BsUbllshed 1840. THE Sixty-Fourth Year. Southern Planter A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. ^ ■ ^ — THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, *" J. P. JACKSON. Editor and QeHerai ManatMr. Proprietor*. Vol. 64. APRIL, 1903. No. 4. CONTENTS. FARM MANAGEMENT; Editorial— Work for the Month 233 " Preparing for and Fertilizing the To- bacco Crop 236 Com Culture 238 Shall it be Cow Peas or Soy Beans? 239 Random Notes on March Number..... 240 Nitrate of Soda on Tobacco Plant Beds 241 Grass Seeding — Corn Growing — Hay Grbwing 242 That Little Farm Well Tilled 242 Potash 243 Sowing Crimson Clover Seed 244 Fertility Without Humus 244 Improving Mountain Land Pastures 245 Coal Ashes 245 Killing Stumps — Lice on Hogs 245 Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, Page 265, 246 TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: Editorial -Work for the Month 250 " Tomato Growing 250 Notes on Varieties of Apples at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va 251 Orchard and Garden Notes 252 Spraying Peaches ^ 253 Corrosive Sublimate for Scab on Irish Potatoes 253 Experiments with Insecticides on Irish Potatoes — Bug Death, Paris Green and Arsenate of Lead Compared 254 Lime— Sulphur — Salt Wash for San Jose Scale 254 Pawpaw and Persimmon 254 LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY : A Farmer's Observation on Feeding 256 Buy the Best Breeds 256 Grazing and Feeding Experiments with Pigs 267 Angora Goats «. 257 Boar Incapable of Service 258 New Meat Foods for Stock 258 The Chester White Hog 259 Early Lambs 259 The Brood Sow 259 THE PODLTRY YARD : The Brown Leghorns 260 Pullets for Layers 260 What a Small Flock is Doing 261 Incubators Necessary 261 THE HORSE : A Liberal Oflfer 262 Notes 262 MISCELLANEOOS : Editorial — Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Agricul- tural and Mechanical College, Blacksburg, Va... 263 The Wasting of the Lands „ 263 Property Gone in Smoke 264 A Bit of Experience in Farming in Virginia 264 Confederate Bazaar, April 15, 1903, Richmond,Va.. 264 Pcblisheb's Noths , 265 Advbbtiseuents. 266 SUBSCRIPTION, 50c. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE.- r Ahead of them all and room to spare. "THE STAR" The finest Corn Planter made. ' With or without fertilizer hopper, with runner or hoe opener. See every grain as it falls to the ground. ASHTON STARKE, RICHMOND, VA. Our all steel frame, Lever, Spike-Tooth Hdbbow. Has the full strength 6f the bars through the frame; Teeth set in any position desired, any tooth will work in it. Don't have to buy spec- ial teeth for it. pqRjjw TOBA ceo CROP ■USE- "STAR BRAND" GUANO, IT'S THE BEST. ALLISON & ADDISON, "'c'-^^.'H'^Z^c .. . Richmond, Va., MANUFA CTURERS. The Southern Planter. DEVOTED TO PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. Agriculture Is the nursing mother of the Arts.— XENOPHON. Tillage and pasturage are the t^^o breasts of the State."SULLY. 64th Year. Richmond, April, 1903. No 4. Farm Management. WORK FOR THE nONTH. The month of March has given us a most welcome change in the weather conditions over the Southern States. Up to the 2d of February, whilst we had only very little severely cold weather, we had almost con- tinuous rains, and February itself was, with the excep- tion of the years 1897 and 1899, the wettest February we have had since the records were kept, giving a record of 4.97 inches for this State. The month of March up to this writing (20th) has been spring-like and genial — indeed, in many sections, has been warmer than could have been wished, and unless we are to have a continuance of such weather, is likely to cause pre- mature blooming of fruit trees, with consequent great risk of loss of crops. The warmth of the weather, with the abundance of moisture in the soil, has caused vege- tation to make a rapid advance, and wheat, oats, grass and clover are, generally, looking and promising well. We have heard little complaint of winter killing of the wheat and oat plant, but some complaint of damage by fly in some sections. The continuous rain of Febru- ary caused some delay in the sowing of tobacco plant beds, but with the warmth of this month this seed, when sown, will germinate quickly, and probably no harm has been done to the prospects of the crop. We may, we think, with confidence assert that we enter upon the crop season with good prospects. The only drawback would seem to be that plowing of the land has been delayed with those, and unfortunately there are many, who did not avail themselves of the fall and early winter months. Whilst very many more now use these months as they ought to be used in getting forward the preparation of the land for spring crops, there is yet much room for improvement. The sowing of the spring oat crop has also been delayed, and we fear much that many crops will be put in too late to make a profitable yield if hot weather should set in as early as is often the case. We believe that much bet- ter can be done with the land than seeding to oats at this late period of the spring. In the South spring oats are mainly grown as a forage crop. To put the crop in after February, or at the latest, the first half of March, is to run a great risk of a crop hardly worth the cutting for hay. Far better would it be to leave the land unseeded in most cases until after the com crop is planted, and then sow to one of the numerous summer forage crops of which we can grow so great a variety, and which make a yield so much greater per acre of the best and most nutritious feed for stock. Where a farmer can grow, but say at best, two tons to the acre of oat hay, he can readily grow twice or three times that weight of peas and sorghum, sorghum alone, or of German millet or Pencillaria (Cattail mil- let), or of Soy beans, or even of com, and can cut some of these crops and harvest them in time to follow with another crop of the same kind. Indeed, we know of 234 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April men who make three crops of peas and sorghum hay or two crops of millet in the season. Teocinte, also in the Southern portion of this State, and in all the States South of this will make two or more crops of the finest feed either for green feed or for fodder from one seeding. We would urge this matter on the atten- tion of our readers. We hear excellent reports of the Crimson clover crops from almost every section. The mildness of the winter has favored the growth, and there will be a heavy yield per acre. We would urge our readers not to let the crop stand too long before cutting for hay. It is a perfectly safe crop to feed to stock of all kinds when made into hay if cut Just when coming into bloom, but if allowed to stand until the seed forms it is not safe to feed to horses (we have never heard of any trouble caused to cows). The hulls of the seed mat together in the stomach and form hard balls which cannot be passed through the bowels. We have had several such balls sent in, taken from horses, and which had caused their death, as large as an orange. The preparation of the land for the corn crop and the planting of it will be the chief work calling for the attention of farmers during this month. A careful con- sideration of the subject in the light of the numerous experiments made in different States compels us to the conclusion that the successful and profitable produc- tion of corn depends more upon the perfect prepara- tion of the land for the crop before planting, and the subsequent cultivation of the crop, than upon the quan- tity and quality of the fertilizer used on the crop. Whilst the average production of com in Virginia is about 20 bushels to the acre; in North Carolina about 13 bushels, and South Carolina about 10 bushels, yet Virginia upland has made, in one experiment, nearly 100 bushels to the acre, and Virginia lowland nearly 200 bushels to the acre. South Carolina has made the largest crop to the acre of any State in the Union — nearly 250 bushels to the acre. In all these cases of great yield the preparation of the land before planting was such as to put the soil into nearly a perfect condi- . tion as a seed bed, not merely just on the surface, but to a depth of 12 to 15 inches. Com is a crop with an enormous capacity for root development, and it is upon this development that the power of the plant to produce a great yield largely depends. If the soil is deeply and finely broken the roots will fill the whole soil for an area of 6 feet aroimd each plant and to the depth of the finely broken soil. With such an enormous feed- ing area and the known capacity of the crop to utilize even tough and largely unavailable plant food for other crops, and the fact that it exercises this capacity during the hottest months of the year when nitrification is most active in the soil, there can be no reason why we in Virginia, North and South Carolina should rest content with such miserably poor yields of this crop as are common. With a yield of 20 bushels to the acre how can there be profit in the production of corn even at 50 cents per bushel? The average cost of the produc- tion of the crop was ascertained for the United States several years ago by the Department of Agriculture, and was fixed at $11.81 per acre for the South. This cost included an item of $3.00 per acre rent for the land. At this figure, with 20 bushels to the acre, the cost of the corn is 59 cents per bushel, showing even at a sale price of 50 cents a loss of 9 cents per bushel on the cost of production. The Maryland Bureau of Sta- tistics has recently investigated this question of the cost of corn production in that State, and fixes the cost, under ordinary conditions of cultivation, at $10.10 per acre, or 50 cents per bushel with 20 bushels to the acre. We want to see this year an effort generally made to alter this condition of affairs, and make the produc- tion of the corn crop a profitable one. It is a most important one to this State, as the total crop of last year was over 41,000,000 bushels. As we have above stated, the first step in this work should be a better preparation of the land. Where the land was deeply broken in the fall and early winter months this better preparation can be brought about by the use of the bor- row, roller and cultivator in most cases, but if the soil is at all packed hard in the bottom do not hesitate to replow after well breaking the surface with the harrow and cultivator. It will pay well to adopt this course. There should be at least a foot deep of finely broken soil before seed is planted. Where the land is still to plow it is too late now to tum up the subsoil on to the surface. Plow an inch or two deeper than last year, and then break the subsoil with a subsoil plow or coulter, but do not bring it to the surface. Then harrow, reharrow, roll and cultivate until the whole of the field is a bed of finely broken soil. As the sub- sequent cultivation of the crop during growth has a large bearing upon the yield, do not break or plant an acre more than you will be able to care for as it ought to be done during growth. Better to plant a short crop and care for it well than pitch a large one and have subsequently to neglect it. Land not planted can sub- sequently be put into a forage crop of some kind and a good return be obtained from it in the way of feed for stock. Do not plow the land until it is dry enough to leave the plow in a crumbly condition; wet clods turned up now are very apt to remain clods until next 1903. J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 235 year with all the plant food in them securely locked away from the use of the crop. Land plowed wet is land ruined for at least one year, and often for very many years. Whilst, as we have stated, we believe that much more depends upon the perfect preparation of the land than upon the fertilizer used, yet we are compelled to say something as to fertilizing the crop, as we have so many enquiries upon the subject. A careful examina- tion of the result of the experiments made in the differ- ent States upon this question show that with but very few exceptions, there is no fertilizer which can be used with profit on the corn crop except farm yard manure. We do not want to be understood as asserting that fer- tilizer is of no use to the crop, but that its use is rarely profitable. It can be so used as to materially increase the yield, but with a crop having a comparatively low market value like com the increase of yield required to be made to be profitable over the cost of the fertilizer is so large as to be rarely reached. A crop of 30 bushels to the acre removes from the soil 40 lbs. of nitrogen, 41 lbs. of potash and 13 lbs. of phosphoric acid. This would point to the necessity for using a fertilizer rich in potash and nitrogen, yet many of the best crops have been grown with the use of a fertilizer in which a low percentage of both these ingredients have been applied. The explanation of this so far as the nitrogen is con- cerned may probably be found in the fact that corn makes its growth at a period of the year when nitri- fication is most active in the soil, and with its great root growth the plant is able to seize upon this nitro- gen over so large a surface as to meet all its require- ments. Whilst as to the potash, the natural supply of this in the soil of most of the land east of the Blue Ridge is sufficiently large to meet requirements of a plant able like corn to utilize plant food in a somewhat tough and unavailable condition as compared with the ability of most plants to utilize such food. In experi- ments made at the Virginia Experiment Station, the needs of the crop, as shown by what plant food an average crop removed from the soil, were sought to be met by the application of 80 lbs. of muriate of potash, 80 lbs. of dissolved bone black and 254 lbs. of nitrate of soda. With this application the yield of the plots over those upon which no fertilizer was applied were as follows: Where only the potash was applied the in- crease was 3 bushels to the acre, where only the phos- phoric acid was applied the increased yield was 5 bushels to the acre, and where only the nitrogen was applied the increased yield was 2 bushels to the acre. The best yield made in the experiments was where 120 lbs. of potash, 120 lbs. of bone black and 381 lbs. of nitrate of soda were applied. This increased the crop 6 bushels over that on the unfertilized plot, but the cost was greater than was justified by the increase, as where only half this amount of fertilizer was used the yield was only 1 bushel less. The conclusion to be drawn from the experiments is that the most import- ant factor in a corn fertilizer is the phosphoric acid, which can just as well and as cheaply be supplied by acid phosphate as bone black, and that with this should be used a small proportion of nitrogen and probably with advantage in some sections such as the sandy lands of the coast plain a small amount of potash. Where land is very deficient in vegetable matter cotton seed meal has been found to be a useful help in the making of the crop, and we would certainly advise its use in the cotton sections. It supplies nitrogen and a small per- centage of phosphoric acid, and being only slowly avail- able, helps the crop all through the growing season. Whenever farm yard manure is available do not fail to use it. Its results are certain, and nowhere on the farm can it be better used than on this crop. Wherever fertilizer is used in excess of 250 lbs. to the acre apply it broadcast and work it well into the land. If only 250 lbs. or less be applied put it in the row and mix it well with the soil before planting. The best fertiliza- tion for the corn crop is to let it always follow a clover and grass sod upon which the farm yard manure has been gotten out during the winter. If a heavy yield is to be looked for there must be a heavy growth of stalks to carry the ears. It is no use expecting a great crop with rows 4 feet apart and the stalks 3 feet apart in the rows. There are not sufficient stalks on the land to make a great yield. The rows should not be more than 3 feet apart, and the plants should be 2 feet apart in the rows. If the land will not make a good yield planted at this distance it is not in good enough fertility to be utilized profitably for a corn crop, and ought to be improved by growing peas and having manure applied to it. In planting the crop use a planter that will throw out a furrow and drop the seed in the bottom of the furrow, and then cover it, say, 2 or 3 inches. This allows the crop to be cultivated more closely to the plants without injuring them in the early stage of growth, and later permits of the soil being worked to them, and thus gives them a better hold on the land to withstand the wind. If cut worms are likely to be troublesome poison them before planting the corn. It is no use doing so after the com is up, as they will prefer the corn to the poison. Mix Paris green with bran moistened so that it will stick together in balls and drop these over the field or dip bunches of green clover in Paris green. I mixed in water and drop these in the field. 230 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April Push on the planting of the cotton crop as fast as the condition of the land will allow. In our last issue we gave advice as to the planting and fertilization of this crop, and to that we refer our readers. In this issue will be found an article on the prepara- tion for the tobacco crop. PREPARINQ FOR AND FERTILIZINQ THE TOBACCO CROP. The tobacco crop is one of so much importance to the South Atlantic Coast States that we are not surprised to receive numerous requests to discuss the question of preparing the land for it and the fertilizer neces- sary to be used to produce it profitably. In 1892 Vir- ginia produced 136,789,250 lbs. of tobacco on 182,269 acres; North Carolina produced 142,520,950 lbs. on 219,263 acres, and South Carolina 25,629,948 lbs. on 34,912 acres,_and Maryland 31,300,625 lbs. on 34,081 acres. The indications now are that, notwithstanding the action of the so-called "trusts," the area in tobacco will this year be still larger than the last. This would seem unmistakably to point to the fact that tobacco pro- duction is still a profitable business, and we believe this to be true, notwithstanding the complaints as to limitation of buyers. The truth is, that the demand for the weed grows apace, and, though there are fewer buyers, those on the market have much greater demands to supply than ever in the past, and by their enormous command of capital they have extended their busi- nesses so as to command world-wide trade instead of, as formerly, merely local consumption, and they can therefore afEord to give good prices for good tobacco. Poor they do not want. For good tobacco there is, and seems likely to be, an almost unlimited demand, and these coast States being in a latitude and an isothermal belt, where conditions are most favorable for its production, the growth of it here is likely each year to become larger. Under these circumstances it is wisdom on the part of our tobacco planters to give greater consideration to the problems involved in its culture and curing. Tobacco is a crop that requires for its successful culture more care in the preparation of the land and the fertilizing of it than in the past has been given to it. It is a plant that is more in- fluenced in its growth by soil conditions than almost any other crop. Whilst almost every kind of land in these coast States will grow tobacco, yet each different kind of land and the condition of that land as to fer- crop on each different kind of land. The influence of the soil and the character of the plant food in it and its degree of availability so affects the "cure" of the crop as to make some of it most desirable upon the market, whilst other lots will go begging for a buyer at the price of trash. One of the most essential requi- sites for a successful tobacco crop is the most perfect physical and mechanical condition of the soil before planting. This is necessary for two or three reasons. Primarily and mainly, it is necessary because of the fact that the crop has only a short season of growth, about 100 days on the average, and it starts out on this season of growth one of the smallest and most delicate of plants. To enable such a plant with naturally a limited root growth to acquire the size and leaf area necessary to make it profitable in that short period it must have the finest mechanical condition of the soil, so that the tiny rootlets may run freely and be able to- lay hold of and utilize the plant food within their lim- ited area, and this plant food must be in a most avail- able condition. Hence arises the necessity not only for a fine mechanical condition of the soil, but also a fine physical condition. The soil requires to be well filled with vegetable matter, so that it may hold moisture and that the acids developed by this vegetable matter may give aid in dissolving and rendering available the natural and applied plant food in the soil. Very much of the failure to grow tobacco successfully in recent years in the South arises from the fact that the vege- table matter in the soil has been depleted so much by constant cropping and the failure to return vegetable matter to the soil, either in the shape of humus pro- ducing crops or farm-yard manure, as to leave the soil lacking in this essential to successful quick growth. The first step therefore required to be taken by tobacco planters is to break their tobacco fields early and set about the complete pulverizing of the soil. The land should be plowed, harrowed, rolled ,and replowed, har- rowed and rolled until a deep bed is made as fine as an ash heap. To do this, however, on land devoid of humus will be waste of labor and money. Therefore select only such land for planting as is well supplied with this necessary ingredient. If lacking it must be supplied by farm-yard manure or other vegetable mat- ter. Commercial fertilizer will never make good this deficiency. With reference to the fertilizing of the crop Professor Patterson, the director of the Maryland Ex- periment Station, discussing experiments made at that station, says: "In applying fertilizers or manure to most crops, of course it is always desirable to increase the yield, and tility and mechanical condition so changes the charac ^ ^ . ^ , ter of the growth as to make it practically a different in general that is the primary object of f ertilizationj 1903] THE SOUIHERN PLANTER. 237 and it is only in the increased yield that we commonly look for profit from the application of manure. With tobacco we find ourselves confronted with a very dif- ferent condition of affairs, it often being easy to pro- duce an increase in the yield, but the product will be of an inferior quality, and in consequence its total value much less than it would have been without fer- tilization. Again, fertilizers will often show little, if any, increase in yield, but cause a decided improvement in quality, and thus give return by the tobacco bring- ing more per pound than it would have otherwise done. The Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station has been making experiments along this line and studying the effect of our chief fertilizing elements upon the feeding habits of the tobacco plant, and their ulti- mate effect upon its quality, particularly the burning quality. These experiments, though conducted upon Maryland soils, yet have brought out many facts that are equally applicable to the crop wherever grown. These experiments showed the potash salts to be the most potent factors in changing the composition and quality of the tobacco produced. It was shown very plainly that muriate of potash, kainit and low grade sulphate of potash were unfit for use as tobacco fer- tilizers, and should never be applied to lands that ■were ever to be cultivated in tobacco, because the chlorine which these potash salts contain is taken up very freely by the tobacco plant, and chlorine always produces a tobacco with bad burning qualities. On the other hand, high grade sulphate of potash always improved the burning qualities. Carbonate of potash (ashes) produced tobacco with the best combustibility. The application of potash was, in most cases, accom- panied by an increase in yield, but in many cases the increase was small. Phosphoric acid proved to have but little direct bearing upon the combustibility, but generally pro- duced a very decided increase in the yield. Lime and magnesia compounds, in small quantities, seemed to produce a tobacco that cured badly and had an in- ferior texture; the duration of glow was considerably longer with the lime and magnesia tobaccos, but in many cases the ash was of a bad color. On the whole, while lime and magnesia will often very materially increase the yield, yet the quality is such that their application cannot be recommended. The salient principles in the use of fertilizers for the tobacco crop may be summarized as follows: 1st. Apply fertilizers with reference to improve- ment of quality rather than quantity, and never sac- rifice quality of tobacco for quantity. 8d. Many things that produce marked increase in yield make tobacco of inferior quality. 3d. Use concentrated fertilizers as the extraneous matter — matter, not plant food, very often has the ef- fect of making inferior tobacco. 4th. Tobacco lands should not be cropped by plants that take out of the soil relatively much potash and little chlorine. 5th. Never apply any fertilizer to tobacco that con- tains much, if any, chlorine. 6th. Chlorine always causes tobacco to burn badly. 7th. Never apply common salt to tobacco lands. 8th. Do not furnish the potash of a tobacco fertilizer by means of muriate of potash, as it produces a bad quality. 9th. Do not apply kainit to tobacco or tobacco lands, as it produces a bad quality of tobacco. 10th. Do not use low-grade sulphate of potash in tobacco fertilizers, as it causes inferior quality in the tobacco. 11th. High-grade sulphate of potash always im- proved the quality of tobacco, and generally increased the yield. 12th. The tobacco having the best combustibility was grown with carbonate of potash, but the cost of carbonate of potash often excludes its use. 13th. Never apply lime to land immediately before planting it in tobacco. In fact, its bad effects upon curing will sometimes last for several years. 14th. Phosphoric acid generally increases the yield, but does not affect the quality. 15th. Nitrogen produces in most cases an increased yield; but no marked effects on quality could be de- tected. 