SOUTHERN PLANTER (1882) 



Vol. 65 
July-Dec. 1904 

Missing: no. 10, Oct 






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Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty- Fifth Year. 



Southern Planter 

A MONTHLY JOURNAL 

DEVOTED TO 

Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHflOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

J. F. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 



Proprietors. 



Vol. 65 



NOVEMBER, 1904. 



No. II 



CONTENTS, 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 

Editorial — Work for the Month 717 

The Manure Heap 720 

Crop Production 722 

Irish Potato Growing in Henry Co. 723 

The Use of Commercial Fertilizers 723 

Barnyard Manure as a Money Maker 724 

Burr Clover as a Preparation for Alfalfa 725 

How I Built Up a Poor Farm 725 

Mr. Clark's Hay Crop of 1904 726 

Home Grown Alfalfa Seed 726 

What the Planter Has Done for One Subscriber. 726 

Alfalfa 727 

Some Good in All Methods 727 

Enquirers' Column (Detail Index, p. 749) 728 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 

Editorial— Work for the Month 731 

Onion Growing 731 

Strawberries in October 732 

Apple Growing in the East 732 

Should Farmers Raise Their Own Fruits? 732 

Stocks and Scions: Their Mutual Influences... 733 
What are the Best Varieties of Peaches for 

Virginia 734 



LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: 

The Management of Beef Cattle 735 

Hereford Association for Virginia Organized... 737 

An Experiment in Feeding Breeding Ewes.... 737 

Among the Flocks in England 738 

Training the Heifer to Be Milked. .. 740 

Swine Feeding 741' 

Dorset Sheep and Yorkshire Hogs in Virginia. . 742 

THE POULTRY YARD: 

Experience in Feeding Milk > . . . . 743 

Feed Bulky Foods 743 

Preparing for Winter 743 



THE HORSE: 

Notes 



744 



MISCELLANEOUS: 

Editorial— Death of Major H. E. Alvord 745 

The Virginia State Horticultural So- 
ciety 745 

In November 745 

State Fair — Roanoke, Va 746 

District Fair— Radford, Va 746 

Persistent Vitality of Seeds 747 

The Fall Crops in Tidewater Virginia 748 

Cost of Producing Milk 748 



due 



SUBSCRIPTION, 50c. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. 



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The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE 5T0CK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.==XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the. State. == SULLY, 



65th Year. 



Richmond, November, 1904. 



No. 11. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The month of October to the date of this writing 
(20th), has been a delightful fall month. The 
weather has been most seasonable, bright, clear days, 
with just a sufficient touch of crispness in the air to 
make working outdoors delightful and yet with no 
frost at night to cut vegetation except on two or three 
occasions, when it was cold enough to blacken tomato 
and sweet potato vines in the middle and western sec- 
tions of the State, and on one night to do some slight 
damage to tender truck crops in the Eastern and Tide- 
water sections. The trees are still full of leaf and 
are only just beginning to show the autumnal tints, 
except upon the mountains, where these are now in 
their greatest glory. This fine month has done much 
to enable farmers to gather up the crops in good or- 
der and get them safely under cover, and has added 
thousands of bushels to the corn crop throughout the 
country. Probably this crop will now make some- 
tbing over 2,000,000,000 bushels, but will not be a 
record crop. In Virginia and the other Southern 
States it is probably the largest crop of corn ever 
made, as the area planted was larger and the yield is 
the highest. Virginia stands ahead of all the other 
States but one, in condition of the crop as reported 
by the government, and our information from all 
over the State goe3 strongly to confirm this. We 
will have plenty of corn, and probably a fair supply 
of hogs for all the people of the South this year, 
whilst for the live stock of all kinds an abundant sup- 
ply of fodder has been saved or could have been with 
due diligence on every farm. Southern farmers will 
be able to observe Thanksgiving Day with heartiness. 



The work of seeding the wheat crop should now be 
pushed to completion whilst the fine weather con- 
tinues. The frost we have had will have reduced 
the danger of injury by fly to a minimum, and the 
seed should be got in as soon as the land is ready. 
We hear complaints from nearly all sections of the 
dry condition of the land, but this should not hinder 
seeding. It is always better to sow in dust than in 
mud. Some of the best crops of wheat ever made 
were seeded in a dust bed. If land has been well 
prepared, as it ought to have been during the weather 
we have had, the seed bed will have moisture sufficient 
in it to germinate the seed when properly sown, and 
well covered. Put the seed well down into the soil, 
giving at least two inches of cover and it will soon 
germinate even though we should not have rain for 
some time, and it is more than probable that after 
so long a dry time we shall soon get rain enough. 
If the land is not in fine condition do not hesitate to 
give ' more time to preparing it. Better work over 
again a rough field than prepare an additional field. 
We are anxious to see not only a larger wheat 'crop 
sown, but a larger yield -per acre secured, but we 
would rejoice more in seeing a larger yield per acre 
than a larger acreage. The South ought to make 
every bushel of wheat that is consumed there and a 
surplus for export. At present she does not make 
the bread we eat. This year Virginia makes about 
8,000,000 bushels of wheat, whilst to meet the needs 
of her population at the average rate of consumption 
of the country, she needs over 12,000,000 bushels. 
The other Southern States do even worse than Vir- 
ginia. Whilst Maryland makes 12 bushels to the 



718 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



acre, Virginia makes only 10, and North Carolina 
only 8 bushels to the acre. There is no reason what- 
ever why we should not in this State make 25 bush- 
els to the acre, and that without spending a dollar 
more for fertilizer. There are numbers of farmers 
all over the State who never make less than 25 bush- 
els to the acre, and often make 35 and 10. Mary- 
land, with no better land or climate, makes an aver- 
age of 13 bushels to the acre, as against our 10. The 
great underlying cause of our small crop in the South 
is poor preparation of the land. Now that cow peas 
and the other leguminous crops are being so much 
more largely grown, there ought to be seen a change 
in the yield if only adequate preparation is given and 
lime is more generally applied. Legumes, lime and 
perfect preparation of the land should and will give 
a crop double the average one of the South. Sow 
only the cleanest and plumpest wheat and thus avoid 
growing weeds and stalks with heads without grain 
in them. The influence of the size of the seed is 
great on the yield. Sow an early maturing variety, 
so as to avoid danger from rust, which rarely becomes 
troublesome until after our earliest varieties have 
matured. Fultz and Fulcaster are both early ma- 
turing varieties. See to it that provision is made 
for carrying off all surface water quickly by water 
furrows wherever needed. Wheat cannot flourish 
with its roots in water. The world's wheat crop this 
year is a small one. We in this country have not a 
bushel for export, and already the effect of this is 
being seen in the European markets. From being 
the largest exporter of wheat to the English market 
we have already sunk into the second place, and are 
likely to go much lower this year. There is room 
for a large crop of wheat to be made without reduc- 
ing the price materially, and wheat at present prices 
will pay if only such a crop is made as we can well 
make if we only prepare the land well. There is no 
money in making 10 bushels to the acre even at 
present prices, but there is money in 25 bushels to 
the acre, and this ought to be the lowest quantity 
aimed at. In our two last issues we discussed and 
advised on the fertilizer to be used where fertilizer 
is needed, and to these issues refer our readers. The 
main rquirement of wheat is phosphoric acid, with 
also a moderate quantity of nitrogen, but we are 
strongly of opinion that the best time to supply the 
nitrogen is in spring as a top dressing, when the 
wheat commences its growth. Experiments have 
conclusively shown that wheat utilizes the fertilizer 
in the soil mainly when making the grain. 



this month. This crop stands frost better than any 
other of the legumes, and makes fine spring pasture 
and a good green forage and hay crop, which can be 
saved in time to plant the land with corn. We have 
made heavy crops of this mixture, which came in 
very useful at a time when fodder was getting scarce 
in the barn in the spring. Stock do well on vetches, 
as they are rich in protein and the crop also improves 
the land very much, as the root growth is large, and 
it gathers nitrogen from the atmosphere very abun- 
dantly. Let all land possible not required for wheat 
and not growing other crops be seeded with the wheat 
and vetch mixture, or with rye when too late for 
seeding vetches and thus have something growing on 
the land to conserve fertility and keep it from wash- 
ing and wasting. Sow 25 to 30 pounds of the vetch 
seed with three-quarters of a bushel of wheat or rye 
to the acre. 



Rye, wheat and English Vetches should be seeded 



Although we have had such splendid weather for 
housing crops all through the month of October, we 
yet see a very large quantity of produce of various 
kinds out in the fields which has long been in the 
finest condition for storing in barns, stacks or sheds. 
This is a condition of affairs on which we have to 
comment every year. Probably there is some im- 
provement taking place, but we are yet far from 
exercising that care in the quick housing of crops 
that ought to prevail. Men spend months in pre- 
paring the land, seeding the crops, cultivating and 
harvesting them, and then sit down and watch them 
waste away with the weather, losing both weight and 
nutritive value when they might be safely housed. 
Surely a regard for the labor spent on them and for 
the money expended if not for the animals for which 
they are to provide the winter's food would induce 
greater attention to this subject. The risk of floods 
and storms is not heeded. Thousands of dollars 
worth of grain and fodder are washed away or other- 
wise lost every year in the South by neglect in hous- 
ing crops as soon as ready. See to it that not a day 
be now lost in getting home all forage crops and in 
getting the corn into the crib. This fine weather 
cannot be expected to last much longer, and the cost, 
trouble and labor in housing crops in broken weather 
and hauling over water soaked land ought to be 
avoided. Farming can never be as profitable a busi- 
ness as it ought to be, and can be, whilst so much of 
value is lost every year by inattention to storing the 
crops as soon as ready. We would much like to see 
every crop of corn husked by machinery and the 
fodder run through the shredder at the same. time and 
stored in the barn. The growing scarcity of labor 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



719 



will compel this -if the crop is to be saved at all, but 
it ought not to require this to ensure this course being- 
taken. Where large crops are grown, it will pay a 
farmer to own his own busker and shredder, but 
where this is not practicable, then half a dozen ad- 
joining farmers should join together and buy a ma- 
chine and use it jointly. Threshing machine men 
ought to buy this outfit and carry it round from 
farm to farm and thus find work for their steam or 
horse powers after the wheat and oats are all thresh- 
ed. In some sections this is being done, and is found 
of wonderful help to small farmers, who have their 
whole crop put into safe keeping and ready for feed- 
ing at little cost. No farmer has a right to com- 
plain that farming does not pay who allows his fod- 
der and forage crops to waste in the field all winter. 
In our last issue we published a statement showing 
the value of the different parts of the corn stalk as 
feed, and its total value. This is so large a propor- 
tion of the value of the whole crop that the man who 
wastes it deserves no commiseration if he fails to 
make profit on his farm. Fodder well cured and 
shredded is as valuable as feed for stock as timothy 
or mixed hay, and will be as readily eaten by stock of 
all kinds. 



All root crops should be dug or pulled as they ma- 
ture and ripen and not be left for the frost to spoil 
them. Sugar beets and mangold wurtzel beets are 
quickly injured by frost, and when once frozen will 
not keep when stored. Turnips will stand a sharp 
frost without much injury to their keeping quality 
if the frost is allowed to get out of them by gentle 
thawing before they are pulled and stored. Ruta 
bagas will stand quite a sharp freeze without serious 
injury, and as they will make greater increase in 
weight during the cool weather of this month than 
during any like period in their growth they should 
not be pulled until the end of the month or even into 
December if the weather keeps mild. Pull and dig 
all root crops when dry and house them without 
leaving them exposed to the weather longer than 
necessary. We gave advice as to storing Irish and 
sweet potatoes in our last issue. Turnips, beets and 
ruta bagas keep well stored in a cool root cellar or 
made into pies and covered with straw and soil suffi- 
cient to keep out frost. 



Old pastures which have begun to fail in yield may 
be given a new lease of life and usefulness by timely 
attention during open weather in winter and spring. 
Have all bushes and strong weeds grubbed out, and 



then take a sharp toothed harrow and run it over the 
field in both directions lengthwise and across, thus 
tearing out much of the old matted grass and loosen- 
ing the soil around the roots. Then take a horse 
rake and gather up all the trash harrowed up and 
haul it off to the hog pens. Then apply 50 bushels 
of lime to the acre and leave until spring, say Feb- 
ruary or March. Then sow two bushels of mixed 
pasture grasses like orchard grass, meadow oat grass, 
perennial rye and Virginia blue grass per acre, with 
four pounds of mixed alsike and red clover per acre, 
and harrow lightly in with a smoothing harrow and 
roll when dry enough. An application of 300 pounds 
of bone meal per acre will greatly help the stand, and 
later when the grasses are fairly growing, 100 pounds 
of nitrate of soda per acre will complete the work and 
put new life into the field and make a good pasture, 
probably good for many years more service. 



When too late to seed any further crops, keep the 
teams at work whenever the weather is fine and the 
land dry enough breaking up land intended to be 
cropped next year. Many farmers think that be- 
cause we have not usually hard frosts in winter that 
it is useless to break land in the fall and early winter 
as the disintegrating action of the frost is usually so 
slight here. This is a mistake. Whilst all land in 
the South is better with a crop growing on it all the 
year round, yet it is not practicable always to secure 
this. In the absence of the crop the land should be 
deeply broken as early in the winter as possible, so 
that the rain may get into the subsoil, and such frost 
as we may have may act on the land. In the fall 
nearly all our land has a hard baked surface from 
which the rain runs off for a long time instead of 
getting into the subsoil, where it can subserve the 
needs of the next crop. Especially after such a 
summer as we have had this year is it important to 
break this hard surface. We have had all through 
the South a serious deficiency in rainfall this year, 
and the subsoil is very dry. In many sections wells 
and springs have failed, and are now dry. This in- 
dicates great lack of moisture in the ground, and as 
the moisture of the subsoil is the great means by 
which crops secure their food during our hot sum- 
mer it is of prime importance to the yields of crops 
next year that every effort should be made to replen- 
ish this lack of water by conserving the rain which 
may fall this winter and spring. Deep breaking and 
subsoiling of the land now is the best means which 
can be taken to meet this need. Our land in the 
South usually suffers more from lack of tillage than 



720 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



from over-working. One plowing, and that a very 
shallow one, is too often all that it gets in the way of 
breaking, and one or two harrowings all that it gets 
in the way of preparation for the seed. This is not 
sufficient. Soil to become a fit seed bed for any 
crop requires much more labor than this. Frequent 
plowing and cultivating is equivalent to much fer- 
tilizer, and much more certain in its results. The 
more the soil is stirred the finer it is broken and the 
greater the ease with which the roots of the plants 
can penetrate it, and the more moisture it will be 
able to give to the crop, and the greater will this 
moisture be charged with the plant food in the soil. 
Deep fall and winter plowing fits the subsoil to give 
up its rich stores of natural plant food to the crop, 
and practically adds acres to the farm. The surface 
acres of most of our farms have been exhausted of 
this natural plant food by long usage. The acres be- 
low this surface are still as rich in plant food as the 
original surface acres ever were. This can be made 
available by breaking and cultivating deeply during 
winter and early spring. Not to utilize the winter 
in this way is to neglect one of the greatest oppor- 
tunities which our Southern climate gives us over 
that given to the Northern farmer. 

Now that the time for housing the live stock is 
near at hand we want to urge upon every farmer the 
importance of making the best provision possible for 
sheltering and caring for the animals during the cold 
weather. It is no use taking cattle up out of the 
pastures and putting them into buildings with leaky 
roofs and siding through which the wind whistles at 
every blast, and with doors and windows not closing 
the openings into which they should fit. See to it 
that these are all repaired and the houses made wind 
and weather tight. Give the building a good coat of 
limewash after sweeping down all cobwebs and dust. 
Let the floors of all cattle barns and stables have at- 
tention by filling up all holes and giving the floors a 
slight grade to one point, so that all liquid voidings 
can there be drained away or absorbed by straw and 
trash. It would pay well to concrete all these floors, 
as the only outlay on most farms would be for 
cement, say about $2 or $2.50 per barrel. We have 
published several times full directions for making 
concrete. Any ordinary good laborer can mix the 
concrete and lay same after the floor has been graded 
and levelled. The saving in the making of good rich 
manure will soon pay all the cost, and the comfort of 
the animals be greatly promoted. Another matter 
which should have attention is the making of a pit 



for storing manure in the farm-yard. Whilst ma- 
nure is best removed directly from the stables to the 
land where it is to be used in producing crops, yet 
there are always times during the winter when it is 
impossible to get on to the land with the teams, and 
for these times it is necessary to have a place in which 
to store the manure until such time as it is con- 
venient or practicable to haul it away. This place 
should be made away from the side of building where 
the water from the roofs and yard will not drain into 
it. It should slope from each side towards the cen- 
tre, so that the seepage from the manure will be re- 
tained in the heap and should have a well consoli- 
dated clay floor beaten to a hard surface. Into this 
pit the manure from all the stables should be removed 
regularly every day and be there mixed together. 
This will prevent the overheating of the horse ma- 
nure, which will happen if stored alone. Pack the 
manure closely to exclude the air, and keep the sur- 
face level or slightly sloping towards the centre. 
The ordinary rainfall will not injure the manure, 
but will keep it just sufficiently moist and prevent 
fire fanging. A sprinkling of acid phosphate or 
kainit should be spread over the heap daily, or as 
manure is added to it. This will add to the value 
of the manure by increasing the supply of the plant 
food most lacking in manure, and it will also con- 
serve the ammonia. It is well to sprinkle the ma- 
nure in the stables every day with acid phosphate or 
plaster to prevent the escape of ammonia before it is 
removed to the pit or field. 



THE MANURE HEAP. 

