Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty-Fourth Year. 



Southern Planter 



A MONTHLY JOURNAL 



DEVOTED TO 



Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 





OFFICE: 


28 NORTH NINTH STREET, 


RICHHOND, 


VIRGINIA. 


THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

J. P. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 


Proprietors. 


Vol. 


64. 


MAY, 1903. 




No. 5. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 



Editorial — Work for the Month 301 

Forage Crops .^ 304 

Suckering Corn .' 305 

Better Ploughing Pays 305 

Improvement of Southern Pastures 306 

The Need of Potash in Virginia Lands 308 

How to Prevent Tobacco from Drowning 308 

The Value of Soja Beans as a Forage Crop 308 

Restoring tbe Worn Lands of Virginia 309 

Black Rot of Sweet Fotatoes 309 

Ginseng Culture ■• q^ - 310 

'Artificial Propagation of Bermuda •" * ^ j*, 310 
Enquirer's Column (Detail Index, Page ot,^. - r /j|f , 

Notes from Southeastern Virginia 3j 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 

Editorial— Work for the Month 316 

Orchard and Garden Notes 317 

Watermelon Growing 318 

Cantaloupe Growing 318 

Hedge Plants 319 

Important and Welcome News for the Fruit 

Growers of Virginia 320 



LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: 

Editorial— The Male the Half of the Herd or 

Flock 321 

Black Leg— Texas Fever 321 

A Record Test for Milk and Butter of a Hol- 

stein Cow 322 

A Farmer's Observations on Feeding — Feeding 

for Profit 322 

Changing the Breeding Habit in Sheep 324 

Poisoning by Sorghum and Kafir Corn 324 

THE POULTRY YARD: 

Those Destructive Lice 325 

Ten Pointers in Successful Poultry Keeping. . . 325 

v Australian Laying Contest 326 

' O.itting Hens and Nests 326 

THE HORSE: 

Notes 327 

Sale of Imported Jerseys 328 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

Editorial— Good Roads 329 

An Important Virginia Industry 329 

Improving Land 330 

How the Farmer Has Been Educated 332 

Bermuda Grass from Seed 332 



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The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.==XENQPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. =-SULLY. 



64th Year. 



Richmond, May, 1903. 



No. 5. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The month of April up to this writing (20th of the 
month) has been throughout the South the most un- 
genial April Ave have ever known. It has been one 
succession of cold, showery days, with one of the 
sharpest frosts in the first week we have had since 
February. Following two months of excessive rain- 
fall, this weather has put the land into such a con- 
dition that no work has been or is even yet possible. 
In the past three months we have had nearly one-half 
of the average rainfall of the year. As the average 
rainfall of each year is usually about the same, we 
may reasonably expect that this wet spring will be 
followed by a dry summer or fall, and that the water 
now in the depths of the soil will be needed before 
crops are matured. It will be well, therefore, to con- 
serve this by keeping the surface mulched with fine 
soil as much as possible after crops are planted. In 
the .semi-arid regions of the West a new method has 
been introduced for conserving soil moisture, which 
is being found to be of great value. It is called the 
Campbell method of sub-surface packing. The 
method is to plow very deep, and by means of a spe- 
cially constructed implement to pack the bottom of 
the furrow and then to keep the surface well culti- 
vated and covered with a mulch of fine dust. By 
pursuing this method of conserving the winter and 
spring rains it has been found possible to make suc- 
cessful crops on land where little or no moisture fall? 



from June to the fall. An adaptation of this system 
may be found to be of service here in manv seasons. 



The condition of the wheat, oat, clover and grass 
crops are most promising. The genial weather of 
March set them to growing, and this has continued, 
notwithstanding the coolness of the month. The 
average condition of the wheat crop on April 1st 
throughout the coimtry was 97.3, as against 78.7 on 
April 1st, last year, and 82.1 the mean of the April 
averages of the last ten years. Virginia is ahead of 
i all the States in the condition of the crop, which 
stands at 103 as against 54 last year, and 84 for ten 
years. North Carolina stands at 100, as against 64 
last year. South Carolina at 93, as against 80 last 
year, and Maryland at 99, as against 70 last year. 
Tennessee, Kentucky and West Virginia have also a 
high average condition. Should there be no serious 
set back during the next three months, the promise is 
for the largest winter wheat crop ever grown. Grass, 
crimson and red clover have made splendid growth, 
and promise early and full crops of hay — crimson 
(•lover is being cut already for feed in this section. 



The work of planting the corn crop should be push- 
ed on as fast as the land can be got into good order. 
We would, however, strongly urge that too great 
haste be not made. Let the land dry and be thor- 
oughly worked before planting, even though the crop 



302 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



may be put iu somewhat late. As we pointed out in 
our article on "Work for the Month/' in our last issue, 
more depends on a fine condition of the seed bed than 
on the fertilizer that may be applied. Corn planted 
in cold, wet and cloddy land is not going to make a 
good crop, however well it may be cultivated after- 
wards. The best and most successful cultivation of 
the corn crop is that which precedes the planting of 
the crop. In our last issue will be found our views 
as to best method of planting and fertilizing the crop, 
and to that issue we refer our readers. 



The cultivation of the corn crop will require atten- 
tion through this month and the next. The object of 
cultivation is two-fold. One to kill the weeds, the 
other the conservation of the moisture in the land. 
The latter is the most important of the two. With- 
out abundant moisture the crop cannot be a success, 
and this conservation of moisture can only be secured 
by keeping the top three or four inches in a finely 
broken condition so as to destroy the capillarity of 
the soil. When once the soil becomes consolidated, 
moisture evaporates from it in the hot weather so 
quickly that the tender rootlets of the corn are abso- 
lutely prevented from securing the food needed to 
make growth. All plant food is taken up by plant- 
in a liquid form, and the amount of this liquid re- 
quired is enormous. At the Wisconsin station it has 
beeu proved that every pound of dry matter in a corn 
crop requires 310 pounds of water to make it. To 
secure this it is necessary not only to utilize the rain- 
fail during growth, but also to call upon the reserve 
moisture in the soil accumulated during the winter 
and spring months. This can only be done by keep- 
ing the surface soil finely broken. To plow the crop 
deeply will not serve this purpose. Plowing deeply 
and exposing large surfaces of the subsoil to the ac- 
tion of the air and sun is the way to dry it, and nor 
to conserve moisture. This method of cultivating' 
the crop has also the further disadvantage that it 
damages and breaks the tender roots of the plant, and 
thus curtails its feeding power. What is needed i>= 
to encourage the making of more roots rather thar 
the cutting off of those roots already made. Few 
farmers realize how quickly the corn plant will fill 
the ground with roots if the soil is in a fine condition 
and well supplied with moisture. Long before the 
corn is too tall to work the whole width between the 
rows should be filled with the feeding rootlets of the 
plants and to use a plow through these is to irrepara- 
bly injure the crop. The best implements to culti- 
vate a corn crop with for the first two or three work- 



ings are a harrow or a weeder. One or the other of 
these implements should be run over the crop before 
it breaks through the land, and this be repeated at 
intervals of five or six days until the crop is too tall 
to be thus worked. Whilst this may seem a harsh 
method, and likely to result in pulling up or injuring 
the plants, it will be found in practice to have no 
such effect, but will result in keeping a fine mulch 
on the surface and will destroy all weeds as. fast as 
they germinate, thus accomplishing at one time both 
the objects of cultivation. The number of times 
which a crop should be cultivated in order to secure 
the best results depends largely upon the character of 
the weather during the growing season. It should bo 
cultivated after every heavy rain as soon as the land 
is dry enough to work freely, and at other time? 
whenever the soil is showing signs of crusting or 
whenever weeds are appearing. The advantages of 
frequent cultivation are forcibly shown in an experi- 
ment made at the New Hampshire Station, 
where certain plats were given no cultivation, other 
plats were cultivated five times and other plats 
Avere cultivated fourteen times. Some of the 
plats were cultivated shallow and others deep. Oi 
the plats not cultivated the weeds grew luxuriantly, 
and the yield was 17 bushels of shelled corn to the 
acre. The plats cultivated shallow fourteen times 
yielded at the rate of 80 bushels of shelled corn to the 
acre. On the plats cultivated shallow five times the 
yield was 79 bushels of shelled corn to the acre. 
Where the plats were cultivated deep five times the 
yield was 69 bushels per acre. A plow should never 
be used to cultivate a corn crop. It has no place in a 
corn field after the crop is planted, except it may be 
in the rich river low ground, where climbing vines 
are so troublesome, growing between the plants in the 
rows. As these cannot be reached by a cultivator of 
any kind, and hoeing is too costly, a light furrow 
may be plowed on to them to smother them out, but 
the space between the rows should be cultivated level 
with either an Iron Age or disc cultivator after the 
crop is too well grown to be worked with the weeder. 
Keep the soil as nearly level as possible, and throAv 
no hills to the corn. The idea that throwing a hill 
to the corn will prevent it being blown down is a fal- 
lacy. If the corn roots have not been cut during 
growth by deep cultivation they will have such a hold 
on so large a surface of the soil that no ordinary wind 
storm will hurt the crop. Hills thrown to the corn 
only expose a much larger surface of soil to the dry- 
ing winds and sun, and lead to drouthing of the crop 
and a reduced, yield. Cultivate frequently and culti- 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



303 



vate level and shallow. At the last working sow 
either cow peas, sapling clover, crimson clover or 
rape, or a mixture of all these, and then in the fall 
after the crop is harvested there will be good pas- 
turage, the land will be protected from washing, and 
a humus making crop be ready to turn under in the 
apring. 



The chopping out and cultivation of the cotton 
crop should have attention as soon as the plants are 
large enotigh for it to be clearly seen which are the 
strongest and most likely to be left. The longer the 
chopping out is deferred the less plant food there 
will be left in the soil for the plant which is to make 
the crop, and the more the plant is likely to be drawn 
and spindling. Bring to a stand as soon as can be 
done with safety, and then cultivate frequently, and 
cultivate level. Do not use the plow, but an Iron 
Age or disc cultivator. The same principles apply 
to the cultivation of the cotton crop as to the cultiva- 
tion of the corn crop. Sow crimson clover at last 
working to cover the land in winter and make humus. 



Tobacco plants should be set out on well prepared 
land as soon as they are large enough. Better to 
plant small, stocky plants than drawn ones. In our 
last issue we discussed fully the preparation of the 
land for this crop and the fertilizer best fitted to 
.make a crop which will sell well. To this article we 
refer our readers. The indications are that for good 
tobacco there will be a good market next season a? 
stocks in dealers' hand are light and consumption is 
active. 



Peanuts should be planted this month. The de 
mand for these nuts has been good, and prices bettn 
than for some years past, and the stocks held by deal- 
ers are, we are told, small. This would indicate s 
good demand for the next crop, as the consumption i? 
a growing one both for domestic use and for oil and 
feeding purposes. We are strongly of opinion that 
if better methods of preparation of the land and ■ 
better system of rotation was followed and more con- 
sideration given to the requirements of the crop in 
the way of fertilizer, that much heavier crops would 
be grown than the average now raised. The crop it 
an important one in Eastern Virginia and North 
Carolina, and the land well suited for its production, 
but in many sections they have been too long grow- 
on the same land without a rotation of other crops 
According to the census reports, the area devoted t 
growing peanuts in 1899 in Virginia was 116,91-! 



ari-, and the product was 3,713,347 bushels, the 
average yield per acre heing 31 bushels. In North 
Carolina, in the same year, 95,856 acres were <]<■ 
voted to the crop, and the yield was 3,460,439 bush 
els, the average yield per acre being 36 bushels. 
These yields are too small to be profitable, and fall 
tar short of what can easily be made. Eifty bushels 
to the acre can readily be made by planting in a 
proper rotation and by fertilizing scientifically. One 
hundred bushels per acre have been frequently grown. 
Too often the practice is to follow peanuts with pea 
mils year after year until the land will not produce 
a crop worth gathering. At best, the only rotation 
is peanuts followed by corn, and then by peanuts 
again. This is too short a rotation. A more profi- 
table way would be to grow cow peas or soy beans, 
and then follow with peanuts, and after this crop 
plant sweet potatoes — the three crops to be followed 
each fall with crimson clover and oats or wheat 
mixed, to keep the ground covered during the winter, 
and to provide a. humus making crop to be plowed 
down in the spring. A dressing of 300 pounds to 
the acre of acid phosphate should be applied to the 
cow pea crop, and a mixture of 100 pounds of acid 
phosphate, 300 pounds of cotton seed meal, and 65 
pounds of muriate of potash, or 30 pounds of kaiuit 
to the acre should be applied before planting the pea- 
nuts. A dressing of 25 bushels of lime to the acre 
should be given every three or four years. We are 
satisfied that if such a system as we suggest be fol- 
lowed it will result in a much heavier average yield 
of nuts and the fertility of the land will be main- 
tained and enhanced. 



After the planting of the staple crops is completed 
attention should be given to the planting of forage 
crops. It is one of the cheering evidences of an 
improved system of farming being adopted in the 
South that we almost daily receive enquiries as to the 
proper forage crops to be planted and the method of 
growing and harvesting them. This is an indication 
that live stock is receiving attention and becoming a 
factor in farm economy. In the past the absence of 
this factor has been the great weak point in Southern 
farming. Live stock, instead of being regarded as 
the sheet anchor of successful farming, was looked 
upon as merely an incident of the occupation of land 
and as a means of getting rid of some of the wash 
products of the farm without regard to their profi- 
table utilization. If the corn stalks and straw 
sufficed to keep the animals, apart from the team, 
alive during the winter all was regarded as well. If 



304 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



not, why they merely pined to death or so near tc 
death as to be practically worth much less in the 
spring than in the fall. Now on thousands of farms 
the profit derived from cattle and sheep is a large ele- 
ment in the farm returns, and the resulting manure 
a great factor in reducing the fertilizer bills. This 
is as it should be. No country ever became a pros 
perous, fertile, agricultural country without live 
stock, and even on the highest priced lands in th 
world they are the main factor in securing a prof 
table result from farming. To succeed with live 
stock provision must be made for their maintenance 
all the year round by crops specially grown for thai 
purpose. The need for these in a hot climate is of tc 
almost as great during part of the summer as in the 
winter. We have known few summers in which in 
the South there were not one or two months, when in 
the absence of forage crops, cattle did not suffer from 
shortness of feed and make no progress towards ma- 
turity or maintain their flow of milk. All this can 
be obviated by growing a variety of forage crops 
coming to maturity at different seasons of the year. 
The climate of the South is especially favorable to 
the production of the greatest variety of the most 
nutritious forage crops, and due attention given them 
will place the stockman in a position to compete suc- 
sessfully with stock raisers in any section of the 
country. In another article in this issue we deal 
with this subject more fully, and to that refer our 
readers. 



When planting the corn crop don't forget to use 
some pumpkin seed with the corn. On the low grounds 
especially pumpkins can be grown with advantage 
in the corn, and will make an excellent return in the 
way of good feed for cattle and hogs during the 
winter, and at the same time do no injury to the corn 
crop ; inded, some growers maintain that they help 
the corn crop by shading the land and conserving the 
moisture. Mix the seed in the proportion of about 
1 of pumpkin to 5 or of corn. The Virginia Mam 
mouth is a good variety to grow. If not mixed with 
the corn r see that a field is planted with pumpkin? 
alone. Lay off the rows 6 feet apart, and drop the 
seeds (two or three at a place) 6 feet apart in the 
rows. The more fertile the land the better will be 
the yield. It will pay to give the crop some fertil- 
izer, say some cotton seed meal and acid phosphate. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



FORAGE CROPS. 

In our article "Work for the Month," we have 
drawn attention to the importance of making prepa- 
ration for the seeding and planting of forage and feed 
crops for live stock at this time of the year. The 
number and variety of these crops, which can be suc- 
cessfully grown in the South, is so great and their 
importance in the farm economy so weighty, that we 
■have thought it wise to devote a special article to the 
subject. These crops may conveniently be divided 
into three classes — first, those which planted now will 
make summer forage crops ; second, those which 
planted a little later, say June, will make fall and 
winter feed; third, those which planted still later 2 
say August, will make fall, winter and spring grazing 
and an early hay crop. In addition to these forage 
crops, there are the root crops, which are of such 
great service in the successful wintering of cattle, 
sheep and hogs. Of these mangold wurtzel and 
sugar beets should be planted this month, ruta baga 
turnips in July and August, common turnips in Au- 
gust and September, and artichokes in March and 
April. Among the forage crops in the first class 
above mentioned are the millets (Pencillaria, German 
and Hungarian), sorghums, and (south of the James 
river), Teocinte. Pearl or cat-tail millet (Pencil- 
laria, as it is called in the West) is one of the best of 
the millets for making a green forage crop to be cut 
and fed to cattle during the summer. Sown at the 
rate of one bushel to the acre, on well prepared land, 
in good fertility during May and June, it will make 
a crop ready to cut in fifty days, and will yield any- 
where from five to ten tons. to the acre, according to 
the fertility of the land. German and Hungarian 
millet may be sown from this time until the end of 
J uly, and will make a fine hay crop in from sixty to 
seventy days from the time of seeding. To make a 
heavy yield the land should be in a good state of fer- 
tility, and be finely prepared. Sow one bushel of seed 
per acre broadcast, cut and cure before the seed forms. 

Cow peas either sown alone or mixed with sorghum 
or millet make an excellent crop for green feeding or 
grazing or for hay. To be used for these purposes, 
they may be sown broadcast from May up to the end 
of J uly. Sow at the rate of one bushel to the acre, if 
sown alone, or, if mixed with sorghum or millet, sow 
three pecks of cow peas and a peck of millet or sor- 
ghum. If cow peas are wanted for a seed crop, they 
are better planted in drills two feet six inches apart, 
and scatter thinly in the drills. They should be cul- 
tivated once or twice, and will make a much heavier 
seed crop than if sown broadcast. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



305 



Soy beans are one of the best feeds that can be 
grown either for cutting green to be fed to hogs or 
other stock, or to be made into hay or to be allowed to 
stand until the seed matures for a seed crop. They 
are the richest of the leguminous crops in protein and 
fat, and at the same time are, like cow peas, improvers 
of the land. In our last two issues, and in this issue, 
will be found articles from farmers who have grown 
soy beans, speaking in the highest terms of the value 
of the crop and of its ease of cultivation and curing. 
They are best grown in drills two feet six inchts apart 
and dropped in the drills five or six inches apart. A 
peck of seed will sow an acre. They should be 
planted in May or June. 

Teocinte is a most valuable fodder plant either for 
cutting green or cured, but is not suitable for growing- 
north of the James river. It is a sub-tropical plant, 
growing very much like corn, but will not mature seed 
north of the Gulf States. This plant will make a 
much heavier yield of feed than corn, as it stools 
enormously after being cut, as many as fifty stalks 
having been counted coming from one seed. It may 
be cut two or three times during the summer. It re- 
quires rich land to produce these heavy yields. The 
land should be deeply and finely broken and the seed 
be planted in rows three to four feet apart. Two to 
three pounds of seed will sow an acre. The seed 
should be sown in May, or, at the latest, in June. 

In the second class of forage plants — that is, plants 
intended mainly for fall and winter feeding — sor- 
ghum and Kaffir corn are amongst the best. These 
crops may also be used for feeding green, sorghum 
of the Early Amber variety being an especially good 
green feed for cattle and hogs. The saccharine sor- 
ghums, like the Early Amber, are not so resistant of 
drouth as the non-saccharine ones, like Kaffir corn, 
and it is therefore often well to plant some of both 
varieties, so that if the season should prove a dry one, 
There will be a certainty of crop. Kaffir corn will 
stand drouth better than any other forage crop. Botl 
the forage and seed are good feed. These sorghums 
may be planted at any time from now to the end of 
July. They will make a crop on poorer land thai 
corn, but, like corn, will make the greatest yield or 
good land. They should be planted like corn, in rows 
three feet apart and the plant be left about four 
inches apart in the row. Cut and cure like corn. A 
peck of seed will sow an acre. When intended for 
a hay crop, from two to three pecks should be sow? 
broadcast, and the crop should be cut before the see^ 
forms, and be cured like hay. We will deal with the 
crops in the tliird class in later issues. 



SUCKERING CORN. 

There has always been considerable difference of 
opinion as to the injxiry which suckers do to the crop 
of corn. We are glad, therefore, to be able to report 
the following experiment made by Mr. C. F. Day, of 
Isle of Wight county, Va., on the subject. He says : 
"For years I have been pulling off the suckers when 
I could have it done, being of the opinion of many of 
the best farmers of this section, who thought it in- 
jured the corn not to pull them off. I determined, 
as it was a question of surmise, to grve the matter a 
practical test. 

"Last year I had a ten acre field of corn planted 
after potatoes, which was full of suckers. Thinking 
they would reduce the yield, I secured a force of 
hands and pulled them off, which I found to be the 
hardest job of any done during the year. I directed 
the manager on my farm to leave two rows at diffei*- 
ent places in the field with the suckers on. The rows 
were 200 yards long. 

"In the fall, when it was time to 'get in' the corn, 
I took two carts with some men, and superintended 
most carefully the gathering and measuring. From 
the two rows not suckered I gathered three flour bar- 
rels and a bushel and one-half in the ears. From the 
two rows alongside, which were suckered, I gathered 
three flour barrels and a scant bushel. So you will 
see I not only lost the cost of suckering, which is prob- 
ably three times as great as thinning, but I made less 
corn by half a bushel in the ears. I examined (but 
did not shuck) the other rows, and could see no dif- 
ference. 

"Now, whilst 'one swallow does not make a sum- 
mer/ nor may one experiment prove the truth, it was 
so convincing that I will never pull off any more 
suckers." 



BETTER PLOUGHING PAYS. 

Other Nations Beat us — Good Plows for Goon 
Ploughing. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Plows have been going for some time, and will be 
kept busy for a month yet to come. Generally, pains 
enough are not taken by ploughmen in the United 
States. The object of ploughing is twofold — to get 
the stubble, rubbish, grass and weeds buried, and to 
make the soil mellow, soft and fine, so that the roots 
of the plants to be grown upon the field may pene- 
trate it easily in all directions in search of nourish- 
ment and moisture. The Gohesion of the particles 
must be overcome and they must be loosened and 



306 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



separated from each other, because crops do not grow 
well among clods. 

Unlike the food of men and animals, the nourish- 
ment of plants must be in the liquid state, and the 
finer the soil is reduced the easier it is for them to 
obtain it This being the case, it is easy to under- 
stand that the better the reduction by ploughing and 
harrowing the better will be the crop. If we only 
"cut and cover" we should not expect the plants to 
nourish on the "balks," nor very well in other places. 

It has been frequently said, and is, no doubt true, 
that ploughmen in this country do not take pride 
enough in ploughing. In Great Britain ploughing 
matches are of frequent occurrence; the ploughmen 
by constantly striving after perfection become very 
expert. The writing master's direction: "Every 
line and every letter strive to make a little better," 
is as applicable to ploughing as to writing. In all 
kinds of work unless there is a constant effort made 
for improvement, the product will not be kept up to 
the high standard. We must continue to do our best 
all the time, or our workmanship will deteriorate. 
English, Scotch and Irish ploughmen beat us. In 
Canada also, according to Professor Shaw, the 
ploughmen excel us. He says that in a journey 
through Ohio he /did not see a really straight furrow. 
We have young men in this college who can turn a 
furrow as straight as an arrow course." 

Some may say it is only a matter of looks, and that 
grain will grow on a crooked furrow as well as on a 
straight one. So it will, if the crooked furrow is as 
well crumbled to pieces and refined, but such is not 
generally the case. Ploughing on a long curve may 
do tolerably well, but on short crooks the ground 
cannot be well pulverized, because there it is impos- 
sible to maintain an even furrow slice. 

Good ploughing cannot be done without a good 
plow. JSTo amount of skill or watchfulness on the 
part of the ploughman will avail with a poor tool. 
According to my experience a short plow with con- 
siderable twist in the mold-board will mellow up the 
furrow slice in a stubble field better than a longer 
plow with less twist in the mold-board. The short 
plow will require more power to draw it through the 
ground, because it is doing more work at crushing, 
kneading and disintegrating the particles of the soil. 
The long plow with but little twist in the mold- 
board is best for ploughing sod-ground, because it 
raises the furrow slice more gradually, lays it over 
so gently that it does not become broken or kinked 
and draws easier. 

To do the best work, and for the comfort of the 
ploughman, plows should have wheels to regulate the 
depth of the furrow and maintain an even depth on 
uneven ground. This cannot be done with the clevis. 

Wheel plows were common in England more than 



140 years ago. They used two wheels and four coult- 
ers on each plow. The coulters were not all placed 
in a straight line on the beam, but were fastened 
diagonally across the beam, the object being to cut 
up the ground to the width of the furrow slice be- 
fore it was turned. The jointer, or diminutive nlow, 
hung in the beam of some of our plows, which is so 
valuable for getting the grass and stubble under, is 
a modern invention. We find no account of it in the 
old English books on husbandry. 

Hales's Book of Husbandry, published in London 
in 1758, says: "Ploughing is the capital operation 
of husbandry." "To give the crop the full benefit 
of the land every lump should be broken." "The 
more we break the particles of earth the more we put 
the soil in condition to furnish plants with nourish- 
ment." J. W. Ingham. 

Our correspondent is undoubtedly right in assert- 
ing that the English ploughman is, as a rule, a 
much better workman than his colaborer here. There 
great rivalry exists between the ploughmen on neigh- 
boring farms and the work done under such circum- 
stances is of the best. We have seen scores of acres 
ploughed so skilfully that the furrows were as true 
and straight as though laid off with a ruler, and the 
width and depth of each furrow almost mathemati- 
cally exact. This results in an evenly grown and 
ripened crop and rows capable of being easily culti- 
vated by machinery. — En. 



IMPROVEMENT OF SOUTHERN PASTURES. 

Which Shall it be, Three Acres to Each Head 
of Stock, or Three Head of Stock to 
Each Acre ? 
Editor Southern Planter: 

It lies in the power of each and every land-owner 
throughout the entire South to determine the man- 
ner in which he individually will answer the above 
query. If he so elects, he can leave his so-called 
"pastures" in the condition so many of them are to 
be found in at this present time — to wit, three acres 
furnishing but a very scanty subsistence for one 
single head of live stock; or, if he so elects, he can 
so improve the general condition and fertility of his 
pasture as that a single acre of it shall furnish more 
and better grazing than is now furnished by three 
acres. 

I have seen high, dry and comparatively poor pine, 
sandy land, that would have been considered a dear 
bargain at 50 cents per acre, so enhanced in value by 
Bermuda taking complete and entire possession of 
it (though much against the owner's will or wishes 
in the matter) that $5 per acre would have failed to 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



307 



purchase it. I have seen many acres on high, dry 
and comparatively poor sandy pine hills that were 
so heavily set with Bermuda and the turf so dense 
that one single acre of it would, and did, furnish 
more and better grass than was furnished by three 
or more acres of rich bottom land where the so-called 
"native" grasses were the sole dependence. 

One reason the average southern pasture is no bet- 
ter than it is is on account of so many useless, un- 
sightly and pestiverous weeds that, each in its season, 
are allowed to take possession and crowd out the more 
useful and valuable grasses, as dog-fennel, sneeze 
weed, etc., and that pest of every lover of good milk 
and butter, the "bitter" weed, each and all of which 
might be eradicated by a little effort in the way of 
running the mower, or if too rough or too many 
washes and gullies, even a sythe, and cutting them 
just as they come into bloom and before any of the 
seeds have had time to mature. Hand-pulling is a 
somewhat slower, though surer, method. I have de- 
pended exclusively on the latter, hence it is a mere 
chance if I ever see any of them in my pastures, and 
if so, they are immediately pulled up and more often 
than any other way, carried to the fire and burned. 

I am satisfied that the leeside of a barb-wire fence 
is a rather poor protection from either a cold north- 
west wind or an easterly rain, sleet or snow, and it 
is an undoubted and indisputable fact that animal 
heat must somehow or other be maintained and also 
that said animal heat is far cheaper when maintained 
from the outside by the aid of a good shelter, than 
from within by the more costly carbonaceous foods. 
No pasture, even in the "Sunny South," is complete 
without some shelter for the stock- to run to from 
sudden northers, etc. "The merciful man is merci- 
ful ti his beast." 

Sufficient timber should be left for necessary 
shade, but as grass does not, and cannot, thrive where 
shade is too dense, all timber not actually needed for 
shade is a detriment to the pasture, and should be 
cut down without mercy. 

\\ haever arrangements are made about water, and 
from whatever source obtained (living springs are 
best), the supply should be both abundant and pure. 
The health of the stock is largely dependent on the 
water supply, and still more on the purity of that 
supply. . The fence should connect with the barn 
yard by at least a lane, if not other way, and be put 
up so firm, stout, close and high that any and all live 
stock enclosed therein shall be actually and positively 
restrained from depredating on either your own fields 
or those of your neighbors. This tends to keep 



peace in any neighborhood, and may save lots of 
trouble, both home and abroad ,as well as some ex- 
pensive law suits. 

The one great error into which many of our farm- 
ing friends have been led is that something can be 
obtained from nothing; that the pasture forms the 
single exception to nature's inexorable law of resti- 
tution or "so much for so much," and that as the 
animals are continually depositing excrementitious 
matter on every square yard, or even foot, of it, that 
instead of the soil of a pasture becoming depleted or 
exhausted of its fertility until grass refuses to grow 
and noxious weeds and useless moss supplant them, 
that the pasture of all places on the farm should 
finally become immensely rich and fertile, in fact, 
the richest land on the place. 

It is needless to undertake to prove the above to 
be a fallacy ; it proves itself on every hand the entire 
country over and i n each and every individual 
pasture. 

To keep a permanent pasture in good order and 
increase its ability for growing grass, hence its 
capacity for supporting stock, the soil should be fed, 
and the more liberally it is fed the greater the 
quantity of grass furnished by it and the better its 
quality, as far as succulence and nutrition is con- 
cerned. 

It is seldom necessary to apply nitrogen to a per- 
manent pasture, the droppings of the stock and the 
leguminous plants, as the vetches and clovers inva- 
riably found in every good pasture, tending to keep 
up the needed supply. Still I have derived both sat- 
isfaction and profit from an application of fifty or 
seventy-five pounds of nitrate of soda per acre broad- 
casted in early spring before the weather has become 
sufficiently warm for active nitrification to set in. 

The pasturing of stock, particularly of growing 
animals and of cows whose milk is sold, exhausts 
the phosphate and potash of the soil very rapidly, 
and it is important that these be restored if the sod 
is to be kept in the best condition. To do this 500 
pounds of a fertilizer containing 8 per cent, phos 
phoric acid and 8 per cent, potash may be applied 
per acre. 

It is a great mistake to locate the permanent pas- 
ture on the poorest part of the farm, as it requires 
as good soil, better and more thorough preparation 
and a greater amount of after-care to make and main- 
tain a really poor permanent pasture than it does for 
any other crop on the farm. But when all this has 
been efficiently and righ% done, abide from the 
vegetable garden, no other crop on the farm affords 



308 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



[May 



as much satisfaction nor so much clear profit, though 
more often than any other way, it gets the least 
credit for it. G. H. Turner. 

Burgess, Miss. 



THE NEED OF POTASH IN VIRGINIA LANDS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

As Mr. J. S. Woods, in the April number quotes 
me in regard to potash I feel that some additional 
words on the subject may not be amiss. Dr. Stubbs's 
experience was in the low-lands of a river heading 
in the Blue Ridge, and it is generally found that 
where this is the case that potash is plentiful in such 
lands. But if he applies the results there to all the 
sandy soils of Tidewater Virginia I think he will' 
make a serious mistake. The gradual decay of epi- 
dotic rocks in the Blue Ridge brings down the rivers 
that rise there a goodly supply of potash, which is 
lacking in the Tidewater section, where this is not 
the case. It depends very largely on the nature of 
the soil anywhere as to what its requirements are as 
to plant food. The lands that are devoted to tobacco 
in North Carolina are very different from the bot- 
tom lands of Albemarle and grow a very different 
tobacco. If Mr. Woods practices on the theory that 
phosphoric acid is all that tobacco needs he will soon 
find that he is growing a very poor grade of tobacco. 
While the lands of the Piedmont section are abun- 
dantly supplied with potash it is doubtful whether in 
most of the lands there is a sufficiency of readily 
available potash for the tobacco crop. The require- 
ments of tobacco are mainly for nitrogen and potash, 
as is shown in the experiments of Major Ragland, 
which you give in the April number of the Planter. 
An excess of phosphoric acid will harm the quality 
of the leaf more than anything else, making it, as 
the growers say, '"boney." The best crops of tobacco 
grown in North Carolina are grown by men who use 
potash in the form of a sulphate largely, and Avhilc 
the lands of Piedmont Virginia may have potash 
enough available for most farm crops, if lime is 
used on them it will be found that tobacco needs more 
readily available potash. Still, a great deal does de 
pend on the soil and its treatment. In Nelson county 
they grow fine black wrappers with no fertilizer but 
the clover, while in North Carolina the growers say 
that they cannot grow fine wrappers after clover or 
peas, even when otherwise well fertilized. The fact 
is, that every farmer should experiment and study 
the needs of his particular soil, and not jump to con- 
clusions based on local experience. 

W. F. Massey, 
Editor of Practical Farmer. 



HOW TO PREVENT TOBACCO FROM DROWNING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I would like for many of your readers to know 
what to do in case there should be much wet weather 
after weeding their tobacco. The rows should be left 
nearly level after the crop has been ploughed. If 
the tobacco begins to wither or droop go quickly and 
get your horse and plow and turn the soil from the 
hill again. By so doing you will leave the plant in 
a draining condition and the plants will soon flourish 
again. I prevented several thousand plants of my 
crop of 1002 from being drowned by this means. 1 
am sure this will be helpful to those who are now 
preparing to raise the weed in some of our eastern 
counties. D. D. Carter. 

Halifax county, Va. 



THE VALUE OF SOJA BEANS AS A FORAGE CROP. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

At this season of the year, when our farmers are 
planning for their spring and summer crops, it would 
be well to compare notes as to the value of some of 
the crops raised the preceding year. Often it is well 
to exchange views as to value of crops raised, even 
on adjoining farms. 

We well know that it would be a mistake to try 
and feed stock without a corn crop, but how many of 
us have raised, in connection with our corn crop, a 
crop of Soja beans? 

About six years ago I planted three pecks of Soja 
beans in drills three feet apart and sown about like 
garden peas. The soil was a sandy loam, and con- 
sidered above the average. This three pecks yielded 
twenty-three bushels measured, allowed to ripen for 
seed and cut with sickle. This little crop opened my 
eyes as to the value of this new crop for feed. The 
dry, woody stalks were eaten with a relish by all 
stock. I had some ground with corn — one peck of 
beans to three pecks of corn. This made one of the 
best rations for milk cows I ever used, and also for 
work horses. 

The following year I sowed twenty acres broad- 
cast and cut for hay and found them first-class for 
general feeding of all kinds of stock. 

The next year I planted ten acres in drills and 
began to cut and feed when in full bloom, and they 
were relished in this stage by cows, horses, mules and 
hogs. 

Each year the yield of grain was about the same. 

Last year I sowed four acres on the 3rd of July 
and ploughed in with a small Dixie plow; dragged 
flat next day. The season was favorable and I had a 
nice lot of hay. Cut when the leaves began to turn 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



30^ 



yellow — before dropping — and this made as fine a 
lot of hay as any one could wish for. I would not 
sow more than one bushel to the acre when wanted 
for hay, as the natural grasses help to make it easier 
to cure. Don't house until dry. It may take two or 
three days, but when cured properly it is one of the 
best crops I know of. 

Now for the benefit to the land. If you will pull 
up some of the growing plants you will find the roots 
thickly "set" with nitrogen nodules. From this 
source comes the great benefit to the soil, gathering 
and storing for future crops the most expensive ele- 
ment of plant food — viz., nitrogen. Corn planted 
on land the following year after Soja beans will be 
benefited by an increased yield of 30 per cent. 

Experience with the cultivation of cow peas and 
blackeye peas teacbes that sowing very early gives a 
larger yield of hay and less grain than sowing later. 
The 20th of June, in my judgment, is the ideal time 
for sowing cow peas and blackeye peas and the 20th 
of May for Soja beans. 

Let the farmers who want to try this new ( ?) crop, 
and who think it overrated, plant three to five acres 
and they will never be sorry. D. W. Morris. 

York county, Va. 



RESTORING THE WORN LANDS OF VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

A great difference is found in what are termed 
•'wornout" lands. The "wornout" lands of the East- 
ern, Northern and many portions of the Southern 
States are brought to productiveness only by a long, 
tedious and expensive process, but the "worn" lands 
in Eastern Virginia are entirely different. 

Comparatively level lands, with a good subsoil of 
clay, say from eight to twenty-four inches under 
the surface, where the original timber was pine, oak, 
hickory, gum, beech, walnut etc., etc., are not "worn- 
out" in the true sense of the term. 

Such land is like the blooded horse. The horse 
may be thin and "worn" and "run down" bv hard 
usage and abuse, but the bones, the hide," hair, 
muscles, sinews and tendons are all there. The hoof' 
the eye, the spirit, vim and vigor are all there (par- 
tially dormant, it is true), but hay, oats, curry- 
comb and brush will resurrect, reconstruct and re- 
store the thoroughbred and make a good horse of him 
because the foundation is there. 

So with our land. If the foundation is there our 
lands can be easily, cheaply and quickly recon- 
structed, restored, rebuilt and made reproductive. 
If poor, "wornout" land is open at the bottom so 



that it will not hold manure and fertilizer, and is 
washed away on top, it is then poor and "worn" indeed. 
Thin, "'worn 7 ' lands, with porous subsoils and sur- 
face quite rolling will require the best of handling to 
bring them up, and such will not "stay there" after 
being brought up. 

In a recent pamphlet, issued by the Norfolk and 
Western Railway (said pamphlet edited, and very 
ably edited, by Dr. Paul Scherer), the subject of 
"'worn out" land is well treated. We recommend the 
testimony contained therein to the owners of "worn 
out" lands of Eastern Virginia. We also commend 
the treatment suggested for such lands. 

By the way, the subject matter in said pamphlet is 
not only comprehensive, covering a great scope, but 
it is remarkably well and concisely treated, and we 
can heartily endorse the pamphlet from start to finish. 
The "worn" lands of Virginia are, in the main, all 
right for quick improvement. 

Norfolk, Va. A. Jeffer. 



BLACK ROT OF SWEET POTATOES. 

Can you, or some of your subscribers, tell me what 
causes sweet-potatoes to turn black, and what to do 
to prevent it? I have been told that fresh stable 
manure makes it, but this cannot be so, as I did not 
use any at all last year, still they turned black badly. 
Hanover county, Va. John Flick. 

Black rot of sweet-potatoes is a specific germ dis- 
ease which affects the crop in all stages of its growth. 
The spores of the disease infect the soil from the 
tubers and are carried also from the vines to other 
vines. In this way when once it has got on to a farm 
it is a most difficult thing to get rid of. Professor 
Price, who has made most careful study of the dis- 
ease, says : "There is no doubt but that only healthy 
slips should be used, which means the careful selec- 
tion of perfectly sound roots for the seed bed." 
These healthy sprouts must then be set in soil which 
is perfectly free from infection — that is to say, on 
land on which the crop has not been grown for several 
years. It is impracticable to apply any substance 
to the soil to kill the germs that have accumulated 
there. If the seed potatoes are grown from vine 
cuttings it is easy to get rid of the disease by plant- 
ing the sprouts from these seed on fresh land. A 
crop grown even from vine cuttings taken from dis- 
eased tubers has turned out to be entirely free from 
the disease, whilst one grown from sprouts from the 
same tubers was almost ruined by the disease. The 
manure or fertilizer used has nothing to do with the 
disease. It is only propagated by the spores from 
diseased tubers or vines. — Ed. 



310 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



GINSENG CULTURE. 



Ginseng (Panax quinquefolia) is a native peren- 
nial plant closely related to the garden parsnip, car- 
rot and celery. It grows wild in oak and maple 
woods in all the more Northern States and extends 
southward along the Allefhany mountains. In North 
Carolina this plant is found only in high mountain 
valleys. It is found only in moist, loamy soil under 
deep shade. The plant cannot endure the sun and 
when timber is cut out it dies from the locality. 

The plant as found growing wild is from eight to 
sixteen inches tall with from one to three leaves, 
which are in turn composed of from three to five, or 
rarely seven, leaflets. The leaflets are arranged like 
fingers on the hand ; they are ovate, sharply toothed 
on edges and taper pointed at tip. The flowers are 
greenish-yellow and appear in Jul}. The root re- 
sembles a parsnip. 

Wild ginseng is extensively collected wherever it 
abounds. The rapacity of collectors is fast extermi- 
nating the plant and many attempts have been made 
to cultivate it artificially. Most of such attempts 
have ended in failure. The plant is very difficult to 
grow and only with great care, patience and consider- 
ble expense is it possible to succeed. 