16th. Yard manure is not well adapted to tobacco, as it is apt to contain detrimental chlorine compounds, and contains relatively too much nitrogen and too lit- tle phosphoric acid and potash. Having thus discussed the general principles af- fecting the production and fertilization of the tobacco crop, we think it may be well to conclude with two or three specific formulae for the fertilization of the crop. These were tested in this State by one of the most in- telligent, studious and successful growers, the late Major R. L. Ragland, and may therefore be taken to be reliable. He tried six different system of fertiliza- tion one year. On Plot No. 1 he applied 50 lbs. of sul- phate of ammonia, 80 lbs. of dried blood, 50 lbs. of sul- phate of potash and 114 lbs. of acid phosphate. This plot produced tobacco of the value of $131.20. Plot No. 2, fertilized with 72 lbs. of nitrate of soda, 80 lbs. of dried blood, 120 lbs. of sulphate of potash and 114 832 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April lbs. of acid phosphate, produced tobacco of the value of $127.90. Plot No. 3, fertilized with 160 lbs. of dried blood, 120 lbs. of sulphate of potash and 114 lbs. of acid phosphate, produced tobacco of the value of $146.60. These three plots were the most successful of the six tested. He remarked that where dried blood and nitrate of soda were used, in combination or sepa- rately, there was scarcely any field firing, much less than where no fertilizers were used. CORN CULTURE. Editor Southern Planter: "So many inquiries have come to me about the grow- ing of corn that I take the liberty of replying to them through the columns of the Southern Planter. There are some general impressions regarding seed and the corn plant which are erroneous, and which I be- lieve affect very much the yield of corn in our State. In the first place it is a general practice in preparing seed to cut off the tips and butts of the ears and plant only the middle grains. This is unfortunate, for the small grains on the tip of the ear have more vitality and are the best on the ear ; the butt grains are slightly better or certainly as good as the middle grains. An experiment in the field or garden will convince the skeptical of the truth of this. Seed corn should be taken from good sound ears and the whole ear should be used. If prolific seed is used the lower and smaller ear which comes out last will have the tendency to multiply ears to a much greater extent than the large ears above. If the large top ear is continually used ii will soon grow only a one-eared corn. Another popular error is that the com plant has shallow roots. It is often the case that the roots of the corn plant are all near the top of the ground, but it is because the ground has been so poorly prepared that the roots cannot go deeper. If the land permits it the roots will go six, feet and more into the ground, and the intermediate space will be filled with roots. It is of first importance in cultivating corn to break the ground as deeply as possible, otherwise our clay subsoil will stop the roots near the surface. I use a three-horse plow and run a two-horse subsoil plow in the furrow. The subsoil plow is rather expensive, and I have gotten almost as good results is most soils, in some soils better results, with a long heavy coulter with projecting tongue. I have in this way broken bottom land 22 inches, hillsides 14 to 16 inches. The benefit of this is three-fold, it allows the roots to go deep into the soil to feed; it stores up the winter and spring rains and insures against dry weather in summer, and by taking the rains down into the soil it prevents washing. By plowing in this way "worn out" lands will soon be brought back to fertility. Shallow plowing is the curse of our farming; it means twisted corn when hot and dry weather comes, "short" corn at harvest, galls and gullies. The subsoil when acted upon by sun and air becomes valuable for plant food and restores fertility to the soil. After the land is deeply plowed it should be put into perfect order before planting. All clods left at planting time can be counted on to roll around the rest of the season, or, if buried, to lock up the fer- tility. It is easier to cultivate corn before planting than after. In our section I have found it better not to plant too early. Hill land planted by May 10th and low grounds by May 20th is early enough. I would rather have it put in then than a month earlier, especially if the land is thoroughly worked in the meantime. The cultivation after planting should be shallow and level. A weeder, if started early enough and kept going, is a splendid implement, one hand and horse going over 20 acres a day and doing all that is needed. If you let the weeds get a few days start the weeder is no earthly account. Kill the weeds when they first "hatch." After the corn gets a foot or so high a five- tooth cultivator should be used, nothing heavier. The soil should be gently stirred and kept clean. Any breaking of the roots of the corn plant is injurious, and even in a wet season, when it is least harmful, it will lesson the yield. Another caution seems to be needed. Do not plow land when wet, especially clay soils. Next to shallow plowing this is ruining more land in Virginia than any other cause. Take up a handful of the soil near the bottom of the furrow and squeeze it hard three or four times, then throw it on the ground, if it goes to pieces the land will do to plow, but if it hangs together in a clod, or like putty, it is too wet. Land plowed too wet will take several years to recover. Winter plowing and freezing is the best way to get it back to proper tilth. In planting I like to lay off the rows with a one-horse plow, running several times in the row, and put the seed down in the ground deep, then cover lightly. After the corn is up, at each working the soil works to the corn. This helps the corn later on to stand up when heavy rains and winds come. Covering too deep retards the sprouting and growth. Where land is rich and well plowed put more seed in the ground. On bottom lands with the kind of corn I grow I try to have the rows 2^ feet apart and a single stalk every twelve inches in the row. This looks very thick, but it pays if the land is plowed deep enough to 1903] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 289 let the roots down into the ground. A good Valley farmer was driving into my farm with me, and looking at the growing corn, said: "Mr. Woods, if you don't thin that corn you will get nothing but fodder." Tt yielded a fraction over 163 bushels (shelled corn) to the acre: I believe we are making the same mistake with all other crops— wheat, oats, and especially grass. We do not put enough seed on the ground, or better still, in the ground, for all seed ought always to be well covered. I think we do not appreciate the possibilities in our hands when we plant our crops. We have too little faith. A farmer who does not believe that more than 60 bushels of corn can be raised to the acre is not apt to raise more. It will be an accident if he does. But the man who knows what has been done will try to come somewhere near the mark. The best authentic crop of corn, as far as I am informed, was 250 bushels of shelled corn on one acre of land. Most of us cannot attain this perhaps, but we can easily double or triple the crops we are raising by a judicious selection of seed and by intensive farming. The average yield credited to Virginia in the Agricultural Department Eeports should suggest something to us Virgiaiti farmers. We all ought to have the latest work on Cora Culture, and read it and practice its teachings. Albemarle Co., Va. Samuel B. Woods. SHALL IT BE COW-PEAS OR SOY BEAN Editor Southern Planter: The year 1902 gave the writer a season of experience with rich results. He has contended that when better known the Soy bean wo\ild, as a farm and feed crop, be second only to corn. Events of 1903 bring the matter right to the door of the dairyman, feeders, breeders and farmers. All kinds of ordinary hay and fodders can be per- fectly cured and housed. The farm press bears evi- dence that curing cow-pea hay is a difficult problem, too often a total failure. In ten years' experience more than one-third of the time we have either lost all or a large part of our pea hay. Our best seasons we have lost a large part of the best of it, the leaves. If rained on after they are cut the leaves, stems and vines turn black, the leaves shatter off, we get into the barn a lot of stringy stuff with a hempen fiber so tough stock cannot masticate it, and have a big waste. The quality of the feed is seriously injured. For hogging off, for pasture, or to plow under I re- gard the cow-pea a wonderful crop. In this correspondence I have given tables taken from the bulletins of the Department of Agriculture, of Washington, D. C, showing that as a means of tak- ing nitrogen from the air and fixing it in the soil the Soy bean stands first, clover second and cow-peas third. I have also shown from the letter of Mr. James Bell- wood, of Virginia, that he has thrashed "over one hun- dred bushels of Soy beans from one acre of rich 'James river' bottom land." No man in Virginia has higher standing or character than Mr. Bellwood. I copied from these bulletins that analysis shows that one bushel of Soy bean seed has a feeding value equivalent to more than three bushels of corn. Then (I don't say it, but the United States says) this one acre of beans was worth more than 300 bushels of corn for feeding pur- poses. I have also given tables showing that corn fodder and Soy bean hay, eqvial parts, make a perfectly "balanced ration." The difficulty in getting seed that would grow, and harvesting Soy beans, have kept them in the back- ground. With our better knowledge both are over- come. The Soy bean is so rich in nitrogen that if thrashed and put in bulk with the least moisture in the seeds the will heat enough to injure the germ. That part of the crop the farmer wants for seed he should let stand until the leaves fall off then cut, shock and let stand until the seed is dry, thrash and put in sacks (do not bulk) and store in a dry place. Thus treated, every seed will grow. The idea is to thoroughly eliminate mois- tvire'. A common separator thrashes them as easily as oats. Haevesting and Curing This Crop. Previous to 1902 I have been able to cut and bind a few bundles in a comparatively green state. They cured out perfectly, but following the cutting we had ideal curing weather, hot with fresh winds. I feared to put it out to the public lest wet, muggy weather might cause them to heat and mould. In 1902 I determined to test the mater and found a machine that could cut and bind them in their greenest stage. The weather was cloudy, with showers every few days. I selected about three acres of very heavy beans from 3^ to 5 feet high, in full bloom (their greenest stage). I cut them in the after- noon, leaving them on the ground to wilt and dry out a few days before shocking. That night a hard shower wet the bundles thoroughly. They were shocked the next day as we would wheat. A few days after they were shocked we had a down- pour; the dense and immense foilage turned the water off like a duck's feathers, then we had four weeks of 240 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. [April cloudy and showery weather, ideal to test the question whether Soy beans cut green and tightly bound would cure out into perfect animal feed. They were left six weeks, until perfectly cured and dry, and when fed out not a moulded bundle was found. Two days before I cut the beans I cut four acres of cow-peas. The continued wet weather caused us to lose the pea foilage, it rotted. I got a fair crop of pea seed. The superiority of the Soy bean over any other crop will be emphasised in our future farming by growing Soy beans alone for feed, pasture and to plow down. Olney, Illinois. Egbert C. Morris. RANDOM NOTES ON MARCH NUflBERS. Editor Southern Planter: Mr. Clarh's Grass. — The wonderful results that have been secured by Mr. Clark, in Connecticut, as noted in your editorial remarks, show conclusively the value of heavy fertilization for grass, and the crops he has made show that this lavish fertilization is done at a profit. Then, too, as we have often insisted, the corn crop is the place where the farm manure pays best and furnishes humus to enable the fertilizers to act more efficiently through the retention of moisure in the land. What crops of grass could be made on the mellow lands of Eastern North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia by Clark's method? The black peaty soils of Eastern North Carolina naturally produce grass in abundance, and on these soils the potash that Mr. Clark uses would pay as well as there. You are right, so far as most of the Piedmont soils of Virginia are concerned, in sup- posing that they need little potash, but on the sandy soils of the coast plain potash is an important matter. Flat Culture of Cotton. — I have recently gotten let- ters from all over the South showing that here and there the growers are realizing that the old plan of ridging and hilling is not best for the cotton crop any more than for the corn crop. The leaven of improve- ment is working all through the cotton country, and flat culture will soon come to be the method of the im- proving farmers, and ere long the man who grows but half a bale per acre will be looked upon as behind the times as a farmer. Keep on urging the need of humus in the cotton field. They cannot get humus with cot- ton on the land every year, and the fertilizers will never have their best effect till the cotton farmers go to farming and quits cotton planting. All Flesh is Grass. — And I am glad to see that the farmers in the cotton belt are gradually losing their dread of Bermuda and are beginning to realize that grass and forage and cattle are as important in the im- provement of the land for cotton as they are for the crops of the North. When the cotton farmers fatten three beeves for every bale of cotton they raise they will grow more cotton on fewer acres and at a smaller cost per pound. Fertilizers for Peas. — On the sandy soils where Mr. Tyson lives there is no doubt that his mixture of acid phosphate and potash will be the thing for peas, but on the red clay uplands I had rather depend on the. acid phosphate alone or a much smaller percentage of the potash. I used here last year a fertilizer with but 1 per cent, of potash on peas with marked results. The recommendation of a fertilizer for any crop will de- pend on the land where it is to be used, and no one but the farmer can tell what his land needs, and he needs to experiment to find out. Every thoughtful farmer should study his soil and thus avoid the buying of what he does not need. Improving Mountain Land. — On the land in the North Carolina mountains I am sure that the best pasture can be made of the so-called English or Canada blue grass, Poa Compressa. On these rich lands it will be what Bermuda is to the lower South, and it thrives on land where there is no limestone, while the Kentucky grass does not. Peas and Sorghum. — My advice is to put the peas by themselves and the sorghum by itself. Sorghum among the peas will make them hard to cure, for sor- ghum never cures dry. Sorghum is valuable as a forage but the peas are better without it. There is no diffi- culty in curing peas by themselves, and I have the hay to show that it is so. My hay has the leaves all green in color and not a speck of mould, and it went into the barn the third day after it was cut, and was cured there. It is easier to balance the ration with the crops grown separately than to try to grow two plants where but one should grow. Ginseng. — Hardly a day passes that I do not get an inquiry about the cultivation of ginseng. The imagi- native newspaper reporters have told such wonderful tales about it that the men who are always ready to drop the crops they know for others they know nothing about, are all now seeking to know more of ginseng. My advice is to stick to wheat, cotton, corn and peas and let the men who want to, experiment Math gingseng. Like silk culture, there is nothing in it for most of us, certainly not in the warmer sections of the South. W. F. Massey, Editor of Practical Farmer. When Planter. corresponding with advertisers mention the 1U03 ] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 241 NITRATE OP SODAr ON TOBACCO PLANT-BEDS. Editor Southern Planter: Mr. H P. Baker, of Cumberland county, Va., says in March Planter that he used 10 lbs. to 100 square yards, which would be at rate of 500 lbs. to the acre. He ap- plied it when some plants were the size of a quarter. I should have supposed that so heavy an application would have burned the tender young plant. I have, a number of times, experimented with nitrate soda on tobacco plants, but never with such positive or imme- diate action. In fact, I have been somewhat disap- pointed in results and have concluded that I put nitrate on too late, after plants were up, and felt con- vinced that the proper time to put it on was a little before plants came vip. I tried to put at rate of 150 lbs. to acre, which I supposed was sufficient, as we put on a pound to the yard of the highest grade plant bed fertilizer when we sowed seed. Nitrate of soda is very lumpy, and I found difficulty in getting it fine enough to sow evenly, for if you sow good sized lumps and they dissolve right around the plants it will be apt to burn them. I have seen plants burned entirely up in this way, and have also seen a small piece of "Green Sward grass" burned up com- pletely by a heavy application of nitrate. My experience is that if you are going to put it on plants after they are up, that it should either be dis- solved in water and sprinkled on or else be sown on bed while it is raining. If you knew positively it was going to rain before night sow just before the rain. I feel sure that my failures with nitrate of soda were caused by putting it on too late. I have never had plants much benefitted by it in time to plant but have gone back to the bed after we had finished planting and found it wild with green plants. I believe that nitrate is in- valuable for plants if applied at right time and in proper manner, and that you can have plants as early as you choose. It is just such extravagant accounts as Mr. Baker's which first started me to experimenting with nitrate, not only on plants, but on numbers of other things, greatly to my disappointment. I believe that you can greatly benefit the tobacco raisers by explaining to them the proper manner of putting nitrate on plant beds. The next issue of your paper will be out before the tobacco plants are up. Myself and a number of my neighbors would have been greatly benefitted by the proper information on this very important subject several years ago, and would have saved us the expense of buying our experience. To the ordinary farmer the whole subject is a sort of a mystery. Anyone expecttng to see such miraculous results as nitrate turning grass "a vivid green" in a week after applied will be disappointed as I was. I read about nitrate of soda years ago, and sent to New York to the importer to get 300 lbs. A friend of mine did the same. We tried it and gave it to others to try in every conceivable manner without slightest results on anything. We were so much disgusted that I waited ten years before trying it again. We expected too imme- diate action. After reading Planter to-day I concluded to scribble this with the hope that you might spare the time to take it into consideration. Albemarle, Co., Va. J- S. Wood, Whilst we have never used nitrate of soda on tobacco plant beds we have used it largely on farm and vege- table crops of various kinds, and can, therefore, speak with confidence as to its action. Nitrate of soda is peculiar amongst fertilizers in that it is the only one in use which is naturally in the condition in which plants take nitrogen. All plants assimilate nitrogen in the form of a nitrate. In all other forms of nitrogen fertilizers the nitrogen is chemically when applied in some other form than a nitrate, and has to undergo a chemical change in the soil before the plants can utilize it. It first passes into the form of a nitrite and then into a nitrate, which absorbs time. In the form of sul- phate of ammonia it is a sulphate, and has to pass through several chemical changes before assimilable. In the organic from, such as dried blood, fish scrap, cotton seed meal, it has to decompose before the nitrogen takes the form of a nitrate. A knowledge of these facts should regulate the use of the different nitrogenous fertilizers. Another feature about nitrate of soda in which it differs from other fertilizers is its extreme solubility. It melts as quickly as salt. If, therefore, when applied the plant is not in a state of root activity so that it can immediately utilize the nitrate, the chances are strongly in favor of a heavy loss of the nitrogen by leaching. This was clearly demonstrated by Sir J. B. Lawes in one of his experiments. He ap- plied nitrate of soda to a plot of tile drained land, the drains of which discharged into tanks. On part of the plot there was a growing crop, on another part there was no vegetation. He applied equal quantities of nitrate of soda to each plot. On the part where there was a crop with active root growth the nitrate was all assimilated by the crop and little or no trace of it could be found in the drain water in the tank. On the other plot, where there was no vegetation, nearly the whole of the nitrate of soda was recovered from the drain water in the tank. Bearing these facts in mind, the proper time to apply nitrate of soda to any crop is after the plants have commenced to grow, when root action is active. We would always apply just previous to a gentle rain if possible, but a heavy dew will readily dissolve it. We have frequently seen the result of applying nitrate of soda within a week after the application, when conditions of root growth and moisture were favor- able. The nitrate should be in as fine a condition as possible when applied, all lumps being broken by beat- ing with the back of a shovel or running a roller over it on a hard floor before sowing. — Ed. 242 'I HE SOUTHER PLANTER [April ORA55 SEEDINQ— CORN QROWINQ— HAY GROWING. Editor Southern Planter: In your March edition you again advise sowing on permanent meadows seeds of grasses that will die out, relying upon other varieties to endure and to keep the land covered. You have often recommended clover for the same purpose. This is all wrong. Where grass dies out weeds, brushes, etc., will grow up. If you want a meadow or a pasture to last, say five years, sow only grasses that will last, and do not mix in anything that will not last. This very common mistake is one of the reasons why grass lands are not lasting here. Here is a problem for you: Corn can be raised to profit in Kansas, Nebraska and other Western States at 25 cents per bushel ; 40 to 50 bushels per acre is con- sidered a good crop there. Now, here corn sells at 50 cents per bushel. As there is little difference in the cost of cultivation, provided the corn is planted with check cable, so that the disk cultivators can be worked both ways across the field, it would seem that the Virginia planter could afford to spend 25 cents per bushel in fertilizer for every bushel of corn if he can thus increase his harvest to 40 or 50 bushels per acre. I read your account of the Clark system of hay cul- ture. Over $40 per acre net profit looks big to a West- erner who has seen real good hay sold at $3 per ton. I take it, however, that Virginia soil is either not suited to such intense culture or that Virginia farmers are able to make more profit by other crops, else the Clark system would be followed by those who have the means. Has our Agricultural Experiment Station ever given the system a trial? I have some red soil, some choco- late color soil, some gray, wet soil and some river bot- tom, and would like to know whether it is suited to the Clark system, especially since some of the gray soil does not seem to be much good for anything else. Apropos of flat cultivation of corn. Why not publish a few articles on the Campbell system of soil culture? I notice many inquiries in regard to alfalfa. Farm- ers should read Coburn's work on the subject. The price, I think, is 50 cents, and it is worth $5 for every acre of alfalfa. Seed should be sown with press-drill, 30 lbs. to the acre, drill twice, 15 lbs. each way. It does not pay to sow alfalfa unless the soil has been infected with tubercles. Probably most soils will require liming. After the first year disk and cross-disk and roll every spring. Sow between 1st and 20th of September. Alfalfa will stand grazing well after the second year. Hanover Co., Va. Greenhorn-. We are not in agreement with our correspondent on the subject of grass seeding. The most permanent grasses are slow to take hold of and cover the land, hence the wisdom of seeding with them some of the less permanent varieties to occupy the land for two or three years until the permanent ones have gotten good hold. These prevent weeds killing out the permanent grasses in the first two years, and in their decay provide food for the permanent grasses. The clover, whilst it lasts and in its decay supplies nitrogen for the use of the permanent grasses, hence its value in addition to its hay value. There is no reason why corn cannot be grown here as profitably as in the West, seeing the much greater price for which it sells. The greatest crop ever grown on an acre — 250 bushels — was grown in the South, and several crops in excess of 150 bushels to the acre have been grown in this State. What is more needed to secure this end than periodical doses of fer- tilizer is the enchancement of the permanent fertility of the land by the addition of humus to our soils. The corn crop is best fertilized with the coarse, home-made farm yard manure. It is difficult to fertilize the com crop with commercial fertilizers with profit. Read what Professor Massey says in this issue as to Clark's method of growing hay — we agree with him. — Ed. THAT LITTLE FARM WELL TILLED. Editor Southern Planter: I do not believe that either you, or I, or anybody else can over estimate the advantages growing out of the "intensive" cultivation of the soil in Eastern Virginia. The motto of our farmers should be "not how much, but how well and how thorough." The aim should be not how many acres can I till, but how much can I get per acre. Take a worn and "run down" farm in Eastern Vir- ginia, worn by the tenant system, which robs the soil, and by shallow plowing — there are two good farms un- derneath the worn one. There are two good farms upon which the sun has never shone, which have never been brought to light and life by the influence of the frost, air and sunshine. Deeper . plowing, subsoiling and tile drainage, aided by the splendid influences of the clover and pea crops, will bring up these two idle farms to the surface, or will bring up their hidden stores of plant food and make these stores available, instead of lying there dormant as at the present time. A few weeks ago we sent the Planter a short article showing what one of our farmers had done on two acres of land planted to early potatoes, followed by a crop of turnips sowed with clover. The showing was a good one, but a reader of the Planter has sent us a statement still better. With your permission we will make a brief statement. We do this for the encouragement of your readers who have small farms and who wish to get the most out of them. The gentleman referred to writes that in March last 1903] TPIE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 243 year he planted two acres of Irish potatoes. In June, before digging his potatoes, he planted corn between the rows. The last of June he dug one hundred and seventeen barrels of marketable potatoes, then went on and culti- vated the corn, which was making a very rapid growth. When he finished working his corn in August he sowed the land to clover and turnips. The turnips grew very large, some of them being six inches or more in diame- ter, making an enormous yield, which he failed to measure. In the fall the case stood like this. He had taken from the two acres 117 barrels of fine potatoes, had 60 bushels of shelled corn, $9 worth of fodder, also a splendid crop of turnips, and the land was seeded to clover with as splendid a stand as he ever saw. This clover he expects to cut in May, 1903, and turn down the stubble and prepare the ground for sweet potatoes. Our correspondent stands readv to prove the truth- fulness of all his statements, and it goes to show the advantage of cultivating small areas of land and doing it well, and we mention these matters for the en- couragement of farmers in general, and for those in particular who own small farms. We can but say to them that if they will do their work thoroughly and study the agricultural journals, especially the Southern Planter, and be governed by its teachings, they will find themselves making more money, and making themselves more independent from ten acres of land than the West- em farmers do off one hundred and sixty acres. The whole of Eastern Virginia will some day be one vast garden. It will all be farmed intensively; every acre vidll be brought into subjection and put under thorough cultivation. If cows are kept, there will be two' or three cows kept to the acre. If sheep are kept, they will be kept just as they are now on the high-priced lands in England, and all farm work will be thorough, practical and intensive. Why should not these things be done? The soil and climate permits and encourages it, and the markets are at our doors, and all things combine to demand that man shall do as much for himself here as nature has done for him. The man above mentioned, who raised 117 barrels of fine potatoes, 60 bushels of shelled com, $9 worth of fodder, and so many turnips that he could not meas- ure them, from two acres of ground, and now has that same two acres in a splendid stand of clover, has . demonstrated what can be done, what should be done, and what will be done all over this fair section of ours a few years