In our article, "Work for the Month," we have 
given some advice as to making provision for saving 
and caring for the manure made during the winter 
months. We want now to add a few words on the 
important economic advantages of saving manure. 
One of the first features which strikes a newly ar- 
rived emigrant from England or the continent of 
Europe (in which countries the saving and methodic 
application of farm-yard manure is practically a 
science) when he goes on to one of our Southern 
farms is the absence of proper care for saving and 
utilizing the manure made on the farm ; indeed, on 
most farms the total absence of a manure heap. He 
finds it thrown out of the buildings as a waste pro- 
duct and left to be washed by the rain and the drip- 
pings from the roofs and blown about and dissipated 
by the wind and sun. The next thing that strikes 
him usually is the constant remark that the land 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



721 



wants and must have fertilizer, meaning thereby 
some compound brought from the fertilizer factory, if 
crops are to be produced. He is at loss to reconcile 
these two propositions, and concludes that the farm- 
ers of the South are either a very improvident people 
or a very ignorant one. And there is undoubtedly 
very great truth in this conclusion. If the farmers 
realized the value of farm-yard manure as a pro- 
ducer of crops and enhancer of fertility they cer- 
tainly would not waste it as they do, and their im- 
providence is seen in the fact that they immediately 
set about to meet the consequences of their wasteful- 
ness by paying money for commercial fertilizer of 
which they know but little except what the fertilizer 
makers tell them. It has been said of the medical 
profession (let us hope for our own sakes without 
much truth), that "they pour drugs of which they 
know little into stomachs of which they know less." 
Of the farmer it can be truly said in the South, that 
they apply fertilizers of which they know little into 
soils of which they usually know less. Any obser- 
vant man — nay, even the least observant — knows that 
if he applies farm-yard manure to a piece of land 
he at once improves its crop producing capacity. We 
have never yet met the man who disputed this propo- 
sition, yet in the face of this the great majority of 
farmers go on from year to year wasting manure and 
buying in its place something in the use of which 
even the most observant men have almost yearly ex- 
perience that they can see in many cases no perma- 
nent beneficial results and at the best very incon- 
sistent and uncertain ones. When taxed with the 
folly of spending, as Southern farmers are now do- 
ing in the three States of Virginia, North and South 
Carolina, something around $15,000,000 every year 
for commercial fertilizers and at the same time large- 
ly wasting all the farm-yard manure, their reply 
usually is that the amount of farm-yard manure 
which can be saved every year is such a small matter 
that it is not worth consideration, as it would go no 
way whatever in making crops, and may therefore 
be well left out of consideration. That this is whollv 
untrue is easily demonstrable. Careful experiments 
made have shown that each horse or mule makes ma- 
nure in the year of the value of $27, each head of 
cattle $19, each hog $12, and each sheep $2. This 
value is based on the values usually assigned to phos- 
phoric acid, potash and nitrogen in commercial fer- 
tilizers, and possibly is too high from a practical 
standpoint. On the other hand, however, no figure 
is in this estimate placed on the value of farm-yard 
manure as an improver of the physical and mechani- 



cal condition of the soil by reason of the vegetable 
matter which it puts into the land, and this has been 
conservatively estimated from practical observation 
as being equally as great as the direct manurial value. 
Nor, again, is any figure in this estimate placed on 
the value of manure as the direct inoculator of the 
soil with the life-giving bacteria upon which recent 
scientific research has demonstrated largely depends 
the crop producing capacity of land. This feature 
alone is in our estimation of infinitely greater value 
than both the others put together. Leaving aside, 
however, these unestimated values and making allow- 
ance for the less quickly available nature of the phos- 
phoric acid, potash and nitrogen in farm-yard ma- 
nure as compared with the same elements in commer- 
cial fertilizers, it may be safely taken as a conserva- 
tive estimate that on each farm carrying four horses 
or mules, 20 cows, 50 sheep and 10 pigs the manure 
produced each year is of the value of $250. How 
few farmers in proportion to the whole number in 
the South spend as inuch as $250 every year in the 
purchase of standard commercial fertilizer or fertil- 
izing ingredients, and yet they annually waste this 
sum and more, in proportion as the stock kept i3 
larger, by neglecting the manure heap. "Saving at 
the spigot and spending at the bung" with a ven- 
geance and then they say farming does not pay. The 
great distinguishing characteristic of farm-yard ma- 
nure as compared with the best commercial fertilizer 
is that the manure is permanent and lasting in its 
effects, whilst the other at the best is only of tempo- 
rary value and depends largely even then for its 
effectiveness on a physical and mechanical condition 
of the soil, which must be brought about by other 
means than the fertilizer — namely, by the addition 
of humus making material to the soil, and an abun- 
dance of added moisture to ensure the dissolving of 
the chemical constituents. Sir John B. Lawes, the 
father of agricultural experimentation, and one of 
the highest authorities in the world on this subject, 
said that as the result of his experiments continued 
for forty years, he was able to say that on land ma- 
nured continuously for twenty years there was grad- 
ual accumulation and increase of produce, and that 
for twenty years after the application of manure 
ceased on one particular plot of land the annual yield 
was considerably higher than that on unmanured 
land. Every farmer can secure this constant im- 
provement of his land if he will only give attention 
to the saving of the manure made on his farm. As 
the liquid manure is the most valuable, the means 
used in caring for the manure should embrace pro- 



722 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, 



[November, 



vision for saving all the liquid. This is generally 
most easily done hy providing plenty of absorbent 
bedding and with drains leading from the stables to 
the manure pit, which should be so made as to hold 
this liquid. Both the liquid and solid manure is 
largely influenced in its value as a producer of crops 
by the food fed to the stock. The richer the food the 
better and more valuable the manure. Mature ani- 
mals neither gaining nor losing weight practically 
excrete all the fertlizing constituents consumed in 
the food. Growing animals and milk cows excrete 
from 50 to 75 per cent, of the fertilizing constituents 
of the food and fattening and working animals fr6m 
90 to 95 per cent. Cotton seed meal, flax seed meal 
and wheat bran make the richest manure, the legumi- 
nous crops like peas and clover the second best, 
grasses the third best, corn, wheat and oats the fourth 
best, and roots the least valuable. When cotton seed 
meal or flax seed meal is fed liberally the manure 
made is worth as a fertilizer nearly the whole cost 
of the meal, and the feeding value of the meal is got 
nearly for nothing if the manure is saved and used as 
it should be. In the article, "Work for the Month," 
we have pointed out the best way of saving, improv- 
ing and applying the manure, and to this we refer 
our readers. It may be well, however, to add that 
where mechanical improvement of the soil is most 
desired — that is to say, where the soil is desired to 
be made lighter and more open — fresh manure is 
best to be applied. Well rotted manure is best ap- 
plied to light soils. 



CROP PRODUCTION. 

Under this caption in our last issue we took issue 
with our correspondent, Mr. Turner, upon the ques- 
tion of fertilization being the prime factor in the pro- 
duction of heavy crops, and endeavored to show that 
whilst this was one factor, it was not by any means 
the sole factor, and, in our opinion, was probably not 
the dominant factor in the problem of crop produc- 
tion. Amongst a number of the other factors which we 
asserted to be important, we named the microbic life 
in the soil as in our opinion probably more important 
than fertilization, however heavy. This contention 
is well illustrated by the wonderful results obtained 
from the introduction by inoculation of the alfalfa 
microbe into soil to be seeded with that crop. Land 
which without inoculation will not produce alfalfa 
at all, or only a very weak and puny growth, which 
dies out in a year or less, will, when inoculated with 
the microbe, produce not only a strong, healthy 



growth of alfalfa, but will make a permanent sod of 
that crop, which will last for years, if only the con- 
ditions necessary for the continued life of the microbe 
are present, first amongst these being a slightly alka- 
line condition of the soil, brought about by the appli- 
cation of lime to the soil. This is a case where the 
microbe is more important than the fertilizer, the 
plant itself being thus rendered able to utilize the 
atmospheric nitrogen and the inert fertility existent 
in the soil in continued growth. The same results 
are seen when other legumes are grown after the soil 
has been inoculated with the specific microbe of the 
crop to be raised. When once a growth of the 
legumes is secured by means of the microbic life, 
then the atmospheric nitrogen and the inert fertility 
of the land in the form of phosphoric acid and potash 
become available, and succeeding crops of non- 
legumes can be successfully raised without the appli- 
cation of fertilizers of any kind, so long as there is 
available in the soil a supply of phosphoric acid and 
potash. The leguminous crop gathers nitrogen from 
the atmosphere through the microbes on its roots, and 
thus completes the trio of elements essential to plant 
growth. The yield of the succeeding crop will be in 
proportion to the sufficiency of the least abundant of 
the plant foods present and available. The microbic 
life enables the leguminous crop not only to get what 
nitrogen it requires for its own perfect growth, but 
also to store a surplus of this most essential plant food 
in the soil for the benefit of succeeding crops. In 
experiments made to illustrate this action, a crop of 
crimson clover not inoculated added to one acre of 
land 4 pounds of nitrogen, whilst a crop of crimson 
clover inoculated with the crimson clover microbe 
added to an acre of precisely similar land 143 pounds 
of nitrogen, an increase of 33-| times. So it is with 
vetches, soy beans, alfalfa, red clover and all the 
legumes. This accumulated nitrogen reveals its pres- 
ence and its effectiveness in the succeeding crop. Cot- 
ton planted after an inoculated crop of red clover 
gave an increased yield of 40 per cent. ; Irish potatoes 
yielded an increase of 50 per cent. ; wheat increased 
by 46 per cent. ; oats 300 per cent., and rye 400 per 
cent. With such evidence as to the value of one kind 
of microbic life in the soil, it surely cannot be safely 
contended that crop production depends solely, or 
even mainly, on the quantity of fertilizer applied. 
As further evidence of the importance of microbit 
life in the soil, the results frequently obtained from 
the application of even a small dressing of farm-yard 
manure may be cited. The amount of nitrogen, phos- 
phoric acid and potash applied in the manure beari 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



723 



sut very small relation to the effect of the application 
®n the yield of the crop. In a ton of average barn- 
yard manure there is only about 9 lbs. of nitrogen, 8 
lbs. of potash and 6 lbs. of phosphoric acid, and this 
is largely in forms not immediately available for 
plant nourishment, yet the application of 2 or 3 tons 
of this manure to an acre will not merely increase the 
immediate crop yield, but will show in the crops for 
years afterwards. We have frequently seen the effect 
of one application of barn-yard manure on every crop 
for ten years afterwards, and Sir J. B. Lawes said 
that he could see the effect of an application on one 
piece of land forty years afterwards. This result 
arises not from the quantity of actual plant food sup- 
plied in the manure, but from the inoculation of the 
soil with microbic life found in and nourished by the 
manure. No such results can be seen from the appli- 
cation of commercial fertilizers. They put no life 
into the soil, but merely place within the reach of the 
crop certain forms of plant food in a more or less 
available condition, and the ultimate result depends 
mainly on the existence in the soil of microbic life, 
which can put these food elements into available form 
for plant sustenance and growth. This they do by 
breaking down organic life in the soil and setting free 
certain gases which are absorbed by the soil water, 
and this then becomes a powerful solvent of the 
mineral plant food in the fertilizer and soil. With- 
out microbic life in 1he soil, commercial and all other 
fertilizers are practically useless in crop production. 
With abundant microbic life, and the conditions pres- 
ent necessary to its development, such as soil moist- 
ure, temperature, alkalinity and food supply, maxi- 
mum crops ean be produced by utilizing the nitrogen 
of the atmosphere and the almost exhaustless stores of 
phosphorus and potash in the soil. A prime factor in 
making all these things "work together for good" is 
perfect and deep cultivation and preparation of the 
soil. This and not extravagant fertilization lies at 
the root of all profitable farming. 



IRISH POTATO GROWING IN HENRY CO., VA. 

At Phospho-Lithia Springs, Mayor A. S. Bous- 
man, of Ridgeway, has a patch of potatoes which re- 
quired 20 bushels to plant, that is the wonder of all 
who see it. He has dug over 200 bushels, and has 
dug hardly one-third of the patch. It is an assured 
fact that he will make 600 bushels. With these won- 
derful possibilities before us, what excuse have the 
farmer-: for the fact that Henry county does not pro- 



duce enough provisions each year to feed her people 
and stock until Christmas time. 



THE USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. 

The Ohio Experiment Station, as the result of in- 
vestigations on the Station Farm, makes the follow 
ing pertinent suggestions as to the use of commercial 
fertilizers. The suggestions are as applicable in Vir- 
ginia and the South generally as in Ohio, and with 
cow peas and crimson clover as the source of nitrogen, 
instead of red clover, as there used. We would espe- 
cially invite attention to the last paragraph of the 
suggestions — the making of stable manure. The 
keeping of live stock and making manure lies at the 
root of the successful and profitable use of commer- 
cial fertilizers, and of all profitable farming : 

"On all soils the system of management plays a most 
important part in the scheme of fertilization. Where 
clover grows luxuriantly — and it will do so only on 
soils containing a fair supply of humus — a good crop 
of clover may secure a sufficient supply of nitrogen 
for its own use, with enough to spare for one or two 
crops of cereals or potatoes immediately following. 
Clover, however, cannot be depended upon to furnish 
more nitrogen than this, nor can it make up any defi- 
ciency of phosphorus or potassium. Hence, where 
clover does its best it may have the effect of so re- 
ducing the supplies of phosphorus and potassium that 
one or both of these must be furnished before maxi- 
mum crops can be grown. Eor example, on a tract of 
land on the South Farm of the Experiment Station 
at Wooster, on which potatoes, wheat and clover have 
been grown in a 3-year rotation for 10 years, the 10- 
year average yield of wheat has been : 

27 bushels per acre without fertilizers. 

33^ bushels with phosphorus only. 

33-J bushels with phosphorus and potassium. 

36 bushels with phosphorus, potassium and 
nitrogen. 

In this case the increase for phosphorus has given 
a large profit, but the further gain from potassium 
and nitrogen has not been sufficient to justify their 
use, except in very small quantity. 

On the other hand, on the East Farm of this Sta- 
tion, in a 5-year rotation of corn, oats, wheat, clover 
and timothy, the land having been exhausted by many 
years of cropping with but little manuring, the 10- 
year average yield of wheat has been : 

9 bushels per acre without fertilizers. 

15^ bushels with phosphorus only. 

17| bushels with phosphorus and potassium. 

24 bushels with phosphorus, potassium and 
nitrogen. 

In this case the complete fertilizer, carrying phos- 



724 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



phoras, potassium and nitrogen has yielded a larger 
net profit than any partial fertilizer. 

In general, it may be assumed that land which is 
sufficiently fertile to produce 50 bushels of corn or 25 
bushels of wheat per acre may be held close to the 
maximum production by the growth of clover every 
third season, with the addition of a small quantity 
of phosphorus or potassium, one or both ; but when 
the average yield falls much below these quantities, 
under a 3-year rotation with clover, then the addition 
of nitrogen to the fertilizer is indicated. 

For soils which have been depleted by exhaustive 
cropping the following system of management is sug- 
gested : 

(1) Apply stable manure to land intended for 
corn, using it at the rate of 8 to 10 tons per acre. If 
possible, let the manure be taken directly from the 
stable to the field, and if it has been dusted during 
accumulation with acid phosphate or raw phosphate 
rock (floats), its effectiveness will be greatly in- 
creased for most soils. 

(2) A crop of wheat or oats may follow corn 
treated as above, without further manuring or fer- 
tilizing, and if clover be seeded with this crop, the 
clover sod to be manured and planted to corn (or 
potatoes) thus establishing a rotation in which clover 
is grown every third season in alternation with' a 
manured and cultivated crop, the best conditions of 
fertility recovery will have been provided and a 
gradual increase in productiveness may be expected. 

(3) If a second crop of small grain be grown (as 
wheat after oats) it will be necessary to manure again 
or else use a complete fertilizer if the maximum 
yield is obtained. The proportion of ammonia, how- 
ever, need not exceed two or three per cent. Clover 
should be sown with this crop. 

(4) If, for any reason, a third crop of grain be 
grown before clover comes into the rotation, it should 
receive a fertilizer containing 4 to 6 per cent, am- 
monia, applied at tbe rate of 300 to 400 pounds per 
acre. Such cropping is likely to prove less profitable 
than where clover is more frequently grown. 

(5) When clover foils to prosper on land that has 
been liberally manured or fertilized, making a fair 
stand, perhaps, but showing a weak growth after the 
wheat has been taken off and finally dying out alto- 
gether in spots, the use of lime is indicated. Present 
indications are that lime will produce more clover 
when applied to a crop preceding the wheat by one or 
two seasons than when applied to the crop with which 
the clover is sown. No definite quantity of lime can 
be stated for all conditions, but it is safe to use a ton 
to the acre. 

(6) If a farmer's present system of management 
does not provide sufficient stable manure to carry out 
this plan, then it is time to readjust that system; for 
the Ohio farmer who undertakes to bring up an ex- 



hausted soil to a profitable state of productiveness 
through the use of commercial fertilizers alone will 
generally find that the margin between cost of pro- 
duction and value of crop will leave him a very 
meager compensation for his labor." 



BARNYARD MANURE AS A MONEY MAKER. 

Since writing the article on "The Manure Heap," 
which appears in this issue, we have received the 
American Agriculturist of date 22d October, and in 
it find the following article under the above caption. 
We commend it to the attention of readers of our 
article : 

One of the most attractive and interesting exhibits 
at the Ohio State Fair this year was one showing the 
comparative value of barnyard manure left in the 
yard during the winter and fresh manure. For seven 
years the Ohio Experiment Station has been study- 
ing in the field the question of conserving and rein- 
forcing barnyard manure. Director Charles E. 
Thorne says the result of this work is that manure, 
which is thrown into an open barnyard and permitted 
to lie there during the five months of winter before 
it is drawn to the field, is for producing an increase 
of crop, worth, at present prices, $2.40 per ton of 
manure, when the manure is spread on clover sod, 
the sod being plowed for corn and the corn followed 
by wheat and clover without further manuring or fer- 
tilizing. 