The wild root, dried, brings about $2 per pound. 
Cultivated roots often bring $5 per pound. The 
market is China where this plant is the universal 
nostrum. American physicians say it has no medici- 
nal virtue and never prescribe it. Owing to the fre- 
quent stories told of enormous profits to be made by 
cultivating this plant there is a constant demand 
upon the North Carolina Department of Agriculture 
for advice regarding methods of growing ginseng. 
To those who want to try the experiment the follow- 
ing advice is offered: 

1. Ginseng cannot be profitably grown anywhere 
in North Carolina east of the mountains. The climate 
is unsuitable. 

2. There may be profit in growing ginseng west of 
the Blue Ridge. 

3. Ginseng cannot be grown in full sunlight. It 
must have a loose, rich, moist and cool soil. Drought 
is fatal. 

The plant is propagated from roots and from 
seeds. The plant produces seed in abundance, but 
the seed requires to be planted immediately after it 
becomes ripe, and then does not germinate until after 
eighteen months. The best plan is to sow the seed 
as soon as ripe in shallow boxes, tack wire cloth over 
these to keep out mice and worms and place box 
where it will be continually moist and well shaded. 



Let the young plants grow one year in the seed box, 
then transplant to the permanent bed. This must be 
rich, moist, loose soil well shaded. Set the plants 
about six inches apart in rows eighteen inches apart 
Cultivate frequently and each fall mulch the bed 
with straw or pine branches. If everything goes 
right the roots will be fit to sell the fifth year after 
transplanting. But a single drought may rum the 
entire crop at any time. 

Mice, moles and boys are the only pests of the 



crop. 

In starting a new plantation, unless the seed can 
be had directly from the plant, it is best to begin 
with small roots, which may be purchased for about 
$2 per 100. H. P. Kelsey, Kawana, N. C, and 
George Stanton, Summit Station, N. Y., supply such 

roots. 

The plantations should be made from Octooer 1st 

to April 1st. 

When ready for harvesting the entire bed should 
be carefully dug up and the crop assorted. Plants too 
small to sell may be replanted. The larger and 
smoother the roots the higher the price. The roots 
are simply washed clean and dried in the sun or m a 
fruit evaporator. The following persons buy for ex- 
port, viz. : Wallace Brothers, Statesville, N. C. ; M. 
Sabel & Sons, Louisville, Ky. ; S. W T ells & Co., 211 
Vine street Cincinnati, O. ; J. L. Cilley, 101 Gold 
street, New York. Gekaed McCarthy, 

Raleigh, N. C. Biologist. 

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF BERMUDA GRASS. 

Bermuda is propagated most successfully by plant- 
ing pieces of the sod. In the fall while breaking the 
land with a turning plow, drop pieces of the sod m 
every third furrow behind the plow and cover with 
the next plow slice. Sow rye on the land as left by 
the plow and harrow or drag it smooth, covering the 
rye seed. In spring turn cattle on to pasture the 
rye and aid the Bermuda by removing shade and firm- 
ing the soil upon the Bemuda roots. Neither horses, 
sheep nor hogs should be allowed upon young Ber- 
muda pastures. These animals will interfere with 
the spreading of the Bermuda by biting off the over- 
ground stems. 

For spring planting, prepare the land by plowing 
and harrowing as for corn. Open furrows 2 feet 
apart, and in these drop pieces of sod every 2 feet. 
Cover with a light furrow and roll down smooth. 
This should be done late in March or in April. It 
may be planted in this way at any time during the 
summer and early fall by covering the, pieces of sod 
deeply. J. S. Newman, Experiment Station, S. G. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



31J 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southern Plan- 
ter, Richmond, Va , not later than the 15th of the month for 
replies to appear in the next month's issue. 



Artichokes. 

Will yon state in your next issue the time for 
planting artichokes, method of cultivation, and cost 
of roots required per acre ? 

Bedford Co., Va. W. A. Penxer. 

Artichokes should be planted in March and April, 
though if got in even in the first half of May they will 
usually make a fair yield, though this is late to plant 
them. They should be set in rows three feet apart, 
and the sets be dropped two feet apart in the rows, 
and the land be then cultivated during the growth of 
the crop like corn. It requires about six bushels to 
plant an acre. The sets usually cost about $1.00 pei 
bushel. — Ed. 



Applying Ashes. 

Please let me know, through the columns of your 
paper when is the best time to apply unslacked ashes 
to the land. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va. H M. Watkins. 

Ashes, which are valuable for the potash and lime 
which they supply to plants, may be applied without 
fear of loss from leaching at any time of the year, but 
as they are slow in becoming available, they are best 
put on during winter or in the early spring. — Ed. 



other forms of plant food, the effect is, or ought to be, 
to encourage and strengthen the growth of the crop. 
The stronger and more vigorous the growth of a crop 
the greater the amount of the available plant food 
naturally in the soil which it will assimilate, and thus 
take from the soil, and the more of the tough, im- 
mediately unavailable plant food it will act upon by 
its root acids and bring into available form. In this 
way all fertilizers and manures, if they are worth 
anything at all, deplete the fertility naturally in .the 
land, which by their action is converted from an un- 
available asset into a money crop. Any land pro- 
ducing heavy crops must sooner or later become de- 
pleted of natural fertility, and to continue the pro- 
cess must be helped by good tillage, to get the bene- 
ficial action of the sun, air and moisture, and thus 
make available more of the natural plant food in the 
soil, and by manure or fertilizers, or both, to con- 
tinue the healthy growth "of the crops. — Ed. 



Nitrate of Soda— Effect of Use of Fertilizers on 
Land. 

Will you kindly tell me in your magazine whether 
nitrate of soda strains land or not, and if the use of it 
is once begun will it have to be kept up and used in 
larger quantities every year? I have heard such a 
theory from some good farmers around me, and would 
like to have your valued opinion. I was of the opin- 
ion that nitrate of soda was plant food in its most 
available form, and that the reasons plants showed 
such a change as soon as the soda was applied was be- 
cause the food was immediately available, not that it 
made the land give up its own food. I may add, this 
is my first year at fanning, and I have no practical 
experience whatever. Your answer to the above will 
be greatly appreciated, and I am sure there are others 
who would be benefited by your remarks. 

Darlington Co., S. C. Russell Agree. 

Nitrate of soda is the most readily available form 
of plant food, as it is in the condition in which plants 
take nitrogen when applied. It has to undergo no 
change in the soil except to be dissolved. Like all 



Crop Rotation. 

I would appreciate a suggestion as to what crop or 
crops may follow on land at present in onions. I 
want something that is readily marketable. I have 
alfalfa to plant, and according to The Planter, I think 
the best land I have is in my orchards. Would you 
advise using it there ? Any information on these 
two subjects will be greatly appreciated. I keep my 
orchards in peas. 

Haywood Co., N. C. John Earrior. 

1. We would suggest tomatoes (we assume that 
you want a trucker's crop) or a late crop of Irish 
potatoes. 

2. Yes. The alfalfa would be beneficial to the 
orchards and a source of profit as feed. We have 
seou line crops of alfalfa in an orchard. — Ed. 



Top Dressing Oats-Cow Peas for Hay-Top Dress- 
ing for Clover— Fertilizer for Corn. 

1. Kindly advise me, through your columns, whe- 
ther it will pay to top dress an oat crop that was put 
in with drill on fairly good land, and on which I used 
200 pounds of alkali bone, a medium grade corn fer- 
tilizer when seeded. If so, please, advise me what 
to use. My land is somewhat of a red, stiff chocolate. 

2. Which is the best way to put in cow peas to be 
cut for hay. I want to use fertilizer enough to get 
a rank crop of vines, so please advise what kind and 
how much to use, and what time to seed. 

•'). I have a field of clover on red, stiff land, that is 
nearly in bloom. Some of my neighbors advise me 
to top dress it with 200 pounds of plaster to the acre. 
Please advise whether you think I would get enough 
clover to pay for the plaster above what I would have 



312 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



got without using the plaster, say the plaster cost 90 
cents per acre? 

4. Please advise me which is the best way to use 
fertilizer on the com crop, and what do you think of 
putting about half the quantity I expect to use under 
the crop when I plant it, and the other when I give it 
the last working ? 

Halifax Co., Va. N. A. Tulloh. 

1. We have used nitrate of soda (100 pounds to 
the acre) as a top dressing on oats with great advan- 
tage. 

2. Sow the peas broadcast one bushel to the acre 
on the plowed land, and cover with a harrow. Apply 
from 300 to 500 pounds to the acre of acid phosphate 
and work into the land before seeding. Sow the peas 
at any time from the middle of May to the end of 

June. 

3. It is very doubtful if you would have obtained 
any advantage from the use -of plaster even had you 
applied it just when the clover commenced to make 
growth. Certainly you would get no advantage from 
its use now. Plaster is very uncertain in its effect. 
If the land to which it is applied is rich in potash, 
plaster will generally show marked results, but if 
potash be wanting, no effect can usually be seen. 

4. In our last issue we wrote fully on the use of 
fertilizers on the corn crop, and to that issue we refer 
the inquirer. If applying introgenous fertilizers 
heavily it is often advisable to apply part at planting 
and the residue at the last working, as these fertil- 
izers are apt to be readily washed out of the land by 
heavy rainfall. The mineral fertlizers are not sub- 
ject to this loss, and therefore may safely be applied 
at, or better, some little time before planting. — Ed. 



heavy crop of vines. 
-Ed. 



Let the vines die before plough- 



ing down. 

Whitewash. 

I would like to ask you for a receipt for whitewash. 

Knox county, Tenn. M. B. Gai.yon. 

An excellent whitewash that wears four or five 
years is made in this way : Slake a bushel of lime, 
strain, add a half bushel of salt which has been dis- 
solved in water and six pounds ground rice, after 
being made into a paste. Stir in while boiling one 
pound of ground whiting and two pounds glue well 
dissolved in a double boiler. — Ed. 



To Prevent Injury to Tomato Plants by Cut Worms. 

Tell F. E. Omohundro (page 247) if he will get 
some stiff paper, not pasteboard (old postal cards will 
do), cut it in pieces 2x3 or 34, and fold it around a 
lead pencil to form a tube folding the longest way. 
Put one of these tubes around each tomato plant when 
he sets them out. This will keep the cut worms from 
cutting his plants. Put them in the earth about one 
inch, so that the wind will not blow them away. 



Cow Peas for Improving Land. 

What is the best pea to sow as an improver, and 
is it best to turn them under green or wait until they 

are dry? 

Hanover county, Va. H. J. Rosbach. 

Either the black or clay peas. The black usually 
make most vines, except south of the James river, 
where the Unknown variety grows well and makes a 



Seeds for Pasture and Meadow— Fertilizer for Corn 
Land and Wheat. 

1. I have a field of rye that I wish to turn and 
sow to millet, with some other crop that would make 
a good winter pasture as soon as the rye is cut. Would 
this be practicable, and if so how many pounds of 
millet and other seed should be sowed per acre ? 

2. What would make the best winter pasture ? 

3. How much and what kind of fertilizer should I 
use per acre with millet ? 

4. I have a meadow that I wish to turn as soon as 
the first crop of grass is cut in order to make it very 
rich for meadow 1904-. Is it practicable ? 

5. If so, what kind of crop would be best to sow 
that would make a good forage ? 

6. How many pounds of seed should be sowed per 

ncrG . 

7. ' How many pounds and what kind of fertilizer 

should be used per acre % % 

8. What time this fall and what kind of grass 
would you recommend to sow with timothy for 

meadow? . ,-■,•„„ 

<). What kind and how many pounds of fertilizer 

per acre ? . . 

10 What is the best crop to sow in working corn 
the last time to turn down in the fall for wheat* 
11. How many pounds per acre? ■ 

12. What kind and how many pounds of fertilizer 
should be used per acre for wheat? 

13 What crop would you recommend to be sowed 
in working corn the last time for winter pasture i 

14 How many pounds of seed should be sowed per 

^ ?5. I want to make a piece of land very rich for a 
premium crop of corn. In the absence of stable 
manure what kind and how much fertilizer should 

he it4ZZ™ Please give me the name and ad 
dresses of tkose\vho deal in seed and fertilizers whom 
you would recommend ? *-" ' 

Scott county, Va. 
' 1 and 2. We don't think it practicable to sow a 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



31.°, 



crop for winter pasture with a millet crop. Sow the 
millet m May and in sixty days it will be ready to 
cut for hay. Then break the land with a disc har- 
row and m August seed with a mixture of hairy 
vetch, crimson clover, winter oats and wheat. This 
will give good winter and spring grazing. Sow twenty 
pounds of vetch, ten pounds of crimson clover and 
hall a bushel each of oats and wheat. 

3. Apply 300 to 500 pounds of acid phosphate per 
acre. r r 

4. If you will refer to our article on "Work for 
the Month" in the March issue you will find a full 
discussion of the subject of growing hay grass. 

5. No crop should be grown until the grass seeds 
are sown. Work the land frequently and get it into 
nne order. 

6 and 7. See reply to No. 5. 

8. We always advise that timothy should be seeded 
alone. The market demand is for clean timothy hay 
not mixed. For home use we would seed clover with 
timothy. 

9. See reply to No. 5. 

10. If wheat is to follow corn we do not think it a 
good plan to seed any crop at the last working, as 
with a crop turned down it is not possible to get the 
land sufficiently compact for the growth of wheat 
alter the corn is harvested. 

12. We will write fully on this subject later in 

seeder 111 " ^ *" ** ^ the Cr °P is to be 
13 and 14. Sow sapling clover, crimson clover, 
nan, vetch and rape, say five pounds of sapling 
clover, ten pounds crimson clover, twenty pounds 
hairy vetch and two or three pounds of rape 

U. In our last issue we discussed fully the fer- 
i i»ng of the com crop. We refer you to this 
issue Increase the quantity of each ingredient ad- 
vised to the extent to which you feel disposed to pay 
tor i . The corn crop, however good, will never pay 

i^r p may be largei > ™ d - d ^ 

saftlv ? ei T - + °i ^ advertisin S co1 ™- Vou can 
safe; deal with any of the parties whose advertise- 
ments you will find there.— Ed. 



but I was not then interested in the subject and boil, 
these gentlemen are dead. The dose will be a public 
benefit. r 

King William county, la. B. D. Moncure. 

Nux vomica (strychnine) is deadly poison to 
either man, beast or bird if given in even a compara- 
tively small quantity. We are aware that it is fre- 
quently administered in two or three drop doses to 
human beings, animals and chickens and is a power- 
ful tonic in this form. We cannot, however, conceive 
it possible to give a dose sufficient to kill a hawk to a 
chicken without causing the death of the chicken as 
well. We shall be glad to hear from any one who 
lias experimented with this remedy for hawks.— Ed. 

Soy Beans. 

Could you collect data from those who have raised 
boy bean hay as to methods of raising and curing 
1 tried last year your method of putting in small 
piles, but it moulded before curing. ]\f 

Thomas county, Ga. 

In our April issue information is given by a con- 
tributor on this subject. We have never found any 
difficulty m curing the Soy bean for hay or for seed 
C. ut the crop for hay when in full growth. Let lie in 
the sun until thoroughly wilted and partially cured. 
Ihen put into small cocks or heaps and it will lie so 
open that both wind and sun can penetrate them and 
complete the cure. It is not easily injured by rain 
during curing. This is the testimony of numerous 
growers. Mr. Morris, of Olney, 111., says he cuts the 
crop when m bloom with a down corn binder and 
binas the crop into the smallest sheafs he can make 
and shocks them up in long, narrow shocks and lets 
them stand until thoroughly dry before putting in 
bulk. — Ed. 



Protecting Chickens from Hawks. 

I know Nux vomica given to chickens will not in- 
jure them, but is certain death to a hawk which 
catches one of the nux vomica-fed chickens. Will 
some one tell me how much nux must be given in feed 
for ten chicks D, John Lewis, of this'county, p" 
lected his chicks that way, as did Mr. R. T. Meech, 



Teosinte. 

+U W -l? y °£'i ° r S ° me subscriber > g^e an article in 
the May Planter on the cultivation of teosinte? 
Have read great deal of it recently and wish to try it.' 

Mrs. Charles Guthrie. 
Charlotte county, Va. 

In our article on Forage Crops will be found in- 
formation as to the growth of this crop. It is as easily 
grown as corn and should be planted and cultivated 
in the same way. — Ed. 



Curb on Horses. 

C. I. Mitchell, of Brunswick county, Va., wishes to 
know what will cure curb on horses. I find that the 
most simple and effectual remedy i* kerosene oil 

Amil-w mrni..- »„ • 1 



. , . J ^ aciuoeiie oil 

I Apply every morning and rub in gently until th- 



314 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



knot disappears and let the horse have rest until the 
forward action of the leg is natural again. Kerosene 
oil is a good remedy for any unnatural growth on 
horses. It gently blisters and dissolves the knots to 
which it is applied. It will cause the hair to come 
out. Rub on a little vaseline and the hair will soon 
grow again. H. J. Rosbacii. 

Hanover county, \'o. 



Removing Stumps With Dynamite— Horse Apples- 
Remedy for Scab on Irish Potatoes— Obstructed 
Teat of Cow. 

1. Will you, or some of your readers who know, 
please give me minute directions for using dynamite 
to remove stumps ? I want to know where to get it, 
cost, etc. I have a lot of old oak stumps from 15 to 
36 inches in diameter cut from one to twenty years 
ago, Avhich I want to get out of the way. 

2. Will horse apples come true from seed, or do 
they have to be grafted ? 

3. I use flowers of sulphur on seed pieces of Irish 
potatoes after cutting with very satisfactory results 
for scab. It has the advantage of not being poison. 
What kind of lime, sulphur or salt are used in the 
wash for San Jose scale ? 

4. I have a cow with her first calf whose milk 
comes in a spray instead of a steady stream. I have 
to put the bucket very near the teats to catch the milk. 
What can I do to remedy it ? It comes this way 
unless I milk very slowly. 

Areola, N. C. J. F. Hunter. 

1. Dynamite is sold by the railway supply stores 
and by hardware merchants in the mining sections. 
It is sold put up in cartridges, with time fuses ready 
to be attached. We cannot give the price, but dealers 
will gladly quote. A hole is driven under the stump 
with an iron bar large enough to take a cartridge. 
This is then pushed down the hole, with the fuse at- 
tached, until fairly under the stump, and the hole 
then tamped solid with damp soil and the cartridge 
then fired. It is the most effective way of removing 
stumps, but requires handling by careful hands. 

2. We cannot say. Some of our horticultural 
friends will please answer. 

3. Rock lime, flowers of sulphur and common salt. 

4. The mouth of the teat is obstructed and should 
be opened by the insertion gently of a steel probe. — 
Ed. 



Obstructed Teats. 

I have a. three-fourths Jersey cow (four years old), 
which calved at two and one-half years of age. In 
eight or nine months after dropping her calf, there 
appeared in one of her teats what seemed to be a 



gristle or lump at the neck of the teat, where it joined 
the udder. The flow of milk from this teat was im- 
mediately greatly decreased, and what she did give 
was bloody, and consequently unfit for use. About 
one month ago she dropped her second calf, and at the 
time all her teats seemed to be in good milking con- 
dition and all right, except the one above named. 
That one seemed to have the same gristle in it that it 
had at the time she went dry, but does not discharge 
any bloody milk. Within the last few days two other 
teats have got in the same condition as the first named 
one, and the flow of milk has greatly decreased from 
all three of them. I kept her well milked when she 
first dropped a calf, and thought I had her udder 
well "broke." Please give me all the information 
you can upon this matter and suggest a remedy. 
Caswell Co., N. C. A. H. D. King. 

The cause of the obstruction in the teats may have 
been either mammitis, which is an inflammation of 
the mammary glands, or it may be stricture of the 
teats or internal warts in the teats. If caused by 
mammitis, we are afraid that it is now too late to 
remedy the injury. A ease of mammitis should be 
treated vigorously immediately it is found out. It is 
indicated by swollen, hard glands, which are tender 
to the touch, and there will be fever present, the 
muzzle of the cow being dry and hot. A purgative 
of one pound of epsom salts in warm water should be 
given. A suspensory bandage should be made large 
enough to take in the whole udder and to fasten over 
the back of the cow. In this bandage or bag holes 
should be made for the teats to pass through. The 
bandage should be packed -with bran and hops mixed 
in hot water and applied as warm as can be borne by 
the udder, the teats being passed through the holes 
and the glands resting on the hot bran and hops. The 
bran and hops should be kept warm by pouring warm 
water on them frequently. Keep the animal warm, 
and give an ounce of alcohol three times a day. The 
cow should be milked many times a day and the 
lumps in the teats be worked with the fingers, and 
thus be broken down, if possible. If this treatment 
fails, the teat will become useless. Frequently the 
glands will gather or suppurate, and they should then 
be opened when a head is formed to allow the matter 
to escape. If the cause of the trouble is stricture or 
internal warts, these can only be removed by an opera- 
tion by a veterinarian. — En. 



Injury to Wheat Crop. 

Our wheat is turning red, and the top blades look 
as if they had been burnt. There are blades all 
through the bunches that look as though fired from 
the ground. From what I can hear, all the wheat 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



315 



through the country is affected in the same way. 
Please inform us in your next issue what is the cause 
of the trouble, and whether or not it will hurt the 
crop, and if anything can be done for it. The wheat 
has a fine growth. We are both subscribers to The 
Planter, and would like very much for you to answer 
this in its columns. Yours very truly, 

G. H. Walker, 
Charles City Co., Ya. E. H. Stubbs. 

We have a similar complaint as to the wheat crop 
from many different sections. We believe the cause 
to be the cold weather and the frosts. As the plant 
has generally made such a good growth, we are hope- 
ful that this may not prove hurtful to the yield. — Ed. 



To Prevent the Growth of Horns— Buckwheat for 
Bee Feed. 

Will you please tell me how I can prevent the 
horns from developing on young calves so that it will 
not be necessary to use the saw ? Also, when is the 
best time to plant buckwheat to get the best results 
from bees ? 

Faulkner county, Ark. W. G. Denison. 

1. Get a stick of caustic potash from a drugstore 
and as soon as the little button from which the horn 
grows can be felt on the head of the calf cut off the 
hair upon and around it for a small space, wet the 
end of the caustic potash and rub on the button. This 
will burn out the embryo horn and no cutting will 
afterwards be necessary. 

2. Buckwheat for bee3 should be seeded in June or 
July. — Ed. 



Moles. 

Can you tell me the best trap to use for catching 
moles, and if they can be poisoned, and with what? 
There are a great many round the house, and they 
ruin the grass by their passages under it, the hot 
weather killing it out. H. G. C. 

There is a steel trap sold generally by hardware 
dealers which is as effective as any. Moles are diffi- 
cult to poison, as they are not grain or flesh eaters. 
They are almost wholly insectivorous in their diet, 
and therefore are usually much more beneficial to 
farmers than otherwise. We have heard of the ani- 
mals being poisoned by arsenic mixed in corn meal 
dough made into little balls and dropped in their 
runs. — Ed. 



NOTES FROM SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

March, 1903, gave us no frost at all. The coldest 
was one day at 35. The rain fall for March was 
6.01 inches, that being 1.37 inches above the average 
March rain fall for the past thirty-three years. 

Rain fell on thirteen different days — namely, on 
the Sth, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 
23 d, 29 th, 30th and 31st. No damage done except 
in a few cases where the newly planted potatoes did 
not come up even and regularly — one-fourth to one- 
third the seed rotting in the ground. 

We never suffer from high water, as the only rise 
and fall in our streams is the regular rise and fall 
of the tide. If the entire rain fall of the year — 
about 50 inches — fell during a period of thirty days, 
the surplus water would all be in the sea within 
twenty-four hours after falling; and it would not 
carry houses, bridges or fences with it either. 

While the surface here is only from eight to twenty 
feet above the sea level, still our section is well drain- 
ed. Our lands do not wash, and our plows are run- 
ning sooner after heavy rains than in the interior, 
where the lands are on edge. 

While we escaped all frost in March, the full moon 
period in April did us some, damage. When the 
moon gets full during the first half of April we look 
for a cool spell, possibly frost. Just what relation 
there is between the full moon and cool weather we 
can't say; but still we look for a cool wave at the 
time stated. The moon was full on the 11th of 
April and on the 4th and 5th nights there was frost. 

Fully three-fourths of the trucking section escaped 
damage, and the other fourth was not damaged se- 
riously. The thermometer stood between 30 and 31. 

The tender radish was not injured at all. The 
snap beans, just up, and the young potatoes and the 
strawberry bloom in about one-fourth of our truck- 
ing section were slightly injured. The prospect is 
good for a full crop of fruit. 

A. Jeffee. 

Norfolk, Va. 



Feed brood sows very little for the first week after 
farrowing ; by that time the pigs will be able to use 
all the milk. 



Whole or piece roots — Jacob Wise, a West Vir- 
ginia nurseryman, says he sees no difference between 
budded and grafted apple tree stocks. He stronglv 
urges the use of whole roots and covers the graft with 
a wax made by boiling together two pounds English 
resin, one pound beeswax, and one pint linseed oil. 
He does not believe in the use of piece roots for 
grafting-. 



316 



THE SOUTHEKISr PLANTER. 



[May 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The continuous season of wet and cold weather 
which we have had during April has caused serious 
loss to the truckers of Tidewater Virginia and East- 
ern North Carolina. A large part of the early Irish 
potato crop will he a complete failure from the rot- 
ting of the sets, and English peas have in many 
places hen badly cut by the frost. The strawberry 
crop has also been injured by the frost. It is proba- 
ble that whilst the total yield of this crop may not be 
materially reduced, yet the return from it will be 
less, because of the fact that the earliest blooms and 
berries have been injured by the frost. 



The work of sowing and planting out crops of 
vegetables has been almost completely stopped by the 
weather, and what promised in March to be one of the 
earliest seasons known is now likely to be a 1 ate one. 
As soon as the land is dry enough to work the main 
crops should be seeded or planted. The hardiest, 
such as English peas, onions, spinach, carrots, beets, 
lettuce should be first got into the ground. Later 
sweet corn, snap beans, lima beans and pole beans 
may be planted. Then should follow cucumbers, 
squashes, melons and cantaloupes, and later peppers, 
tomatoes and egg plants may be set out. 



Whilst rich soil is absolutely necessary for the 
best production of vegetables of almost every kind, 
yet it is possible to make land too rich for all the dif- 
ferent kinds of beans. These are very apt to run too 
much to vine where the soil is overrich. A piece of 
land that was well manured for a crop last year will 
usually make more beans than a piece manured just 
previous to the planting of the crop. When planting 
lima and pole beans see that the poles are well set in 
the ground at or before the planting of the crop. They 
should be set at least a foot in the ground, and it is a 
good plan to stay them by running rods from the tops 
of one row of poles to the next row. Many beans are 
lost every year by the poles being blown down. The 
dwarf lima beans save trouble with poles and make a 
good yield, but as large a yield cannot be got from 
this variety as from the tall growing ones. 



Where onion plants have been raised from seed in 
cold frames they should now be set out in rows wide 
enough apart to admit of working with a small culti- 
vator like the little Plantet Jr. Set them about four 
inches apart in the row. When the bulbs begin to 



form the soil should be thrown from them, as onions 
ought to mature on the top of the ground and not in 
it. Where plants have not been raised the seed 
should be sown at once in rows a foot or fifteen inches 
apart. Sow the seed rather thickly so as to ensure 
plenty of plants. When as thick as a quill thin out 
so as to stand about three inches apart. The Pearl, 
the Prize Taker and the Southport White Globe are 
varieties that make excellent crops from seed in the 
South. The onion set crop is one from which money 
can be made, as there is always a large demand for 
sets. The soil for growing sets ought not to be so 
rich as for growing onions. The seed should be sown 
at once in drills a foot or so apart and very thickly. 
Do not thin out. As soon as ripe they should be taken 
up and cured with the tops on. 



Cucumbers, cantaloupes and squashes should be set 
in hills four or five feet apart each way. Give each 
hill a good shovelful of manure and a handful of 
high-grade fertilizer having 6 or 7 per cent, of am-, 
nionia, 1 per cent, of phosphoric acid and 7 or 8 per 
cent, of potash. Plant three or four seeds in each 
hill and thin to one plant when well started. Dust 
the young plants with bone meal as soon as they are 
well out of the ground and when wet with dew. This 
will help to keep off the bugs. Where melon bugs are 
very troublesome the only way to save the plants is 
by covering them with little frames covered with 
plant muslin. 



. Tomato plants should be set out at once. In our 
last issue we wrote fully on this crop, and to that 
issue refer our readers. It is well to plant a hill of 
corn every five or sir feet apart. This will save the 
tomato plants from the worms, which prefer corn to 
tomatoes. The corn can be pulled out and fed to 
stock when the tomatoes do not need further protec- 
tion. 



Plant succession al crops of sweet corn every week 
or ten days until the end of July to keep up a supply 
through the season. 



Cultivate all growing crops frequently and keep 
down all weeds. 



Egg plants require rich, light land and a warm 
situation. Give them plenty of manure and a hand- 
ful or two of rich fertilizer to each plant. Look out 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



317 



for potato bugs. They are as destructive to egg- 
plants as to Irish potatoes. Use Paris green in 
good time. 



Don't forget the front garden and yard. Set out a 
few flowering plants in the beds where they will make 
a good show from the house and from the highway, 
and sow a few packets of flowering annuals on all the 
beds and borders. A dollar or two spent in plants 
and seeds will make the home much more attractive 
and home-like and add to its value. Keep the lawn 
mown frequently and the walks swept and free from 
weeds. 



ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

While examining a peach tree for borers recently, 
I was greatly surprised to find six large ones and 
about one thousand very small ones. The life of that 
tree would have lasted about three months. Examine 
the peach trees at once for these borers. Use a sharp- 
pointed knife and a piece of wire or a nail to destroy 
them. The presence of borers is indicated by gummy 
exudations and sawdust-like particles of wood. The 
best preventative I have ever used against peach 
borers was made of white lead paint and Paris green. 
Take one-half gallon of the paint and mix with it 
one teaspoonful of Paris green. After the borers are 
taken out of the trees paint the trunks of the trees up 
to eighteen inches. Rake the dirt back around the 
trunk and the job is completed. After the eggs are 
deposited on the trunks of the trees and the young 
borers hatch and begin to cut through the bark they 
soon get enough of the poison to kill them. I have 
also known this paint to save trees from injury done 
by mice and rabbits. 

To be most successful the trees must be repainted 
each vear. 



At the present writing (April 15th), the prospects 
for a good fruit crop in Southwest Virginia were 
never, perhaps, better. Of course, the peach crop 
has been damaged about 50 per cent and sweet cher- 
ries about 25 per cent., while all other fruits seem 
safe. There is the heaviest bloom on fruit trees this 
year ever seen by me. If 50 per cent, of the apple 
and cherry bloom sets these crops will be ample. It 
is a great pity that some overzealous newspaper cor- 
respondents should send alarming reports to our 
State papers about the damage done to fruit, when 
frequently there is very little done. It is a very 



simple thing to learn how to know when fruit is 
damaged, and there is no excuse for not knowing, by 
even a newspaper correspondent. 



The Virginia Polytechnic Institute, formerly the 
State Agricultural and Mechanical College, is in 
need of more money. The number of students at- 
tending this Institution have increased very much 
during the past five years, as I know from personal 
observation. Being an alumnus of the Institution, 
no one can be more proud of its progress than my- 
self. Desiring to see still more progress in the agri- 
cultural side of the Institution prompts me to make 
a few plain statements about the needs along this 
line. I think it can be truthfully stated that the Ag- 
ricultural Department has no home. The agricul- 
tural teaching is done in spare rooms at different 
places. There are good agricultural buildings at 
many other agricultural and mechanical colleges with 
fine agricultural laboratories, libraries, seed rooms, 
tool rooms, soil physics rooms, stock judging rooms, 
etc. The sons of the farmers of the Old Dominion 
deserve as good agricultural equipment as those of 
any other State. While it is true that the Agricul- 
tural Department has a good barn, still such a build- 
ing serves a very small part in class instruction. 

Students of the Horticultural Department are 
crowded in small rooms of a building which was n ot 
built for teaching purposes at all. The building is 
not suited for such work. It is a wonder to me how 
any professor can teach any considerable number of 
students in such a building with any satisfaction to 
himself or students. The building is used also for 
station work. Still good work -in both lines has been 
done. The veterinary department has a small, barn- 
like building in which afflicted animals are kept. 

The eqxiipment for the dairy is not at all adequate. 

There is needed a large agricultural building to 
house all these related departments. This would 
economize space, since several of the rooms and some 
of the equipment could be used jointly. 

The work along all these lines should be broadened 
very much. I would like to see a short winter course 
offered in agriculture, horticulture, entomology, 
veterinary science and dairying. This would give 
practical men an opportunity to learn something 
about the latest methods along all these lines. Prac- 
tical instruction and demonstration along these lines 
would be a great help to the agricultural interests of 
the State, but I doubt whether, with the present 
equipment and the way these related departments are 
scattered, such a course would be feasible. These 



318 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



short winter courses of practical instruction have 
been successful at every agricultural and mechanical 
college that I am familiar with where the equip- 
ment was anything like what it should be. Efforts 
were made a few years since to secure an appropria- 
tion for an agricultural building at this Institution, 
but no such building exists on the grounds. 

There is not only need of improvement along agri- 
cultural lines at this Institution, but with the State 
Department of Agriculture also. How to improve 
the many worn farms where the fertile soil is being 
washed to the rivers; how to rehabilitate the old 
homesteads with all their interesting memories ; how 
to develop stock husbandry, improve the dairy inte- 
rests, take proper care of the immense orchards now 
being planted, grow more grass and hay, better 
forage crops, in short, to make rural and suburban 
homes more attractive, are great things that affect the 
weal or woe of the State. There are no other inte- 
rests of as great importance to the State, and this 
fact is not doubted by any fair, competent and unpre- 
judiced person. 

Let the equipment come. We need it for the agri- 
cultural and related interests. R. H. Pkice. 

Montgomery county. 



ning a roller over them or by patting down with the 
shovel and plant in each hill five or six seeds. Thin 
to two plants when they have made good growth. Cul- 
tivate until the plants commence to run. After this 
time the vines should not be disturbed. 



WATERMELON GROWING. 

The best soil for the watermelon is a high, warm, 
sandy soil. Land that has been newly cleared or an 
old field that has been laying out some years are 
usually good places for melons. It is well not to 
plant them on land which has grown melons within 
the last two or three years, as a fungoid disease 
which affects the plant seriously and causes failure of 
crop is kept alive in the soil on which a diseased crop 
has been grown, and will assuredly affect a crop 
planted on such land within two or three years. Pre- 
pare the land wqll by deep breaking so that moisture 
will be conserved in the soil. Lay off the rows in 
cbecks ten or twelve feet a part each way and plant 
at the intersection of the rows. Throw out the soil 
at the intersection of the rows for a space of four or 
five feet each way. In the hole thus made fill in a 
few shovelfuls of a good compost of well-rotted 
mature and woods mould and add a few handfuls of 
a rich fertilizer analyzing 6 per cent, ammonia, 4 per 
cent, phosphoric acid and 7 per cent, potash, which 
may be made up of 300 pounds of nitrate of soda, 
750 pounds cotton seed meal, 750 pounds acid phos- 
phate and 250 pounds of muriate of potash to make 
a ton. Mix the fertilizer and compost well and cover 
with good soil. Make the hills solid by either rnn- 



CANTAL0UPE GROWING. 

Mr. W. F. Allen, of Salisbury, Md., one of the 
largest cantaloupe growers in the South, gave the 
following description of his method of growing and 
handling the crop at a recent meeting of the Mary- 
land Horticultural Society: 

"My experience has been that one of the most im- 
portant items in profitable cantaloupe culture is good 
seed, true to name, of the variety that you have de- 
cided to grow, to commence with, as I know of no 
crop Avhere more harm can be done with poor or 
mixed seed than with the cantaloupe crop. 

"The most desirable location for cantaloupes is a 
sandy loam which has not been tilled for a year or 
two or a clover sod, or, better yet, where cow peas 
have been grown the year before and the vines left 
on the ground to be ploughed in during the winter 
or very early spring, when you want to commence 
preparing your ground, which should be well broken 
with a two or three horse plow and put in thorough 
condition with disc, acme or spading harrow, or 
something that would produce the same results. 
After your land is prepared take a two-horse plow 
and run out furrows about 8 inches deep, 4^ to 5 feet 
apart, going twice in the same row, in order to 
broaden out the trench and clean it out well. Next 
you must turn to your manure pile. A good compost 
of stable, pound and hog-pen manure is very good. 
Stable manure would be very preferable, everything 
else being equal. I use New York citv stable manure, 
as I cannot possibly get enough at home. 

"This trench or furrow should be filled one-half 
or a little more than one-half full of compost or stable 
manure, as the case may be. If your furrows are 
run out 3'ou can put on your manure even if the 
ground should be frozen. If your ground is not 
frozen or as soon as it thaws, if it is frozen, take from 
your cultivator the front shank on one side and the 
rear shank on the other side and provide the other 
three shanks with 1| and 1-J inch blades and shut up 
cultivator close enough to go in the furrow, go four 
times or more, if necessary, to thoroughly work the 
manure in the soil, then let it remain until about ten 
days before you are ready to plant your seed ; when 
your fertilizer should be put in five days before plant- 
ing will do, but ten days is better ; put about 800 to 
1,000 pounds an acre, running something like 6 per 
cent, ammonia, 8 per cent, phosphoric acid,6 per cent. 
lxjlash. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



319 



"The best thing to put your fertilizer on with is a 
hand drill, which will do the work better and quicker 
than you can do it by hand. After the fertilizer has 
been put in take the cultivator which you have al- 
ready prepared and go twice more in each row. Now 
take your two-horse plow again and throw up a two- 
furrowed list over your manure. Any time between 
this operation and planting take a big roller that 
will cover two rows at once and roll the rows off. 
This leaves you a nice, firm, smooth seed bed to plant 
in with manure firmed in the soil and moisture pre- 
served to germinate the seed should dry weather set 
in. Now we are ready to plant the seed, and I 
usually feel safe in making the first planting by April 
10th. Small, light weeding hoes are used for this, 
and six to eight seed are planted at intervals of about 
eighteen to twenty inches along the row; plant one 
inch deep. One week from first planting plant again 
in the same way, putting the hill beside the first one. 
Two weeks from the first planting plant again the 
same as at first, putting the third on the other side 
of the first one. Three plantings are usually suffi- 
cient, but if there is any doubt about getting a stand 
I would not hesitate to plant the fourth time, al- 
though I have never found it necessary to do so. 

'These repeated plantings are very important, 
especially in the event of a cold snap late in the 
spring. If your first planting is up they may all be 
cut off. The second planting would be already 
sprouted and ready to come through. If your second 
should meet a like fate your third planting would be 
ready to burse through the next warm day, and you 
would be a week or ten days ahead of your neighbor, 
who waited for his first planting to come up before 
he made the next. I made this mistake once and it 
was a costly one. When the plants have made the 
third leaf from the size of a dime to ,a quarter they 
should have the first thinning and the ground should 
be lightly stirred around them. If the first planting- 
are good, healthy plants pull out all but two or three 
of the most vigorous looking. By this time all three 
plantings will likely be up, and it may be that in 
some hills the second planting will have the thriftiest 
healthiest-looking plants. If this is the case the hill 
may be established from this planting. It will not 
be necessary to thin out any but the bunch, or slant- 
ing from which the hill is to be established, this time. 
13y the time the plants have the fourth or fifth leaf 
they should be again stirred and get their last thin- 
ning, leaving one plant in a place, the surplus plants 
in the hill to be carefully pulled out, and the surplus 
hills can be easily chopped off by one stroke of the 
weeding hoe. 

"Keep the middles thoroughly cultivated and the 
rows clear of all other growth until the vines are 
about two feet long, when all cultivation should 



cease, and the vines will quickly cover the ground. 
It has been my custom, and I think it a good one, im- 
mediately after giving the cantaloupes the last work- 
ing to drill in a row of cow peas between every can- 
taloupe row with a one-row drill. These can be cul- 
tivated after the cantaloupe crop is harvested and 
left for seed, cut for hay or left on the ground, as is 
most desirable. It sometimes happens that there is 
a mat of crab grass on the ground by the time the 
melon crop is off, and in this event I often let the 
grass and peas grow up together and cut for hay. It 
makes a very fine hay, only being surpassed by hay 
that is all pea vine. Now the cultivation is done 
and the peas drilled in if desired ; there is nothing 
else to do to the crop until we go to harvest it. One 
hundred and fifty crates an acre is a fair yield. I 
find there is some difference of opinion about pick- 
ing, and it is really necessary to pick them greener 
when they are to be several days in transit, but I will 
give you my way of doing it. The first half of the 
season I pick them as soon as the stems can be forced 
with the thumb to part from the fruit without break- 
ing out a piece of the melon with it — that is, it must 
come off smooth and not tear or break in the flesh. 
This condition should prevail before the cantaloupe 
has begun to turn yellow ; but a cantaloupe that is in 
this condition and just right to ship to-day will be 
quite yellow and unfit for transportation the next 
day. 

