeding cows and herd bulls at " Cast»lia" bav*> been se- 
lected with one aim; THE BEST, REGARDLESS TO COST. Herd 
headed by the 83.000 00 Imported SALISBURY, assisted by LARS, 
JR. I have now for sale a very fine bunch of bull calves by these 
bulls, also a few females. Visitors are welcome and met at station. 

Write your needs. 




MURRAY BOOCOCK, 



Keswick, Va. 



BACON HALL FARM. 

HEBEFQBO hesistebed CHTTLE 

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale. 



E M. GILLET & SON, 



Qlencoe, Maryland. 




fTEREFORH CATTLB.- Calves, entitled to registration, «75 to $100. Grade Calves by "8fc 
Edward ' fcS to 840. 

NHROPNHIKR SHEEP Bucks, one year old and over, 115 to 820. Buck Lambs, July de- 
livery, $10. and $12. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, 88. and $10. 

POI.ANB-CHIHA HOCM — Pigs, six weeks old, 15. Pigs, two or three months old, $7.60. 
PI gs, Ave months and over, $15 to $20. 

M. BRONZE Tint HETS.-Toras, $4. Hens, $8. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when In season $4. 

NrAOOTT DUCVN Pure White Drakes, $1.26. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs, $2.26; trios, $8 

BARRED PLTNOVTH ROCKS. 

ROUEN GEEME Ganders, $2 JO. Geese, $8.50. Eggs, per sitting, $8.00 

WILLIAM L, Jr., No. 21068, half brother of Axtell, wUl serve a limited number of mare* Hot 

$36 the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month. 



1903 j 



THE SOUTHERN PLA2TTEB. 



b5 



SHELBURNES 

Is the BEST WAREHOUSE 

in Richmond, the BEST MARKET for all grades of Tobacco. It 
is the home of sun and air cured Tobacco and headquarters for 
flue-cured and shipping types. Here are located the head offices and 
stemmeries of all the large corporations, Regie representatives and the 
largest number of independent factories and buyers in the United States. 

SHELBURNE'S WAREHOUSE 

Has the largest lighted space, insuring equal attention to every pile. 
Ample accommodations in every way for all our customers. 
Correspondence solicited. 

SILAS SHELBURNE & SON, Props., 12th and Canal Sts, RICHMOND, VA. 






,V^^^W^iV^V^^ ^^ ^» V W^ ^WW » 



WAGONS and BUGGIES 

MADE 

RIGHT HERE 

AT HOME 

The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 
The HUGHES BUGGY CO., 
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. 



All of Virginia. 



These vehicles are gjaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere ; material and workman- 
ship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, money and freight by 
purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. Drop in our warehouse and inspect our 
stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered. 

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 

J. T. DUNN, Manager. 



66 



IKE 80UTHBEN PLANTER. 



[January 



A RELIABLE SEED HOUSE. 
We trust that none of our readers will 
overlook the seed advertisement of the 
Griffith & Turner Company of Baltimore, 
Md., which is running in our columns. 
We believe it contains a suggestion which 
cannot but be helpful in selecting seeds 
for the new crop. Aside from the imper- 
ative necessity of chaDging seeds from 
time to time, bringing something new to 
the same old soil which constitutes the 
formers' plant for a generation, it must 
appeal to every one as being the wise 
thing to procure the seed from that part 
ticular region of country where that par- 
ticular kind of seed reaches it s highes- 
development. Right here is where the 
Griffith & Turner people come in. They 
make a study of seeds and seed growing 
in connection with climate and from the 
region there any particular kind reaches 
its best form, in that region they grow 
and bring their supply to their Baltimore 
house, and are thus enabled to furnish to 
patrons in any part of the country what 
is certain to be the most profitable seeds 
to plant This policy has been a most 
advantageous one to the company, result- 
ing in recent years in a most rapid exten- 
sion of their trade, particularly through 
the Northern regions. The firm is per- 
fectly reliable and painstaking. Any one 
writing for their catalogue, which is 
mailed free, may rest assured that he is 
about to deal with a firm whose chief 
concern is to supply seeds which will 
produce the very best results. 

Every boy born in the world should be 
put in the way of maintaining himself in 
honest independence. No education that 
does not make this its first aim is worth 
anything at all. The being able to do 
something is of infinitely more value 
than the ability to answer questions. 

More and more is it comiDg to be seen 
that the industrial hope of the South is 
in a wider dissemination of scientific, tech- 
nical and manual education, in making 
universal, so far as may be, that knowl- 
edge of the forces of mechanics that will 
lead to the development and mastery of 
the material resources that still lie slum 
bering in the depths of our hills and 
fields and forests— this is the supreme 
need of our impoverished Southland. — 
Prof. C. C. Thach, of Alabama Polytechnic 
Institute. 



THE WORST PUNISHMENT. 

" De punishment what Dives— de rich 
man — got down yonder is wusser than 
fire," said the colored preacher. 

" How come dat, parson," asked a mem- 
ber of his flock. 

" Dieapp'intment," was the reply. 
"Ever' time he hear a rumblin' noise 
overhead, he 'low ter hisse'f it's thunder 
en it's fixin' ter rain en ter put de fire 
out; but Satan des chuckle ter hisse'f, 
en say ter 'im : ' Brace up, ole man ! — dat 
ain't no thunder ; it's only yo' frien' Lath- 
erus enorin' on Abraham's buzzum.' " — 
Atlanta Constitution. 



The Miller MANURE SPREADER and PULVERIZER 

Is a machine every farmer should have. It will SAVE YOU its cost in a short while. 
IT MAKES FRIENDS WHEREVER SOLD. 



A NEAT BINDER for your back 
numbers can be had for 25 cents. Ad- 
dress the Business Office. 




WriflforSogue. THE NEWARK MACHINE CO., - Newark, Ohio. 

Mention the Southern Planter when you write. 



Hade for the Han 
Who Wants the 
Best. 



THE GREAT WESTERN 

Manure Spreader 




is the only Spreader runi t CO ADDflll and 
made that has an UslULtOd ArnUll the 

many advantages which it possesses. It's always 
in place and ready to receive the load without 
any turning back either by hand or complicated, 
easily broken machinery. The front and rear- 
axles are of same length which, with the- 

Broad Tires Prevents Rutting: 

_ of fields, meadows, etc. and makes 

LIGHT DRAFT. SPREADS ALL KINDS OF MANURE, ^£^^^^§ 

hulls, etc. Con be chanced Instantly to spread thick or thin while the machine Is In motloii-8 to 25- 

lBtUS&S^ END GATE AND BEATER AND HOOD PROTECTOR IN USE SSK£S5£ 

SMffi MNURE mSSSSS C^ 5^ JEFFERSON STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. 






JERSEY and GUERNSEY 

^CATTLE^ 

BOrKSnirC HOPS, young boars ready for 'ervice, and Pigs in pairs or trios not 

akin. Large, young Bronze Turkeys. A few Ply mouth Rock and Brown 

Leghorn Fowls. All the above stock ready for shipment now. 

A FEW BEAUTIFUL FOX TERRIER PUPPIES AT $5 EACH. 

M. B. ROWE, - Fredericksburg. Va. 



BLACKLEGINE 

Pasteur Blackleg Vaccine ready for use. UpARATlf 

Single Blacklegine (for common stock): 10 dose box, $1.50; 
20 dose box, $2.50; 50 dose box, $6.00. Double Blacklegine (for 
choice stock) $2.00 for 10 doses, first lymph and second lymph inclu- 
sive. Blacklegine Outfit for applying Blacklegine, 50 cents. 

Pasteur Vaccine Co., 

CHICAGO - NEW YORK - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCO. 



1903 J 



THE SOUTHERN PLAfiTEK 



67 



AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND 
FERTILIZERS. 
The amraoniate market is steady and 
firm. Continued inquiries from the South 
are being reported, but the business as 
yet has not developed very large propor- 
tions. Nitrates are inclined to be stiff, 
but quotations are generally unchanged. 
The demand for fish scrap and dried 
blood continues active, while the supply 
is not large. 

Ammoniates. 

Nitrate of soda, sp->t, per 100 lbs....$2 05 
Nitrate of soda, futures, 100 lbs.... 1 95 
Cottonseed meal, ton,c. i. f. N. Y.. 28 00 

Sulph. ammonia, spot 3 00 

Sulph. ammonia, shipment 2 97J 

Dried blood. New York grades 2 47J 

Dried blood, Western, high grade, 

fine ground 2 60 

Fish scrap, at New York 2 55 & 10c. 