When the manure, instead of being thrown into the 
barnyard, is taken directly from the stable to the field, 
the management and cropping being the same as 
above, we get an increase of crop to the amount of 
$3.25 to each ton of manure. If, however, as the ma- 
nure is being accumulated, it is dusted occasionally 
with the crude phosphate rock of the South, ground 
into a fine powder (called "floats" in the Southern 
States), thus reinforcing it with phosphorous and 
possibly at the same time preventing some loss of 
ammonia, we get a total value of increase of $5.18 [ 
the odd 18 cents more than covering the cost of treat- 
ment. The work of the field has been supplemented 
by analyses made in our chemical laboratory, which 
show that from two-thirds to three-fourths of the fer- 
tilizing constituents of the manure may be washed 
out of it during the five months of winter exposure; 
they also show a very considerable reduction in total 
dry substance, indicating that it has required con- 
siderably more than a ton of manure, as thrown out 
of the stable, to produce a ton as taken from the barn- 
yard. From investigations on the quantity of manure 
produced by cattle during the winter months of feed- 
ing, we are led to conclude that Ohio produces annu- 
ally some ten million tons, and that of this undoubt- 
edly more than half, probably not less than three- 
fourths, is wasted. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



725 



BURR CLOVER AS A PREPARATION FOR ALFALFA. 

This clover, which is found widely distributed 
through the more Southern States, and is highly 
prized for winter pasture, is likely to prove of great 
value in preparing the land for alfalfa, as the bacteria 
found upon it is also effective on the alfalfa plant. 
Prof. Kilgore, of the North Carolina Experiment 
Station, says of it : 

Our experience with burr clover is encouraging. 
While we made almost an entire failure from sowing 
the clover last summer, due to the very dry, hot fall, 
in which almost all grasses and clovers failed, the 
areas on which this clover grew last spring were 
nicely reseeded and have produced a good crop. After 
the clover was taken off last spring, cotton and corn 
followed on the same land. This clover gave grazing 
last fall and a small amount during the entire winter, 
and a large amount after spring opened, and to the 
first of April. Since that time the clover has grown 
to a height of two feet, and is now maturing seed. I 
believe it is the most promising crop we have found 
for winter grazing and soil improvement, especially 
in rotation with cotton and corn. To show its value 
for soil improvement, our experimental plat which 
had this crop on it last year, and on which cotton fol- 
lowed, yielded four hundred pounds more seed cotton 
per acre and without any nitrogen (or ammonia) in 
the fertilizer, than a corresponding plat fertilized 
with four pounds of complete fertilizer, which cost 
40 per cent, more than the fertilizer given to the burr 
clover area. We find that the burr containing the 
seed of this clover always carries the bacteria for the 
inoculation of the crop. We have found that this 
same bacteria inoculates alfalfa. We planted a small 
area in alfalfa on the burr clover land last winter and 
now have good, vigorous plants, well inoculated, on 
the soil. We are using the burr clover soil at Edge- 
combe to inoculate our alfalfa. It has been question- 
able as to whether or not alfalfa could be grown on the 
Eastern sandy lands. Two acres of this crop put out 
last spring is now in splendid condition, well inocu- 
lated, and gives every promise of being an entire suc- 
cess. I think a thin seeding of the burr clover with 
alfalfa, or else preceding alfalfa by burr clover to 
inoculate the soil, will solve the problem of getting 
the proper bacteria in the soil for alfalfa, and at 
small cost and trouble. This is the prime considera- 
tion in the growing of this crop. Our experiments in 
this line, I consider, make it now easy for us to get 
this inoculation. 



HOW I BUILT UP A POOR FARM. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Tf having been the owner of poor land fits a man 
to write about it, and if he is competent in proportion 



to the poverty of the land, then I think I am the most 
competent man in North Carolina to discourse about 
poor land. Some years ago I bought some so poor 
that the ownership carried a distinct species of dis- 
grace along with it. For time out of mind owners, 
and since the war successive tenants, had skinned that 
land, or tried to, for generally the land did the skin- 
uing, the tenants being poorer at harvest than at seed 
time. 

This land lay convenient to me. It was free from 
rocks, hills and waste place. It was light and indeed 
somewhat given to sandiness, and therefore pleasant 
to cultivate. I bought it, giving the owner consider- 
ably less than half the price he paid for it a few years 
previously, and set to work to make it productive. 

I did not intend for that land to break me, as it 
was said to have served its former owners ; therefore 
I sought to proceed upon economical lines. Aware 
that of the three elements of fertility — ammonia, 
potash and phosphoric acid — ammonia is both the 
most costly and the easiest to escape the soil, I decided 
to buy as little ammonia as possible, especially as it 
costs about three times as much as the other ingredi- 
ents per pound. Of course I had to have ammonia, 
but I knew that I could get it without buying it at so 
much per ton — in fact, get it free. Potash and phos- 
phoric acid I also needed largely. These I had to 
buy, because there was no other way to get them into 
the soil. 

The land was plowed and run off in rows three feet 
apart. In these rows I sowed a mixture of 150 lbs. 
of kainit and 100 lbs. of acid phosphate per acre. 
Listing on this furrow by a farrow from each side, I 
then split open the list with one furrow. This served 
to mix the fertilizer in the soil and also threw open 
the furrow for the peas. In this furrow I sowed 
evenly early in June cow peas at the rate of one 
bushel to the acre and covered them lightly with a 
small tooth cultivator. During the summer, as 
needed, they were given three workings with the 
small cultivator, no hoe work being required. 

The result was a fair crop of cow peas and pea 
vines. The peas I picked as soon as ripe and cut the 
vines for forage. 

In September I plowed under the stubble and ap- 
plied broadcast the same quantity and the same kind 
of fertilizer used for the peas. This I harrowed in 
with a disk harrow, leaving a perfect sesd bed. Or. 
this I sowed annual (crimson) clover at the rate of 
three gallons to the acre, and dragged it in with a 
bush. 

The following spring the clover yielded a moderate 



726 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November 



crop of forage, the land being yet too poor to raise 
clover with much success. 

In June I plowed under the crimson clover stubble 
and again drilled in peas, using the same fertilizer 
and the same mode of culture as the preceding year. 
The autumn showed how my land was improving. 
The crop of both peas and pea vines was good — I 
might almost say excellent. 

In September the pea stubble was plowed under 
and crimson clover again sown, the treatment being 
the same as that of the fall before. The next spring 
gave a very good crop of clover hay indeed. This 
I again followed with peas, the cultivation and ma- 
nuring being the same as for the two former crops. 
The crop of peas and forage that came that summer 
was a wonder. Its equal had never been seen in the 
neighborhood. 

I now found that this pauper farm had been trans- 
formed into a very good one indeed, worth many 
times what I paid for it. That fall I turned under 
the pea stubble and put the land in strawberries — my 
staple crop. Since then I have grown as fine berries 
and as fine crops of all kinds on that land as anybody 
has grown in the county. Every two or three years 
I have rotated in cow peas or crimson clover, using 
potash in the form of sulphate of potash and acid 
phosphate on the berry crop, and my land grows 
better and better. 0. W. Blacknai/l. 



MR. CLARK'S HAY CROP OF 1904. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I now have the second crop in the barn off my ll£- 
acre field, which is all I have down to grass this year. 
The first crop yield was 120,173 lbs., the second crop 
55,650 lbs. — total for the year on the 11-J acres, 
175,823 lbs. — over 1\ tons to the acre in the two 
crops. 

The f-acre field, now seeded 15 years, cut this year 
first crop 14,728 lbs., second crop 7,650 lbs. — total 
22,378 lbs. Total crop on the £-acre field in 15 
years at one seeding, 250,650 lbs. Please notice this 
year in the two crops over 11 tons. I think the yield 
most remarkable, the 15th year after seeding, over 11 
tons of well-dried hay. One word on the matter of 
drying my hay — the first crop this year had an ave- 
rage of three full days good sunshine ; the second crop 
had eight days without rain, five of them bright sun- 
shine, well teddered and spread and heaped up every 
night. This is my method of drying hay. If your 
readers will send me a two-cent stamp I will tell them 
how to produce similar crops. George M. Clark. 

Higganum, Conn. 



HOME GROWN ALFALFA SEED. 

We are in receipt of the following letter from th« 
Department of Agriculture on this subject, and in- 
vite the attention of our readers to it. There is n© 
reason whatever why our farmers should not rais« 
their own alfalfa seed, and thus be certain as to its 
purity and germinative quality, besides being alse 
assured of its thorough acclimation. Much depends 
on these points as to the siiccess of the crop : 

I have your letter of September 17th, and am glad 
to know that the raising of alfalfa seed will receive 
your attention the coming year. I believe that it 
would be an advantage in many cases if farmers 
could use home grown seed. I would say that ordi- 
narily the second crop is used for seed, although 
other crops may be used if the conditions are satis- 
factory for the ripening of the seed and curing the 
hay. The hay may be mowed, cured and stacked as 
for hay. The cutting should be clone when about 
half of the pods are thoroughly ripe. In many 
places the hay is cut with a self-binder and th« 
sheaves shocked. The threshing then takes place 
from the shock. Much of the seed is threshed with 
an ordinary threshing machine, but it is much better 
to use the alfalfa huller. The yield is likely to bo 
5-7 bushels per acre. A. S. Hitchcock, 

In Charge of Alfalfa and Clover Investigations. 

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 



WHAT THE PLANTER HAS DONE FOR ONE SUB- 
SCRIBER. 

We are in receipt of the following very satisfac- 
tory letter from a Pennsylvania subscriber. It illus- 
trates the importance of the point of perfect prepa- 
ration of the land before planting a crop, which w« 
have so often advised and emphasized. No matter 
what the crop, the perfect preparation of the land 
before seeding or planting is of infinitely more im- 
portance than the quantity oi quality of the fertil- 
izer applied : 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Have been very busy harvesting Irish potatoes. 
Will have 2,200 bushels of potatoes, and thank you, 
Mr. Editor, for advising in your spring numbers to 
properly fit the soil before planting. Our spring 
was wet and late, and many planted on poorly pre- 
pared ground with disappointing results. It pays 
to thoroughly pulverize the ground before planting. 
The laud on which I grew these potatoes would only 
yield from half to one ton of timothy hay per acre. 
I used 800 pounds of fertilizer per acre, buying the 
chemicals from one of your advertisers and mixing 
them on the barn floor. I did all the work myself. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



727 



Yield from 150 to 200 bushels per acre. Nothing 
large about the yield, but considering an old tough 
sod and extreme stony ground, I think I did very 
well. Neighbors said, "Starve to death" when I 
moved on last spring, and now I have $1,100 worth 
of potatoes and nearly $200 worth of vegetables to 
show for my season's work. I plant with Aspin- 
wall potato machinery, and harvest with a Hallock 
digger. Long may the Planter live to do good. 

Feed. Harvey. 
Clearfield, Pa. 



ALFALFA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

All indications seem to point to Virginia as the 
ideal climate and soil for alfalfa. It appears to be 
destined to revolutionize our entire system of farm- 
ing. One ton of good alfalfa hay is said to be worth 
over two tons of either red clover or timothy hay. 
In fact, the value is placed much higher by many 
chemists, who have analyzed it. One seeding will 
last forty years or more, but generally it takes two 
years and oftener three to get a good stand, but once 
obtained it is almost invaluable. With inoculation 
a stand can be obtained in two years, and it ought 
always to be inoculated. 

The cost is comparatively small. It has succeed- 
ed as far north as Canada, and as far south as Flori- 
da. It can be cut four times a year, and the aver- 
age yield is about four tons to the acre. The pro- 
tein in alfalfa hay makes it extremely valuable for 
cattle and hogs, and indeed all stock. My knowl- 
edge of it is obtained second hand, but it rests upon 
the highest kind of practical evidence of men who 
have tried it. It will inevitably raise the price and 
value of Virginia real estate, and ought to double the 
present number of our cattle and hogs. And as far 
as I am able to judge, it is eminently suited to the 
land of Southside Virginia. It is said by Mr. Shir- 
ley, of Indiana, in the last number of the Southern 
Planter, that in Colorado the roots have been known 
to go in the ground 129 feet; this is almost incredi- 
ble, but it is certainly true that they will go a great 
depth. This is the true reason why it lasts for forty 
years or more. From all I can gather, it can be 
successfully sowed in Virginia at any time from the 
20th of March to the 20th of September, and if it is 
inoculated, a good stand can be obtained in two years. 
Twenty pounds of good, clean seed to the acre sowed 
both ways broadcast upon splendidly prepared soil 
is the proper amount to sow. One hundred and 
fifty pounds of soil at seventy-five cents f. o. b. per 



100 pounds is ample to inoculate the acre, and the 
stand ought to be disked once every season, and the 
weeds and alfalfa be cut with the mower three or 
four times a year for the first two years so as to pre- 
vent the weeds seeding and to thicken the stand. 
After that time when a good stand is obtained the 
weeds will give no more trouble. The roots, from 
their immense length, draw support from soil which 
has never hitherto been utilized by the farmer. It 
is worthy of a painstaking trial by every farmer in 
Virginia. The writer intends to commence with 
ten acres the next season, and, if successful, he will 
increase it to fifty as rapidly as is practicable. 

Camm Patteson. 
Buckingham Co., Va. 



SOME GOOD IN ALL METHODS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

We see a great deal of contention about different 
methods of farming. Many farmers are dogmatic, 
one-sided, and fixed in their ways. Some of them 
believe commercial fertilizers are the whole thing, 
while others more wisely advocate stable manure ; a 
few would depend almost wholly upon rotation and a 
thorough cultivation of the soil. Of this class the 
number is very small — smaller, possibly, than it 
ought to be. 

The fact is that agricultural science is very com- 
plicated. Therefore it is necessary in practice to ex- 
ercise great care in determining the true method, or 
combination of methods. AVe need to get all the re- 
liable theory and experience that we can and then 
sift for the truth. 

Sometimes even truths seem to be arrayed in op- 
position to each other. I explain this by assuming 
that there are unnoticed differences in the circum- 
stances. It is hard to see all sides of a phenomenon 
at one glance. For example, a progressive farmer 
told me the other day that he was more successful 
when he seeded his loose stubble land to grass in the 
fall by simply scratching the surface and sowing on 
that. He thought the stubble and dead grass acted 
as a cover crop, or a mulch, to protect the young crop 
in winter. 

There is doubtless much truth in this. Yet, on the 
other hand, some of the best hay farmers tell us that 
the land should be thoroughly plowed, pulverized and 
cleansed of all trash before we sow. They say fur- 
ther that there should be no cover crop. 

Which is right? Perhaps both are right from 
their respective viewpoints. The clean culture far- 



728 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



mer sows early in order that his grass may become 
well established before winter. He wants all for- 
eign matter out of the way of the new crop and the 
soil so finely divided in texture that the tender roots 
may readily take up the plant food held in solution 
and grow off rapidly. The two parties see different 
points of advantage, and no doubt there is virtue in 
each. 

All reasonable ways of putting in a crop have 
their valuable points. It is the same with all farm 
work. This is why there is so much diversity of 
opinion about farm matters, and why it is so hard to 
have a settled science of agriculture. We thus see 
why it is so difficult to agree upon the relative value 
of fertilizers, manures and cultivation. Commer- 
cial fertilizers do good under favorable circumstances. 
Stable manure, we know, makes land much more 
productive, and there certainly is no discount on 
thorough cultivation and rotation as crop producers. 
All have their merits that should be recognized. It 
is a great mistake to think that all the good is in any 
one method or system of crop production. The best 
features of all methods are bound to bring satis- 
factory results. T. C. Karns. 

Powell Station, Tenn. 



"If there is one rule applicable to all successful 
farming, it is the old saying that, 'Whatever is worth 
doing, is worth doing well.' More intensive farming 
and a more exact knowledge and practice of the best 
methods in every branch are needed. This can be ob- 
tained by watching the agricultural papers and study- 
ing reports of the agricultural colleges and experi- 
ment stations, which are sent free to all who ask for 
them. Farmers want to take a little more pride in 
their business, and show it in their surroundings. 
They do not need to have their fields unsightly by 
reason of weeds and bushes growing where they do 
not belong, nor the walls and fences tumbling down, 
nor their dooryards littered with tools that should be 
housed, and carts that should be broken up with much 
other rubbish fit only for the wood pile. These are 
little things, and may not seem to have much in- 
fluence on the profit of the farm, but these little 
things neglected give it an unthrifty look that helps 
to drive the more ambitious children off the farm just 
when they are old enough to have taken some pride 
in it. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of The Southerh 
Planter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the 
month for replies to appear in the next month's issue. 



Utilizing Bones. 

Will you please state if you know of any way that 
I might utilize the ^ye in potash fertilizers to dissolve 
raw bones without the expense of grinding them up. 
Do you believe lime is strong enough to eat the bones 
up if covered over them in a box or barrel ? If I 
could manage this I could make a cheaper fertilizer 
by buying the bones raw. A Subscriber. 

Port Walthall, Va. 

The best way to utilize bones, if you cannot get 
them ground, is to dig a trench in clay soil and put in 
a layer of bones and then a layer of wood ashes alter- 
nately until the trench is filled, and then keep the lot 
damp with water. This will gradually soften them 
so that they will crumble, and then mix with soil and 
apply to the crop. You might use some of the potash 
fertilizers, like muriate of potash, to soften the bones, 
in the place of the ashes, but this would make the 
cost greater. — Ed. 



Value of Broom Corn Stalk and Chess or Cheat as 

Feed. 