"After the season is one-half or two-thirds gone, 
and the weather is very hot, as is usually the case, I 
find it safe to cut them off with stems after they are 
full grown and become densely netted. It requires 
careful help to pick a crop of cantaloupes without 
considerable losses from picking too green or too ripe. 
In either case those too ripe or too green should not 
go in the package. An expert should follow just be- 
hind every fifteen or twenty pickers to see that thev 
are doing their work properly. Wagons should be 
ready to take the cantaloupes to the packing shed 
soon after they are brought out to the end of the 



rows. 



HEDGE PLANTS. 

I cannot understand the interest the people North 
are taking in the so-called California privet. It 
grows fast and makes a pretty hedge in summer, but 
it browns up and losses its leaves in winter, so that 
we have other things that are far better. The Amoor 
river privet is far better and more nearly evergreen, 
though it does brown a little. There is another 
privet — Ligusirum Japonicum or Ibota — which is 
as evergreen as a holly. It is more dwarf in its habit 
than the California, which is from Japan, too, and 
does not need half the trimming, while growing more 
dense at the bottom. All the privets are easily pro- 



320 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[May 



pagated by long cuttings set in the open ground in 
the late fall. Make the cuttings about ten inches 
long and insert them full length in the ground after 
taking off all the leaves. Work them one season in 
the nursery row and then transplant where wanted or 
set the cuttings at once in the hedge row and culti- 
vate there. Head the hedge back to within six inches 
of the ground the second spring to get it to spread at 
the base and then shear it broad at the bottom and 
sloping to a sharp ridge at top. Most people shear a 
hedge too upright and flat on top and the base gets 
thin because it is over shadowed. Advise your in- 
cpxirers to get the Amoor river privet from the Barck- 
mans Company, of Augusta, instead of the Califor- 
nia, or get the Ibota, which is more costly and slower 
to grow, but is far better when grown. 

W. E. Massey. 



IMPORTANT AND WELCOME NEWS FOR THE 
FRUIT GROWERS OF VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

For several years the Virginia State Horticultural 
Society has endeavored to obtain better rates for 
shipments of apples than have been in existence. 
The Committee on Transportation and Marketing 
was specially instructed to make representations to 
the railroads operating in Virginia on this subject. 
As a result of these representations it is with the 
greatest satisfaction that I, as chairman of this com- 
mittee have received official information that the rates 
have been adjusted. Mr. E. D. Hotchkiss, general 
freight agent of the Chesapeake and Ohio railway, 
writes to this effect, and in his letter says, in part: 

"You will, no doubt, recall quite a lengthy corres- 
pondence and several conferences on the subject of a 
modification of the rates on fruit from Virginia fruit 
growing sections to eastern territory. The matter 
has been one of consideration for a good while. I am 
very glad to be able to advise you that at several re- 
cent conferences this matter was considered, and the 
following announced by the various lines: 

"That the rates on apples from the Virginia ter- 
ritory included in Charlottesville, Rockfish, Lynch- 
burg, Staunton, Goshen, Lexington and Roanoke 
groups to the following eastern groups, viz. : New 
York, Newark, Allentown, Flemington, Philadel- 
phia, Reading, Chadd's Ford, Baltimore, York, 
Odenton, Harrisburg, Hagerstown and Washington 
be made — less car-loads fourth-class (former rate 
third-class) and car-loads sixth-class, the minimum 
rate to be observed being to Baltimore 15, to Phila- 
delphia 16 and New York 17 cents per hundred 
pounds. 

"The above is a material reduction on the present 
basis, and I am sui'e will be entirely satisfactory to 



yourself and your associates, and it will be our pur- 
pose some time before the fruit season is on to arrange 
to publish the rates in accordance with above * 
and for your further information I desire to say that 
this basis will be applicable in connection with the 
Southern railway, Norfolk and Western and Balti- 
more and Ohio, the same as with our company (the 
Chesapeake and Ohio)." 

The above means that car-load rates to New York 
will be 25| cents or thereabouts per barrel. It is 
with a sense of the greatest satisfaction that I find 
myself in a position to submit the above information 
as the result of our efforts on behalf of the fruit 
growers, thus tending to advance the development of 
the fruit-growing industry, and I now appeal (with 
confidence after this showing of what we have been 
able to effect) to all fruit growers and parties inte- 
rested in this industry who are not already members 
to join membership in the Virginia State Horticul- 
tural Society. Membership fees are $1 annually, 
which can be sent to me, as secretary and treasurer, 
at Crozet, Albemarle county, Va.., and entitles each 
member to a copy of our annual report and all other 
privileges of membership. Our organization is 
steadily increasing each year, and I believe no better 
proof is now needed that the society is doing all it 
promised on behalf of fruit growers. These efforts, 
of course, cost time and money, and we need every 
member we can obtain. 

Our thanks are due to the railroad companies for 
the recognition mentioned above. I feel satisfied they 
will find themselves gainers by the increased impetus 
that will be thus given to our industry. 

Yours very truly, Walter Whately, 

Secretary and Treasurer Virginia State Horticul- 
tural Society, Chairman Committee on Transpor- 
tation and Marketing. 
Crozet, Ya., April 15, 1903. 
We are very much gratified to know that the efforts 
of the Horticultural Society to secure a reduction in 
rates has been successful. Great credit is due the 
Committee on Transportation, and especially the 
chairman of that committee, for the persistent way 
in which he has followed up the matter. The fruit 
growers of the State owe Mr. Whately a debt of 
gratitude which they may, and should, repay by be- 
coming members of the society. Concerted efforts by 
a strong organization may always be counted on to 
secure success sooner or later. Make the society 
stronger and still greater results will be obtained. — 
Ed. + 



An old broom is useful in the stable to clean the 
thickest mud from the horses' legs. Finish up with 
a coarse cloth or a handful of clean straw. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



321 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



THE MALE THE HALF OF THE HERD OR FLOCK. 

For years we have been trying to convince our 
readers that the only way in which they can succeed 
in grading up their herds and flocks is by breeding to 
pure bred bulls, boars and rams. In defiance of all 
our arguments and illustrations, there are yet, we 
are sorry to say, many who, whilst most anxious to 
have better stock, yet begrudge the money to pay for 
a pure bred male animal of fine breeding and an- 
cestry, and therefore prepotent in power to im- 
press his qualities on his produce. We are con- 
stantly in receipt of letters from breeders complain- 
ing that Southern farmers decline to pay more than 
$50 for a bull calf or $10 for a ram or boar pig. 
This is very false economy on the part of would-be 
buyers. To want a bull calf six months of age and 
weighing anywhere between 500 and GOO pounds as 
a pure bred animal of the beef breeds ought to do at 
that age for $50 is an unreasonable request. Breed- 
ers having bulls at the head of their herds which have 
cost them into the thousands of dollars cannot 
afford to sell at such prices. No man who wants to 
do himself justice should hesitate to give $100 for a 
bull calf, or $25 for a boar pig or a ram lamb when 
he knows that he is buying pure bred, registered stock 
from breeders of repute. The get of the animal in 
one season, even when bred only upon grade stock, 
will amply repay such an outlay. The increased 
size of the calves, pigs and lambs and their greater 
thriftiness will make them worth half as much more 
when they are six months old as animals the produce 
of grade sires, whilst animals kept to maturity will 
show the prepotent power of their male parent in the 
increased size yield and well doing on the feed con- 
sumed. A long experience in keeping stock of all 
kinds enables us to speak without hesitation on this 
subject. Whenever you decide to set about the im- 
provement of your herd or flock, and the sooner you 
do so the sooner you will get into the line of those 
whose animals are keeping them instead of the own- 
ers keeping the animals as is so largely the case now 
in the South with cattle especially, for it is well 
within the truth to say that more than one-half the 
cows in the South to-day are costing their owners 
money every year, instead of bringing money in; 
let the first step be the purchase of a pure bred, reg- 
istered bull, boar or ram of the breed you have de- 
cided to adopt, and when you order him let your in- 
structions be liberal. Do not say to the breeder, 



however good the animal be, I will only give $50 or 
$10, as the case may be, but ask to have the best 
animal put to you at the lowest price the breeder can 
afford to sell at, and give him credit for knowing 
what will result in the most profit to you and the 
greatest credit to him as the breeder. 



BLACK LEG -TEXAS FEVER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I frequently hear of losses of live stock, or rather 
cattle, from black leg, and I write to ask that you 
will call the attention of fanners to the fact that if 
they will take the precaution to vaccinate their young 
cattle that there is no danger of losses from that dis- 
ease. It is to be used as a preventative and not as a 
cure. And it would be well to describe the disease, 
as but few of them recognize it when their cattle are 
suffering from it. Hundreds of cattle are destroyed 
in this State by it every year when there is a remedy 
at hand, or, rather preventative. 

I am also a firm believer that the fatal Texas fever 
can be prevented by the use of the salt, sulphur and 
saltpeter mixture which I think you published once. 
I give it tQ you, as I think it will do no harm to put 
it before your readers again : 

One gallon salt, 1 quart sulphur, 1 gill powdered 
copperas, 1 gill powdered saltpetre. Mix and keep 
before the cattle at all times, under shelter or in 
covered troughs, and do not give them any other salt. 

Fluvanna county, Va. Stockman. 

We have repeatedly drawn the attention of our 
readers to the importance of their availing them- 
selves of the means afforded by vaccination for pre- 
venting loss of cattle from black leg. In almost 
every issue of the journal there appear advertise- 
ments offering the remedy for sale and testimonials 
as to its effectiveness. In our issue of August, 1902, 
we published a report on the subject from the Veter- 
narian of the Experiment Station at Blacksburg, in 
which he showed that the average loss of cattle in 
thirty Virginia counties from black leg was, before 
the introduction of vaccination, 11 per cent., whilst 
since vaccination had been practiced the loss had been 
less than 1 per cent. In this report the Veterinarian 
says : ; Tt must be remembered that vaccination has 
no curative effect. An animal, therefore, which is 
infected at the time of vaccination is just as 
sure to die as one which has not received the 
vaccine. * * * Although the disease appears to 
be on the increase there is no doubt that it could be 



322 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



stamped out in a few years' time by concerted action 
on the part of farmers by a thorough system of vac- 
cination and thorough destruction by burning of all 
carcasses of animals which have died of the disease. 

Black leg vaccine can be obtained from the Experi- 
ment Station, Blacksburg, on complying with certain 
rules and regulations.'' 

And now, as requested, a word as to the disease 
itself : It is a bacterial disease in which, under cer- 
tain conditions, spores (eggs) form which are capable 
of great resistance to detractive agents, and when 
once scattei'ed in a field or pasture may remain for an 
indefinite time, only waiting for an opportunity to 
enter the system of a susceptible animal and produce 
the disease, hence a pasture once infected may remain 
so for years. The carcass of an animal which dies of 
black leg contains countless numbers of these spores, 
and unless destroyed by burning may be the means 
of infecting a whole neighborhood. The disease itself 
occurs much more frequently in young cattle ranging 
from 6 months to 2 years old than in old cattle. It is 
not often seen in calves under 6 months old. The 
most fatal period is 1 year and under 2. All young 
cattle, therefore, between the ages of C months and 2 
years should be vaccinated. The symptoms of the 
disease are loss of appetite, dullness, cessation of 
rumination, harshness and staring of the coat, eleva- 
tion of temperature, rigors, coldness of the extremi- 
ties, lameness or stiffness when moved. Tumors form 
under the skin, most frequently on the shoulders or 
the loins. These tumors are first hot and painful 
when touched and then become cold and insensitive. 
If incised a dark colored and foetid fluid is dis- 
charged. As the disease progresses the tumors en- 
large and the animal shows great pain, the breathing 
becomes hurried and the temperature rises. After 
death the animal will be found to be enormously 
swollen with bloody froth issuing from the mouth, 
nostrils and anus. 

Texas fever preventive: Whilst this will do no 
harm to try it, we confess that we have no faith in its 
efficiency wherever the Texas fever tick is to be 
found. .En. 



A RECORD TEST FOR MILK AND BUTTER OF A 
HOLSTEIN COW. 

The secretary of the Holstein Freisian Advanced 
Registry sends us the following particulars of the 
testing of Sadie Vale Concordia. It establishes a 
new record for the breed : 

Sadie Vale Concordia, 32259, age 10 years, 2 
months, 24 days. Record for twenty-eight days — 



days after calving 5- — milk 2,565.6 pounds, butter 
fat 92.327 pounds, equivalent to 115 pounds, 6.5 
ounces butter SO per cent, fat, or 107 pounds, 
11.4 ounces 85.7 per cent, fat; best seven consecutive 
days — days after calving 14 — milk 694.3 pounds, 
butter fat 24.508 pounds, equivalent butter 80 per 
cent, fat, 30 pounds, 10.2 ounces, or 28 pounds, 9.5 
ounces 85.7 per cent. fat. This cow was retested 
twice, the first time showing a product of less than a 
half ounce of the average of the previous seven days ; 
the second a product of eight one-hundredths of an 
ounce less than the average of the best seven days. 
This record is undoubtedly the largest strictly official 
record ever reported. Owner, McAdam & Von 
Heyne, Deansboro, N. Y. 

As showing what such a record adds to the value 
of the progeny of a cow, we note that Henry Stevens 
& Son, well-known New York breeders of Holstein 
cattle, have recently paid $4,000 for the 9-weeks-old 
bull calf out of Sadie Vale Concordia, the cow that 
established new records for seven and thirty days' 
production of milk and butter fat. 



A FARMER'S OBSERVATIONS ON FEEDING- 
FEEDING FOR PROFIT. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Next in importance to providing the kind of food 
that will produce the largest amount of flesh, or milk, 
at the least cost, is to secure a perfect digestion of the 
food. A food may be rich in all the elements nature 
requires to support the animal economy, but unless 
the nourishment is extracted from it the food will be 
of no value to the animal, or its owner, except for 
manure. Digestion is the process by which the food, 
after having been reduced by mastication to consider- 
able fineness, and mixed with the saliva of the mouth 
and throat to facilitate swallowing, passes into the 
first stomach, is there acted upon by a powerful sol- 
vent called the gastric juice, is subjected to a grinding 
process to still further reduce its particles, the coarse' 
parts returned to the mouth for remastication to be 
again swallowed and acted upon by the organs of the 
four stomachs and intestines ; the most nutritious por- 
tions, called chyle, extracted and absorbed by the 
lacteals, or vessels provided for the purpose, is 
changed into blood and from blood into flesh 

This being the case, it will be readily seen that one 
great aid to digestion when grain is fed is to have it 
ground, and the finer the better. I am aware that 
many western feeders have declared that cattle will 
fatten just as well on whole corn as on corn meal, 
and that with hogs to follow the steers to eat the 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



323 



whole grain that is voided, there is no loss whatever. 
Eastern fanners with smaller corn-fields to draw 
upon, and forced to observe closely and practice rigid 
economy, do not find this to be the case. To feed 
whole grain to cattle without waste would require 
hogs to follow the cattle and hens to follow the hogs. 
A neighbor, when showing me his hogs, said he was 
feeding them whole buckwheat without cooking or 
soaking, and thereby saved the miller's toll. Appa- 
rently they were doing well, as he was also feeding 
them sour milk and buttermilk in considerable 
quantities. I pointed him to their dung, which con- 
tained many grains that, were entirely whole and 
many more that were merely cracked. 

"Oh, that's nothing," he said, "they eat the whole 
grain all over again." Every observant feeder has 
noticed that when hoes are fed all thev want of whole 
corn their dung is full of half- chewed kernels, which, 
unless eaten by the hens, is wasted. Hogs are 
naturally so greedy they do not properly masticate 
whole grain, and as they do not have the power to 
raise and rechew it, as cattle do, it is utterly impossi- 
ble to feed them whole grain without waste ; and, in 
my opinion, to force them by hunger to eat it the 
second time, is not only improper, but positively dan- 
gerous. 

To make hogs eat the voidings of cattle may not be 
quite so bad, but it is contrary to the instincts of 
nature and correct judgment. With the dung is 
ejected the impurities and poisonous germs of the 
body. No animals will eat their own dung or that 
from another species, if provided with sufficient food 
that is clean, fresh and of good quality. 

The almost universal practice of feeding whole 
corn to cattle in the West and compelling hogs to get 
their living from the catties' dung, no dotibt supplies 
a fruitful field for the propagation of hog cholera. 
Something must be allowed for the greater number of 
hogs ruised in the West, but it is a well-attested fact 
that hog cholera is hardly known in the- Middle and 
and Eastern States, where hogs are mostly raised and 
fattened on ground grain. 

Why should animals be allowed to wear out their 
teeth and tire their jaws in grinding whole grain, 
which they do not grind good, in order to save the 
miller's toll, when by so doing they are sure to waste 
more than a tenth because it is not fine enough to be 
digested ? 

Numerous experiments have shown that it is un- 
necessary to cook food for cattle and hogs, unless it 
be potatoes for hogs. Erom the immense number of 
great kettles manufactured at North Aurora, 111., it 



;is evident that many farmers in the West practice 
boiling potatoes and other roots for their hogs. For 
the human stomach nearly all foods, except fruits and 
berries, need to be cooked ; but the case is different 
with animals. As nature has not supplied them the 
means of cooking food it is reasonable to suppose 
she has provided them with organs of digestion so 
powerful and perfect they do not need it, and this 
reasonable supposition has been supported by many 
experiments. If grain is to be fed to animals with- 
out grinding, then by all means it should be cooked — 
not for the purpose of making it more palatable or 
nutritious, but to secure a better digestion by making 
it softer. Soaking might answer the purpose if it 
could be soaked long enough to soften without sour- 
ing it. 

My experience is favorable to boiling potatoes and 
turnips for hogs. The hogs eat them greedily, and 
with a small quantity of meal mixed with them they 
furnish a cheap fattening food. On raw potatoes 
they will nearly starve. Cattle, on the contrary, 
prefer all kinds of roots in the raw state, and accord- 
ing to my experience roots are better for them raw. 
I have tried feeding boiled potatoes and pumpkins 
to cattle, and unless they were fed sparingly they 
brought on the scours. 

To raise and fatten animals the most profitably 
they must be sheltered from cold storms and housed 
in warm, well-ventilated stables in the winter. Kept 
warm and comfortably all kinds of stock will grow 
and fatten on a smaller quantity of food. Cattle or 
hogs kept out of doors in the winter require a good 
deal of corn to maintain the warmth of their bodies, 
to say nothing about making a gain in weight. 

The cruelty of the western ranchmen in starving 
their unsheltered herds in the winter is punished by 
the great loss of stock and the pitiful appearance in 
the spring of those that survive. 

Cattle have been grown to good size and fattened 
on the prairie farms of the West exposed to the fear- 
ful blasts of winter that sweep over those fertile 
plains without the protection of any shelter or wind- 
break whatever ; but it was done at a fearful cost of 
corn. It is said that western farmers have sometimes 
burned corn to warm their houses, because it was 
cheaper than coal, but there is not a particle of doubt 
' they have burned it of tener, and in larger quantities, 
inside their cattle to keep the unsheltered beasts 
warm in the winter. 

John I). Gillette, of Illinois, took premiums at fat- 
stock shows, and his steers were famous for their 
size and beauty in all the eastern markets. He raised 



324 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



and fattened them in the open fields summer and 
winter on pasture and unhusked corn. His cattle 
were excellent, not because they were exposed to the 
blizzards of winter,, but in spite of it. A great deal 
of the corn he fed his steers was required to supply 
warmth to their bodies and was as surely wasted as 
if it had been thrown into the Illinois river. Had he 
built barns for the comfort of his stock he would have 
made a great deal more money and slept better in his 
warm bed. J. W. Ingham. 



CHANGING THE BREEDING HABIT IN SHEEP. 

We are frequently asked as to the possibility of 
changing the breeding habit of sheep so as to make 
them produce their lambs in the winter months and 
thus meet the requirements of the early-lamb market. 
The Minnesota Experiment Station has conducted a 
series of experiments extending over a period of six 
years with the object of reaching conclusions on this 
subject. The ewes selected for the experiment were 
at the outset common western grade sheep carrying 
the blood of the American Merino and probably of 
the Cotswold, Shropshire and Oxford Downs. The 
following are the conclusions reached : 

1. That the breeding habit in ewes which usually 
drop their lambs in the spring may be so changed that 
they will produce them in the fall and early winter. 

2. That this change can be effected sufficiently for 
practical uses in from two to three generations of 
judicious crossing when accompanied by a judicious 
selection. 

3. That it may be effected thus quickly by choosing 
very common ewes of mixed breeding and mating 
them with pure bred Dorset rams, always reserving 
the earlier dropped lambs for breeding uses. 

4. That in the transforming process, the dams 
which have suckled winter lambs may usually be bred 
more readily before being turned out on grass than 
subsequently, and especially when fed a stimulating 
grain portion while yet in the sheds. 

5. That when the change sought has been thus 
effected in the dams, a superior quality in the lambs 
may be obtained by using rams in service of certain 
of the dark-faced types and more especially of the 
Southdown and Shropshire breeds. 



POISONING BY SORGHUM AND KAFIR CORN. 

In Bulletin No. 77, issued by the Nebraska Ex- 
periment Station, stockmen have at last been fur- 
nished information of the highest importance rela- 
tive to cattle poisoning by Kaffir corn and sorghum. 
Why these two plants so generally useful should un- 
der some circumstances be so deadly to cattle has at 



last been explained by this bulletin. We quote the 
following : 

'■'Some three years ago Dr. A. T. Peters arrived at 
the following conclusions regarding the loss of cattle 
from eating green sorghum : 

"1. Animals do not die from bloat or indigestion. 

"2. They do not choke to death. 

"3. The deaths result from a violent poison in sor- 
ghum of stunted growth. 

"4. The symptoms are those of prussie acid 
poisoning." 

The last two conclusions are the ones of deepest 
interest to stockmen feeding sorghum and Kaffir 
corn. They have observed that large mature stalks 
eaten while green or fed as dry forage made a whole- 
some nutritious food, while stunted plants or those 
springing up as a second growth brought on the 
trouble. 

The following from the bulletin is to the point : 

"As both sorghum and Kaffir corn are important 
forage plants, and as the investigations of the writer 
show that they contain as normal constituents com- 
pounds yielding prussie acid, the important question 
naturally arises, in what condition of growth are 
these plants dangerous ? The following have been 
suggested : 

"1. Young plants. 

"'2. Second growth. 

"3. Frosted plants. 

"4. Stunted plants. 

"Unfortunately sufficient data have not been se- 
cured to enable the writer to give a final opinion on 
all of these points. They will, however, be dis- 
cussed in the light of the facts at hand. 

"Young plants of vigorous growth contain a higher 
per cent, of prussie acid than the bright green leaves 
of plants reaching maturity. As the stalks and 
seeds contain no prussie acid, the young plants con- 
tain a much greater per cent, of acid than the mature 
plants considered as a whole. 

"Second growth is not more deadly than first 
growth, although, as falls in the West are often 
bright and dry, conditions may be favorable for the 
elaboration of excessive amounts of poison during 
the second growth. 

"Frost is without influence except as the forerun- 
ner of a period of bright dry weather. 

"Growth arrested by dry weather before the plant 
begins to mature presents a condition very favorable 
for the elaboration of the poison. Growth stunted 
by too much water, sterile soil, shade of trees or hard- 
ness of ground does not result in the formation of 
dangerous quantities of poison. 

"A study of the data at hand, field observations 
and chemical analyses, indicates that the poisonine 
is most deadly in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas and 
Colorado, and that it is rare east, north and south of 
these States. — Breeders' Gazette. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



325 



The Poultry Yard. 



THOSE DESTRUCTIVE LICE. 

Of all ailments of the poultry yard, none equals 
the scourge of hen lice. They destroy more thou- 
sands of young chicks than we have any idea of. 
Bowel trouble, brain trouble and debilitated condi- 
tions are brought about by these blood-sucking pests, 
some of which work by day and others by night. 
The first of all these is the head louse, which comes 
into active service as soon as the chick is out of the 
shell. We have seen over a dozen of them clinging 
to the top of the head and under the throat within a 
few hours after the coming from the shell. To de- 
stroy these, oil the top of the head and under the 
throat with sweet oil. Dip your finger into the oil 
and rub the top of the head and under the throat with 
it as soon as they come from the nest. 

Much of this insect pest may be avoided by having 
clean nests for the sitting hens, and by filling the 
plumage of the hens with insect powder, at least 
twice during the three weeks of their time of incu- 
bating. Dalmatian insect powder — better known 
perhaps as Persian — which is sold in the drug stores 
by the pound, is excellent; or any good insect pow- 
der will do, providing it will not injure the eyes of 
the young chicks. If nest boxes are fresh and clean 
to start with, then clean nests are made of soft straw, 
the hens' bodies well powdered with the insect pow- 
der two or three times during the three weeks they 
are sitting, you have at least established a barrier 
against their gaining much foothold; but the eggs 
of these ever-active pests are hidden away in the 
feathers of the hen, and continue to hatch and propa- 
gate after their creators or sponsors have been killed. 

Following the head lice on the chick come the body 
lice, that hide under their little wings, about their 
vent and in the neck — in fact, they go where they will 
be kept warm from the heat of the chick's body, and 
where the chick cannot get at them with beak or toes. 
Here they live and thrive, and scatter utter destruc- 
tion by sucking the life blood from their bodies. 
Some make use of oil of different kinds to rid the 
chicks of them. Kerosene oil is often made use of. 
This is not good, because it will blister the tender 
skin of the chick; also, this or any kind of oil will 
grease the down or feathers and gather dirt; for 
these reasons they are not desirable. If any kind of 
oil is used, to be rid of lice, use sweet oil; but the 
best thing is powdered anise seed. When this is 
powdered very fine, and kept perfectly dry, it is an 
excellent destroyer of all kinds of lice that infest the 



young chick. It must be fine and dry to do good 
execution. The beauty of it is it is harmless, if they 
eat it, and it will not injure their eyes. 

There are several kinds of body lice that bother the 
young chick, as well as the mother hen ; all of these, 
however, can be destroyed by the use of finely pow- 
dered anise seed or any good insect powder. When 
you see the young chicks standing in the sun as if 
asleep, and peeping in distress, you had better look 
through their plumage, head and neck, for lice. If 
found, begin war on them as soon as possible by 
powdering them well, also the mother hen ; but ever 
have in mind that the powder you must use must be 
very fine, perfectly dry, and of a kind that will not 
make their eyes sore. Some kinds of powder will 
cause them to have sore eyes, when it gets into them, 
as it is apt to do when put into the feathers of the 
mother hen. — Country Gentleman. 



TEN POINTERS IN SUCCESSFUL POULTRY KEEP- 
ING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

1. Give your fowls a dry, comfortable, roomy 
house ; crowded winter quarters are expensive. 

2. Breed only from healthy, vigorous stock; never 
inbreed. 

3. Feed a variety of wholesome food, but do not 
over feed. 

4. Let your hens scratch for a part of their living ; 
exercise is essential. 

5. Be sure that they have grit of some kind ; hens 
have no teeth. 

6. Provide clean water for drinking; foul, stag- 
nant water breeds disease. 

7. Clean and disinfect your poultry houses and 
coops at least once a week; fowls have breathing 
organs. 

8. Look out for lice ; give them no quarters. Lice 
breeding and poultry breeding make an unprofitable 
combination. 

9. Dampness, filth and cold drafts cause roop; 
avoid them. 

10. "Be sure that you are right, then go ahead" ; 
persistent pushing in the right direction insures 
success. S. P. Yoder. 

Warwick Co., Va. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



:!26 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



AUSTRALIAN LAYING CONTEST. 

Secretary Dunnicliffe sends us clippings from the 
Daily Telegraph, Sydney, New South Wales, from 
which we learn that great interest is felt in that 
country over the coming laying contest between 
American and Australian hens, which is now under 
way. 

The clippings are from the Telegraph for Jan- 
uary 7th, and give the results for ten months in the 
year's test being carried on at the Hawkesburg Agri- 
cultural College with Australian hens. 

This report makes a better showing than was made 
at the end of six months, and we are inclined to a 
belief that some Australian hens are rather good 
layers. 

If we remember that midsummer comes in Jan- 
uary in New South Wales, we will better understand 
the allusions to hot weather in the following extracts 
from the report : 

c ' Considering the lateness of the season, the hens 
are laying wonderfully, and no doubt many breeders 
will be greatly surprised to know that the total num- 
ber of eggs for the month exceeded that for Decem- 
ber by 51. 

'''The warm weather seems to be suiting the Leg- 
horns from Wagga, as Mr. Horwood's six hens gave 
the splendid total of 118 eggs. Grantham's rose- 
comb and Mr. Kennedy's single-comb White Leg- 
horns are having a ding-dong race, and no doubt, 
from the condition of the birds, they will have a hard 
battle during the next two months. It is surprising 
how the Orpingtons and Wyandottes maintain their 
position, and there is no fear of any of the leading 
general utility pens being displaced by the Mediter- 
raneans now below them. 

The total number of eggs laid for the month was 
2,903, as compared with 2,942 in December, 2,213 
in November, and 3,735 in October. The total 
number of eggs from the 38 pens for the 10 months 
was 25,935, or an average of 113.75. per hen. 

"The six leading pens for the prizes for the second 
six months are: D. Scott, 447 eggs; Grantham Poul- 
try Farm, 446 ; G. Kennedy, 439 ; Dr. Fiaschi, 425 ; 
Mrs. A. Ilislop, 41S ; W. Haydon, 412." 

The report before us shows that at the end of ten 
months a pen of rose-comb White Leghorns was first, 
a pen of White Leghorns second, and these were fol- 
lowwed by Silver Wyandottes, Black Orpingtons, 
Silver Wyandottes, Black Orpingtons, Black Orping- 
tons, in the order named. 

Beginning with the lowest on the list, we find 
Minorcas, Buff Leghorns, White Wyandottes, Anda 



lusians, Minorcas, Anconas, Black Orpingtons, 
White Wyandottes. The first and second pens have 
152f and 152| eggs, respectively, as the average pro- 
duction for the ten months. The last and next to 
last have 70f and 78 eggs, respectively, to their 
credit as the average production for the ten months. 
The best pen of Buff Orpingtons appears as eleventh 
on the list from the top and the poorest as tenth from 
the bottom. This places them very close to the gen- 
eral average of all the breeds. 

Of the thirty-eight pens, not one is composed of 
Plymouth Rocks of any variety. A private letter 
from a breeder in Australia assures us that the Ply- 
mouth Rock is in bad savor in that country solely on 
account of the quality of the specimens that have 
been sent from this country on orders from breeding 
stock. 

We are not at all alarmed over the prospect of 
defeat for the American hens, as we believe they will 
be able to make a good showing compared to the one 
above given. We are looking for a report from them 
on the next Australian mail. — Commercial Poultry. 



SITTING HENS AND NESTS. 

When the sitting hens leave their nests before the 
hatch is due, it is an infallible indication of lice, 
and the nests should be taken outside, cleaned of the 
contents, the material burned, and the next-boxes 
swabbed with kerosene, to which a lighted match may 
be applied. If the nests crowd the poultry houses, 
causing room to be restricted, they may be left out- 
side at this season by being placed against the fences 
and partially covered with brush. 



If a chick stands drawn up or acts droopy, ex- 
amine it at once. Either lice, bad bowels or indi- 
gestion is probably the ailment. 



Eggs that have been exposed over night to a tem- 
perature of 31 degrees have been hatched and a fair 
hatch has been had from an incubator where the tem- 
perature got as high as 115 degrees. Much depends 
on the degree of moisture in the air, a dry air being 
the least dangerous. 



Few of us would enjoy a steady diet of cold vit- 
uals. The hen is a good deal that way. She ap- 
preciates warm food and will respond quickly to it 
and in a way to make the pocket-book of her owner 
fuller. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



327 



The Horse. 



NOTES. 



Breeding, rearing and developing hunters and 
jumpers has assumed important proportions in Vir- 
ginia live stock circles, and the industry is one that 
richly merits the encouragement and support of 
breeders and farmers in general. These horses, 
usually and preferably, too, perhaps, are the pro- 
duct of thoroughbred sires from general purpose 
mares, and many of them bred and reared on our 
native heath have gone out and captured the highest 
honors in the greatest of American show rings and 
in hunting fields known the world over. Probably 
the best known centres of this breeding industry are 
Warrenton, in Eauquier county; Leesburg, Loudoun 
county, and Charlottesville, in Albemarle county, 
which are in the midst of rich grazing districts, but 
there are scores of establishments in other sections 
that have attained prominence, and whose products 
have gained fame and the smile of fortune as well. 

t5* <<9* <*?* 

The season has been a busy one at Hampton farm, 
and the big stable of hunters and jumpers has been 
thinned down considerably by a number of quite im- 
portant sales. The farm is in Fairfax county, and 
just three miles out from the staid old Virginia town 
of Alexandria. Hampton, with its broad acres, i? 
the ancestral home of Courtland H. Smith, who di- 
rects affairs, and in all Virginia there is probably 
not a bolder or more intrepid horseman. In addi- 
tion to the horses at Hampton, Short horn cattle and 
Southdown sheep are also kept, and these, with poul- 
try of all kinds, help to make the establishment a 
paying institution. Since the beginning of spring a 
new and profitable market has been found in Kansas 
City, and the sales of Firebrand, Rosscommon, The 
Greyling, Montrose, and another light weight hunter 
were followed by those of Marmion, b. g., 16.2, up to 
200 pounds, by Marmion ; Well Over, br. g., 16 :2, up 
to 200 pounds, by Jake Shipsey; Valley Boy, b. g., 
16:1, up to 180 pounds, by Jake Shipsey; Blue Bot- 
tle, blue roan g., 16 hands, up to 180 pounds, by 
Golden Deer; Troope, br. m., 16 hands, up to 180 
pounds, by Philadelphia; ch. g., 15:3, up to 180 
pounds, by Guardsman ; Minerva, ch. m., 16 hands, 
up to 180 pounds, by Torchlight; The Witch, br. m., 
16 hands, up to 175 pounds, by Romnev; Panther, 
b.. g., 15:3, up to 175 pounds, by Panther; Milk 
Maid, br. m., 15:2, up to 150 pounds, by Tecumseh; 
Mr. Dooly, br. g., 16 hands, up to 225 pounds, by 
Zuave; Scattercash, 16 hands, up to 175 pounds, by 
Delurie; Cascade, b. g., 15 hands, up to 150 pounds, 
by Imp; Water Level; Juniata, b. m., 16 hands, up 
to 175 pounds, by Richelieu; Archduke, b. g., 16:2, 



up to 200 pounds, by Jake Shipsey, and The Lamb, 
gr. g., 15 :3, who has a record of 6 feet 5 inches, and 
is up to 250 pounds, by Botheration. The schooling 
and handling of these horses represented both care 
and outlay, but the outcome was satisfactory, and 
they averaged over $500. 

(5* ^* t£T> 

The Hampton Farm stable has recently been 
strengthened by new additions, and the string is now 
the best ever owned on the place, its most important 
and best known members are, of course, the well- 
known prize winners, Up-to-date, Tip-Top, Chappie 
Lee and Ongonquitt, all of whom are in grand shape, 
and are confidently expected to duplicate their vic- 
tories of other years when taken down the line of 
horse shows this season. The new ones, however, 
include Flambeau, ch. g., 4, 16 hands, by Torchlight, 
who is a fine looker and able to jump a fence with 
ease; Skibbereen, ch. g., 4, 16:3, and up to 225 
pounds, and can jump close to six feet; Potential, 
b. g., 15:3, by imp. Potentate, dam Moline, by imp. 
Blytkewood. A grand type with perfect conforma- 
tion and safe for a lady, while up to 180 pounds and 
safe over any country; Pride of Hampton, b. g., 
15:3, up to 180 pounds, by William, dam Best Girl. 
This horse is a grand fencer, with nice mouth and 
manners as well; Senegal Rad, ch. g., 15:1, by Cal- 
cium, dam Columbia, a perfect type of the thorough- 
bred hack, with perfect mouth along with manners, 
and good enough to win in the best company down 
the line of horse shows ; Fire Light, ch. g., 15 :3, 4, 
by Torchlight, dam nearly thoroughbred ; one of 
the clean bred galloping sort rarely found, and up to 
175 pounds; Yorrick, r. g., 16:2, 5, by Merry Lad, 
is a grand big youngster, up to top weight, and fast 
with it, while a magnificent fencer; Daylight, b. g., 
16:3 1-2, 5, by Torchlight. This gelding is up to 
230 pounds, and one of the fastest weight carriers 
of his day, safe over five feet; Courageous, b. g., 
16:2, by Zuave, dam by Underwood, is a big one 
without flaw or fault, and can both fence and gallop, 
and some dozen or more other good ones, among them 
the fine, big roan gelding Brigadier, by Guardsman, 
and one of the finest horses ever sired by him. 

*5* *£• <*?• 

The brown pacing mare Skyland Girl, 2 :19^-, by 
Simmons, who was so successfully campaigned dur- 
ing 1902 by George F. Dyer, then of Greensboro, 
N. C, but now at the Fair Grounds track, Lynch- 
burg, Va., is now in the stable of A. Hi Tyson, 
Newark, Del., avIio will race her this season. Mamie 
Woods, 2 :20, the dam of this mare, was purchased 
while in foal and taken to Winston, N. C, by R. J. 



328 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



Reynolds, the head of the noted Southern manufac- 
turing house of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Com- 
pany, and foaled his property. Mr. Reynolds is 
still interested in fine harness horses, but of recent 
years has turned his attention to breeding coachers. 

^v ^» i0& 

Among the horses in the training stable of George 
M. Harden, Raleigh, 1ST. C, are the big chestnut 
mare, Petronel, 2:19 3-4, by Expedition, 2:15 3-4, 
dam Petrel, by Onward, who made her record in 
1902, and is likely to go much faster this season; 
Sweet Rector, bay horse, 5, by Director, 2 :17^, dam 
Sweet Alca, by Alcazar, and John T. Moore, the 
bay pacing stallion, foaled 1899, by Hal Wooldridge, 
dam by Locomotive, second dam by John Dillard, 
Jr., who is well formed, handsome in harness, and 
has a nice way of going. This horse was brought to 
North Carolina by T. M. Arrasmith, of Greensboro, 
who named him for ''Trotwood," the widely known 
poet, author, charming turf writer and horseman, of 
Columbia, Tenn., and the son of Hal Woodridge 
promises to be a credit to the famous pacing family 
from which he springs. 

tC& %0& (5* 

Wealth, 2 :17£, the son of Gambetta Wilkes and 
Magnolia, by Norfolk, who heads the stud of Col. 
W. H. Chapman, Gordonsville, Va., is doing finely, 
and at the close of a limited season will go into train- 
ing, and if he keeps right a record of 2 :10 or better 
will be credited up to him before snow flies. Wealth 
is a horse of grand size, finish and splendid appear- 
ance in harness, while he has frequently shown two 
minute speed in both his work and in races. Col. 
Chapman is determined not only to accord the son of 
Gambetta Wilkes the benefit of speed development, 
but opportunities in the stud as well, as shown by his 
recent purchase from W. J. Carter of the richly bred 
brood mare Lanciana, a good looking daughter of 
Lancelot, 2 :23, and Mariana, by Sorrento, second 
dam, Mary Whitman, by Kentucky Prince, third 
dam, Nancy Whitman, dam of Robert McGregor, 
2 :17 1-4, sire of Cresceus, 2 :02 1-4, the trotting 
king, Lanceana, is now in foal to Red Buck, Jr., the 
sire of Ben D., 2 :08 3-4, and after foaling will be 
mated with Wealth. 

to* tc& %&& 

Friends of the well-known Virginian, Algernon 
Daingerfielc!, now assistant secretary of the Wash- 
ington Jockey Club, will welcome the news that he 
has been appointed clerk of the scales for the Metro- 
politan Circuit of the Jockey Club of the United 
States. This is the largest organization in the 
country, and tbe position is an important one. Since 
Mr. Daingerfield left Harrisonburg, his native home, 



he has been prominently identified with the turfmen 
of the country, and has become widely known in 

racing circles. 

& S <* 

The former well-known Virginia bred pacing mare, 
Princess Eulalie, 2 :17 1-4, by Prince Belmont, dam 
by Red Jacket, owned by the Hon. W. R. McKenney, 
of Petersburg, Va., foaled on March 30th, a fine 
filly by Judge Cox, the sire of Coxey, 2 :13. 

^* 1&* '£?* 

John G. White, Leesburg, Va., has sold, through 
W. D. Grand, of the American Horse Exchange, 
New York, eight half bred hackneys, all of whom 
were high stepping harness horses, among them be- 
ing the Virginia Horse Show winners, Lord Pair- 
fax ; the prize team, Threads and Patches, and Grey 
Eagle. 

(■$* <&* tffi 

The Boscobel Farm Stable of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. 
H. Hurkamp, Fredericksburg, Va., includes some 
choice young horses in addition to a few older ones 
that will be taken down the line of horse shows this 
season. Grand old Hornpipe, the big, sturdy roan, 
son of Young Sanford ; Amaret, the crack high 
jumper, and others will compete for honors in select 
company. With Mr. Hurkamp up, Amaret has 
cleared the bars at dizzy heights, while Hornpipe 
has figured as a winner season after season when 
pitted against the best in the land, and can usually 
be depended upon to do his best whenever called 
upon. 