Tankage, per unit 2 60 & 10c. 

Phosphates. 

Acid phosphate, per unit 60 

Bone black, spot, per ton 17 00 

Ground bone, per ton 23 50 

S. C. phosphate rock, ground, per 

2,000 lbs 5 50 

S. C. phosphate rock, undried, f. 

o. b. Ashley River, 2,400 lbs 3 25 

do. do do. dried.. 3 50 

Florida, high grade phosphate rock, 

f. o. b. Fernandina, per ton 7 60 

Florida land pebble phosphate rock, 

f. o. b. Fernandina, per ton 4 50 

Tennessee phosphate, f. o. b. Mt. 

Pleasant, domestic 3 50 

do. do. do. foliage.. 4 00 

Potash. 

Kainit, future shipment, per ton.. 3 05 
Keiseret, future shipment, per ton, 7 50 
Mur. potash, 80 p.c, future shipm't 1 80 
Double manure salt (48a49 per cent. 

less than 2\ per cent, chlorine), 

shipment, per lb 1 00 

Basis 48 per ct. 
High grade manure salt (90a93 per 

cent, sulphate potash) shipment, 2 09 
Basis 90 per ct. 
Manure salt in bulk, 20 per cent. 

per unit, O. F 64 

— Journal of Commerce (N. Y.) Dec. 29, '02. 

[Only highest prices quoted. — S. P.] 

THE GROWING WHEAT CROP. 

On December 4, it was pointed out that 
while most of the recognized private au- 
thorities were indicating a wheat acreage 
smaller than last year, the actual area 
was probably not much short of that 
seeded last year, and much larger than 
that harvested. The report of the De- 
partment of Agriculture, issued on the 
10th, more than confirms this position, it 
placing the acreage seeded at 34,000,000 
acres, against 32,000,000 seeded last year, 
and 27,000,000 harvested. This actual 
increase in breadth comes as a surprise 
and is at variance with all other informa- 
tion. The official estimate of area was 
certainly too low for the last crop, and it 
is quite possible that some correction of 
past figures is involved in the present 
estimate. To illustrate the differences 
that now exist in erop-reporting circles, 



1903. s^Farm Right and Prosper. 

JThe farmer's genius is shown and his prosperity meas- 
ured by what he works with. 



The Line Includes 
Up-to-Date Disc Plows,] 
Sulky & Gang Plows,, 
Stalk Cutters, 
Subsoilers, 
Planters, 
Cultivators, Etc. 



AVERY'S\to» 

i have the mod- 
ern idea, 
make your 
lands yield the most 
with least labor, give you such 
• advantages as money makers in other call- 
— ingsenjoy. Write our nearest house 
ahout any Labor-saving Im- 
plements you require. 

\B. F. Avery & Sons, 
Manufacturers, 
Louisville, Ky. 
Memphis, Tenn. 
New Orleans, La. 
Dallas, Tex. 



JERSEY CAT 



Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows. 

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS. 

The BACON BREED now leading all other breeds for making 
high-priced bacon. 

INDIAN GAMES-The king of table fowls. 

WHITEWYAJfDOTTES-The best general-purpose fowl. 

WHITE LEGHORNS- All sold out. 
Address 

BOJitfTUSONT FHRMS, Srlbm, 1£r. 



Reg. HOLSTEIN-ERIESIAN 

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and 

Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat. 

Stock of all ages for sale. 

Reg. BERKSHIRES From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord 

Highclere and Sunrise. 

^^DO/?SET SHEER. ^^0> 

B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, Fifteen Cockerels for sale 



N. and W. and Southern R. R. 



T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va. 



'THE 
OAKS 



SHORTHORNS 



ROR 
SALE 



2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised south 
of Petersburg. Va. All right in every particular. 

i F B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. 



RIPPLEY'S 0^.7.1 Steam Cookers 

sold under a guarantee for cooking feed, heating Poultry, Hog and 
Dairy houses, heating water in stock tanksor cooking feed 200 ft 
from Cooker. Aremadeof boilersteeljnofluestorustor leak. Can 
be used outside orin house. Safeasastove. Willcook26bu. offeed 
in 2brs. Used and endorsed by Wis.. la., Va., Ga. and Ont. State 

Experiment Stations. First premium atOmahaendTorontoExposlUons. Highest honor, »t 
Tex.. 111., led.. 0. Wis., Neb.. la. and S. DlJt.SUteF.Irs. 60 simple children ran them. 
Wo manufacture 6 styles, 15 sixes of Cookers. Prices 15.00 to $45.00. We pay freight on 
Steam Cookers. Cooker and Breeders' Supplj Catalogue and prices mailed free. 

RIPPLET HARDWARE CO.. Cooker Mfrt., Boi 70 GRAFTON, ILLINOIS. 





68 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[Januaiy 



it may be pointed out that the Kansas 
State report shows wheat-seeding 3.7 per 
cent, less than last year, while the bureau 
shows an increase of 8 per cent., Illinois 
reports 5 per cent, less, government per 
cent, more, Missouri reports 10 per cent, 
less, government 11 per cent. more. 

SOUTHERN ARTISTS. 

Mary Washington. 
After writing a series of articles on va 
rious Southern artists, such as Allston, 
Sully, F. Hopkinson Smith, and others, 
I received some belated intelligence of a 
few others of which I will make, as it 
were, a codicil to my former articles. One 
of these artists is Mr. J. D. Woodward, a 
native of Virginia, though he has been 
for several years a resident of New York, 
when he has not been in Europe, adding 
to his culture in art. His pictures are 
well known in the exhibitions in New 
York, as well as in other art centres, and 
he enjoys a very good standing in his own 
school. 

Mr Woodward is a landscape painter, 
mostly in oil, but has done a great deal 
of work for the publishers in bLck and 
white, notably for the A ppleton series of 
"Picturesque America, Europe and the 
Holy Land," besides contributing illus- 
trations to a number of other publica- 
tions. 

Mr. Woodward's parents lived and died 
in Virginia, and his brother and nephew 
are still prominent merchants in Rich- 
mond. 

Amongst the many objects of interest 
in the Confederate museum in Richmond, 
Va., may be mentioned a set of water- 
colored pictures (twelve in number), by 
Mr. Wm. Shepherd, a Richmond (Va.) 
man, illustrating the life of the Confed 
erate solder. The subjects are as fol- 
lows : 
The Mess Boy. 

Running the Blockade on Chesapeake 
Bay. 
Newspaper in the Trenches. 1864. 
Sunday in Camp in 1861. 
Opening of Spring Campaign. 
Company O. Stragglers. 
News from Home. 
Wounded Comrade. 
Reveille. 
A Last Parting. 

Equipment in 1S61 (black and white). 
Then there is an oil painting of Mr. 
Shepherd's, representing an artillery 
fight, and called "Virginia." 

In addition to the artistic talent and 
skill Mr. Shepherd has put into these 
pictures, he has furthermore had the ad- 
vantage of having had an intimate per- 
sonal knowledge of the scents he por 
trayed, by which meani« he was enabled 
to depict them in a far more life-like 
manner. 

Richmond has also produced a female 
artist of talent. Miss Adele Williams, 
who is perhaps the best known Virginia 
artist of the younger generation. Her 
work ranks high, especially in pastel por- 
traits. 

I regret that I have only been able to 
procure such meagre information at>out 
the above-named gifte<i lady, but suffice 
it to say she is an artist who does great 
credit to the South. 



ulverizing Harrow 

" Clod Crusher and Leveler 

SENT ON TRIAL 

To be returned at my expense if not satisfactory. 
The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Har- 
row on earth. We also make walk- 
ing Acmes. The Acme 
crushes, cuts, pulverizes, 
turns and levels all 
soils for all pur- 
poses. Made en- 
tirely of cast steel 
and wrought iron 
—indestructible. 
Catalog and Booklet, "An Ideal Harrow," by Henry Stewart, mailed free. 
I deliver free on board at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, etc 
Address DUANE H. NASH, 50LE MANUFACTURER - MILLINGTON, NEW JERSEY. 

PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER. 

POPULAR TOOLS FOR MARKET GARDENERS 




SEE SEED DROP 

Straightrowsat n j n p lain 




NEW UNIVERSAL. 