hence, when the leaven of development and improvement has permeated and penetrated the whole mass. May the shadow of the Planter never grow less and may its influence ever broaden, .deepen and expand until the agricultural interests, especially of Eastern Virginia, shall be thoroughly and properly developed. Norfolk, Va. A. Jeffbrs. POTASH. Mr Stubbs, of Gloucester county, wrote several arti- cles in the "Planter" on the subject of "Potash," which, together with my own experience, proved to me con- clusively that it does not pay to buy "potash." From the way he wrote I had supposed that he was an authority on the subject, and that his opinions de- served consideration. I think Mr. Stubbs was so posi- tive that he urged that agricultural papers should not continue to advise its patrons to use potash m order to benefit manufacturers at the expense of farmers. I have been greatly surprised that Mr. Stubbs expe- rience has made so little impression. I think Mr. Stubbs alluded to potash on "tobacco" principally. His opinion, however, has made no impression, as all tobacco fertilizers continue to come with a high per cent, of pot- ash. All Mr. Stubbs' experiments were in Gloucester, where the soil is supposed to be devoid of potash, whilst our soil here has it sufficiently, according to Professor Massey and many others. Experience has pretty conclusively shown here that tobacco wants "phosphoric acid" and nothing -else. Still when farmers see agricultural papers urging use of potash, especially on tobacco, they imagine that per- haps their experience is wrong, and continue to buy ". This is contradictory to all theory, and as Mr. Stubbs says, he imagined that of all plants tobacco stood more in need of potash. I think I've heard that Mr. Stubbs is not only a practical farmer, but also a scientific man. I should imagine that his opinions ought to have a great weight. J. S. Wood. Albemarle Co., Va. Dr. Stubbs, who is a most able and scientific chemist, and director of the Louisiana Experiment Station, is also a farmer in Gloucester county, Va., where he owns the old ancestral home of his family. This plantation is managed under his direction by his nephew, who has had a scientific education. In the course of experiments which he conducts regularly every year on his Virginia farm in a scientific manner, he has arrived at the con- clusion that potash is little needed, even on the Eastern lands of this State, except it may be for tobacco, Irish potatoes and some vegetable crops. On the middle and Western lands he does not think it at all necessary except for these special crops. His opinion ought to have weight as he is a most careful experimenter and has had a long experience both theoretical and prac- tical* — Ed. 244 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April SOWING CRIMSON CLOVER SEED. Editor Southern Planter: For 3-ears I have been sowing crimson clover, both to turn in and for grazing. As a fertilizer it is estimated to be worth about $10 per acre. It gives better spring grazing, while it lasts, than any grass we have. The seed ranges in price from $2.50 to $4 per bushel, and up to a year or two ago I had great trouble in getting "a stand." I determined, if it could be done, to save my own seed. I wrote to the Aultman-Taylor people for prices on clover-hulling machinery, and found it cost too much for a small quantity — $500 to $800 — so I concluded I would cut it with my mowing machine, rake in wind rows when the dew was on, and then beat out as you would black field peas or oats, when only small quanti- ties (of oats) are needed. It was more than a success. I not only got more seed than I needed, but seed that cost me but little, and which woiili always germinate. Since then (about three or four years ago) I have never had to buy any seed. This season I cut less than two acres and I secured enough seed to sow over forty, and I have beautiful stands wherever sown. I will be more than glad to give further information about this to anyone interested. Several of my friends are now sowing their seed with the same results I have mentioned. The seed will be no trouble to sow, though they are in the husk and look like Orchard grass. A man can sow a drift of five or six feet. It cost me less than $5 to save the seed. So on forty acres at 75 cents an acre (one peck at $3 per bushel, the present price) I save $35, and, what is best of all, get perfect results. Isle of Wight Co., Va. C. F. Day. FERTILITY WITHOUT HUMUS. Editor Southern Planter: It is usually taken for granted by farmers that com- mon clay contains no plant food. They think the latter exists only in humus or decayed vegetable matter. Such an impression comes from the fact that in worn-out land the humus has disappeared and nothing but clay remains. It is true that little plant food that is available exists in such clay, for the nutrient element has been weathered out, or carried away in crops. There is plant food still remaining, hwever, but it is not in a chemical condition suitable for absorption by the plant. That plant food exists abundantly in clay that has not been exhausted, we have many proofs. Near my place there is a fill in the public road, the dirt for which was taken from a red clay hill that contained no humus whatever. Yet the sides of "that fill now sustain a vigor- ous growth of blackberry briers. The briers must obtain their plant food from the clay, the elements of which have been made soluble by the incidental manipu- lation and exposure to the weather. In a similar manner I have seen peach trees growing on the sides of railway embankments where it did not seem at all probable that there could have been any humus. At least it could not have existed in sufficient quantities to have produced the observed result. A few years after the siege at Knoxville, during the Civil War, I noticed rank vegetation growing on the mounds of clay thrown up from the rifle-pits on the picket line. Poke stalks were especially vigorous. In this case it may be argued that the superimposed layer of clay was so thin that the roots of the large plants penetrated to the original surface and fed on the humus there found, but this would not seem to account for the growth being more vigorous than on the adjacent sur- face where there was no superimposed clay. I have also noticed a decided improvement in crops where clay has washed down upon low land at the foot of a hill. In all the cases mentioned, the clay must, of course, have sufficient length of exposure to the action of air, rain and frost. If a lot of raw clay should be turned up in the spring, and at once planted, the result would prove disastrous. Still another evidence that humus is not essential to fertility is furnished by irrigated lands in arid dis- tricts. There has been no opportunity for vegetable mold to accumulate on these lands, and yet they are exceedingly productive. The plant food lies in abund- ance near the surface because there have been no rains to wash it away, nor has it been exhausted by crops. I do not set forth these facts as newly discovered, but as overlooked by the general farmer. The exhaustion of our fields is, perhaps, as much a result of shallow and imperfect cultivation as of a loss of humus. In fact, it has been claimed that deep and thorough cul- tivation will make humus. It may be better to say that it will preserve humus and make plant food more avail- able. We certainly may say that the better the cultiva- tion the less need for a fertilizer and the more it effects. To use an expensive fertilizer on poorly cultivated lands is anything but a paying business. Knox Co., Tenn. K. N. Crast. Whilst it is undoubtedly true that most clays are rich in plant food, yet it is equally true that unless these clays become filled with humus they cannot be kept in a condition in which plants can utilize that food. In hot dry weather they bake into bricks, whilst in wet weather they become puddles. Neither conditions are conductive to plant growth. The presence of humus prevents both these conditions and makes clay soils some of the most productive soils in the world. A clay soil devoid of humus can never be kept in a productive con- dition by cultivation alone, as it practically becomes im- possible to work in either very dry or wet weather. — Ed. Mention the Planter to your friends. 1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 245 inPROVING nOUNTAIN LAND PASTURES. Editor Southern Planter: I take pleasure in describing the value of our moun- tain lands. As my father owns several thousand acres, I have had some experience in the management of the same. In regard to Mr. Reynolds' letter, will say that we have lands at an altitude between 2,500 and 5,000 feet, and we think that these lands make the finest pas- tures in the South. The land is very black and deep, with very rich soil, composed of rotten vegetable matter, which grows a very heavy growth of wild weeds or rattle weeds. In order to get a good stand of grass the land should be culti- vated one year, or sow the grass seed (Orchard, Herds and Blue grass) the same year in the corn. This land will make 40 bushels of corn to the acre, and the pas- tures will last from 30 to 50 years. Mr. W. D. McCracken, of Crabtree, N". C, keeps his short horns on his pastures until Christmas in good condition. As the land is cold it should be free from shade or trees. The grass is verj'' tender from early spring until very cold weather. The land will keep one short horn three years old on every two acres for several months. The sod will be equal to any lawn or bottom land hay field, and after a good stand of grass will get better without renewal almost to the end of time. A very economical way of setting mountain lands is to clean up the undergrowth, deaden all standing trees, sow seed March 1st, then keep enough calves (year olds) on same to keep the weeds down, and then the grass will spread to a solid sod. Our mountain land will make cattle fatter than any other land in pasture, but will not grow them as large on account of the lack of lime in our soil. And as to finishing cattle, I am sure that you cannot find a soil that will equal ours in West North Carolina. Mr. R. E. Osborne, of Waynesville, N. C, finished cattle on his mountain pastures, making a gain aver- aging 437 lbs. per head in one season. Haywood Co., N. C. Alden Howell, Jh. enough without manure, but when I planted I put a pretty good sprinkling of coal ashes right on the pota- toes in the furrows of part of the lot, then covered as usual. When I dug them in the fall the part that had the coal ash application had considerably larger and nicer tubors and they were entirely free from scab. I have since used coal ashes occasionally, and I always found nice clean tubers where so treated, and this leads me to believe that there is some fertility in coal ashes, and that they might be used to advantage as a preven- tive of potash scab. Goochland Co., Va. It is possible that ashes may be a preventive of scab, though we know of no chemical reason why they should so act, but certainly they have no value as a fertilizer as they contain no plant food, — Ed, COAL ASHES. Editor Southern Planter: Seeing an item in the Planter some time ago stating that there was no fertilizing value in coal ashes, and recently several articles relating to the cause and pre- vention of potato scab, will give you a little of my expe- rience in Pennsylvania. Some years ago I had a piece of land cleaned off and had it broken up for Irish pota- toes. The land had been a sugar bush timbered with sugar maple, therefore, I considered it plenty rich KILLING STUMPS— LICE ON HOGS. Editor Southern Planter: I noticed in the March issue of the Planter a query by L. C. A., who wished to know a simple and cheap way to kill stumps, such as gum and poplar. Having received so much valuable information through the Planter I can, and will, furnish the desired informa- tion: With a hoe pull away the dirt around the stump till the roots nearest the surface are exposed. The dirt must be pulled away about 12 or 15 inches from the stump, then place dry brush around the stump and burn till the exposed roots are well heated, and the stump will surely die, never putting out another sprout, I clear some land every year, and all stumps too large to take up with a hoe I kill in this way, I have killed many stumps with an armful of corn stalks applied in the above way. I think kerosene oil would do as well, though the brush or corn stalks is cheaper and avail- able. If the stumps have no roots near the surface dig around the stump about 8 inches deep and burn as above directed. While I am writing I will give a remedy to rid hogs of lice. Take a small wooden pad- dle and dip in gas tar and apply to the hog where the nits are most found, say on both sides of the neck and hams. If the first application does not sufiice make the second in a week or ten days, and it will utterly exterminate the lice. This can be done while the hogs are eating slop, which saves the trouble of catching and holding them, M. C. Hav^^kes. Nottoway Co., Va. Mention the Planter when corresponding with adver- tisers. 246 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April ENQUIRER'S COLUMN. EnquirieB should be sent to the office of The Southern Planter Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the month, for re plies to appear in the next month's issue of the PlarUer. 5oia Beans. I should be greatly obliged for the experience, through the columns of the Southern Planter, of any of your patrons as to the growing, cultivation, etc., of Soja beans in connection with ensilage corn for ensiling together. Also as to the growing, harvesting, thresh- ing and feeding of Soja beans as a grain crop for grind- ing into meal to take the place of cottonseed meal, bran, etc., and as a forage crop to be made into hay. Shenandoah Co.. Va. W. H. Newman. In this issue you will find an article dealing with Soy beans as a fodder crop. In last month's issue you will also find an article, "All flesh is grass," recom- mending them. They can also be grown with corn for the silo, but we prefer to grow them alone and then cut and fill into the silo with the corn load for load. This makes excellent silage, and you get a much heavier yield per acre than when grown together with the corn. When grown for the grain alone they should be planted in drills 2 feet apart and 10 inches apart in the row and be allowed to stand until the pods begin to turn yellow, but not until they are ripe, or they will shell out badly. Then cut and bind in bundles and set up in shocks like wheat until cured thoroughly. They may then be thrashed out with the separator, taking out the whole or part of the concaves and running the machine slowly. They should not be put in large bulk until thoroughly dry, as they heat quickly. We shall have more to say about this crop when writing on forage crops in our next issue. — Ed. Corn Fertilizer — Composition of Fertilizers, I have a field that has been pastured for several years which I propose to plant in corn. Will it pay me to use commercial fertilizer? If so, what? When and how should it be applied? I am offered a fertilizer said to contain 4 per cent, potash, 10 per cent, phosphate and 8C per cent? Now, can't I get this 80 lbs. potash and 200 lbs. phosphate and use them without hauling and handling 1,720 lbs. sand, or whatever it may be? If so, where can I get them, and how and when apply ? What and how much should I use for cow-peas, and when and how apply ? Also for Irish potatoes. Henrico Co., Va. "W." In this issue you will find in an article on ''Work for the Month" our views on corn fertilizing. Phos- phorus, the element from which phosphoric acid is obtained, is unavailable for use as a fertilizer. It is so highly combustible that on exposure to the air it bursts into flame and has to be kept under water to preserve it for use in scientific experiments. Phos- phoric acid for use as a fertilizer is always in some combination; most generally as a phosphate of lime, as in bone and South Carolina rock. In this combina- tion it is largely in an unavailable form or only slowly available. To render it available the rock or bone is treated with about an equal quantity of sulphuric acid. When the acid is mixed with the rock or bone it com- bines with two-thirds of the lime, forming sulphate of lime (plaster), and leaving the phosphoric acid pre- viously united with all the .lime united with one-third of the lime as mono-phosphate of lime. This mono- phosphate is then in a condition to give up its phos- phoric acid to the crop, the same being in that form soluble in water. The buyer of a ton of acid phos- phate, analyzing 10 per cent." phosphoric acid, does not therefore haul and handle sand or useless material to the extent of 1,500 lbs. to the ton, but 800 lbs. of phosphate of lime containing 200 lbs. of available phos- phoric acid and 1,200 lbs. of sulphate of lime (plaster), which in itself is available as a fertilizer. In no other form can you get phosphoric acid for use as a fertilizer than as a phosphate of lime. In the case of potash — this is a natural mineral production brought into this country from Germany. In the mines it exists in com- bination with other salts and minerals. Kainit is the form in which it is most largely combined with other elements. Kainit analyses usually only 12 per cent, of potash and the other 88 per cent, is largely chloride of sodium (common salt). In the form of muriate of potash there is usually about 45 to 50 per cent, of pot- ash, and the other 50 per cent, is made up of other salts and acids. In buying muriate of potash or sul- phate of potash, which is even purer than muriate, you will get the least admixture of any other element in any form of potash, and therefore have less to haul and handle to get the same quantity of pure potash. You can get the 80 lbs. of potash you mention in something less than 200 lbs. of muriate of potash and the 200 lbs. of phosphoric acid in 1,500 lbs. of 14 per cent, acid phosphate. For cow-peas apply from 250 to 350 lbs. to the acre of acid phosphate. For Irish potatoes a good fer- tilizer may be made up of 300 lbs. nitrate of soda, 600 lbs. cotton seed meal, 800 lbs. acid phosphate, 300 lbs. muriate of potash to make a ton. Use from 400 to 1,000 lbs. to the acre. — Ed. When corresponding with advertisers mention the Planter. 19031 THE SOU I HERN PLANTER. 247 Sorghum and Millet— Plowing lor Wheat. I want to know how will sorghum and millet do to sow for feed for stock. Will they mature together? If so, how much to the acre, and when to sow it, and at what stage to cut it. I also want to know about break- ing land for wheat at this time of the year and then let it lay till July, as I can plow then with less rain. By plowing now is it against the land or not ? I have about forty acres of old field that has been cleared of pine and stumps and has been run for years and is too thin for clover, and as labor cannot be had it is left to lay. I don't want it to grow up again in brush. I broke part of my land last spring at idle times, and if I had not done so then it would not have been in wheat to-day, as it was so dry. I could plow where I broke in the spring when I could not crack the other land. I never had a finer looking wheat crop at this time of the year. Guildford Co., N. C. D. B. Smith. Sow the sorghum and millet separately, as they will not mature together. Millet and peas and sorghiun and peas make good hay when grown together. Break the land for wheat as soon as convenient, and keep work- ing it during the summer and up to within a short time of seeeding, and you will make a wheat crop. — Ed. aras5 for Name. I send you to-day under separate cover a sample of grass that seems to grow vigorously in a piece of low land I have. Will you please give me the name of the grass? I would like to put the land in it for a per- manent pasture. It stays green nearly all the winter and can't be killed easily. Princess Anne Co., Va. . . Thos. S. Land. It is impossible for us to name a grass from a small sample of the first spring growth. We must have the seed stalk with the seed head on it and the root. If you will send us these later, we will endeavor to help you. — Ed. Some of my I call blight. You will find tell me in the insects are on Also suggest a Accomac Co Blight on Apple Trees. young apple trees are affected with what The ends of some of the twigs are dead, some twigs enclosed. Will you kindly next issue of the Planter what kind of them, and if they are very injurious? remedy ; and oblige a subscriber. ., Va. Lee K. Phillips. The dead twigs have suffered from twig blight, a disease of the same nature as that called "fire blight" in pears. It is a bacterial disease for which no remedy has yet been found except to cut out the dead twigs below the point to which the disease has run. The apple being much more resistant to the disease than the pear, it does not often cause more than temporary injury. Spray the trees with Bordeaux Mixture as ad- vised in our Spray calendar published in last month's issue. — Ed. Corn Fertilizzr. In next issue of your excellent paper kindly tell what a good fertilizer for corn should contain, and how much per acre should be applied (broadcast) on land from which a medium crop of clover hay was cut last sea- son. This land will produce 20 or 25 bushels corn per acre without the use of any fertilizer, if season is good. Northumberland Co., Va. Subscriber. See our article, "Work for the Month," in this issue — Ed. Seeding Crimson Clover and Vetch. Will you please tell me if I can put in vetch and crim- son clover seed with peas, say in July, and get a stand of the vetch and clover, or will the peas shade it to death ? I expect to mow the peas off for hay in the fall. Iredell Co., N. C. 0. E. Shook. We have known crimson clover to be seeded with peas in July and August, and to make a stand, but it is a risky proceeding, as if the peas are at all a heavy crop they will smother the clover. It is too early to sow vetch in July. This crop can well be seeded after the peas are cut for hay, and unless the peas be cut very late the crimson clover can also be then seeded, though not with quite as good a chance of success as if seeded in Au- gust. — Ed. Cut Worms and Tomatoes — Fertilizer for Toma- toes — Grubs in the Backs of Cattle. I have been troubled with worms cutting off my tomato plants as soon as they are set out ; what is a pre- ventative? How much fertilizer must I use to insure a good crop of tomatoes on land which will produce from 5 to 6 barrels of corn per acre? Is it proper to remove the so-called "wolves" from the backs of cattle or let nature pursue its course in expelling them? Which do you consider the better method of cultivating corn, fiat or in beds, and what the best implement to use in working it? Westmoreland Co., Va. F. E. Omohundro. Previous to setting out the tomato plants, and when the field is clear of vegetation of any kind, mix Paris green with bran moistened so that it will stick together in balls. A little molasses mixed with it will help it to stick and make it more attractive to the worms. Drop the balls at intervals over the field. The worms will find them and be poisoned. Or dip bunches of green clover in Paris green mixed in water, and drop these at intervals over the field. In this issue you will find an article dealing with the tomato crop in which you will 248 THE SOU'iHERN PLANTER. [April find our views on this fertilizer best suited to meet the needs of the crop. These so called "wolves" are one stage in the life historj^ of a fly which troubles cattle when flying about. They should be squeezed out of the hole, which will be found at the top of each cell, and be killed, and thus lessen the number of pests for another year. — Ed. Johnson Grass. Professor Massey strongly condemns Johnson grass and sustains his argument with the experiences of farm- ers residing in the cotton and sugar regions. Do you know any farmer residing north of Richmond, Va., who has experimented with this grass? Bulletin No. 11, on Johnson grass, of the United States Department of Ag riculture, throws no light on this inquiry, for the inves- tigations of its author, Mr. E. E. Ball, were confined to the States of Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas, and is therefore of no more weight for us farmers in Northern Virginia than bulletins devoted to cotton and sugar. We need a permanent pasturage grass, which will be to our lands what Blue grass is to my old home limestone farm in Ohio. Can you aid to that end? R S. Lacet. Alexandria Co., Va. We have heard of several farmers to the north of this city who have tried Johnson grass and are satis- fied with it. It makes a good growth, and, cut early enough, makes good hay. It is valuable as a pasture,, but should not be grazed too closely. It may be killed out by close grazing in this State and by exposing the roots to the winter's frost. Bermuda grass makes the best summer pasture of any grass we know of for the eastern and middle sections of this State, and Virginia Blue grass (Poa compressa) for the other sections. — Ed. Failure of Soil to Grow Crops— Insects in Seed. Please advise me in your next issue about the follow- ing: 1. I have a piece of land which I think is very rich and light, with clay subsoil, which makes a fine yield of collards, corn and snaps, but turnips and salad don't do so well. Salad comes very readily, but is a light, delicate green, and in spring after having been through the bad weather, it puts out very small, but with a very good flavor. 2. I used a piece of land for tomatoes which is very light and rich, with a slight sprinkling of clay and with clay subsoil, and after seeing that they did not make the yield they ought to do, as the vines grew fast enough, I tried nitrate of soda, a small quantity, and in a short while the vines became yellow, and showed signs of dying. This I do not attribute to the soda, as the same land did so on previous occasions. It brings snaps, butter beans, etc. I depend on stock manure, but tried the crops without manure, as I thought the land was in prime condition, having been manured for previous crops. 3. I kept snaps in hulls in a bag in a dry place for seed, but on looking over my seed the other day I dis- covered that they were full of insects. What must I do to get rid of these ? Chesterfield Co., Va. A Subsceibeb. 1. The failure of the land to grow turnips and salad would indicate that it is lacking in nitrogen and potash. We would apply 100 lbs. of muriate of potash and 100 lbs. of nitrate of soda and 500 lbs. of cotton seed meal to the acre. 2. We think if you had applied 100 or 150 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the acre on the tomato field that it would have had a good effect, that is, assuming the land to be as well supplied with fertility, as you suggest. It may be that this land also lacks potash as well as nitro- gen. It would be well to test this by applying muriate of potash to some part of it. 3. Put the seed snaps into a box and place a saucer full of bisulphide of carbon on the top of them and close up tightly, and this will destroy all insect life in them. Be careful to keep lights away from the bisul- phide, as it is very explosive. — Ed. Top-Dressing for Meadow — Fertilizer for Young Apple Trees 1. What makes the best top dressing for meadow? Would you harrow after making application? 2. What is the best fertilizer for young apple trees? Patrick Co., Va. R. S. Martin. 