Joseph Lassiter, of the Richmond Horse Bazaar, 
has made a number of sales of well known trotters 
and pacers recently, among those passing through 
his hands being Whitby, 2:18 1-4; Florence Miles, 
2:21 1-4; Kitty B., 2:23 1-4; Lenore Russell, Rose 
Bow, Crissie, and others. 

Bboadrock. 



SALE OF IMPORTED JERSEYS. 

We invite attention to the advertisement in this 
issue of the sale of imported Jerseys by Mr. T. S. 
Cooper, the well-known importer and judge of stock. 
The sale will include some as fine animals as Mr. 
Cooper ever offered, and he has imported and sold 
some of the finest Jerseys now in the country. Buy- 
ers who cannot attend the sale are invited to send 
their bids to Mr. Cooper, who will use his best efforts 
to execute orders entrusted to him. Send for cata- 
logue. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



329 



Miscellaneous. 



GOOD ROADS. 



The long contimied wet weather has once more 
aroused attention to this subject, and for a time at 
least caused one to believe that at last something is 
to be done to rid the State of the greatest incubus on 
its advancement. We, however, regret to say that 
the question has not yet assumed that phase which 
leads us to think that we are on the eve of the only 
sound and satisfactory settlement of it. Not until 
the State itself as a whole realizes that the subject 
of roads is one calling for the help of the State in its 
solution can there be a just settlement of the matter. 
The dealing with it as one affecting the counties 
alone can only result in injustice to farmers. It is 
neither just nor right that the burden of making good 
roads throughout the State, and thus advancing its 
prosperity more than any other thing can do, should 
be wholly borne by the farmers. The cities of the 
State will be as much — nay, more certainly — bene- 
fited than the counties by the making of highways 
leading into them upon which heavy loads can be car- 
ried at all seasons of the year, and the cities therefore 
should bear their fair share of the taxation, which 
must be imposed to secure this end. We advanced 
this idea many years ago, when first the subject of 
roads became a living question throughout the coun- 
try. It was then strongly opposed everywhere, but 
it has proved its soundness by commending itself to 
the enlightened communities in the North. New 
Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania have adopted 
the principle, and each of these States annually ap- 
propriates from the State taxes several million dol- 
lars to supplement the efforts of the counties. Penn- 
sylvania only the other day appropriated $6,500,000 
to be expended this year. The result is already seen 
in New Jersey and New York States, where scores of 
miles of good highways are already made, and hun- 
dreds more are under construction. The counties 
readily burden themselves to meet the offer of State 
aid, and the work progresses to the manifest advan- 
tage of every one owning property, whether in city 
or county. We are expecting to see this system of 
help to the counties still further extended in the 
near future by the recognition by the Nation of its 
responsibility in the matter. We urged this in a 
Convention at Washington many years ago, when the 
Koad Inquiry Bureau, of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, was first formed. Then the idea was sconted, 
now it is being favorably considered, and there is 



throughout the country a strong current of feeling 
being expressed in favor of the Brownlow bill, now 
before Congress, which makes provision for this Na- 
tional help. There is no more reason why water- 
ways (rivers and harbors) should be aided by na- 
tional assistance than why highways should not be 
helped. If the one system is sound and just, then the 
other is certainly so. Millions have been spent and 
are being spent each year in rivers and harbors, which 
are much less the highways of the people than are the 
public roads of the State. The national revenues 
are largely drawn from the country people, yet they 
receive little in return. Millions of this national 
money are expended in the cities and towns in build- 
ing government buildings. Let the country people 
have their share in the building of highways. We 
are glad to see that some of the counties of the State 
are asking for power to borrow money to build high- 
ways. This, when borrowed, should be met by help 
from the State and nation, and then good roads will 
be built without being too great a burden upon the 
farmers of the State. They are willing to bear 
their share, but should not consent to carry the whole 
burden. ''Equal burdens break no backs." 



AN IMPORTANT VIRGINIA INDUSTRY. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In no other portion of the habitable globe does the 
productive water meet the productive land on such 
close, intimate and easy terms as is shown every- 
where on the lower Chesapeake, James river, Hamp- 
ton Roads, and their tributaries. 

These productive waters penetrate the land in 
every direction, making thousands of beautiful coves, 
inlets and snug little harbors, and here and there we 
find a body of water like Hampton Roads, which 
contains nearly fifty square miles of surface; the 
lower James, which is from five to seven miles in 
width, and the lower Chesapeake, which comprises a 
thousand square miles of water, all of which waters 
are underlaid with oysters and clams, and the waters 
are fairly alive with fish and crabs. 

Norfolk is a logical centre for fish and oyster busi- 
ness, and the report of the United States Commission 
for the year 1901 places Norfolk well up on the list. 
The States included in the report are New York, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Vir- 
ginia. 



330 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



A few "facts, figures and features" relating to the 
fish and oyster industry may be of considerable in- 
terest to many of your readers, both in and out of 
the State. 

The value of the Virginia catch for the year 1901 
was more than four and one-half million dollars — 
this for fish alone. Only one State exceeds the Vir- 
ginia figures, and this is New Jersey. The New 
Jersey figures were only about one hundred thousand 
dollars over and above the Virginia figures. 

The number of fish caught in Virginia waters dur- 
ing the year 1901 reached the grand total of 378,- 
183,358, against less than half that number for New 
Jersey. 

The value of the New York catch of fish was 
nearly one million dollars less than that of Virginia. 
Virginia leads all the States in the clam industry, 
and is second on the list in the quantity and value of 
crabs handled. 

In oysters Virginia leads every State except one, 
that being Maryland, and leads Maryland in the 
quantity, but falls slightly behind her in value. of the 
oysters handled. 

The Virginia catch of oysters was 7,885,447, and 
the value of the catch was $2,923,456. The Mary- 
land catch was 5,685,561, and the value was $3,- 
031,518. 

In the matter of oyster business, Norfolk is rapidly 
gaining on Baltimore. For many years Baltimore 
has had the distinction of being the greatest oyster 
centre on the face of the globe, and for many years 
Norfolk has been a pretty good second in the race, 
and is gaining each year, and will soon lead Balti- 
more, because the great bulk of oysters and the best 
oyster grounds lie nearer Norfolk than Baltimore. 

Norfolk waters are always free from ice, making- 
it easier for the oystermen to handle their business. 

Maryland employs 36,260 hands in the oyster busi- 
ness, Virginia employs 29,325 hands. Virginia uses 
1,086 sailing vessels in the prosecution of the oyster 
business. In addition to these vessels, 12,174 smaller 
boats are used. 

The oyster fleet alone employed in these Virginia 
waters would make quite a respectable showing. 
Just imagine 1,086 quite good-sized sailing vessels 
and 12,174 smaller boats all going and coming like 
bees all winter in the oyster business. It makes a 
very lively scene, and results in the handling of large 
sums of money. The hands are paid every week, 
and much money is placed in circulation in Norfolk 
by reason of the oyster business. 

Nature has been very good to Eastern Virginia, in 



supplying her with such an inexhaustible meat bar- 
rel. It is filled each year by the provident hand of 
nature, and, notwithstanding man's best efforts, the 
supply continues pretty nearly the same from year 
to year. 

The fish that are caught for the oil are dried out 
and the oil extracted, and the fish scrap is used for 
fertilizer purposes, but most of the catch are confined 
to the food fishes, such as spots, mullets, blue .fish, 
sheep's head, croakers and other varieties, including 
large numbers of sturgeon, which often reach the 
weight of three to four hundred pounds each. 

The hook and line fishing is also very fine in the 
waters adjacent to this sea port, and we have to con- 
fess that the inducements offered here to extract a 
living from the salt water are so numerous and so 
weighty that thousands of good farmers have been 
spoiled by being attracted by the profits offered 'to 
fishermen. 

In other words, Eastern Virginia is long on good 
fishermen and good oystermen, but rather short on 
good farmers; but it is a fact that here in Eastern 
Virginia fishing is not only a pleasure, but it seems 
to be highly profitable. A. Jeffeks. 



IMPROVING LAND. 

Editor Southern Planters 

If I were going to preach three sermons on fer- 
tility, or land improvement, I would take as my first 
text Deep Plowing, my second would be Humus, 
and my third would be Lime. Any one of these 
three "texts" is a subject for unlimited discussion. 
But I am going to combine them in one, and if my 
views have any weight, I will feel honored to have 
you give them space in your columns. If I am 
wrong, then consign this to the waste basket, and I 
will not complain. But my faith is in my subject, 
and my heart is with my Brother Farmer, and if I 
can say anything that will aid him, then I am happy. 

Deep soil, humus, and lime go hand in hand to- 
gether. They were joined together in the beginning, 
and they stand together in the bond of nature, and 
can be counted on to do their work, if man will let 
them. They are devoted and true to each other, and 
dependent one upon the other. 

Living as I do, on the border of Loudoun and 
.Fairfax counties, I have abundant opportunity to 
see the benefits derived from the practice of deep 
plowing and liming, as well as to note the baneful 
results of the system of shallow plowing. 

We have in this section of the State a beautiful 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



33 i 



country, about 300 feet above sea level, with a climate 
unsurpassed for man, beast and vegetation. (A 
German editor who spent his summer here says our 
county is the Italy of America.) The nature of our 
soil is both loam and clay, adapted to the growing of 
grain, grass and fruit, as well as trucking. We have 
the best of railroad facilities, with Washington city 
as our market, where they pay fancy prices for all 
good articles. We are in easy distance of the city, 
and this is the cause of the majority of the farms 
which are worked by tenants, becoming impoverish- 
ed. A ereat manv of our land owners hold office i:i 
the city and live there. They lease their farms, and 
the renter hauls about everything that the farm pro- 
duces to the city. They feed little or no stock, make 
•no manure, and sow a cheap acid fertilizer on land 
plowed from two to four inches deep. 

The owners of these rented lands are now placing 
these farms on the market, and they are being rapidly 
bought up by home seekers, and where they have 
plowed deep and put a little lime the improvement 
has been like magic. I have frequently, in passing 
a poor field of corn, asked Avhat was the matter with 
the crop, and the answer would always be, the land is 
"worn out." 

Now, nearly all of this land in this section was 
good to begin with, and I do not believe that natur- 
ally good land can become permanently exausted 
under any system of farming in three or four gen- 
erations, and yet this land fails to produce, under 
the tenant system. I think it is God's plan of lock- 
ing up the fertility of the soil, and rendering it un- 
productive until some man gets hold of it who knows 
how to farm it. 

These so-called worn out lands are lacking mainly 
in humus, and the quickest way to fill these lands 
with humus is the shortest road to permanent im- 
provement. Deep plowing and sub-soiling is the 
first essential thing to do. I am frequently hearing 
the question, "What are the benefits derived from 
deep plowing?" This question was ably answered 
by Mr. A. Jeffers, in his article: "That Little Farm 
Well Tilled," in the April Planter. He preached 
sound doctrine there, and it should be preached in 
every journal. Another article in the April Journal, 
written by Mr. K. ~R. Crast, headed "Fertility With- 
out Humus," is a strong argument for deep plowing 
and sub-soiling. Whilst I do not agree with him, 
that we can maintain fertility without humus, still 
his article shows that the sub-soil, dug deep in the 
ground to make the embankments, had plant food in 
it, and when loosened up and brought into contact 
with the sunshine and frost, brought forth rank vege- 



tation. For the past twenty years I have used chem- 
ical fertilizers, and am still using, yet I am con- 
strained to say that I. believe a great part of the 
money spent for fertilizers was lost, and I would have 
derived better results if the same money had been 
spent in legumes and barn yard manure, for no so- 
called complete fertilier ever took the place of stable 
manure for me. 

As humus is partially decomposed vegetable matter 
in the soil, its duties are many. First, it is used for 
the purpose of keeping the particles of soil separate, 
so that air may find access, and the roots may have a 
chance to develop. It keeps the soil from puddling 
in a wet time, and from baking in a drouth ; second, 
it serves as an absorbent or a sponge, to hold mois- 
ture, and gives it out in the time of a drouth. It 
is a conservor of heat, which warms up the soil and 
causes the seed to germinate properly, and it is the 
home and storehouse of nitrogen. Humus is the re- 
sult of fertility ; at the same time, it is the mother of 
fertility. We can best obtain it by thorough culti- 
vation and the plowing under of vegetable matter, 
such as weeds, stubble, clover, peas and barnyard ma- 
nure. In doing this we often turn under too much 
green vegetable matter, and this causes our land to 
become "sick or sour" from too much acid being left 
in the soil. In this event we want something to take 
up and neutralize these liberated acids before they 
accumulate in such quantity as to injure vegetation. 
Slaked lime is one of the best materials for this pur- 
pose, and has clearly demonstrated the fact in this 
section. 

We are told by the chemist that the conversion of 
refuse vegetable matter, as well as animal matter, 
into plant food requires the intervention of chemical 
and other agencies, Avhich will transform this inert 
nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates. The natural 
forces that do this work cheaply and beneficially are 
the microbes that feed upon the refuse vegetable 
matter of the soil. These nitrifying microbes can- 
not do their work in a soil where any considerable 
amount of free acid (other than carbonic acid) ex- 
ists, but they work well and multiply in the presence 
of lime. In this neighborhood hay has been made 
to increase from 50 per cent, to 100 per cent, per 
acre from the application of lime, and from my 
experience and observation, I would advise an ap- 
plication of 25 bushels to the acre every four years, 
as this quantity is giving as good results as 100 
bushels per acre. It is an easy matter to locate the 
lands in this section that have been limed by the 
abundance of grass and the absence of sheep sorrel. 

As a rule, farmers are not chemists, and do nol 



332 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



know what their lands need in the shape of fertil- 
izers, as different land requires different fertilizers. 
But we cannot go amiss in putting lime on any kind 
of land. It will make stiff land more porous, and 
sandy soil more compact. 

Let me repeat, deep plowing, clover, peas and barn 
yard manure and lime have reclaimed more worn out 
or abused land than all other agencies combined. 
Lime works wonders under certain circumstances, 
But like medicine, it should not be given in over 
doses, and should be accompanied by some kind of 
stock raising for the manure. W. E. Millek. 

Fairfax Co., Va. 



HOW THE FARMER HAS BEEN EDUCATED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

A great deal has been said of the educational ad- 
vantages of city life over that of the country. This 
fact has had a definite bearing on the agricultural 
community in all sections of the country. Parents 
have left the farm in order to give their children the 
benefit of the advantages which city life affords. 
The older sons and daughters have left of their own 
volition, leaving the farm to their parents on which 
to live out their natural term of years. Any great 
industrial enterprise cannot long attract labor and 
capital of a productive nature, which plays this losing 
game in its process of development. But now as 
agriculture in its various phases represents the great- 
est of all industries of the country, there must have 
beein some agency by which this stream of emigra- 
tion has been checkmated, or a new force set in mo- 
tion to counteract this condition. 

The solution has been found in the farmer himself. 
The general awakening of the farmer came simul- 
taneously with the organization of such self-helping 
societies as the farmers' clubs, the Grange, etc. The 
government also lent a hand, not with a spirit of 
philanthropy, but as a matter of business policy, and 
which took the form of departments of agriculture 
and agricultural colleges. From these two widely 
different points of view a systematic method of co- 
operation has been evolved to solve the difficulties of 
rural progress. 

In nearly every State in the Union a central or- 
ganization has been formed to promote the interests 
of agriculture. The direction of the work may fall 
to an agricultural board especially created for the 
purpose, or under the auspices of the agricultural 
colleges. The object in any case is the same — 
namely, the diffusion of knowledge in matters per- 



taining to agriculture. By far the most potent in- 
fluence for agricultural progress has come through 
the Farmers' Institute. The general supervision is 
in the hands of the State, and it represents the co- 
operation of the farmer and the scientist in a common 
interest. On the average, each State holds 175- meet- 
ings in as many places during the year, and the bene- 
ficial results accruing cannot be estimated. An In- 
stitute lasting from one to two days, and having gen- 
erally four sessions a day, affords ample opportunity 
for a great range of subjects, and while the purpose 
is to draw out local experience, the scientific lecturer 
may be able to point out from experiences in other 
communities practical ideas applicable to conditions 
obtaining in the district where the Institute is held. 
In the State of Pennsylvania there is a corps of 95 
Institute lecturers. Their reports show 200 Insti- 
tutes during the year, and an attendance of 150,000 
people. 

The Institute or other voluntary organization for 
the promotion of agricultural science in any com- 
munity marks the intelligence of the inhabitants of 
that locality, and in the most progressive sections 
they flourish in great number and variety. In 
Massachusetts great encouragement has been given by 
the State Board of Agriculture. At the present time 
there are thirty-four agricultural societies, sixteen 
horticultural societies, forty-seven farmers' and me- 
chanics' associations, fifteen Pomona granges, one 
hundred and fifty-nine subordinate granges, and 
eighteen organizations of a miscellaneous nature, all 
of which are connected with the State Board. The 
secretary of the Board believes this communion of in- 
terests and unity of purpose is in a very great meas- 
ure responsible for the general prosperity of its agri- 
cultural population. Such a comprehensive method 
cannot but leave its impress on an agricultural com- 
munity, developing both a better social condition and 
a consequent high standard of living. The field of 
association is constantly widening in its usefulness, 
and their need is becoming more fully demonstrated 
throughout the country. George E. Chadsey. 

District of Columbia. 



Bermuda Grass from Seed. 

If seed is used, the land should be thoroughly pre- 
pared as for other grass seed, having the surface thor- 
oughly pulverized. Draw a smoothing harrow over 
the surface, leaving the whole surface corrugated 
with small furrows. Sow the seed, after danger of 
late spring frost is over, at the rate of five pounds of 
seed to the acre and brush in very lightly, or better, 
press in with a heavy roller. J. S. Newman. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



333 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COSP'Y. 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Mouth. 



J. F. JACKSON, 

Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHEUD, 

Business Manager. 

TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. 
Rate card furnished on application. 

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to 
subscribers in the United States and Canada 
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and 
the city of Richmond, 75c. 

REMITTANCES should be made direct to 
this office, either by Registered Letter or 
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When 
made otherwise we cannot be responsible. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any 
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
-cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE 
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains, 
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known, 
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions sent us must not be 
furnished other papers until after they have 
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter 
will be returned on receipt of postage. 

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post- 
Offlce to which your paper is sent. Your 
name cannot be found on our books unless 
this is done. 

SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their paper 
promptly and regularly, will confer a favor 
by reporting the fact at once. 

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to 
what time your subscription is paid. 

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en- 
quiries will receive attention. 

Address— THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 
RICHMOND, VA. 

DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S 

COLUMN. 

Artichokes 311 

Applying Ashes 311 

Nitrate of Soda— Effect of Use of 

Fertilizers on Land 311 

Crop Rotation 311 

Top Dressing Oats — Cow Peas for 
Hay — Top Dressing for Clover — 

Fertilizer for Corn 311 

To Prevent Injury to Tomato 

Plants by Cut Worms 312 

Cow Peas for Improving Land. . . . 312 

Whitewash 312 

Seeds for Pasture and Meadow — 
Fertilizer for Corn Land and 

Wheat 312 

Protecting Chickens from Hawks.. 313 

Soy Beans o±6 

Teosinte 313 

Curb on Horses 313 

Removing Stumps with Dynamite 
— Horse Apples — Remedy for 
Scab on Irish Potatoes — Ob- 
structed Teat of Cow 314 

Obstructed Teats 314 

Injury to Wheat Crop 314 

To Prevent the Growth of Horns — 

Buckwheat for Bee Feed 315 

Moles 315 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



TO ADVERTISERS. 



All advertisements and matter 
pertaining to advertising must 
reach ns by the 25th of each 
month. Please bear this in mind. 



SPECIAL OFFER. 

For 25 cents we will send the 
Southern Planter for the re- 
mainder of this year (May to De- 
cember inclusive) to any one who 
is not now a subscriber. We make 
this liberal offer in order to induce 
a large number of farmers to send 
us at least a trial subscription. 
We will greatly appreciate it if our 
subscribers will bring this notice 
to the attention of their friends. 
They will thereby do us a favor 
and indirectly help themselves. 
Remember, this offer is for new 
subscribers only. We have an- 
other offer, which we make to those 
already on our list. Remittances 
can be sent in the most convenient 
form, coin, stamps or money or- 
der. 



This month the Southern 
Planter appears in entirely new 
dress from cover to cover. We ex- 
perimented last month with the 
type machines, and were so well 
pleased with the appearance of the 
journal that in future all composi- 
tion will be machine set. We will, 
therefore, give our readers a brand 
new type in every issue. How do 
you like it ? 

WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 

The Chicago Stump Machine Manu- 
facturing Company resumes its adver- 
tising in this issue. 

The Occoneechee Farm, Durham, N. 
C, desires to exchange a shorthorn 
bull to prevent in-breeding. 

Breeders of live stock should look up 
the advertisement of "Stock" elsewhere 
in this issue. 

W. B. Fleming, proprietor of the 
Bridle Creek Stock Farm, is adver- 
tising some choice Berkshires in this 
issue. Mr. Fleming is a new adver- 
tiser, and we bespeak the patronage of 
our readers for him. 

The Gans-Rady Company, the well- 
known Richmond clothiers, have an ad- 



WOOD'S SEEDS. 

Plant Wood's 
Prize Head 
Late Flat 
Dutch Cabbage 

FOR LATE FALL AND WINTER CROP, 

Oar customers pronounce it, 

44 The finest Cabbage for winter 
I have ever grown." 

" The best late Cabbage I have 
ever planted/* 

44 Makes the largest and most 
solid heads of any late Cabbage 
grown in this section." 

Price of seed, pkt. 5c; oz. 20c; 1=4 lb. 50c; 
lb. $1 SO, postage paid. See page 17 of Wood's 
Seed Book for 1903, for further information about 
Late Cabbage Seed. Wood's Seed Hook mailed 
Free on request. 

T. W. WOOD & SONS, 

SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



a SUIT direct 
from the MILL? 

If you have, all right, you will buy again. 
If you haven't you will be surprised to 
see how much you have been paying for 
dealers' profits. We send you FUEH 
samples of Spring and Summer Suitings 
with tape measure and self-measurement 
blan k. Then send us your measurements 



hiuiiK. inen sena us yourmeasu 
and we will make you a suit for 



'.50 or 



$10 



.00 



that would cost you |18 to $25 at your 
tailor's. All our suits are all wool, made 
complete in our own mill from the raw 
wool up. Every suit bears our label and 
is guaranteed for one year. Every suit 
has hand shrunk collars, hand 
made button holes, padded 
shoulders. We sell either tailor-made 
or ready-made clothing. Men's all wool 
and worsted trousers $2., $2.50 and $3. 
Handsomely made and trimmed. We 
have the cheapest, strongest and best all- 
wool boys' clothing. Also cloth byyard 
or piece and ladies' suitings and BklXtlngS. 
Write to-day for samples, <tc. 

GLEN ROCK WOOLEN MILLS. 
Somerville, N. J. 



CRONK'S 

Improved 
Staple Puller 

fS AT THK FRONT. Ask your dealer to show 
It. Three wire cu'Uurs, two hammers, two splicing 
cl imps— all in one to ,1 A Staple Puller th.twil' 
puil s^ip.e-i when noothar uiaue will. A cutter that 
will reach wire when the button cutter will not. One 
day's use will save the cost of it. $1.01), postage paid 
CKONIi & CAKK1EK MFG. CO., JSlmira.X. X. 




334 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



vertisement on another page, to which 
we invite the attention of our readers. 

The Armour Fertilizer Works are ad- 
vertising blood meal in another col- 
umn. This packing-house product is 
receiving the attention of farmers and 
feeders everywhere at present. 

E. F. Schlichter starts the season's 
advertising with this number. The 
Philadelphia Silo is his specialty. 

The Defender Spray Pump is offered 
our readers by J. F. Gaylord, Catskill, 
N. Y. 

The West Disinfecting Company is 
advertising Chloro-Naptholeum in this 
issue. Look up the advertisement and 
write to the company for pamphlets, 
prices, etc. 

A new advertiser in this number is 
J. H. Boelte. He offers some choice 
Shorthorns. 

The Leaksville Woolen Mills are 
with us again this season. Farmers 
can ship their wool direct to these 
mills, and have it made into any gar- 
ment desired. 

John P. Mays, a prominent Leghorn 
breeder, has an advertisement in an- 
other column. 

Well-drilling outfits can be purchased 
from the Loomis Machine Company, 
Tiffin, Ohio. We invite the attention 
of our readers to a card of this com- 
pany in another column. 

Some finely-bred Aberdeen-Angus 
bulls are offered by Rear-Admiral B. F. 
Day. 

Miniborya Farm offers some choice 
Berkshires, both sexes, this month. 

We invite attention to the advertise- 
ment of the Messinger Manufacturing 
Company, Tatamy, Pa. 

The Majestic Rotary Washer is of- 
fered by the Richmond Cedar Works. 
This is a splendid machine, with hoops 
electrically welded and sunken in the 
groove — a patent owned exclusively by 
them. 

Hereford bulls and heifers are offer- 
ed by the Stonehurst Fruit and Stock 
Farm. 

Farms, orchards, and homes are for 
sale by J. W. Apperson & Brother. 

Note the offering of Duntreath Farm 
this month. 



HOW'S THIS? 



We offer One Hundred Dollars' Re- 
ward for any case of Catarrh that can- 
not be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. 
F. J. Cheney, & Co., Props., 
Toledo, O. 
We, the undersigned, have known F. 
J. Cheney for the last fifteen years, and 
believe him perfectly honorable in all 
business transactions and financially 
able to carry out any obligations made 
by their firm. West & Tbaux, 

Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, O. 
Walding, Kinnan & Mabvin, 
Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, 0. 
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken inter- 
nally, acting directly upon the blood 
and mucous surfaces of the system. 
Price, 75c. per bottle. Sold by all drug- 
gists. Testimonials free. 

Hall's Family Pills are the best. 



&he Practical Man 



appreciates the saving in wear and tear, in friction, draft 
and labor gained by the simplicity of 

Piano Mowers 

He knows the value of abolishing needless mechanism 
and applying power direct. 

Piano's simple, automatic Clutch Shift, strong internal 
Drive Gear, easy-acting Vertical Lift Device and self- 
adjusting Draft Rod are the kind of Mower improvements 
that appeal to him. They are the outgrowth of experience 
and scientific ingenuity. 

Our catalogue explains them and tells about some 
other interesting products of the Piano shops — Grain 
Binders, Headers, Reapers, Mowers, Rakes, Corn Binders, 
and Huskers and Shredders. The "Piano" is the Husker 
famed for its safe, swift and satisfactory work. Catalogue 
free. 

PLANO DIVISION 

International Harvester Co. of America 

CHICAGO. ILL. 




SEND US YOUR WOOL 
WE PAY THE FREIGHT. 
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 



We make from your 
Own Wool on Shares 
Or for Cash 
White or Gray 
Large or Small 
Blankets, Coverlets 
Dress Goods, Skirts 
Underskirts, Flannels 
Cassimeres, Cheviots 
Jeans 
Art Squares, 
Carpets 
Stair Carpets 
Smyrna Rugs 
Buggy Robes, 
Lounge Covers 

LEAKSVILLE WOOLEN MILLS, Yams, Etc. 

Leaksville, N. C. Write Us. 



ORDER AND SEE THAT YOU GET 

Pasteur Black Leg Vaccine 

If not obtainable from dealers, refuse substitutes and wire your 
order to us. Over 20,000,000 calves successfully vaccinated with 
the original Vaccine during the last eighteen years. Powder form 
and Cord form both for Single and Double treatment. 

PASTEUR VACCINE COMPANY, Ld., 

CHICAGO - NEW YORK, - FT. WORTH - SAN FRANCISCO. 



1003.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK. 



335 




40 

I SPLIT 
HICKORY 



WINNER TOP BUGGY 



Made of selected second growth split hickory 
throughout. Handsome and durable. This is 
a thoroughly high-grade vehicle at a low 
price and has heel braces on shafts, panel 
carpets, leather quarter top, solid panel spring 
back, open bottom spring cushion, boot on back 
of body, hisrh leather dash, storm apron, side 
curtains, oil and lead paint (choice of colors), 
open hearth oil-tempered springs, Norway iron 
clips, bolts and forcings and a hundred other 
points of merit. Guaranteed for two years. 
SENT ON 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL. 
Hitch up to It and use It before you decide. 
It will pay anyone to borrow the money and pay 
interest on It to take advantage of the great saving 
contained In this buggy bargain. It la an Investment 
for years. Secure our laree catalogue, sent free If 
you write, describing this and numerous other 
vehicles and harness at bargain prices. We lead 
the world in quality, style and price. Address 
OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.,Station 41. Cincinnati.O. 



miGET A GOOD 

VTWIWD: MILL 



Don't buy a poor wind mill. Don i 
pay a double price. Send direct to 
our factory for catalogue of the 

Freeman 
Steel Wind Mills 

and four post ancle steel towers. A 
complete line of pumping and power 
mills of the highest grade at extreme- 
ly low prices. We can save you 
money on a good article. 
S. Freeman ©. Sons Mfg. Co.. 

110 Hamilton St., Racine. Wis. 

A complete line of Feed and Ensilage Cutters 

Corn Shellers, Wood Saws, etc., at low prices 



Corn Planting 

must be well and carefully done, as the fu- 
ture crop depends upon it. For all purposes, 
in any soil, on all kinds of 
ground nothing equals the 

SPANGLER 
CORN PLANTER. 

It saves time, labor, money and Insures the crop, w You 
know when it is working ; you can see the corn on its 
way to the ground. Made with or without fertiliser 
attachment. New device for sowing peas, beuns, ensi- 
lage, corn, pre. U e also make the fauanusSpangler Low- 
Down Grain &nd Fertilizer Drill. Wr,ui for catalog and ore. 

SPANGLER MANUFACTURING CO., 50IQ een St., York, Pa. 




WROUGHT IRON PIPE 

Good condition, used short time only; new threads 
and couplings; for Steam, Gas or Water; sizes from y, 
to 12 inch diameter. Our price per foot on Jfinchis 
8c; on 1 inch3Hc. Write for free catalogue No. J 

CKICAC0 HOUSE WRECKING CO., 

W. 33th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO. „ — ». 



NO HUMBUG. 

Swine V, Stoefc Marker and Calf D«boroer. Stops iwioc I ft VI 
from rooting. Makes 48 different ear marks. Extracts ,9 /■ 
Horns. Price $1-5*1. Send II for trial. If it suits, send bal- 
ance. Pat'd Ma; 6. 1902. Hog and Calf Holder only 75c. 

FARMER BRIGHTON, FAIRFIELD, IOWA. 

Mention the Southern Planter in 
writing. 




A GOOD SUGGESTION. 

Editor The Southern Planter, Rich- 
mond, Va. : 

Dear Sir, — I am a subscriber to your 
paper, which is a source of much valu- 
able information for the up-to-date and 
progressive farmer. 

Now, a word to my brother farmers: 
Let each and every reader of the South- 
ern Planter try to persuade at least 
one neighbor to subscribe to the paper. 
In this way, we can double its present 
circulation, and thus enable the editor 
to make it even more interesting than 
now. We farmers are scattered over 
the country in such a way that we can 
speak almost every day of the South- 
ern Planter to some neighbor or friend 
who is not familiar with it. This the 
editor cannot do, as there is only one 
of him, but there are many of us. 
Let's get a hustle on us and make it 
the greatest farm paper in the world. 
A. H. D. King. 
Caswell County, N. C. 
We certainly very greatly appreciate 
the above letter from our correspond- 
ent. He states our position exactly. 
We want every farmer in the South to 
become a reader of the Southern 
Planter. We know we can help them 
in their farming operations. Look up 
the special offer we make in this issue 
to new subscribers. We appreciate the 
support of every one of our friends, 
and we endeavor to make our journal 
a credit to our section, as well as to 
ourselves as publishers. — S. P. Pub. 
Co. 



PURIFIED MILK. 

"Purified Milk" is the title of a little 
pamphlet from the Virginia Cattle 
Food Company, Danville, Va. This 
company manufactures Mrs. Lea's Milk 
and Butter Purifier, which is adver- 
tised in another column. 

The pamphlet referred to contains 
splendid testimonials from prominent 
physicians and dairymen, who have 
used this preparation in their herds. 



The McCormick Division of the In- 
ternational Harvester Company sends 
us some unique advertising novelties 
in the shape of barometers. This ba- 
rometer consists of a little girl wearing 
a dress, which changes color according 
to the weather. They also send us 
some useful memorandum books. 



THE HILL-TOP STOCK FARM. 

We invite the attention of our read- 
ers to the advertisement of the Hill- 
Top Stock Farm, Staunton, Va., of 
which Colonel S. Brown Allen is now 
the proprietor. This farm is well 
known to numbers of our readers who 
have purchased stock there for the 
past number of years. 

Berkshire hogs and Southdown sheep 
are the offering this month. Look up 
the advertisement elsewhere. 



Hollybrook Farm offers eggs from 
its splendid strains of pure-breds. 



Wise Man's 
Wagon. 

The man who has had experience 
in running a wagon knows that it 
is the wheels that determine the 
life of the wagon itself. Our 

ELECTRIC w 8 S 

hare given a new lease of lire to thousands of old 
wagons. They can be had In any desired height.and 
any width of tire up to 8 inches. With a set of these 
wheels you can in a few minutes have either a high 
or a low down wagon. The Electric Ilnmly 
Wagon la made by skilled workmen, of best select- 
ed material — white hickory axles, steel wheels, steel 
hounds, etc. Guaranteed to carry 4000 lbs. Here is 
the wagon that will save money for you, as it 
lasts almost forever. Ourcatalog describing the uses 
of these wheels and wagons sent free Write for it. 

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 146 QUINCY.ILLINOIS. 






WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and send 4 Huggy Wheels, Ste«l Tire on. . $7.2£ 
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mlg. wheels % 10 I u, 
tread. Top Baggies. $28.75; Harness, $3.60. Write f<>. 
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and pans direct 
Wagon Umbrella FREE. W. T. BOOB, Cincinnati. O 



The WEBER HH. P. 
Gasoline Engi 

for i-unning 
grinders, shred- 
ders, cutters. 
threshers, etc. 
Free catalogue 
gives all sizes. 
Weber Gas & 
Gasoline Engine 
Co., Box i2t» 
Kansas City, ffo. 




FLOWING WATER. 

A constant stream in your house, barn or 
garden without running expense by using the 




RIFE 



Hydraulic Engine. 

•IMs It never stops. Requires no at- 
tention. Sold on 30 Days Trial. Send for free book. 

PIFE ENGINE CO.. 126 Liberly St.. New York. 




Defender 
Sprayer 

All brass, easiest work- 
ing, most powerful, auto- 
matic mixer, expansion 
valves, double strainer. 
Catalogue of Pumps and 
Treatise on Spraying free. 
Agents Wanted; 
J. F. Gaylord, Box 82 Catakill, N. T. 



STEEL KING CULTIVATOR 

with 5 reversible points 
and hillers. The best tool 
of its kind in the market. 
Get our catalogue of Sep- 
arators and Powers for 2 

and 3 horses, level or even^T^Jff^ rree cat- 
alogue 
on appli- 
cation. I 



tread. Sweep Powers, Corn Shellers, Feed'Mills, 
Steel and Plank Rollers, Mowers, Rakes, Corn 
Planters, Saws, Engines, 3 to 25 H. P. mounted 
and stationary. The Messinger Mfg. Co.. Tatamy.Pa. 




336 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



YOUR GREAT GRANDFATHER ^1 




When the wood-frame binder came into use 

"DEERINC" 

meant the best your grandfather could get 



VOLRiFATHER 
USED 




MARK YOUR STOCK. 

USE THE 

KENTUCKY ALUMINUM EAR LABEL 

Made by F. H. Jackson & Co., Winchester, Ky. 
Write to them for free samples. 



SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES. 

The Split Hickory line of vehicles 
is sold only direct to the user at the 
wholesale price, not being on sale at 
any store, nor it is handled by any 
jobber or dealer. 

The Ohio Carriage Manufacturing 
Company, Station 41, Cincinnati, Ohio, 
sole makers of Split Hickory vehicles, 
is a highly reputable firm, with a re- 
cord of years of honesty and success as 
makers and sellers of high-class vehi- 
cles at moderate prices. Their offer to 
sell heir jobs on thirty days' free trial 
is bona fide and liberal. It enables the 
intending purchaser to see and try 
just what he intends to buy. A postal 
card or letter addressed to them at 
Cincinnati will secure their valuable 
new catalogue, containing all the latest 
things on four wheels for people who 
like stylish, long-wearing, and well- 
built buggies and vehicles. Send for 
it before you forget it. 



The Fanciers' Supply Company, 
whose advertisement appears else 
where in this issue, is unique in that 
it is the only exclusive poultry supply 
house in the South. Their line em- 
braces everything in foods, remedies, 
appliances, incubators, and brooders. 

The business is under the manage- 
ment of Mr. Frank Jenkins, well 
known throughout the South as a judge 
and a fancier of life-long experience. 
The company issues a handsome cata- 
logue, which is sent free for the asking, 
and should be in the hands of every 
poultryman. 



WILD TURKEYS WANTED. 

Dr. Cecil French is advertising in 
another column for all sorts of wild 
game, and especially wild turkeys. 

Our readers should be on the lookout 
for wild turkey eggs, and also any 
flocks of these birds, which they may 
run across. Dr. French will pay $5.00 
apiece for them next fall. 



BEST 



LINAMENT FOR ENLARGE- 
MENTS OF ANY KIND. 

Carrie, Va., Jan. 22, 1903. 
The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 

0.: 

I was induced one year ago by my 
family physician to try Gombault's 
Caustic Balsam. A fine mule that had 
an enlarged hock that all other lina- 
ments failed to help at all; after using 
two or three applications of Caustic 
Balsam, added $75.00 to its value. Af- 
terwards used it for another one with 
bone spavin that was so lame he would 
give out in one day's drive. Gave one 
month's rest, and the mule is well. So 
I am proud to say Gombault's Caustic 
Balsam is far the best linament I have 
found for enlargements of any kind. — 
J. C. Dixon. 



"The difference between water and 
air is that air can be made wetter, but 
water cannot." — New Orleans Pica- 
yune. 




Announcement 

We have obtained the Court's decree against two 
additional manufacturers who liave been infring- 
ing our patent. The rule of law is : "The maker, 
seller or user of an infringing device are all liable 
in damages to the owner of the patent infringed." 
The Janesvllle Machine Co. and the Keystone 
Farm Machine Co. are the only Arms licensed to 
use a, flat tooth covered by our patent, and we 
finally warn sellers and usersof all other makes. So 
admirably havethe60,00O"Hallock" Weedersdone 
the work for which they were designed^that one 
maker after another sought to copy it. However, 
by the various Courts' decisions, these makers are 
compelled to abandon the manufacture of a 
Weeder having flat teeth, and they are now ex- 
perimenting with other shapes: but it is the flat 
tooth that made the "Halloek" Weeder famous, 
and in view of the manner in which our patent has 
been sustained, it is dangerous to use an infringing 
tooth. W rite tor descriptive circulars and prices. 

HALLOCK WEEDER & CULTIVATOR CO., 
Box 839 York, Pa. 



THE IMPROVED 



Write for Prices. 




Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y„ U. S. A. 



STU^P PULLER 




Most Powerful, Handiest 
and Strongest Built in 
the World. 
We make 4 kinds In sizes 
to suit all needs and of any 
desired strength. Saves time 
and does the work right. The 
operation of pulling 
stumps and trees by our 
methods is simple and 
easy. Send for Frc* 
Catalogue. 
CHICAGO 8TU31P MACHINE DIPS. CO. 

226 La Salle Street. Chicago, III, t 



HERCULES STUMP PULLER 




Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day. 
Clears all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without 
moving or changing machine, Strongest, most 
rapid working and best made. 
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St., Centreville, Iowa. 



\A/C DAY COR A WCPtf And expenses to men 
II L TMI <JZ0 H VlLLn. w ith rigs to introduce 
Poultry Compound. 

INTERNATIONAL M'F'G.CO., Parsons, Kan. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHEKJST PLANTEK. 



337 




em. 



A Golden Rule 
of Agriculture: 



Be good to your land and your crop 
will be good. Plenty of 

Potash 




SAN JOSE SCALE an - ot 'e rl -n s 

on il JUU5. UUHLL troaed by Ubing 

GOOD'S CAUSTIC POTASH 
WHALE OIL SOAP. No. 3. 

It also prevents Curl Leaf. Endorsed by en- 
tomologists. This soap is a fertilizer as well as 
insecticide 50 lb. kegs, $2.50; 100 lb. kegs. $4 50. 
Half barrels, 270 lbs., at V/ 2 c per lb.; barrels, 
425 lbs., at 3J4c. Large quantities, special rates 
Send for circular. 

JAMES GOOD, 
939—11 N. Front St., Philadelphia, pa. 




Agricultural 
and Builders' 



Send for Circulars and Price -List. 

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS 

REEVES CATT, Agent 
Bodley, Augusta County, Va. 

STEEL ROOFING 

Strictly new, perfect, Semi-Hardened 
Su-el Sheets, 2 feet wide, 6 tcet loner. The 
best Roofings Sid Ins: or Ceiling yon can nsc 
JJoexueiienoe necessary to lay it. An 
ordinary hammer or hatchet the only 
tools vou need. We furnish nails free 
and paint roofing two sides. Comes 
either flat, corrugated or "V" crimped. 