Double Wheel 
Hoe, Cultivator, 
Rake, and Plow 
Adjust* 



Single Wheel Hoe 
Cultivator, Plow and 
Rake, for between row 

cultivation, 

Runs Ceslly. 




NEW UNIVERSAL 

Drill & Cultivator 

The only implement 
made which can be used 
as seeder and 
cultivator. 1 or 'I 
wheels as de- 
sired. Quickly 
changed. 




High Arch Expan 



NEW UNIVERSAL 



Hoeisdoubleandsingle Wheel PIOWS. 




wheel combined. Adjustable to anydepth | T hree styles. For Gardeners % \ 

KuruwiK i !vl i! vi>-, 3 iw03 catalogue of latest styles now ready. Free. and Poulterers. 

AMES PLOW COMPANY, 56 MARKET STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 

For Sale by GRIFFITH & TURNER CO , BALTIMORE, Mo. 




Farmers' $125 Saw Mill. 

Cuts 2000 ft. lumber a day with only 4 h. p. 

Our large, handsome catalogue tells all 
about the famous DeLoacb. Variable Fric- 
tion Feed Saw Mills, i to 100 h p., $125 up. 
DeLoach Saw Mill Machinery. Planers, 
Shingle, Lain and Corn Mills, Water 
Wheels, etc. Write for catalogue and price 
f. o. b. your depot. DkLoach Mill Mfg. 
Co., Box 600, Atlanta, Oa. (Branch, 130 
Liberty St., New York.) 




<mm 



Japan Plums 

And all other desirable standard and new 
varieties of PLUMS, APPLE, PEACH, 
PEAR and ORNAMENTAL TREES, 
SHRUBS, ROSES, Etc. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR TENNESSEE 
PROLIFIC STRAWBERRY. 

The Most Reliable Variety Ever grown in 
the South. 

Three Hundred and nTtv acres under cultivation. Write urn 
ii you contemplate planting Catalogue free. 

AGENTS WANTED. WRITE FOR TERMS. 

W. T. MOOO ^ 

OLD DOMINION NURSERY. 



RICHMOND, VA. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



69 



Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS. 




HAND POWER CUTTER. 

These machines sell at sight. They have heavy fly 
wheels and make three cuts to each turn of ths crank. 
They will cut bay, straw or fodder, and will cut from 
y t to 2 inches. They are shipped K. D., securing the 
lowest possible freight rates. 

LITTLE GIANT CORN SHELLER. 

The frame is made of thoroughly dry hard wood- 
The Joints mortised, tenoned and bolted. The bear- 
ings are bolted on to the frame instead of screwed. 
The iron wors is made from thejvery best material. 



"SCIENTIFIC FEED MILLS, All Sizes." 



ever piece is carefully inspected before being put on. 
This machine is high-grade all the way through. It is 
handsomely painted, striped and varnished. 





The SCIENTIFIC Grinding Mills. 

Are unequalled for grinding ear Corn, • hncks on or off, 

Corn, Oats, wheat and all other grains, 

single or mixed. 



Steel Lever Harrows 









^*$b\] 


«semtS 


^R^&sfllll 


H 


^^> ,--«9 



# 






POWER MILLS In Five Sizes, 

2 to 30 borte power. 

" SCIENTIFIC SWEEP illLLS In Five Sizes." 

Geared— plain and combined, with horse power. 



Wood Saws for Long or Short Wood. 
Wood or Steel Frame. 



Buckeye Force 

Pumps. 

Porcelained 

Wood Pumps. 

Wood and Steel 

Wind Mills. 



ROSS 



Fodder Cutters, Fodder 
Shredders, Cutters for 
all purposes, Corn Shel- 
ters, Grindiug Mills, 
Horse Powers and 
Wood Saws. 



Bennett's Improved Stump 
Pullers. 

Three sizes and 10 styles. 
Write for catalogues and prices. 

Write for special catalogues aud price on 
any Implements wanted. 





ELI BALING PRESSES. 

58 styles and sizes. For horse or steam power. 
Write for prices and catalogues. 




Special prices given on Studebaker and 
Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts. 

Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker 
Carriages. Studebaker Carts, Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 



Wood Harrows— All 8ize8. DON'T FORGFT ' Allthe merchants 

Disc Harrows— All sizes. •»W11 I rUnUEl ■ in town who claim 

Spring Tooth Harrows-All sizes. \VZ? l J eT S OWi ™ d "T^ ° nl ^ 8eU ^ e 

J ,, ... . Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Goods. The only 

Acme UarrOWS— All Sizes. pjace in Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oll- 

HarroWS Of all Styles kept in Stock at lOW- ver Plows and Repairs is at 1-136 and 1438 East 



J?. SB, 



est net prices. 



Main Street, from 




HENING & NUGKOLS, ch s a u s c .T s h°u s n{°er, 1436-38 E. Main Street, RICHMOND. VA. 



70 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



[January 



CHRISTIAN SCIENCE. 

A colored man, who worked for a 
white man who believed in Faith Cure, 
Christian Science, or whatever it is called, 
was an hour or so late reporting to work 
one morning. His employer, upon in- 
quiry, was told that he was detained at 
home on account of the illness of his 
brother. The Christian Scientist ridi- 
culed the idea of the brother's illness, 
and said : 

"Henry, your brother is not sick. He 
just thinks he is sick If he will just 
use his mind, exercise his will-power, j 
decide that he is not going to be sick, and | 
will have faith in God, he will get right 
op, and you won't have to use any medi- 
cine" 

This was all new and strange doctrine 
to Henry, but he did not think it wise 
to get into any kind of argument with 
his boss, so he scratched his head and 
said nothing. 

The third day after this conversation, 
Henry remained away from work the en 
tire day. When he reported for work 
the next morning, his employer said : 

"Well, Henry, how is your brother to- 
day ? Does he still think he is 6ick ?'' 

The colored man replied : "No, sir ; we 
buried him yesterday. I reckon by this 
time he thinks he's dead."— Silas X. 
Floyd, in January Lifjpincott' s Magazine. 




LET THE HAWKEYE INCUBATOR 

Pay Your Child's Way Thro* College. 



A hatch of 60 to 200 chicks, according to size of 
machine, every three weeks will furnish ample 
means, and the whole process is simple and 
pleasant. To be sure that the Hawkeye is the 
very best Incubator, let us send you one on 

30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL. 

Get our Free Illustrated Catalogue, or send 
10c and receive in addition a year's subscrip- 
tion to a leading poultry paper. 

HAWKEYE INCUBATOR CO., Box 49. Newton, la. 




^ INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER. * 

Thousands of these incubators are in successful 
operation in the United States, Canada, South 
Africa,, New Zealand ,Sweeden, England, Holland, 
and Germany. These machines operate to perfec- 
tion and always bring off a large brood of strong, 
healthy chicks. Catalogue with full particulars 
free for the asking. The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. 5, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A. 





A PRUDENT SALMON. 

Kitty Collins is a Newfoundland fish- 
wife whose sharp toDgue and dealings 
have made her a celebrity the length of 
the East Shore. The man or woman is 
yet to be born who can beat her on any 
trade which savors of fish. 

She lives in one of the out-ports and 
brings her fish fr) St. John's to market. 

Early one spring she brought the first 
salmon of the season to the house of 
the Bishop to sell. It wa? a fine salmon 
weighing eight pounds, and the Bishop 
was so pleased that he gave her not only 
the high price she asked for it, but a lit- 
tle extra to show his appreciation of 
Kitty's enterprise. 

When the salmon was dressed it was 
found to be stuffed with about two 
pounds of gravel. The Bishop was angry 
that the fish-wife should dare tty her 
tricks on him, and demanded that he 
should be notified when she appeared 
again. 

Kitty was not long in making a return 
trip 

When Kitty stood before him, the 
Bishop, terrible in his righteous wrath, 
thundered : 

"What do you mean, woman, by sell- 
ing me a fish filled with rocks?" 

"Oh, but, sir, your Grace," replied 
Kitty, smiling and unruffled, "don't you 
remember that last gale, sir? He took 
on ballast, your Grace " — Caroline Lock- 
hart, in January LippinroU'.i Magazine. 



Highest Typewriting Possibilities 
Available Only to Users 

S M I f H°P REM I E R 
TYPE,WRITE,R. 