1. In our last issue in our article on "Work for the Month" you will find particulars of the fertilizer used by Mr. Clark in his most successful grass growing experiments. The fertilizers he uses we can endorse as being suitable. The quantity per acre we should much reduce, say to one-half, unless the land had been as per- fectly prepared as Mr. Clark's. In a series of experi- ments made at the Rhode Island Experiment Station, three plots of grass land have been tested with different top dressings for the last four years, with the following results : On each of the plots 130 lbs. of phosphoric acid per acre supplied by 807 lbs. of acid phosphate has been applied in each year. In 1899 and 1900 180 lbs. of muriate of potash was applied to each plot. In 1901 and 1902 200 and 300 lbs. of muriate of potash were applied, respectively. On plot 17 no nitrate of soda was applied, on plot 19 130 lbs. of nitrate of soda was applied per year, and on plot 21 414 lbs. of nitrate of soda was applied per year. The following are yields of field cured hay harvested in 1902 from these three plots thus top dressed : 1903.J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 249 Plot 17, without nitrate of eoda, but with the phosphoric acid and pot- ash mentioned above 2,950 lbs. per acre. Plot 19, with 138 lbs. nitrate of soda and the acid and potash mentioned above 4,850 Iba. per acre. Plot 21, with 414 lbs. nitrate of soda and the acid and potash mentioned above 8,200 lbs. per acre. 2. For the young orchard apply 250 lbs. of acid phos- phate and 150 lbs. muriate of potash per acre, and sow cow-peas to plow down in the fall and then follow with crimson clover or vetches for a winter cover — Ed. Lame Horse. I want some information about curbs on horses. My horse has a knot on both hind legs just below the knee joint. Can you recommend anything to cure same? Brunswick Co., Va. C. I. Mitchell. Firing is the best remedy for a long standing curb, and even this is not always effectual. The animal should have rest, and high-heeled shoes should be ap- plied. — Ed. Cow-Peas and Oats — Cow-Peas and Corn — Killing Persimmons. We of this section know but little about raising cow peas for hay or forage, and I am going to ask for some Information along that line. How would it do to sow peas, corn, and oats together about the 10th of May, to cut for hay when peas are ready, and, if advisable, how much of each should be sown ? Expect to put them in with a wheat drill and use small amount of fertilizer. Would you advise planting peas in the hill with com, where corn is to be cut by hand? You can say to your inquirer who wants to know how to get rid of his persimmon bushes that if he will cut them off even with the top of the ground during the months of January or February he will find it a sure way to get rid of them. This is best done when the ground is frozen, and it is claimed to be more suc- cessful if done at that time. This plan acts equally well with all other kinds of bushes. Fauquier Co., Va. W. L. Richards. Cow peas and com may be sown together in May, but we do not think that oats sown with them will be likely to make much growth. We think sorghum seeded with peas make a better hay than com. If put in with a drill, half a bushels of peas and a peck of sorghum will be sufficient. If com is planted with the peas, a peck will be suflBcient. The practice of planting cow peas in the hill with corn is being largely practiced in some sec- tions, and with good results. They are so planted even \yhen the com is to be cut with a machine. For filling the silo, this makes a most valuable crop, as the result ia a much better balanced ration for stock. For a fodder crop, they are excellent. Our Northern Virginia farm- ers should give more attention to cow peas and other forage crops. There is profit in growing them. The quicker maturing varieties of peas should be planted. — Ed. Lime — Nitrate ol Soda— Potash. . 1. How can we farmers get stone lime? 2. How apply it? How much to an acre? 3. Is it cheaper to buy stone lime by the barrel at 80 cents a barrel, or shell lime slacked at 6 cents a bushels ? 4. How do we get nitrate of soda and muriate of potash ? Chesterfield Co., Va. An Old Subscriber. 1. You will find stone lime advertised in The Planter by Reeves Catt. Write him for quotations delivered at your depot. He will, we think, give you a much bet- ter price than you name. 2. Apply from 15 to 25 bushels to the acre in the fall or early winter. Set the lime on the field in the stone in small lumps of less than half a bushel each. Throw half a bucket of water on each lump and then spread broadcast with a shovel. 3. We prefer the stone lime to the shell lime. A bushel of stone lime should slack out to 3 bushels. 4. You will find nitrate of soda and muriate of pot- ash advertised in The Planter by E. Mortimer & Co., New York. — Ed. Value of Milk Cow«. I have two graded milk cows that eat the same amount of food. One of them gives me 6 gallons of milk and 3| lbs. butter per day. It is firm, but white. The other cow gives me 5 gallons of milk and 2^ lbs. butter that is as yellow as gold. Which one is worth the most on the market or to breed from? Also state what you think they are worth, at a reasonable price. J. 0. Andrews. The one giving the most milk and making the most butter is the more valuable cow either to sell or breed from. The want of color in the butter can easily be remedied by a little butter coloring added to the cream before churning. We have used a little annato or the coloring matter from a good red carrot for this pur- pose. We could not undertake to place a value on cowa we have never seen. — Ed. Wood Ashes. I would like to know the constituent quantities of wood ashes. Berkley Co., S. C James Joyneh. A good sample of hardwood ashes (unleached) will analyze 5.25 per cent, potash, 34 per cent, lime, Mrith a small percentage of phosphoric acid. — Ed. 250 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April Trucking, Qarden and Orchard. WORK FOR THE MONTH. The remarkable burst of spring weather which has distinguished the month of March has set all vegeta- tion to growing, and is going to make the months of April and ]\Iay very busy ones in the garden and truck fields, as all the earliest crops now press for attention. Do not, however, be in too great haste to plow or work land, but wait until it is dry enough to crumble as it falls from the plow, and then it will warm up quickly and work freely all through the season, and clods will be conspicuous by their absence. Continue the work of getting out manure on to the land and apply with it the acid phosphate and potash which you intend to use, and then work the whole thoroughly into the land. These mineral fertilizers require time to become available, and they are so essential to the successful growth of vege- tables that their use is to be encouraged by all truckers and gardeners. Before planting any crops lay out a plan of the garden, and so apportion the land as that you may be able to have a continuous supply of vegetables for the table all through the season until frost cuts them off. Work the land as finely as possible, and then lay off the rows so that cultivation may be done by horse labor. Where this is not done, crops are frequently lost from lack of time to give the necessary hand labor to the work. by canvas or mats at night and during the cold season. Sweet potatoes may be bedded in the hot beds to pro- vide plants for setting out in May. In our last issue will be found instructions for making a hot bed. Strawberry beds should be worked out and the plants be encouraged to grow. If not looking thrifty a top dressing of nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. to the acre, should be applied. After working the beds and top dressing, apply between the rows a mulch of pine tags or trash, free from weed seed of any kind, to keep the berries clean. the our See that attention is given to the spraying of orchard, vineyard and small fruit plantation. In last issue will be found a spray calendar, giving full instructions on this subject. Irish potatoes and English peas, not already planted, should be gotten in at once, and those planted should be encouraged to grow by cultivation. Whilst the weather is so genial as to encourage the planting of full crops it should be borne in mind that it is yet too early for us to feel safe from frost, and, therefore, it will be wise not to put into the ground more than a small part of the crop except in those sections near the coast, where frost rarely does much injury after this time. The end of the month and the first half of May is soon enough to put in the full crop. Salads, lettuce, radishes, onions and successional crops of English peas may be sown. Onion sets may be planted and cabbage plants be set out if well hardened. Fall planted cabbages should be encouraged to grow by cultivation ,and after they have made a good start a top dressing of 100 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the acre will help them greatly. The seed of tomatoes, egg plant and peppers should be sown in gentle hot beds in frames, and as the plants become large enough to handle they should be trans- planted into cold frames or where they can be protected Clean up all trash from the lawn and flower garden and dig up the flower beds and give them a dressing of good, rich manure. Plants that have been kept in the house or in pits during the winter should now be exposed to the air on every fine day, and thus be hardened so that they may be ready to plant out in the beds next month. Send to the seedsman for a copy of his cata- logue, and make a selection of hardy flower seeds and plants. For a dollar or two enough can be bought to make a good sized garden gay with bloom all summer. Strive in this way to make the home beautiful and attractive. It will do more to keep the young people in the country than much advice. Imbue in them a love of nature and of nature's productions, and they will long more every day to spend their lives with these sur- roundings. TOMATO QROWINQ. During the past two years there has been a great de- velopment of the canning industry in Maryland and part of this State, and this seems likely to be still fur- ther developed this year. The result is that there is demand for information as to the raising of the tomato crop. For canning purposes the crop raised is the medium and late crop. The early crop is grown mainly to supply the markets with tomatoes for the table. The soil best adapted for the crop is a well drained, sandy loam, though it is not so essential that this should be the character of the soil where the crop is not required to be early. One having greater natural fertility and a stronger consistency will grow the crop 1903.J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 251 equally well, and produce more fruit if well drained and finely prepared. It should be free from weeds, and deeply and thoroughly broken and fined. The fertiliza- tion of the land may be either with farm yard manure or partly manure and partly commercial fertilizer, or solely with commercial fertilizer. If farm yard manure alone is used it ought to have been gotten on the land in the winter and be thoroughly worked in previous to planting, and a good shovelful of the best manure should be placed in each hill at the time of planting. Where manure and fertilizers are both used they are usually applied in the hill at the time of planting. This is gen- erally the most successful way. Where fertilizers only are used they should be applied part on the hill at the time of planting and part during the growth of the crop. The tomato is a plant that responds well to heavy manuring and fertilization. Experiments made at the New Jersey Station show that nitrate of soda is one of the best nitrogenous fertilizers for this crop, and that its used in small quantities, 160 lbs. per acre in one appli- cation, or in large quantities, 320 lbs. per acre in two applications increased the yield materially. Where the soil is poor naturally in plant food a fertilizer made up of 600 lbs. of acid phosphate, 300 lbs of muriate of potash and 500 lbs. of tankage or cotton seed meal should be applied at the rate of 500 lbs. to the acre pre- vious to setting out the plants and be well mixed in the soil. Then at the time of setting out the plants apply 100 lbs to the acre of nitrate of soda. This should be spread in small quantities around the hills, but not be allowed to touch the plants. Where nitrate of soda is used along with manure the manure should be applied in the hill, or be mixed with the soil, and the nitrate of soda be applied on the hills after setting out the plants. Acid phosphate and potash can be used with advantage along with manure, and should be worked with the soil. The plants should be set from 4 to 4r| feet apart each way, and should be sturdy, stocky plants, which should have been transplanted once or twice from the hot bed before being set out in the field. The seed for raising the plants should be sowed in a gentle hot bed in March or April, and the young plants should be transplanted as soon as they can be handled into a cold frame or on to beds where they can be protected with canvas or mats at night or in case of a cold season. Do not force the growth so as to make the plants spindling, but aim to use stout, stocky plants. When setting them out in the hills plant somewhat deeper than they stood in the plant beds, and this will increase the root growth. Cultiva- tion should begin as soon as the plants are set out, so as to lighten and freshen the soil, which will have been tramped dovm in the setting. Cultivate deep the first time, and afterwards shallow so as not to disturb the roots. Frequent cultivation is desirable to encourage rapid growth. The variety to be planted for canning purposes is very much a matter of local adaptability. The Stone, Paragon, Trophy and Perfection are good and reliable sorts. The yield per acre will vary from 5 to 10 tons, and sometimes goes as high as 20 tons. About 8 tons is considered an average crop in canning sections. NOTES ON VARIETIES OF APPLES AT THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIHENT STATION, BLACKSBURQ, VA. [Excerpt from Bulletin 130.] [Continued from March number, 1903.] YorTi Imperial (Johnson's Fine Winter;. — This is one of the best known of Virginia standard orchard fruits. It originated in Pennsylvania. The tree is a very vigorous grower, forming a rounded head, fairly compact, of excellent shape ; trank 30 inches in cir- cumference at base, 27 inches at head The tree de- velops in certain sitaations a grave weakness in re- gard to blight and of recent years this has very much damaged its standing as a commercial variety. Thus far It has not been possible to determine whether this peculiarity is more markedly developed on one soil than another. Here the firs' bloom was noted in 1893, and the first fruit in 1897; that year the trees bore a very fair crop of fruit for their size, of fine form, and free from dis- ease ; in 1899, the crop was light ; in 1901, the crop was iairly heavy, being an average of six bushels per tree. The fruit wag of fine character, about 70 per cent, first class. This crop is not at all heavy for the size of the trees, and in this characteristic the variety does not at present compare well with the productive- ness of Arkansas. The fruit of York Imperial, and also the quality, do not require a description in this State, but to our taste it is lower in quality than Ar- kansas. Whether this variety will continue to hold its place as one of our chief market sorts, is a question which must be considered in the gravest manner by growers, and we suggest that observation in every community ought in a measure guide planters. If it continues to show serious trouble from the blight, other more hardy varieties ought to take its place in the planting of commercial orchards. Grimes^ Golden. — This is an old variety of Virginia origin, and though well known as the standard of quality of distinctly dessert apples in America, it is not so commonly met with in our fruit plantations as its worth warrants. Here the tree is a good grower, quite healthy: forms an upright, moderately spread- ing top with well grown wood. The trunk measures 28 inches at base and 26 inches at head in circum- ference. This variety bloomed firet in 1893 and gave a few fruits in 1895, and a fair crop in 1897 and 1899 ; in 1901, the crop was much better, but was not measured. The past season it bore a light crop of fruit, though it was the off year. Up to the present, though the trees 252 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April are fine and large, they have never borne a heavy crop of frnit. The frait is mediam to large, round, oblong, a beaatifal golden yellow color when ripe. Qnality as to spiciness and high flavor, nnsnrpassed. No home orchard should be without this valuable variety, and as grown here, it has every qnality to warrant its shipment to market as a fine grade of boxed fruit. Boxbury. — A famous old variety of Massachusetts origin, but which is little grown at the South. The tree is a robust grower, forming a low spreading head, strikingly characteristic. The trunk measures 38 inches in citcnmference at base, and 22 at head. It has been entirely healthy at this place, free from blight and fungous diseases. First bloom was noted in 1895, and first frnit in 1897; in 1899, the trees bore a half bushel each, and in 1901. 2<^ bushels each. The fruit is of large size, round ish, oblate, with a distinctly characteristic russet skin, which plainly distinguishes it. In quality, it has a peculiarly fine flavor and aroma all its own, and is nn surpassed in this regard by any other American va- riety. In this regard, the Southern grown fruit seems to be superior to the Northern grown. We think that especially in the high mountain situation! of Virginia, this apple could be grown to perfection, and as it keeps well in cold storage, it might prove a desirable commercial sort. Smokehouse. — An ol«l variety of Pennsylvania origin, and widely known as one of the finest arftumn and early and winter varieties, especially for dessert and kitchen use. The tree is a vigorous grower, forming a well-shaped, spreading head. The trunk is 36 inches in circumference at base, and 31 at head. It is prac tlcally free from blight, and not overly susceptible to fungous diseases. First bloom was noted in 1893, and the first fruit in 1895; in 1897, the trees bore a full crop for their size, but in 1899 and in 1901, the crop was very light — only one bushel per tree^ Thus far the tree is a shy bearer in this situation. The fruit is roundish, oblate ; yel low color, spotted with crimson. The quality is ex oellent, and the fruit is fairly free from rot and scab. This variety has excellent qualities for the amateur and for the home orchard, but hardly to be com- mended as a commercial variety. Season, eaily win ter; here, autumn in all lower parts of Virginia. dons. — Since issuing Bulletin 128, we have a con siderable number of requests for Cions. So far as possible each year we will furnish a limited number of cuttings from the Station orchards to interested par ties who are willing to bear the expense of preparing and transportation of the same. Wm. B. Alwood, to it that the garden fence is made secure at once. It is too late this season to change the location or arrangement. The rush of spring work is now on in earnest, but the garden must not be neglected. If the grounds are enclosed by a good fence, and the rows of vegetables and fruits are made straight across the gar- den to permit of easy cultivation, many pleasant hours of healthful exercise can now be spent in it. To watch the flowers open and the plants grow after a spring shower is a rare treat to all lovers of nature. Take the boy into the garden and teach him how the diflEerent blooms fertilize themselves — teach him the meaning of color in flowers, why the most highly colored flowers are the least fragrant, why the white flowers are usually more fragrant, and why insects are attracted to flowers. Nature offers to teach us a thousand lessons now if we would only learn. All our work must not be for the dollar. Our greatest efforts should be to make better men and women. I never saw a good garden where an uneducated and unhappy family lived. The garden tells something about the family to the passer-by. What does it tell about you ? Bee. SO, 1902. Horticulturist. ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. Editor Southern Planter: The farm garden is too frequently a source of vexa- tion and annoyance to the farmer instead of pleasure and profit. This owing to a bad location, poor arrangement and an insecure fence, that permits fowls to get into the grounds and scratch up the plants and seeds. All these things can be easily prevented. See Plant some melons in the garden for the boy. If he can invite some of his playmates to his home some warm Sunday afternoon in August to help to eat a fine, red, luscious watermelon, grown by his own hand, and Just from the cool spring, he will be more contented to stay on the farm when grown up. Plant some Duke Jones watermelon seed and Ideal or Eockyford can- teloupe seed the last of this month. Use a shovel full of well-rotted manure thoroughly mixed with the soil of each hill before planting the seed. Now is the time to do some top grafting in the orch- ard. Nearly all orchards have some undesirable trees in them which may be made to bear good fruit by top grafting. While this fact is often realized still the grafting is usually put off and neglected in the great rush of spring work. Explain all the details of the operation to the bright farm boy, and he will usually attend to it in time. While teaching horticulture for ten years, I found no subject so fascinating to the young man as that of how to bud and graft. It was a marvelous thing to him to learn that by grafting the tree with small pieces and twigs from other trees that same tree could be made to bear early apples, late apples, red apples, yellow apples, &c. — infact, be a small orchard in itself. When I was a boy it always appeared to me that the nurseryman had a great secret in propagating and grow- ing so many nice young trees. How he did it appeared 1903. J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 253 a great mystery, and was past finding out by other peo- ple. I was never satisfied until I learned about this secret, and found what the mystery was. It was inter- esting to me to leam that there were many other young men who had the same desire. Just here let me state, parenthetically, that most nurserymen do have certain rules to follow in propagating particular kinds of fruit, which rules they find from their own experience are best. These particular rules are not published in the books, and the nurseryman does keep them "a secret" as much as possible. These special rules are for the professional nurseryman and not for the farmer. The first thing in successful top grafting is to have the scion, or piece of wood, you are to use in grafting, more dormant than the tree upon which the grafting is to be done, though grafting is successful sometimes after buds are swollen. I cut off the water sprouts that are the size of a lead pencil before the buds swell and bury them to hold them dormant till the buds on the tree I want to graft on begin to open. We call these sprouts, scions. Label them carefully. The next thing is to have good grafting wax. This you can make your- fielf. Melt together in a kettle, 2J lbs. of English rosin and € ounces of bees wax. Melt 9 ounces of tallow in another vessel. Then stir them while mixing together. Let the material partially cool and then work it like people do the old-fashioned home-made candy or "taffy." Use a little oil on the hands to keep the wax from sticking. You need a sharp, thin-bladed knife, and you are ready for the work. Limbs from one-half to one inch in diameter are about the right size to cut off and graft into the stubs, though much larger ones can be used. If so, insert a graft on each side. Use a thin, sharp implement for splitting the stub. Make the graft wedge-shaped to fit into the cut nicely. The bark must not be bruised. Now, the "great secret" in grafting is to make the inner bark (cambium) of the graft fit up closely with the inner bark of the tree or stock. When growth starts at these places union will soon take place. Put on the wax ■carefully to keep the water out, and the job is completed. It is best not to cut off all the limbs on the tree at one time, since one or two should be left to elaborate the sap till the grafts grow up. Later on I will have something to say about budding. Let the boy start a small nursery in the garden and plant peach seed, apple seed, plum seed and cherry seed for grafting and budding stocks. Remember this when "the seeds ripen. Make cuttings of grape vines and vears, he is still siring spep'^ and race horse quality. ^noAD Rock. 1903] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. niscellaneous. VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, AGRI- CULTURAL AND riERCHANICAL COLLEGE, BLACKSBURG, VA. The wonderful reputation which this most excellent institution has made during the last ten years under the direction of Dr. J. M. McBryde has resulted in such an •influx of students during the past five years that the facilities afforded by the existing buildings are more than exhausted, and class rooms and dormitories are so overcrowded as to render good work and discipline difficult. The youths of this State have learned to ap- preciate the fact that what they need in order to insure success in life is a practical technical education rather than a merely literary training. They see that it is the men who know how to do something rather than those who merely know how to say something who are the ones wanted and who succeed in life. They realize that it is the youth who has had a special technical training for his calling, be it as a farmer, as an engi- neer or as a scientist who is wanted by the makers of the destinies of the country. As a result of this knowl- edge they clamor for admission to the technical col- lege. Realizing this fact, and the impossibility of re- sponding to the demand without further help from the State, the Board of Visitors of the Polytechnic Institute are applying to the Legislature of Virginia for an ap- propriation of $140,000 to enable them to erect and fur- nish the required buildings and appliances, and for an annual grant of $40,000 to enable them to maintain the fabric of the institution, and keep it fully equipped with the necessary scientific equipment to enable it to give the training for which it was .instituted. Whilst realizing as fully as any one can do the necessity for keeping down the expenditure of the State and curbing all extravagance in order that she may be able to live within her' income and avoid an increase of taxation, we feel constrained to support the Board of Visitors in their appeal, and to ask our readers to urge upon their repre- sentatives in the Legislature to give favorable consider- ation to the appropriation asked. The farmers of the State are deeply concerned in this question. The Poly- technic Institution is the only one in the State where their sons can receive free of cost for tuition special training in scientific agriculture, horticulture and fruit growing, and the president of the college informs us that they are realizing this fact, and that the students in the Agricultural Department now more than utilize all the accommodation which the board have provided. Unless the appropriation asked for is made the college will have to refuse admission to any more students. It is a serious responsibility for the State to deny to its youth the opportunity of obtaining that training which is needed for success in life. We trust that the Legis- lature will realize this and make the appropriation, even though in order to do so it may have to deny some other appropriations which are being asked for. We think that the appropriation asked for the alteration of the Capitol ($200,000) might well be postponed in favor of that for the college. The Capitol and new Library Building has met the needs of the State for public offices up to this time, and we think they might well continue to do for some years to come. The claim of the Polytechnic Institute is for help which is urgently and immediately needed to prevent the necessity for denying admission to the youth of the State to the first rung of the ladder on which they may mount to success. Such a claim as this ought to have priority over every- thing but the absolutely essential needs of economical government. THE WASTING OF THE LANDS. Editor Southern Planter: I am encouraged by seeing that you put so much stress in your valued monthly on diversity of agricul- tural products, importance of live stock raising, grass, clover, peas, small grains, &c., as against too much cotton and other cleanhoed crops.. And in this connec- tion permit me to say that another ray of hope I have for our Piedmont sections is that the higher prices of meats, &c., coupled with the scarcity of farm labor, may soon lead or drive us hill-side farmers to adopt a more rational system of agriculture, one consistent with the topography