What is the value of broom corn stalk for feeding 
to cattle ? Also cheat or chess that grows sometimes 
in .winter wheat or oats if ground with corn or 
other grain ? In fact, have either any feeding value ? 

Surry Co., Va. J. M. H. 

Whilst broom corn stalks contain a fair percentage 
of nutritive value, the woody fibre is so abundant 
that they are unpalatable to stock, and therefore can- 
not be usefully utilized as feed. Cheat or chess has 
practically no feed value, or a very low one, for stock, 
and is not worth saving for that purpose. — Ed. 



Early Irish Potato Growiiig in Tidewater, Va. 

I have recently purchased a farm in Mathews 
County, Va., and I want to make a specialty of Irish 
potatoes as a trucking crop. This land is a loam, but 
poor. Will you be kind enough to tell me in your 
next issue the kind of seed to use, how many bushels 
to plant to the acre, the kind, how much fertilizer to 
use and when to plant ? I want to get these potatoes 
on the market as soon as possible in the spring. In 
fact, I want to beat the other fellow if possible. You 
might also indicate as to the preparation of the land, 
cultivation, etc. W. D. Burley. 

Mathews Co., Va. 

The soil for the early Irish potato crop should be a 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



729 



mellow, sandy loam, well supplied with vegetable 
matter. Land newly cleared from the forest is excel- 
lent, but the best preparation on old land is to grow a 
crop of peas on the land the previous season and let 
them die on the land to be plowed under for the crop. 
The plowing under should be done as soon as the 
vines are dead in fall, as if plowed under just before 
planting they are apt to promote the scab fungus. 
Planting should be done as soon as the land can be 
gotten in good order after January, and they should 
be planted not later than the first half of March to get i 
on the Northern markets when high prices prevail. 
As the crop is to be grown at a time when nitrifica- 
tion in the soil is not active, a high grade fertilizer 
should be used. Irish potatoes are one crop upon 
which the highest grade of commercial fertilizer can 
be used with greater success than any other form of 
manuring. The use of farm-yard manure on the crop 
is very liable to cause scab. The fertilizer must be 
applied with a liberal hand. Many of the best grow- 
ers use from 1,000 to 2,000 lbs. of the highest grade 
fertilizer per acre. The following formulas may be 
used : 300 lbs. nitrate of soda, 600 lbs. fish scrap, 800 
lbs. acid phosphate (14 per cent.), 300 lbs. muriate 
of potash — or 300 lbs. nitrate of soda, 600 lbs. cotton 
seed meal, 800 lbs. dissolved bone black, 300 lbs. 
muriate of potash. 

It will take from 8 to 10 bushels of seed to plant 
an acre, cut to 2 or 3 eye pieces. The best seed to use 
for the crop is second crop Southern grown seed. As 
to the variety — this is a question on which there is 
much difference of opinion, but we still strongly favor 
the Early Rose, when seed of true breeding can be 
relied upon. Thoroughbred, Red Bliss Triumph, 
Puritan and Crown Jewel are also desirable varieties. 
If you are satisfied that your land is good enough to 
grow the crop — that is to say, has sufficient vegetable 
matter in it — plow at once, and plow deeply. Work 
it whenever dry enough through the winter, and then 
at the time above named lay off in rows 2 ft. 6 or 3 
feet apart and plant 15 inches apart in the rows. — 
Ed. 



and the ground to become consolidated again. The 
crop turned under late makes the soil too puffy for 
the best success of the wheat. — Ed. 



Preparing Pea Fallow for Wheat. 

How would you prepare corn land for wheat upon 
which is a fair cover of peas ? Would it be better to 
turn the peas under, or would they help the land if 
disked in with a disk harrow? J. M. W. 

Franklin Co., Va. 

Cut the peas into the ground with a disk harrow. 
It is always risky to plow a pea crop down for wheat, 
unless done very early, so that they have time to rot 



Road-Making. 

We have made a stretch of road, with gravel taken 
from river bed. The gravel was screened and the 
coarser put in the bottom and the finer on top to a 
total depth of 5 to 6 inches. The road packs a little 
after rain, but soon dries out and becomes soft and 
loose, making it unpleasant for driving and difficult 
for hauling. What can you suggest doing to make the 
gravel bond, and thus make a hard Macadam road ? 

Transylvania Co., N. C. H. E. Teneb. 

Spread on the road a good coating of heavy clay 
soil and harrow this well into the gravel, and then roll 
and keep well rolled until thoroughly consolidated, 
taking care to keep the centre of the road well above 
the sides so that no water will stand upon or soak into 
it after it has once been rolled. — Ed. 



Lump on Calf— Japan Clover. 

1. I have a male calf six months old that has a hard 
lump nearly as large as my fist immediately in front 
of navel. It appears to be very painful to the touch, 
and seems to make the animal dull and languid. Give 
cause and remedy for same. 

2. Is Japan clover of any value as feed? My 
pasture has become completely overrun with it, to the 
exclusion of grass. My cattle do not seem to thrive 
on it. I have heard cows would dry up from eating 
it. D. J. Wadxee. 

Spotsylvania Co., Va. 

1. This is a case of umbilical hernia. It is often 
seen in young animals, and frequently heals sponta- 
neously as the animal gets older. As the animal gets 
older the abdominal muscles get stronger and possess 
more power of resistance to pressure, the bowels be- 
come larger and do not pass so readily through a 
small opening, so that from a combination of causes 
there is a gradual growing together or adhesion of the 
sides of the navel. In cases of umbilical hernia, 
where there are no indications that a spontaneous cure 
will take place, the calf should be laid on its back, and 
immediately this is done the hernia will often disap- 
pear into the abdomen. If it does not, its reduction 
may be brought about by gentle handling, endeavor- 
ing, if need be, to empty the organs forming the 
hernia before returning them into the abdomen. After 
the hernia has been returned the hair should be clip- 
ped off from the skin covering it and a compress com- 
posed of ten or twelve folds of linen or cotton should 
be applied, first smearing the skin with pitch, and 
then a bandage of about three inches wide should be 



730 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



passed round the body so as to retain the compress in 
position. Smear the part of the bandage next the 
compress with pitch to keep it in place. If the con- 
tents of the sac cannot be returned into the abdomen, 
then a surgical operation will be necessary to reduce 
the hernia. 

2. Japan clover is a plant of the legume family, 
and, like all the legumes, makes valuable feed and 
constantly improves the land upon which it grows by 
gathering nitrogen from the atmosphere. There is no 
truth in the saying that it dries up cows. The reason 
that your cows do not thrive upon it is because the 
growth is not sufficiently tall to give them a good bite. 
When the land becomes rich enough to grow it luxu- 
riantly, they will thrive on it. We have heard the 
late Mr. Howe, of Fredericksburg, who was one of the 
first men in the State to sow Japan clover, say that, 
although he gave a high price for the seed, he would 
not be without it on his farm even if he had to give 
$10 a bushel for the seed, and he kept one of the fines!; 
herds of Jersey cattle in the State. As an improver 
of the land alone, it is worth growing, as it will grow 
and thrive on poorer land than almost any of the 
legumes, and gradually fits them for producing other 
crops. In the Gulf States it makes a valuable hay 
crop. — Ed. 



Lime. 



How much can I afford to pay for common rock 
or builders' lime for agricultural purposes, and haul 
same four miles over fairly good road ? In other 
words, will it go any further than the shell lime ? The 
lime in question has become air slacked by standing 
in house eight or ten months. J. R. D. 

Pitt Co., N. C. 

The lime is no more valuable than shell lime in 
this condition. Both are carbonates of lime, and both 
will prove of great value to your land. You should 
get it for $3 per ton. — Ed. 



Sores on Mule. 

Please give me a remedy for sores on my mule's 
legs. They appear to be caused by the animal biting 
itself, which shows there is itching. They heal in 
winter, but appear again in summer, and sometimes 
swell the limb. E. J. Pannild. 

Wash off the scabs with soap suds and a brush, if 
necessary, and then apply a solution of tobacco, 1| 
ounces in 2 pints of water, prepared by boiling the 
tobacco in the water. Pepeat once or twice at inter- 
vals of 10 or 15 days. — Ed. 



Preparing Land for Corn— Implement Dealers- 
Spring Wheat. 

1. I have a piece of land, somewhat sandv loam, 
which has been resting ( ?) for the past two years. I 
want to plow it this fall for corn next spring. Will 
lime sown broadcast this fall help it any? How 
much lime to an acre would you use % 

2. Name some of the largest agricultural imple- 
ment concerns, as I want to get their catalogues. 

3. Will spring wheat grow in this State success- 
fully ? What variety would you advise % 

Campbell Co., Va. C. W. Hek, Jr. 

1. Plow the land this fall or winter, and plow it 
deep, and if possible subsoil it as well. Then apply 
50 bushels of lime per acre and run a harrow over it 
to just mix the lime with the soil, but not to bury it 
deeply. 

2. Ashton Starke, The Implement Co., Henning k 
Nuckols, Watt Plow Co., Call Watt Co. are all large 
dealers in implements in this city, and will gladly 
send you catalogues. See our advertising columns 
for others elsewhere. 

3. Spring wheat cannot be grown successfully in 
this State. — Ed. 



Wheat and Oats as Feed. 

I saw an article some time ago in the Planter 
stating that the most economical way of feeding oats 
to stock was to have them threshed out and feed them 
loose and bale the straw and feed that in winter. It 
is our custom here in Anson County to mix wheat 
with our oats, and when they come ripe enough to 
feed we cut them and feed without threshing. What 
I want to know is, will wheat and oats sowed in this 
way threshed out make as good feed as the oats will 
by themselves ? E. K. Dunlap. 

Anson Co., N. C. 

We do not recall ever having advised the threshing 
of oats intended to be fed to stock, though some one 
else may have done so. Our advice always has been 
to feed the oats in the straw. In this way the full 
feeding value of the crop, and it is a high one, is se- 
cured. The mixing of wheat with the oats will not 
improve the feed value of the crop, as oats alone, both 
grain and straw, have a higher feed value than wheat 
and wheat straw. The mixing of the two crops will 
result in a greater yield of feed, as this is almost in- 
variably the result of growing two of the cereals 
together. We have had a number of reports of the 
mixed crop, showing this to be the case. The two 
crops grown together and cut in the milk stage make 
excellent feed, but it should be fed as cut and not be 
threshed. — Ed. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



731 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The great press of work in the garden and truck 
patch being now over, opportunity should be taken 
to clean up thoroughly all trash and rubbish and to 
burn the same, so as to destroy all spores of fungoid, 
diseases and the eggs and embryos of all insects. 
When this has been done, have all unoccupied land 
plowed deeply, and give it a dressing of lime at the 
rate of 50 bushels to the acre. This will sweeten the 
soil, which is very apt to become soured and unpro- 
ductive and in need of lime to hasten the decay of 
vegetable matter turned under. Harrow the lime in 
lightly and then seed with a mixture of crimson 
clover, hairy vetch and wheat and oats. This will 
make a cover for the soil during winter, and give 
green feed for the chickens and a good fallow to plow 
down in the spring. 



The planting of cabbages for the spring crop should 
be pushed on so that the same may get hold of the soil 
and commence to make root growth before winter 
sets in. See that the land is made rich with plenty 
of barn-yard manure and some high-grade fertilizer, 
not too rich in ammonia, but having plenty of phos- 
phoric acid and potash. In our last issue we gave 
some advice as to the manner of setting out the plants, 
to which we refer our readers. 



Lettuce plants should be set out in the cold frames 
for winter and early spring cutting. See to it that 
the soil put into the frames is in a sweet and friable 
condition. Never use the old soil in the frames for 
lettuce, as it is very apt to cause rotting of the plants 
and damping off. Keep the frames open as long as 
the weather is mild. 



Celery should be earthed up so as to blanch the 
same. Keep the soil out of the hearts of the plants 
by either tying the sjtalks together with soft material 
or by holding them close together with the hand when 
drawing the soil to them. 



Cover asparagus beds with a heavy coating of 
barn-yard manure, first cutting off the old stalks and 
weeds. 



Set out strawberry plants in well prepared land. 
Be careful not to set the plants too deep so as to cover 
the crowns. Let the land be made fairly rich with 



phosphoric acid and potash and well rotted manure. 
Fresh manure is apt to introduce weed seeds into the 
beds, which make work and trouble in spring. 



Land may be got ready for planting bush fruits 
and orchard trees, and the bushes, canes and trees 
may be set out towards the end of the month and in 
December. Do not place manure in the holes in 
which the trees are to be set, but plant them with 
good soil and mulch the ground after the plants are 
set with strawy manure to afford protection and slow 
feeding during the winter and spring. In setting out 
an orchard for home supply set out a few trees of 
varieties maturing their fruit at different seasons, so 
as to keep up a continuous supply for the table. In 
planting an orchard for commercial purposes plant 
only one or two standard varieties adapted to the 
section. It is much easier to market a large crop 
of one or two varieties than a mixed lot. Buyers 
will seek the large lots of one variety, but the seller 
has generally to seek the buyers for small lots of 
many varieties. 



ONION GROWING. 

In our last issue we advised the planting of onion 
sets for the early spring green onions and for dry 
bulbs for the early market. A series of experiments 
has been condxicted at the Oregon Experiment Sta- 
tion to determine the relative advantages of growing 
onions by transplanting and by sowing in the field. 
The seed for the onions to be transplanted was sown 
in boxes in January, and they were kept slowly 
growing in cool frames until March, when they were 
transplanted into the field. The seed for the open 
field grown crop was sowed in drills in the field on 
February 28th. The following table gives the re- 
sults : 

Yield.—— — Incr'e due 

Trans- Field to trans- 

planted. Sown, plarting 

Variety. Bus. Bus. Eds. 

Sutton Ailsa Craig 992 393 599 

Australian Brown 648 525 123 

Red Wethersfield 432 263 169 

Silver Skin 432 280 152 

Yellow Globe 770 485 285 

The table brings out clearly the increased yields 
obtained with all varieties with the earlier seeding 
and transplanting. 



732 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



STRAWBERRIES IN OCTOBER. 

We have been eating strawberries for several weeks 
tbis montb grown a short distance out of this city, 
and sold at 20 cents per basket. The grower has bad 
quite a fine crop of beautifully colored and flavored 
berries — in fact, much finer flavored than those we 
had in the spring, when, on account of the cold 
weather, they were hard and sour. This fall crop is 
worth attention, as the berries sell readily after the 
bulk of the peach crop is gone. They can be had by 
setting out the plants in the fall and not allowing 
them to bloom and set fruit in the spring. — Ed. 



APPLE GROWING IN THE EAST. 

We take the following extract from an address 
made by Mr. Orlando Harrison before the Maryland 
Horticultural Society, as reported in the Country 
Gentleman : 

Apples are attracting the attention of the fruit- 
irrower as well as the farmer more than at any other 
time in the past, as the apple has become a necessity. 
Oaly a few weeks ago I had the pleasure of visiting 
Frederick Wellhouse, of Kansas, at his home, a man 
seventy-five years of age, full of enthusiasm for ap- 
ples. He has now planted 1,635 acres, and is recog- 
nized as the apple king of the world; has made a 
financial success, and the earnest advice he gave me 
on apple-growing was of great value. He impressed 
on me the necessity of system, keeping accurate ac- 
counts of what is expended, and insists that a man 
who plants apple trees, cultivates well the first five 
years, and has push and vim, and makes his orchard 
self-supporting the first five years, cannot help but 
succeed. 

Mr. Wellhouse succeeds best with the following 
varieties, named in order as to their value: Jonathan, 
Mil 30uri Pippin, Ben Davis, Winesap, Gano, York 
Imperial, Maiden's Blush and Cooper's Early. The 
two last named varieties be has marked from his list 
in bis last plantings. He has marketed his crop as 
low as five and a half cents per bushel, while it has 
cost him as much as ten cents per bushel to pick and 
barrel them. His largest crop was in 1890, being 
70,170 bushels from thirty-five acres. He prefers 
the high hills of the best soil for best success, and 
such land costs him $50 per acre. He has made a 
reputation as a successful apple-grower, and is proud 
of bis profession, which has helped toward success. 

After spending three weeks in the West, seeing 
where the apple seedlings were grown on the black 
bottoms frequently overflowed by water, while their 
nurseries and orchards often do not go through the 
winter safely, I feel better contented with Maryland 
as an apple-growing State far in advance of any other 



I could select, especially the rich soil of Washington 
county. We have better apple soil, richer, cheaper, 
nearer the exportation port, cheaper labor and many 
natural advantages. There is no reason for leaving 
the State to find land to engage in a profitable and 
delightful business. About 75 per cent, of the ap- 
ples planted in the mountainous regions are York 
Imperial and Ben Davis, while Grime's Golden, Mis- 
souri Pippin, Gano, Jonathan, Landford Seedling, 
M. B. Twig, Winesap, Stayman's Winesap, N. W. 
Greening, Rome Beauty and Smith's Cider are plant- 
ed in light quantities by many. 



SHOULD FARMERS RAISE THEIR OWN FRUITS? 

Editor Southern Planter: 

That fruit, in the fruit season, is agreeable to the 
taste, healthful and desirable as a part of our diet, is 
not disputed by anybody. That farmers generally 
should raise all the fruits needed by their families is 
a proposition not quite ^o clear. There are some 
States in the Union, and some regions in each State, 
where the soil and climate are not favorable for 
raising some kinds of fruit, and possibly not the best 
quality of any. In these States, or parts of States, 
it would seem that the question of fruit raising had 
been decided in the negative by the Almighty. Rich 
men, for pleasure, may grow tropical fruits in hot 
houses, but the generality of farmers will raise the 
crops for which their soil and climate are adapted, 
and buy their oranges and prunes from Florida and 
California. This is in accordance with the true 
principles of trade, without which there could be no 
commerce. 