Known Everywhere. Employed by Governments and Great Corporations which command only the 
best facilities. Illustrated Catalogue and "Touch" Typewriting Instruction Book Free 

THE SMITH PREMIER TYPEWRITER COMPANY 

No. 519 Eleventh St., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. O. 




SEABOARD 

AIR LINE RAILWAY 

OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 

TO — . 



mm 



THE MANUFACTURER, 
THE STOCK RAISER, 
THE DAIRYMAN, 
THE FRUIT GROWER, 
THE TRUCKER. 
WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN. 

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where large 
profits can be realized interest you? 

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a region 
of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated literature 
descriptive of the section. 

J. B. WHITE, EDW. P. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN, 

TH0S. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va. j Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Ag., Portsmouth, Va. 



PIT GAMES. 

BLACK DEVILS and RED HORSES. 

I nave a choice lot of Cocks and Stags for Fale 

cheap, write for prices. Kggs, 82 per sitting. 

Guarantee satisfaction. 



1903 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



71 



Agricultural Implements and Machinery 




Cider Mills— with wooden crushing rollers. 




CYCLONE 

-Fsed and Ensilage Cutters. All Sizes. 




The Hocking Valley Cider and Wine Mills 

Have crushing rollers made of wood, which 
impart no teste or discoloration to the Juice. 

Buckeye Grain and Fertilizer Drill 

With hoes or disc. Drills grain of all kinds, 
corn, peas, grass seed and fertilizers. 

Our Five-Hoe Drill 

For seeding between rows of standing corn la 
a great success. 

Continental Disc Harrows, 

Changed to straight or slanting tooth without 
stopping team. 

Ensilage and Feed Cutters. 

Capacities from 600 to 16,000 pounds per hour. 

The Union Cutter. 

Crushes the stalk after it leaves the knives- 
far superior to shredding. 

The Combined Feed Mill and Horse Power 

Is indispensable to every farmer. Grinds 
corn, shelled or on cob, grain of all kinds, 
and is a first-class horse-power for any pur- 
pose. Three machines in one. 

The McCormick Corn Binder 

Works like a grain binder, cutting and tleing 
the corn and delivering in bundles. 

The McCormick Husker and Shredder. 

The most complete machine of its class made. 
The very low price brings it within the means 
of all. 

Corn Shelters 

For hand or power, separating corn from cob. 

Churns — Improved Buckeye 
Rocker. 

Unequalled for cheapness, with 
simplicity, strength, durability 
and perftctwork. 

Cane Mills and Evaporators. 

Turned rollers, steel shafts, brass 
boxes, enclosed gearing. Made of 
special iron of great strength. 



Portable Evaporators 

With furnace. Pans of galvanized 
steel or copper. 

Cucumber Wood Pumps 

With porcelain-lined cylinder, for 
vr ells up to 45 feet in depth. 



The Hancock Disc Plow, 

Improved for 1902. 
Will work in any land, and with lees draft 
than any other disc plow. 




Disc Drill. 




Feed Mill and Power. 




Portable Evaporator. 




Oane MUL 



Belt Power Press. 





Hand Power Press. 



Full Circle Horse-Power Press. 



THE WATT PLOW CO., F 



ranklin and 15th Streets. 

RICHMOND, VA. 



72 



THE SOUTHEBN PLANTER 



[January 



MARTHA'S SOLUTION. 

A Washington housekeeper rejoices in 
the possession of a washerwoman of the 
olden style, and gets much amusement 
from the old woman's conversation. Re- 
cently, while counting over the clothes, 
the hou*ekeeper observed Aunt Martha 
gazing at herself in the mirror. 

"What yo' think of this bonnet, Miss 
Molly? It's new." 

"It's very becoming," said the lady, 
more politely than truthfully, " but, 
Aunt Martha, I am afraid you are get- 
ting very extravagant. I am sure you 
are spending all you make in clothes." 

" I certainly do that thing." said Aunt 
Martha, seriously. " I certainly do. You 
see, I saved money once, and it was stole, 
and I said then, " I'll spend ez I go. ez I 
go,' Mus Molly, 'and th«n I gets the good 
of if" 

" But, Martha, surely you are putting 
by a little money, just to bury you?" 

"Not much, I ain't. I ain't got none 
of thet foolishness 'bout me. I'll enjoy 
myself while I live, and I guess after I'm 
dead I can stand it above ground jea' as 
long as any one kin stand havin' me." — 
Nina E. Allesder, in Lippincott's Maga 
sine for January. 

A LESSON TAUGHT AND LEARNED. 

Not unlike some other great men, Chief- 
Justice Marshall gave little attention to 
dress or to personal pulchritude, although 
hia face was unusually handsoxe A 
story is told of a young man who had 
recently remo<ed to Richmond. This 
new-comer saw in the market a rusty- 
looking old man making his way slowly 
through the entrance, and walking up to 
him abruptly, asked him if he woold not 
like to make a ninepence by carrying a 
tnrkey home for him. The old man qui- 
etly took the turkey and walked behind 
the newly-arrived citizen without a word 
until the latter had reached his own gate. 

"Catch !" said the young man, tossing 
a ninepence to his hireling. 

The old man caught the nineperce, and 
as he turned to walk away a gentleman 
parsing by bowed deferentially to him. 

"Who is that shabby old fellow?" 
asked the turkev buyer. 

"The Chief-Justice of the United 
States," was the reply. 

" Impossible," stammered the blunder- 
er. " Why did he bring the turkey — 
why » 

" To tearh you a lesson in good-breed- 
ing," interrupted the gentleman. " He 
will give the money away before he gets 
h m-\ but I have no doubt he is enjoying 
the j)ke you have so condescendingly 
given him." — Z. Cocke, in January Lip- 
pincolt's Magazine. 



BOWMONT FARMS. 
We invite attention to the advertise- 
ment of the B >wmont Farms, to be found 
eleewhere in this issue. The offering this 
month consists of Jerseys, large York- 
shire hogs and Indian game fowls. You 
will always get good stock and treatment 
from Col. Bowman, the proprietor. 



A NEiT BINDER for your back 
numbers can on had for 25 cents. Ad- 
dress the Business Office. 




CHARTER 

Gasoline 



Engines. 



ALSO ON WHEELS. 



The N. C. Department of Agriculture uses this engine in the 
portable style on their Test Farm. 

AS STEADY AND RELIABLE AS A 
GRANDFATHER'S CLOCK. 

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., 



Box 949. 



RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



COLD WEATHER IS HERE. 

HAVE YOU A 




The Greatest Comfort is to be Derived 
Therefrom ia Cold Weather. 



CELEBRATED 

LEHMAN 
HEATER? 



NO CARRIAOB OR SLEIGH IS 
COMPLBTB WITHOUT ONB. 



SALES ANNUALLY OVER 10,000. 175,000 IN USE. 

For BooKlet and other information address 



LEHMAN BROTHERS, Mf rs , 

10 BOND ST.. NEW YORK. 

Mention Southern Planter when writing. 



JAMES W. ERRINQER, 

Gen'l Western Sales Aft., 
397 Wabash Ave, - CHICAGO, ILL 



ASSE TS. $900. 000. 

Virginia Fire and Harine 

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va. 

Insures Again st Fire a nd Lightning. 

ALL DESCRIPTIONS OK PROPERTY IN COUNTRY AND TOWN, PRIVATE OR 
PUBLIC, INSURED AT FAIR RATES, ON ACCOMMODATING TERMS. 

AGENCIES IN E * EBY TOWN ANI> COUNTY. 

WM. H. PALMER, PRESIDENT. W. H. M'CARTHY, SECRETARY. 



\9jM^WM^f^z!z&J^MStt 



ONE. THE .LARGEST MAN LECTURERS'/OF 



'I IN THE UNITED 

yj - ..STATES; *. 



:rS:OF" ■.-.--■■--. : :>---/3fl£*.i 



1803] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



73 



I LEE'S PREPAREP AGR1CUTURAL L|ME 

FOr COTTON When used on land with a fair amount of vegetation or with COMPOST (which is better the 
crop-* are as good as from any Fertilizer. It prevents RUST and SHEDDING and keeps the plants green much 
longer in dry weather. 

PEANUTS With the same conditions as above, it is a COMPLETE FERTILIZER for this CROP. Our 
customers say it is equal to the BEST FERTILIZERS ON THE MARKET. 