of our country, and with the nature of our soil and climate. I mean practices which will tend to hold the sand and soil on the upland, where nature put it, and where it should be kept; for, doubtless, far more land in rolling regions is ruined by washing away than is impoverished by cropping. As a consequence of existing suicidal methods in many instances the beds of the streams are filled with sand, and the low-lands (formerly worth 5 times the upland, acre for acre) are in part, or totally abandoned, except possibly as cow pasture in dry summers. More and more timber is being cut each year, more land cleared and cultivated if possible, and mostly in such a way as to furnish more and more sand to cover up the bottoms. The question naturally arises: What will we or posterity do forty years hence if this kind of work goes on and increases as it has done in the last forty years? Isn't it high time to call a halt and take our bearings? Talk about draining your bottoms when tons and tons of sand come in with every heavy rain I Go back to your hills and set things right there first, 264 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April and give nature a chance ; she is as ready to restore as she is to waste, and more so. I have noticed that some streams having from 35 to 35 feet fall to the mile are almost constantly clogged with sand. On the other hand, the Illinois river runs 350 miles with only about 28 feet fall in that distance, and still remains a river. The different surrounding conditions and methods of working and cropping lands are the key to the true solution of this problem. I have watched with interest this trend of things for nearly forty years, and I must say that I deem it one of the biggest questions of the day, in a material way, and which must be grappled with in earnest, and the sooner the better. It means millions for weal or for woe. But I must desist. Go on, Mr. Editor, with your work of reform. Bowan Co., N. C. J. K. G. PROPERTY GONE IN SflOKE. Editor Southern Planter: Ever since the beginning the creation of property has employed intelligent people. Property has been the basis of support and arises from the hand of industry and economy. The marvelous waste of the products of labor by blind stupidity and recklessness, and the crimi- nal use of fire, has been a besetting frailty of the ages, but now challenges the attention of modern civilization. The effort has been to succeed by increased toil and study despite the ravages of fires, which have been tol- erated as a fatality. Intelligent thinkers consider con- flagrations with their horrors, the creatures of cause and responsibility. They are blows directed not only against individuals, but against society and the State, the body politic. In this age of intensive thinking and investi- gation, the rude and barbarous customs of the past must give place to common sense and improved methods by which immense savings may be accomplished and the general welfare promoted. That class of people with minds and dispositions "hos- tile to private accumulations and public prosperity must be dealt with and cared for by the government arms. Their number is small and can be diminished by suita- ble discipline, and fire-waste may be reduced to the un- avoidable minimum. It was a maxim at common law that an individual should suffer rather than the public be incommoded, but here the public suffers to indulge the base passion of the individual. The waste referred to in the February paper referred to the waste caused by forest fires. The lack of information in the census returns, and also on the part of the State on fire losses, is strange in view of the immensity and retarding in- fluence upon the property and the country, and the de- struction of life.. The Year Book, American Agriculturist, 1898, pp. 371-8, represents the fire losses in the United States from 1877 to 1896, inclusive, $3,337,000,000. In the State of Virginia for 31 years at $28,437,000. This appears to be insured property ; the uninsured should be added, and this would probably increase the loss in Vir- ginia to double. This data is obtained from "the great problems of 1898 insurance." It is astounding to see the lack of sagacity and practical financial acumen which has permitted this great grievance to run on. If committed by a foreign power it would long since have been declared a cause of war. Will the Assembly of Virginia take hold of this sub- ject before it adjourns, and inaugurate remedial meas- ures to be perfected as time shall suggest ? The burning can produce something besides persimmons, broom straw of institutions of charity, schools, the university, semi- naries, hotels, factories, towns, cities, private resi- dences, country homes and property, and not least, pre- cious lives, should command relief, if the ingenuity of man can devise it, increased revenue demands it. Turn attention to saving this waste to the relief of increased taxation. Augusta Co., Va. Pro. Bono Publico. A BIT OF EXPERIENCE IN FARMING IN VIRGINIA. Editor Southern Planter: Last October, twelve months ago (1901), I had on a small piece of ground corn, sweet potatoes and peas. That same month I sowed on that same piece one bushel of rye. The third week in the following April (1902), I began to cut it for feeding. The first crop was heavy ; three weeks afterwards I cut the second crop, very fair;, several weeks after this I cut for the third time a thin but well matured crop. In June I broke the ground with a one-horse plow and sowed peas and planted sweet potatoes, both of these crops doing well. I plowed the vines under the first of October, and seeded to rye again, this being the sixth crop put on the same land in one year. If any brother can beat this I would like to hear from him. I write this to show you that "Old Fluvanna" and pretty girls. Fluvanna Co., Va. S. E. Bbalb^ CONFEDERATE BAZAAR APRIL 15, 19o3, RICH- MOND. VA. All over the South we have placed monuments to our private soldiers and sailors and their great com- manders. It now remains for the capital of the Confederacy to crown the whole by raising one to our first, our last, ova only President, the head of our civil government — a government as wonderful as it was brief. We owe this duty to ourselves, and to our children,, that they may realize what a sublime record was made for them in history. The whole South unites in this loving tribute to the men who died to uphold that gov- ernment, and to those who, with no less devotion, steered the Ship of State. What have you done to help us? What will you do to complete the work? We ask both your influence, and your sympathy, that we may build a monument worthy of our people and their deathless past. This movement is endorsed by the United Confed- erate Veterans and the Daughters of the Confederacy. 1903] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 265 THE Southern Planter PUBLISHED BY IIE SOeTBERN PLANTER PDBLISHIN6 COIP'T, BIOHKOND, VA. IsaUBD ON IST OF EACH MoNTH. J. F. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, BCBINBSS MANAGKB. TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. Rate card famished on application. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Tbe Sontbern Planter Is mailed to sab- • Jribers In the United States and Canada at 60 J. per annum ; all foreign countries and the <3 ty of Richmond, 75c. Kemlttanoes should be made direct to this Office, either by Registered Letter or Money Order, which will be at our risk. When made otherwise we cannot be responsible. We invite Farmers to write us on any •crlcultnral topic. We are always pleased to r«oelve practical articles. Criticism of Artl- ClM, Suggestions How to Improve Thb FiiANTBB, Descriptions of New Grains, Roots, or Vegetables not generally fcnown, Partlcu- lara of Experiments Tried, or Improved Methods of Cultivation are each and aU wel- eome. Contributions sent us must not be fur- Blahed other papers until after they have ap- Bwured In our columns. Rejected matter wul •• returned on receipt of postage, Alwava glre tlie ITame of the Post Office to which your paper is sent. Your name can- aot b« found on our books unless this is done. ■■beeribers fEtiUng to receive their paper Momptly and regularly, will confer a Ca.vor •T reimiUng the fact at once. Tbe Date on j-onr Label shows to what time your subscription Is paid. Wo anonymoaa communications or en ^[■Irles will receive attention. Address- THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. KIOHMOMO. VA. Detail Index to Enquirer's Column. 8oja Beans. 246 Fertilizer — Composition of Fertil- izers 246 Sorghum and Midet — Plowing for Wheat 247 Grass for Name 247 Blight on Apple Trees 247 Corn Fertilizer 247 Seeding Cri 33.son Clover and Vetch... 247 Cut Worms and Tomatoes — Fertilizer for Tomatoes— Grubs in Backs of Cattle 247 Johnson Grass 248 Failure of Soil to Grow Crops — In- sects in Seed 248 Top-Dressing for Meadow — Fertilizer for Young Apple Tress 248 Lame Horse 249 Cow-Peas and Oats— Cow-Peas and Corn — Killing Persimmons 249 Lime— Nitrate of Soda— Potash 249 Value of Milk Cows 249 Wood Ashes 249 PUBLISHER'S NOTES. TO ADVERTISERS. All advertisementB aud matter pertaining to advertising must Teach us by tlie 25th of each month, please bear this in mind. To Subscribers. The seasoQ for subscribing to journals is fast drawing to a close. Work on the farm is beginning to tax the time and energies of the farmer to keep up with it, and little opportunity will now offer for inducing your friends to become readers of The Southern Planter. We would, however, ask our friends to avail them- selves of what time they can spare to give us yet another lift. Most farmers find time to attend the April Courts, as they have gener- ally supplies of some kind to pro- cure or have stock to sell or buy. When starting out for court, put your copy of The Southern Planter in your pocket, and when an opportunity offers bring it to the notice of your friends, and secure us a few subscribers. This you can easily do, and at the same time benefit yourself by se curing the terms which we offer to old subscribers who send us in two or more new names with the money for them. We have had a most successful subscription season so far, having within the past three months secured more new subscri- bers than ever before in the same time. We want, however, to add yet more to the list, and you can help us to do so. Will you try? We feel that it is not necessary for us to say one word in commen- dation of the journal. The thou sands who read it and send us tes timonials, unasked, £S to its help- fulness to them, emphasize this point better and more disinter- estedly than we can do. A Neat BINDER for your back nnm- ben can be had for 25 cents. Addrees the Baeineea Office. WOOD'S SEEDS. Cow Peas iLvm Soja Beans WRITE FOR PRICES. We have issued two special circulars entitled, "Soja Beans vs. Corn," and "Cow Peas, The Clover of the South," which we will mail free to parties in- terested, upon request. 7". W. WOOD & SONS, Seedsmen, Richmond, Va. Spring Samples FREE Fine Suitings wii/i tape ineasure and self meastirenie^it blank. You Save a^ half by Buying Direct from the Mill. Suits guaranteed one year. Tailor made or ready made— equal to $20.00 suits — our prices are STYLISH SUITS $7.50 and $10. We buy raw wool and do all the rest under one roof, selling you these tine all wool suits direct. We call special attention to three facts: These suits have all liand shrunk collars, hand made buttonholes, padded shoul- ders. We invite comparison of our suils with suits costing $18.00 to $i5.uu that are sold in the usu:il way. Every garment bears our lahpl and is guarnnte.edfor one yrar. Men'sall wool and worsted trousers 82, S2.60and $3. Ilandsonielymade and trimmed. Wenavethe clieapest,i^;o«(7fs^and best all-wool boysoloth- int?. Also cloth by yard or piece and ladies' suit- ings and skirtings. Write to-day for samples, Ac. GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS, Somerville, N.J. CRONK'S Improved Staple Puller IS AT THE FRONT. Ask your dealer to show it Three wire cutters, two hammers, two splicing clamps— all In one tool A Staple Puller th it will pull staples when no other make will. A cutterthat will reach wire when the button cutler will not. One day's use will save the cost ot it. *l.t>u, postage paid CKONK& CAKKlEKMFCi.CO., jilmira,N. X. 266 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April WITH THE ADVERTISERS. The Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., of South Bend, Ind., send us a very beautiful poster, showing a photo- graphic reproduction of the original log cabin and blacksmith shop, which was the beginning of their mammoth enterprise, which is also shown. The lesson of the wonderful progress made by this firm is forcibly presented. The Granite Poultry Yards are of- fering eggs from fine laying strains of Barred Plymouth Rocks and Sil- ver Laced Wyandottes. "The Cultivation and Storing of Sweet Potatoes," is the subject of a little pamphlet advertised for sale by Bryan Tyson in this issue. T. W. Jarman reports that business is good in Pit Games, as a result of his advertising with us. Hawkins and other fine strains of poultry are advertised by the Oak- land Poultry Farm, Ruffin, N. C. A. S. Craven is also advertising Pit Games elsewhere in this issue. Baker's Jack Farm, Lawrence, Ind., Issues a little pamphlet, containing 20 reasons why a farmer should raise mules. He will send it free on ap- plication. S. P. Yoder is advertising Silver Laced Wyandottes in another column. He claims the Golden Rule for his motto. The Onstad Chemical Co. is adver- tising its well-known Lumpy Jaw Cap- sules in this issue. This company will gladly mail a circular, giving tes- timonials as to the merits of this preparation. Note the advertisement of the Cas- talia Herefords in this issue. Some splendid stock is offered. CATARRH CANNOT BE CURED with LOCAL APPLICATIONS, as they cannot reach the seat of the disease. Ca- tarrh is a blood or constitutional disease, and in order to cure it you must take in- ternal remedies. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, and acts directly on the blood and mucous surfaces. Hall's Ca- tarrh Cure is not a quack medicine. It was prescribed by one of the best physi- cians in this country for years, and is a r^ular prescription. It is composed of the best tonics known, combined with the best blood purifiers, acting directly on the mucous sunaces. The perfect combi- nation of the two ingredients is what produces such wonderful results in curing Catarrh. Send for testimonials, free. F. J. CHENEY, & CO., Props., Toledo, 0. Sold by druggists, price 75c. Hall's Family Fills are the beet. rt€ THE FARMER WITH AN EYE r^fe FOR ?^ PURCHASES the McCormick whenever he wants a binder, reaper, mower, rake, corn binder, husker and shredder, or other harvesting machine, because he prefers machines that meet his require- ments — machines that give him satisfaction — machines that are worth every dollar that he pays fer them. !t will help your farming business to read the McCormick book, "A MODEL MACHINE." which is mailed free. ^ W. K. BACHE, General Agent for McCormick Machines, Richmond, Va. $}) ORDER AND SEE THAT VOU QBT Pasteur Black Leg Vaccine If not obtainable from dealers, refuse substitutes and wire your order to us. Over 20,000,000 calves successfully vaccinated with the original Vaccine during the last eighteen years. Powder form and Cord form both for Single and Double treatment. PASTEUR VACCINE COMPANY, Ld., CHICAQO - NEW YORK, - FT. WORTH = SAN FRANCISCO. Save Time, Labor and Money 5i;:e%*'S2,»fi{Xu?''o:r This No. S FemisrlTaiito Threiher and Cleaner and Roller Bearing LoTel Tread Power Is the best i ndlvidual outfit forthreshingr rye, barley, Mti, flax. rice, ftUftira,mlll«t.aorgbum. dmotbj, «to. Wllltbrcib and •iMulOOtolM boihtU o f wbeat par uj. Also mftde In tvo and thrM h otM lUes. Power md be used forenttlzigeiulUgeftnddrj feed^ehelUDgftUklndiofgraln, tonmtkeHw.pwn bone entter, pump water, Mpanta ere«n,«bom, eie. Also m»k* lerer powen, Feod and Ki^ riliC>Oiittara,Grtpdw\g>w*^c °^ high-class vegetable seeds for truckers and ViCIl UtCIIICI O large market growers. It contains all sorts of approved merit. J. M. THORBURN & CO., 36 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK. m ^^^^ ^ y^'-^A THE HATCHING INSTINCT. Petaluma Incubator. The machine that adapts I Nature's requirements | and for years has been turning all fertile eggs into strong, vigorous chicks, is the Known everywhere by its works. Case of non-shrinking redwood, heaters of copper, self- 1 ventilating, self-'-egulating. Devices the most sensitive and depe.. Jal le. Supplies moisture j for dry climates. Used all over U. S. with great export demand. I'ct nluma Broodem I have no superiors. Fair prices and freight paid all over U.S. Write for latest free catalogue \ PETALUMA INCUBATOR CO., Box 46, Petaloma, Cat., or Box 46, Indiaaapolis.lad. ^ INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER. > Thousands of these Incubators are In successful operation In the United States, Canada^ South Africa, New Zeal and, Sweeden, England, Holland, and Germany. TheseTmachlnes operate to perfec- tion and always bring off a large brood of strong, healthy chicks. Catalogue with full particulars free for the asking. The Standabd F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. B, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A. When corresponding with advertisers, always mention that you saw their advertisement in the Southern Planter. ■2()8 IHE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April Profitable Planting always results where a Keystone Com rianter la iisial. Drops tlie kernels in lull or drills any distance apart and sows anyki.d of pulverized fertilizer witli utmost satisfaction. Works well in any kind of soil. Does not crack the yrain and ijlants beans, peas, etc. Irame is steel, niakinn a durable machine which is a pleasure to use. i ou'll never regret the purchase of a Fatquhar Keystone Cotn Planter A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Ltd., York, Pa. / Send for free illustrated catalogue of farm implements ana ii machinery. Corn Planting must be well and carefully done, as the fu ' ire crop depends upon it. For all purposes, in any soil, on all kinds of ground nothing equals the SPAHGLER CORN PLANTER. It saves time, labor, money and Insures the crop. vYou know when it is working ; you can see the corn on its way to the ground. Made with or without fertilizer Bttaehment. New device for sowing peas, boiins, ensi- lage, corn, etc. WealaomakethefamousSpangler Low. Down Grain and Fertilizer Drill. Wrile for Ciital.^^ aud circ. SPANGLER WAHUFACTURIH6 CO., 5DI0:een St., York, Pa, UCMf^U'C^ 20th nCHUn V Century Steel Ball Coupling Cultivator With DouDle Row Corn Planter and Fertilizer Attachment Complete on One Machine. Parollel beam move- ment, pi V oted axle, with I lateral beiim iiiove- mentin connection with the movable Hpiiidle»i, or either independent of eacli other. Centre lever for gprcudlnc and c I o B i n e shovel g:iiiBa. The most Ciiupli-te cultivator on the market, hin'ing every possible movement of the shovel gaiigy. The HENCH & DROMGOLD CO. Mfrs., York, Pa. Order immediately and introduce them for uext season. Butler Cart 'Lntirely Nclv Departure. Indispe jsable to Tar- mer, Gardeuer, Dairy- man or Merchant. J9jg~Steel wheels and frame; sideboards re- movable; carries 500 pounds. Tips lorwiird and pickd up a ■irrrl or heavy article »ame as warehouse truck. No heavy First orders from new territory se- cures agency if de- sired. Roderick Lean Mfg. Co. MANSFIELD, O. it very valuable — more so than a weeder without this feature, inasmuch as the different adjustments of widths permit it to be used for more varied purposes, such as fining and leveling unplanted acres and dragging and loos- ening the surfaces of grain fields, meadows, etc., as well as between rows, not only as a weed exterminator, but as a shallow cultivator. The ab- sence of shafts make the weeder less cumbersome and enables the operator to work close to the fence. It has a wheel at its front which secures steady and smooth motion, which wheel, by a very simple device, can be made stationery or swivel. As heretofore, round or flat teeth are sup- plied on this weeder. For the infor- mation of our readers, we would say that the manufacturers of the "Key- stone Adjustable" have been licensed by the Hallock Weeder Co. to use a flat tooth covered by their patent, 600,- 782. If interested in weeders, write the Keystone Farm Machine Co., York, Pa., for a little booklet they are dis- tributing. Kindly mention this paper in writing. MAGAZINES. Of high importance among the mag- azine articles of the month is "The Restoration of the White House," written for the April Century by Chas. Moore, clerk of the Senate Committee of the District of Columbia, whose accounts of "The Improvement of Washington City" appeared in the Century for February and March last year. Mr. Moore tells in detail the story of the President's house, its first plans, its occasional remodeling, and all the design and accomplish- ment of the present restoration, an event full of interest to every Amer- ican. In illustrating the article the Century has employed its best illus- trative resources. The exterior draw- ings by Jules Guerin and the interior by Alfred Brennan, bring out the in- tention of the architects to a remark- able degree. The frontispiece of the number is a picture by Jules Guerin of the new East Entrance on the oc- casion of an evening reception. Mr. Brennan has made, among other pic- tures, double drawings of the new State Dining Room and of the new Blue Room. Miss Cecilia Beaux's portrait of Mrs. Roosevelt (with her daughter Ethel) is published for the first time. Ray Stannard Baker follows up his general view of the Great Northwest in the March Century with detailed description in the April number of "Butte City, greatest of copper camps." "Few American towns," he says, "arouse a keener interest in the stranger at first glimpse than Butte City"; and most readers are likely to be surprised, if not thrilled, by the figures proving Butte City's claim to its high rank among the country's great wealth producers. In 1790 be- liGET A GOOD [WIND MILL Don't buy a poor wind mill. Don't pay a double price. Send direct to our factory for cata'ogue of the FreeniaLrv Steel Wind Mills and four post angle steel towers. A complete line of pumping and power mills of the highest grade at extreme- ly low prices. We can save you money on a ^oorf article. S. Freeman y . ny other manufacturer. Our wonderful offers will surprise you. "VVeuse the best ^material and guarantee ever>- "iri^ for 2 years. If tlie bupgy you ' uy from us is not better in ery way than you can get elsewhere then return it and Arubber tire tup buggy. $45.00. — 145 other equally big values- Cut out this ad, send itto us and we will mail you catalog free, MARVIN SMITH CO., Chicago, Illinois. PAY US NO MONEY. Tile "Weber Junior" Pumper' Ouiblso bens<^d for other purpoi Is aU eomplttte, ready to 8^ tacb to pump. Equals 30 mea pump iug water. I Uses but little gas- oline. Is shipped cr&t«d eompletely I „ erected, %U connec- tions made. Easy to ftart, any lone can operate it. Every [ono guaranteed. Other sizes lup to 50 H. P. Send for cat- jalog. Weber Gas & Gas.i'': \ ■*^ Engine Co., Box 128 Kansaa City v lATEST (Newton's Every Dehomer _ Guaranteed THOUSANDS IN USE. tbeiD Of DItOATint, UA. Ask Touf lutrdware 'dealer tot tbeiD or write .■Limr ZOWX MFG. CO.. • gan the taking of the country's first census. Taking the census of these United States even then was not an easy task. To-day; in spite of all the help of modern mechanical invention, to secure the necessary decennial snap shot of the nation is a herculean un- dertaking. "The Evolution of Amer- ican Census-Taking" is discussed in the April Century by no less an au- thority than the director of the census himself, the Honorable W. R. Merriam. There is another of "The Great Busi- ness Combinations of To-Day" series, J. D. Kelley, Commander United States Navy, telling the story of "The So-Ca.iCd Steamship Trust." "A Pic- turesque Politician of Jefferson's Time," by J. Fairfax McLaughlin, re- counts incidents in the life of Colo- nel Matthew Lyon. Francis E. Leupp's "Some More Humors of Con- gress" throws amusing sidelights on that august body, and should prove a mine for all who want another good story to tell. Topics of the Times discuss "The Restored White House," "Shocks to National rride," and "The Genial in Literature;" and the other departments are not lacking. The leading article in the April- June Forum is a review of "American Politics" by Henry Litchfield West, who deals particularly with the legis- lation of the last Congress, the fight on the Statehood Bill, the suggested nominations for the next Presidency, and the appointment of colored men to Federal offices. A. Maurice Low dis- cusses the most important "Foreign Affairs" of the quarter, with special reference to the revival of the Eastern Question and to the internal and ex- ternal politics of Germany. Alexan- der D. Noyes treats of the events and tendencies of the same period in the world of "Finance." Recent progress in "Applied Science," especially in en- gineering, is described by Henry Har- rison Suplee. Literature is repre- 'sented by a review of Sidney Lee's "Life of Queen Victoria," contributed by Prof. W. P. Trent. Under the heading of "Music," Joseph Sohn sets forth the "Lessons of the Operatic Season." A paper on "The Educa- tional Outlook" is contributed by Os- sian H. Lang. Dr. J. M. Rice's "Edu- cational Research" for the current quarter takes the form of a discussion, based on his investigations in public schools, of the respective importance of talent and training in teaching. The special articles concluding the present number are "The Present Estimate of the Value of Human Life," by Prof. Rudolf Eucken, of Jena, "The Scope of a Permanent Tariff Commission," by Albert H. W^ashburn, and "A Ramb- ling Discourse on Submarine Naviga- tion," by Comdr. F. M. Barber, U. S. N., retired. it will be diflBcult to find a more attractive magazine for the entire household than the April "Success," Wise Man's Wagon. Tho man who has had experience ia running a vvacon knows that it is thd wheels that determine the life of the waw'on itself. Our ELECTRIC w'.V^ have (jivena lifwleiiseof life to tliousands of old wagons, ] hey can lie had in any desired liel(tl>t.and any width of tiie up to 8 inches. With a set of these wheels you cnii in a lew minntes have either a high or a low down wot'on. The Eleeirle Handy Wasron 13 made by skilled workmen, of best select- ed inaierial— white hicitory axles, steel wheels, steel hounds, etc. Guaianteed to carry dOOO lbs. Here Is the wa roil that will save money for yon, as It lasts almost foiever. Oiircitalog describinp; the uses of these wheils and wasfonsscnt free Uiitefont. ELECTRIC W HEEL CO., BOX H6 QUINCV. ILLINOIS. WE'LL PAY THE FREICH t and Bind 4 Bnggj Wheels, Steal Tire en, . $7.S6 With Bubbar Tire., $1&.U0. I mfg. vkeels ^ lo i in. tread. Top Bag^ea, (28,75; Harness, $3,60. Write fol catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and pans fiiri'Ot Wagon Umbrella FREE. W. T. BOOB, Cincinnati, 0. BOSTROM'» IMPROVED FARM LEVEL Pat d 1902. v*ITH AND WITHOUT TELESCOPE Is no MAKESHIFT, but the best one made for Terracing, Ditching and Drainage. Price $S and $10, including Tripod and Rod. Send for descriptive circulars and Treatise on Ter- racing, etc.. Free, Bostrom, Brady Afg. Co.. Sl}^ W. Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga, STEEL ROOFING Strictly new, perfect, Semi-Hardened Steel Sheets, 2 feet wide, 6 teet long. The best RnoriDg^, Sldlnc: or Coiling- yon ean nse. Noexpeiieuce necessary to lay it. An ordinary hammer or hatchet the only tools you need. We furnish nails free and paint roofing two sides. Comes either flat, corrugated or "V" crimped. $2.00 PER SQUARE, A square means lOO square feet. Write for free Oatali^ue !