It may not always be the best policy for a farmer 
to raise all the fruits which grow well in his neigh- 
borhood. One man cannot do everything, and do it 
well. He might be able to buy some of his fruits 
cheaper than he could raise them. Men who do 
only one particular thing become very expert at that, 
and consequently can do it quicker, better and cheaper 
than the man with less knowledge and experience. 
There are some places where even quite common 
fruit like strawberries cannot be bought, and a far- 
mer must raise them himself or go without them. 

Where apple trees grow well, are long lived, and 
productive, as in most of the Eastern and Middle 
States, farmers should certainly set out trees enough 
of the best varieties to supply their families with 
this king of all the tree fruits. Where the soil and 
climate are unfavorable, as in many parts of the 
West, it is not only unprofi table, but vexatious and 
discouraging to set oiit tree3, as they only live a few 
years after they begin to bear, and more trees must 
be set out every few years to supply their places. 
Tn Adams county, III, grapes, raspberries, black- 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



733 



berries and strawberries grow nicely, but Mr. John 
M. Stahl says that it costs considerably more to raise 
apples, and five times as much to raise peaches, pears 
and plums than the same quality of fruit can be 
bought for raised in more favorable localities. The 
same may be said of more counties in that and sev- 
eral other Western States. In Kane county, HI., I 
was told by a friend who has lived there a long time, 
that eight years was about the average lifetime of 
apple trees. They could be made to live longer by 
the protection of a wind-brake, but the protection 
would cost labor, and make the fruit more expen- 
sive. 

In Missouri thousands of apple trees die every 
year from what they call "root blight," and the 
remedy is said to be to allow the trees to form a head 
so low down that the lower limbs rest on the ground. 
If the remedy were a sure one. apples could be raised 
it is true, but such orchards could not be cultivated 
or kept seeded with valuable grasses, and would soon 
grow up full of noxious weeds, and instead of being 
a thing of beauty, would soon become an eye-sore and 
a harbor for woodchucks, skunks and other wild 
vermin. 

Currants, all things considered, are the most valu- 
able and easiest raised of all the small fruits. They 
are not so delicious to the taste as strawberries, but 
are more valuable because so much easier raised. 
They a*re indigenous in the temperate zone of Asia, 
Europe and America, and the black variety is so 
hardy it endures the rigorous climate of the Shet- 
land Islands. The red and white varieties are the 
best, the whites not being quite so sour as the red. 
With reasonable care and manuring, they will grow 
on the same ground as long as asparagus, and pro- 
duce crops every year. Eor thirty years our bushes 
have not failed to bear every* season. The only labor 
is to manure them, keep the weeds pulled out, the old 
canes removed, and the green worms destroyed. A 
little white hellebore, about a heaping tablespoonful 
in ten quarts of water, well stirred and sprayed on 
from a watering pot will kill the worms every time. 

There is no other fruit that will remain on the 
bnshes so long after getting ripe without rotting or 
drying up, becoming tasteles,-' or wormy. It seems 
to lie their particular virtue to hang on the bushes 
and keep good until they can be used. 

There is no good reason why farmers should not 
raise gooseberries. They are not quite so good 
tasted as currants, and the bi shes are full of sharp 
'thorns, which wound the hurried picker's hands, but 
they are easily raised, are fine for stewing or can- 
ning, and provide an agreeable change, which all 
tastes desire. Their chief enemy is the currant 
worm, which must be fought with hellebore. Rasp- 
berries and blackberries are as easily raised as cab- 
bage or corn. The wild black caps and reds from 



the woods of the vicinity will improve by cultivation, 
and be the kinds that will surely endure the climate. 
Most farmers, raise grapes, and all ought to. The 
Clinton and Concord, though not the best, are the 
hardiest here and will endure the most neglect. 

J. W. Ingham. 
Except in the mountains of the west of this State 
we have never seen either currants or gooseberries 
grown in the South worth gathering. The climate 
is too warm for them. The gooseberries raised are 
poor, miserable, sour berries, no larger than the wild 
ones to be found in England. We have in that 
country grown gooseberries by the bushel as large as 
plums, and quite as good flavored and sweet as the 
best plums. Mildew is the great enemy of the goose- 
berry in this country. There has not yet been pro- 
duced a berry resistant to this disease. We would 
not advise any one to try to raise currants or goose- 
berries in the South. Strawberries are the best of 
the small fruits for the South. In bush fruits, 
blackberries and raspberries are the best, but even 
these suffer in a hot summer, and are small and 
hard. — Ed. 



STOCKS AND SCIONS: THEIR MUTUAL 
INFLUENCES. 

Although a great deal is written about fruit and 
fruit trees in all agricultural papers, but little is 
ever said about grafting and budding, and what little 
one does see consists, almost without exception, of 
brief instructions how to perform these compara- 
tively simple operations. 

This, however, is but the A B C of the business, 
and, I fear, but few of us have got beyond it, or if 
we have, have religiously kept our information to 
ourselves. The important questions of the relative 
influences of stock on scion and of scion on stock 
are, almost without exception, passed over in silence, 
and yet the size, quality and time of ripening of 
fruit largely depend on the kind of stock used. 

Referring to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, article 
"Horticulture," this point is briefly alluded to, and 
one interesting illustration showing the influence of 
stock on scion is given — namely, the Cytisus Adami, 
a graft hybrid, originated bv grafting Cytisus Pur- 
pureus on the common laburnum, the hybrid produc- 
ing some flowers and foliage like each of its parents, 
and some intermediate between the two. 

I am satisfied that a late apple grafted on the 
stock of an early variety, or on the seedling of one, 
matures earlier, and an early grafted on a late, ma- 
tures later than the average ; also, the size, shape, 
color and flavor of the fruit are more or less influ- 
enced. 

T believe many nurservmen have been blamed for 



734 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



selling stock not true to name, where the fault has! 
been due to careless selection of stocks to graft on. f 

Unfortunately, it does not appear that enough 
experiments have been recorded to reduce the laws of 
grafting (outside of politics) to anything like scien- 
tific accuracy. 

I trust some more experienced than I will con- 
tribute their experiences in this most interesting and 
profitable subject. 

In a nearby orchard, a friend of mine has grafted 
one variety of pear on different stock, which pear is 
a large late cooking variety, and the nature of the 
different stocks on which it is grafted is known. 

On the Bartlett, the pear partakes of that nature, 
being modified in shape and markings to that of the 
Bartlett, the flavor being slightly mellowed, but its 
large size being well mainlined. 

Grafted on the Seckel, both shape and skin ap- 
proximate to that variety, though retaining the large 
size ; whilst a third, grafted on the mountain ash, 
differs from both the others. The original pear ap- 
pears somewhat different from any of these, but I 
do not know what the nature of the stock it is grafted 
on may be. 

I remember eating pear,-; in both England and 
Ireland which had gritty flesh next the core, and in 
both countries this was, rightly or wrongly, attribu- 
ted to their being grafted on the English hawthorn 
or white thorn stock. 

Another subject of interest is fruit tree seedlings. 
Presumably, the nearer the fruits approximate to 
the wild varieties, the less variation there will be in 
the specimens raised from seed. 

At any rate, I believe it to be a fact that apricots, 
peaches and quinces will reproduce themselves with 
fair regularity, apples and pears seldom, generally 
producing worthless varieties, with an occasional 
notable exception of market value; whilst good cher- 
ries, a fairly good percentage of marketable varie- 
ties, and the same may be said of plums. Walnuts 
seem fairly constant to the original type; while cob- 
nuts and filberts tend to revert to the wild hazel, 
whence they sprung. Occasionally, however, a va- 
riety as good as, or better, than the parent is found. 
Of course, with all fruits, careful hybridizing is of' 
the utmosl importance if definite results along given 
lines arc desired. — W. 1. L. Hamilton, in Farmers' 
Advocate (Canada). 

WHAT ARE THE BEST VARIETIES OF PEACHES 
FOR VIRGINIA. 

Mr. R. II. Price, Montgomery Co., Va.: 

Dear Sir, — Your "History of the Peach," South- 
kk.n Pi.wtkk. September, 1904, shows I have been 
planting a wrong race of peaches for this latitude 
(Stump, Cranford, ete.). I am in Albemarle coun- 
ty, Va., within two miles of Blue Ridge, elevation 
900 feet ; soil, red clay loam ; good, natural drainage ; 



field level. Could you be so good as to tell me the 
best peaches to plant here, and where I can buv the 
trees? Yours truly, M. B. Langhorne. 

Albemarle Co., Va. 

While it is a very difficult thing to recommend 
suitable varieties of peaches especially for a given lo- 
cality, still we are beginning to learn that there are 
races of peaches best adapted to certain thermal lines. 
Leaving out high elevations on mountain sides, I 
would not hesitate to plant a considerable number of 
Elberta and Mamie Ross varieties in this State. 
These varieties come from the "North China race." 
They are late bloomers and are hardy in bud. El- 
berta is not a good pollenizer, when planted largely 
by itself. Mamie Ross is an excellent pollenizer for 
itself and Elberta. Therefore I would plant the two 
together. The Elberta variety has made several men 
rich in Georgia and Texas. It heads the list of great 
market peaches of the world. It goes to the northern 
markets from the above mentioned States by the 
train load. It has gone also in sample packages into 
the English markets. When the Texas and Georgia 
crops have been exhausted, why could not Virginia 
and the Carolinas follow up with other shipments. 
These two varieties undoubtedly would grow well on 
our light sandy rolling lands. Our apple orchards 
could be planted on richer and more clayey soils. The 
peaches would be harvested and gone before the ap- 
ples come in. By growing both crops the market 
season of the grower would be prolonged to the ad- 
vantage of his purse. The peach is being neglected 
in Virginia owing largely to the belief of the uncer- 
tain fruiting habits of this fruit. The wrong va- 
rieties have been planted. Bad locations for or- 
chards have been selected. Borers have killed thou- 
sands of trees in the State. We have learned now 
how to overcome all these difficulties. Now let us 
plant some peaches this fall of the two varieties I 
have mentioned. Let the peach industry in Virginia 
grow. There is scarcely a better yellow canning 
peach than the Elberta variety. We can put up all 
we do not ship. The peach is one of the best paying 
fruits to can, as I know by experience. Plant peach 
orchards on the mountain sides and canneries in the 
valleys along the small streams. Begin the work this 
fall. Where can I obtain the varieties? I have not 
examined the lists of Virginia nurserymen for these 
two varieties. If they do not have them, I want 
them to get them. They can be bought of Texas and 
Georgia nurserymen by the car load. Let us have- 
more questions asked about the peach. What are 
your difficulties? I will answer them through the 
Planter. R. H. Prick. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



735 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



THE MANAGEMENT OF BEEF CATTLE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The season of the greatest interest and concern to 
the man who proposes to feed heef cattle is rapidly 
approaching. Now is the time when he must give 
consideration to the kind and class of animals he will 
feed the coming winter, for on the selection of the 
animals depends very much the profits derived from 
his labors and the price obtained for his foodstuffs. 
Any one contemplating feeding beef cattle must think 
about it a long time in advance in order to arrange 
matters to the best advantage, locate supplemental 
foodstuffs which it will be necessary to purchase, and 
secure them for spot cash when the market price is 
lowest. As a rule, it is a mistake to wait until a few 
days before it is desired to put cattle on feed to locate 
them. One then generally has to pay a higher price 
and has to be satisfied with a class of cattle that are 
not as good as could be obtained had forethought and 
a definite plan formed a part of the contemplated 
work. Possibly more loss is sustained through a fail- 
ure to study the markets and the best condition of the 
cattle trade six months hence — the selling time — than 
from any other cause. In a number of instances last 
winter men who had undertaken the feeding of cattle 
failed, according to the observation of the writer, be- 
cause of a failure to map out a definite plan before 
they commenced feeding. One man, for example, 
started to feed a number of cattle for the Christmas 
market. He had had very little experience, and not 
knowing how long it took to finish an animal, found 
them unfit for the market when Christmas arrived. 
He had foolishly commenced feeding them a heavy 
grain ration from the start, thinking by so doing he 
M finish them rapidly, and thus he found his 
grain pretty well exhausted before his cattle were half 
finished. He had also fed them about twice as much 
grain as was necessary to secure a good gain, and 
hence with half-finished cattle on his hands used to 
a heavy grain ration, he could not let down on the 
amount of meal fed. There was no recourse but to 
increase the supply <*f meal and continue to feed for 
several months in order to get rid of the cattle at a 
fair price. The experiment, so far as he was con- 
cerned, was a financial failure, though men in the 
vicinity where this happened fed cattle at a profit. 
The other instances referred to, while different in 
details, were similar in results, and the cause was 
'almost the same. The inference to be drawn is that 
•us who proposes to feed cattle must know what he is 



trying to do, and then must proceed in an intelligent 
way if he hopes to succeed. 

Formulating the plan is therefore the first essential 
and might appropriately form a feeder's motto. True, 
a plan, no matter how well prepared, cannot always 
be adhered to ; but it is easier to meet contingencies 
with one in mind than when going at haphazard gait. 
After the cattle are secured many persons make the 
mistake of putting them on feed at once. Animals 
brought off the grass will not readily take to a fodder 
and grain ration. They must be given several days 
in which to become accustomed to the changed food 
and surroundings. This is appropriately termed the 
preliminary feeding period, and should cover from 7 
to 14 days, the longer perod being preferable. During 
this time very little grain need be fed ; just enough 
to accustom them to its use and to get them to relish 
it. Give them a fair supply of rough fodder or silage, 
as the case may be, but do not feed lavishly. The 
attempt should be rather to teach them to acquire a 
liking for the new food. 

Animals will sometimes not take readily to new 
kinds of food for several days, examples of which are 
sometimes seen in the case of silage and cotton seed 
meal. After they once acquire a taste, however, they 
eat these foods ravenously. The "putting -on-food" 
process should therefore be slow and deliberate. A. 
violent change of foodstuffs requires a new adjust- 
ment of the digestive system, and many j)eople make 
the mistake of trying to rush cattle on a heavy grain 
ration in the beginning, with the result that the appe- 
tite soon becomes cloyed and the animals go "off 
feed," something little short of a disaster to the 
feeder. With new foods and forced feeding from the 
beginning, the digestion is likely to be upset, so the 
cloying of the appetite and "getting off feed" is often 
not a simple matter, but something whose effects may 
be felt for several months. It sometimes happens 
that the animals never again acquire the keen appetite 
with which they started out when first put on feed. 
Thus, the preliminary feeding is a very important 
period, determining very often the success which will 
finally be attained. , 

Where cattle are to be fed for 150 or 180 days, to 
be finished on grass for early slaughter, at least 30 to 
GO days should be consumed in bringing them to full 
feed. In fact they do not reach what is the final con- 
centrate limit until within the last 30 to 60 days. 
At the end of the preliminary feeding period of two 
weeks, the roughness ration may be brought to its full 



736 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



limit, though at this time not more than 4 to 6 pounds 
of meal is best to feed per head per day. The meal 
ration may then be increased one-half to one pound 
per week, depending on the size of the animals. If 
the animals are being fed for 150 days, this will give 
three months, or twelve or thirteen weeks in which to 
reach the final limit of the concentrates fed. Animals 
weighing 800 pounds and receiving four pounds of 
meal when first placed on feed, would then be receiv- 
ing from 12 to 15 pounds of meal per head per day, 
which is all that they will consume profitably. In 
fact, in our experience where silage has been fed it 
has generally been most profitable to limit the meal 
ration with such animals to ten pounds if of cotton 
seed meal, and to ten to twelve pounds if consisting of 
one third to one half cotton seed meal and the balance 
of corn and cob meal. By raising the meal ration 
gradually the digestion of the animal is never upset 
nor the appetite impaired, and thus uniform gains 
are obtained from the beginning to the end of the feed- 
ing experiment, something which is absolutely neces- 
sary if large gains are to be made, for when an animal 
gets "off feed" it often takes two weeks to bring him 
back, and during that time he will certainly stand f 
still, if he does not lose. 

During the progress of the feeding experiment the 
consumption of roughness will decrease and the con- 
centrates increase, and it is well to bear this in mind 
and not allow a lot of food to accumulate in the 
mangers. There is nothing that will throw an animal 
off feed sooner or destroy his appetite more quickly 
than to leave the mangers full of spoiled, picked-over 
food. The mere breathing of the animals on this 
food makes it distasteful to them, and it will also 
soon become musty, thereby endangering both the 
appetite and the health of the animals. The manger 
should be cleaned carefully each day and washed once 
in a while with a strong solution of borax or salt. It 
may take a little time to do this, but it is labor well 
expended, for animals on heavy feed are very likely 
to bic, me dainty, which is, to say the least, a mis- 
fortune 

( lare should also be exercised to see that the foods 
are i'<'<\ in the most palatable condition. Palatability 
increases the consumption of food, and large and uni- 
form gain can only follow where food is consumed 
freely and in the best condition for rapid digestion 
and assimilation. Musty, dirty food should not be 
offered to animals. Clean, bright bay and fodder can 
be had ju-t as well as the other kind, if the farmer is 
a good business man, and if he is not, he had hotter 
keep out of the cattle-feeding business. Should 



-oured or fire-f anged places occur in the silage, throw 
them to one side, as it is liable to throw the animals 
< ft' feed and cause indigestion. The same is true of 
the meal. Cotton seed meal sometimes becomes stale. 
See that only bright, golden-colored meal is pur- 
chased, and then keep it in a well-protected place, so 
it will hold its flavor and quality throughout the feed- 
ing period. 