DARK HEAVY TOBACCO Haul oat your farm pen scrapings, plow under and broadcast 500 to 600 
lbs. per acre (the earlier the better), and you will get a heavy crop of Tobacco and a fine crop of Wheat and 
Clover or other grass, and by proper rotation will have a rich lot for any crop. 

BRIGHT TOBACCO Our customers say that 200 lbs. per acre in the drill with other Fertilizer will prevent 
the 1'obacco from FIRING and giving it a GOOD BODY and increase its value $20 per acre For Wheat, Oats, 
Clover and other grass it is exceptionally good. 

h prevents RUST. SCAB and SMUT in WBEAT and and all say it is the best thing for clover they ever used. Fruit 
Growers will find a WONDERFUL IMPROVEMENT by it use on their Orchards and Vineyards. 

Our EXCELSIOR TOBACCO FERTILIZER 

Has been tested for six yean and has proved eoual to and in some rases superior to the high-grade ammoniated 
goods on the market We put in no useless filler and the farmer gets the 2000 lbs. to the ton of valuable fertilizer 
for the crops and THE LAND. Hence they sa5 their succeeding crops are much better than from oilier fertilizers 




Olir SPECIAL CORN FERTILIZER For land where there is not an abundance of vegetation is equal to any. 

"General agents for BLACK OEATII BUG KILLER for destroying Potato Bugs, Tobacco Worms, 
and all insects injurious to vegetation; and Sifters and Insecticide distributors for applying it. 



No. 1 WOOD-BURNT LIME 

In car lots st lowest market price from kilns- 
SB. LEE <3c SON,mchmond,va. 



MMM^M ^^Mb^^A^M>^M^^^VM>w^A| 



PLAIN SHELL LIME 

Constantly on hand at lowest prices. 

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS. A. 



Pediurrees traced and tabulated. Catalogues compiled and cir- 
culars prepared Special attention given registration 
matters pertaining to thoroughbred and trotting horses 



iy. 



W. J. 



C AFITJSR (Broad Rock), 

P. O. Box 929, RICHHONO, VA. 



Representing the 

Richmond Times, Richmond, Va. 
Bouthkbn Planter, Richmond, Va. 
Spirit of the Times, New York. 
Kehttoit Stock Farm, Lexington, Ky.. 
Brkbder and Sportsman, San Francisco, Cal. 

AINSLIE CARRIAGE CO., 

Nos. 8, 10 and 12 Tenth St., RSGHW0ND, VA. 

Building Carriages to order is our special business. 
Repairing and Repainting done, and best material used. 
A full line of all the latest styles. Orders for all 
classes of Vehicles solicited. 

1903. INTHESTUDAT LAUREL HI LL FARM. 1903. 
THE FINE HACKNEY STALLION 

+ HEIDRICK + 

Bay horse, foaled 1898 ; 16 hands high. This horse 
has great natural action, and is capable of getting 
the highest class harness horses. 

FEB, $10 00 the Season or $15 00 to Insure. 

Address C. F. ft J. BUTTON, Walker's Ford, Va. 



1903. IH THE STUD 1903. 

WEALTH, 29579. 

RACE RECORD, 2:17^, Pacing. 

Timed separately in 2:08 in a race at Indiana 
State Fair, 1902. 

Bay horse, foaled 1897 ; 16 hands high, weight, 1,200 
lbs. Sired by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19}, dam Mag- 
nolia, by Norfolk, 3670, Wealth is grand 
individually and in appearance. 

FEE, $20 the Season with riture privilege, or $25 to insure. 
Address $. F. CHAPMAN, Gordonsville, Va. 



GREAT STAKES, 25521. 

RACE RECORD, 2:20, Trotting. 



Bay horse, by Billy Thornhill, 2:24, dam Sweetstakes, 

by Sweep Stakes, 298. Great Stakes has sired 

Captain, 2:16*; Foxhall, 2:19!, and four 

others in the list. He is handsome, 

well-formed and sires speed 

uniformly. 

FEE, $25.00 for the Season of 190 r 

Address 

W.H.NELSON, - 1417 E.Franklin St, Riohmond, Va. 



u 



THE BOUTHBEN PL ANTES. 



[January 



THE NEED OF THE FARMER'S SON. 

Although the farm keeps the balance 
of trade in the nation's favor, furnishes 
two-thirds of our exports, contributes to 
our manufacturing supremacy by provid- 
ing cheap food for our mechanics, com- 
paratively little has been done toward 
educating the farmer for his work. To 
be sure, the United States has done more 
for him than any other country. In 1862, 
Congress endowed agricultural colleges 
to teach the sciences relating to agricul- 
ture. In 1867, experiment stations were 
provided for where research might be 
made into the operations of nature. 

But considering that Americans pay 
more money for public education than 
any other people on earth, a compara- 
tively small proportion of the sum is de- 
voted to stimulating and aiding that half 
of our population who cultivate the soil. 
The tendency of primary education has 
been to lead the country youth away 
from the farm instead of helping him in 
the study of those sciences relating to 
production. It would be politic and pa- 
triotic to incorporate into the farm youth's 
education some knowledge that shall bear 
more directly upon his future life and 
work. — James Wilson, Secretary of Agri- 
culture, in the Youth's Companion. 

A CA E N POINT. 

Attorney Jacobi had just successfully 
defended Sim Walton, who was charged 
with stealing a watch. When they were 
outside the court-room, the lawyer asked 
Sim for the fee, which was ten dollars. 
Sim turned to him and said : 

"Boss, I ain't got a cent." 

"Well, haven't you something you can 
give me as security until you can raise 
the money ?" asked Jacobi. 

Sim replied : "I ain't got nuthin' but 
dat ol' watch I stole. You is welcome to 
dat, ef you'll tek hit."— Silas Xavier 
Floyd, in January Lippincott's Magazine. 

St. Nicholas for January starts the New 
Year in the happiest way. Edwin L. 
Sabin, Louisa M. Alcott, Howard Pyle, 
Clara Morris, Malcolm Douglas, Harriet 
Prescott Spofford. Roy Benson Richard- 
son, Virginia Woodward Cloud, Zitella 
Cocke, John Bennett, Clittord Howard, 
Sarah M. B. Piatt-, Albert Bigelow Paine, 
and Carolyn Wells are onlv part of the 
long list of writers and artists who con- 
tribute to the current month's feast for 
young folks. Really, the girl or boy who 
does not have St. Nicholas to read is to 
be pitied. 

Notable among the stories in the Janu- 
ary St. Nicholas is John Bennett's " Bob- 
by's Newspaper," which has much of the 
charm that made the author's " Master 
Skylark" and " Barnaby Lee" immediate 
readers young and old 
John Bennett has never visited England' 



^Feeding 



f) 



Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
'3. 1 and Stockmen. 

v ered anywhere for - - 12.00 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.26 



Your money back 

if you are not satisfied 

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid In full, and the 
proud reputation of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an offer and not carry 
it out to the letter? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the public and our chances 
Of still greater success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi- 
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ? 

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes 
direct from our distillery to you, with all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED 
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saving 
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why 
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of a 
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it. 

Direct from our distillery to YOU 

Saves Dealers' Profits ! Prevents Adulteration ! 

R WHISKEY 

PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE 

4 FULL $*2J0 EXPRESS 
QUARTS «$ PREPAID 

We will send you FOUR PULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive 
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever 
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our 
expense and your $3.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could 
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense, if 
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We 
ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside. 




I 



Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex., Ore., Utah, Wash. 
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for S4.00 by Express 
Prepaid or «© Quarts for S16.00 by Freight Prepaid. 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY 

ATLANTA, GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST, LOUIS, MO. ST. PAUL, MINN. 

156 Distillery, Troy, O. Established 1866. 






D 




Manufacturers of 

THE CROWN 
CRESCENT 
AND WATT I ^ 
AND BEPAIRS FOR PLOWS IN GENERAL USE. 

Dealers in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY AND VEHICLES, 

NO 13 SOUTH FIFTEENTH STREET, RICHMOND VA 

BETWEEN MAIN AND CARY STS., r\l Wnlfl Wl^il/j ▼ #"1. 