$2.00 PER SQUARE. 

A square means 100 square feet. Write 

for free Catalogue" la^ on Farm supplies of crery kind. 
CHICAGO UOt SE WliECKiNU CO.,-.*. 35 tli & I run Ms., Chicago 




FRAZER 

Ax^e Grease 

Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 
tually out'astiug 3 bxs. anv other brand, 
Not affected by heat. «S*Get the Genuine. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALEKS. 



¥m 



Best In 
the world. 



TEACH THE COMMANDMENTS. 

The Ten Commandments, if I may 
be allowed the expression, are that 
quantity of eternal righteousness of 
which human nature is capable, writc-s 
Rev. Dr. H. Martyn Hart, dean of St. 
Johns' Cathedral, Denver, Col. There 
was one man who kept them intact, 
one perfect man, and only one. But, 
inasmuch as Jesus of Nazaretn did 
keep them, it is proof that they can he 
kept by human nature. That thes& 
Ten Commandments were spoken by 
God and were not the emanation of the 
mind of Moses is plain enough. We 
have some intimation of the caliber ot 
the ancient Egyptian mind and of their 
notions of morality. The outcome of 
the Ten Commandments from that 
source is impossible. The Jews were, 
and had been for two centuries, labor- 
ers, ground down in slavery. Moses 
could not have gained such a notion ot 
righteousness from that source. Then, 
how did this man, without assistance 
from his environment, suddenly pro- 
duce a code of laws which the highest 
intellectual capability of our race has 
never approached, much less equaled? 

The Ten Commandments are the only 
invariable moral standard the world 
has ever possessed, and those men 
whose characters have most closely 
reached that standard have been the 
best men, the men who have been most 
honored, who have had the best in- 
fluence on their generation, and whose 
memories the world has treasured. 
What ordinary man can even mention 
ten men who lived in the different, cen- 
turies after Christ other than +hose 
the world has called "saints"? And 
the saints are the men who ruled their 
lives by the Ten Commandments. "Wis- 
dom," said the wisest man who ever 
lived — 'wisdom is the principal thing,'' 
and everybody knows that the ancient 
writer wrote truth when he said: "The 
fear of the Lord is the beginning of 
Wisdom." When that man whom God 
raised up to try to the fullest every 
scheme human nature has proposed for 
the securing of happiness reached the 
end of his career, having travelled 
every road to its farthest end, and 
declared of each one: "It is vanity; 
all, all is vanity," Solomon bequeathed 
to his race the result of his vast ex- 
perience. Let us hear the conclusion 
of the whole matter. He wrote: "Fear 
God and keep His commandments, for 
this is the whole duty of man." 

The Ten Commandments are the oniy 
rules we possess for the eductiaon of 
the heart — the man. 

And inasmuch as it is the heart 
which goverr.s the man, and not the 
head, the Ten Commandments are the 
most important implements of educa- 
tion we possess. 

The Ten Commandments are the 
rules of morality. There is not a 
breath of ecclesiasticism or sectarian- 
ism in the Ten Commandments. Let 
the Ten Commandments be incorpo- 
rated in the regular school curriculum. 
They carry with them a subtle feeling 




Impartial Time bestows none in 
passing on vehicles. Each is 
judged by its fitness and the ser- 
vice rendered. It is through more 
than half a century's duty that 

Studebaker 

Vehicles arvd Harness 

have acquired the good opinion of all 
users. The verdict is that they are staid, 
staunch, dependable goods, that give full 
value everywhere and always. There's 
variety and fitness for all service, good 
taste, style, and above all. Honesty in 
Ma.ke a.nd Materia.!. You are entitled 
to these things for your money. The place 
where you are sure of getting them is the 
Studebaker local dealer. Catalogue and 
particulars sent direct on request. 

Studebaker Bros. Mfg. Co., 

SOVTH BEND. IND. 




WELL DRILLING 



MACHINES 



The most successful money-making ma- 
chines ever made. Also machines for boring 
wells with augers by horse power. Write 
us if you mean business. 
Loomis Machine Co., Tiffin, Ohio. 



First check for §20.00 will get a 

Sharpies Safety Hand Separator, 

350 1b capacity. Does good work. 

W. B. GATES, 
Rice Depot, Va. 



>> 



"Feeds * nd Feeding 

Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
Farmers and Stockmen. 

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.25 



338 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



MANLOVE.&GATE 



Catdioquf free 
/ J MANLOVEdATECO;. 
272 HURON ST. CHICAGO, IU. 



Ornamental, eco- 
nomical, practi- 
cal, high grade 
saver. Used by 
good, practical 
farmersevery- 
where. Satisfac- 
tion guaranteed. 



YOU OUGHT TO KNOW BETTER 

About the B. B. Stays. They make a 
cheap, strong fence with barb or coil 
wire. Easily handled as nails, self-lock- 
ing, can't slip, and no machine neces- 
sary. They are made of heavy, hard 
Wire, and won't slip down. Try 
a basketful to stiffen the old fencing 
(barb or woven wire), and you will use 
nothing else to build new fence. We sell 
coil wire, too. 

THE B. B. PENCE CO., 
14th and Clark Sts., Racine, Wis. 



llii 






-*— — ■ •*■— — ? 











wire: fence. 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, 
coiled spring wire, Sure Grip lock. In 
strength, appearance and durability, the 
Hard Steel cannot be excelled. Write for 
catalogue and prices. 

THE HARD STEEL, WIRE FENCE CO., 
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 





Page Gate Frames 

are solid round iron, welded by electricity. Gates 
have to 6tand more banging than fence. Ours are 
powerfully braced. Mesh entirely woven by hand. 
PAGE tYOVKN WIRE FENCE CO., A DBI AN, MICH. 

Genuine Spiral Spring Wire 

FENCES AND GATES 

If your dealer does not have our 
goods in stock you can buy direct 
at Manufacturers' Price, Write 
for Catalogue and secure agency. 

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO- 
Columbus, Ohio. 

Barbed & Smooth Wire 

Write for our prices on 2 and 4 point Barbed 
Wire, painted and galvanized; also, 65,000 pounds 

Smooth Galvanized Wire Shorts 

Gauges, 10, 11. 12. 13 and 14; Prices from $1.50 
to $1.75 per hundred. Write for Catalogue No. 16t> 

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 

West 35th and Iron Sts., CHICAGO. 



WUWN FENCE 






Many designs. Cheap i_ 
wood. 32 page Catalogue 
free. Special Prleea to Cemfr 
terleaandChnrehM* Addreai 
COILED SPRING FENCE CO. 
Box Q,. Winchester, Ind 




FENCE! 



srnoMGESt 

MADE. Ball 

•trong. Chicken 
tight. Sold to the Farmer at nbolsnlf 
Print, Folly Win-anted. Catalog Free 

COILIO SPRING FKNCB CO., 
Be* IS Wlaekwtw, ladlau, D. 8. a 



of awe — "God spake these words" — and 
the fear that the Great King will hold 
us responsible for breaking them is a 
continual incentive to our careful keep- 
ing of them. 

Mr. MacDonald, the specialist in the 
United States Bureau of Education, in 
his statement just presented to Con- 
gress, says, without question, that 
crime is steadily on the increase. This 
may be seen from these figures, pub- 
lished ten years ago (the data of the 
last census have not yet been issued, 
so that 1890 is as far as we can go) : 

In 1850 there was one criminal to 
every 3,442 of the population. 

In 1860 there was one criminal to 
every 1,647 of the population. 

In 1870 there was one criminal to 
every 1,021 of the population. 

In 1880 there was one criminal to 
every 837 of the population. 

In 1890 there was one criminal to 
every 715 of the poulation. 

There were 8,834 murders in the 
United States last year; the year be- 
fore the number was 7,852 — an increase 
of 1,000. One death in every 112 is 
murder! There were 986 more sui- 
cides last year than the year before — 
8,231 is the fearful record of godless 
unrestraint. One death in 65 is either 
a murder or a suicide in the United 
States. 

In the face of this alarming condi- 
tion of the mortality of the nation, it 
must be confessed that the public edu- 
cation is a failure. It fails to do than 
very thing for which education is un- 
dertaken; it fails to train our youth 
to the yoke of discipline and obedi- 
ence; it fails to create in them a prin- 
ciple of energy which enables them to 
resist temptation; it fails to induce 
them, of their own free will, to accept 
the law of labor and duty; it fails to 
make them patriotic citizens and God- 
fearing men and women. 

I have little respect for the man who 
is only a destructive critic. Do not 
pull down even the hovel which shel- 
ters you, unless you have prepared a 
better house for your refuge. I there- 
fore would venture to suggest a rem- 
edy to arrest this increasing torrent of 
anarchy and revolution. 

I would stop the public education at 
about the sixth or seventh grade, i 
would take the money now expended 
on high schools and universities and 
spend it on lower education. The char- 
acter is formed practically between the 
ages of seven and fourteen years. 

I would supply a teacher to every 
twelve children. I would make those 
children, by almost individual atten- 
tion, master, and thoroughly master, 
the groundwork of education. They 
should read aloud history, geography, 
etc., and plenty of it; they should write 
composition, commit to memory the 
best of literature. 

I would publish a book of extracts 
from the Bible, which is the highest 
literature we possess. I would have 
the Ten Commandments often repeat- 
ed and thoroughly taught, and some 



FARMS FOR SALE! 

Farm No. 2. 
Contains 265 acres; 215 under culti- 
vation; 50 acres original oak and 
hickory. Fronts on the pike running 
from Winchester to Alexandria; five 
miles from railroad; one-half mile 
from proposed electric railroad. Excel- 
lent six-room dwelling house, with 
broad halls, standing in a large, nicely- 
shaded blue-grass lawn; all necessary 
outbuildings; land chocolate clay, with 
stiff clay subsoil; all level, but rolling 
enough to drain well; fine for wheat 
and grass; well watered. Owner con- 
templates making improvements. But 
if sold before, price $25 per acre, on 
easy terms. 

No. 3. 
Contains 430 acres; 350 acres under 
cultivation; 80 acres in good original 
oak and hickory timber. Situated in 
Loudoun county, four miles from rail- 
road station; one mile from proposed 
electric railroad. Soil in fine state of 
cultivation; adapted to grain and grass. 
Land level and watered by streams, 
and a beautiful, bold spring in the yard. 
Good dwelling and outbuildings; two 
new stock barns. Greater part of farm 
in grass. Price now, $20 per acre. 

No. 4. 
Contains 100 acres, all under cultiva- 
tion, and in good condition. Good 
frame dwelling and all necessary out- 
buildings in good condition. Situated 
on the pike, with market wagons pass- 
ing every day, paying Washington city 
prices for produce. Splendidly situated 
for fruit, poultry, dairy and trucking. 
Price now, $2,000, on easy terms. 

No. 5. 

Contains 163 acres; one-half under 
cultivation; balance in second-growth 
timber. Good seven-room dwelling and 
necessary outbuildings; good orchard 
in fine fruit section. Farm lies near 
Southern railroad, twenty miles from 
Washington; well watered; a splendid 
dairy farm. Price, $2,000. 

The above-described farms are situ- 
ated in a neighborhood of refined citi- 
zens, with good labor plentiful, and 
will not be on the market long before 
being sold. For further information 
and a more detailed description of any 
one of them, write to 

W. E. MILLER, 
Herndon, Va. 



To HOMESEEKERS. 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA." 

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the 
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. We 
will gladly mail you a copy. 
W. B. BBVILL, PAUL SCHERER, Agt., 
G. P. A., Lands and Immigration, 
Roanoke, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



339 



UnMCQAND THE PLACE TO 



FIND THEM. 



No place in the United States can a 
man do so well at farming, for tfc e money 
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are 
cheap; climate good, and the best of 
markets close at hand. It is the State 
of all others, for a comfortable all the 
year round home. The James River 
Valley Colonization and Improvement 
Company offer superior advantages to 
land purchasers. For free 36 page land 
pamphlet, address 

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. 

WE HAVE A LARGE LIST OF 

FRUIT, POULTRY and TRUCK FARMS 

Ten, Fifty and One Hundred Acres each, with 

good buildings, close to steam and trolley 

Hues, easy access to the city. Also 

GRAIN AND STOCK FARMS 

From 100 to 1.000 acres at low prices all the 
way from $5 to $50 per acre. Write for 
Catalogue. 
THE VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY, Richmond, Va. 
J. R. HOCKADAY, Manager. 

IF YOU WISH TO SELL 

OH BTTTT — 

VIRGINIA LANDS 

Communicate with us. Write for free 
"Virginia Real Estate Journal," con- 
taining many splendid bargains. 
R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc , 

No. 1 N 10th St., Richmond. Va 

VIRGINIA FARMS, 

ORCHARDS and HOMES 

In the *est fruit and agricultural sections of 
the stare. Virginia folder, lists of property 
and information free 

J. W. APPERSON & BRO., 
Yancey Mills, Va. 

JAMES RIVER FA - M FOR SALE! 

220 acres— 120 in high state of cultivation, in 
Wheat, Grass and Corn ; will produce 30 bushels 
of Wheat per acre. Land adapted lo variety of 
trucking. " Dwelling house, Barns and other 
out-building;. One mile from regular steam- 
boat wharf. For further information write to 
"James River," 

Care of The Southern Planter. 



/PIEDMONT 



And all that 
it Implies." 

Good land, climate, markets, shipping fa- 
cilities, churches, schools, good health, mode- 
rate prices, easy terms. 

flACON & CO., - Orange, Va. 

VIRGINIA FARMS 

All prices and sizes. Free list on application. 
WM. B. PIZZINI CO.. Richmond. Va. 



Bo South. 



For full par- 
ticulars write 
A. JEFFERS, 
Norfolk, Va. 



I Can Sell Your Farm 

no matter where ft is. Send description, state price and 
learn how. Est. '96. Highest references. Offices in 14 cities. 

W. M. 0»tr«nder, I885N. A. Bids;., Philadelphia 



text-book provuied for the explanation 
of their principles. 

By this plan a boy or girl of fifteen 
or sixteen would leave the public care 
thoroughly and accurately instructed 
in the groundwork of education, and, 
which is of far more importance, with 
habits of careful observation, accurate 
expression, and economy of time well 
established, and— above all — with the 
law of labor, not play, stamped upon 
the character. 

Every civilization which has prac- 
ticed immorality has decayed and 
finally disappeared. And this great 
country is not beyond the reach of a 
universal law. This country is rapidly 
deteriorating in its moral fiber, and 
the material decline will inevitably 
follow; and, unless our citizens arise 
and grapple this demon of irresponsi- 
bility and immorality by reorganizing 
the public education, even this land of 
vast opportunity, rapidly becoming the 
land of license, will fall from her ma- 
jestic height into an unimaginable 
chaos of social disaster. 



PRIZES FOR AGRICULTURAL STU- 
DENTS, NORTH CAROLINA 
A. AND M. COLLEGE. 

The Vermont Farm Machine Com- 
pany, of Bellows Falls, Vt., offers a 
prize of their No. 7 U. S. Separator 
for the student preparing the best 
essay on "The Making of a Daily 
Farm." The value of this prize is 
$100. 

P. M. Sharpies, West Chester, offers 
a prize of one-half the list price of the 
separator to the student preparing the 
best essay on the subject, "The Middle 
South as a Dairy Section." The value 
of this prize is from $50 to $250. 

The Caraleigh Fertilizers and Phos- 
phate Company, Raleigh, offers a prize 
of a ton of high-grade fertilizer to the 
student preparing the best essay on 
"Soil Fertilization." The value of this 
prize is $35. 

' Mr. Grimes Cowper, Raleigh, offers 
a prize of a pure-bred registered Jersey 
bull to the student preparing the best 
essay on "The Conformation of the 
Dairy Sire and Cow." The value of 
this prize is $50. 

The McMillan Company, of New 
York, offers a prize of a set of books, 
"Rural Science," complete, to the stu- 
dent preparing the best essay on "The 
Farmer and His Library." The value 
of this prize is $25. 

Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 
offers a prize of a set of books on Agri- 
culture to the student preparing the 
best essay on the subject, "The Farmer 
Should be a Student Always." The 
value of this prize is $5. 

The Zenner Disinfectant Company, 
Detroit, Mich., offers a silver medal to 
the student making the best report on 
live stock exhibit at the State Fair. 
The value of this medal is $25. 

The North Carolina State Fair Asso- 
ciation offers a prize of $5 to the stu- 
dent preparing the best essay on the 
"Live-Stock Exhibit at the State Fair." 



ELMWOOD NURSERIES. 



ASPARAGUS 

100,000 2-yr. old Asparagus roots, 
5 varieties. A. special rate of $3.50 
perl0"0 for 2 mos. for BAKR'S, 
PALMETTO, CONOVER. 

APPLES 

A large general assortment, in- 
cluding WINESAPS and YORK 
IMPERIALS. 

Splendid Assortment 

of Ornamental, Shade 

and Fruit Trees. 



E 



from B. P. Rocks, Light 
Brahmas, Brown Leg- 
horns at §1.00 per 13. 



WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE. 



JBWnlKiNSSBRO.HollSBniO VO. 



Wood's Farm Seeds. 



Cow Peas 



and 



Soja Beans 

Two of the most important crops 
for farmers everywhere. Write for 
leaflets entitled " Soja Beans vs. 
Corn" and "Cow Peas— The 
Clover of The South," giving 
special information about these 
crops. We carry large stocks of all 
SEASONABLE FARn SEEDS, 
Seed Corn, nil let, Sorghums, 
Teosinte, Late Seed Pota- 
toes, Crimson Clover, 
Buckwheat, etc. 

Wood's Seed Book and Special Circu- 
lars giving prices and seasonable in- 
formation, mailed free. 

T.W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, 

RICHMOND,- VIRGINIA. 



VrRGINIA FARMS 

S3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS. 

EASY PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va. 

Established 1875. 



C1K1C CADMC ,u tDe great fruit grain and 
rlllL rAnlTlO stock section of VIRGINIA. 
Best climate and water in the U. S. Near great 
markets, with best educational advantages. 
For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va. 



340 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



SEED CORN 



Cottage Valley Stock and Seed Farm, 

W. M. WATKINS & SON, Props., 
Randolph P. 0., ■ Charlotte County, Va 

White Champion. 

The Earliest Corn on record. Ears 10 to 12 
Inches long, with J8 to 20 rows on a cob. Fine 
size grain. The finest Early Corn ever 
planted Planted June 10th, on ordinaay high 
land, cut, aud was in shock Sept. loth. We 
made from one gallon planted, 12 barrels of 
good corn; 

Price— 1 peck, 75c; )i bus. ,$1 50: 1 bus., $2.50. 

Pride of Cottage Valley. 

A large eared, deep grained Early White 
Corn with 16 to 24 rows on a cob and stalks 
13 to 15 feet high; usually two ears to the 
stalk and yielding an abundance of fodder. 
This Corn is very productive and makes the 
best table meal. 

Price— 1 peck, 45c: 34 bus., 85c; 1 bus., 1.25. 
Early Yellow Variety. 

Popularly known as Huron Dent. Most per- 
fect-shaped ear and most reliable Early Yel- 
low Corn ever introduced. Planted May 10th, 
cut, and in shock by the latter part of August. 
Price— 1 peck, 30c; Y 2 bus. 60c; 1 bus., $1.00. 
Sm.w White Dent. 

It has medium ears and grows very large, 
compact, close- set grains, well filled out, the 
cob being medium size, very white, and re- 
quiring grains to span it, and weighing about 
7% lbs. per 70 lbs. of ears. Another point, 
Snow White Dent matures a good yield 
during droughty years, growing along side of 
other corn that makes little or nothing. 
Taking all points into consideration. Snow 
White Dent is the coming white variety for 
milling and all other purposes. To-day there 
are more than thirty articles made from 
white corn, and Snow White Dent is the 
best one for all purposes. 

If you want the best white corn in America, 
you cannot make a mistake by planting Snow 
White Dent. The year 1P01 was the first time 
it was oifered for sale by any one, when it 
brought $5.00 per bus. and no more than one 
bushel was sold a single customer. We are 
now able to offer it in quantity, but in any 
event, solicit early orders, as there promises 
to be a larger demand for all variety of seed 
corn during the coming season than for many 
years past. We reserve the right, at all times 
to decline orders for more than one bushel. 
Price— 1 peck, 45c; ¥ 2 bus., 85c: 1 bus., $1.50. 



DIGGS& BEADLES 

RELIABLE 

SEEDS 

Selected SEED CORNS. SOJA and 
VELVET BEANS, COW PEAS, 
MILLET and SORGHUMS 
Write for prices. 

DIGGS & BEADLES, Seedesmen, 

1711 E. Franklin Street, 
RICHMOND, - VIRGINIA. 

Catalogue mailed FREE. 



S£GD CORN. 

IMPROVED GOLDEN DENT— For a large 
yielding, quick-growing yellow corn, this va- 
riety is, in my opinion, unequalled. 
$1.00 (one dollar) per bushel. 

J. F. DURRETTE, 
Blrdwood, Albemarle Co., Va. 



HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE. 
(Mary Washington.) 

Whilst the whole civilized world is 
throwing up its cap (as it were) and 
cheering for Marconi, there is no fact 
in history better authenticated than 
that the original inventer of wireless 
telegraphy was Dr. Mahlon Loomis, 
whom we may justly call a Virginian, 
for, though he was born in what is now 
callled West Virginia, it formed at 
that time (1826) a part of the "Old 
Dominion." Fairfax county claims Dr. 
Loomis as one of her citizens, on the 
strength of his having spent the great- 
er part of his life there, his parents 
having carried him to that county 
when he was only ten years old. It is 
not a matter of mere tradition, but of 
record, that in July, 1872, Dr. Loomis 
obtained a patent for his wonderful 
invention, but, as usual with men of 
genius, he had to encounter the sneers, 
incredulity, and ridicule of his contem- 
poraries, with a few honorable excep- 
tions. The following winter, he tried 
to get the recognition of government 
for his invention, and accordingly on 
the 16th of January, 1873, the United 
States Senate passed a bill incorpora- 
ting the Loomis Aerial Telegraph Com- 
pany, and the act was signed by Presi- 
dent Grant on the 21st of January. 

The whole transaction had been con- 
signed to oblivion until lately, when It 
was recalled to recollection by Sena- 
tor Hoar's introducing a resolution 
that Congress should extend a vote of 
thanks to Marconi for his invention of 
wireless telegraphy. On reading of 
this, Mr. E. W. Whitaker (who had 
been Loomis' attorney when his bill 
was passed, and who had assisted him 
in getting a patent) wrote to Senator 
Elkins, of West Virginia, calling his 
attention to the fact that wireless tele- 
graphy had been invented by a man 
from his State thirty years before, 
"but that a foreigner had taken and 
perfected the ideas and invention of 
Dr. Loomis, who had died poor, be- 
cause his countrymen had failed to rec- 
ognize his genius." I am not aware, 
however, if any proof exists that Mar- 
coni appropriated Loomis' idea, or even 
knew of it as such. It is more proba- 
bly one of those coincidences (so num- 
erous in the annals of the world) in 
which the same idea dawns almost 
simultaneously on persons living 
widely apart and having no communi- 
cation with each other. 

The records amply verify Mr. Whit- 
aker's assertions about Dr. Loomis' in- 
vention. It appears from the debates 
held on the subject that the bill was 
warmly championed by Senator An- 
thony, of Rhode Island, but most of 
the other senators were disposed to 
laugh at it, and treat it as a freak. 
Even Senator Thurman, although he 
gave the bill his support, showed some- 
thing of this spirit. "Now," said he, 
"I want to perfect this measure as well 
as I can. The promoter of it has dis- 
covered some new mode of telegraphy, 
which he assures me will enable him to 



STOCK AND IMPLEMENTS 
For Sale. 

Being unable to finish my Auction Sale on the 
20th ult., on account of darkness, I now offer 
'he following stock and implements at very low 
prices hs I must leave this farm. 

KING IDLER— A. seal brown, thoroughbred 
Stallion, by King Alfonso, a sure foal-getter and 
a beauty. 

3 YEAR OLD COLT by King Idler— as fine an 
ndividual as lives ; can jump a 4 foot rail fence 
now, with ease. 

2 MILCH COWS with calves by their sides; 4- 
Yearlings, 2 Heifers and 2 Bulls 

1 McCormick Reaper and Binder, used only one 
? eason and is as good as new. 

1 GEISER THRESHING MACHINE with 30 inch 
cylinder. 

One 2-hole Corn Sheller; 1 Nesbitt Grain Meas- 
urer. 

Remember; everything is in good condition 
and will be sold cheap. 

THOS SHOOSMITH, 
Neck of Land Farm, Jamestown, Va. 



WALTER'S 

Piano Exchange 

We buy, sell and exchange PIANOS, 
do a general musical merchandise 
business and take trade. 



PRICES THE LOWEST. 

TERMS THE BEST. 

F. W. WALTER & SON, 
Staunton, Va. 



"Crop Growing 
and Crop Feeding." 

By Prof. W. f. masse'y. 
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 50c. 



We offer this splendid work in connec- 
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER 
at the following prices: 

Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume, $1.25. 
Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 90c. 

Old or new subscriptions. 



FOR SALE. 

In Albemarle Co., Va., \% miles from Crozet 
depot, a VALUABLE FRUIT AND STOCK FARM. 
There are 3,200 fruit trees of the best varieties — 
winesaps, etc.; over one-third of these in bear- 
ing. New dwelling and outbuildings, well tim- 
bered and watered. A large part of the land in 
grass. 265 acres iu the tract. 
For particulars, apply to ARTHUR T. EWING, 
Wintergreen, Nelson Co., Va. 



For Sale. 

you particulars. 



500 acre farm and fine 
country home, near the 
Natural Bridge. Postal 
card inquiry will bring 



Mrs. Tompkins. Glasgow, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



341 



Fistula and 
Poll Evil 



You run 
treat these 
d i s e a s es 
yourself 
and cure them in 15 to 30 days. Flem- 
ing's Fistula and Poll Evil Cure is easy 
to apply, perfectly safe to use, and 
your money is promptly refunded if it 
should ever fail to cure. 

Interesting Booklets Free. 

We have two booklets to send you. 
One tells about Fistula, Poll Evil, 
Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint, Knee- 
Sprung, Lump Jaw, etc., with instruc- 
tions how to cure them. 

The other proves that you can cure 
thtm. Write to-day. 

FLE/IING "kOS.. Chemists. 
22 Union Stock Yards. - Chica go. I ll 



Pressing Hard Easy 

sounds queer, doesn't it? But it isn't diffi- 
cult to understand if you are using a 




RED RIPPER !%. 

It bales ticrht bundles, large or small, and does it with the 
least amount of strain on the horse. The Red Ripper has 
been twice entered in competition with other presses, both 
times at the Georgia state fair, where it was awarded first 
premium. Dealers who handle the Red Ripper say that 
it just drives other hay presses out of the market. The low- 
est priced press on the market, and costs less than others 
to operate. Progressive, economical farmers will want to 
know more and can by sending for our new Catalog No. 433. 
Distributing points, "Baltimore, Memphis, Cincinnati. 

Address SIKES MFG. CO., Helena, Georgia. 



ROUND SILO 

THE PHILADELPHIA. 

The only Perfect Continuous Open Front 
SILO made. See Open-Top Patent Roof. Ask 
for Catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTER, 

321 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Also made in the West by Duplex Mfg. 
Co., South Superior. Wis. 

seed oo^jsr 

The Prize WHITE DENT Corn. The seed 
were obtained last year from Epitomist Ex- 
periment Farm, Indianapolis. Matures in 90 
days and grows about like Southern White 
Corn. A heavy yielder. Price, $1.40 per bus., 
Toe. per half bus. 

W. RUSSELL, Abbyville, Va. 



300 
BUSHELS 



Soja Beans 



FOR SALE— !)0c. per bushel. 
Seed Corn, 7">e. Black Peas, SI 30. 
W. H. WILSOiN, St. Brides, Va. 



[RsflTl 

GREENSBORO, N.C. 

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE «nc 
other Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhaustior 



RIIPTIIQr CUREr> while you work 
■»*'■ ■ Writ You pav 81 when cured. 
No' cure, no pay. ALEX. SFE1RS, Box 841. 
Westbrook, Maine. 




telegraph all around the world without 
any wires, cables, or anything of that 
kind. I have not the least objection 
to his doing it, provided so great a 
feat can be^accomplished." 

One section of his bill provided that 
"the business and objects of said cor- 
poration shall be to develop and utilize 
the principle of and powers of natural 
electricity to be used in telegraphing, 
generating heat, light and motive 
power, and otherwise make and ope- 
rate any machinery run by electricity 
for any purpose." 

Finally, the bill passed, more as a 
compliment to Senator Anthony than 
anything else, and because it did not 
commit the government to anything, 
or involve any appropriation. But I 
cannot see that the passage of this bill 
effected anything, except to place on 
record the fact that Loomis was the 
original inventor of wireless telegra- 
phy. It left him still without ade- 
quate means to put his great invention 
into practice, and though he used his 
own means unsparingly for the pur- 
pose, he was only able to demonstrate 
on a very small scale the feasibility 
of his plan. He succeeded in trans- 
mitting messages without wires be- 
tween stations fourteen miles apart, 
these stations being on the spurs of 
the Blue Ridge mountains. He me- 
morialized Congress for an appropria- 
tion of $50,000 to enable him to carry 
out his invention, and the House of 
Representatives passed the bill, but 
it was defeated in the Senate, and thus, 
for want of this trivial sum (trivial 
in comparison with the matter at 
stake), one of the greatest inventions 
of modern times fell to the ground, in- 
stead of soaring triumphantly aloft, 
and the name of Loomis, instead of 
being proudly inscribed on the roll of 
fame, along with that of Morse and 
other great inventors, is known to only 
a very few of his countrymen. 

His fate reminds me very much of 
that of Columbus, who, after all he 
bad risked and endured in making the 
discovery of the new world, saw him- 
self virtually pushed aside in favor of 
a later explorer, and the crown of lau- 
rels he so richly merited placed on 
the head of Amerigo Vespucci, in honor 
of whom the two continents of the new 
world were named, instead of their 
bearing the name of "Columbia," and 
the fact of Columbus' rival being an 
Italian renders the parallel yet more 
striking. 

After sacrificing his health and 
means in the effort to secure recogni- 
tion for his invention, Dr. Loomis died 
at the residence of his brother, at 
Terra Alta, West Virginia, in 1886, 
aged sixty, fully convinced that pos- 
terity would acknowledge the import- 
ance and utility of his invention. 

A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 

Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 



Warranted 

to give satisfaction. 




GOMBAULT'S 

CAUSTIC BALSAM 

A safe, speedy and 
positive cure for 

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, 
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone 
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin 
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. 
Removes all Bunches from Horses or 
Cattle. 

As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rhen- 
matiam, Sprains, Sore Throat, etc., it 
is invaluable. 

Every bottle of Canstle Balsam sold is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price SI -SO 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for its 
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo- 
nials, etc. Address 
THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cleveland, Ohio. 






IN HORSES 

IT WILL CURE 

Chronic Cough, Heaves, 
Influenza. Distemper. 
Hidebound, Indigestion 
and all Stomach and 
Bowel Trouble. He- 
stores Lost Appetite. 
Expels Worms. Pre- 
vents Colicky attacks 
from unwholesome food. 



IN HOGS 



' IN CATTLE 

G Hoven. Lost or 
Depraved Appetite, In- 
digestion, Constipation. 
Etc. White Scours and 
and Rickets in calves. 
Suppression or Milk 
In cows and increases 
quantity of milk and 



Cough, Scours. Indigestion, 
Cholera. Etc Starts Stunts 
Fattens by Increasing thi 
assimilation. 1 cream. 

The Finest of all animal vitalizen and tonics and the only one which i 
ses the coefficient of digestibility of protein. 
5 Pkgs. $1.00, 12 Pkgs. S2.00. Charges Paid. 

the Genuine or send to us. Pamphlet No. g 'free 

DAVID C. rOVTZ. EihimoM, Md. 



HORSE COLIC. 

Send me $1.00 and 1 will tell you 
how to cure 

HORSE COLIC 

in 15 minutes at home. 
Address — 
J. C. FlTCHER, - South Boston, Va. \\ 

5A> &2£i£itJ£k^-&&B&&&/ 



DEATH TO HEAVES 




MiWTON'S Heave, Tough, !>(■- 

temper and Indigestion Care. 

, A veterinary specific for wind, 

throat and stomach troubles. 

Strong recommends. $1.00 per 

can. Dealers. Mail or Kx. paid. 

Newton Horse Kerned t Co. , 

Toledo, Ohio. 



342 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



[May 



Incubator Results 

are what you seek. The machine is a means to t 

an end. Poultry raisers have no other concern J 

about machines than to get results. 

PETALUMA TO u b%3«W' 

I are the oldest and most reliable machines I 
Ion the market to-day. Hatches uniformly! 
| high in all climates, under all conditions. Self- 1 
regulating and ventilat- 1 
ing, supplying moisture I 
where needed. Copper I 
and redwood the materi- 1 
als. Freightpaid all over I 
U. S. »cc late catalog I 
of incubators and brood- I 
ers. Write for it 

Petaluma Incubator Co 

I Hox 46 Petaluma, Ca!. 

or liuz 4G « 

Indianapolis, Ind. 



Home of High-breds. 

Even the best is never too good, 
you'd better buy of me. 
FANCIERS STOCK AT FARMERS PRICES, 
DUROC-JERSEYS, the best all-purpose 
bog; also POLAND-CHINAS; B. P. ROCKS, 
M. B. TURKEYS and M. P. DUCKS. Eggs in 
season. 

THE CEDARS W/1. Q. OWENS, 

P. and S. FAR/1. Midlothian, Va. 



FINE ILLUS- 
TRATED CAT- 
ALOG U E for 
stamp, if you 
mention this 
paper. All 



32 Varieties 
Best Poultry 

poultry keepers should have it. 

JNO. E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonbu rg, Va. 

BROWN LEGHORNS 

r Single Comb,; 

Eggs from prize winners and good layers, $1.50 
per sitting. Reduction on larger lots. 

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

R. W. HAW, Jr., - Centralia, Va, 
u *iAWKLilS" 

Barred, Buff and White P. Rocks, Light 
Brahmas, White Wyandottes, Buff Coch- 
ins, Partridge Cochins, Black Langshan, 
Black Minorca, S. C. Brown Leghorns and 
S. C. White Leghorns. Stock for sale 
cheap. Prize winner eggs, $1 for 15. A 
hatch of two-thirds, or order duplicated 
at half price. 

OAKLAND POULTRY FARM, Ruffin, N. C. 
Bo * 5 - C^J. Warriner. Manager 

BROWN LEGHORNS 

[ROSE cone.] 

" The Celebrated Maryland Strain." Prize 
Winners. Eggs, $1 00 per 15: $5.50 per hundred. 



JOHN P. MAYS, 



Olencoe. Maryland. 



EG G H> 

FROM 

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS 

$2.25 for 9; $4.00 for 18. 

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

$1.25 for 13; $2.25 for 30. 
Packed and f. o. b. Express Office. 

JOHN A CLARK, - Shirley, Va, 



FLOWERS TELL TIME. 

Largest Timepiece Ever Built, Design- 
ed Entirely in Flowers; Is An Ag- 
ricultural Feature of they Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition. 
With its mechanical frame quite con- 
cealed beneath beautiful flowers and 
vari-colored foliage plants, the mam- 
moth floral clock that may be seen at 
St. Louis by visitors to the Lousiana 
Purchase Exposition in 1904, will be 
by far the largest timepiece ever con- 
structed. 

The floral clock is immediately north 
of the Agricultural Building, and to 
the visitor appears to be made entirely 
from contributions from the floral 
world. The mechanism of the clock 
is buried and the huge dial, 100 feet 
in diameter, shows its face six 
inches above the ground. The dial, 
the hands, the minute hand being fifty 
feet long, and moving five feet at each 
move, and all the frames are so cov- 
ered with flowers as to quite conceal 
any mechanical contrivances. 

The numerals making the hour are 
fifteen feet in length, and are made 
of bright-colored coleus, a foliage plant 
that grows dense, and may be pruned 
with the gardener's shears and kept 
symmetrical without fear of impairing 
the growth of the plant. 

In the circle surrounding the numer- 
als are collections of twelve distinct 
plants, each collection being twenty- 
five feet long and twelve feet wide. Na- 
ture has ordained that each of these 
plants should open its blossom at a 
certain hour of the day, and the great 
floral clock shows how the laws of na 
ture are as exact as the mechanical 
laws discovered by man. As the hands 
of the giant floral clock reach the num- 
eral naming a certain hour the flowers 
in the great bed at the back of the hour 
so designated begin to open their buds 
and to exhale the perfume peculiar 
to the plant. 

Still another mode of computing 
time will be shown by this immense 
recorder of time's flight, and this by 
the primitive hour-glass. On the south 
side of the dial, behind the numeral 
that denotes mid-day or midnight, is 
built a tower, twelve feet square and 
eighteen feet high. The tower is of 
wood, and, like most of the beautiful 
structures within the City of Knowl- 
edge, is covered with staff. The archi- 
tecture is graceful and ornate. The 
top of the tower is surmounted with a 
mammoth hour-glass, made of the hea- 
viest and clearest crystal, with the re- 
ceptacles for holding the sand, each 
six feet in length and four feet in di- 
ameter, as the base. The hour-glass 
is so suspended that when the sand is 
spent the glass automatically reverses 
itself, and another hour is being told 
off. 

Concealed in the picturesque tower 
is the massive machinery, weighing 
tons and controlling the powerful steel 
shaft that extends under the centre 
of the floral dial more than fifty feet 
distant. The powerful machinery is so 



LittlelChicks 

thrive when fed on our 

BABY CHICK FOOD. 

A perfect balanced food. Send for free 
sample and our large illustrated catalog 

of POULTRY SUPPLIES, 

INCUBATORS and 

BROODERS. 

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO., 

517-519 West Broad St., 

Richmond, Va. 

EVERYTHING FOR THE FANCIER. 



P£lK'8 EUti FOOJU). 



CCCn FOR 50 HENStfl « 

iCCU FOR 60DAYS$I.Prepi>id. 

It is the cheapest food on earth. It 
pays others, and will pay you. It 
makes the poultry business interesting, 
BECAUSE it produces results— WE 
SUGGEST a trial order. Our Booklet 
and Egg-Record— FREE. 

THE FRED. S. PECK CO., 
211 W. Mitchell St., - Petoskey, Mich. 



EGGS EGGS EGGS 

That will hatch out Dollars Not real dol- 
lars, but Turkey s and Chickens of thebest strains 
in this country, which will net the owner more 
real dollars of profit than any others. I handle 
" Nothing but the Best " in my line. My prices 
are higher than some others, but the quality 
more than makes the difference. National strain 
Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, sitting 13, $2 Nat- 
ional strain, Barred Plymouth Rock Chickens, 
sitting, 15 $1.50. 

PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE, 
Miss E. Callie Giles, Prop. Whittle's Depot, Va. 

EGGS FOR HATCHING. 

Toulouse Goose eggs, $2 per dozen; Barred 
and White Rocks, S. L. Wyandottes, Brown 
Leghorns, S. and R. C. S. C. White Leg- 
horns 75c. per setting of 15. A few more Leg- 
horn Cockerels left, $1 each. 



Clover Hill Farm. 



J. B. JOHNSON, 
Manassas, Va, 



WHITE WYANDOTTES 
and BUFF P. ROCKS. 

Beautiful birds and grand layers. 

Cockerels, $1.50 each. 

Eggs, $1 per 13; $5 per 100. 

EDGEMONT POULTRY YARDS, Liberty Mills, Va. 



PIT G«MES. 

BLACK DEVILS AND RED HORSES. 

These Cocks won 90 per cent of battles fought 
in 1901 and 1902, and have never lost a battle 
when gameness and cutting qualities could win. 
Eggs, JJ2 per sitting and stock for sale. 

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va. 



S. C. Brown Leghorns 

Long hred for fine plumage, strong vitality 
and laying qualities. One setting of eggs, 
?5c. ; two settings of 32 eggs, $1.25; per 100 
eggs, $3.50. Address 
J. N. HANGER, - Lasley, Va. 



SO U/ ICPLinOlUC Pure stock. Bred to 
. L. Yl. LtuHUnNo. lay. EggsSlper20. 
IDEAL POULTRY YARDS, Kopp, Va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



LEGHORN POULTRY YARDS 




Have for sale a limited number of Single 
Comb Brown and White Leghorn Pullets and 
Roosters. Best layers known. Prize-winning 
etock. Prite, $1 to $1.50 each. Eggs in season 
at $1 for 16: $5 per 100. Satisfaction guaran- 
teed. Address 

A. T. MATTHEWS. Box 36, Parksley, Va. 



WANTED! 

ALL KINDS OF 

LIVE WILD BIROS AND ANIMALS 

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 

Squirrels, Ducks, Swans, Etc. 

CECIL FRENCH, 

718 Twelfth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

EGOS FOR HATCHING. 