««, on Farm supplies of evcrr kind. CIUCAOO IHtrSE WBECKIiNU CO., ■'^* ^^th & Iron Sis., Chicago Announcement ■We have obtained the Court's deeree against two additional iiiaimliKdnrerswlio have been infring- ing our patent. The rule of law is : "The maker, seller or user of an Infringing device are all liable in damages to the owner of the patent infringed." Tlie .lanesville IMachine Co. and the Keystone 1 arm IMaehine Co. are the only Hmis licensed to use a fiat tuoth rovered by our jiatent, and we finally warn sellers ami usei's of all other makes. So admirably havelhe6ic. per lb. ; barrels, 425 lbs., at 3Vo. Large quantitlM, special rates. Send for circular. JAMES GOOD. 939-41 N. Front St., Philadelphia, m. LIME AGRICULTURAL and BUILDERS' Send for Circulars and Price-List. FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS REEVES CATT, Agent, Bodley, Augusta County, Va. FRAZER € ILxle Grease t^^a. ' Its wearing qoalitles are nnsarpassed, tto- ' tnallyoutlastinK 8 bxs. any other brand, < Not afieoted by heat. 4V0«t tha flanulna. I FOR SAIiE BY AIiI< DEALERS. 1903.J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 271 mn taldioquf fret J MANIOVEOAFE CO 272 HURON ST CHICAGO. IlL. Order Now. It Is daugeroua to wait until the flowers have pistils and the b ulrusbesout and tbe grass springs up. YOU OUGHT TO KNOW BETTER About tbe B. B. Stays. They make a cheap strong fence with barb or coil wire. Easily bandied as nails, self locking, can't slip, and no machine necessary. Xbey are made of heavy, hard wire, and won't wlit down. Try a basketful to stiflten the old fencing (barb or woven wire), and you will use nothing else to build new fence. We sell coll wire too. jhe b. B. FENCE CO., 14th and Clark Sis., Racine, Wis. TATZRE FENCE Heavy lateral wires, heavy bard steel stays oolled spring wire, Sure Grip lock. In strength. Appearance, and durability, the Hard Steel oannot be excelled. Write for catalogue and prloes. THE HARD STEEL WIRE FENCE CO . Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio Barbed & Smooth Wire Write for our prices on 3 and 4 point Barbed Wire, painted and sraivanized ; also, 65,000 pounds Smooth Galvanized Wire Shorts <3au(res. 10, 11. 12. 13 and U; Prices from $1.50 to $1.75 per hundred. Write for Catalogue No. 166 CHICAGO HOUSE WREiCKING CO. West 35th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO. Gequiqe Spiral Spriqg Wire FENCES AND GATES If your dealer does not tiave our goods in stock you can buy direct at Manufacturers' Price. Write for Catalogue and secure agency. INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO. Columbust Ohio. PRICE CATCHES TRADE, but oar quality holds it year after year after year. PA«E KOVKN WlltKFKNCt';CO.,AimiA!i,MICH. uL^^&^Liw^LAWN FENCE ■I -"^'^'^^^^^ ■ ' - Many designB. Cheap ii wood. 32 page Cataloerv free. BpeelftlPrle««toCeBe« UrlesAsdChnrehttt. Addreat COILED SFRIN6 FK5CK CO. Box Q,, Vriiiehe«tera lad. ■old i'»»»;l \(iit!yjl ^^ ©HS^K^^f?©®:^ Spring / INDIAflA_STEEL&WIRE CO. BOX -^ FENCE!; SIROMCEn MtAOE. Bon ««ltt. BoldtothaFanBoratWlMlMd* MKrWunatc*. Catel«cVk*». Mmb BPUia mci o«_ serious but for the sister. It is called "A Fiance In Triplicate." Much information timed exactly to the planting season is to be found in a paper by Eben E. Rexford on "Next Summer's Garden." Mr. Rexford speaks with authority and his sug- gestions are thus most valuable. REPORTS. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Bureau of Animal Industry. Circular 39. The Water Content of Creamery Butter. Office of Experiment Stations. Ex- periment Station Record. Vol. XIV., No. VII. Public Road Inquiries. Bulletin 23. Road Conventions in the Southern States. Bulletin 24. Proceedings of the North Carolina Good Roads Con- vention. Bulletin 25. Proceedings of the Jefferson Memorial and Inter- state Good Roads Convention. Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat- tan, Kan. Bulletin 116. De- stroying Prairie Dogs and Pocket Gophers. Kentucky Experiment Station, Lex- ington, Ky. Bulletin 103. Hes- sian Fly Experiments. Bulletin 104. Commercial Fertili- zers. Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, La. Bulletin 73. Analyses of Commercial Fertilizers and Pa- ris Green. Maryland Experiment Station, College Park, Md. College Quarterly. Fertilizer Experiments Missouri Experiment Station, Colum- bia, Mo. Bulletin 58. Feeding the Dairy Cow. Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin- coln, Neb. Bulletin 78. Macaroni wheats. Press bulletin 18. Pig feeding ex- periments. New Mexico Experiment Station, Mesilla Park, New Mexico. Bulle- tin 75. Pumping for Irrigation. New York Experiment Station, Gen- eva, N. Y. Bulletin 228. Popular Edition. Spraying for San Jose Scale with Lime, Sulphur, Salt and other washes. Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, 0. Press bulletin 248. Fruit list. South Dakota Experiment Station, Brookings, South Dakota. Bul- letin 75. Treatment of Smuts and Rusts. Bulletin 77. Macaroni Wheat in South Dakota. Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, Va. Annual summary, 1902. Report for February, 1903. West Indian bulletin Agricultural De- partment, Bridgetown, Barbadoes. Vol. Ill, No. 4. Scale Insects. Sorghum Poisoning, etc. Mention th<) Smiihem Planter when writing adyertiserB. of Cotton on the same land with the same labor which now makes one. Nitrate of Soda fed to growing crops at the right time repays its cost many- times over. Our Bulletin, written by men who know be- cause they have tested it, tells what planters may do. It Is sentyV^ir to all interested. Send name on Post Card. WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director. 12 John Street, New York. FOR SALE. 1 FIVE-HORSE FRIGK MOUNTED ENGINE, 1 24-ln. EMPIRE THRESHER. LOUIS F. BREWER, 1422 Main St., Richmond, Va. WHO WANTS A BARGAIN? I No 2, KEMP'S MANURE SPREADER Practical. y new. Used one season only. In perfect working shape, for 880. Write to-day, you might miss It. W. M. WATKINS ^ East Main Street, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. Wr PiV (9fi I WEFir And expenses to men lie r«l #£0 ■ mZX.K .^^ rlgg to introdao* Ponltry Oompoond. INTERNATIONAL M'F'a. CO., Partem. Kan. 272 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April P^^^ Are Reliable Seeds The best crops come from seees that are prown In sections be?t suited to tht-ir proper develop- ment, iu the North, South, East and West. This is our special business. A Large Crop Is dependent upon the chara^^ter of the seed you sovr. We can please you. Everything for the Garden and Field. Prices right tor choice stock. Full andeompletelineot Farm, Garden, Dairy and Poultry Supplies. Write for new catalog No, 10, free, Hanc^somer than ever; contains raach Inform- ation. All Farmers and Gardeners should have it. GRIFFITH & TURNER COMPANY, 208 N. Paca Street, Baltimore, Maryland. RELIABLE Selected Seed Corns, Sweet and Irish Potatoes, and all varieties of Field and Gar- den Seeds. D;GGS & BEADLES, Seedsmen, 1711 E. Franklin St.. RICHMOND, - VIRGINIA. Catalogue mailed FREE. ELMWOOD NURSERIES. ASPARAGUS 100,000 2-yr -old Asparagus roots, 5 varieties A special rate of $3-50 per 1000 for 2 mos- for BARB'S, PALMETTO, CONOVER. APPLES A large general assortment, in eluding WINESAPS and YORK IMPERIALS. Splendid Assortment o1 Ornamental, Shade and Fruit Trees. from B. P. Recks, Light Biahmas, Brown Leg- horns at $1 00 per 13. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE J. B. WATKINS & BRO.. Hallsboro, Va BOOKS. A Manual of Goat Raising, with a Chapter on Milch Goats, by Geo. F. Thompson. Bureau of Animal In- dustry. Published by the Ameri- can Sheep Breeder, Chicago, 111. Price, $1.00. This is a book of 236 pages, con- taining the fullest information on An- gora and other breeds of Goats, and will be found of great service to those keeping or contemplating keeping Goats. We can supply the book at the publisher's price. ■ ■ ■ ■■ I Bacteria in Milk and its Products. Designed for the use of students in dairying, and for all others con- cerned in the handling of Milk, But- ter or Cheese. By Dr. H. W. Conn. Illustrated. Published by P. Blakis- ton's Son & Co., Philadelphia. Price, $1.25. This is a book of 300 pages, giving full information on the subject upon which it treats, and will be found of great service to those handling milk, butter or cheese, enabling them to guard against and control the in- fluence of bacteria, influencing the flavor of milk, butter or cheese. Improved Golden Dent. Kara measur- ing from 10 to 14 locheB In length. ■ Price, $1.1)0 pertoushel, Ji F. DURREltE, BIrdwood. Alemarle Oo.,Va. The Book of Corn. A complete treatise on the culture, marketing and uses of maize in Amer- ica and elsewhere, for farmers, deal- ers, manufacturers and others. A comprehensive manual on the produc- tion, sale, use and commerce of the world's greatest cereal, prepared under the direction of Herbert Myrick by the most capable specialists in Amer- ica and Europe. King Corn is to have still larger prosperity in the fu- ture. This is true not only of the grain, but of the whole plant. Maize is the most important cereal grown, yet in spite of the overshadowing im- portance of this crop, practically no book worthy of the subject exists. Re- cent improvements in all methods per- taining to raising, harvesting and utilizing corn certainly warrant a book that shall be the standard au- thority on this subject at home and abroad for years to come. The Book of Corn supplies this want. The writers are practical, scientific and commercial experts — each the master of his subject, from every standpoint, making this work of in- dispensable utility to every one inter- ested in this crop. While authori- tative both as a practical manual and scientific treatise, "The Book of Corn" is strong and accurate on the commer- cial or business aspects of this great industry. A system of blanks by which growers can keep an accurate account of every item of expense in raising, harvesting and selling corn is an additional feature that makes this book constantly used and referred to by corn growers everywhere. Richly illustrated, 5x7 inches, about !»■ ■ B MJ SRAPE^W! per Greatest, Cheapest Food on Earth for Sheep, Swine, Cattle, etci ^Ml he worth $100 to you to read what Salzcr's catalo g says gljou t rape. Cillion Dollar Grass Tvill positively malte yoa rich; 12 ions of h:iy nndlots of pasture per acre, bo III o itromus, Peaoat, Speltz, Macaroni T\Iicat for arid, hot soils, 63 bus. per acre. 20ih Century Oats, 2.jO hu3. per acre and Teosinte, Yields 100 tons Green Todder per acre. Porthls Notice and 1 0c. Tfe mail big catalog and 10 Fartn Seed Novelties, fully -worth glO to get a start. John A.SAUER SEED CO.."Sg^ ALBEMARLE PROLIFIC DCORN For 4 years past, the entire crop at Arrow* head farm ha- been sold for seed, and those who put off ordering until the last, could not be supplied. We a fine crop for sale. Price, »1.75 in small lots; half bu.«!., $1.00; peck, 65c. No sniallerordert shipped. ]f the land Isgood and properly p. pared before planting, and properly worked after planting, over 100 bus. per acre should be the yield. More forage will be grown than from any other variety. ARROWHEAD STOCK FARIIII.<^''V,'°V„'.'.':"'* FOR SALE. luOO bn. Clay Peas, at - $1.00 per bn. 500 " Black " " - 1.^5 " 500 " Whippoorwill Peas, 1.25 " 500 " Soja Beans, at - 1.50 " 200 " Buckwheat, at - I.OO " All Seeds recleaoed and In heavy bags delivered Free our depot. 20 large ENliLlSHBERKSHlRE PIGS, $7.50 each. 1 2-yr.-ol(l Black Jack) Sired by Importei 1 18 mos. old " " j Spanish Jack. Price on Application. HICKORY MILLING CO.. - Hickory, N. C LATE SEED IRISH POTATOES — FOR SALE. 1902 was another good year for the CLAREMO^T PEACHBLOW POTATOES. A late variety, has been ^rown here for 10 yrs. or more, aiid never failed to make a crop when planted July first, yields from ISu to 25(> bus. to the acre. See de>cription In last May issue of this paper. Price, $3.50 per bbl., f. o. b. here, as long as stock last. J M. HUGHES. Claremont Surry Ccun'y.Va. 300 bushels of Albemarle Prolific Corn, $1.00 per bus. at d' pot. L. B. JOHNSON, • Red Hill. Albemarle Co., Va. MARK YOUR STOCK. Use the KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL. Made by P. H. Jackson & Co., Winchester^ Ky. Write to them for free samples. Mention the Southern Planter when cor 'eaponding with advertisers. 1903. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 273 500 Chickens can be raised iu a seasou by using A HAWKEYE Incubator & Brooder with less expense and trouble than the old way with hens. More and stronger chicks. They Set While The Hens Lay. Enough eggs to pay for the au outfit in a short time. They are self-regulating, self- ventilating, non-raoisture and so simple that No Expei-ieut-e is Necessary to run them. A good hatch is guaranteed first trial. Every n-achine guaranteed to be perfect in manufacture and to give entire satisfaction or nn sale. Sold on 30 Days Trial. SrarT'T,!^" r^^tf. Won first honors at three Btate fairs hist fall; were never defeated. 1908 <-'ataloir. 80 paffcH* tells the whole -itory. Send for it. IT*s FREK. Also r^end ll*c for ;i leadine poultr; paper for one year. HAWKEYE INCUBATOR CO., 60x49 Newlon, la. RELIABLE GUARANTEED. 1101 Yards Flnt Poultry. We sell the Reliable Incubator on the strong- est kind of guarantee that it ■ball piT« you p«rfect Btttiefaction, or 70U got Jour money back> Wo irant OTorybody to know of the Hon- molituro, boating, regulating, nursery and ventilating featurei. Send 10 cents poitago for Idtb edition of great poul- try book, juit Issued. Bellable JneJ). and BrooderCo., BoiB 11 V.qnlpe.v. 111. The PRAIRIE STATES KEEP AT THE HEAD>> More made-more sold more prizes won than ALL OTHERS combined. Send for catalogue-just out-fin- est ever Issued.. Mention this paper PRAIRIE STATE INCUBATOR Co. HOMER CITY , Pa., U.S.A. ICTOR, V W INCUBATORS ' Hatch every fertile egg. Simplest, most durable, cheapest first-class hatcher. Money back if not posi- tively asrepresenifd. n'fpiy freight. Circular free: c:it:ilocue tSc. Oeo. Ertel Co.. Qiilncy, 111. PECK'S EGG-FO Z> CCCn FOR 50 HENS Al O rCkU FOR 60 DAYS Oil PREPAID. It is the cheapest food on earth. It paysotners.aua will pay you. Itnaakes the poultry business interesting, He- ^ CAUSE It produces lesults— We Sug # QEST a trial order. Our Booklet and # Egg- Record— F ek. < THE FRED S. PECK CO.. < 21 1 W. Mitchell Si . • Petoskey. Mich. ^ ^ WROUGHT IRON PIPE Good condition, used short time only; newthroads and coupUngs; for Sloan,, Gas or Water; size.s from M to 12 inch diameter. Our price per loot on Si^infJils 3c; onl inch 35.JC. Write lor free catalogue Na.-166 CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO., 500 pages. Cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.50. Orange Judd Company, 52 Lafayette Place, New York, N. Y. Marquette Building, Chicago, 111. We can supply this book at the pub- lisher's price. The Weather and Practical Methods OF Forecasting It. By "Farmer" Dunn, famous as New York's Weath- er Forecaster. Price, $1.60. Pub- lishers, Dodd, Mead & Co., Fifth avenue. New York city. Why not be weatherwise? We can send you the book at the price named. CATALOGUES. American Farmers' Manual, 1903. Peter Henderson & Co, Cortland street. New York. Catalogue of Seeds, Grasses, Clovers, Cereals, Forage and Root Crops. J. B. Watkins & Bro., Hallsboro, Va. Nurserymen. Surplus list of Trees, etc., for spring 1903. Pinehurst Nurseries, Pinehurst, N. C. Hammond's Slug Shot Insecticide. B. Hammond, Fishkill on Hudson, N. Y. The McCormick Division of the In- ternational Harvester Company of America, Chicago, 111., send us a copy of a booklet they have just got out, giving full particulars of their celebrated Wheat Headers and Header Binders, two new and distinct ma- chines, which are highly recommended for harvesting great crops of wheat, where the straw is not a matter of con- sideration. The booklet is beauti- fully gotten up and fully illustrated. AGRICULTURE AT THE WORLD'S FAIR AT ST. LOUIS. Mr. Frederic W. Taylor, the Chief ,of the Departments of Agriculture and of Horticulture, has under way plans for emphasizing certain of the lead- ing money-making crops of the United States, such as Corn, Cotton. Tobacco, Wheat, Oats, Rice, Sugar (beet, cane and maple), etc. These are de- signed to be concentrated or universal exhibits, taking each subject from the seed to the finished product, illustrat- ing all the relations pertaining there- to, and also all the phases presented by varying latitude, soil, climate, as well as the methods of cultivation and of handling the crop in the several States in the Union and in the Amer- ican dependencies. These special features should appeal strongly to our Virginia Commission. Virginia is the third State in the Union in the production of tobacco, and with its more than 122,000,000 pounds for the crop of 1901 — the last available statistics-^lt should domi- nate that srecial tobacco feature. This great graphic picture is intended to Horse Owners! Use GOMBAUIiT'S Caustic Balsam A Safe Speedf cod Foiitive Can The Sarest, Best BLISTER ever used. Take* toe place of all liniments lor mild or severe action. Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horse* ana Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY OR FIRING* impossible to produce scar or blemiah. Every bottle 80ld is warranted to give satlsfactloa Price $l.50 per bottle. Sold by drucBists, or lent by express, charKe* paid, with full directions for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. THB LAWRBNCE-WII.LIAMS CO.. Cleveland Ot fOUTU horSe ■'AND';-- CATTLE POWDER A medicine which makes sick animals well, the diseased whole, the weak strong and the thin fat. It will restore lost Appetite, expel Worms and cure Chronic Cough, Heaves, Influenza, Distemper, Hide- bound, Indigestion, Constipation, Flat- ^ulency and all Stonruch and Bowel trouble. ^k^ The finest of all animal JB^^^ i tonics ; cient of digestibil- ity of protein. DWlDE.FOUtZ '•'Price-^-. 5 PKOS. *I,05. apKes..*209 Fistula and Poll Evil . You can treat these d i sea ses yourself and cure them iu 15 to 30 days. Fl- m- Ing's Fi.«tula and Poll Kvll Cure is easy to apply, perfectly s;tronii T'c-'mmtfUg. Sl.wi per c:ii». l)e:.liT?i. Muil or i:\. piiid. Jienidu ltorst< KfDiedj ( «.. , nream SEPARATORS ^^ All about them and other things for the dairy and creamery< A. H. REIO, Philadelphia. 274 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April HOMES AND THE PUGE TO FIND THEM.^^^ No place in the United States can a man do 80 well at farming, for the money in- Tested, as in Virginia. Lands are clieap ; climate good, and the best of markets close at hand. It is the State of all others, for a comfortable all the year round home. The James Rtver Valley Colonization and Improvement Company offer superior advantages to land pur chasers. For free 36 page land pamphlet, address W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. To HOMESEEKERS. "THE BUSINESS OF FARMING IN VIRGINIA" l8 the title of a new pamphlet issued by the Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We win gladly mall you a copy. W. B. BEVILL, PAULSCHERER, Agt., G P. A , Lands and immigration, Roanoke, Va. WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OP FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FIRMS. Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with good buildings, close to steam and trolley lines, easy access to the city. Also GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS From 100 to 1,000 acres at low prices, all the way from $5 to 850 per acre. Write for Catalogue. THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY. Richmond, Va J. R. HocKADAY, Manager. IF YOU WISH TO SELL — OR BUY VIRGINIA LANDS Communicate with us. Write for free "Virginia Real Estate Journal," con- taining many splendid bargains. R. B. CHAFFIN & CO.. Inc., No. 1 N. 10th St., Richmond, Vo. And all that it Implies." Oood land, climate, markets, shipping ta^ olUties, churches, schools, good health, mode- rate prices, easy terms. MACON & CO., - Orange, Va. / Can Sell Your Farm M matter where It is. Send description, state price and 52?™.. "a. ^''- '9*' H'ehcst references. Offices in 14 cities. W. M. Ostronder, I885N. A. Bldg.. Philadelphia Virginia Farms Ail prices and sizes. Free'list on *,pplication. WM. ■. PIZZINI CO., Rlchmonil, Va. "PIEDMONT to SODTV. For full particulars write A. JEPPERS, Norfolk, Ya. VIRGIHIA FARMS $3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS. Easy Payments. Cataloouc Frck. «E0. E. CRAWFORD 4 CO., Richmond, Ya. Eatabllahed 1876. embrace every item connected with tobacco, beginning with the seed and carrying it through the plant bed, the transplanting, the field culture and growth, the cutting or stripping, through the curing barns, the leaf sales warehouses, and on to the fac- tory, thence through its various prep- aratory forms to the finished product; its final disposal depending upon its type, or the purpose for which it was grown. It is confidently expected that Virginia will not only take advantage in this special feature, but will as- sume in it her rightful place as the third producer of the leaf in the United States. The State also produces 40,000,000 bushels of corn annually, of the bread type, not like the yellow stock corn of the West. Here again the State should co-operate in the special corn exhibit, which promises to be the most striking exposition of corn ever be- held. Information as to exhibits at the Pair can be obtained from the Hon. G. E. Murrell, Fontella, Va. THE EAST TENNESSEE FARMERS' CONVENTION. The 28th annual meeting of the East Tennessee Farmers' Convention and Farmers' Institute will be held in Knoxville on May 21st, 22d and 23d. The railroads have granted a single fare for this meeting over a wide territory, embracing not only East and Middle Tennessee, but reaching out into the adjoining States. Tick- ets to this meeting will be good going May 20th, 21st and 22d, with a final limit of May 24th for returning. Last year there were 1,500 tickets sold to the meeting, and there is every reason to expect a much larger attendance this year. An unusually strong programme is being prepared. The very best agri- cultural experts of the United States, and of the South in particular, will occupy places on the programme. The local interests have not been over- looked, and the practical discussions of every topic by the leading farmers of East Tennessee will be a very in- teresting feature of the programme, which will be issued about the middle of April. Any person desiring further infor- mation about the meeting should ap- ply to Professor Andrew M. Soule, Secretary, Knoxville, Tenn., who will cheerfully answer all letters of in- quiry. A squal caught a party of tourists on a lake in Scotland and threatened to capsize their boat. When it seemed that the crisis had really come, the largest and strongest man in the party, in a state of Intense fear, said: "Let us pray." "No, no, my man!" shouted the bluff old boatman; "let the little man pray. You take an oar." — April "Success." WALTERS Piano Exchange We buy, sell and exchsinge PIANOS, do a general musical merchandise businefes and take trade. PRICES THE LOWEST. TERMS THE BEST. F. W. WALTER & SON, Staunton, Va. Now Ready, A Valuable Pamphlet, " CUTI NATION and STORING of SWEET POTATOES" This pawphlet, with necefssary cuts, glyes plain directions for constructing a sweet po- tato house that, in connection with important details, will easily keep sweet pototoes in good condition until the new crop comes in, or longer. Also some new, well tested and valu- able plans for bedding and growing sweet potatoes. A. F. Funderburk, Dudley, S. C, In speak- ing of this pamphlet says : " I would not take ten times its cost for it." The pamphlet has been introduced into 18 States and 2 Territories, and it Is believed that the plans given will eventually, to a great ex- tent, supersede the present mode of growing and storing sweet potatoes. The pamphlet also contains a number of number of my best agricultural articles. Price of pamphlet postpaid 50 cents. Address Bryan Tyson, Carthage, N. C. Please mention this paper. t( Crop Growing i Crop Feeding BY PROF. W. F. MASSEY. 383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. II We ofli9r this splendid work in connec- tion with the Southern Planter at the foil lowing prices: Southern Planter and Cloth Bound Volume, $1.26 Southern Planter and Paper Bound Volume, 80e. Old or new subscriptions. GREENSBORO, N.C. For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .nd other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustion For Sale. 500 acre farm and fine country home, near Natural Brfdge. Postal card inquiry will bring you particulars. MRS. TOMPKINS, Glasgow. Va. niir riDUQ 1° the great fTult grain and TinL rAnmO stock section of VIKOINIA.. Best climate and water in the V. S. Near great markets, with best educational advan- tiagea. For further information, address ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION 00., BAit'i. B. Woods, Pres. Cfaarlotteaville, Va. 1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 275 The most popular Machine in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the HEEBNER'S, LITTLE GIANT ^^o PENNSYLVANIA Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903. They are built in first class manner, and are strong and dur able. The price is within the reach of all. We guarantee them to do the work satisfactorily. We will mail catalogue and teetimonials, and quote prices on application. RUBBER, LEATHER and G&NDY BELTING. FRICK*S "ECLIPSE'* ENGINES and BOILERS. "LITTLE SAMSON" Automatic Engine. ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS. THE CELEBRATED ** CHASE " SAW MILLS and This cut shows our 5 and 7 h. p, " LiitUe Samsom " Vertical Automatic Engine, for a np I flinU If MAPIIINPRY ^^i\i^^°S threshers, peanut pickers, cutting feed, sawing wood, etc. Larger sizes also furnished. STRATTON & BRAGG CO., 20-22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. PLANTERS And Distribute CARDWELL'S, EUREKA and CENTENNIAL FERTILIZER ATTACH- MENT are the best, therefore they are the cheapest. They PlanL. ^i 1^ CORN^ I BEANS. .ntfV^V^ FERTILIZER ENSILAGE SS^^^B^K^^ any distance apart, CROPS. j/f^^^^^,r^^^=L^ and any quantity. We make THRESHPRS, HORSE POWERS, PEANUT MACHINERY, STRAW CUTTERS WELL PIXURES, and all Implements formerly made by H. M. SMITH & CO. and J. W. CARDWELL & CO. THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., - Kichmond, Va. 27t'. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April SEED CORN Cottage Valley Stock and Seed Farm, W. M. WATKINS & SON, Props., Randolph P. 0., • Charlotte County, Va. White Champion The Earliest corn on record. Ears 10 to 12 inches long, with 18 to 20 rows on a cob. Fine size grain. Tne finest Eearly corn ever planted. Planted Juue 10th, on ordinaryhigh land, cut, and was In shock Sept. 10th. We made from one gal. planted, 12 barrels of good corn. Price— 1 peck 75c.; 3^ bus. $1.50; 1 bus. $2.60. Pride of Cottage Valley. A large earel, deep grained Early White Corn with 16 to 24 rows on a cob and stalks 13 to 15 feet high; usually two ears to the stalk and yielding an abundance of fodder. This Corn is very productive and makes the best table meal. Price— 1 peck 45c. ; J^bus. 85c.; I bus. $1.25. Early Yellow Variety. Popularly known as Huron Dent. Most per- fectrshaped ear and most reliable Early Yellow Corn ever introduced. Planted May 10th, cut, and In shock by the latter part of .^.ugust. Price— 1 peck 30c.; J^bus. 60c.; 1 bus. $1 00. Snow White Dent. It has medium ears, and grows very large, compact close get grains, wel • fl lied out, the cob being medium size, very white, and requiring grains to span it, and weighing about 7K lbs. perTOlbs. of ears. Another point. Snow White Dent matures a good yield during droughty years, growing along side of other corn that makes little or nothing. Taking all points into consideration, Snow White Dent is the coming white variety for milling and all other purposes. To-day there are more than 30 articles made from white corn, and Snow White Deut is the best one for all purposes. If you want the best white corn in America, you cannot make a mistake by planting Snow White Dent. The year 1901 was the first time it was offered for sale by any one, when It brought 85.00 per bus. and no more than one bushel was sold a tingle customer. We are now :able to offer it in quantity, but in any event, solicit early orders, hs there promises to ha a larger demand for all variety of seed corn during theooraine season than for many years past. We reserve the right at all times to decline orders for more than one bushel. Price— 1 peck 45c. ; K bus. 85c. ; 1 bus $i.50. The Prize WHITE DENT Corn. The seed were obtained last year from Epitomist Experi- mentFar I , Indianapolis, maturesin 90 days and grows about about like Southern White Corn. A heavy yielder. Price, 81.40 per bus.. 75c. per % bus. W. RtrsSELIi, AbbyviUe, Va. "Feeds 11!! Feeding" Prof. Henry's Great Book for Farmers and Stockmen. Delivered anywhere for - - |2.00 With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2-25 NO HUMBUG. ro^^l SfIh'- V, Stoct Marktr snrlM •!.»