TO THE PUBLIC: My connection with the corporation known as the Watt Plow Co. has 
been severed, and the manufacturing of the CROWN. CRESCENT and WATT Plows, and 
repairs for same, Is now conducted solely by THE CALL-WATT CO.. of which I am general 
manager. The new firm b»*ing owner of all patterns for these plows, the trade-names which 
are duly registered under the tiade-mark laws, and having purchased from The Watt Plow Co. 
their entire stock ol said plows and repairs, is prepared to furnish same promptly, and on 
l]hf*T*jil tprnis 

In addition to these special plows, we hope to supply the trade with the various plows 
and castings now In general use; also. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. MACHINERY, 
VEHICLES and HARNESS for all purposes. All articles are guaranteed to be strictly as 
represented. 

I take this occasion to tender my thanks to all my old f- lends whose patronage has been 
bestowed upon me during the thirty years in which I have been engaged in the manufacture 
and sale or Agricultural Implements in this city, and solicit a com in uance of their favors with 
the new firm. They and the public generally are assured that all business entrusted to me will 
receive careful and prompt attention. M -VNFRED CALL, 

Manager, The Call- Watt Co. 



1903 J 



THE SOUTHBBN PLAUTEB. 



76 



If You Want 



YOUR GOOSE TO LAY 
"THAT GOLDEN EGG" 



FEED HER PROPERLY. 

I mean buy your supplies right. You should lay aside a few Gold Pieces 
yourself, you might ask how it can be done— easy, dead easy — stop paying 
high, country prices. The mail comes to your home six times a week, I can 
get a letter from you every day. 

GET MY PRICES, I WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL YOU OR YOUR FRIENDS 

MY PRICES EVERY NIGHT. 

The railroads almost pass your house. Uncle Sam spends millions yearly 
to give you mail and railroad accomodations. You need not come to town, 
let Uncle Sam do your shopping. He can knock the spots out of you in 
buying— just try him. No matter how small your order I will be glad to have 
it and ship promptly. Here is what your groceries will cost you 

JUST ONE-HALF WHAT YOU ARE NOW PAYING, 



Arbuckle's Green Coffee 

Granulated Sugar 

BeBt Family Flour - 

Byrd Island — have no other. 

10,000 lbs. Nice Family Pork 

7 Boxes Axle Grease 

800 Bble. White Oil 

1,000 Bushels Seed Rye 

500 Tons Fine Timothy Hay, hun- 
dred 

300 Tons Choice Clover Hay, hun- 
dred 

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap 

Crystal Washing Soda, Light, 
Smooth, and Durable, makes 

Washing Easy 

Washing Powders, 8 for 

Fine Gun Powder Tea 

Ben Mocha and Java Coffee Roasted 
Large Fat Mackerel in Nice Buck- 
ets or Kits, about 15 lbs. 

New River Herrings, 750 fish in the 

barrel, Large and Fat .'. 

New Cut Herrings, barrel 

Finest Cream Cheese. 

Baker's Chocolate— 2 Cakes 

New Table Raisins— 6 Lbs 

Fine French Candy 

Pure Lard 



9i 
4* 
25 

9 
25 
12 
68 

75 

70 
25 



30 
25 
40 
18 

1 25 



610 Tons Pure City Made Shipstuff, 
hundred 



5 50 
5 50 
15 
25 
60 
8 
9* 

1 00 



Cotton-Seed Meal, Nothing Finer. 
510 Tons Cotton-Seed Hulls— an ex- 
cellent Winter Food, Cheap and 

Nutritious, per hundred 50 

This is as good as Coarse Meal for 
stock 
60,000 lbs. Rock Salt for Stock— try 
a bag, keep it in the Trough, im- 
proves Stock very much, $1.00 for 
100 lbs. 

Chalmer's Gelatine, 3 for 25 

Seedless Raisins in Packages 9 

Cleaned Currants, per lb 8 

New Citron for Fruit Cake 12 

Home Made Mince Meat 8 

100,000 lbs. New Mixed Nuts 11 

Virginia Hams, Choicest of Meat. I 
have a Nice Lot of Hams Made 

in Smithfield, Va 14 

Fine Sweet Cider, per gallon 20 

Home-Made Black Berry Brandy, 5 
years old and nice. 

Family Tonic, quart 20 

Northampton ADple Brandy, 6 years 
old — pure — Apple Juice — nothing 

finer made— gallon 2 00 

Clemmer's Fine Old Mountain Rye 
Whiskey, double distilled, sweet 

and wholesome, quart 40 

Juniper Gin, sure cure for bladder 
and kidney troubles ; relieves the 
cutting, stinging ache in your back, 
quart 45 



Gibson's Fine Old Rye Whiskey ; fit 
for a king, get a quart 75 

O'Grady's Pure Malt. Try a bottle 
of Malt for that hacking cough. It 
is a sure cure. It is good for dys- 
pepsia. Indigestion it cures at 
sight. Warms the inner man ; 
makes new rich blood, and stimu- 
lates the whole system. It has 
saved many and many a man and 
his family. 75 a quart. The price 
is insignificant compared to the 
benefit it will do you. 

Country Cured Bacon Sides 13$ 

100,000 bushels finest Oats 40 , 

60,000 bushels fine Corn 56 

Water-ground Corn Meal, made of 
the finest White Corn, and ground 
by one of the finest mills in Vir- 
ginia. Bushel 72 

I have everything that is required 
by a farmer from a 1,000 acre farm 
to a mouse trap. Write for my 
price list that will give you more 
information than a gossiping 
woman. 

Clover Seed, prime Crimson Clover 
Seed 2 90 

Choice Crimson New-Ciop Clover 
Seed _ 4 26 

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed) 78 

Prime Winter Seed Oats 60 



I have an immese stock of NEW YEARS' GOODS, CAKES, CANDIES. 
FRUITS of all kinds, and I will ship any quantity required. 

D. O'SULLI VAN, Eighteenth and Main Sts., Richmond, Va, 



76 



THE SOUTHEKN PLASTER 



[January 



but his quaintly delightful ''Master Sky- 
lark" is on tile in the reference library at 
Stratford on Avon, and devout Shakes- 
peare pilgrims use it as a guide book. 

The Review of Reviews begins a new 
volume with one of its characteristic 
numbers— a publication that could never 
by any possibility be mistaken for any 
other magazine in the world— 128 pages 
as full of real "news" as the morning pa- 
per and yet as solid and well considered 
as the best of the foreign quarterlies. 
Venezuela is very much at. the front at 
the opening of the New Year, and the 
Review not only gives space to a valuable 
editorial discussion of the British and 
German claims and the proposed modes 
of adjustment, but opens its pages to a 
full presentation of the case of the pow- 
ers against the little South American 
State, as set forth by Mr. A. Maurice 
Low, a well-informed Washington jour- 
nalist. The 'man of the month" in in- 
ternational affairs is our Minister to Ven- 
ezuela, Mr. Herbert W. Bowen. A char- 
acter sketch of this typical diplomat of 
the American school, written, it is un- 
derstood, by an intimate personal ac- 
quaintance, forms a noteworthy feature 
of the January Review. Among the 
subjects engaging the attention of Con- 
gress, hardly one can be named that is 
more important in its bearings on the 
public welfare than the question of pro- 
tecting the grazing lands of the West, 
from which comes the national meat 
supply. This is the theme of the author- 
itative and judicious article from the pen 
of Dr. E. Benjamin Andrews, who has 
made a special study of the Western cat- 
tle situation. Dr. Andrews' article is ac- 
companied by an exhaustive inquiry 
into the present advance in beef prices 
by Mr. Fred. C. Croxton, of the National 
Department, of Labor. Another of the 
problems before Congress— that of the 
currency— is clearly outlined in a paper 
by Charles A. Conant describing the ex- 
pedients recently resorted to by the 
Treasury to relieve the stringency in 
the money market. The rural free 
delivery service, the advantages of which 
were emphasized in President Roose- 
velt s message to Congress, is the subject 
of an illustrated article by Day Allen 
Wiliey. 



THE TOBACCO MARKET. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Our mat ket will open up on Tuesday 
the 6th, and we look for good prices. No 
doubt it will be a good time to sell, as our 
buyers will want stock to begin work on. 
Receipts will be light, and we are in- 
clined to think it will be advisable to sell 
what you have ready during the week, 
as receipts will be heavy again as soon 
aa we have a good season. 

We will be in a better fix than ever 
to handle vonr crop, having secured the 
services of Mr. A. 0. Davis, of Wilson, 
N. C, as auctioneer, who is the best auc- 
tioneer to be found in the trade. We 
want you to come and hear him and 
judge for yourself. We believe he can 
put more life in the sale and get you bet- 
ter prices for your tobacco. 