One who contemplates feeding cattle must provide 
some means for weighing them, if the best results are 
to be obtained. Cattle must be weighed at least every 
ten to fifteen days in order that an estimate may be 
made of their gains, and the food adjusted to their 
needs, and it is only in this way that one can keep up 
with the progress of the respective individuals, for 
the eye is very deceiving, and the best gains are fre- 
quently made when one supposes the animals to be 
standing still. The scales are the best criterion by 
which to ascertain the individual progress of the ani- 
mal and the food supplies needed for the best gains. 
When one finds the animals not making satisfactory 
increase in live weight, the food can be readjusted — 
one concentrate increased or decreased, or a new 
roughness given. Very trifling changes sometimes 
give surprising results, and it is hard to see how one 
can hope to feed cattle successfully where no scales 
are available for weighing them from the time they 
are first placed on feed until they are ready for ship- 
ment. Certainly feeding cannot be done in the ab- 
sence of a pair of scales, with the greatest economy of 
food. 

Another important matter is to see that the animals 
are uniformly supplied with good pure water and 
plenty of salt. A lump of rock salt may be kept in 
the mangers or feeding troughs. A daily currying is 
a great advantage, as it keeps the skin open and 
healthy and aids circulation — a very important mat- 
ter. It is also important to see that the animals are 
kept in comfortable surroundings — good clean stalls, 
with plenty of bedding. An open lot is not satisfac- 
tory, where the animals have to tramp through mud 
and are exposed to ihe rains of the winter season. 
Give them some kind of an open shed, where they can 
be clean and well supplied with bedding, and you Avill 
add much to their comfort and insure a larger gain 
and a greater profit. Andrew M. Soule. :; 

Virginia Experiment Station. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men-* 
lion the Southern Planter. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



737 



HEREFORD ASSOCIATION FOR VA. ORGANIZED. 

An enthusiastic body of Hereford cattle breeders 
met at the Hotel Roanoke, Roanoke, Va., on Wednes- 
day, September 28, 1904, at 8 P. M. to discuss the 
subject of an organization of a Virginia Hereford 
Breeders' Association, to promote the interests of the 
Hereford breed in the State and lower South, and to 
hold annual sales at some central point in the State 
to provide those who are contemplating entering the 
breeding business with the opportunity of making 
personal selection from the best herds, without being 
put to the expense of visiting the several breeding 
establishments, and thus cause a wide distribution of 
the finest cattle. Breeders believe that where the 
Hereford breed is once tried, it is sure .to be main- 
tained. 

After a general discussion of the objects and means 
to accomplish the greatest advancement, by-laws were 
drafted and adopted, and the Association was organ- 
ized formally under the name of the Virginia Here- 
ford Breeders' Association, with the following offi- 
cers : Murray Boocock, President ; H. B. Hawe, Vice- 
President, and Edward G. Butler, Secretary and 
Treasurer. The following Board of Directors was 
elected for one year : Murray Boocock, H. L. Morgan, 
H. B. Sproul, E. G. Butler, H. B. Hawe, J. D. 
Stubbs, H. Mechendorf, E. R. Phipps and E. L. 
Eakle. 

A charter has been applied for, and a share of stock 
will be given each member of the Association, the 
membership fee being $5, and open to all reliable 
Hereford breeders or owners of a registered Hereford 
in Virginia. 

Constant additions of very fine Herefords are be- 
ing made to the already grand herds in the State, and 
with such splendid show bulls and sires as Salisbury, 
Prince Rupert, Acrobat, Marmaduke, Van and Rex 
Premier, not to mention the other grand sires and 
females owned in the State, the Virginia Hereford 
Breeders' Association unquestionably stands on a 
solid foundation, and every breeder should join the 
ranks at once and either send his application for mem- 
bership to the Secretary, Edward G. Butler, Berry- 
ville, Va., or write bim in regard to joining the Asso- 
ciation. The united efforts of every breeder of pure- 
bred Herefords, and every owner of a registered 
bull is desired. 

The Association proposes to have the State Fairs 
join with it in the selection of competent judges, as 
the present system is very faulty and discouraging to 
breeders who exhibit their cattle and thus demon- 
strate the splendid qualities of the Hereford. 



The Herefords won the championship over all 
breeds at" the World's Fair, and their wonderful and 
superior grazing qualities and hardy constitutions 
stamp them as the cattle best suited for our Virginia 
pastures. 



AN EXPERIMENT IN FEEDING BREEDING EWES. 

Mr. Alva Agee, in the National Stockman, makes 
the following report of an experiment made in heavy 
corn feeding of breeding ewes by Mr. Todd. We re- 
produce the same for the purpose of showing that it 
is possible to adopt this course with safety, notwith- 
standing many strong opinions to the contrary. We 
would, however, urge that in adopting such a course 
care should be taken not to feed the heavy corn ration 
close up to the time of dropping the lambs, nor for a 
week afterwards. During this period (say a week 
before the lambing and a week afterwards), the grain 
ration should be limited to bran almost alone, so that 
the bowels of the sheep may be kept open, and thus 
the danger of a high feverish condition at lambing be 
reduced until normal conditions are established and 
the flow of milk is freely started. After that time, 
with strong, healthy lambs, there is no danger of any 
loss from heavy feeding, as the lambs will take the 
milk as fast as made, and the more they take the 
sooner they will be ready for market and the fatter 
they will be, and a fat lamb rather than a large one 
is what the market calls for and pays well for. Mr. 
Agee says : 

Fifty-four grade ewes — Merino, Shropshire and 
Oxford blood — were bought by Mr. Todd the middle 
of last August for $167. They were put on good 
grass, and began receiving a grain ration the first 
of November. One and a half quarts of oats and 
corn, by measure, per head were fed during Novem- 
ber, and then the same quantity of a mixture of corn, 
oats and bran, by measure, increasing slightly the 
amount in latter part of January, and getting up to 
two and a half quarts by the first of February. 

The ration was then increased to three quarts, of 
which one-third by measure was corn, and here only 
close watching saved from loss, because while the 
sheep ate all the grain their appearance showed to Mr. 
Todd that he was a little past the safe limit, and he 
dropped back to two and a half quarts daily. This 
was fed morning and night, with all the clover hay 
wanted, and water was supplied freely. 

The lambs did not begin to come until about the 
middle of January, and the most were dropped during 
February. The ewes were fat, of course, before 
lambing, and Mr. Todd believed that he could have 



738 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



them so, and keep them so, and raise good fat lambs 
at the same time. 

He made an improvement in the construction of the 
"creep," into which the lambs go for separate feeding. 
Instead of placing it around the outer edge of the 
pen, as usual, where lambs often fail to find it readily, 
he put it in the center of the pen. Troughs were so 
constructed that the lambs could not get their feet into 
them and taint their food. This is important. The 
feed was cracked corn. It should be coarse. If any 
is fine, it should be sifted out. A little salt — not too 
much — should be put into this grain ration. 

The first shipment of lambs was made early in 
March, at an average age of seven and a half weeks, 
and the average dressed weight was thirty pounds. 
The lambs weighing thirty pounds or more sold for 
$7, while the few under thirty brought only $5 to $6. 
The shipment of any under thirty pounds dressed 
was a mistake, as the market was as good the follow- 
ing week. The market requires this weight, and the 
lamb must be fat. The sixty-one lambs brought $360. 
The wool of the ewes sold for $82. The ewes were 
fat enough for market when the lambs were taken 
from them, and were sold for $212, making total re- 
ceipts $654. 

The feed cost $295, and $10 was paid for dressing 
the lambs. Adding the first cost of the flock, $167, 
the whole cost amounts to $472. Placing no value 
upon the manure or the exercise gotten by Mr. Todd 
in feeding, the cash returns are entirely satisfactory. 

The important point, however, is not the exact 
profit, but it is the fact that these highly-fed ewes, 
getting a big amount of corn, gave good lambs that 
thrived on corn, and the ewes were fat enough for 
market when the lambs were taken from them. 



AMONG THE FLOCKS IN ENGLAND. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It is a great opportunity for an American shepherd 
to visit England and study the conditions and meth- 
od-; of sheep husbandry there. The writer was so 
fortunate this summer as to visit England for the 
purpose of importing some Dorsets, and he took the 
occasion to travel through several counties to learn 
about the various breeds and their management. 

The first thing that caught my attention was that 
each small section of that wonderful country had its 
own breed of sheep, and when I asked for an expla- 
nation, I was told that this was the country suited to 
flint - t if -r-i;il type. The Cotswolds have never thrived 
in Kent, where the Romney Marsh sheep are raised 
by the thousands; the Southdowns have never in- 
vaded the Dorset country in Somerset and Dorset; 



the Ryelands have never been successful in Lincoln- 
shire, where the lordly Lincolns have held sway from 
time immemorial. 

This dividing of England up into sheep districts 
does not coincide with the division into counties. 
Sometimes two counties were found given over to a 
breed. The Dorsets were the sheep of Dorset, Som- 
erset and the Isle of Wight. The Isle of Wight is 
in Hampshire county, and yet that lovely island has 
been found better suited to Dorsets, although many 
flocks of Hampshires are found there. One corner 
of Dorset county has been invaded by Hampshires, 
and they have done well there. Is it not remark- 
able that the worst flocks of Dorsets I saw were in 
this corner, of the county! I asked an old Hamp- 
shire breeder why the Hampshires of the Isle of 
Wight and southern Hampshire were not proof that 
these sheep thrived there. He said : "Did you not 
notice the heads of those Hampshires ? Their noses 
are too fine. You cannot grow typical Hampshires 
on that soil." 

I found only one section that reminded me of cos- 
mopolitan America. This was a lovely stretch of 
country around York. Here I saw scrub sheep, 
mottled sheep, poor sheep, ragged sheep, black sheep, 
white-faced sheep, black-faced sheep, big sheep, little 
sheep, mean sheep, fine sheep. I actually found one 
flock of black sheep consisting of about one hundred 
head. There was also a flock of Cheviots, seen so 
rarely except in that Cheviot country, where these 
noble little sheep climb the grassy hills and rest in 
the thick moor grass by the winding burns. 

The next thing that caughr my attention was the 
size of the flocks. It was no uncommon thing to find 
in Dorset one thousand head of Dorset ewes in one 
flock, and in Kent and Wiltshire I think the flocks 
were sometimes even larger. In Scotland the shep- 
herds had learned that these large flocks could not be 
run together with safety, so they had taught their 
dogs to keep them grazing by day in small bunches, 
and to gather them by night into scattered groups. 
In England the plan of management enabled the 
shepherds to graze their sheep together and keep 
them healthy. This was a wonder to me. One day 
I walked through a flock of 710 Dorset ewes, and I 
never heard a cough, never saw a dirty nose, never 
caught sight of .a lame sheep, and found not a single 
ailing ewe. Do you suppose we can ever do it in 
this country? You want to know at once how they 
manage their flocks. More of this later. 

The next thing that I noticed was that in certain 
sections the type of sheep seemed so unsuited to gen- 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



739 



eral purposes 3 and yon were prone to ask, Why main- 
tain such breeds ? The Exrnoor and Dartmoor sheep 
seemed to be a rough mountain sheep with horns, 
poor fleeehes, and suited only for roughing it among 
the hills of Devonshire and Cornwall, and yet they 
are maintained as distinct breeds, and had numerous 
entries at the Royal Show. Imagine our showing 
at St. Louis, a few pens of those long-legged moun- 
tain ewes, so common in certain sections of West 
Virginia. On inquiry, I found that these sheep 
were very profitable, and were the only sheep that 
ever thrived in those sections. They required very 
little, if any, care and handling. 

In another section I saw those curly fleeced Wens- 
leydales, whose blue faces suggested disease, and 
whose wool looked more like a poodle's than a sheep's. 
I found the little Sussex, not half so large as South- 
downs, and yet they were exceedingly popular, be- 
cause their flesh was the choicest dish in England. 
It had only one rival, and that the flesh of the Welsh 
mountain, another type of sheep that we would set 
aside as not worthy our notice. 

The Ryelands in Hereford were set aside a bit in 
popularity by the coming of the cosmopolitan Shrop- 
shire, but the people will not give them up, and I 
must confess that I saw much in them worth keep- 
ing. I never saw better backs and shoulders on any 
sheep, and the wool was the very best in all that 
country. Thus throughout the country you could 
meet up with sheep that seemed almost curiosities, 
and yet they were the sheep for that country. 

Now, just a word about the management of sheep 
in certain sections. I wil] in this paper confine my 
attention to the management of flocks in Dorset and 
Somerset. When I reached that charming country, I 
found the sheep farmers making up their flocks for 
the season. They were to turn the rams in that 
very week, the last week of June. They had their 
shepherds go over the six toothed ewes and mark on 
the rumps all the ewes that would be retained, the 
rest being thrown out with all ewes over three years 
to go out as "grazers." All ewes over three and the 
culls were sold to men in Wiltshire and Hampshire 
and the Isle of Wight, who bred them to Hampshire 
rams and then placed ewe? and lambs both on the 
market at Christmas, the lambs often weighing sixty 
pounds. Coming back to the making up of the 
flock, the four-toothed ewes were next marked on the 
side, then the two-tooth- vl ewes, which had been care- 
fully selected from the "ehilver lambs" of the year 
before, were marked on the shoulder. I found that 
the shepherds never practiced deception in the mark- 



ing of the ewes. They thus knew the individuals of 
the three ages in their flocks. The rams were mark- 
ed on the brisket and turned in six and eight at a 
time, and the shepherd was on hand to keep a re- 
cord of the breeding. It was a sight to see this 
mating. It impressed one with the fecundity of the 
Dorsets, for to one in this country a ewe that comes 
in June is a rarity. Here in Dorset 20 and 30 
ewes would come to service in a few hours after turn- 
ing the rams in. After two days one ram was used 
at a time, and the shepherd was not kept so close on 
the watch. 

The fine sod of this section made it possible to pas- 
ture about six times as many sheep per acre as the 
average Virginia farm could maintain. The farms 
there were divided up into small fields with hurdles, 
which were light fence panels woven of split hazel 
switches. The lambs were kept in front of the flock 
in the rotation. These were kept for three or four 
days on a small boundary and were then moved to 
another. The ewe flock in Ike course of a week would 
come to the boundary, which the lambs had left. 
Thus with a half dozen fields, the lambs and ewes 
were kept in constant ,-otation, neither flock remain- 
ing on one pasture more than four days, and each 
going to grass that had not been grazed for eight 
days. There being no very hot sun, the sheep grazed 
all day, and had no need to lie in the shade of the 
fence or trees, so they had no opportunity to make 
pest places in the fields, as our sheep in America are 
sure to do. No wonder we have parasites. The ewe 
lambs are allowed to eat mangels all through the 
year. These are thrown out on the ground uncut. 
It injures their teeth, but it makes the lambs grow. 
When these mangels wilt, the shepherds say they will 
not stop the water of ram lambs, but they are sure 
death for rams when fed fresh. These people have 
little winter in this section, so they have no shelter. 
These Dorset ewes lamb in November right out in 
the fields, and the lambs are ready to eat the winter 
rations along with the ewes. They feed little grain 
in the winter, but their sheep are allowed plenty of 
roots. In December they are turned on the turnip 
fields, where they eat tops and roots ; in January 
and February they are turned on the swedes (ruta- 
bagas), where they eat the roots right out of the 
ground, although the sweds are often lifted to help 
them to p:et at them ; in March they are turned on 
the mangels, and they have mangels to their hearts' 
content. 

The constant care of the shepherd is no small item 
in this successful sheep management. The shep- 



740 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



herds stay right with the sheep, having no other 
company save that of their faithful dogs. These 
shepherds have their houses on wheels, and these are 
moved to different parts of the pastures at night, and 
the sheep are made to sleep around them. This 
seems extravagant to us, but it pays, I tell you. I 
saw a flock of 1,015 Dorset ewes sold at auction at 
from $14 to $16 a head. A man could afford to keep 
a shepherd with his sheep if it would enable him 
to handle that number on two hundred acres and 
make them worth that much per head. That coun- 
try is an eye-opener to the sheep man. It makes 
him come back home determined to study the prob- 
lems of sheep husbandry here and plan for better 
things in the future. We lack the climate of South- 
ern England, and, therefore, the grass and the cool 
hours of the daytime for turning it into mutton, so 
we must be handicapped, still there is much for us to 
learn, and I confidently hope for better things in the 
future. The first great problem is to learn how to 
get our sheep, healthy and keep them so. No need 
in trying to raise good sheep when they are filled with 
parasites and debilitated wi';h catarrh. 

West Virginia. II. B. Arbuckle. 



TRAINING THE HEIFER TO BE MILKED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

"Breaking" is the word in general use, but is not 
the right one to denote the proper manner of teach- 
ing heifers to stand still and be milked. When we 
talk about the breaking of a contract, or a bank, a 
wagon or a plow, the idea conveyed is of a regretable 
event. The word breaking indicates that violence is 
to be used, whereas at the first milking, and all sub- 
sequent ones, only kindness must be exercised, and 
no clubs or milking stools be broken over the heifer's 
back. Kindness, firmness and perfect self-control 
must lie exercised from the beginning to the end of 
the lessons. As the fond mother washes and dresses 
her child in spite of its struggles and cries to pre- 
vent her, so the experienced milker will use all the 
force that is necessary, and milk his heifer in spite 
of her kicking. Mankind obtains dominion over the 
lower animals by superior knowledge, greater per- 
sistence, and command of temper. No man should 
undertake to break a heifer or milk a kicking cow 
who cannot control his anger. 