White Wyandottes, Barred Plymouth 
Rocks, S. C. White Leghorns and Pekin 
Ducks. Prize winners at New York, Bos- 
ton, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Hagerstown, 
Pan-American and Charleston, Some ex- 
tra fine stock for sale. For prices and de- 
scription, address 

LEWIS E. BENEDICT. Proprietor, 
Meadowvale Farm, - Lutherville, Md, 

1^ ^— » — ^— ■■ "^—i """i^" ^^— ■— • 

Barred and Buff 

PLYHOUTH ROCKS. 

FRED NUSSEY, 

Summit, Spottsylvania Co., Va. 

White Leghorns. 

Egg Record — 2.213 eggs in one year 
from eighteeu hens. 
Eggs, $2 per 15; $5 per 60. 

Write for circular to-day. 
C. G. M. FINK, 1409 W. Leigh St.. Richmond, Va. 

SILVER WYANDOTTES 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

Famous "Blue Grass" Strain: none finer. 
Eggs, $1 per 13; $2 per 30. 22 years a breeder 
and shipper. 

S. P. YODER, Denbigh, Va. 



EGGS For Sale of Best Pure-Bred Stock, 
fresh laid. M. B. Turkey, Pekln Ducks, 
White Wyandotte, B. P. Rocks and S. C. B. 
Leghorn. Write. Miss CLARA L. SMITH, 
Croxton, Caroline county, Va. 



delicately adjusted that it measures 
off each second of time with as much 
certainty as does the most accurate 
ship's chronometer. 

Above the hour-glass is suspended 
a sweet-toned bell, weighing 5,000 
pounds, on which the hour is an- 
nounced. The sound-waves thus cre- 
ated penetrate to the extreme ends of 
the grounds. 

With the first sound of the bell, the 
massive and beautifully - decorated 
doors to the tower swing open, and the 
machinery that propels the great time- 
piece is exposed to the view of the pub- 
lic. In one minute the doors are again 
closed, and the vine-covered hands con- 
tinue their never-ending journey, pro- 
pelled by a power as incapable of de- 
tection as the power that causes the 
flowers to unfold its blossom at the 
hour appointed by nature, or the force 
of gravity that causes the hour-glass 
to deplete itself in a given space of 
time. 

The entire centre of the face of the 
mammoth floral clock, a space inside 
the circle created by the numerals, and 
seventy feet in diameter, is composed 
of alternanthera, a foliage plant which 
is commonly known as "Joseph's 
Coat," because of its many colors. This 
plant grows low and exceedingly dense 
and mottled, and brightly-colored fo- 
liage completely covers the ground, but 
will never grow close enough to be 
touched by the hands as they pursue 
their never-ending course. 

Encircling this immense bed of al- 
ternanthera, and separating it from 
the fifteen-foot floral numerals that 
mark the hour, is a narrow band of 
centaurea, another foliage plant, popu- 
larly knows as "Dusty Miller." This 
species of plant, a beautiful silver in 
appearance, grows a trifle higher than 
the alternanthera. The band of "Dusty 
Miller," only eight inches wide, sepa- 
rates the seventy-foot circular bed of 
alternanthera from the twelve beds of 
the same plant that surrounds the 
space on the dial allotted to the large 
numerals. 

The hands of the clock are made of 
a frame-work of steel, but wooden 
troughs filled with soil are provided, 
and in these troughs myrtle, ivy, and 
other creeping green plants grow lux- 
uriantly and completely conceal from 
view everything but themselves. 

The crowning glory of the floral 
clock is a group of twelve distinct 
plants that begin unfolding their petals 
with the morning-glory at the peep 
o' day, and as each hour is registered 
a new plant begins displaying it* 
charms, while the bloom of the plant 
of an hour before falls and dies to be 
reincarnated twenty-four hours later. 
The circle surrounding the numerals 
is 300 feet in circumference, and the 
sections of hour flowers each occupy a 
space twenty-five feet long and 
eighteen feet deep. The sections are 
divided by narrow strips of foliage 



HOLLYBROOK FARM. 

iUGGS ™ SITTING 

From Thoroughbred Poultry. 

In our poultry yards we have the following 
thoroughbred poultry, all first-class stock, 
originally started from the best stock in this 
country and carefully cross-mated so as to 
give strong and vigorous stock and the best 
laying strains of the different breeds that It 
is possible to obtain: 

BARRED P. ROCK, $1.00 per sitting. 

BLACK LANGSHAN, $1.50 per sitting. 

BUFF PLYMOUTH ROCK, $1.50 sitting. 

LIGHT BRAHMAS, $1.50 per sitting. 

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTE, $1.50. 

BLACK MINORCAS, $1.50 per sitting. 
In addition to careful breeding, we pay 
special attention to the handling and packing 
of our Eggs, so as to ensure good fertility 
and a good hatch. 

HENRY W. WOOD, 
P. 0. Box, 330. Hollybrook Farm, RICHMOND, VA. 



Barred Plymouth Rocks 

— EXCLUSIVELY 

Strong, healthy, vigorous, farm-raised 
stock; bred for laying; 75 cts. per setting. 
WM. B. LEWIS. Irby, Nottoway Co., Va. 



BARKED P. ROCK EClCjlO 

from Sunnyside Winter laying Ringlet strain. 
$1.00 for 15; $2.50 for 45. 
SUNNYS1DE POULTRY FARM, 

Christiansburg, Va. 

Reference : Bank of Christiansburg. 



EGGS FOR HATCHING. 

Purebred B. P. Rock, Black Minorca, 
S C B. Leghorn. Fine stock, excellent 
layers; I guarantee eggs to be true to name, 
fresh, and to arrive in good condition. 
75 cents per 15, $2 per 45, $4 per 100. 
MissS M.HITER, Ellisville, Louisa Co., Va 



EGGS FOR SALE 

From pure bred 

M. B. TURKEYS, WHITE and BARRED 

PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 



W. F. FLANAGAN, 



Christiansburg, Va. 



BARRED P. ROCKS and 
S. C. B. LEGHORNS. 

15 eggs, $1 00; 30, $1.75. 

Pekin Ducks- H eggs, $1; 22, $1.75. 
Bargains in Incubators, Organs and Pianos. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. Rev. J. W. HECKMAN, 
Spottsylvania, Va. 



_■«««« 4% From prize-winning matings. 
rnnP BARREDand WHITE PLYMOUTH 
I" ll M .\ ROCK, WHITE WYANDOTTE and 
LUUU BLACK MINORCA. Reduced 
rates to secure widest patronage— $1 00 per 13. 
KENTON POULTRY FARM, Qlendale, Md. 



EGGS. 



EGGS. 



M. B. Turkey Eggs, bred from 4.>-lb. torn, bril- 
liant plumage. 83.00 doz. B. P. Rock and Pekin 
Duck Eggs, 81.00 per 20, $4.00 per 100. Yearling 
Male Scotch Collie, trained, $10.00; Pups, $5.00. 

C. H. BENNETT. Goodman. Va. 



EGGS FOR SALE 

From purebred S. C. B LEGHORNS, 

$1 per 15; $5 per 100. 

Mrs. B. D. CHANDLER, R. F. D., Charlottesville, Va. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



| The Southside I 
I Manufacturing Co*, | 

PETERSBURG, VA. % 

8 All Kinds of,.* § 



Fruit and 
Vegetable 
Carriers... 



■; Send for Catalogue and Prices. § 

* ■ f» 



NOW READY, A VALUABLE 
PAMPHLET, 

CULTIVATION AND STORING OF 
SWEET POTATOES. 

This pamphlet, with necessary cuts, gives 
plain directions for constructing a Sweet- 
Potato House that, in connection with im- 
portant details, will easily keep sweet- 
potatoes in good condition until the new crop 
comes in, or longer. 

Also some new, well-tested and valuable 
plans for bedding and growing sweet-potatoes. 

A. F. Funderburk. Dudley, S. C, in speak- 
ing of this pamphlet, says: "I would not 
take ten times its cost for It." 

The pamphlethas been introduced into 
eighteen States and two Territories, and it is 
believed that the plans given will eventually, 
to a great extent, supersede the present mode 
of growing and storing sweet-potatoes. 

The pamphlet also contains a number of 
my best agricultural articles. Price of pam- 
phlet, postpaid, 50 cents. 

I have a few copies of forfula for con- 
structing "A Mothproof Bee Hive" that will 
be sent, as long as they last, without extra 
charge. Address 

BRYAN TYSON, Carthage, N. C. 

150 JACKS, JENNETS 

V and Mules 150 

V^Hfc^ao ^a»^ Best assortment I ever owned. 

Tfis-J-f /^B Can suit you exactly. Write 

^P^K^^B for description and prices 

■ WAlso will sell two Percheron 

•^SSfhaaBB^O Stallions at close figures. 

BAKER'S JACK FARM, Lawrence, Ind. 

FINE JACKS. 

Mules are equal to GOLD DOLLARS, 
from "youth to old age." Several nice 
ones and 2 very fine Jennets for sale. 
Buy Jark now and get him ready for 
spring. 
Write your wants to 

L. L, THOMAS. 
722 W. Campbell Ave , Roanoke, Va. 

A WPDD A PflATC are handsome, hardy and 
ANUUnH UUA I profitable I or large cir 
cuiar address E. W. CO LE & CO., Big Clifty, Ky. 

Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 



plants, and each section thus retains 
its individuality. 

Surrounding the twelve groups of 
flowers that open their blossoms on 
the approach of the hour hand of the 
beautiful floral time register and com- 
pleting the picture, is a circle of grass, 
six feet wide, and as smooth as velvet. 
The visitor may walk around the clock 
on a spacious granitoid promenade, 
but a chain encircles the six-foot sward, 
and the dreaded sign, "Keep off the 
grass," is not in evidence. 

The floral clock will be as attractive 
an exhibit at night as it is in day. 
Among the foliage of the hour numer- 
als are 1,000 incandescent electric 
lamps, not visible during the day, but 
after nightfall, when the electric cur- 
rent is turned on, the myriads of lamps 
illuminate the entire exhibit, and make 
it as light as day, and more beautiful. 

The floral clock is the exhibit of the 
Johnson Service Company, of Milwau- 
kee. 



BLOOD MEAL. 
Calves scour and die as the result of 
incomplete nutrition. Too little pro- 
tein has been furnished in the food 
of the pregnant dam; hence the foetus 
is imperfectly developed. The milk 
of a dam so fed is similarly lacking in 
this most requisite ingredient. Armour 
& Co.'s dried blood meal, advertised 
elsewhere in this issue, serves to im-- 
mediately balance the ration of cows 
and calves — of other females and their 
offspring — so that these evils do not 
occur. It is pure dried powdered blood 
of bullocks, and contains 87 per cent, 
of digestible protein, besides the other 
necessary and valuable constituents of 
fresh blood, so that starchy foods may 
be easily and cheaply balanced by the 
addition of small quantities of this 
important product of the packing- 
houses. Working animals are strength- 
ened and invigorated; young growing 
animals fully nurtured, and sick ani- 
mals restored to normal weight and 
health when fed dried blood meal as an 
adjunct to their other foods. It has 
a hundred other important uses. Many 
of these are set forth simply and truth- 
fully in the booklet published by the 
Armour Fertilizer Works. Readers of 
the Southern Planter should procure a 
copy of this booklet, which will be sent 
free of charge. Blood meal will keep 
poultry healthy and make hens lay. 



LORD & THOMAS' NEWSPAPER 
DIRECTORY. 

The 1903 edition of "The Pocket Di- 
rectory of the American Press," re- 
cently issued by Lord & Thomas, Chi- 
cago, is of great value to all who are 
interested in the subject of newspaper 
or magazine advertising. In compact 
and convenient form, this little, neat- 
ly-bound, handsomely-printed volume, 
besides giving the claimed circulation 
of all papers in the United States and 
Canada, contains a vast amount of de- 
tailed information classified and ar- 
ranged with admirable skill. It is in- 
valuable to general advertisers. 



MARKET TOPPERS FOR SALE, LOW. 



nt 




One thoroughbred Angus cow, unregistered 

coming 3 yrs., with heifer cali at foot. 
Four three-fourths Angus heifers, two coming 

3 yrs., two coming 4 yrs., bred to reg. AnguB 

bull. 
Four seven-eighths Angus heifers, coming 2 

yrB , bred to reg Angus bull. 
Three seven-eighths Angus heifers, ccming 

1 yr. 
Four one-half Angus heifers, coming 1 yr. 
One bull calf, out of a thoroughbred Shorthorn 

cow, by a reg. Angus bull. 
One 9-mos-old reg Angus bull. 
One 12-mos-old reg. Angus heifer. 

All of the above cattle are black and as well 
polled as a thoroughbred Angus. 
One fine reg. Angus bull calf, 5 mos. 9ld. 

Address W. M. WATKINS & SON, 
Cottage Valley Stock Fajm, 

Randolph, Charlotte Co., Va. 



V.P.I. 

Farm Bulletin 

Splendid ANGUS BULL for sale. 
1 year old in April. 



We are. now booking orders for 
Dorset Ram Lambs. No more 
Berkshire Pigs now. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
Blacksburg, Va. 



ABERDEEN-ANGUS BULLS FOR SALE. 

1. My Herd Bull, ROCKBRIDGE] ABAC- 
TOR, No. 40364, 3 yrs. old Dec. 2d last; $400. 

2. A Bull Calf, born Dec. 20th; 3ired by the 
above "Abactor"; dam, "Pride of Potomac"; 
No. 42607; $100. 

3. A Bull Calf, born Dec. 12th; sired by 
the above "Abactor"; dam. a thoroughbred 
Angus Cow bred by the late William A. Ruff. 
Pure breeding can be shown for this calf, 
but beiug out of an unrecorded dam he can- 
not be registered; $50. 

None of these will be sold until October, 
and should the calves at that tife not prove 
to be good specimens of the breed they will 
be withdrawn from sale. 

B. F. DAY, Glasgow, Va. 



MONTEBELLO HERD OF 

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle. 

3 Reg. Bull Calves for sale. Ages, 8, 4 and S 
months; 

1 Thoroughbred (not entitled to registration), 
male, 2 months old. 

BERKSHIRE PIGS of Biltmore Strain. 

L. H. GRAY, lock box 58. orange, va. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



345 



MEADOWVALE FARM 

OFFERS FOR SALE SOME CHOICE 
JERSEY and GUERNSEY CATTLE. 
BERKSHIRE SWINE, WHITE 
WYANDOTTES, BARRED PLY- 
MOUTH ROCKS AND WHITE 
LEGHORNS. 

The cattle offend consist of Young Cows, 
Yearling Heifers, Heifer and Bull Calves and 
Bulls old enough for service. Berkshires of 
all ages and both sexes. The poultry is all 
fine breeding stock and healthy. 

Meaclowvale Farm has won in the past three 
years over 600 First and Special Prizes at the 
Leading Fairs and Expositions, including 
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Hagerstown, 
Pan-American and Charleston. For Descrip- 
tion, Pedigree and Prices, address 

LEWIS E, BENEDICT, Prop. Luthersville, Md. 

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Has for sale a large num 
ber of nice voting regis- 
tered A. J. C. C. 




JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 



None better bred in the South. Combining 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood 
in America. Bulls 10 to 12 months old, $25; 
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA 
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what 
jou want. 

T. P. BRASWELL. Prop." Battleboro, N. C. 

FOR SALE 

Reg. AYRSHIRE BULL, 2 years old in 
July, ¥50. 

15 Fresh MILK COWS, singly or the lot. 

75 Fine NATIVE EWES, with High-Grade 
Dorset Lambs at side. Choice, not less than 
$10, or $8 for the Hock. 

Will have for sale five or six Selected- 
Grade Dorset Buck Lambs and several Regis- 
tered Dorset Buck Lambs — all from one of 
the Finest Registered Dorset Bucks in the 
country. GEO. R. S. CONNELL, 

Irwin, Va. 



ANGUS BULL CALVES 

Registered and unrecorded. Stock lirst- 
class and breeding the best. 

SHROPSHIRE SHEEP 

First-class Yearling Rams, and Ewes of 

all ages. Several FINE FARMS for sale. 

WARREN RICE, - Winchester, Va. 

HAWKSLEY STOCK FARM. 

Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 
B. P. ROCKS FOWLS, 

Eggs from same, 81 per 13. 
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va. 

FOR SALE. 

Large English Berkshire Hogs, 
Barred Plymou.h Rock Chickens 

BEN. BOLT, 60747, 430 lbs. as a yearling at 
head of herd. KTEGGS IN SEASON. 

JOHN P. FOSTER. Nocreek, Ohio Co., Ky. 



"WHITE MINORCAS." As layers unsur- 
passed. Catalogue explains fully. Eggs 
shipped anywhere with good results. They 
•will please you. F. S. BULLINGTON, Box 
P. Richmond, Va. 



FORESTRY PROFITABLE IN THE 
SOUTH. 



The University of the South, at Sewa- 
nee Has Found It So. 



What Can Be Done When Forestry Is 
Practiced With Lumbering — High 
Profits and a Better Forest the Re- 
sults. 



The direct and immediate advan- 
tages of careful lumbering, when com- 
bined with the practice of forestry, 
have seldom been so forcibly shown as 
in the case of the University of the 
South, at Sewanee, Tenn., whose tim- 
berlands have been managed since 1900 
under the direction of the Bureau of 
Forestry. 

Although $3,000 for all of its timber 
was considered a fair offer by the Uni- 
versity in 1899, the Bureau, by its plan 
of management, has already secured a 
net profit for the University of $3,200 
Four more years of lumbering remain 
to be done, and for three years at least 
there is an assured annual profit of 
$1,500. In a word, timber formerly 
valued at $3,000 will have been made 
to yield a profit of over $7,000. 

Sewanee is on the top of a spur of 
the Cumberland Plateau, and is a noted 
summer resort. Every summer when 
the University opens, hundreds of per- 
sons from all over the South take cot- 
tages in the town to enjoy for the sea- 
son the fine climate and the beauties 
of the woodland scenery. The work 
of the Bureau of Forestry is thus 
brought to the attention of a large 
number of people, many of them own- 
ers of Southern timberlands. who see 
for themselves the great practical ad- 
vantages of forestry and careful lum- 
bering in the suprisingly large profits 
and improved appearance of the for- 
est. 

A detailed account of how the results 
in the Sewanee forest have been 
achieved has just been published by 
the Bureau of Forestry in Bulletin 39, 
entitled, "Conservative Lumbering at 
Sewanee," by John Foley. The bulletin 
does not furnish such specific instruc- 
tions for the management of timber- 
lands like those at Sewanee that they 
can be applied to them without expert 
assistance. It illustrates, however, 
what may be done with such timber- 
lands; and especially does it empha- 
size that lumbering and forestry may 
be practiced in the South, as elsewhere, 
with profit. 



THE POINT OF VIEW. 

"Life, however short, is made still 
shorter by waste of time." — Johnson. 

Although these words were uttered 
by the great scholar and philosopher 
more than two hundred years ago, long 
before the invention of the reaper, they 
come down to us freighted with the 
same meaning they had when first 
spoken, but from the modern point of 
view they perhaps have greater signifi- 
cance. They mean more now, because 



SHORTHORN KJft&SS 

FOR SAIE. 

Close descendants of the World's Fair ereatest 
winners in 1893, and also up to the present time 

SftttZ, OFFEI::_A lyear old R° an Bull Calf at 

#/:> it taken soon. 

Poland-China Pigs of the best and most fash- 
ionable breeding Spring Pigs now ready 
or w?ite e furnished with all stock sold. Come 

WM, T. THRASHER, Sprinirwood, Va. 



ELLERSLIE FARM 3^- 
Tfcoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown ft heep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

Fob Sale. R, J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 



COOK'SCREEK HERD 

Scotch-Topped 
Shorthorns ^ 

Herd Headed by Governor Tyler, 1585 48. 
ioung Bulls for sale. Inspection and corres- 
pondence invited. 

HEATWOLE & SLTER, Dale Enterprise, Va. 




SHORTHORNS 

FOR SALE. 

The Red and White Bull Calf Westover 
138579J Roan Cow Dina,4 years old, out 
of Red Jacket; also 10 months old Bull, to be 
registered if desired. Inspection of stock in- 
vited. J. H. BOELTB.Redfield Stock Farm. 
News Ferry, Va. 



EAST KIVER SIDE 

SHORTHORNS 

FOR SALE. 

Two Red Heifer Calves to be 
shipped about May 1st. 
Address 

JAMES F. CLEMMER, - Summerdean, Va. 



VIRGINIA VALLEY HERD 

Of Registered Shorthorn Cattle. 

Choice young bull, cows and heifers bred 
Also Poland-China Hogs and Bar- 
red Plymouth Rock Chickens. 

Prices Reasonable. 
HENRY BLOSSER, Harrisonburg, Va. 



WE WILL EXCHANGE A 

Reg. SHORTHORN 

(Durham) Bull. 2 years old, well bred, for bull 
of same breed to avoid inbreeding. We refer to 
former owner, Mr. R. L. Owen, of Lexington, 
Va. Address, 

OCCONEECHEE FARM, Durham, N. C. 



WANTED— Pair Pure Bred PERCHERON 
and CLYDESDALE Brood Mares; DUROC 
Boar and Sows; one SHROPSHIRE, SOUTH- 
DOWN and LINCOLN Ram and five Ewes. 
Address STOCK, care Southern Planter, with 
prices and particulars. 



f'T ?.?.y. OLV ? RS .- GUN?. SWORDS. 



fill if I Military" Good's, NEW'and old, auc- 
»>•" ■ tloned to F. Bannerman, 579 Bowery, 
N. Y. 15c. Catalogue mailed, 6c. 



346 



THE SOUTHEliN PLANTER. 



[May 



■% 



R ERKSHIRE S 

ANNEFIELD HERD 

Represents the 

Finest Blood Lines 

in England or America. 

Stock for sale at all times. 



Correspondence Solicited. 

Inspection Invited. 



EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms, 

Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. 



We Have Some Choice 




BERKSHi°RES gfe 

...BOTH SEXES.... 

By Highclere Topper of Bilt- 
more II, out of Harlene, Im- 
ported. Also Two Registered 
JERSEY BULL Calves 

MINI BORYA FARM. - BOX 901. 
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

ESSEX PIGS-FOR SALE. 



Some fine Pigs, from 
Registered Stock, not 
mated, at $10.00 per pair, 
crated F. O. B. 8 to 10 
weeks old. Your orders 
solicited. 



L. O. JONES, Bethania, N. C. 



Registered fc^gK 

C. Whites. Fine large 

strains. All ages, mated 

not akin, 8 week, pigs. 

Bred sows. Service boars 

and Poultrv. Write for prices and free circular. 

P. F. HAMILTON, Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 

RED POLL 

BULL CALVES FOR SALE. 

Registered. Also DEVONS, a11 a ges. 

B. P. JONES, South Montrose, Pa. 

WANTED-A thoroughbred 

RED POLL BULL 

Calf, 4 to 8 months old. Correspondence 
solicited. J. D. JOHNSON. Garland, N C. 

COLLIE PUPS! 

By prize-winning imported sires and trained 
dams. Eligible. Fit for bench, ranch or farm. 
Price, $10, either sex. Also a book on the 
care and training of the Collie for all practi- 
cal uses. Price, 50c. Copy of book free to 
purchaser of Collie. 

Stock Farm. "MAPLEMONT." Albany, Vermont 




time is worth more. On the farm to- 
day one man and a good binder will 
accomplish more in a day than a dozen 
men could do in a week in the olden 
time. Thus time has come to be a 
very important factor in modern farm 
work, and it behooves the farmer to 
study his best interests from every 
point of view and do the right thing 
at the right time. McCormick ma- 
chines are great time-savers — they en- 
able the farmer to think and plan and 
look at things from the correct point 
of view. 



SUCCESSFUL RIDING CULTIVA- 
TORS. 
The only way to find out whether a 
farm implement will work or not is to 
try it in the field under all the various 
conditions of soil, climate, crops and 
seasons that farmers in various parts 
of the country have to contend with. 
This is the test that has been applied 
during many years to the line of Iron 
Age Riding Cultivators, and they have 
come out winners in the trial. To meet 
various conditions, they are made with 
pivot wheels, with fixed wheels, or 
with a combination of the two, and 
they are adaptable to all conditions of 
soil or crops, hills or plains. Espe- 
cially desirable for cultivating crops 
on hillsides or for work among crooked 
rows is the Iron Age Pivot Wheel Cul- 
tivator, a movement of the foot carry- 
ing the whole implement, with its 
gangs of teeth, to right or left as de- 
sired. 



WOODLAND," 239-2569. 

Bar 






Bred by us. The finest Dorset ram we ever saw. 
Is now at the head of our flock with " WOOD- 
LAND," 244-2745 Imp. 
J. E. WING & CO., Mechanicsburg, O 



WANTED 

SHEEP, GOATS, HEREFORD CATTLE 

Am open to buy 25 to 50 Angora Goats, 
25 to 100 Shropshire or Dorset Sheep, 
1 Hereford Bull (yearling), 5 Hereford 
Heifers. 

Cattle must be registered stock; Sheep and 
Goats registered or high grades. 

JO HARDIB, 
Brown Summit, N. C. 



mown 



The cut shows one of the popular 
Iron Age Riding Cultivators having 
pivot wheels; spring pressure lock- 
down, to prevent the gangs rising and 
slipping over hard places; and lever 
gang adjuster, which gives the opera- 
tor immediate control over the width 
of his gangs. 

Among the attachments for these cul- 
tivators are the fallow-tooth attach- 
ment, for work in orchards and for pre- 
paring land in the fall for sowing 
grain; the plows for turning earth 
away from the plant, hilling up, and 
marking rows; spring hoes, adjustable 
in every way; and discs, for working 
crops and for exterminating wire-grass, 
coffee, etc. 

Prices and full descriptions can be 
obtained from the Bateman M'f'g Co., 
Box 167, Grenloch, N. J. 



Hereford Cattle. 

A number of young HERE- 
FORD Bulls and Heifers, not 
akin, at reasonable prices. 

STONEHURST FRUIT AND STOCK FARM, 

Union MITIs, Fluvanna Co., Va. 



FOR SALE 
8 Reg. HEREFORD BULLS 

From 6 mos. to 3 yrs. old. 

8 Reg. HEIFERS 

From 6 to 18 mos. old. At reasonable prices. 
HAYFIELDS STOCK FARM, Cockeysville, Md. 



Dorsets and Herefords. 

I am now offering my fine herd bull. ROY 
MAY, 80183; am also booking orders for Dorset 
ram lambs. 

H. ARMSTRONG, LANTZ MILLS, VA. 



Athoroughbred HOLSTEI N-FRESI AN 
BULL, one year old, eligible to registration. 
For prices, etc., address 

C. R. PETTYJOHN, Mgr. Tate Spring Farm. 

Lynchburg, va. 



Aryshires, Berkshires and Oxford-Downs. 

Ayrshire Calves of both sexes, Berkshire 
Pigs and Boar and 2 Oxford- Down Rams for 
sule. MELROSE CASTLE FARM, 

Enos H. Hess, Manager, Casanova, Va. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



Mention the Southern Planter in 
writing. 



WANTED 

POSITION by Practical Poultry man 
to plan and build a duck and poultry 
plant for market, for a man having loca- 
tion and capital None other need an- 
swer Salary expected until business is 
established. No 1 references given and 
same required. Address c. F. G., 

Cara SOUTHERN PLANTER- 



Mention the Southern Planter in 
writing. 



1'.io:>. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



347 



ill ■ / i 



SKIM MILK hade EQUAL ™ NEW MILK 

International Stock Food Co. Garden Plain, III. 

Gentlemen:— I have used "International Stock Food" for three 
years and can recommend it. I mixed it in skim milk for calves 
and they thrive as well as when fed new milk. It also prevents 
scours. Butchered one of my calves at six months that dressed 
330 pounds. I would not leed stock without using "International 
Stock Food." Very truly, T. H. ADAMS. 

HOW ARE YOUR CALVES? 

International Stock Food Co. Avon, New York. 

Dear Sirs : — I have used "International Stock Food" quite ex- 
tensively. It is the best food I have ever used or known of for 
fattening cattle or milk cows or calves. I do not hesitate to 
recommend it very strongly. Yours truly, 

CHAS. C. RATHBURN, Veterinary Surgeon. 

J3^*W» have thousand* of similar testimonials and will pay yon $1000 Cash to prove that they are not geuulna and unsolicited."^^ 



m 



:N6.DER T. INT. 5. F. f 0. 



"INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD" as-3 FEEDS roa ONE CENT"=|88 Is Prepared from Roots, Herbs, Seeds and Barks and Won the Highest Medal at Paris Exposition in 1900 as a 

High-Class vegetable, medicinal preparation to be fed to 6tock in snail amounts as an addition to the regular feed. It is a Great Aid in Growing or Fattening stock because it 

Increases the appetite and Aids Digestion and Assimilation so that each animal obtains more nutrition from the grain eaten. We positively guarantee that its use will make yon 

' extra money over the usual Plan of Growing and Fattening stock. "International Stock Food" can be fed in safety to Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Colts, Calves, Lambs or Pigs. 

It is Absolutely Harmless even if taken into the Human System. You insist on eating medicinal ingredients with your Own food at every meal. Saltis a stomach tonic and worm 

medicine, Pepper is a powerful stimulating tonic, Mustard is a remedy for dyspepsia, Vinegar is a diuretic. You eat these medicinal ingredients almost with every mouthful of your 

> food, and it is proven that these condiments promote health and strength for people and improve their digestion. "International Stock Food" contains pure vegetable medicinal 

, ingredients that are just as safe and as necessary an addition to the regular feed of your stock if you desire to keep them in the beet possible condition. "International Stock Food" 

. is endorsed by Every High-Clasl Farm Paper. It purines the blood, stimulates and permanently strengthens the entire system so that disease is prevented or cured. "International 

Stock Food" la sold on a "Spot Cash Guarantee" by Fifty Thousand Dealers throughout the World. |f^~Your Money will h e Pro mptly Refunded in Any case of failure. 

It will make your Calves or Pigs grow Amazingly and has the largest sale in the World for keeping them healthy. %J& Beware of the many Cheap and Inferior 

Imitations! No Chemist can separate all the Different powdered Roots, Herbs, Barks and Seeds that we use. Any One claiming to do so Must be an Ignoramus or Falsifier, 



WHAT PEOPLE SAY 

International Stock Food Co., 

Eau Claire, Wis. 
Dear Sirs:— I received your "International Stock Book" and 
i more than pleased with it. It is worth more than $10.00 to 
Very truly yours, RICHARD J. MORRISSEY. 



ABOUT THIS BOOK. 

International Stock Food Co., Odessa, Mo. 

Dear Sirs: — Your "International Stock Book" duly received, 
and it is the best thing of its class that I have ever seen. There is 
a volume of useful articles in it from start to finish. 

Respectfully. GEO. W. NULL,. 



A $3000.00 STOCK BOOK FREE 



IT CONTAINS 183 LARGE ENGRAVINGS OF HORSES, OATTLE, SHEEP, POULTRY, ETO. 



Ike Cover of this Book is a Beautiful Live Stock Picture O-Prlnted In Six Brilliant Colors. Size of the book is 6^ by 9 V, inches. It cost ns $3000 to have our Artists and Engravers 
make these Engravings. This Book contains a Finely Illustrated Veterinary Department that will Save yon Hundreds of Dollars. It describes common Diseases, and tells how to treat 
them. It also lives Description, History and Illustrations of the Different Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogs and Poultry. It contains Life Engravings of many very noted 
Animals, and also testimonials. The Editor Of This Paper Will Tell You That You Ought To Have This Stock Book In Your Library For Reference. 