Silas Shklbubne & Son. 



A CHANCE FOR THE NEEDY. 

We wish to state to readers of this magazine and the 
public generally, that owing to the warm weather we have 
had this Fall, we were unable to dispose of our Stoves and 
Heaters which we bought in large quantities. 

In order to reduce our stock, we are offering all 

STOVES and HEATERS 

At greatly reduced prices. 

If you intend coming to the city before the holidays, it 
will pay you to see us before leaving, and if you cannot 
come, drop us a postal and we will be glad to quote you prices. 

Our stock of 

FURNITURE, MATTINGS, OIL CLOTH, 

PICTURES, SEWING MACHINES, 

and everything for HOUSEKEEPING is complete and prices 
LOWER THAN THE LOWEST. 

Bear in mind the name and number, 

M. ROSENBLOOM & SON, The Mail Order House, 

1536 E. Main Street, Adjoining New Main Street Depot, RICHMOND, VA. 



% I* 




owareYoufEyes? 



We are the largest optical establishment Sonth, and give proper adjustment 
of SPECTACLES and EYE GLASSES Complete manufacturing plant on the 
premises. Mail us the pieces and we will from them duplicate your Glasses. 
Glasses by mail our specialty. 



I 
I 

* 

I 
I 



Our PHOTO DEPARTMENT 



is also complete with CAMERAS, KO- j$ 
DAKS and PHOTO SUPPLIES. De- E 
veloping and printing finely executed. P 



g Our line of QRAPHOPHONES, with latest records. OFERA GLASSES, W 
J FIELD GLASSES, Incubator aDd Dairy THEREflOriETERS, etc., etc., is £ 

f| also complete Lowest charges in all cases. p 

M fc 

W 
I 



THE S. GALESK1 OPTICA' CO., 9th and Main Sts., Richmond, Va. 



I DO YOUJR TRADING.. | 

tti Where an established reputation warrants continued confidence. The name of # 

A LUMSOEN on anything in the JEWELRY or SILVERWARE line is a standard of A 

A quality. m 

t FINE COLD AND DIAMOND JEWELRY, $ 

I STERLINC SILVERWARE AND CUT CLASS. $ 

A SIX SOLID STERLINC SILVER TEA SPOONS, $3.40. Write for our catalogue, it $ 

A contains many articles on which we can save you money. m 

| C. LUMSDEN & SON, Established 1835, 731 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. | 



1903. J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



77 







fe^T *-***' 












-j-.ffe. Lifv, 






C3nr 



at 



IVANHOE POULTRY YARDS — ™ 

Breeders of 



fe^F 



Exhibition Barred 
Plymouth Rocks 



ENGLISH CARRIERS AND HOMING PIGEONS. 

For information, address 

Ivanhoe Poultry Yards, Box 258, Richmond, Va. 




\Ki 














6 < S <@< 3 



&&&& 






THE RICHMOND PLUMBING 
AND MANTEL CO., 

26 N. Ninth Street, RICHMOND, VA., 

Has just received 
an entirely new 
Stock and com- 
plete line of 

STOVES, RANGES, FURNACES, 

MANTELS, GAS and ELECTRIC 

FIXTURES, FILTERS, TILING and 

FIRE-PLACE TRIMMINGS. 

We are contractors for 

PLUMBING, TINNING, SHEET-METAL 
K aid ELECTRIC WIRING. 

Correspondence Solicited. 
CALL AND INSPECT OUR SHOW-ROOMS. 



71 



THE SOUTHBEN PLANTER. 



[January 




The following list of papers and periodicals 
are the most popular ones In this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever 
Journal yon wish. 



600 



1 25 
1 26 



DAILIES. PRlOE WITH 

ALONE. PLANTER. 

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va $ 3 00 S 3 00 

The Times, " " 3 00 3 00 

The Post, Washington, D. 6 00 

SEMI-WEEKIdES. 

The Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 

The World (thrice-a-week), N. Y 1 00 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 

" Bazaar 1 00 

Montgomery Advertiser 1 00 

Nashville American 60 

The Baltimore Sun 1 00 

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 

Country Gentleman. 1 60 

The Times, Richmond, Va 50 

Religions Herald, Richmond, Va.... 2 00 
Central Presbyterian, " " ... 2 00 

Christian Advocate, " " ... 1 60 

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 

Spirit of the Times 4 00 

Horseman 3 00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 

Dairy and Creamery 50 

Commercial Poultry 50 

All three 1 50 

MONTHLIES. 

North American Review 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 



Bt. Nicholas 

Lippincott's 

Harper's 

Forum 

Scribner's 

Frank Leslies 

Cosmopolitan 

Everybody's 

Munsey 

Strand 

McClure's 

Puritan 



300 
250 
400 
3 00 
300 
100 
1 00 
1 00 
1 00 
125 
100 
1 00 



Review of Reviews 2 50 

Leisure Hours 1 00 

Blooded Stock 50 



400 

] 40 

100 

75 

1 38 
176 
135 
176 

80 

2 26 
250 
I 75 
400 
400 
8 00 

75 

76 

75 

1 16 

600 
426 
326 
250 
400 
325 
326 
136 
136 

1 35 
136 
165 
135 
135 

2 75 
1 25 

60 



Where you desire to subscribe to two or more 
of the publications named, you can arrive at 
the net subscription price by deducting 50 
cents from "our price with the Planter." If 
you desire to subscribe to any other publlca 
tions not listed here, write us and we will 
cheerfully quote clubbing or net subscription 
rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the Planter or any of 
the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa- 
tion desired ; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish no sample copies of other peri- 
odicals. 



Seed House of the South. 



BED 

CLOVER. 

MAMMOTH 

CLOVES. 

CBIMftON 

CLOVER. 

WHITE 

CLOVER. 

LUdERNE 

CLOVER. 

ALSTKE 

CLOVER. 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER. 

JAPAN 

CLOVER. 



BUB 



CLOVER. 




TIMOTHT. 

ORCHARD 

GRASS. 

BEB TOP or 

HERDS ORAS8. 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE ORASS. 

BAND ALL 

GBASB. 

TALL MEADOW 
OAT GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS. 

GERMAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT. 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



"Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS «f 

every variety at Lowest Market rates, included in whicta 

are RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TORACCO SEEDS. 



,WB ALSO SELL 



Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat. Potatoes, &c. 

Pure Raw-Rone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 

Fertilizing: Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, 



IOI6 Main Street 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 




We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 

ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. 



Apples, 

Pears, 

Peach, 

Plum, 

Apricots, 



Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and 

Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees, 

Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens, 

Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc. 



CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 



..AGENTS WANTED.. 

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co., Baltimore, Md. 

a ccccc c cc ceo ccccc cccccccccc tco ccccc ec cc c cc cc cccc ccccc a 



1903. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



79 




WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE 

m . . . . , . 55 INCH. 

WHEN AN 

ATTRACTIVE WOVEN 
WIRE FENCE 

CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN 
LESS COST? 

THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING Is made in many heights and styles for 
turning the smallest to the largest animal. Write for special catalogue and prices. 

PEA HULLER S . — It will pay to inspect the " STAR." 
Will hull and clean from 10 to 15 bushels of peas every hour. 

D I 5C H A R ROWS. — Send for special catalogue of 
the " THOMAS," lightest draft and strongest harrow made. 

OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE 
CUTTER. 

For hand or power. The strongest, simplest and best made. 
Write for prices, catalogues and testimonials. 

THE IDEAL FEED MILL AND 
POWER COMBINED 




Has no equal for grinding shelled grain, corn and cob into excellent feed. The 1 
orse-Power is very useful for running other machinery as well. A full line of I 




Horse-Power is very useful lor running 
mills for horse and steam power. 

THE No. 19 IDEAL MILL 

For one horse. A very useful size for small farms. Price, $15.00. 

PLO^VS. — Try an "Imperial" and you will not want any other. It is admitted by all who have used 
it to be the best in the world. 

"VCRIMPED STEEL ROOFING 

Made in lengths of from 5 to 10 feet. The most economical roof for 
barns and all out houses. 

/ FANNING IVllLLS. — We can strongly recommend the 
" LYONS " for cleaning any kind of grain or grass seed. Does its work clean, 
and praised by every one who has used it. 

If you are needing a wagon, try a " BIRDSELL " with steel skeins, and be convinced there is none better made. 
All irons used are either wrought or steel. The price too is very reasonable. 