A neighbor of ours says he never has any trouble 
in breaking his heifers because he raises them already 
broken, or rather breaks them as he raises them. 
From the time he takes them as calves from their 



mothers until they have calves of their own, he ac- 
customs them to having their bags and teats handled, 
and frequently he pretends to milk them. This, of 
course, to be effectual must be often repeated, and is 
more trouble than most farmers who raise their own 
cows are willing to take, yet it is well always to ac- 
custom heifers to be handled from birth to maturity 
as frequently as can conveniently be done. I al- 
ways break our heifers myself, and have had fifty 
years' experience in the business. Some heifers will 
allow } 7 ou to mik them without offering much, if any, 
resistance ; but a large majority will resent the liberty 
you take in robbing them of their milk. Perhaps 
they think the milk should be kept for the calf, and 
is a sacred deposit for that purpose, but whatever 
they think, they try to kick the pail over, and kick 
your hands loose from their teats, and sometimes 
kick with great violence. In such cases no amount 
of petting and coaxing will avail. There is but one 
effectual way, and that is to milk them in spite of 
their kicking. 

I put the heifer into her stall, tie her head up 
short, so that she cannot back out, or surge ahead, 
and give her some dry meal to eat in order to put her 
into an amiable frame of mind, but it won't prevent 
her from kicking, if she doesn't want to be milked. 
I use a wooden pail because it stands more firmly 
than a tin pail, and I do not place it directly under 
her bag. I put an old cap on my head, stand on my 
feet to milk, place my head in the heifer's groin, 
taking a firm hold of the right hind teat with my 
left hand, and the front fore teat with my right. If 
she tries to kick I brace my feet, stiffen my neck, 
and hold on to the teats with a bulldog grip. The 
left hand is the one, of course, which she tries to get 
loose, as it is the one which prevents her from hit- 
ting the pail. Standing on my feet bent over, I can 
vary my position as she varies hers, and if my hold is 
maintained she can kick but little and cannot hit 
me nor the pail. I do not, try to draw milk while 
the struggle lasts, only tighten my grip and maintain 
my hold. The length of the struggle depends on the 
disposition of the heifer. Some are more stubborn 
and determined than others and make several fierce 
fights for the mastery at the first milking, and re- 
peat them with less violence at the second and third. 
When she finds that I am master of the situation and 
can "hold the fort," that F don't want to hurt her, 
that I do want her milk, and am determined to have 
it, whether she is Avilling or not, she gives up the 
battle, and there is no mo^e trouble. In my opin- 
ion, a heifer broken by tying her with ropes and 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. 



'41 



straps around her legs or over her loins would be 
only half broken, and the ropes and straps would 
have to be used many times on a stubborn heifer. 
Sometimes the gentlest heifers are the most self- 
willed and hardest to break. I have broken a large 
number, and have never known one to injure her 
teats by my holding on to them while she is kicking. 
Old cows will kick when they have a sore teat, and 
I milk them forcibly the same as I do heifers. 

J. W. Ingham. 
Where a cow has a sore teat a milking tube should 
be used, and this saves her pain and yourself trouble 
until the teat heals. — Ed. 



SWINE FEEDING. 

Swine feeding, like any other industry, is profit- 
able in proportion to the intelligence and skill em- 
ployed in the care, feeding and management of the 
hogs. The accompanying table brings out some very 
interesting facts, demonstrating how the farmer 
might easily feed his animals, either at a considerable 
profit, at a bare profit, or under certain conditions at 
a direct loss. In view of the growing interest in 
feeding all classes of live stock, it will pay to study 
this table carefully, for it brings to light some im- 
portant facts which are frequently overlooked on the 
farm, as they directly influence the feeder's profits. 

Surely this subject of swine rearing is of great 
importance to the Southern farmer, because to-day, 
in a country with every natural facility for the de- 
velopment of the business, not enough pork products 
are produced for home consumption. Considering 
the favorable conditions, it is hard to realize why this 
should be the case, but if one inquires of the farm- 
ers themselves, he frequently receives as an answer 
the fact that the business is unprofitable owing to 
the prevalence of some animal disease, the scarcity of 
suitable foodstuffs, or the small gains made by the 
animals. 

If malignant forms of disease, such as cholera, 
should prevail, the cause is due to unsanitary condi- 
tions, while the remedy remains in the hands of the 
farmer. In a state of nature the hog is a cleanly 
animal, keeping his home and surroundings in per- 
fect sanitary condition and living himself on herbs, 
roots and mast of the great forests and swamps, which 
are his native haunts. Under domestication, how- 
ever, he is forced to submit to the conditions which 
indifferent and unsympathetic owners have provided 
for him. These surroundings are frequently of the 
most unsanitary nature — in fact, filthy and inhuman 
beyond expression. Where such conditions prevail 
it is no wonder that disease of various kinds should 



find a fertile soil in which to grow, and every farmer 
who has an unsanitary hog house should remedy the 
defect at once, and then this first question will be 
easily settled. The scarcity of foodstuffs is a poor 
plea for the non-development of swine husbandry 
when hogs can be provided with grazing crops for 
nine months of the year. These crops may also con- 
sist largely of legumes, and if a small amount of 
corn is fed in conjunction with grazing crops, hogs 
weighing from 200 to 300 pounds can be made in 
the course of the summer's grazing, by the consump- 
tion of 10 to 15 bushels of corn, and in addition the 
kitchen slops and by-products of the dairy, which are, 
or should be, available on every Southern farm. 
With the -possibility of havi?ig the foodstuffs — should 
inclination or desire impel the owner — this can 
no longer be brought up as a reason for the neglect 
of this very important industry. The small gains 
made by the animals are attributable, as the table 









a 
o 


1 

■a 


O) 

p. 


rib. 

DOd 


o3 


bo 

T3 


RATION. 


1 

a 
p 


a 

J 


.0 

si 


a 

3 

a 
o 


•a 
o> ■ 

- 1 


n> OJ 


to 
o 

o • 


a 

a 

o 


1) 

<s 

a 
p 




a 


| 


o m 




>. ° c 


- $ 


OJ 






be 


■a 
a 


0J.Q 


2 * j-^'S 

2"0 o M 


S3 


3 
"3 


S3 
O 




=3 


w 


'O 




cs 


O ,0h 


> 


Hh 


Group I. — Water 


10. 


16. 


4.6 


4.5 


l. 


3.9 73.6 


S2 06 


S 7 16 


Corn meal 


6 


8. 














Group 11. — Skim milk 


18. 


40. 


2.1 


13.3 


2.3 


4.2 78.5 


4 12 


9 47 


Corn meal. . . . 


6. 


8. 
















Group III.— Skim milk.... 


12 




1.7 


13.1 


2.2 


3.4 


76.2 


3 80 


12 62 


Corn meal 


4. 


6.25 
















Whey 




40. 
















Wheat meal . , 




1.75 
















Group IV.— Skim milk .... 


8. 


26.75 


29 


16.4 


2. 


5.2 


77.7 


2 15 


3 50 


Pea hay 


4. 


1.5 
















Corn meal 


2.66 


5.5 

















already referred to shows, first, to the use of im- 
proper rations ; and, second, to inferior quality of the 
stock. The small gains are due quite as much to a 
failure to understand how to combine rations suit- 
able for the nourishment of the hog so as to obtain the 
most rapid and economical gains, as to the quality of 
the stock. Nearly all the improved breeds of swine 
do well in the South, and some animals of good 
quality of the several leading breeds are to be found 
in almost every community. As the hog increases 
so rapidly and pure bred animals of high quality can 
be purchased for such a small outlay of capital, there 
is no reason why the quality of stock in itself should 
not be remedied at a very early date. With these 
factors settled, the farmer should then devote all his 
energy and attention to the study of how to best com- 
bine foodstuffs to obtain the cheapest gains. That 
this matter can be readily mastered by any person of 
average intelligence no one will question, but that 
the subject of feeding in itself is not only worthy of 
attention, but should receive the most careful consi^ 



742 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[November, 



eration at the hands of the farmer, only compara- 
tively few people fully realize. In order that this 
may he brought home more forcibly to the reader, 
notice that four different rations, such as may be 
available on the average Southern farm, were fed to 
four groups of hogs with very marked results, so far 
as the financial end of the matter was concerned. 
The first group received corn meal and water ; the 
second, skim milk and corn meal; the third, skim 
milk, corn meal, whey and wheat meal; and the 
fourth, skim milk, pea hay and corn meal. The ra- 
tion fed to Group 1 is the one commonly fed on the 
Southern farm. The animals receiving this ration 
consumed 4.6 pounds of corn meal for a pound of 
gain ; when skim milk was substituted for water, only 
2.1 poimds of corn meal were required for a pound 
of gain ; and where corn meal and a small amount of 
wheat meal were added, only 1.7 pounds of corn 
meal were required for a pound of gain. Thus it is 
evident that a bushel of corn fed with certain ad- 
juncts which are waste products on the average farm, 
can bo made to produce twice as many pounds of 
pork. Tt is also noteworthy that where this ration 
was fed, the gain per lay was 2.3 pounds, whereas 
with corn meal and water it was only one pound. 
The addition of wheat meal to the ration, while pro- 
ducing a gain almost equal to that from corn meal 
and skim milk, made a better quality of bacon, as the 
fat and lean were better irtermixed. In Group IV 
an endeavor was made to feed pea hay, but the re- 
sults were unsatisfactory, ;n the animals would not 
eat enough of the hay, even in a finely chopped con- 
dition, to ho satisfactory. Notice that, while the 
amount of grain consumed and the gain per day were 
materially affected by the combination of certain 
foodstuffs, the slaughter test was also affected, the 
largest amount of good meat being obtained from a 
ration containing skim milk and corn meal. This is 
due to the fact that corn meal of itself is too fattening 
and docs not build enough muscle or tissues in which 
to store the fat. The skim milk, on the other hand, 
is a protein or muscle-building food, and hence the 
combination of the two gave a greater proportion of 
more desirable moat than the nse of corn meal alone. 
These testa bring out some very important facts, 
irhich are worthy of r-onsideration by every person 
interested in swine feeding in the South. Finally, 
notieo that the combination of foodstuffs also affected 
the value of the manure, a fact of the greatest im- 
portance to the Southern farmer, whose soils ncod 
liberal supplies of humus; and more important than 
:il] the rest, is the fact that- combinations of food- 
stuff- affor-f profits very materially. The largest 
profit was made by Group TIT, $12.62, which re- 
ceived corn meal, wheat meal, skim milk and whey, 
and the next largest profit was from skim milk and 
'■orn meal; tho third largest from corn meal and 



water, and the least profit by Group IV, which re- 
ceived skim milk, corn meal and pea hay. As already 
noted, the animals in chis group would not eat the 
pea hay, and as it constituted a considerable portion 
of their ration, this accounted for their failure to 
make a larger profit. The addition of some by- 
products of the farm with Group III made the profit 
from feeding this group ?v,.46 greater than with 
Group I, while the addition of skim milk to Group 
II made the profit $2.13 greater than with Group I. 
The writer knows certain cieameries in the South 
where the skim milk is allowed to go to waste, its 
virtue for hog production i:ot being realized, or else 
the creamery owners would establish swine feeding 
pens at a suitable distance from their plant, and 
utilize this most valuable by-product. Also on many 
farms this nutritious and cheap pork producing ele- 
ment is allowed to go to waste. In view of these ex- 
periments, this is an unpardonable waste, and one 
that every Southern farmer should make haste to 
correct, for it would in many instances point the way 
to the profitable production of pork. — A. M. Soule, 
in Practical Fanner. 



DORSET SHEEP AND YORKSHIRE HOGS IN 
VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I have read Mr. Arbuckle's letter announcing his 
importation of Dorset Horn sheep for prominent 
members of tho Continental Dorset Club. I am quite 
at one with him in his estimate of the Dorsets in 
general, and of the flock of Mr. W. R. Flower in 
particular. Virginia, however, must be added to his 
list, for T have purchased for the flock at Morven 
Park fifteen of Mr. Flower's yearling Dorset ewes, 
which are expected to lamb down in November, and 
also his unrelated Dorset ram that, took a first prize 
at the English "Park Royal" show. 

As it seems to be the proper thing to keep you 
advised upon such matters, I may add that I have 
also purchased for the piggery at "Morven" from the 
herd of Mr. Sanders Spencer in England some large 
white Yorkshire pigs. These swine are all of course 
registered, and are headed by the prize-winning large 
white Yorkshire boar, "Holywell Huddersfield." The 
above animals are now en route, and I am sure that 
all lovers of these grand breeds will wish them a safe 
voyage. Westmoreland Davis. 

Morven Parle, by Leesburg, Va. 



When corresponding with advertisers, do us 
the kindness to mention The Planter. 



1004.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



743 



EXPERIENCE IN FEEDING MILK. 

The great benefit to be derived from the feeding of 
milk to fowls seems to be almost entirely ignored by 
the majority of poultry keepers. Where corn is the 
principal ration, as is the ca«e on the majority of 
farms, a liberal supply of milk to balance up this 
ration will be found most profitable in the return of 
eggs. If hens are fed all the milk they can be in- 
duced to drink along with a corn ration, great gains 
can be expected in the egg-production. Last year we 
fed our fowls largely on corn, especially our laying 
hens, and for a balance ration we supplied all the milk 
we could possibly spare, and the result was better pro- 
duction of eggs than in any previous winter. On 
farms where there is a good supply of milk there 
should be no reason for not receiving a large number 
of eggs. 

Where milk is supplied liberally, animal food in 
the form of cut green bone can be reduced, as milk 
furnishes largely the elements found in bone. Milk 
and corn make a much better combination than milk, 
wheat and oats. Feed the layers corn and milk alter- 
nately with green food in the shape of cabbage or 
prepared clover, and you have an almost ideal food 
for egg-production. Milk can be given in almost 
unlimited quantities without any serious results fol- 
lowing. It very often happens that feeding meat too 
freely produces diarrhoea, which checks the supply of 
eggs, but in feeding milk we do not experience such 
unfavorable results. In the country where it is not 
convenient for the farmer to get bone from the 
butcher, he can supply milk instead, which is almost 
or quite as good as bone. We know of a lady who 
feeds corn and milk the year round to both young 
and old, with very satisfactory results, using the sour 
milk (after boiling it) in mash with decided benefits, 
especially with the young growing- stock. Next year 
we shall use boiled sour milk, wheat bran and corn 
meal, sprinkled with pulverized charcoal for our 
young chicks, believing we will have a food that will 
be wholesome, palatable and inexpensive compared to 
some of the prepared chick foods now on the market. 
At the same time we shall provide skimmed milk as 
we have previously done for the fowls to drink, be- 
lieving we can realize more from the product in feed- 
ing in this way than any other way we could feed it, 
realizing that it will be practically impossible to get 
too much milk before our fowls. 

If a patch of wheat or rye is sown close to the 
poultry run to supply green stuff naturally for the 
fowls during the winter months, and they are sup- 
plied constantly with milk, we stake our all on it that 
eggs will be plentiful, stock healthy and vigorous, 
with the assurance of strong fertility in eggs when the 
breeding season opens up. J. C. Clipp. 



FEED BULKY FOODS. 

Mr. P. H. Jacobs (Farm and Fireside) quotes a 
leading and successful poultryman as saying that he 
made it a rule to feed his hens the same as he did his 
cows — namely, feeding grain, hay, ensilage, cooked 
roots, and adding to the rations of the hens ground 
meat and bone, good clean bone meal also being given 
to the cows. There is no reason, says Mr. Jacobs, 
why poultry should be fed almost exclusively on con- 
centrated foods. Such practice is not economical, is 
not the best mode, and is sometimes injurious. If 
horses and cows were kept on corn or ground grain, 
to the exclusion of that which is bulky, they would 
soon fail to give satisfaction to their owners, and this 
is so well known to farmers that none of them attempt 
to keep stock without supplying grass in summer and 
hay in winter. The hens will eat grass, and they will 
also eat hay in winter, provided it is chopped for 
them, and especially if it is steeped in water and 
softened. They prefer coarse food to grain exclu- 
sively, and they lay oftener with such food, and keep 
in health. The hens on farms where food is given 
but three or four times a week can get all they wish 
by consuming the herbage of the fields. Some farm- 
ers sow rye in the fall and oats in the spring for the 
hens, and find that it pays them to do so. The giz- 
zard works in its grinding capacity to its best ad- 
vantage when the hens are provided with a variety of 
food, and better digestion is thereby secured. It is 
cheaper to use bulky food with grain than to confine 
the hens to concentrated materials, and they will pro- 
duce more eggs by such treatment. 



PREPARING FOR WINTER. 

Eor the period which elapses before the fowls are 
housed for the winter one can find plenty to do. One 
of the essential things after thoroughly preparing the 
house for the birds is to prepare the birds for the 
house. If the house is free from lice, see that the 
birds are also, before they make it their permanent 
home. It is an excellent plan to find out the spots 
where the hens dust outdoors and sprinkle a quantity 
of good insect powder in these places to assist in get- 
ting rid of the vermin. - Then look them over for 
scaly legs. 

This may not cause them much trouble during the 
summer while they have had plenty of exercise, but 
will make them very uncomfortable during the 
winter. Rerosene oil is good for this trouble, but 
crude petroleum is better. Take an old toothbrush, 
saturate it in the crude petroleum and brush the scaly 
legs thoroughly. Then saturate a cloth with the 
liquid and bind it around the legs. The fowls will 
not like this, but the cloth will stay on a day or two 
and do them much good. 



744 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November. 



se Horse. 



NOTES. 

A gratifying- announcement to breeders of Mary- 
land and Virginia especially, is that a steeplechase 
event has been opened for three-year-olds by the 
Washington Jockey Club, to be known as the Junior 
Steeplechase, which will be run about November 22d 
at the fall meeting at Washington, D. C. The Na- 
tional Hunt and Steeplechase Association, President 
S. S. Howland, Dr. James Kerr and others who take 
an active part in the counsels of the Club, will un- 
doubtedly receive the thanks and unstinted praise of 
many steeplechase breeders for their promptness in 
recognizing and meeting the demand for this new 
stake. Here are the conditions : 
Washington Jockey Club of the District of Columbia, 

Race course and office during meetings, Benning, 

D. C. : office in New York, 571 Fifth avenue, "The 

Windsor Arcade" ; Autumn Meeting, 1904. 