49- $10.00 CASH, we will send you. IF BOOK IS NOT AS STATED.*®. 
This Book Mailed Free, Postage Prepaid. Write Us Today Getter or postal) and Answer These 2 Questions: 
~~~^£*T~- r ^?~^*r~'~T 1st.— Name This Paper. 2d.— How Much Stock Have YouT r vwv ~ , ^ /, ~ N ~ v< ******J' 

We employ over 300 people and have S iHTPniM XIA1I 1 1 OTr.ni/ rnAn ni\ •■• is ■■• n o i I Largest Stock Food Factory In the World. 

& a s%£?xsz£&£. 7 : MmmU ' I INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis, Minn., 0. S. A. \ ,.^!g^gw 



TEST -r 3FEEDSEH0NECENT. 



ENTIRELY 

AT OUP RISK 



CHAMPION HARVESTERS. 
Are popular the world around. The 
tremendous amount of business being 
done by the Champion division of the 
Inernational Harvester Company la 
well known. There are sixty branch 
houses located in the United States, de- 
voted exclusively to the demonstration 
and sale of the Champion line. 

This makes it possible for purchasers 
of these machines to examine them and 
see them demonstrated at some point 
near their home. These branches are 
in close communication with all selling 
agents throughout their territory, and 
it is a simple and easy matter for pur- 
chasers to secure repairs or special 
parts without sending to the home 
plant for them. 

This is a special advantage during 
the busy season, when the breaking of 
a part may mean a great delay, if it is 
necessary to send to Chicago to replace 
the part that is broken. 

Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 



HILL TOP STOCK FARM. 

Berkshire Hogs and South- 



Down Sheep 

A SPECIALTY. 
S. Brown Allen, who succeeds H. A. S. 
Hamilton & Co in the ownership and man- 
agement of this celebrated Stock Farm, offers 

been bred without regard to cost, and *•■»,» r^ t 

one and two years old, that cannot be OOUthdOWIl DUCKS, 
excelled in this country. We have swept premiums on this stock over all competi- 
tors at Fairs in this and adjoining States. S. BROWN ALLEN, 

Staunton, Virginia, 
(Successor to H. A. S. Hamilton & Co ) 




Berkshire 



that have 



'• BRED-IN-THE-PURPLB." 

DUNTREATH BERKSHIRES. 

EXTRA CHOICE lot of Young Pigs f or sale, all eligible to registry, and 
now ready for shipment. Many of these Pigs are sired by 

BARON SYLMAR OF DUNTREATH. 

NONE BETTER IN AMERICA. 

DUNTREATH STOCK FARM, Box 666, Richmond, V=. 

Reference: American National Bank of Richmond. 



:U8 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



Minneapolis, Minn., April 6, 1903. 
Editor of Southern Planter, 

Richmond, Va. : 

Dear Sir, — Owing to the great rush 
of business, we have been compelled 
to put on a night crew and run our 
factory twenty-four hours per day. 
This week we have added ten more 
typewriters, and this gives us a force 
of 130 people, and our office is the 
largest in the entire Northwest. 

Our sales for 1903 have been much 
larger than for the corresponding 
months of 1902, and our March sale 
was the largest since we have been es- 
tablished. We are pleased to report 
this condition, because it is absolute 
proof that "International Stock Food" 
and our other goods have superior mer- 
its, and that farmers and stockmen ob- 
tain paying results from their use. 

Intelligent farmers will not use any 
preparation year after year if they are 
not satisfied that it is not a money- 
maker for them. Our largest trade 
comes from States where "Interna- 
tional Stock Food" has been largest on 
sale. 

Such facts as we give in this letter 
prove conclusively to any fair-minded 
man that "International Stock Food" 
is exactly as we represent it to be. Our 
object in writing you this I etter is 
simply to give you more facts as to the 
tremendous growth of our business. 

With best wishes, we are, 
Very truly yours, 
INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO. 



BLACKLEG-INE. 



The season is approaching when 
Blackleg is likely to break out among 
your stock, and therefore, the question 
arises as to the best way to avoid the 
usual loss from this troublesome dis- 
ease. A vast number of stock-raisers 
in the blackleg districts can easily 
answer this question for themselves, 
and will use the Pasteur Vaccine Co.'s 
remedies, with which they have had 
such a large and favorable experience 
during the last eight years. The Pas- 
teur Vaccine Co.'s vaccines, and par- 
ticularly the form ready for use, called 
"Blacklegine," are by far the best and 
most favorably known. One of the 
most important facts in regard to 
"Blacklegine" is that it has not only 
proved to be the most effective prevent- 
ive remedy for blackleg, but it is ready 
for use as supplied; each dose is sepa- 
rate, it costs but little, and the instru- 
ment for applying it, called a Black- 
legine Outfit, only costs 50 cents. The 
Pasteur Vaccine Co. has offices in New 
York, Chicago, Fort Worth, and San 
Francisco, as well as several general 
agencies, an^ a vast number of local 
agencies, buv. if any difficulty is expe- 
rienced in obtaining the Pasteur Co.'s 
remedies, they can always be ordered 
direct from one of their offices. 



R,Y/„JBEST- 




Kentucky 

Cane Mills 



FOR OVER 40 YEARS h?ve been the : r 

— — — — ^— — — mzed STANDARD 
in Cane Mill construction. They are imitated, 
of course, but they stand alone and supreme in 
these essential points: 

PERFECTION OP MECHANICAL DETAIL.— STRENGTH 
IN EVEKY. POINT SAVING IN REPAIRS SIMPLIC- 
ITY.— COVERED OIL CHANNELS IN BOTTOM PLATE. 
— PATENT REVERSIBLE FEED GUIDE. — ENCASED 
GEARINGS.— DO MOST WORK WITH LEAST POWER. 
There is metal where metal is needed, together with skilled workmanship and practical knowledge of 
syrui makers' .•equirements. Write for complete Cane Mill and Evaporator Catalog, S-6o. 

AMERICAN SEEDING MACHINE CO., aucSSSSSUS^c*. LOUISVILLE, KY. 



SUNNY HOME HERD OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. 

BARON ROSEBOY 57666 (The great Westertown Rose, son of the 
world ^famous GAY BLACKBIRD) in service. 

The Sire Is half the herd. In Baron Roseboy, is combined the typical " doddy " form with a 
■pedigree that cannot be excelled. He is a brother of the great " Gay Blackbird " (sold at 83050.) 
who heads the largest Angus herd edst of the Mississippi, is also brother of •' Hector of LakeBide" 
at the head of the great Pope Biver herd of Illinois ; isuncleof the " 10th Laird of Estill " at the 
bead of the greatest Angus herd in America. 

On dam's side, Baron Roseboy traces direct to the Imp. Blackbird Bull, " BASUTO, " said to b» 
the best Blackbird Bull ever imported . 

The females in the herd are "chips off the same block ". Great bulls, great cows, mean great 
calves. Come and see them, or write 

A. L. FRENCH, Proprietor, Fitzgerald, N. C. 

Rockingham Co , 24 miles southwest of Danville, Va., on D. & W. Ry. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



{Urffcjfa**' 



Products are Good 
FOR SALE 

Choice Bred A, J. C. C. Bull Calves 

Yirite tor descriptive circular. General Offices, 520 & 524 W. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Md. 

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS. 

The Ideal Bacon Breed, 

The Pork-Packers Breed, 

The Most Prolific Breed, 

The Most Profitable Breed. 

We have four litters of this popular breed, which will 
be ready for shipment in May. Bred from the best im- 
ported stock. We have never seen better pigs. 

Send for circular and prices. Address— 

BOWMONT FARMS, Salem, Virginia. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



349 



POINTS ON CULTIVATION. 

The farmer who keeps abreast of the 
times — whose farm implements are up- 
to-date — is the successful one in the 
competition for greater production at 
less cost. 

In this connection the farmer's at- 
tention is called to the new hook of 
the Hallock Weeder and Cultivator 
Company, of York, Pa., manufacturers 
of the famous Hallock quadruple cul- 
tivator and weeder — the most practi- 
cal and profitable machine ever invent- 
ed for both weeding and cultivating 
all kinds of crops. 

In this book is demonstrated the su- 
periority of the flat-tooth cultivators 
over the round. In words so plain 
and illustrations so clear it proves be- 
yond a doubt that the Hallock weeder 
and cultivator is the greatest labor and 
money-saving argicultural implement 
invented in recent years. 

This very interesting and illustrated 
booklet, which the manufacturers will 
send free to any address, is chock full 
of valuable information. 



A REMINDER OF HOME. 
Mr. John F. Warwick, the American 
traveller and writer, states in a recent 
article that he had a severe attack of 
nostalgia or homesickness during his 
recent trip over the Trans-Siberian 
railway. He had travelled for days 
without seeing a familiar face or hear- 
ing a familiar tongue, and his spirits 
were at a low ebb. The train having 
stopped at a small water-tank station, 
with an unpronounceable name, Mr. 
Warwick stepped out of his car to get 
a breath of fresh air, and in the field 
at the side of the track he saw a sight 
that at once dispelled his homesick 
feeling. It was Deering Grain Binder, 
painted in the American national col- 
orss, and at the sight of this reminder 
of home and country, Warwick was 
himself again, and retained his re- 
stored good spirits for the balance of 
the journey. 



COCKSURE SCHOOLBOYS. 
Here are some samples of what the 
British schoolboy can do when he tries 
hard: 

"John Wesley was a great sea cap- 
tain. He beat the Dutch at Waterloo, 
and by degrees rose to be Duke of Wel- 
lington. He was buried near Nelson, 
in the Poets' corner at Westminster 
Abbey." 

Asked to name six animals peculiar 
to the Arctic regions, a boy replied, 
"'Three bears and three seals." 

"The Sublime Porte is a very fine 
old wine." 

"The possessive case is the case when 
somebody has got yours and won't give 
it to you." 

"The plural of penny is twopence." 

"In the sentence 'I saw the goat 
butt the man,' 'butt' is a conjunction, 
because it shows the connection be- 
tween the goat and the man." 

"Mushrooms always grow in damp 
places, and so they look like umbrel- 
las." 




LOOKED AT 

from every point of view, McCormick mowers 
will be found faultless in design, modern in con- 
struction and thorough in equipment, with the 
most practical features. These mowers arc so 
perfectly balanced, so easily operated and do such 
smooth and even cutting that they instantly 
become the favorite of every man who buys one. 

The McCormick book, 

"A MODEL MACHINE," 

tells all about Mod?! mowers. 



W. K, BACHE, General Agent for 




ANGORA GOATS 

550 HEAD °f Registered and high-grade 
Angora Does and Kids for Sale. 



Clean your land of brush and filth and double your money 
Invested. I HAVE DONE IT. Come and see for yourself; If 
not satisfied, I will pay your R. R. fare and expenses. 

Pee Bulletin Xo. 27, Bureau Animal Industry, Department 
of Agriculture, for information about the Angora. 



ti.sir.j ii,*'r :.: *#>* 



M. M. SUTHERLAND, Wyttoille, Va. 



GOOD- GROWTHY POLAND-CHINAS and BERKSHIRES. 

THE KIND THAT GET BIG PIGS.————. 
6 Weeks Old Pigs, $5.00. 12 Weeks, $8.00. 

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK EGGS; $1 per sitting of IS; Birds, $1 each In lots of 3 or more. 



WRITE YOUR WANTS. 



BYRD BROS. R. F. D. 3, Salisbury, N. C. 



350 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



GUARANTEED INCUBATORS. 

An incubator is purchased for a spe- 
cific purpose — for hatching chicks. If 
it doesn't do that, or if it only hatches 
a small part of the eggs consigned to 
it, it is a failure, and its purchase is 
a waste of money. 

There is a way now of buying incu- 
bators on trial. The Hawkeye Incu- 
bators are sold on thirty days' free 
trial, long enough to go through with 
ODe complete hatch and enable the pur- 
chaser to be sure he is getting what 
he wants. The Hawkeye Incubators 
and Brooders are all guaranteed, as it 
is the wish of their makers to have 
every customer satisfied. They con- 
sider that as their best advertisement. 

The new Hawkeye Incubator cata- 
logue is full of pictures and facts, and 
many letters from all over the Union 
attesting the excellent hatches these 
machines have made. 

If any of our readers have not as yet 
received this catalogue, they can obtain 
one by writing the Hawkeye Incuba- 
tor Co., Box 49, Newton, Iowa. 



Littleton Female College is prepar- 
ing for a great commencement the last 
week in May. Bishop A. Coke Smith 
will preach the annual sermon. Dr. 
C. P. Reid, of Nashville, Tenn., will de- 
liver the missionary address, and Gov- 
ernor Aycock will deliver the literary 
address. 



CORN BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. 

I would be glad if you would make 
note of the following item of news in 
the columns of your paper, so that 
it may pre-empt the ground for our 
people and give some publicity to the 
organization of the association refer- 
red to: 

As a result of the efforts which have 
been put forth by the Experiment 
Station for two or three years, and 
followed up by the work of the State 
Department of Farmers' Institutes 
during the past winter in holding 
special Corn Institutes in different 
parts of the State, which were ad- 
dressed by Professor Shamel, of Illi- 
nois University, there was organized 
recently in Frederick the Maryland 
State Corn Breeders' Association. The 
general objects and plan of the organi- 
zation was modelled in the main after 
that of the Illinois Corn Breeders' As- 
sociation, with such modifications as 
seemed necessary to meet the condi- 
tions prevailing in Maryland. The 
membership includes farmers in Fred- 
erick, Montgomery, Carroll, Harford 
and Prince George's counties. The fol- 
lowing officers were elected: Colum- 
bus D. Kemp, of Frederick, president; 
Joseph T. Hoopes, Bynum, Harford 
county, vice-president; Charles C. 
Waters, Frederick, secretary-treasurer. 
These three members, with W. L. 
Amoss, of Benson, Harford county, and 
G. A. T. Snouffer, Adamstown, Frede- 
rick county, constitute the Board of 
Directors of the association. 

H. J. Pattekson. Director. 



MPION MOW 



CUT 



)EAWI\G tlie finger baa- of a mower from a point ahead instead of pushing it from behind 
gives the wheels more traction and the machine more power. This is the reason for th>; great 
cutting power of the Champion, just as it was the reason for the great cutting power of the old rear 
cut mowers. The Champion is front cut, but it is also draw cut, and combines the cutting power 
and durability of the old rear cut mowers with the safety and convenience of the modern front cuts. 
The Champion draws the finger bar entirely— it does not push It in the least, and in this Important 
particular is not equalled by any other. The Champion has other valuable improvements, among 
them a simple and effective lining device for the finger bar, and a superb pitman having new 
and improved ball and socket connections both to the knife and to the fly wheel. No cramping or 
binding is possible with the Champion pitman, while provision is made for taking up wear and lost 
motion, preventing pounding and breakage. The fly wheel pin is at all times surrounded by oil, which 
cannot be thrown out and wasted by the revolution of the fly wheel, thus preventing heating and wear 
at this important aud heretofore troublesome point on a mower. Write for catalog describing this won- 
derful modern mower, al?o Champion hay rakes and binders. Hands Jine calendar free if requested. 

CHAMPION DIVISION, INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA. CHICAGO. 




BERK5HIRES. 



Imported Sir John Bull, No. 3609— B. H. B. 
Imported Dansfield Roland, No. 60528— B. H. B. 
Imported Columbia, No. 60527— B. H. B. 
Imported Royal Carlisle, No. 4841— B. H. B. 
And that Immensely Princely Hog 
Uncle Sam, No. 7233 are the sires of my Spring and Summer offerings of 
pigs. Does this list of Royalty suit your fancy? They represent the most famous 
Berkshire breeders of England. Fancy stock, moderate price 

Hunting Dogs an( i pups for sale. Setter pups, $5.00 each. 
Short Horn (Durham Cattle) for sale. Write for particulars. 

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Va. 



to breed 



positively guarantee 

the VEJUY BE^r strains of 



We m 
an'd ship 
thoroughbred registered LARGE 

ENGLISH BERKSHIRE 

Hogs lor LESS MuNEY than any other 
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our 
stock considered Send us your order 
and we will satisfy you both in price 
and stock. WALTER B. FLEMING, 




Proprietor of the Bridle Creek Stock Farm, Warrenton 



Ghloro - Naphthoteum Dip 



A money-maker for the live stock owner, because It kills Lice, and cures Mange, Itch, 
Scabs. Contagious Abortion and otber diseases that pull down tbe health and cause live 
stock losses. It saves money and makes money for the 11- e stock owner. 

A page of this paper couldn't tell the whole story. Better send for our free booklet, and 
tell us If vou want It for f'attle. Hogs, Sheep. Poultry or Horses. 
Agents wanted. THE WEST DISINPbCTINQ CO.. Inc. 30 East 59th St., New York. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



351 



r 



t J -4'-A J^Aii 



t 




.©©pet Sme Bm 30 

At COOPERSBURG, PA* 



A PLEASED BUYER IS THE BEST ADVERTISEMENT. 

The imported Jersey Cattle sold at our May, 1 002, Auction Sale have given universal satis- 
faction. My most sanguine expectations have b?en more than realized. How could it be other- 
wise 1 Individually, they were strictly FIRST-CLASS. 

BEST OF ALL, they were bred on both dam and sire's side from animals that have made 
the Island cattle so famous — the blood that wins at the churn and in the show-ring. 

Catalogues ready for distribution April 20th. Owing to great cost publishing same, they will 
only be sent on application. Address 

T. S. COOPER, ''Linden Grove," Coopersburg, Pa. 

P. S. — Would respectfully request parties who are in want of an extra fine bull calf, or a few 
fine heifer calves, that they send for a catalogue, which will give them full particulars, and if they 
are not able to attend the sale in person, that they send in their bids, and they will receive the same 
attention as if the buyer was a bidder himself. It is with pride that we refer to parties that have 
entrusted such orders to us. This will be a rare chance to get calves out of the very best cows the 
Island can furnish, and sired by prize winning bulls, and they will not cost you more than others 
that have no breeding.: — T. S. C. 



«B JH JH JS J* »_9* *fl* *&* t^r> *^* *^* t&b •.?* *.?* v^* ^* '.»'* ^?* •■£* <^* v5* ^* ^* t^* <^* ^* ^* %E& J* J* w* *2* v* ^* ^* fc?* i&* <£r> 1&& *2fr t^fc <&* 'Jpi i£& t,5* r£* t$& (,5* t^* ti$* ti?* (5* *&^ 



BILTMORE FARMS, = Biltmore, N. C. 

Headquarters for GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS, 

Also Qet o( TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGO LD. * j» * 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JERSEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show ring. 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for 
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many 
of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. 



JL Jt 



BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. 



j- jfi 



SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs from our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last two seasons. If you want winners you 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 



apply to BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c. 
K'K'K'K'iririririririPirirjririPjf »r jcrirjcic $r »r *• tr jc «r tr jc ** *r ** »c k* K" K" *c »c »r ir ** ** K" *r ir ir «c $r *• *> * 



1ft 
1ft 
V. 
1ft 
1ft 
1ft 
1ft 

1ft 
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ift 

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1t 
% 



352 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



MAGAZINES. 

Leading in interest, as well as or- 
der, in the May Century is Arthur 
Schneider's story of his sixteen 
months's close connection with the 
Sultan of Morocco. The American ar- 
tist was the instructor and daily com- 
panion of the Sultan from November, 
1900, to March, 1902, an intimacy never 
before permitted between an eastern 
despot and an American citizen. Mr. 
Schneider tells in the May number, 
following an introduction by Talcott 
Williams, of his arrival and reception 
in Morocco, his first meeting with, and 
impressions of, the Sultan, and the 
often laughable experiences with his 
odd pupil. There are plenty of illus- 
trations, some of them being reproduc- 
tions of the royal student's work. 

Henry Loomis Nelson, one of the 
best equipped critics of public affairs 
in the United States, tells in the May 
Century of "The Hampered Executive." 
Mr. Nelson's article on "The Over- 
shadowing Senate" in the February 
Century called forth widespread com- 
met, editors and public men declaring 
it suggestive, interesting and "a most 
trenchant arraignment of the growing 
despotism of the so-called 'upper 
chamber' of Congress." "It is difficult 
for the ordinary citizen to under- 
stand," writes Mr. Nelson of this im- 
portant phase of our national life, 
"why the President cannot accomplish 
any desire or effect any purpose which 
he may feel or upon which he may de- 
termine." And from this text Mr. Nel- 
son goes on to explain and define the 
probabilities and limitations of the 
American presidency. 

Ray Stannard Baker's Great North- 
west series this month takes up "The 
Conquest of the Forest" in what one 
critic calls his "crisp and picturesque 
way." The story of the Great North- 
west forest, a Continent long, 200 miles 
wide, is as thrilling and fascinating 
as any tale of adventure, and Mr. 
Baker has been able to transfuse into 
a magazine article something of the 
spirit of the mighty woods. Other 
features of more than ordinary worth 
are: William T. Arnold's memories 
of his father, the younger Thomas Ar- 
nold, father also of Mrs. Humphrey 
Ward; the second installment of Her- 
man Klein's modern musical celebri- 
ties, giving this month delightfully 
intimate glimpses of Adelina Patti; a 
discussion by Professor Edward L. 
Thorndike of Teachers' College, Co- 
lumbia University, New York, of "The 
Careers of Scholarly Men in America"; 
Alice Katharine Fallows's "Athletics 
for College Girls"; Mrs. Fields's esti- 
mate of Mme. Blanc, Th. Bentzon; a 
description, generously illustrated 
from Copley prints, of Sargent's "Re- 
demption" in the Boston Public Li- 
brary; another chapter of Lillie Ham- 
ilton French's "My Old Maid's Cor- 
ner"; descriptions and pictures by 
Charles R. and Annis Hardcastle 
Knight of the Tasmanian wolf, and an 
account of of five hundred farmers' 



4» 



4* 

4* 
4» 
4* 



4* 



A Positive Certainty 



WE ask you to take nothing for granted. We say that we 
can supply the Spring Suit or Top-Coat with as much 
satisfaction to you as any custom tailor in this country. 
But there are none of the risks of trying a new tailor. Here are 
ours — ready for you to put on. You put them on — see exactly 
how they fit, how they look on YOU; that the pattern is becoming. 
The making and the details you investigate on the spot. The good 
opinion of first impression we guarantee will last as long as the 
suit or coat does. 

It's no longer a matter of compulsion to go to the tailor. 
There's equal satisfaction right here, with economy of time and 
cost on our side. 

But the Gans-Rady perfection mustn't be accepted as a pre- 
cedent for all ready-for-wear clothing. There's as much differ- 
ence in that as there is in custom tailors. 



(jans=J^ady Company. 

100S Main St (Opposite P. O.) Richmond, Va. 



We Have Some EXTRA CHOICE 

Berkshire Boar Pigs 

READY FOR SHIPMENT, AND OTHERS 
SOON TO BE READY. 

THEY ARE FINE, AND FROM PROLIFIC SOWS 
7, 9 AND 13 TO LITTER. 



FOREST HOflE FARM, 



Purcellville, Va. 



fcsf S4 f M f ss f^ 



HOLSTEINS THAT PAY. 

Purchasers are offered selections from our herd, both male and female; 
our cows are of the leading strain, including De Kols, Pauline Pauls, 
Mechthildes, Hengervelds, Netherlands, Aggies, etc., etc. They are all 
well bred and milking from 40 to 65 lbs. per day. Herd headed by Ury 
ALWINA Count Paul De Kol and De Kol 29 Butter Boy 3rd No. 2. 

THOS. FASSITT &, SONS, Ury Stock Farm, Sylmar, Md. 



THE 
OAKS 



5HORTHORN5 



FOR 
SALE 



2. Reg. Bull Calves; 2 Reg. Cows; 1 three-year-old Reg. Bull (immune) raised 
south of Petersburg, Va. All right in every particular. 

B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City. Va. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHE KN PLANTER 



353 



successful economic experiments in 
Iowa. 

Of the fiction of the May Century 
perhaps most readers will turn first to 
Sara Jeanette Duncan's long short 
story, "The Pool in the Desert." The 
chapters of "The Yellow Van" continue 
in interest, and the Pa Gladden story 
of the month tells of "The Drought." 
Eden Phillpott's 'Joseph" is quaintly 
humorous. 

The dedication" of the St. Louis 
world's fair is the occasion of a bril- 
liant series of articles in the May Re- 
view of Reviews on the Louisiana Pur- 
chase and its results, the exposition 
in forecast and the city of St. Louis. 
The same number has an outline of the 
plans formed for the municipal expo- 
sition to be held at Dresden this sum- 
mer, and the noteworthy features of 
several other European fairs and con- 
gresses are summarized in an article 
on the great gatherings of the summer 
and autumn at home and abroad. The 
character sketch of the month is by 
Mr. W. T. Stead, his subject being the 
Right Hon. George Wyndham, whose 
name has been immortalized by its 
connection with the Irish land bill in- 
troduced last month in the British Par- 
liament. An illustrated article by Mr. 
F. N. Stacy describes the great ships 
for the Pacific trade being built at New 
London, Conn., for Mr. James J. Hill. 
There are several pages of illustrated 
notes on the spring fiction and other 
new books, and "The Progress of the 
World," "Cartoon Comments" and 
other editorial departments are mark- 
ed by a distinctive freshness and time- 
liness. 



The May St. Nicholas begins the se- 
cond half of Volume XXX. of that 
popular magazine for children of all 
ages, and seems an especially rich 
number. Every lad will turn first 
of all to the record of G. W. Orton's 
articles on "Training for Interscholas- 
tic Athletics." Mr. Orton, who is the 
2-mile world's steeplechase champion, 
as well as a doctor of philosophy, 
treats his subject from the viewpoint 
of both the school-boy and the trainer. 
He tells young athletes this month 
about the broad jump, the high jump, 
the pole vault, the hammer throw, how 
to train for these events and how to 
secure good all-around results. Re- 
productions of notably animated pho- 
tographs add life and interest to the 
sketch. 

J. M. Gleeson, who stands at the 
head of animal painters of the day, 
contributes to the May St. Nicholas for 
frontispiece "The Game-Keeper's 
Daughter" and a sketch under the 
same title. Alice Gertrude Field's 
"Remorse Two-Step" is pronounced by 
every reader a 'rattling good story." 
Hannibal, the lion presented to the 
New York Zoologicol Park by Mr. An- 
drew Carnegie, has been interviewed; 
and the interview, together with a 
full-page likeness of Hannibal, is a 
feature of the number. The story of 





A WASHING MACHINE is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer 

THE MAJESTIC ROTARY WASHER 

has too many good points for explanation in an ad- 
vertisement. Your name on a postal card will bring 
our booklet, with full particulars of our six different 
machines and how to get thein. One of them will 
certainly please you. All are made with electrically 
welded wire hoops sunk in grooves— our patent Being 
tbe largest manufacturers of woodenware in the world, 
we can make better machines for the money than any 
one else. If you want a machine that washes, buy 
one of ours. 

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va. 



VIRGINIA DIVISION. 

Farmers Mutual Benefit Association 

A Fire Insurance Association, chartered by the State of Virginia, for 
farmers, under an amended and well protected plan. 

Insures in counties surrounding and accessible to Richmond, against Fire and 
Lightuing, only country property — aio stores or unsafe risks. Policy-holders amply 
secured — all legitimate losses paid. Average cost per year less than other plans, 
and a great saving to farmers. Amount of property now insured, $330,000, and in- 
creasing yearly. Estimated security in real and other estate, $750,000. 

For further information, address, CHAS. N. FRIEND, General Agent. 

MENTION THIS JOURNAL. CHESTER, VIRGINIA' 



AS SETS » $900 .000* 

Virginia Fire and Marine 

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va. 

Insures Against Fire and Lightning. 

ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF PROPERTY IN COUNTRY AND TOWS, PRIVATE OR PUBLIC 
INSURED AT FAIR RATE*, ON ACCOMMODATING TERMS. 

AGENCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY. 
WM. H. PALMER, President. W. H. M'CARTHY, Secretary. 



354 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 



"Dick, the Sea Gull," is a true one, 
vouched for hy Captain Edward Fo 
garty, of Brenton's Reef Lightship. 

As is fitting in a May number, seve 
ral articles deal interestingly with 
outdoor topics. Aside from G. W, 
Orton's valuable sketch, Allan Leigh 
tells of some "Strange Nest-Builders." 
John Russell Coryell relates the expe- 
riences of "The Artist, the Sparrow 
and the Boy," and Nature and Science 
has valuable information on myste- 
rious spring sounds, herring ways, 
homes under the hark, woodchucks, 
meadow lark and other interesting 
topics. 



Lippincott's Magazine keeps up its 
reputation for publishing a strong, 
bright novel each month by presenting 
in the May number one of even more 
than usual interest by George Gibbs. 
This is called "The Love of Monsieur," 
and, as the title implies, it is Frenchy, 
with a hero who is "a damon for suc- 
cess with petticoats." His last love is 
a fetching conception, well worth the 
quarrels she provokes. With Mr. 
Gibbs's grace in writing and an extra- 
ordinarily fine plot there is left noth- 
ing to be desired in this very fasci- 
nating tale. 

Among the short stories there is one 
hy Seumas MacManus, called "Caitlin 
Dhu." The fight between Irish rivals 
is described in a way which stirs 
sporting blood. 

Readers have come to look with 
eagerness for Ella Middleton Tybout's 
darky parable sketches. "Ananias of 
Poketown" will not disappoint those 
who seek amusement, and Miss Tybout 
has a gift for writing dialect which 
makes it as easy to read as rolling off 
a log." 

"The Sorrow of a Setter," hy Cy 
Warnian, is a pathetic tale of a hunt- 
ing dog's old age, vividly set forth. 

Clifford Howard's lively little story 
called "The Winning of Margaret Mer- 
lin, " tells cleevrly how two men waste 
time trying to settle which one shall 
have the first chance with the girl 
they both love. Meanwhile, the girl 
settles it for herself, by marrying the 
"dark horse," so to speak. 

The name Montgomery B. Corse is 
not a familiar one, therefore, his ad- 
mirable story called "How Putz Lost 
His Job," will attract attention, both 
for the way it is done and because of 
its timeliness to the labor question. 



THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE 
AMERICAN GUERNSEY CAT- 
TLE CLUB. 
The annual meeting of the Ameri- 
can Guernsey Cattle Club will be held 
at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, 
on May 13th, at 10:30 A. M. The year 
Just closing is the twenty-fifth since 
the establishment of the register and 
organization of the club, and has been 
a very successful one for Guernsey 
interests. 
William H. Caldwell, Secretary, 

Peterboro, N. H. 



Etegislereu HEREFORD CH1TLE. 

Service Bulls ; Imported Salisbury 76059 (19083). Lars Jr. 85297. 

FOR SALE— A choice lot of bull calves and yearling bulls The bull calves sold recently 
weighed 600 lbs. at 6 mos old. Call and make your own selection Prices right. 

MURRAY BOOCOCK, Owners, Keswick, Va. 



^• H - l - ^^ ^^ I - ; ^^ ^ ■ I ■■ ^ ■ I ■^ I " l ■^ ^ ^ I " I - I ^^ I ^ < ■■ I - I ■■ I ^ ^ - ^ ■ I ^^ l H^ ^ " ^ • I ^■ I ^ < " I ^^ ^ ^ I ~ I " I •^ ^ ^ I ^ < ■^ ^< ^^ l ^^ ^ ■ ^ ^ I ■^ I ■^ l ■■ I ■■ l ^■ I ^^ I ^ 

mBBEFOKD CATTI 

T Annefield Herd Richly bred in " Anxiety " Blood and Headed 

* by the Sweepstakes Winner at Kansas City 1901, 

t PRINCE RUPERT No. 79539. 

t FEE, $25.00 FOR THE SEASON OF 1903. 

V Correspondence Solicited. Inspection Invited. 

± ANNEFIELD FARMS, - Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. 






, *»"*T*^**i**i**i**i*' 



M 



Bacon Hall Farm. 

Hereford registered Cattle 

"TOP" BREEDING, CALVES NOT AKIN. 
MOTTO— Satisfaction or no sale. 



E. M. GILLET & SON, 



Glencoe, flaryland. 



% 







NOW OFFERS ^f FOR SALE 

-Calves, entitled to registration, $7.3 to $100. Grade Calves by "SirEd- 



HEREFORO CATTLE, 
ward" $25 to $40. 

SHROPSHIRE sheep.— Bufkn, one veRr old and over, S15to?20. Buck Lambs, July delivery, 
•10 to 812. Ewe Lambs, July delivery, $8 and 110. 

POLAND-CHINA HOGS.— Pigs, six weeks old, $5. Pigs, two or three months old. 17. 00. Pigs, 
five months and over, $15 to $20. 

m. bronze turkeys.— Toms, $t. Hens $3. Eggs, per sitting of 12, when in season, $4. 

MUSOOVY DUCKS.— Pure White Drakes, $1.25. Pure White Ducks, $1. Pairs, $2.25. Trios, $3. 

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 

ROUEN GEESE.— Ganders, $2.50. Geese, 32. 50. Eggs, per sitting, $3. 

WILLIAM L , Jr., No. 21058, half brother of Axtell, will serve a limited number of mares for $25 
the season. Mares boarded at lowest figures per month. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



355 



THISTLE 




LAIDLAWS 

CONCENTRATED TOBACCO POWDER, 

Sheep Dip and Cattle Wash. 



A SURE CURE FOR THE EXTERMINATION OF 

SCAB AND TICK IN SHEEP. LICE ON HORSES AND CATTLE. 

LICE ON HOGS. MANGE ON DOGS. 



Kills all vermin. Allays all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on flesh. J | 

ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS. 
PRICES: 5=lb. bag, 75c; 10=lb. bag, $1.25; 25-lb. bag, $2-60: 50=lb. bag, $5.00. 

One 50-lb. bag makes 500 gallons Dip for scab, and 1,000 gaUons for Tick, etc. 

[fo SOLE MANUFACTURERS, 

LAIDLAW, MACKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A. 

To BK HAD AT ALL LEADING DRUG STORES. 



HI1PEB1HL FBU1T bud poultbt F H B III 

Is now booking orders for Eggs from the best strains and careful matings of 

Barred, Buff and White Fly mouth Rocks, 
Silver=Laced and White Wyandottes, 
S. C. B. Leghorns and Mammoth Pekin Ducks, 
AT $1.00 PER SITTING. 
EGGS FROM BLACK DEVIL PIT GAMES. 

Never known to run. The grittiest of all games. $2.00 PER SITTING. 

We give 15 Chicken and 13 Duck Eggs lor sitting. Order at once. 
Write name and address plainly. Remember the express is no more on 2 or 3 sittings than on I. 
Refer to Augusta National Bank and former patrons. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded 

P. H. HEYDENREICH, - Staunton, Va. 



356 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



REPORTS. 



u. 






S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. Bureau of 
Chemistry. Bulletin 7. A Study 
of Cider Making in France, Ger- 
many and England. 

Office of Experiment Stations. Ex- 
periment Station Record. Vol. 
XIV., No. VIII. 

Office of Experiment Stations. 
Bulletin 125. A Digest of Recent 
Experiments on Horse Feeding. 

Division of Statistics. Bulletin 24. 
Relations of Population and Food 
Products in United States. 

Farmers' Bulletin, No. 165. Silk 
worm Culture. 

Farmers' Bulletin, No. 166. Cheese 
Making on the Farm. 

Division of Foreign Markets. Cir- 
cular 25. Our Foreign Trade in 
Agricultural Products, 1903. 

Bureau of Forestry. President 
Roosevelt on Forestry and Fores- 
ters. 
Alabama Experiment Station, Auburn, 
Ala. Bulletin 122. Grazing and 
Feeding Experiments with Pigs. 

Bulletin 124. The Horticultural 
Law. Notes on Some of the In- 
sects and Fungous Diseases Affect- 
ing Horticultural Crops. 
Colorado Experiment Station, Fort 
Collins, Col. Bulletin 77. Inves- 
tigation of the Great Plains. Un- 
irrigated Lands of Eastern Colo- 
rado. 

Bulletin 78. The Tomato Industry 
of the Arkansas Valley. 

Bulletin 79. Treatment of Stinking 
Smut in Wheat. 

Bulletin 80. Laying Down of Peach 
Trees. 

Bulletin 81. Onion Growing. 

Press Bulletin. The Prairie-Dog as 
a Range Pest. 

Press Bulletin. Trials of Maccaroni 
Wheat by Dry Farming, 1902. 

Press Bulletin. Crops for Unirri- 
gated Lands. 
Hatch Experiment Station, Amherst, 
Mass. Bulletin 87. Cucumbers 
Under Glass. 
Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana, 
111. Bulletin 83. Feeds Supple- 
mentary to Corn for Fattening 
Steers. 

Bulletin 84. Dairy Conditions and 
Suggestions for Their Improve- 
ment. 
Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 
Topeka, Kan. Report of the State 
Board of Agriculture, Quarter 
Ending March, 1903. Railroads 
and Agriculture. 
Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Bulletin 87. The Peri- 
odical Cicada, or 17-Year Locust. 
Maryland Bureau of Statistics, Balti- 
more, Md. Eleventh Annual Re- 
port, 1902. 
Minnesota Experiment Station, St. 
Anthony Park, Minn. Bulletin 78. 
Experiments in Sheep husbandry. 

Bulletin 79. Investigation in Milk 
Production. 

Bulletin 80. Alfalfa— Its Chemical 



MRS. LEA'S 



AND BUTTER PURIFIER. 



Removes all Weed, Garlic, Vegetable and Animal Odor and Taint 
from the milk and in no way injures the cow to which it is fed. 

Washington, D. C. 
The trial of your "Purifier" made at my 
request interests me very much and strength- 
ens my conviction that this "Purifier" is an 
article which, if it continues to produce the 
results attained the present season, is des- 
tined to be of great importance and value 
iu many dairying districts of this country. 
HENRY E. AL.VORD, 
Chief of Dairy Division, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

Horseshoe, Rapidan, Va. 

Gentlemen,— I take pleasure in giving unsolicited testimony to the complete efficiency 
of your 'Purifier.'" I have given it the severest possible test on my dairy herd of fifty 
cows, in pastures so infested with garlic that hitherto I have had to keep them shut up 
in a dry lot until June. This spring I have grazed them on garlic day and night, with 
no long food, and the milk is absolutely free from any foreign flavor. At the Episco- 
pal High School, near Alexandria, Va., the results have been equally satisfactory under 
similar circumstances. I, therefore, recommend it without any qualification. 

Yours truly, 

JOSEPH WILMER. 

M'f'd by VIRGINIA CATTLE FOOD COMPANY, Danville, Virginia. 




Write us for prices and further information. 



Reg. H O L S T E I N-F R I E S I A N 

CATTLE of the Netherland, De Kol, Clothilde, Pietf rtje 

and Artis families. Heavy milkers aud rich in butter 

fat. Stock of all ages for sale. 

From noted strains. Imported Headlight, Lord 
-Highclere and Sunrise. 



Reg. BERKSHIRES 



DORSET SHEEFt 



B. PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS, 



N. & W. and Southern R. R. 



T. O. SANDY, Burke ville, Va. 



X 



X 
X 



x ClSMONT DORSETS 8 



CISMONT STUCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



X 



Prices Reasonable. 



G. S. UNDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Va. 



30 YEARS SELLING DIRECT 




We are the largest manufacturers of vehicles 
and harness in the world selling 
sumers exclusively. 
WE HAVE NO AGENTS 

but ship anywhere for 
examination! guaran- 
teeing safe delivery. 
Ton are out nothing 
if not satisfied. We 
make 195 styles of ve* 
hictes and 65 style* of 
harness. 

Vi«l tors are always ««!• 
corns at oar Factory. 

ELKHART CARRIAGE & 




1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



i57 



Development, Feeding Value and 
Digestibility. Digestibility of Hog 
Millet. 

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin- 
coln, Neb. Bulletin 79. Experi- 
ments in Orchard Culture. 

New Hampshire Experiment Station, 
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 96. Four- 
teenth Annual Report. 
Bulletin 99. A Selected List of 
Vegetables for the Garden. 

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O. 
Bulletin 138. Experiments with 
Oats. 
Press Bulletin. The Lime Sulphur 
Salt Wash for San Jose Scale. 

Virginia State Horticultural Society, 
Walter Whateley, Secretary, Cro- 
zet, Va. Report for the Year 1902. 
This is a valuable report, and 
ought to be in the hands of every 
orchardist in the State. 

Virginia Department of Agriculture, 
Richmond, Va. Bulletin, April, 
1902. Analyses of Fertilizers. 

Virginia (Hampton Institute), Hamp- 
ton, Va. Nature Study. Leaflet. 
A Child's Garden. 
How to Make Friends with the 
Birds. 

Virginia Weather Service .Richmond, 
Va. Report for March, 1903. 

Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madi- 
son, Wis. Nineteenth Annual Re- 
port for Year Ending June, 1902. 
Bulletin 97. Licensed Commercial 

Feeding Stuffs. 
Bulletin 98. On the Prevention of 

Oat Smut and Potato Scab. 
Bulletin 99. Concentrated Feeding 
Stuffs and Fertilizers Licensed for 
Sale in Wisconsin, 1903. 

Imperial Department of Agriculture 
for the West Indies, Barbados, W. 
I. Agricultural News. 

CATALOGUES. 
Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1902- 
1903. The present condition and out- 
look at the Virginia Polytechnic In- 
stitute and the necessity for the ap- 
propriations asked for building and 
equipment, and for increase of an- 
nuity. 



Bird Lawn Stock Farm for the care 
of horses. M. S. Bird, Anacostia, D. C. 



Laidlaw's Concentrated Tobacco 
Powder Sheep Dip. Absolutely non- 
poisonous. Laidlaw MacKill Company 
(Limited), Richmond, Va. 



White Minorcas. F. S. Bullington, 
Richmond, Va. 



The Hallock Quadruple Cultivator 
and Weeder. The Hallock Weeder and 
Cultivator Company, York, Pa. 



The Studebaker Sprinkling Wagons. 
Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing 
Company, South Bend, Ind. 



The International Stock Food Com- 
pany, Minneapolis, Minn. Owners of 
the great pacing stallion, Roy Wilkes, 
206V 2 . Race history of Roy Wilkes. 



ARMOURS BLOOD MEALTf 

First proved by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and sines 

corroborated by thousands of leading stockmen who have used it without 

a single failure. Equally effective for the diarrhea of all animals. 

PREVENTS weak bones, paralysis of the hind legs and "thumps" 

in pigs; "big head" of foals; "rickets" of all young animals; 

abortion due to incomplete nutrition, and a host of other troubles. 

A Potent Food for Work Horses, Dairy Cows, Poultry. 

Write us for booklet giving valuable information about Blood Meal and our 
other feeding products. Consult us free of charge regarding stock diseases. 

THE ARMOUR FERTILIZER WORKS, 

Chicago. Omaha. Baltimore. Atlanta. Jacksonville. 



2t£ 



IKS 



K vf, Vi* x±>4 Kveswg W6 8W§ vi« m$ 



EGGS FOR HATCHING 



From Fowls of High Merit, Fresh, and a Good Hatch 
Guaranteed of the following varieties : — 

PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BROWN LEGHORNS, WHITE 

LEGHORNSand PEKIN DUCKS at $1.00 per sitting of 15 

BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, $3.00 per dozen. 

Jersey and Guernsey Cattle and Berkshire Pigs. Four handsome 
Great Danes and three Fox Territr Puppies. 



M. B. ROWE & CO., 



m 
m 

-1 . - 

«tS8 

m 



V/#5,\!//Wl« KM *M// V< *tf« >■ <? W SM« »*«**' 

»/r$ »r««TS»T«»TA^xS'/rS ■•-i\ fa S »W§ 'i*S»/i\\ 



Fredericksburg, Va. $% 

v<? • »"<? v 1 '/ V'' $«e s&^s^swgsw* ■'•'•'• 5^ ^^ v-i? **« 



EASTERN SHORE POULTRY FARM. 

S. C. White, Brown and Buff Leghorns. 

THE EGG MACHINES OF POULTBYDOM. 

The record at such shows as Washington, D. C, Philadelpnia and New York 

proves the quality of my stock is second to none. I always breed my winners. 

Correspondence cheerfully answered. 

A. C. VAN DEMAN, LEGHORN SPECIALIST, PARKSLEY, VA. 



INCUBATORS ON 30 DAYS' TRIAL. THE WORLD'S BEST STANDARD HATCHER. 

Thousands of these incubators are in successful 
operation in the United States, Canada, South 
Africa, New Zealand, Sweden, England. Holland, 
and Germany These machines operate to perfec- 
tion and always bring off a laige brood of strong, 
healthy chicks. Catalogue with full particulars 
r*e for the asking. The Standard F. C. Incubator Co., Dept. B, kochester, N. Y., TJ. R. A 





THERE'S A HEN ON 



All the time, doing her duty and ranking yon easy money, when 
you install The llawkeye Incubator. 
Made in sizes to suit your needs, from 60 
eggs to 200, all of the finest and most approv- 
ed construction and guaranteed in. every 
particular. Our little price includes every- 
thing needed. We send our incubators on 
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL. Sendforfree 
illustrated catalogue describing fully all 
sizes of Hawkeye Incubators and Brooders, 
mentioning this paper, or send 10c and we 
will send you catalogue and a leading poul- 
try paper for one year. 

HAWKEYE INCUBATOR CO.. Box 49, Newton, Iowa. 



\*>* 



} 



SLUG SHOT 



Kills Insects on flelons, Potatoes, 
Cabbage and Flowers. 

SOLD BY SEEDSMEN EVERYWHERE. 

Used 22 Years. 