The finest and largest stock of BCGGIES, CARRIAGES, HARNESS and SADDLES in the South. 

Write for special catalogue. 

EVERYTHING THE FARM NEEDS WE CAN SUPPLY, AND THAT AT A CLOSE PRICE. 

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 




80 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEB. 



[January 



JOHN KERR BRANCH, Vice-President. 



JOHN P. GLENN. Cashier. 



JOHN P. BRANCH. President. 

f John P Branch, Fred. W. Scott, C. S. Strlngfellow, A. S, Bnford. John Kerr Branch, J. P. George Thos. B. Scott, 

DIRECTORS. | B w Branch, B. B. Munford, Jan. H. Dooley, Alex. Hamilton, R. C. Morton, S. T. Morgan, A. PUzinl, Jr 



CAPITAL STOCK, $200,000 00 



NO. 1754. 



Surplus and Profits, $600,000.00 



MERCHANTS HATIOff AL BANK, Ri :hmond ¥a. 

UNITED STATES, STATE, CITY DEPOSITORY. 
Comparative Statements for the Following Years. 



ASSETS. 



CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON. 



Time and Demand Loans 

Real Estate. Furniture etc 

bi Redemption Fund 

United States Bonds 

Premium on U. S. Bonds 

Miscellaneous Htocks and Bonds.. 
Cash and Due from Banks 



Total . 



June 80, 1877. 



8310,427 34 

1.886 50 

2,250 (0 

50,0'<0 00 

5,000 00 

25.455 30 

94,342 11 



8489,361 25 



June 30, 1882. 



$664,880 05 

1,825 42 

11800 00 

200,000 00 



23 501 49 
152,616 15 



$1,054,623 11 



June 30, 1887. 



$464,666 32 
60,000 00 
9,000 00 
700.009 00 
80.000 00 
5fi 208 00 
189,724 83 



$1,559,599 15 



June 30, 1892. 



II, 



161.336 11 

69.138 77 

9,000 00 

421000 00 
34,000 00 
69.636 21 

485,656 32 



$2,249,767 41 



June 30, 1897. 



$1,125,610 04 
83 236 07 
9(»-0 00 
400 112 00 
3S.553 55 
174 076 44 
785.187 42 



$2,610,775 52 



June 30, 1902. 



$1, 



284 060 45 
74.088 34 
10,000 00 

961,260 00 
22.763 48 

686,430 48 

,023,506 10 



$4,062,108 85 



LIABILITIES. 



CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON . 



Capital Stock ............. 

Surplus and undivided Profits., 

Circulation 

Deposits 

Re-discounts 



Total.. 



June 30. 1877. 



$200,000 00 

15,149 40 

45 000 00 

226,711 85 

2,500 00 



$489,361 25 



June 30, 1882. 



$200,000 00 
5«,551 Si 
180.000 00 
618,071 79 



$1,054,623 11 



June 30, 1887. 



$200,000 00 
105,676 85 
180.000 00 

1,073,922 30 



$1,559,599 15 



June 30, 1892 



$200 000 00 
186,758 68 
177,900 00 

1,685,108 73 



$2,249,767 41 



June 30, 1897. 



$200 000 00 
277 132 87 
176 400 00 

1,957,242 65 



$2,610,775 52 



June 30, 1902. 



$200 000 00 

588 017 55 

200.000 00 

3,074,091 30 



$4,062,108 85 



Business Paper discounted for Customers on Favorable Terms. 

» itir maiin of collection* in Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Teanesee. and North Carolina. Daily and direct communicatiom 
specially ™»"° " rp „ fourtns f the banking points in Virginia. Being the largest depository for banks between Baltimore and New 
with over three-iourins "^^^ thl f b H ank offers superior facilities for direct and quick collections. 

INTEREST PAID ON DSPOSITS BY AaXESMBNT. 

WE WOULD LIKE TO HAVE YOUR BUSINESS. 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT : 

Editorial— 1903 l 

" Work for the Month 3 

Random Notea •'• 4 

Fertilizers do Not Replace Tillage 5 

Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, page 41) 6 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD : 

Editorial— Work for the Month ■ 8 

Garden and Orchard Notes 8 

Virginia State Horticultural Society 10 

Pecans in Virginia n 

NutrGrowing in Virginia U 

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY : 

The Dairy Breeds of Cattle 12 

The Dual-Purpose Breeds of Cattle, 17 

Special Beef Breeds for Southern Farmers* 22 

Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle 27 

Breeds of Sheep for the South 28 



Devon Cattle 32 

The Brood Sow 33 



THE P0DLTRY YARD: 

Feeding Experiments- 



35 



THE HORSE: 

Hackneyi Still in Demand 36 

Notes - — 36 

Seeding Grass 37 

MISCELLANEOUS : 

Editorial — Fence Laws in Virginia 38 

Irrigation 38 

Irrigation Problems in Virginia 39 

Irrigation 40 

Editorial — Our Illustrations 40 

The International Stock Show, Chicago, 1903 - 40 

Publisher's Notes 41 

Advertisements 41 



I 



A TIDAL WAVE HAS SET IN FOR THE 

WALTER A.WOOD MACHINES f 



)\ 
|\ 

I 

I 
I 

ft 

1 
| 



//V 7903. 




Let the farmer try any machine he 
may and he will inevitably come back 
to the OLD RELIABLE with its 
up-to date improvements. 
Competition tried it single handed 
and now they combine, but true 
merit cannot be overcome. 

THE WALTER A. WOOD 

MOWERS, BINDERS, HAY 

RAKES, TEDDERS and 

CORN HARVESTERS and 

■■-*» BINDERS 

Are world-famous for excellency 

of construction, superior work, 

and lasting quality of parts 

Every piece of every machine made as 

good as the best ; Excelled by none. 



HAND DUMP and SELF DUMP, ALL STEEL HAY RAKES. 

THE GREATEST HAY TEDDER MADE. 

CORN HARVESTER and BINDER OF THE LATEST IMPROVED TYPE. 



The Walter A. Wood 

Wheat Harvester 
and Binder 

Is Simply Without a Peer. 



This machine is built to stand 
hard wor kand rough ground It is 
coDstucted to save all the grain in 
thin and short straw. 

It is made to stand for years and 
not for a single season 



The largest dealers all over the 
country are taking the agency for 
these machines for 1903. This tells 
the story. They have seen the 
tidal wave 




WALTER A. WOOD MOWING and REAPING MACHINE CO., southern office, Richmond, Ya 

Send for Catalogues, describing every machine in detail. 






The 



NORTHWESTERN 



MUTUAL LIFE 
INSURANCE CO. 



ORGANIZED 1857. 



PURELY MUTUAL. 



ThiB Company has paid over ONE MILLION DOLLARS in Virginia, in death losses alone, without contest or 
compromise of a single policy. 

Ask any policy-holder of the NORTHWESTERN how he likes the Company. We have policy-holders in every 
county in the State, whose names and other information on the subject will be furnished to any one contemplating 
life insurance, or desiring to represent 

THE BEST COMPANY FOR THE POLICY-HOLDER. 



T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent, 1201 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



STRONG, HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

AreTthe inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. Ifr, •"■"-- wish fat and smooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give A o j .. 

DIXIE CONDi^POWDERS. 

For RHEUMATISM, SPEAINS, STKAINS and all PAINS use 
DIXIE NERVE AND BONE UNIMENT-Best on earth for Man or 
Beast. Large Bottle 25 cts. ; everywhere. 

— — ■ OWENS & MINOR DRUG CO., Richmond, Va. 



VIRGINIA=CAROLINA CHEHICAL CO. 

Southern flanufacturers 



•OF- 



** FERTILIZERS .* 



FOR. 



Southern Farmers. 



THE FACTS: 

Largest producers of material ! 
Largest makers of Fertilizers ! 

f:HE RESULTS: 

Better Fertilizers ! Lowering prices ! 
Increasing sales ! 



Sales Offices: RICHMOND, VA., NORFOLK, VA., DURHAM, N. C. 
AGENTS, - - - - EVERYWHERE. 



Tht STATE BANK OF VIRGINIA 



JOHN 8. ELLETT, Preeid't. WM. M. HILL, Cash 
Capital, $600,000. Surplus, $240,000. 

BIG fcTMOIETID- - VIBQ-1 'TIJ.