>. Pen.Hl for trial. Iflt ■ulK.und ha|. uce. P«IM MijO. 1WC- WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS, 82.25 for 9 ; $4.00 for 18. WHIT£ PLYMOUTH ROCKS $1.25 for 13; $2.25 for 30. Packed and f. o. b. Kzpress Office. JOHN A. CLARK, - SHIRLEY, VA. Home of High-breds. Even the best is never too good, you'd better buy of me. FANCIERS STOCK AT FARMERS PRICES. Du roc-Jerseys, the \>est all- purpose hog! also Poland-Chinas; B. P. Rocks, M. B- Turkeys mn4 M. P. DucKs. E^gs in season. THE CEDARS WM. 0. OWENS, P. and S. FARM. Midlothian, Va. BUFF ORPINGTON EGGS FOR SALE. This wonderful-laying and general utility fowl is taking the day. Eggs, $1 per 15. Good hatch guaranteed. Will prepay express on 83 orders. „ qccONEECHEE FARM," Jeffrest, Va FINE ILLUS- TRATED CATALOG for stamp, if you men- this paper. All poultry 32 Varieties Best Poultry keepers should have It. JNO. E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Virginia. EGGS FOR HATCHING. White Wyandottes, Barred Plymouth Bocks, S. O. White Leghorns and Pekin Ducks. Prize winners at New York, Bos- ton, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Hagerstown, Pan-American and Charleston. Some ex- tra fine stock for sale. For prices and de- scription, address LEWIS E. BENEDICT, Proprietor Meadowvale Farm, - Luthervllle. Md. it 99 Barred, Buff and White P. Rocks, Light Brabmas, White Wyandottes, Buff Coch- ins, Partridge Cochins, Black Langshan, Black Minorca, S. C. Brown Leghorns and 8. C. White Leghorns. Stock for sale cheap. Prize winner eggs, 81 f Jr 15. A hatch of %, or order duplicated at half price. OAKLAND POULTRY FARM. Ruffin, N. 0. Box 5. C. J. Warrlner. Manager. EGGS POR HATCHING. Purebred B. P. Rock, Black Mihorca, 8. C. B. Leghorn. Fine stock, excellent layers. I guarantee eggs to be true to name, fresh, and to arrive In good condi- tion. 75 cts. per 15, $2 per 45, $4 per 100. Ml88 S. M. HITER, Elllsvllle. Louisa Co.. Va. WHITE WYANDOTTES and BUFF P. ROCKS. Beautiful birds, and ncrand layers. Cockerels, 81.50 each. Eggs, 81 per 13 ; 85 per 100. EDGEMONT POULTRY YARDS, Liberty Mills, Va. EGGS FOR SALE From purebred S. 0. B. LEGHORNS. $1 per 15 ; 85 per 100. Mrs. B. D. CHANDLER, R. F. D., Charlottstvllle, Va NATIONAL AID TO ROAD BUILD- ING. BY J. B. KILLEBEEW. There is no questioning the fact that the subject of road building is engaging the attention of the people of the United States to a greater ex- tent than ever before in the history of the country. Not only is the subject discussed in every county, township, and civil district, but the Legislatures of the several States are beginning to listen to the coming storm of public applause or public indignation by de- vising methods to improve the roads. But by far the most important, be- cause the most comprehensive, move- ment inaugurated is that of the bill presented to Congress by the Hon. W. P. Brownlow, of Tennessee. In its scope this bill provides for national aid in road improvement to every politi- cal division or sub-division of the country. Section 12 of the bill pro- vides "that one-half of the expenses of the construction shall be paid by the Treasurer o f the United States upon the warrant of the Comptroller, issued upon the requisition of the Di- rector of said Bureau, out of any spe- cific appropriations made to carry out the provisions of this act, and one- half of the expenses thereof shall be paid by the State or political sub- division thereof making application for the co-operation provided for; pro- vided, that nothing herein shall be con- strued to prevent the State or politi- cal sub-division thereof from distribu- ting the said half so that the State may pay a portion, the county a por- tion, and the owners of the land abut- ting upon said road another portion. And provided further, that no money be advanced by the United States in payment of its portion of the cost of construction as provided for, except as the work of actual construction pro- gresses, and in no case shall the pay- ment or payments made thus prior to the completion of the work be in excess of 80 per centum of the value of the work performed, but In all cases 20 per centum must be held until the completion of the work according to the plans and specifications and to the satisfaction of the Director of said Bureau." This is a wise provision, and will put every community upon its mettle. Those that are imbued with the spirit of progress and improvement will not hesitate to avail themselves of this assistance in building good roads. The passage of this bill will be a distinc- tive and era-making event in the legis- lation of the country. To one who properly considers all the benefits that will accrue to the nation and to all its citizens by the passage of this bill, it must be conceded that no other legis- lation has ever been fraught with so much good for the people and with such grand possibilities. Say what we please about the Influence of public schools, the press, the pulpit, the plat- Cramer's Poultry Yards Hatcbine Eggs from m yl30 pure- bred Silver L. wyandottes at 75c per sitting of 15. 84.1 per 100 eggs. JOHN CRAMER, South Boston, Va. WANTED AT ONCE OLD LIVE PIGEONS In any quantity. W. C. LYNHAM, 412 W Marshall St., Richmond, Va. BLACK MINORCA EGGS 60 cts. per setting of 15. Mrs. A. G. HILL, Huon P. , Louisa Co , Va- EGGS FOR HATCHING. From choice, high scoring, B. and W. Plymouth Rocks, 82 a sitting. From good, purebred B. Leghorns and B. Plymouth Rocks, 81 a sit- ting, 83.60 per 50. H. A. KUHNS, Ailanta, Gi. EC3-C3-JS FOXl SA.Z.E. M. B. Turkey, 83 per doz.; Pekln Duck, $1 perdoz.; White Wyandotte, $1 for 13; B.P. Rock, 81 for 13; S. C. B. Leghorn, $1 for 15. Miss Clara L. Smith, Croxton, Carolina Co, Va. Barred P. Rocks S. C. B. and W. Leghorns. 15 eggs, $1 ; 30, 81.75. Pkkin Bucks— 11 eggs, $1 ; 22, 81.75. Sa isfaction guaranteed. Rev. J. W HECKMAN, Spottsylvaula, Va. SILVER WYANDOTTES BXCLUSIVBLY. Famous "Blue Grass" Strain; none finer. Eggs, 81 per 13 ; 82 per 30. 22 years a breeder and shipper. g, p, ^ODER. Dentlgli, Va. EGGS FOR SALE Prom purebred M. B. TURKEYS. WHITE and BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. W. F. FLANAGAN, Christiansburj:, Va. BARRED AND BUFF PLVMOUTH ROCKS. PRED NUSSBY, Summit, Spottsylvania Co., Va. White Leghorns. EggIRecobd, 2,213 eggs in one } ear from eighteen hens. Eggs, 82 per 15 ; 85 per 60. Write for circularito-day. C. G. M. FINK, 1409 W.Leigh St.. Richmond, Va EGGS From prize-winning matings, BARRED and WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK, WHITE WYANDOTTE and BLACK MIN- ORCA. Reduced rates to secure widest patronage— $1.00 per 13. KENTON POULTRY FARM, Qlenodale, Md. BARRED RLYMO TH ROCK ^ S Gr G S ^ From the Sunnyside winter laying strain'of ri nglets. %i per 15, $ 1 .90 per 30. 83 per 50. Incu- bator Egers, 83 per 100. No. C. O. D shipmenta to any one. SUNNYSIDE POULTRY FARM. Reference:**" Chrlstlansburg, Va Bank of Chrlstlansburg. 1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 279 S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS Iiong bred for fine plumage, strong vitality and laying qualities. One sitting or 16 eggs. 75 ots.; two sittings of 32 eggs, $1.25; per 100 eggs, (3.50. APDRESS J. N. HANGER, - Lasley, Va. PIT GAMES Red Horses, Eggs, $1 50 per sitting (15). Also a few Red Horse and Irish Red Cocks for tale at reasonable prices. A. S. CRAVEN, - Greenwood, Va. BLACk DEVILS and RED HORSES. These Cocks won 90 per ct. of battles fougbt In 1901 and 1902, and have never lost a battle when gameness and cutting qualities could win. Kggs, $2 per sitting and stock for sale. THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va. M. B. TURKEY EGGS From extra heavy weights and brilliant plumage, J3 doz. B. P. Rock and Pekin Duck tigs Jl per 15. Pedigreed Scotch Collie Pups $5 each. 8 mos. male Collie partly trained JIO. C. M. BENNETT, - Qoodnun, Va. ALL KINDS OF LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS. Particularly Wild Turkeys, White Squirrels, Ducks, Swans. Etc. CECIL FRENCH, 7 1 8 TwdHh St. N. W., Washington, D. C. RIVER VIEW POULTRY FARM. EGGS FOR HATCHING From purebred B. P. R. My hens weigh from 8 to 10 lbs. and cocks from 10 to 12 lbs., at 1 yr. old. I handle only B. P. Rocks, and they are farm range. Price per sitting, $1 for 15, $1.50 for 30, «2 for 45. M. E. ANDREWS, Hurt, Va. One-half mile from Depot. On Southern R'y. HAWKSLEY STOCK FARHL. Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES B. P. ROCKS FOWLS, Eggs from same, $1 per 13. J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va. Large English Berkshire Hogs, Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at head of herd. JS'EGQS IN SEASON. JOHN P. FOSTER, Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky. ...A BARGAIN... 1 DE UV&L CRANK HUMMING BIRD SEPARATOR, 275 lbs. capac., in perfect order. Price, $50. 1 SHARPIES SAFETY HAND SEPARATOR, Capac, 300 lbs., in need of slight repairs. Price, $25. W. B. GATES, RICE DEPOT, VA. form, and other institutions that mark the civilized progress of manliind, yet all these are more or less depen- dent upon the facilities of intercourse between the people. In fact, it is an undeniable truth that civilization means labor in some form, and labor is the ability to move things from place to place, and its efficiency de- pends upon the ease with which they are moved. No nation has ever yet achieved permanent renown without good roads, or ever built them and regretted it afterwards. No commu- nity in possession of good roads would be willing to surrender them upon the repayment of their cost and main- tenance. Of all the expenditures made by aggregated bodies or by govern- ment agencies, while it may not be the least felt, it produces the greatest good and the greatest satisfaction to the greatest number. Everybody uses good roads — the millionaire and the beggar, the black and the white, the lame and the blind, women and chil- dren — all enjoy and participate in the advantages and blessings of good roads. They are the morning star of progress; they are the fountain heads of trade and commerce; they are the avenues over which pass the main agencies for the dissemination of knowledge and the increase of intelli- gence, as well as the enjoyments of social intercourse in rural life. They provide the means for the performance of public duty; of reaching local mar- kets or shipping points on the rail- ways. They serve more country peo- ple in the aggregate than the railroads themselves. This bill of Mr. Brownlow's is most timely. The rapid extension of the rural free delivery system, now cover- ing 300,000 square miles, and destined in the near future to be extended to the 40,000,000 people living in the ru- ral districts, make good roads a ne- cessity. Why should the United States, that has attained supremacy ■over all other nations in wealth and in a world-wide influence in commerce and diplomacy, hesitate to enter upon a work that will bind its citizens to it with a loyalty exceeding the loyalty of the people of any other nation whatever? Why hesitate to do that which every person desires to be done in some way? Why hesitate, when good roads are the most important fac- tors in carrying out the wise provis- ions for increasing the intelligence of its citizenship through rural free delivery? No other highly civilized nation on earth has so many bad roads as the United States. England, France, Germany, Spain, Italy — all have good roads. This government belongs to the peo- ple. They instituted it for their own welfare. They are the rulers. Con- gress is but one of the agencies they have created to provide for their wants and to execute their will. There is no constitutional barrier to the MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW. •«fiW^C!?^'iS^-^'VMSi!:»'cf^ One thoroughbred Angus cow, unregistered, comings yrs., with heifer calf at foot. • -^ Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming 3 yrc, two coming 4 yrs., bred to reg. An- gus bull. Pour seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2 yrs., bred to reg. Angus bull. Three seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 1 yrr Four one-half Angus heifers, coming 1 yr. ...^ One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred Shorthorn cow, by a reg. Angus bull. One 9-mos.-old reg. Angus bull. One 12-mo8.-old reg. Angus heifer. ■■W^ All of the above cattle are black, and as well polled as a thoroughbred Angus. ;;;? One fine reg. Angus Bull Calf, 5 mos. old.; ■• i One pair Bay Mares, with black points, com- ing 5 yrs. old. Weight, 1,200 lbs. each. Well broken to harness and all farm ma- chinery. An ideal farm team. Heavy enough for farm work and active enough for good drivers, and gentle enough for anybody to handle. If sold very soon, will take 8325., which Is very cneap. Address W. M. WATKINS Prepared from Roots, Herfes, Seeds uid Borkg andWtntbe Highcit Medal at Farii ExpositiOD In 1900 u» lBlgh*CU&s vegetable, medicinal preparation to be fed to stock in email amoants ae an addition to the regular feed. It Is a Great Aid in Growing or Fattening stock because II Inores^es the appetite and Aids Digestion and Assimilation so that each animal obtains more nutrition from the grain eaten. We positively guarantee that its use will make yo« •xtra money over the usual Plan of Growing and Fattening stock. '^Internattonal Stock Food" can bo fed in safety te Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs or Pigs. It Is Absolutely Harmless even if taken into the Human System. Yoa insist on eating medicinal Ingredients with your Owb food at every meal. Salt is astomach tonic and worm Bsdicine, Pepper is a powerful stimulating tonic. Mustard is a remedy for dyspepsia, Vinegar is a diuretic. Yon eat these medicinal ingredients almost with every mouthful of yous food, and it is proven that these condiments promote health and strength for people and improve theirdigestion. ^'International Stock Food'* contains pure vegetable medicinal Ingredients that are just as safe and as necessary an addition to the regular feed of your stock if yon desire to keep them in the best possible condition. '^International Stoek FooA" Is endorsed by Every High Class Farm Paper. It purifies the blood, stimulates and permanently strengthens th e en tire system so that disease Is prevented or cured. ''International Bteek Food" Is sold on a "Spot Cash Ciaarantee" by Fifty Thousand Dealcrg thronghoct the World. ^JT" Your Money will be Promptly Refunded in Any case of failnr*. It will make year Pies or Hogs grow Amazingly and has the largest sale in the World for Curing or preventing Hog Disease. ^^ Beware of the many Vheap and Inferior laltfttlons ! No Chemist •■• separate all the Differaot powder'?d Roots, Herbs, Barks and fieedd that w« ase. Any One elaiialng to 4o a* Mast be an Ignoramos or FalsiOer* IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OP BORSES. CATTLE. SHEEP. POULTRY, ETC. ) ••Ttr of this Book It * Beantifal Live Sfcoek Ficture «9~PrUie4 in Blx Brllliut Colon. Book is 6^ by 9^. Seo engrsTinrf*' greatly reduced desiga of cover. It cost as $3000 to have our Artists and Eogravert make these life iSsgraVLDgs. This Book contains a Finely Illustrated Veterinary Department tliat will Sare Yob Haadreds •f Doltara. It deicrihea common Diseases, and tells bow to treat them. It also gives Description, History and Iltnstrationi of the Different Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Poultry. It contains testimonials, and Life Engravings ef many very noted Animals. The Editor Of This F«p«r Will Tell You That Yon Ought To Have This Book In Your Library For Reference. $10.00 CASH, we will sendyon. IF BOOK IS NOT AS STATED. Thb Book flailed Fre«, Poets^ Prepaid, If loo Write Co (lottor or postal) and Answer Those 2 1)tMtt«Bt: Ut.— Name TlusFApcr. Sd.— Hew Ma«h Stook Havo TmT Write as today for book. Largest Stock Food Factory in tfco World. Capital Paid in, $1,000,000. Wo Occupy 62,000 Feet of Floor Space, loterflalioDai Stock Food Co, ■ranUPOUl, V* anploy "t*' ^OO paeple and have _^_^ n ■ A Hundreds of Thonsands of Testisno- i> ■«■•» "• ■• ■*• Dials from Farmers and Stockmen. ENTIRELY AT OUR PISK. f ILLUSTRATED. ■^ |sroC|Bodi(| I I 1 I I I I I i I i « S 8 '"»'»« M I I M I I i I i I I I i I I I I I I I I i I I I I I J I I J I I I I 1 Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm Has for sale a large nnm- ber of nice young regis- tered A. J. C. C. JERSEY BULLS AND HEIFERS. None better bred In the South. Comblnine closely the most noted and up-to-date blood In America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, J25.00. Heifers same age, $35.00. POLAND-CHINA P1Q8, $5.00 each. .Send check and get what you want. T. P. BRASWELL, Prop.. Battleboro. N. C. Ayrshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs. Ayrs' Ire calves of both sexes, Berkshire pigs and boar, and 2 Oxford-Down Rams For Sale. MELROSE C4STLE FARM, ENOS H. HESS, Manager, Casanova, Va. fomE iberileen-Jnps Cattle Choice breeding. Registered bulls ready for flervice. AddressA. 0. PARR, care A. 6. PARR, Jcffersonton, V«. promise we make? Do you suppose we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confidence in the sat- isfying quality of our goods? We know we can please you and save you money, for Hayner Whiskey goes di- rect from our distillery to you, carries a United States Registered Distiller's Guarantee of purity and age, and saves you the big profits of the dealers. Read our offer elsewhere in this paper. The Haynee Distilling Co. A DUST SPRAYER, Among the numerous Sprayers ad- vertised with us from time to time, we do not recall that a Dust Sprayer has ever been offered our readers. This month, however, we have the card of the Dust Sprayer Mfg. Co., and to which we invite attention. This Sprayer will be found useful in applying all dust and powder insec- ticides to trees, plants, etc. ANGUS BULL CALVES Registered and unrecorded. Stock first- class, and breeding the best. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP First class yearling rams, and ewes of all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale. WARREN RICE, - Wlncliester, V«. FOR SA.X.E. ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULL. " Carlos of the Wells " 27958 : Also some nice Cows and Helrers. WM. B. MACOREaOR Avon, V«. 0. I. C. PIGS FROM REG. STOCK. PRICES RIGHT. Charlottesville, Va. 282 THE toOUriiERN PLANTER. [April FEMALE INVENTORS. I believe there is a general impres- sion that women are lacking in the inventive faculty, but this impression or theory may he controverted by the fact that the Patent Office has issued one bound volume and two hand-books setting forth separately the inventions of women. True, we do not find in this list a female Arkwright, Whitney, Rumsey, or Morse; nevertheless, these female inventors have contributed to the service of the world many use- ful and valuable contrivances, saving labor and promoting comfort and con- venience; nor are feminine inven- tions confined solely to household conveniences. Amongst them we find steam boilers, baling presses, fire escapes, car wheels, hospital beds, and improvements in pyrotechnic night sig- nals. Perhaps the most remarkable of the female inventors is Madame Cos- tin, inventor of the famous Costin signals. Her husband had made some experiments on the line of night sig- nals, and after his death she took up the work, and by dint of patient and intelligent labor finally perfected a code containing well defined combina- tions of three-colored lights — red, white, and green — indicating the nu- merals, and by this method a number of signals may be conveyed. During the Civil War these signals were em- ployed to advantage, and since then they have been adopted by different European governments. They are also valuable in the life-saving ser- vice. Miss Emma J. Hughes, daughter of the inventor Hughes, seems to have in- herited her father's talent, and is not only an inventor, but a practical busi- ness woman, visiting the shops almost daily to superintend the making of models and construction and master- ing every detail of her work. . She has made about ten inventions, not all of which, however, are on the market. The best known of these is the adjust- able table attached to the bed for the use of invalids, or to the chair for various other purposes, and this in- vention is used in the hospitals of the War Department, in the Marine Hos- pital, and in schools and homes. The wife of ex-Senator Henderson, writer, artist," and patron of art, is also the inventor of an extremely use- ful and popular bicycle seat. Mrs. Henderson is a thorough business wo- man and practical machinist. She was a frequent visitor at the shops while her invention was being con- structed, and showed excellent judg- ment in the selection of forms and materials. Harriet Hosmer, the sculptor, dis- covered the process of making mar- bl3 from limestone, and a Lima girl found the way to extract 1,000 feet of gas from one barrel of Lima oil. Mrs. Theodore Birney, so well known l as the originator of "the Mothers' Con- gress" movement, has devised and A GmiXAN RUN IT jitmost anyone can run a jstn It's simple; free from needless compli- cations; has handy operating levers; works easily every way. For over twenty years our experts have studied this machine; planned out a rigid and enduring frame; discovered how to use a lever in place of several cog-wheels; equipped the reel with a self-acting friction clutch which prevents break- age; applied the stored power of a self-regulating fly-wheel to equalize the draft; perfected the simplest Knotter yet devised, one that holds the world's record for accurate tying. In short, they have fitted this machine for the great- est practical field service anywhere. The Piano catalogue de- scribes it, and tells about some other interesting cash and labor savers; ask for a copy. PLANO DIVISION International Harvester Company of America CHICAGO. ILLINOIS ^^^w SUNNY HOME HERD OF ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. BARON ROSEBOY ( The great son of the world-famous GAY BLACKBIRD) in service. Nearly all the leading families of the breed represented by females sired by the most famous bulls of the age. Wechallenge comparia on both as to individual excel- lence and pedigree. Another car of grand cows just arrived, personally selected from one of the best herds in central Illinois. The tops out of one hundred head. Six animals of the same family and strain aa ROSEGAY (for two years the champion of Ameiica), others equally good. All young stuflf of weaning age sold; am booking orders for future delivery. Write your wants ; we are bound to please you. — ^ L. FRENCH. Proprietor. Fitzgerald. N. O. Rockingham Co., 24 miles south-west of Danville, Ya., on D. k W. Ry. Products are Good FOR SALE Choice Bred A. J. C. C. Bull Calves Vrite for descriptive circular. General Offices, 520 & 534 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Md> 1903.] THE SOUTHERN PLANIER. 283 patented something for the comfort of the little ones — the "catch-all bib." It was a woman (naturally and prop- erly) who invented the baby carriage, realizing about $50,000 from her in- vention; but, I am sorry to say, I have not been able to ascertain her name. Doubtless, too, it was a wo- man who invented the safety pin, which has been such a boon to babies and saved their little tender flesh from so many cruel scratches which com- mon pins would have inflicted. The first native born American wo- man to take out a patent was Agda- lene Goodman, of Florida, who devised an improvement in broom brushes. The first female name that occurs on the records of the Patent Office is that of Mary Kies, inventor of the art of weaving straw with silk or thread, but she was foreign-born. The straw industry was founded in 1798 by Miss Betsy Metcalf, and tradition says she wove the first bonnet from only seven straws. A Chicago woman invented the paper water pail, and a clever wo- man made a fortune by the invention of a glove buttoner. Miss Carrie Hurl- but, of Washington city, is the inven- tor of an accordion pleater, and is now engaged on an invention des- tined to be of great use to the shoe trade. Amongst recent female inventors, honorable mention should be given to Mrs. E. C. Bell, of Washington, who has invented a telephone mouthpiece and holder, and to Mrs. Mary Baker, who has invented a practical fire escape. At the Atlanta Exposition there was a special department for the inven- tions of women, and this was not the least interesting feature of the occa- sion. Edison has been quoted as say- ing that "he prefers women machin- ists for the details of his electrical in- ventions, as he thinks they have a more delicate perception of machinery than men." The female inventors who have gone on record are about 200 in num- ber. Errata to be corrected in my two articles on "Inventions Which Brought Wealth," published respectively in the February and March numbers of The Southern Planter: Dr. Bell offered a half interest in his telephone to John A. Logan for ?2,500.00 (twenty-five hundred dol- lars), not ?25.00. W. M. Jenne, of Ilion, N. Y., was the inventor of the typewriter, not W. M. Jenrie, of IJvin, N. Y. Mabt Washington. COLLIE PUPS! By prlze-wlnnlne Imported slreBand tralneO 4l»mt. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or Dftnn. Frl««, $10, either MX. Also a boob on the oare and training of the Collie for all praotioal usee. Price, 60c. Copy of book free to purchaser of OoUle. Stock Pom, "MAPLBMONT," Albwy, Ver. DEAL DIRECT V^ FACTORY lioii't (my rPlHil )iiire for oarringes or harness. Write for our catalogue and k'uni about our sysH'ni of Helliii'.^ direct from factory to customer. Two i)rotil8 aresavi'il to you. Saiislaction is Kuuranloecl, or j'ou can return the ijurchase uiul vvi \\\M pay frrl};lit cliarges botti ways. We have the largest assortment of lui:igi. s. surrevs, phseKius, carriages, and other higli grade vehicles, well as harness, horse rugs and other horse accessories, in America. Write A.r the catalogue to-day. THE COLUMBUS CARRIAGE & HARNESS COMPANY, Factory and General Office, COLUMBUS, 0. 1 Write to Western Office and Distributing House, ST. LOUIS, HAD. J nearest office. ^30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT We are the largest manufacturers of Vehicles and Harness in the world selling to consumers exclusively. WE HAVE NO AGENTS but ship anywhere for examination, guaranteeing safe deliv- ery You are out nothing 1 it not satisfied. We make «9B styles of vehicles and j65 styles of harness. Visitors are always welcome ^=ii^^= — at our factory. 7I9--Driving Wagon Xin.KellyRubberTires. Large CataJoaue FREE. t nee ^uo.50. As good as sells for $40 more. 'Send for it -, „„ o — -. -.. -^ — ■*... ...u. c. oena jor ti, ELKHART CAREIAC-E & HARNESS MFG. CO., Elkhart, Ind. No. 349— Canopy Top Trap. Price $93. As good as sells for $50 more. JERSEY GATTLE Bred from high-testing St. Lambert Cows. LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS. The BACON BRBED now leading all other breeds for making high-priced bacon, INDIAN GAMES-The king of table fowls. WHITE WYANDOTTES— The best general-purpose fowl. WHITE liEGHORNS— All sold out. Address qllsTra illlsnaisuaisuaEiiaSuEllsTfHlisu^ We Have Some EXTRA CHOICE Berkshire Boar Pigs READY FOR SHIPMENT, AND OTHERS SOON TO BE READY. THEY ARE FINE. AND FROn PROLIFIC SOWS 7, 9 AND 13 TO LITTER. POREST HOME EARM^ Purcellville^ Vo. Bi jaEiiaisuaisTraisifBEn^llsn^tsiRlEif^ i HOLSTEINS THAT PAY. Purchasers are offered selections from our herd, both male and female ; our cows are of the leading strains, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, Mech- thildes. Hengervelds, Netherlands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are 11 well bred and milking from 40 to 65 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Ury ALWINA Count Paul De Kol and DeKol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2. THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Sylmar, Md. When you write to an advertiser, always say you saw the adver- tisement in THE SOUTHSBN PLANTER. 