Send for Free Booklet on Brigs and Blights to 
HAMMOND, FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON, NEW YORK. 



058 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[Ma 



PROMINENT AGRICULTURISTS TO 
ADDRESS THE EAST, TENNES- 
SEE FARMERS' CONVEN- 
TION. 
Satisfactory progress is being made 
in the preparation of the programme 
for the East Tennessee Farmers' Con- 
vention, to be held in Knoxville, May 
21st to 23d, inclusive. Among those 
who have agreed to be present and de- 
liver addresses are Governor James 
B. Frazier on "The Greatest Need of 
Tennessee"; Professor Thomas Shaw, 
Professor of Animal Husbandry, Uni- 
versity of Minnesota, on "Grazing vs. 
Stall Feeding" and the "Practical 
Judging of Beef Cattle"; Professor W. 
F. Massey, editor the Practical Farmer, 
on "The Cow Pea for Soil Restoration" 
and "The Development of Truck 
Farming"; Hon. W. W. Ogilvie, Com- 
missioner of Agriculture, on "What 
the State is Doing for the Farmer"; 
Professor W. J. Spillman, Agrostolo- 
gist, United States Department of Ag- 
riculture, on "Forage Crops for the 
South"; Professor M. 0. Eldridge, 
United States Department of Agricul- 
ture, on "The Construction of Good 
Roads"; Professor S. A. Mynders, 
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
on "The Rural Schools." 

In addition to the abve several mem- 
bers of the Tennessee Experiment Sta- 
tion staff will deliver addresses cover- 
ing specific experiments now in pro- 
gress at the station and of general in- 
terest to all the people of the Middle 
South. More than fifty of the most 
progressive farmers of Tennessee will 
read papers or lead in discussions. 
Those attending can be reasonably 
certain of hearing every one of the 
gentlemen mentioned, because they 
have all signified their intention of be- 
ing present. The Farmers' Conven- 
tion stands for education, for opportu- 
nity and for progress in southern agri- 
culture. Do not forget the dates, nor 
the fact that the railroads give a 
single fare to the meeting. If your 
name is not ou the mailing list, kindly 
send it to the secretary at Knoxville, 
and he will gladly furnish you with 
a copy of the programme, which will 
shortly be issued. 



MOLES. 
About ten years ago I had a beauti- 
ful lawn, and it was literally cut up 
by moles. I offered $50 to any man 
who would make a trap that would 
catch them. Not getting any relief, 
I had a blacksmith make a small 
grub-hoe, or mattock. I would look 
over my lawn and see where their 
work was freshest, and then watch 
for them again. After waiting a short 
time I would see the earth rising up 
in a ridge ,when I would take my 
grub-hoe and get immediately in front 
of the mole with my face toward him 
and my hoe raised, and the instant 
he would bunch up the ground I would 
strike about four inches behind him 
and four or five inches deep, bear 
down, then pull toward me, and pull 



jj> jf. jf.^. jf. }?> j? j? j? jf jf j? j? jf jfjp |fjf j?jf jr jf ip jp jr ip if jr ir ir ir»r ipipip; 

1ft 
1ft 
1ft 



FRUITS and 
VEGETABLES 

ARE LARGELY INCREASED 
IN YIELD, AND GREATLY 
IMPROVED BY THE USE OF 

SPRAY PUMPS. 



Write for new catalogues and price-lists. 

Our pumps are used by the Virginia and North 

Carolina Agricultural Departments. 

SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO., Inc., 

Box 946, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



GASOLINE ENGINES, WIND MILLS, RAMS, 

TANKS. WATER SUPPLY CONTRACTORS. 

ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS. 



•ift 
A 



Cut shows a Kerosene Sprayer which can 
be used for any other mixture. 




RUM SE Y- WILLI A M S COM PA NY 





"^i^HiMl 



GASOLINE ENGINES anc 
GRAIN THRESHERS. 

ST. JOHNSVILLE. NEW YORK. 



ENGINES AND SEPARATORS 

The Farquhar threshing machinery is the perfected product of the pioneer manufacturers of 
drain Separators andThre*hiii£ Inline*. It's the most durable aud cheapest thresh- 
ing outfit a farmer can buy. The Celebrated Ajax TbroKhlntr Engines, made in 
sizes from 4h. p. up, have seats, foot brakes, and two injectors. Provided ■with, every approved 
Bafety appliance. Farquhar Separators have every advoD 
tage of capacity, thoroughness of separation, simplicity and 
durability. Every part thoroughly tested. Made iu all 
styles and sizes. Send for free catalogue of Engines, 
Threshing Machinery, Saw Mills, etc. 




A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd. 
York, Pa. 




Where to Sell Your WQQI_ 



WE ARE THE LEADING DEALERS IN THE WCOL TRADE IN VIRGINIA. 

HIGHEST MAKKKT PRICE PAID, and no Commission, Freight, &c. 
charged SACKS FURNISHED FREE. Checks remitted promptly. 
Correspond with us when ready to sell 

THE WALLERSTEIN PRODUCE CO., 19&21 So. I3thst., RiCHnOND, Va- 

References : American National Bank and Richmond merchants generally. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



359 



Big Bargains in Farm Supplies 

First Class Material, Merchandise and Machinery at Sacrifice Prices, 



\ Plumbing 
Supplies 

I Porcelain Bowl, Han 



For 
Bath 
Room 

Porcelain Bowl, Hardwood Seat and 
Tank, Nickel Plated Bush and supply 
pipes, complete each $10.00. 
Cut Iron Bath Tab*. 
length s ft. 
Complete with 
full set nickel 

Slated fittings, each 
11.00. They are new 
f;oods, ask for free catal- 
ogue of our full line of plumbing supplies. 




Barbed and Smooth 

M#« ma Write for our prices on 2 and 4 
■/•** «r point Barbed wire, painted and 

galvanized :*auo, 65.000 pounds 
SMOOTH GALVANIZED WIRE SHORTS 

Gauges: 10. 11, 12, 13 and 14. Price $1.40 per 

hundred lbs. We also handle other kinds, 

write us your wants. 



Steel Roofing 



I Strictly new, perfect. Semi* 
Hardened Steel Sheets,' a feet 
wide.6 feet long. The best Roof 
Inf. Siding or Celling you can 
use. We furnish nails tree and 
paint roofing red two sides. 
Comes either flat, corrugated or 
•V'crimped. Delivered freeof all 
charges to all points inU.S. eastof Mississippi 

SrSSL'SrS $2.25 PER SQUARE 

Prices to other points on application. A 
square means 100 square feet. *) 




Telephones at 

06: CZ naTB Each one is guar- 
«P9*W anteed to be in per- 
fect order before leaving our plant. 
We are able to offer you an instru- 
ment for $5.00 that would cost 
you twice as much elsewhere. We 
carry a full stock of supplies. 
Send for Phone Catalogue. 



£*Y>sf#/sf#*l/ izeo" No. 19 poultry netting 
"*"•"■ <W while the supply lasts, at 

Netting iSMSr- 

12 inch $0.45 per bale. 

18 inch O.65 per bale. 

30 inch 1.10 per bale. 

36 inch 1.3s per bale. 

42 inch 1.50 per bale 

Other grades at corresponding! 




Cold Water or Ready Mixed Paints 

' _ . We bought at Receiver's Sale 

P^iifWC; fiom a leading paint house, 
• •""•^ a very large quantity of Cold 
Water Paints and Ready Mixed Paints. Equal 
in grade to any on the market. 

Here is a Qenulne Paint Bargain. Before 
placing your order, write us for our special 
prices. You can surely save money, without 
sacrificing quality. 



roughi Iron fipe 

Steam, Gas ur Water; sizes Vi to 12 in. diam 
We have in stock 2,000.000 feet of Standard 
black wrought iron pipe, second hand. It is 
in good condition, complete with threads and 
couplings at following prices 

% inch at I l /j cents oer foot. 
Y* inch at 2K cents per foot. 
I inch at 354 cents per foot. 
\y. inch at 4^ cents per foot. 



iasottneEngine$70 

. 2 HORSE POWER 

Absolutely new; most mod- 
ern type. Guaranteed, 
Eumping jack & fixtures & 
ttings for $75. Without 
» pumping jack $70. 

Headquarters for 
Machinery 
Our line of machinery sup- 
plies is almost unlimited. 
Complete stock of Saw All I Is. 
Pumps, Sugar Machinery, 
etc. 
And in fact everything in that line. 




tuilding Material 



Farm Forges S< 

We bought several car loads of new Portable 
Forges at a low price. We have 
also for sale horseshoes, horseshoe 
nails, bl'ksmith tools of all kinds. 
». - 500 doz. single bitted axes 
™«- @ 35c 175 doz. double 
warc bitted ?xes. 2d qual. @ 40c. 
6.000 Dietz Lanterns, few slightly 
ffectedbyjtvater. Write forpi * 




LUMBER. SASH, DOORS. ETC 
: We carry a complete stock of first 
class Building Material of all 
kinds. Send us your bill for 
estimate. 
|l0 CARLOADS OP NEW DOORS 

at $1,00 each 

HARDWARE SUPPLIES 

Write for our catalogue of build- 
er's hardware. The per cent of 

|the dealers profit we can save 

you will prove a revelation, 




SEND FOR CATALOGUE NO. 166 

CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO. 



We issue a complete illustrated catalogue containing prices of which the above are onlv a few samples. 
You ought to have a copy of this book in yonr home or office and we win send it upon .request. 



WEST 35TH AND IRON STREETS, 

CHICAGO. 



out a mole every time. I never missed 
one during the summer. 

Moles have good ears, and when you 
start with your hoe, go on tiptoe, or 
you may have to wait an hour or two 
for them to begin work again. I would 
generally push down with my foot 
the ground where they worked last 
for ten or twelve feet, and then watch 
that, for they always go in the same 
runaway, and will bunch it up again. 
That will be a guide for you. Be sure 
that you are square in front of them 
when you strike. C. G. Johnson. 



SOIL FOR PLANTS IN POTS. 
One of the ever-recurring suestions 
that novices in floriculture ask is 
about potting soil. In his "Home 
Floriculture" Mr. Rexford gives the 
following as the best general purpose 
soil he has ever used: One part of 
ordinary garden loam; one part of 
turfy matter scraped from the lower 
part of sods, containing all the fine 
grass roots possible to secure with it; 
one part of well-rotted manure and 
sand, half and half. If leaf mold can 
be obtained it can be used instead of 
the turf scrapings. We hear a great 
deal about its superiority over the 
other light and spongy soils, but there 
Is really but very little difference be- 
tween it and turfy soil, since both are 
composed largely of vegetable matter. 
In one case the leaves decay and fur- 
nish food for plant growth, and in the 
other the grass roots rot and supply 
nutriment. Leaf mold gives more im- 
mediate effects, because it is already 
decayed, while turf soil must have 
time in which to decay before it is 
fully available. 



I nC UCLUAvrl Kio-ht. sizes, frni 



are Sure Winners' 

Eight sizes, from Farmers'4 h.p. up to 20u h.p 

If Interested, write for large illustrated catalogue of OeLoach Patent Saw Mills to suit any 
power from 4 to 20" h. p ; Shingle Mills, Planers, Edgers, Trimmers, Stave and Lath Mills, Bolt- 
ers, Corn and Buhr Mills, Waler WheelB, etc. To introdure our New Farmers' Saw Mill, fitted 
with DeLoach Patent Variable Friction Feed, we make this special ofler: 

We will deliver on cars at factory our 
No. Pony Farmers' Saw Mill, with Duplex 
Dogs. Improved H»ad Blocks. and Ratch- 
et Set Works, complete as Bhown in cut, 
except it has Carriage made in two 4 foot 
sections, with Rope Drie instead of Rack 
and Pinion, without Saw or Belt, for 
$115.00 Spot Cash! 
With 36" Solid Saw, $127.50; 40", $132.50 

44", $140.00; 48", $150.00. 
With 36"fnserted J aw $147 50: 40",$152.50; 

44", $160.00; 4a", $170 00. 

Best Rubber Belting, 4-ply, 6". 20 cents 

per foot; 8", 30 cents per foot, net. 

No discount from these prices. 

Our Warranty: This mill is warranted to be made In a workman-'ike manner, of first class 
material throughout, and to give perfect satisfaction if operated according to our printed in- 
structions, which are so simple that a boy can understand them Any one with ordinary intelli- 
gence can set and operate without the assistance of an experienced sawyer ; will easi'y cut 2 000 
to 2,500 feet of first class board lumber pej day with only 4 h p. ; 3,000 feet with 6 h. p. ; 4.000 feet 
with 8 h. p. ; is adapted to any kind or size power up to 15 h. p. 

DeLOACH MILL MANUFACTURING CO., Box 600 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. A. 

The DeLoach is the only mill made that is shipped to all parts of the world. Over 10.000 in use 





HEEBNER'S "££,?£?■ HORSE POWER 

and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner 

make the handiest and most economical threshing outfit known. 
| The thresher Is made In throe sixes, 21, 26 and 30 In. cy Under. It It 
mple, easy to handle, light running, strong, durable and effectire 
I machine. Will thresh and clean wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, rice, 
■ alfalfa, millet, sorghum, timothy, etc. Capacity 200 to 600 bus. Re- 
sults perfect Will fit one man or a whole neighborhood equally well. Can be run by steam, (ratline, or any other power 1 f preferred. Tread pnw- 
en for 1, 2 and 8 horses (equal to 2, 4 and 6 horses in lexer power.) Fnrcuttlng dry food. enstl*ze and shelling, sawing wood, pumping, separating 
i. etc Strongest and lightest running powers on the market. Mounted or unmounted, as ordered. We alsomake Lerer Powers, Feed and Ensl- 

HEEBXER & SONS, No. 26 Brond St., Lauidale, Pa. 



Uge Cutters, Wood Saws, Feed Grinders, etc Send for FRKE Catalopu*. 



RESULTS OF COMPULSORY AT- 
TENDANCE. 
Statistics of juvenile crime in New 
York, furnished by the records of the 



police department, show that the num- 
ber of offences committed by persons 
between the ages of 8 and 14 decreased 
more than 50 per cent, after the pas- 
sage of the compulsory education act. 



360 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



The second annual exhibition of the 
Kentucky State Fair will be held at 
Owensboro, September 21st to 26th, in- 
clusive. Twenty thousand dollars is 
offered in premiums, apportioned as 
follows : 

BEEF CATTLE. 

Shorthorns $2,000 

Herefords 1,200 

Aberdeen Angus 1,000 

Polled Durhams 650 

Other breeds 500 

DAIRY CATTLE. 

Jerseys 1,000 

Horses (including five $200 

sweepstake prizes for saddle 

and roadster horses) 4,500 

Horses 4,500 

(Including five $200 sweepstake 
prizes for saddle and roadster horses). 

Mules and jack stock 800 

Swine (five breeds) 1,200 

Sheep (ten breeds).. 1,300 

Poultry and Belgian hares 1,000 

Farm products, horticulture and 

miscellaneous departments . . . 4,000 

The Kentucky State Fair, although 
in its infancy, is recognized as the 
leading institution of the kind in the 
South, and destined to be one of the 
greatest in the country. 

The initial meeting at Louisville 
last year was a great success. 

The fair of 1903, with a considerable 
increase in premiums and improved 
classification, should exceed in atten- 
dance and exhibits the fair of 1902. 

For further information in regard 
to the fair write L. S. Shropshire, Sec- 
retary, Louisville, Ky. 

LIVE STOCK AT THE LOUISIANA 
WORLD'S FAIR. 

An allotment of something over 30 
acres of ground for the live stock 
shows at the World's Fair at St. Louis 
next year has been asked of the man- 
agement by Chief F. D. Coburn, who 
has charge of that department. 

This site contemplates the erection 
of forty-seven buildings. Thirty-nine 
of these are planned for stock barns 
with 2,400 open stalls 5x10 feet and 
400 box stalls 10x10 feet. The 2,800 
stalls will accommodate as a minimum 
that number of cattle or horses, and 
later, simultaneously a like number of 
both swine and sheep. Four octagonal 
dairy barns will provide 140 open 
stalls aud twentyeight box stalls. 

The site desired for the live stock 
exhibits is a continuation of "Agricul- 
ture Hill," immediately south of the, 
Agriculture and Horticulture build- 
ings, and would make possible the 
grouping all the larger exhibits in 
which farmers and stockmen will be 
most interested. The live stock area 
extends south to the grounds limits, 
where it faces one of the main en- 
trances. 

CHOICE OF WEAPONS. 

Judge: You threw a bottle of whis- 
key at the plaintiff's head." 

Defendant: I always use spiritual 
weapons. — May Lippincott's. 



Your money back 

ff you are not satisfied 

DO YOU SUPPOSE that a company with a capital of $500,000.00, paid in full, and the 

ftroud reputation of 36 years of continuous success, would make such an offer and not carry 
t out to the letter? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would jeopardize our standing with the publio and our chances 
Of still greater success by failing to fulfil any promise we make ? 

DO YOU SUPPOSE we would make such an offer if we did not have the utmost confi- 
dence in the satisfying quality of our goods ? 

WE KNOW we can please you and save you money, for HAYNER WHISKEY goes 
direct from our distillery to you, with all its original richness and flavor, carrying a UNITED 
STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PURITY and AGE and savin* 
you the big profits of the dealers. That's why it's best for medicinal purposes. That's why 
it's preferred for other uses. That's why we are regularly supplying over a quarter of a 
million satisfied customers. That's why YOU should try it. 

Direct from our distillery to YOU 

Saves Dealers' Profits ! Prevents Adulteration ! "™"~" 

HAYMER WHISKEY 



4 



PURE SEVEN -YEAR ■OLD RYE 



FULL $ 
QUARTS 



i2Q EXPRESS 
PREPAID 




We will send you FOUR FULL QUARTS of HAYNER'S SEVEN-YEAR- 
OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. When you receive 
the whiskey, try it and if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever 
drank or can buy from any body else at any price, then send it back at our 
expense and your $3.20 will be returned to you by next mail. How could 
an offer be fairer? We take all the risk and stand all the expense, if 
the goods do not please you. Won't you let us send you a trial order? We 
ship in a plain sealed case; no marks to show what's inside. 

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex., Ore., Utah, Wash, 
or Wyo., must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for $4.00 by Express 
Prepaid or «0 Quarts for 816.00 by Freight Prepaid, 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY 

ATLANTA, GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO, ST. PAUL, MINN. 

150 Distillery. Troy, O. Established I860. 




CHARTERED 1870. 



Merchants National Bank 



OP RICHMOND, VA. 

Designated Depository of the United States, City of 

Richmond and Commonwealth of Virginia. 

Being the Largest Depository for BanVi between Baltimore 

and New Orleans, this Bank otters superior facilities for 

direct and quick collections. 



Capital Stock, 
Surplus and Profits, 



$200,000.00 
$628,000.00 



JNO. P. BRANCH, 

President. 



JNO. K.BRANCH, 

Vice-President. 



JOHN F. OLE VN, 

Cashier. 



Directors.— John P. Branch, B. B. Munford, Chas. 8. Stringfellow, Thos. B. Scott, B. W. Branch. 
Fred W. Scott, Jas H. Dooley, Jno. K, Branch, A. 8. Buford, Andrew Pizzini, Jr., J. P. George, 
Alex. Hamilton, Sam' I T. Morgan. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 
Southern Planter. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



361 



^ <& THE WONDER OF THE 20 CENTURY. <&<& 

THE ACME CHURN. 

MILK £RAT0R and CREAM SEPARATOR. 

Guaranteed to make butter from sweet or sour cream in from three to ten 
minutes. The manufacturers offer S100 to any one who can beat this machine 
on time, quality and quantity on any given amount of sweet or sour cream. 
Made of the very best materials and is guaranteed. 

The number of inquiries received from our first Ad., on page 299, April 
Planter, shows the great interest taken in this new invention by the butter 
makers of this and adjoining States. It is a new machine, patented and 
fully protected ; and the greatest labor saver of its kind on the market. It 
has but recently been offered to the public, and by merit alone is making a 
name and place for itself in enterprising and progressive homes, where it 
lightens and lessens the labor of those who need it most. 

The cut is the Single Standard, in 3 and 6 gal. sizes. In the Double Stand- 
ard, the iron frame is on both sides and across the top, is heavier and 
stronger, with an extra wheel at the handle for either hand or light power. 
In 6 and 10 gal. sizes. You can rely upon what is said about this machine. 

Make a note of this and continue to watch Southern Planter. 
Address THE ACME CHURN, Lock Box 311, Richmond, Virginia. 





Our readers will notice the appear- 
ance in this issue of the advertisement 
of the Studebaker Brothers Manufac- 
turing Company, of South Bend, Ind. 
This great concern, we believe the 
largest of its kind in the world, is so 
well known as to require no introduc- 
tion. Studebaker general repositories 
for the proper and convenient distribu- 
tion of their products are found in 
most large cities, while there is scarce- 
ly a hamlet in the country where the 
local Studebaker dealer is not found. 
There is nothing questionable about 
the character of Studebaker goods. 
The wagons and vehicles of every 
character, and harness for all pur- 
poses are standard everywhere. Who- 
ever is willing to pay a fair price for 
assured high quality is not disap- 
pointed in Studebaker's. "We unre- 
servedly commend the advertisement 
to the favorable attention of our sub- 
scribers. 



Readers of this paper may not be 
familiar with the Red Ripper Hay 
Press advertised in this issue by the 
Sikes Manufacturing Company, Hele- 
na, Ga. The advertisement deserves 
attention. The Red Ripper claims 
strong features where hay balers have 
found weakness in other makes. To 
instance, the removal of practically all 
draft, when the horse is crossing the 
connecting beam, in a full circle press, 
is a big item. The statement that 
through its clever mechanism the 
draft at all times is so light that it 
can be operated by one horse, where 
other presses require two, well de- 
serves consideration. We believe, too, 
there is some reduction from prices 
heretofore prevailing. The manufac- 
turers maintain distributing houses at 
Baltimore, Memphis and Cincinnati. 
See advertisement for home office ad- 
dress before writing for catalogue. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



* THE jt 



SEABOARD 

AIR LINE RAILWAY 



OFFERS 

PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENTS 



T0- 



»» 



THE MANUFACTURER, 
THE STOCK RAISER, 
THE DAIRYMAN, 
THE FRUIT GROWER, 
THE TRUCKER. 



WHERE-YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN. 

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where 
large profits ran be realized interest you? 

, The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and a 
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome illustrated 
literature descriptive of the section. 

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN, 

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va. 



-i^ 



WHISKEY 

4 full quarts Corn WhiBkey 10 years old, 83.50 

4 ' 6 " " 2,60 

4 " " " " PriTate Stock, 

20 years old, for invalids and other 

loved one§ 6 00 

Or will ship the 12 qts. named abore for $11.00 
Plain packages Express paid. Purest 
and Best Whiskey, and Oldest House 
in America. Established 1768—136 years 
ago. Just as Corn bread is more whole- 
some and palatable than Rye bread — 
So with the Whiskey— so say all Doctors 
— try it and be convinced. Nothing on 
earth so beneficial toweaklungsasthis 
mountain beverage. 

THE OLD NICK WILLIAHS CO., 
Lock Box No. 11. Williams, N. C. 



Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 



The RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG 

and POTOMAC R. R. 
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y 

Form the Link connecting the 

Atlantic Coast Line R. R.. 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y, 
Pennsylvania R. R., 
Seaboard Air Line R'y 
and Southern R'y. 

Between all points, via Richmond, Va. 

Fast Mail, Passenger and Express Route be- 
tween Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexan- 
dria, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
New York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo and All 
Points North, East and West. 

I W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager, Richmond, Va. 



362 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[May 




The following list of papers and periodicals 
are the most popular ones in this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever 
journal you wish. 



DAILIES. 

Price. With 
Alone. Planter. 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va $5 00 $5 00 

The Post, Washington, D. C 6 00 6 00 

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 00 40 

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 3 00 

TRI-WEEKLY. 
The World (thrice-a-week), N. Y. ... 1 00 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40 

Montgomery Advertiser 100 100 

Nashville American 50 75 

The Baltimore Sun 100 135 

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 1 75 

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 35 

Country Gentleman 150 175 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 15 

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 25 

Central Presbyterian, " " 2 00 2 50 

Christian Advocate, " " 1 50 1 75 

Turf, Field and Farm 4 00 4 00 

Spirit of the Times 4 00 4 00 

Horseman 3 00 3 00 

SEMI-MONTHLIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75 

Dairy and Creamery 50 75 

Commercial Poultry 50 75 

All three 1 50 1 15 

MONTHLIES. 

North American Review 5 00 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 25 

Lippincott's Magazine 2 50 2 50 

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00 

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 25 

Scribner's Magazine 3 00 3 25 

Frank Leslies Magazine 1 00 1 35 

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135 

Everybody's Magazine 100 135 

Munsey Magazine 100 135 

Strand Magazine 1 25 1 65 

McClure's Magazine 100 135 

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75 

Southern Fruit Grower 50 85 

Where you desire to subscribe to two or 
more of the publications named, you can ar- 
rive at the net subscription price by deduct- 
ing 50 cents from "our price with the 
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to 
any other publications not listed here, write 
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or 
net subscription rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the PLANTER or any 
of the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any informa- 
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other 
periodicals. 



Seed House of the South. 



RED 

CLOVER, 

riAMMOTH 

CLOVER, 

CRiriSON 

CLOVER, 

WHITE 

CLOVER, 

LUCERNE 

CLOVER, 

ALSYKE 

CLOVER, 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER, 



JAPAN 



BUR 



CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 




TinOTHY, 

ORCHARD 

GRASS, 

RED TOP or 

HERDS GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUB GRASS, 

RANDALL 

GRASS, 

TALL MEADOW 

OAT GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS, 

GERriAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



" Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 



We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN 
variety at Lowest Market rates, included 

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS 



SEEDS of every 
in which are 



*■ & & WE ALSO SELL 

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c. 

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 
Fertilizing Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, «* 



1016 Main Street, 
LYNCHBURG, VA. 



f 

4» 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 



wholesale 
and; 

RETAIL. 



We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 
IALL [STOCK ITRUE TO NAME. 



Apples, Nectarines, Pecans, 

Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts, 

Peach, Quinces, Walnuts, 

Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits, 

Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. 

. . AGENTS WANTED. 
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., 



Ornamental and' 1 , 
Shade Trees, 
Evergreens, | 
Roses, Etc. 

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. S 

Baltimore, Md. 



903.] 



THE SOUTHEKNT PLANTER. 



363 



rhe Most popular Machines in use for Peanut Picking and Grain Threshing are the 

9 HEEBNER'S, 

Ff\ ■ 

y 




LITTLE Ql ANT and 
PENNSYLVANIA 



FRICK'S "ECLIPSE" 
ENGINES and BOILERS. 

ERIE ENGINES and BOILERS. 



Machines, and they have splendid improvements for 1903. 
They are built in first-class manner, and are strong and 
durable. The price is within the reach of all. We guaran- 
tee them to do the work satisfactory. We will mail cata- 
logue and testimonials, and quote prices on application. 

RUBBER, LEATHER 

Aiun 4 J lir- "LITTLE 

TJBggggfr SAMSON " 

GANDY BELTING. ♦■^"iK Automatic 

Engine. 



THE CELEBRATED 

CHASE" SAW MILLS 




AND 



This" cut shows our 5 and 7 h. p. "Little 
Samson" Vertical, Automatic Engine, for 

" DE LOACH " MACHINERY- f^fwing wood' e ?c eanut pickers ' cuttlng 

Larger size also furnished. 

5TRATT0N &*BRAGG CO.. 20-22 N. Sycamore St., Petersburg, Va. 




How is Yortlieat? 



/^\1WT7 f" , pl^T" r Invested in a postal card and addressed to 
===== THE CARDWELL MACHINE COM- 
PANY, Richmond, Virginia, will bring you circulars regarding 

Cardwell's Thresher and Cleaner 



They are SIMPLE, DURABLE and EASY TO WORK. 
Capacity, 200 to 1000 bushels of wheat per day, according to size 
and character of grain. 

Nineteenth and Cary Sts., 

. RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE CARDWELL MACHINE CO., 



X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 



X 

X 

X 



X 



X 
X 
X 
X 

X 



364 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[May 



ii 



THE EARLY BIRD" 



You Know the Rest. 



I mention this well-known adage, because so many of my customers have 
proved the old and true saying about the early bird — what he caught. He got the 
best, and he got there first. Now, you must do the same thing. You know our 
prices all "change without notice" — so send your orders in on time, and you will 
get the pick and choice of everything — though we keep nothing but the best. We 
buy at the market and sell at the market. Write for prices and I will be delighted 
to send them to you as fast as your mail service can carry them. I have at this 
writing but I don't know how long they will last : 



10,000 bushels Feed Oats 40 

fi,000 bushels Mixed Corn 50 

Both of these are big drives, and you should 
order at once. 

500 kits of Large Mackerel, per kit 1 25 

5,000 bushels Early Eose Potatoes 70 

4,000 bushels Burbank Seed Potatoes 75 

10 large bars Laundry Soap 25 



• r >0,000 lbs. Bock or Lump Salt for stock. Take 
1,000 lbs, and I will make it for 7 

500 bbls. Xorth Carolina Cut Herrings 4 

500 bbls. Lime r Cement, Plaster, at cost. 

Paints, Oils, jSTails, and everything that is 
needed by a Farmer we keep, and Avill sell 
at actual cost to reduce our stock. 

Drop me a line, keep in touch with headquar- 
ters, and by doing this you save money. 



READ CAREFULLY THE FOLLOWING PRICES 



WINES, LIQUORS AND CORDIALS. 

Gibson's fine old Rye Whiskey, 6 
years old— quarts, 75c, or gal- 
lon, jugs free $3 00 

Bumgardner's fine old Rye 

Whiskey, 6 years old, per gal. 2 75 
Fine old Anderson County, gal. 

(this is 4 years old) 2 00 

Clemmer's fine old Rye, three 

summers (it is thick and 

drinks like nectar), quart... 

Fulcher's old Mountain Dew, 

quart 

Imported Juniper Gin. For 
kidney and kindred troubles it 
it gives instant, relief, and you 

should get a quart — only 

346 bottles, quarts, imported 

Three Star French Brandy... 

McDermott's Pure Old Malt 

Whiskey, quart 

Pure old Northampton Apple 
Brandy, 7 years old, strictly 

choice, gallon 2 00 

Old Rye Whiskey, 4 years old . . 2 00 
Pure Old Virginia Apple Brandy 2 00 
Blackberry Brandy, per gallon. 75 

Good Holland Gin 1 50 

Duffy's Malt Whiskey 85 

FLOUR. 

Pillsbury Flour, per bbl 4 90 

Pillsbury, per bag 32 

Graham Flour, per bag 25 

Dunlop Patent Flour, bbl 4 50 

Dunlop, per bag 29 

Byrd Island Flour, per bbl 4 40 

Jersey Lily Flour, per bbl 4 00 



40 



45 



45 



75 



85 



Fine Fairy Flour, per bbl 3 85 

Best Family Flour 4 25 

SEEDS. 
Sapling Clover Seed, per bushel. $7 50 

Alfalfa Seed, per bushel 7 40 

Alsyke Seed, per bushel 9 50 

Timothy Seed, per bushel 2 75 

Orchard Grass Seed, per bushel. 2 10 
Tall Meadow Oats, per bushel . . 2 00 
White Clover Seed, per bushel.. 13 00 
Potato Onion Sets, per bushel . . 2 00 
Black Spring Oats, per bushel. 
Rust Proof Oats, per bushel . . 

Turf Oats, per bushel 

Fine Winter Turf Oats (seed). 

Prime Winter Seed Oats 

1,000 bushels Seed Rye 

10,000 bushels Choice Seed Potatoes, 
all varieties — Early Rose, Burbanks, 
Beauty Hebrons. Am prepared to 
make very low prices. 



52 
65 
70 
75 
60 
68 



1 have everything that is required 
by a. farmer, from a 1,000 Acre Farm 
to a Mouse Trap. Write for my Price- 
List that will give you more informa- 
tion than a gossiping woman. 



SUGAR. 

Best American Granulated... 

White A Sugar, per lb 

Cut Loaf 

Powdered 

Light-Brown Sugar, 6 lbs.... 

BACON AND LARD. 

Best Sugar-Cured Hams, lb . . 

California Hams, per lb 



41 
42 
6 
6 
25 

15 

ioi 



Breast Bacon, per lb 

Good Lard 

Genuine Smithfield Hams, lb. 

4-lb Can Cottolene 

Country Cured Bacon Sides. . 
10,000 lbs Nice Family Pork. . 



50 

75 



13 
9 

15 

44 

12 

9 



FEED. 

Oats, per bushel 46 

Shipstuff, per 100 lbs 1 10] 

Brownstuff, per 100 lbs 1 05, 

Good Corn, per bushel 52 

Coarse Meal, per bushel 65 

Best City Meal, per bushel .... 70 

Linseed Meal, per 100 lbs 1 75 j 

Cottonseed Meal, per 100 lbs.. 1 40 

510 tons Cottonseed Hulls — an 

excellent winter food, cheap 

and nutritious — as good as 

coarse meal for stock, per 100. 50 

70,000 lbs Rock Salt for stock, 

per 100 lbs 1 00 1 

5,000 Bales of Fine Shucks. 

COFFEE, TEA, SOAP, ETC. 

Arbuckle's Green Coffee 11 

Best Mocha and Java Coffee, 

roasted 18 

Fine Gunpowder Tea 40 

800 barrels White Oil 12 

7 boxes Axle Grease 25 

10 Large Cakes Fancy Soap.... 25 
Crystal Washing Soda, light, 
smooth and durable — makes 

washing easy 30 j 

Washing Powder, 8 for 25 j 

Large Fat Mackerel in nice 

buckets or kits, about 15 lbs. . 1 25 1 



D. OSULLIVAN, I8th and Main and 502 E. Marshall Sis. Richmond. Val 



1003.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



365 



a &<H>D-:>0<H><H>l>^<H><KH^^ 
I 

i 



•a 
•a 



o 



WAGONS and BUGGIES 



■o- 

■D 

5 

■a 

-0 




MADE 

RIGHT HERE 

AT HOME 

BY 




All of Virginia. 



The BARBOUR BUGGY CO., 1 
The HUGHES BUGGY CO., 
The VIRGINIA WAGON CO. j 

These vehicles are guaranteed to be as good as can be bought elsewhere; material and 
workmanship unsurpassed ; all sizes and styles, prices low. We can save you time, 
money and freight by purchasing our vehicles. Send for our illustrated catalogues. 
Drop in our warehouse and inspect our stock. Inquiries cheerfully answered. 

AGENTS FOR DEERING MACHINES. 

RICHMOND BUGGY & WAGON CO., 1433 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 

J. T- DUNN, Manager. 

■o- 

Our " TRUST" is in the merits of the machines. 

Fine as they are, Durable as they have proven, 

THE WALTER A. WOOD MOWERS. 

Reapers, Hay Rakes and Binders 

can be bought to-day for 
less than any other ma- 
chine on the market. 



o 
o 
5 
5 



Don't you believe it? Try us. 

We'll astonish you. We've got 
'em Whipped to a stand-still. 

Everybody after "WOOD" ma- 
chines this season, and no 
wonder. 



ASHTON STARKE, 



RICHMOND, VA. 




366 



THE SOUTHER A T PLAN TEH. 



Seasonable Implements of Latest Patterns. 



Established by 
GEO. WATT, 1840. 




DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR. 



THE CALL-WATT CO., 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

The WATT, CROWN and CRESCENT 
PLOWS. 

Especially adapted to the Corn Grower. 
Equally adapted to the Tobacco Planter, 
the Cotton Planter and the Gardener, i 

DISC HARROWS— All sizes 
Independent Flexible Gangs, operated 
by one or two levers. No end thrust. 

DUST PROOF BEARING BOXES, Flexi- 
ble Scrapers. Steel Shanks. 

All Steel Lever Harrows. Made up of 
sections of 25 teeth each. We have the 
Continuous frame with spring trip, which 
relieves all strain on the teeth, or the U 
Bar, by means of the lever instantly 
changed to a straight or slanting tooth 
harrow. 

The DEERE SINGLE and DOUBLE 
ROW CORN PLANTER. 

The Corn Drop works on the "edge 
selection" principle. Simple in construc- 
tion and next to impossible to get out of 
order. These Planters have featm-es not 
possessed by any other, and are fully de- 
scribed in special circular. 

The EMPIRE SINGLE ROW CORN 
PLANTER with the celebrated Marks 
Force Feed Fertilizer. The lightest Com- 
bination Planter made. 

The EUREKA CORN PLANTER, Known 
so long as to require no special descrip- 
tion. 

The DEERE DISC CULTIVATOR is 

made almost entirely of Steel and Mal- 
leable Iron. Light weight and great 
strength. High, solid steel arch. Wheels 
adjustable in width. Pivoted Tongue. 
Dust proof bearing boxes. Convertible 
into an Eight Disc Harrow or a Spring 
Tooth Cultivator. 

The DEERE RIDING and WALKING 
CULTIVATORS. With four or six shovels 
or spring teeth. Possesses features not 
found in any other. 



MANFRED CALL, 
Manager. 




THE WATT PLOW. 




LEVER HARROW. 




DEERE DOUBLE ROW PLANTER. 




WALKING CULTIVATOR 



Iron Age Cultivators, Iron Age Combined Cultivator and Harrow, Double Shovel 

Plows, Feed and Ensilage Cutters, Pea Hullers, Threshers, Engines, Saw 

mils, Grain Drills, (Hoe or Disc.) Farm Wagons, Buggies, Road Carts, 

Implements, Machinery and Vehicles for all purposes. 

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS. 

aL£JK?.?SS Richmond, va. the caluwatt CO. 



1903.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



367 



LABOR-SAVING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. 



Corn Planter . 




TORN PI ANTPP^ The II0081KR ' b " th sin g le :m,i double row, 
VAJIvli i L./\M I CIYO. wit), ., H ,i V viti, ()l ,t fertilizer attachment. The 

SPANGLEK lor Corn. Peas and Sorehum. 



Till TIVATOP^ PLANET, Jr. and 
V/UL, I 1Y/11 VIVO. IK0N Ai j K cuitj. 



vators and Horse Hoes CONTINENTAL Disc 
Cultivators and Harrows, the best in the world. 

Spring tooth attachments for cultivate):-. RODERICK LEAN steel lever harrows for 

one, two and three horses. 




THE SOUTH 
BEND CHILLED 
PLOWS. 




DISC CULTIVATOR. 



HORSE HOE. 

Wood or Steel beam ; all sizes. Guaranteed equal to any made. 

THE CELEBRATED 

HANCOCK DISC PLOW. 

Single or Double Disc. 




DISC HARROWS— All Sizes. 



SPIKE TOOTH HARROW. 




THE OLD RELIABLE 



PEERLESS ENGINES. 

SAW MILLS and 
THRESHING MACHINES. 



THE FISH, THE WEBER AND THE CHAMPION WAGONS 

IN ALL SIZES. 

General agency for the Columbus Buggy Co., Col- 
umbus, Ohio. A. Wrenn & Sons, Norfolk, Va , and 
other celebrated makers of vehicles. All grades in 
stock 

Harness, Robes and Whips, Pittsburg Perfect Wire 

Fencing, welded by electricity. Circular for the 
asking Correspondence solicited. 





THE WATT PLOW CO., ;«£ I : ™™™% z %?. Richmond, Va. 



368 



T II E SO UTH E K X F»LA N TER. 



[.May 



Latest Improved FARM IMPLEMENTS. 



ANTI-DIRT MILK PAIL 




Only Pail made that prevents Dirt and Hair from 
dropping into the Milt and 8TKAIN8 IT TWICE 
while milking. Aerates and Cools it. 
Every Farmer and Dairyman Should Use it. 



Special prices given on Studebakerand Brown 

Wagons, Buggies and Carts. 
Studebaker Buggies, all styles, Studebaker 
Carriages, Studebaker Carts, Stude- 
baker Runabouts. 




Aspinwail Potato Planter. 

Automatic, Accurate and Reliable. Used by 
thousands of practical growers the world over. 

Over twenty years on the market. Don't be 
fooled by imitations and make-shifts but write 
for attractive illustrated catalogue. 

Buckeye Force Pumps. Porce= 

lained Wood Pumps. Wood 

and Steel Wind Mills. 

Frick and Aultman and Taylor 

Engines, Saw Mills and 

Threshers. 



*5K&a<* 




One and Two-Horse Planter, Plain 
or with Fertilizer Attachment. 




The 

Celebrated 

Plymouth 



Twine*. «tf 



Even, Smooth, 
Strong, - Full 
LengtH. Every 
Ball Warrant- 



HP1? ed. j& j& j& J& 



IT DRAWS THE BAR- 
NO PUSH. 




*»*t4 Tncim. 



THE WHEELS WILL NOT LIFT MOM THE GROUND. 

champion Moiyers, Reapers, Hinders, Kay 
Rakes and Twine. 




TIGER Steel and Wood Self-Dump Rakes, 
GRANGER Steel and Wood Hand-Dump Rakes, 
all sizes. 

ELI BALING PRESSES. 

58 styles and sizes. For horse or steam power. 
Write for prices and catalogues. 




Cahoon Seed Sower. 

Michigan Wheelbarrow Sower. 

Three Sizes 

Superior Grain and Fertilizer 

Drills. Hoe and Disc. 




Bement Disc Cultivator, with 
6 or 8 Disc. 

Built entirely of steel, steel forgings and mal- 
leable iron. The most simple and easiest ad- 
justed cutlivator on the market to-day. Write 
for circulars and testimonials. 




Genuine BROWN Walking and Riding 

Cultivator. All styles. Write for 
circular and prices. 

Smiths EUREKA Corn Planters. 

FARMER'S FRIEND Plain and Fertilizer 

Planters. 

TIGER Double-Row Plain Planters. TIGER 

Double-Row Planters with Fertilizer and 

Check Rower Attachment. 




Kemp's Improved Manure Spreader, 
Three Sizes. 




"Bement" Improved Duplex 
Tooth Weeders. 

Write for circulars and prices. 



HENINO & NUCKOLS, miTmk 1436-38 E. In I IHil, VA 




■ , iHu. 1 1 i iw ■^^ I LJ.ij i f aj5 BWgi miB< BB LnnA -« 




WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE 

WHEN AN 

ATTRACTIVE WOVEN 
WIRE FENCE 

CAN BE BOUGHT AT EVEN 
LESS COST? 

THE AMERICAN FIELD FENCING Is made in many heights and styles for 

turning the smallest to the largest animal. Write for special catalogue and prices. 

THE EVANS STEEL-FRAME 
CORN PLANTER 

Will drop accurately any desired distance, and 
any quantity fertilizer. Extra Plates for 
Peas and Beans at small cost. Use one and 
be convinced it has no equal. 

EVANS TWO ROW CHECK OR DRILL 
PLANTER is made entirely of Steel, and 
fertilizer attachment is so arranged as to pre- 
vent the distribution of fertilizer when it is 
not needed. Special catalogue mailed on ap- 
plication. 

THE EUREKA CORN 

P L A N I [L R I s noted for its sim- 
plicity. Write for our price. 

PEA HULLERS .—I* will P a y to inspect the " STAR." Will hull and clean from 10 to 15 bus. peas every hour. 

"V"? CRIMPED STEEL ROOFING.— Made in lengths of from 5 to 10 feet. The 
most economical roof for barns and all outhouses. 

DISC H A R R O WS . — Send for special catalogue of the 
" THOMAS," with self-oiling boxes, lightest draft and strongest harrow made. 

OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE 

C UT T ERi — For hand or power. The strongest, simplest and best 
made. Write for prices, catalogues and testimonials. 

CROWN HOE DRILLS. THOMAS, OWEGO 
AND PENNSYLVANIA DISC DRILLS. 

If you want the latest improved drill, and one that will do the most thor 
ough work, see catalogues of these before buying elsewhere. 

IDEAL FEED MILL AND POWER 

CO IVI B I N CL D Has no equal for grinding shelled grain, corn and 
cob into e&ceileut feed The Horse-Power is very useful for running other 
machinery as well. A full line of mills for horse and steam power. 

PLOVVS. Try an "Imperial" and you will not want any 
other. It is admitted by all who have used it to be the best in the world. 

THETIGER RIDING DISCCULTI- 

V ATO R With its BALL BEARINGS, PIVOT TONGUE which changes 
instantly the direction of the disc by the slightest pressure of the foot. Stag- 
gered Spoke Wheels, and gangs that can be changed almost instantly to throw 
either to or from the centre is the most desirable made. MIDDLE DISCS fur- 
nished to change into Disc Harrows. Send for special catalogue and prices. 

FANNING MILLS. — We can strongly recommend 
the' "LYONS" for cleaning any kind of grain or grass seed. Does its work 
clean, and praised bv every one who has used it. 
EVERYTHING THE FARM NEEDS WE CAN SUPPLY, AND THAT AT A CLOSE PRICE. 

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 





Northwestern 



Tfie NIIIIIHWKMHfN ,£sJr£nce'co. 

ORGANIZED 1857. PURELY MUTUAL. 

THE BEST COMPANY FOR THE POLICY-HOLDER. 

Among the 25 leading companies, THE NORTHWESTERN showes the lowest rate of lapses and surrenders. 
A satisfied membership is the best of arguments. A NORTHWESTERN policy permits you to leave a fixed 
annual income to your widow, out of reach of peculation, speculation, or loss. 

T. ARCHIBALD GHRY. general men lot % and l. 6.. 1201 1 Main sircei. Rlctmond. Hiigti. 



STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. U you wish fat and umooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give 



DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. 



For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 
DIXIE NERVE JLXTD BONE LINIMKNT- Best on earth for Man 01 
Beast. Large Bottle 25 cts. ; everywhere. 

— — OWENS ft MINOR DRUG CO., Richmond, Va. 



VIRGINIA-C AROLINA CH EMICAL CO. 

Southern Manufacturers 

OF 

<£ FERTILIZERS <£ 

FOR 

Southern Farmers. 



THE FACTS: 

Largest makers of Fertilizers! 
Largest producers of material! 

THE RESULTS: 

Better Fertilizers! Lowering prices! 
Increasing sales! 

Sales Offices: RICHHOND, Va., NORFOLK, VA., DURHAM, N. C. 
AGENTS EVERYWHERE. 



n. nm urn a umcmn 



JOHN S. ELLETT, President. WM. M HILL, Cashier. 
CAPITAL, $500,000. SURPLUS, $240,000.