284 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April THE JOY OF WORKING. Think not, Sir Man-of-Leisure, as you peep lazily through your heavily curtained window at the scurrying 7 o'clock crowd on the way to its daily toil, that you have the best of it be- cause you can snuggle back beneath your luxurious covering and sleep un- til Jeems or Meadows brings your morning coffee and paper and asks if you prefer the Yellow Dragon or the Green Devil for your forenoon spin. Do not lay the flattering unction to your soul that yours is the happier lot. Yonder youth with swinging step, with fists dug deep into the pockets of his thread-bare coat and a cold luncheon wrapped in paper tucked be- neath his arm, tastes a finer, sweeter joy than all your luxury can bring. His is the pleasure of incentive — the glory of work. For there is a zest to it all. The quick spring from bed at the alarm clock's summons, the hastily-swallowed breakfast, then out into the wine-like air of early morning. To work — vig- orous work of brain or brawn, whether it be pegging away at a desk or di- recting the eternal grind of clanking machinery. It is occupation — accomplishment! Do not pity these work-a-day folk. Save your sympathy for the hapless and hopeless idle fellows — the unfortu- nates or unwillings, alike commiser- able. Joy goes with the working masses. There is joy in the noonday luncheon, whether in a gilded cafe or a cold snack hastily devoured "before the whistle blows." The evening meal is a feast to the weary man, and his well-earned rest is the greatest joy of all. Hard work is the best of all cures for insomnia. Thank God you can work! Though your oflSce labor strains your nerves and racks your brain; though the "shop" takes the best of your strength and vitality, be glad to be living, an active part of the working world. You must earn your amusements be- fore you can enjoy them. Ennui has no part in the strenuous life. Be glad, for conscience sake, that you are not one of those most misera- ble of all men, a fellow without a job — a human machine standing idle, rust- ing and losing its value from disuse. Thank Ood you can work! When sorrow and grief come, when you seek to forget, to crush out cruel thoughts, thank God that you can ab- sorb yourself In your ' occupation, plunge deep Into the details of your duty. Thank Ood that you can work — that you can grasp your pay envelope and say: "This is mine — the rightful pay for the labor of my brain, the just earnings of my strong right arm." The BEST Threshing; Outfit for a tlireslierman to buy and for a farmer to use is the Furquhar Cplebratcd A.IAX TIlRKSlIliNfttJiWlNE and the K.VRQlillAR SEPARATOR. Engines made In 8izes4 h. p. andup, andconihine the advantages of nil siineesstul engines. Easy steamers an^i develop more than rated horse-power. Have driver's seat, foot- brake and two Iniectors. SEPARATORS ofaH styles and_ """ ~ slzer for merchant threshing or farm use. Farquhar There is no record of a I FARQUHAR BOILER having exploded machines have all late improvements, they thresh " ' idi " " " and clean all kinds of grain perfectly. Catalogue of r^ugmes, Tnreshiug Maohinerj Saw Mills, Agricultural Implements, free. A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd YORK, PA. RUMSBY^WILLIAMS COMPANY QASOLirSK ENGINES and GRAIN THRESHERS. ST. JOHNSVILLE, NEW YORK. SIR JOHN BULL and UNCLE SAM Have become so famous that I found a multiplication of their progeny necessary to the filling of orders ; hence I have added a large number of purest-bred Imported and American Sows, not akin to my old herd, and most of them now in farrow to Im- ported Berkshire Boars of a new strain. HUNTINQ DOQS and PUPS FOR SALB. A DURHAH BULL CALF, a picture, cheap. Write for particulars. THOS. S. WHITE, Fassif ern Stock Farm, liexington, Ta. f>A/»A^SA A A^*^ i ^^^^S ECCS for HATCHING From Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch Guaranteed of the following varieties: — PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE LEGHORNS and PEKIN DUCKS at $1.00 per sitting of 15. BRONZE TURKEY Eggs, $3 per doz. Jersey and Guernsey Cattle and Berkshire Pigs. Four handsom e Great Danes and three Fox Terrier Puppies. M. B. ROWE <& CO., Fredericksburg. Va. EASTERN SHORE POULTRY FARM. S. C. WHITE, BROWN and BUFF LEGHORNS. THE EGG MACHINES OF POULTRYDOM. The record at such shows as Washington, D. C, Philadelphia and New York proves the quality of my stock is second to none. I always breed my winners. Correspondece cheerfully answered. A. C. VAN DEMAN, leghorn specialist, ParkSLEY, Va. When corresponding with advertisers, say you saw their adver- tisement in the Southern Planter. 1903.J THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 285 BILTMORE FARMS. - Biltmorb. N. C. | Headquarters for GOUDEN LAD JERSEYS, ^ Also get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGOLD. > > > GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR, First and Bweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, tiie champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality that wins in the show ring. SPECIALTY, Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for breed ing and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selecttd dams. .Many of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. Jt- ^ BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS, jft. jf. SPECIALTY, Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize- winning pens. Over 50 yards to select from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If yon want winners yoo must breed from winners. Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. APPLY TO BILTMORE RARMS, Biltmore. n. o. IMPFRIAl FRUIT AND POULTRY FARM Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains -and careful matings of Barred Buff and White Plymouth Rocks, Silver-Laced and White Wvandottes, S. C B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks^ AT SUOO RER SITTING, EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL RIT GAMES, Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2 per Sitting We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs for sitting. Offer Fifty Barrels White French or Jerusalem Artichokes at $2.50 per 3 bus. bbl. The cheapest of all hog feeds. I raised 500 bushels on one acre of only fair land. Order at once. Write name and address plainly. Remember, the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on one. Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. P. H. HEYDENREICH, = Staunton, Va. 286 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April Be thankful, employer as well as em- ployee, for the joy of working. You Icnow the pleasure of it. Do not deceive yourself by the prom- ise (nine times in ten a pleasant lit- tle Action) that by-and-by you will re- tire, ease up, end your life in idle luxury. The business game is not alone for the pleasure of the spoils, but for the Joy of playing it. What the world may call greed and avarice you know to be the fascina- tion of success — the intoxication of ac- complishment; and it will keep you untiringly at it — on your mettle in the battle — till the end of life. For life is work. And work is life. — D. Herbert Moore, in Judicious Advertising. We present herewith a cut of the Empire King Spraying Pump, which Is manufactured by our advertising patrons, the Field Force Pump Co., of Elmira, N. Y. These people are manufacturers of a large and com- plete line of machinery, apparatus, and appliances devoted to the very essen- tial and necessary practice of spray- ing. They have about everything anybody could wish in this line, from the small bucket sprayer to their Or- chard Monarch, which is a large mounted power machine. The outfit, however, which is something of a spe- cialty with them, is shown here. This Is due to several things, among which may be named its ready adaptability to all conditions and to all classes of work. It is small enough and low enough in price to fit the needs of the man having only a small orchard, and yet, if properly handled, it will fit the requirements of the large fruit grower. We cannot take the space to further describe it, hence recommend that all those who are interested in spraying write the manufacturers for their printed matter on this subject. They will be glad to mail this to you, with- out cost, if you mention this paper in writing. Mention the Southern Planter in writing At WHOLESALE or RETAIL. 65 Head of SHORTHORNS (Durham) 1-3 Registered; 1-3 Eligible; 1-3 Grades. CALVES, YEARLINGS, TWO-YEAR-OLDS, COWS. The head of the herd is a FANCY B.^^ED BULL. Tue lot will be sold to a breeder at a bargain. Cattle in perfect health. THOS. S, WHITE, - Lexington. Va. 'THE OAKS SHORTHORNS FOR SALE 2 Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Beg. Coves; 1 ihree-y ear-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised south of Petersburg. Va. All right in every particular. — B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. Farmers Mutual Benefit Association. A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for farmers, under an amended and well protected plan. Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire and Lightning, only country property — no stores o' unsafe risks. Policj holders amply secured— all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other plans, and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured. $330,000, and increasing yearly. Estimated security in real and other estate, $750 000. For further information, addreea, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent, MMHTIOH THim JOUKHJH,. CHESTICR, VIR9INIAm 1903.1 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. Wy^^r^^^0^^^^^^0y^F^^^^0y^^^^l^0\ LAIOLAWS m CONCENTRATED TOBACCO POWDER, Sheep Dip and Cattle Wash. A StJRE CURE FOR THE EXTERHINATION OF SCAB AND TICK IN SHEEP. LICE ON HORSES AND CATTLE. LICE ON HOGS. MANGE ON DOGS. Kills all vermin. Allays all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on flesh. ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS. PRICES : 5-Ib. bag, 75c. ; 10-lb. bag, $1.25 ; 25-lb. bag, $2.60 ; 50-lb. bag, $5.00. One 50-lb. bag makes 500 gallons Dip for Scab, and 1,000 gallons for Tick, etc. SOLE MANUFACTURERS, LAIDLAW, MAGKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A. To be had at all leading Drug stores. I Hack ney Stallion Cismont, J^. S:. S. B. 399. IN THE STUD AT CISMONT FARM, One and a half miles from Keswick, Va., on the C. & 0. Railroad. Telephone Connection with CHARLOTTESVILLE and RICHMOND, VA. For approved mares, $10.00 the season with return privilege, or $15.00 to insure. G. S. LINDENKOHL, Owner, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va. 288 THE SUUl HERN PLANi ER. [April UNEXPECTED ANSWERS. A man who answered advertise- ments in cheap "story papers" has had some interesting experiences. He learned that by sending $1 to a Yan- kee he could get a cure for drunken- ness. And he did. It was to "take the pledge, and keep it." Then he sent 50 two-cent stamps to find out how to raise turnips successfully. He found out: "Just take hold of the tops, and pull." Being young, he wished to marry, and sent 34 one-cent stamps to a Chicago firm for informa- tion as to how to make an impression. When the answer came, it read: "Sit down on a pan of dough." It was a little rough; but he was a patient man, and thought he would yet suc- ceed. Next advertisement he answer- ed read: "How to double your money in six months." He was told to con- vert his money into bills, fold them, and he would see his money doubled. Next he sent for twelve useful house- hold articles, and he got a package of needles. He was slow to learn, so he sent $1 to find out "How to get rich." "Work like the devil, and never spend a cent." And that stopped him; but his brother wrote to find out how to write a letter without pen or ink. He was told to use a lead pencil. He paid $1 to learn how to live without work, and was told on a postal card to "Fish for suckers, as we do." — From an Exchange, in Our Duml) Animals. THE HEALTH OP YOUR HORSE. A valuable little book to horsemen is published by the Newton Horse Remedy Co., of Toledo, O., in which symptoms are described whereby ail- ments can be recognized, and in which remedies and treatment are given for specific diseases. The proprietors have built up a reputation that is famous on Dr. Newton's Heave, Cough, Dis- temper, and Indigestion Cure, and they will be pleased to send the book free to all who make a request for it. Farmer Brighton, of Fairfield, la., is just entering upon an advertising campaign in this paper. In his com- bination tool — the Swine V to prevent hogs from rooting. Cattle Dehorner, and Stock Marker — Farmer Brighton has something which other farmers want and buy liberally, else he could not afford to advertise it. His ad., headed, "No Humbug," and accom- panied by a cut, shows the tool and a hog's snout operated upon to show how it works. Look up this ad., if you keep hogs or have occasion to mark or dehorn. BUGGIES FOR THE MILLION. The opportunity to get one of the famous Split Hickory Vehicles at the low prices at which they are now offered to the public by manufacturers Is one that it is the part of wisdom to take advantage of. Especially is this CROP ESSENTIALS are cultivation and keeping down weeds. More important than deep cultivation is keeping the surface stirred, breaking the crust due to rains, and allowing the light, air, moisture and warmth to penetrate quickly to the roots of the growing plant, for doing just these things the ideal imple- ment is the Adjustafile Weeder and Shallow Cultlvator. It kills the weeds at first showing, the top soil is pulverized and kept mellow, the plaht roots are not disturbed and the moist soil is not brought up to dry in the sun. Adjustable in width. Narrows to 30 inches, widens to 7}^ feet. Strong, runs steady, no cumbersome shafts. Furnished either with round teeth or with flat to suit different soils, as we are licensed by the Hallock Weeder Company to use their famous flat teeth. Weeder booklet mailed free. We also make 10 styles Corn Planters, 12 styles Cultivators, 20 styles Corn Shel- ters, hand and power, Harrows, Field Rollers, Feed Cutters, etc. Write for catalogue C. KEYSTONE FARM MACHINE CO., ^ 1554 N. Beaver St., York, Pa. KEYSTONE Reg. HOLSTEIN-rRIESIAN CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietertje and Artis families. Heavy milkers and rich in butter fat. Stock of all ages for sale. RCQ. BERKSHIRES From noted strains, Imported Headlight, Lord Highclere and Sunrise. -^^._^DO/?SHT SHEER -^> B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, Fifteen Cockerels for sale. N. and w. and Southern R. R. T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va. *.x POLAND CHINA BOARS THE KIND THAT GETS BIG. Send your check and we will send you as good a pig as money will buy anywhere, hired by a son of " Proud Perfection." We pay the expressage. No guesswork what the cost will be. If you don't like the pig. give it a good feed, send It Back, ezprrssage prepaid, and we will return your check. We are careful in selecting animals and would not sell a poor one at ANY PRICE, for It would spoil our trade. PRICES :— 2 months old, 810 ; 3 months old, $11 ; 4 months old, $12. No more sows or sow pigs for sale. I BULLFIELD FARMS, - Doswell, Virginia. nriNG IS EASY and you have an outfit always ready at a moment's notice for a small or large job in the SPB* %#' GARFIELD KNAPSACK SPRAYER. I Best sprayer made for nine-tenths of all work, as CoUon, Tobacco, Potatoes, Gardens, Shrubbery, etc. Easily carried and worked, simple and durable. Copper tank concaved to flt back, and all brass pump. Nothing to corrode. We also make the Empire King and Orchard Monarch, mounted sprayers f orlarge operations, and others for all purposes. Fully described to free catalog. Writeforit. FIELD FORCE PUMP CO., 223 Eleventh St„Elmlra, N.Y. SLUG SHOT Kills Insects on Melons, Potatoes^ Cabbage and Flowers. SOLO DY SEEDSMEN EVERYWHERE. Used 22 Years. Sand for Free Booklet on Bugs and Blights to B, HAMMOND, FISHKILL-ON^HUDSON, NEW YORK. 1U03.] THE SOUTHERN PLAN TER. 289 true in view of the fact that thirty days are allowed every purchaser, who desires it, to try the buggy on his own premises and ascertain by actual use and inspection how good the vehi- cle actually is. The first step is to send your address to the Ohio Car- riage Mfg. Co., Station 41, Cincinnati, O., for their illustrated catalogue and price list. The rest of it is easy. Their catalogue illustrates and quotes prices on vehicles, harness, and saddles of every description also, and will be found interesting to all horse owners. "OLD HICKORY'S" FAIRNESS. Andrew Jackson has two sorts of reputation. He is credited, on the one band, with being the father of the spoils system; but, on the other hand, he is said to have been staunch and stubborn against wire-pulling. A story told In the Washington Post throws light on the best side of Jackson's character. When Jackson was President, Ma- jor Gibbon, a New Jersey man, was postmaster at Richmond, Va. A dele- gation from Richmond waited on Jack- son to demand the postmaster's place for a Democrat. "Isn't Major Gibbon an old soldier of the Revolution?" asked Jackson. "Well, yes." "Any charges against his official character?" "No-o; but he stumps uu and down the streets of Richmond abusing you and your administration." "Does he?" said Jackson, grimly. "Yes; and, besides, he's an old-time Federalist." "Well," said Jackson, seriously, "you call to-morrow morning and you shall have an answer." When the delegation had withdrawn Jackson sent promptly for the Audi- tor of the Post-Office Department. "Mr. Auditor, what sort of an official is Major Gibbon, postmaster at Rich- mond?" "A model postmaster, Mr. Presi- dent." "Any charges against his official in- tegrity?" "None whatever, sir. His accounts are scrupulously correct and always rendered on time." "That will do, Mr. Auditor. Good morning!" The next day the delegation called promptly, expecting to receive Major Gibbon's head. "Gentlemen," said Jackson, "you ad- mitted yesterday no charge lies against Postmaster Gibbon's olBcial character or conduct. This is verified by the accounting officer of the Treas- ury. But you dwelt on the fact that he villifies me and openly opposes my politics. For that you would have me turn adrift and penniless an elderly RUPTURE ^URRD while vou wort TVTn «„,«> ., ^"" P"^ *J when cured. wVtbfSokVai^e. *^^^- ^^^^«^' «°' "*'- Registered HEREFORD CATTLE. Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 76059 19083). Lara Jr. 85297. FOR SALE — A choice lot of bull calves and yearling bulls. The bull calves sold recently weighed 600 lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right. MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owner. Keswick. Va. HEREFORD CATTLE Annefield Herd Richly Bred rn •'Anxiety" Blood and Headed by the Sweepstakes Winner at Kansas City iQOif / PRINCE RUPERT No. T9539. ) f'EE. $25. OO FOR THE SEASON OF 1903. ) CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. INSPECTION INVITED. ? ANNEFIELD FARMS, - Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. BACON HALL FARM. IIEQEFOBDiinTEBEDCIITTLE "TOP" BREEDINQ, CALVES NOT AKIN. MOTTO— Satisfaction or no Sale. E. M. GILLET & SON, Qlencoe, Maryland. HEREFORD C A TTl*.— Calves, entlUed to registration, P5 to SIOO. Gra^e Calves by "8lT Edward " $25 to $40. SHROPSHIRE SHEEP.— Bucks, one year old and over, $15 to $20. Buch LAmbs, July de- livery, JIO. and 512. Ewe IJanibs, July delivery, $8. and $10. Peiolltan *' 1 00 1 86 Everybody's " 1 00 1 86 Munsey " ; „.. 1 00 1 35 Strand " 1 25 1 65 McClure's " 1 00 1 35 Argosy " 1 00 1 36 Review of Reviews................. 2 60 2 75 Leisure Hours 1 00 1 26 Blooded Stock 60 60 Where yon desire to subscribe to two or more of the publications named, you can arrive at the net subscription price by deducting 50 oents trom " our price with the Planter." If yon desire to subscribe to any other pnbllca tlons not listed here, write us and we wlU oheerfUlly quote clubbing or net subscription rates. Subscribers whose time does not expire until later can take advantage of our club rates, and have their subscription advanced one year from date of expiration of their ■nbsoriptlon to either the JPUmter or any of the other publications mentioned. Don't hesitate to write us for any informa- tion desired ; we wUI cheerfully answer any ••ne6i>ondence. We furnish ne fcm^ie eopie* at other perl- OOleala. Seed |4oase of the South. BK]> OLOTKB, HAMMOTBt GLOVER, CBIHfcON GliOTXR, WMITE CI.OTXR, liVGKRIti: CIMlTEn, AI.STKJE CI.O'VKB, BOKHARA OI.OTER. JAPAN GI. "Whatsoever One Sowelh. That Shall He Reap." We seU strictly reliable FIEIiI> AND GARDEN SEEDS •! every variety at liOwest Marlset rates, included in wliich are RAOIiAlin>'S PEDIOREE TORACCO SEEDS. _We ALSO SBLL Our Ovsrn Brands of Fertilizers For Tobacco, Corn. Wheat, Potatoes, &c. Pare Raw-Rone Meal, Nova Scotia and Tircinia Plaster and Fertilizing Materials generally. Parties wishing to purchafie will find it to their interest to price oar goods. Samples sent by mail when desired. Wm. A. Miller & Son, 1016 Main Street LYNCHBURG, VA. Headquarters for Nursery Stock. We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. ALL STOCK TRUE TO NAME. Apples, Pears, Peach, Plum, Apricots, Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and Cherry, Chestnuts, Shade Trees, Quinces, Walnuts, Evergreens, Almonds, Small Fruits, Roses, Etc. CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ..AGENTS WANTED.. FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY Co., Baltimore, Md. aceKu' Clean yonr land of brush and filth and doable yonr money invested. I HAVE DONE IT. Come and gee for yourself; If not satisfied, I -will pay your R. R. fare and expenses. 49~See Bulletin No. 27, Bureau Animal Indnstry Department of Agrloultare, for Information aboat tbe Angora. M. M. SUTHEELAKD, WytheTiUe, Va. 300 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. [April Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS. 0ft£^p l^m^^%fm^' AApinwall Potato Planter. Antomarlo, Accurate and Reliable. Used by thousands of practical growers the world over. Over twenty years on the market. Don't be fooled by imitations and make-shifts, bat write for attractive Illustrated catalogue. Steel Lever Harrows. Wood Harrows— All sizes. Disc Harrows— All sizes. Spring Tooth Harrows— All sizes. Acme Harrows— All sizes. Harrows of all styles kept in stock at low- est net prices. Special prices given on Studebaker and Brown Wagons, Buggies and Carts. Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Stude' baker Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Studebaker Runabouts. Buckeye Force Pumps. Porcelained Wood Pumps. Wood and Steel Wind Mills. ELI BALING PRESSES. S8 styles and sizes. For horseor steam power. Write for prices and •atalogaes. Bement Disc Cultivator, with 6 or 8 Disc. Built entirely of steel, steel forgings and malle- able Iron. The most simple and easiest adjusted cultivator on the market to-day. Write for oll^ culars and testimonials. The SCIENTIFIC Qrinding Mills. The Improved Foos Gas and Gasolene Engines. DON'T FORGET! All the merchants In town who claim to sell Oliver Plows and Repairs only sell the Imitation, Bogus, Cheap Ooods. The only place In Richmond, Va., to buy Genuine Oli- ver Plows and Repairs Is at 1436 and 1438 East Alain Street. o^^a^,^'- Cahoon Seed Sower. Michigan Wheelbarrow Sower. Three sizes. CUilBERLAND VALLEY CORN SHELLERS, One and Two Hole. The firame Is made of thoroughly drv bard wood. Thejolnts m.ortl8ed, tenoned andbolted. The bearings are bolted on to the frame Instead of screwed. The iron work Is made ft'om the very best material, and ever piece Is carefully Inspected before being put on. This machine Is high-grade all the way through. It fi handsomely painted, striped and varnished. Write forspecial catalogue and price on any Implements wanted. Frick and Aultmen and Taylor Engines, Saw Mills and Threshers. Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader, Three sizes- One and Two-Horse Planter, Plain or with Fertilizer Attachment. Superior Grain and Fertilizer Drills. Hoe and Disc. "Bement" Improved Duplex Tooth Weeders. Write for circulars and prices. HENING & NUCKOLS, z^'trA J436-3t E.Main Street, BIGHMOND,U. WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE WHEN AN 55 INCH. ATTRACTIVE WOVEN J WIRE FENCE CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN LESS COST? THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING is made in many heights and styles for taming the smallest to the largest animal. "Write for special catalogue and prices. THE EVANS STEEL-FRAME N PLANTEH Will drop accurately any desired distance, and any quantity fertilizer. Extra Plates for Peas and Beans at small cost. Use one and be con- vinced it has no equal. EVANS TWO ROW CHECK OR DRILL PLANTER is made entirely of Steel, and fertilizer attachment is so arranged as to pre- vent the distribution of fertilizer when it is not needed. Special cat. mailed on application. THE EUREKA CORN piAiyTpD Is noted for ita sim- plicity. Write for our price. PEA HULLER S* — it wUl pay to inspect the " STAB." Will hull and clean from 10 to 15 bus. of peas every hr "V" CRIMPED STEEL ROOFING— Made in lengths of from 5 to lO feet. The most economical roof for barns and all out houses. DISC HARR O WW S ■ — send for special catalogue of the " THOMAS," with self-oiling boxes, lightest draft and strongest harrow made. OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE CU I I ERb — For hand or7power. The strongest, simplest and best made. Write for prices, catalogues ana testimonials. CROWN HOE DRILLS. THOMAS, OWEGO AND PENNSYLVANIA DISC DRILLS. If yon want the latest improved drill, and one that will do the most thorough work, see catalogues of these before bnyinglelsewhere. h IDEAL FEED MILL AND POWER ' w^/ Iwl I Iw E D Has no e(][ual for grinding shelled grain, com and cob j" into excellent feed. The Horse-Power is very useful for running other machinery : as well. A foil line of mills for horse and steam power. I ! P L w WW Sb Try an " Imperial " and you will not want any other, f It is admitted by all who have used it to be the best in the world. P THE TIGER RIDING DISC CULTI- I y A TO R With its BALL BEARINGS, PIVOT TONGUE which changes instantly the direction of the disc by the slightest pressure of the foot, Staggered I Spoke Wheels, and gangs that can be changed almost instantly to throw either to or from the centre is the most desirable made. MIDDLE DISCS furnished to change into Disc Harrows. Send for special catalogue and prices. FANNING M I LLSa — We can strongly recommend the " LYONS " for cleaning any kind of grain or grass seed. Does its work clean, and praised by every one who has used it. EVERYTHINQ THE FARM NEEDS WE CAN SUPPLY, AND THAT AT A CLOSE PRICE. THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. "4 NORTHWESTERN TZ'l^^Z. 3.IORQANIZED 1$57. PURELY MUTUAL. THE BES T COMPANY FOR THE POLICY-HOLDER. fri^AmongJ tie' 25; leading 'companiee, THE NORTHWESTEEN shows the loweet'rate of lapees and surnndere. A satisfied membership is the best of arguments. A NORTHWESTEEN policy permite jou to leave a fixed annual|;income to your widow, out of reach of peculation, speculation, or loss. 'T. ARCHIBALD GlieY, Gen. Agt. for Ya. and N. G., J20i E. Main St., Richmonil, Va. \ _._: .»^ __. . ■^ »u.» .i »_L.» gME,.Has=s--'::i.i fc - 1 !■■«- l i l w 5 STRONG. HEALlcZ' ^ ND SLMW^WORS ES Are xneTey.^ ^^^13 -- ^ ' 'g OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- DITION POWDERS, x. ,' J^S^^ fat and smooth Cattle and healthy Milch Cows, give DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use DIXIE ZflTEZlVE AJSm BONTE TJINXVUISNT—Beist on earth for Man or Beaat. Large Bottle 25 eta. ; everywhere. % ^■1^ OWENS « MINOR DRUQ CO., Richmond. Va. I VlRGINIA^-C AROLINA CH EHICAL Ca Southern flanufacturers OF a» FERTILIZERS ^ FOR Southern Farmers. THE FACTS: Largest producers of material I Largest makers of Fertilizers I THE RESULTS: Better Fertilizers ! Lowering prices I Increasing sales I Sales Off ices: RICHMOND, VA., NORFOLK, VA., DURHAM, N. C. AGENTS, - - - - EVERYWHERE. ESTATE BANK OF VIRGINIA JOHN S. ELLETT, Pr«iid't WM. M. HILL, OaakJM CAPITAL, $S0O.OOO. SURPLUS, $240,000.