Tbe Junior Steeplechase for three-year-olds. Sub- 
scriptions to close on or before Monday, October 10, 
at the office of the Washington Jockey Club, New 
York. Horses to be named Thursday, November 17, 
and race run Tuesday, November 22, at Benning, 
D. C. 

Conditions. — First running of the Junior Steeple- 
chase for three-year-olds. By subscription of $10 
each at time of entry, $10 additional at time of 
naming, and $10 additional for starters, all to the 
winner, with $000 added, of which $200 to the sec- 
ond, $100 to the third. To carry 140 pounds, allow- 
ances as by rule to mares and geldings. Winner of 
a steeplechase or hurdle race to carry 7 pounds extra. 
Horses that have never started allowed 3 pounds. 

Fifteen subscribtions, or the race will be declared 
off. No limit to tbe number of subscriptions, which 
may be transferred at the office of the Clerk of the 
Course, Penning, D. C, by 5 P. M. of Monday, No- 
vember 21, and must be accompanied — if not pre- 
viously paid — by the amount of the subscription, the 
entry fee for the horse, and starting fee. About two 
miles. For information, or entry blanks, apply to 
TT. G. Cbickmobe, Clerk of the Course, 
571 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 

vi* *^* t^* 

At a meeting of the ITpperville Colt and Horse 
Club, held a few weeks since at Upperville, Va., the 
resignation of Col. R. H. Dulaney was offered and 
accepted upon his special request, as he had served 
the Association as president since its formation more 
than fifty years ago. The now officers were elected as 
follows: President, Willie Fletcher; Vice-Presidents, 
R. Hunter Dulaney and Robert Neville; Secretary 
and Treasurer, P. S. G-ochnauer; Assistant Secretary, 
B. B. Gochnauer. Executive Committee — Colonel 
R. H. Dulaney, George Frasier, Joseph A. Gibson, 



A. B. Lawson, Lewis Strother, W. H. Carter, Willie 
Fletcher, R. Hunter Dulaney, Joshua Fletcher, H. 
M. Luttrell, C. M. Peach, H. Rozier Dulaney and 
Robert Neville. The following resolution, drawn by 
a committee appointed for the purpose, wasadopied 
"'We, the members of the Upperville Colt and Horse 
Club, desire to tender to our retiring President, Colo- 
nel R. H. Dulaney, our thanks for the many years he 
has served the horse interests in this part of Virginia, 
as President of the oldest horse show in the county. 

"Robert Neville.. 
"A. B. Lawson, 
"H. M. Luttrell. 

%0& ^* ^* 

The bay mare Lamp Girl, 2 :09, who holds the re- 
cord for Virginia-bred trotters, was recently sold by 
the Kentucky Sales Company at Lexington to W. F. 
Dickerson for $350. Mr. Dickerson also purchased 
her weanling, Tramp Girl, a bav filly by The Tramp, 
for $180, to whom the dam had been bred in 1904. 
Later Lamp Girl was sold among other trotters for 
export to Julius Pajonceh, of Charlottenlund, Copen- 
hagen, Denmark, who shipped them at once to that 
far-off land. Lamp Girl was foaled 1893 and bred 
by W. C. West, Onancock, Va. She was sired by 
Walker Morrill, 2 :55, dam Bertie, dam of Gold Burr, 
2:13^, by Signet, 2:26 J f . After being campaigned 
extensively as a trotter, Lamp Girl was shifted to the 
pace and promised to make a sensational performer at 
the lateral gait, but went wrong, and was retired to 
the stud of the late R. H. Plant, of Macon, Ga., by/ 
whose estate she was consigned to the sale at Lex- 
ington. 

ji Jl Jl 

The Virginia Circuit of horse shows for the season 
1904 met with success from the start, and was ac- 
corded generous patronage and support. Commencing 
at Alexandria in May, open air shows followed at 
Fredericksburg, Leesburg, Culpeper, Manassas, 
Orange, Charlottesville, Staunton, Harrisonburg, 
Front Royal, Berryville and Warrenton. Nothing 
was scheduled for the month of September, but the 
more pretentious shows at Lynchburg, Richmond and 
Norfolk came off during successive weeks in October, 
the dates for Lynchburg being October 10-15 ; Rich- 
mond, October' 18-22, and Norfolk, October 25-29. 
A good show was provided by the management at 
Lynchburg, but attendance was not up to expecta- 
tions. The Richmond affair was a success both in 
point of attendance and the grand lot of exhibitSj 
while for an initial effort the Norfolk people did well, 
and taken on the whole the outlook for the Virginia 
Circuit of horse shows during the season of 1905 is 
highly encouraging. Broad Rock. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



745 



Miscellaneous. 



DEATH OF MAJOR H. E. ALVORD. 

It is with very sincere sorrow that we have to an- 
nounce the death of Major H. E. Alvord, the Chief 

of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry, which happened very suddenly at the St. 
Louis Exposition on October 1st. Major Alvord had 
been for many years a resident of this State, having 
a fine dairy farm at LewiusviJie Loudoun county. 
Previous to his appointment as Chief of the Dairy 
Division, Major Alvord was Director of the Maryland 
Experiment Station, and had had a long practical 
experience as a dairy farmer. He was recognized as 
one of the leading dairy experts of the country, and 
was a constant contributor to the agricultural press 
and a frequent speaker at Farmers' Institutes. He 
was often a contributor to our columns, and whenever 
we called on him for help always most cheerfully re- 
sponded. We held him in the very highest esteem, 
and can cordially endorse what was said of him re- 
cently in the Country Gentleman by an old colleague, 
Prof. Pearson, of Cornell College. He said : 

"I became very much attached to him. He had 
many strong traits, as well as rare ability as an ex- 
ecutive. I never saw him lose his temper ; no matter 
how great a provocation, he always remained cool and 
considerate. He was generous almost to a fault and 
exceedingly unselfish. He was modest, and never 
strove for personal recognition where this was not 
necessarv for the furtherance of some object in which 
he was interested. There stand to his credit a very 
large number of kind and helpful acts which were 
done quietly" and which will never be known to the 
public. In his official Avork he never hesitated to do 
what seemed to him right, regardless of what the 
general opinions of his acts would be. Sometimes 
his motives were misunderstood, but this made no 

i difference if he felt he was on the right course. 
Usually it did not take long for those who opposed 
him to see their mistake and offer their support. Maj. 
Alvord 's place cannot be filled. His death is a severe 
loss in the agricultural and especially the dairy 
world." ' 

THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

We are informed by the secretary, Mr. S. L. Lup- 
ton, that the annual meeting of the society will be 
held at Front Royal, Va., on December 13 and 14, 
1904. Special efforts are being made to make this 
the most attractive and instructive meeting ever held 



by the society. We trust that fruit growers through- 
out the State will make note of the date of this meet- 
ing and make an effort to attend, and thus show their 
practical appreciation of the good work which the 
society has done since it was established. It has se- 
cured for shippers of fruit everywhere in the State 
terms wdiich no individuals could have secured for 
themselves, and it is of vital importance to maintain 
the strength of the organization, so that it may con- 
tinue its ability to exercise a wholesome pressure 
upon the transportation companies. 



IN NOVEMBER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The work on the farm for November consists 
mainly in preparing for winter. This month, espe- 
cially the first part of it, is generally open and more 
pleasant than the earlier autumn, and work may be 
done in much more comfort. Who does not remem- 
ber the days of Indian summer, which comes in this 
month ? Whence comes all the smoke that obscures 
the sunlight? The days are just warm enough for 
comfort, and the appearance of everything reminds 
its of the declining year. We are filled with a sadness 
tinged with melancholy, or, in the words of a famous 
poet, our feelings 

"Resemble sorrow only, 
As the mist resembles rain." 

When the rain comes the air is again made clear. 
The blue smoke is seen curling in wreaths above the 
chimneys of the farm houses, everything is still, and 
quietness reigns supreme. The waning sunshine cov- 
ers the brown earth, the shadows are growing longer, 
as they point northward, reminding us that winter is 
coming apace from the regions of everlasting frost. 

If you be a farmer, look around you, and 
see that yet a little while you are to have the 
kindly days of November with you, and prepare for 
the rigors of the season indicated by the northward 
pointing shadows. Are your outhouses in good re- 
pair ? Perhaps you have risen early this morning, 
as the nights are growing longer, and you have time 
to sleep. What are you going to do to-day? Does 
the barn need repairing ? You step out into the yard 
and glance in the direction of the barn ; yes, there is 
some work to be done there, and there the cow stands 
waiting for her breakfast. She has, doubtless, seen 



746 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



the hay in the loft, and she knows that the master will 
not forget her. You will go at once and feed her, 
while your wife, and perhaps daughters, too, are pre- 
paring your own breakfast, the delightful odors of 
which make you think that life is worth living after 
all. 

Lay in a liberal supply of fuel, and if your wood- 
lands afford it, let it be wood ; for the crackling blaze 
from the logs will cheer you as you sit around the 
fireside during the long winter evenings. Yes, go 
into the woods, and as you ply your axe or saw, you 
will hear the tapping of the picus upon the trees 
around you, and you may^ know that he, too, is pre- 
paring for winter. 

This month is blot monath, as the old Anglo-Saxons 
termed it — the time for dispatching your porkers and 
filling your larders. Frank Monroe Beverly. 

Osborns Gap, Va. 



STATE FAIR— ROANOKE, VA. 

The Virginia State Fair, held in Roanoke October 
10th to 14th, was a decided success. The Roanoke 
people appreciated the efforts put forth by the Asso- 
ciation, and turned out from the least even to the 
greatest to see the many attractive features of the fair. 
The races perhaps drew the attention of the masses, 
while many who were interested in agricultural pur- 
suits came to see the beautiful and well-filled exhibits 
of live stock, which was indeed creditable to any or- 
ganization of its kind. Five breeds of cattle were rep- 
resented, besides grades of the various breeds. 

In Herefords, S. W. Anderson, of Greenbrier, W. 
Va. ; Mr. Huxley, of Bunker Hill, Ind. ; Haines L. 
Morgan, Saltville, Va. ; Virginia Experiment Sta- 
tion, Blacksburg, Va., and Murray Boocock, Keswick, 
Va., exhibited. These herds making strong competi- 
ti"Ti in all classes. Mr. Huxley and Mr. Anderson 
came well prepared to take away most of the best pre- 
miums, while the Virginia Experiment Station, Mur- 
ray Boocock and II. L. Morgan won in a few in- 
stances. These latter herds showed careful breeding, 
but lacked the condition necessary for the occasion. 
Mr. Anderson had sweepstakes bull, while Mr. Hux- 
ley won first on aged bull. 

In Shorthorns, only two herds were in the battle — 
the Virginia Experiment Station and Mr. Lucas, of 
Staunton, Va. The best prizes fell to the Virginia 
Experiment Station in all classes except yearling 
heifer. 

In Aberdeen Angus, onl|r two herds came out — 



Wessenger & Son, of Kentucky, and the Virginia Ex- 
periment Station. Mr. Wessenger's herd was too 
much for the V. P. I. this time, having brought out a 
number of high-priced animals. Both herds were in- 
deed creditable, and showed up beautifully the true 
characteristic "Doddie," with his even and smooth 
finish. 

In the dairy breeds the Virginia Experiment Sta- 
tion again came to the front with some useful and 
typical Jerseys and Holsteins. Hollins Institute 
brought out a few Holsteins, but were compelled to 
take second place. 

In sheep the Virginia Experiment Station was the 
only exhibitor, having a nicely-selected bunch of 
Dorsets. 

In hogs, Dr. Kirk, Roanoke, was the important ex- 
hibitor, having some beautiful Berkshire of gilt-edgp 
breeding. 

The Fair was a decided success, and the prospect 
for the Virginia Fair in the future is indeed en- 
couraging. 

Much of this live stock was taken to Wytheville and 
Hagerstown, then to the Southwest Virginia District 
Fair, held at Radford, Va. 

Other interesting features of the Fair were the large 
Shorthorn ox, weighing 3,200 pounds, and a small 
Midway, which contained sideshows, beer tents, and 
various attraction of this nature. A. P. Spencer. 
. .Montgomery Co., Va. 



DISTRICT FAIR— RADFORD, VA. 

The great District Fair, held at Radford, Va., Oc- 
tober 18th to 21st, inclusive, was truly an Agricultu- 
ral Fair, and the finest herds of live stock ever seen 
here were brought together. Many new stalls were 
erected, yet those who brought along nurse cows were 
compelled to tie to the fence to make room for the 
exhibition cattle. 

In Herefords, S. W. Anderson, Blakes Mills, W. 
Va., came again with a beautiful and well-fitted herd, 
some of which have been on the circuit for months. 
and also were exhibited at St. Louis, and in many 
cases were successful competitors there. Clem 
Graves, Bunker Hill, Ind., had also a well-filled herd 
of "White Faces," and the best places in this breed 
came to these two herds. Other exhibitors in this 
class were A. Meschendorf, Forest Depot ; Mr. 
Osborne, the Virginia Experiment Station ; Mr. 
Howe, Dublin, Va. The class as a whole was indeed 
a stiff one, and those who came with animals in low 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



747 



flesh found they were not among those who won [ nor carried there by birds, but the seeds which have 
prizes. Many of these animals were of very excellent i been resting dormant in the soil since it was last in 
breeding and lacked only condition. 



In Shorthorns there was a very strong class. Ex- 
hibitors were the Virginia Experiment Station, 
Major James T. Cowan, Cowan's Mills; Major W. 
W. Bentley, Pulaski ; "William Warfield, Lexington, 
Ky. ; Mr. Bowen, Tennessee, and Mr. Lucas, Staun- 
ton, Va. Most of these cattle showed excellent breed- 
ing, but in too many cases a lack of condition was 
noticeable. The bull classes, cow classes and calf 
classes were very strong, and it was a difficult task 
for the judge to place all in their proper order. 

A Shorthorn sale was arranged for, but there being 
no bidders, the sale was called off. 

In the Aberdeen Angus class, Wessenger & Son, 
Kentucky, and the Virginia Experiment Station were 
the only exhibitors, the Kentucky herd proving too 
strong for the Station, and, consequently, winning 
best places. Mr. Imboden, an expert judge, was 
selected to make the decision on all breeds, and did 
so to the satisfaction of nearly all concerned. A bat- 
tle among the breeds was arranged for among the 
various exhibitors in the cow class alone. This prize 
went to S. W. Anderson on his World's Eair Here- 



cultivation. 

This volnntarv o-rowth of weeds is so common that 
little attention is given to it ; but when a seed planter. 
a farmer, market gardener, or cottage gardener, ob- 
serves plants not sown bv him growing among his 
sown crops, he at once cries "fraud !" He claims he 
was sold a mixed lot of seeds. 

On Bloomsdale Earm we have every summer 
noticed this sprouting up of plants from a previous 
crop ; but this year, possibly on account of the con- 
tinued rains, it has been particularly observable. For 
example, a ten-acre field of grass, which had been \m- 
disturbed for five years, when this July plowed under 
and sown in Valentine beans, produced among- tke 
beans a very excellent crop of German kale, almost 
enough to stand ; but it was ten years ago, or in 1894, 
that a crop of German kale was grown upon that field. 

A field drilled in okra'is now full of radish, and it 
is three or four years ago since radish was drilled on 
that field. 

Turnip seed is especially likely to remain dormant 
for six or seven years. 

We have now a six-acre patch of beans on which 
was grown, five years ago, a crop of seed of Seven 
Top turnip, and, of course, in its harvesting a portion 



ford cow. The Shorthorns, however, did not compete of the seed was scattered out on the ground. A part 



for this special premium. 

In front of the grandstand some good racing and 
jumping was seen; also a race of an ostrich against 
a horse, which was an attractive feature, and a trained 
dog driving a horse were events enjoyed by many not 
interested in cattle. All that was needed to make this 
Fair a great success was slight rain to lay the dust 
and good weather folknving. The management pur- 
pose to make this the most important cattle show in 
Virginia, and this being a central spot for cattle- 
breeders to r.s-emble, all that is required is good man- 
agement and the patronage of the public, with the 
Southwest Virginia farmers to co-operate. 

Montgomery Co., Va. A. P. Spencer. 



PERSISTENT VITALITY OF SEEDS. 

Ordinary discussion as to seed vitality, or tke 
germinative forces of seeds, is consequent upon the 
prevailing idea that their tenure of life is very short; 
and so it. is, under ordinary conditions, but the ob- 
serving gardener every year has brought to his notice 
the sprouting of weed seeds, the parent crops of which 
srew years long past. As, for example, the weeds 
following the turning down of a 20 or 30 year old 
pasture, weed ge/-ds not blown there after plowing, 



of that seed in the earth remained fully vital until 
this summer, and to-day the bean crop referred to is 
full of this unusual variety of turnip, clearly indi- 
cating that the turnip seed has remained dormant in 
the soil over a period of four summers. This variety 
of turnip is so distinct that its presence in the bean 
field can be accounted for in no other way than 
already indicated. 

Mustard seed, under certain conditions, is particu- 
larly tenacious of life, there being frequent examples 
of it appearing in a field after having apparently 
been eradicated for a period of ten or twentv years. 

Farmers and gardeners not familiar with this fact 
of the persistent vitality of seeds, frequently charge 
seedsmen with selling seeds mixed with mustard : tkis 
ck/irge, ninety-nine times in a hundred, is due to a 
c&ar case of ignorance on the part of the claimant. 

Strangest of all of our field observations this y«ar 
is as to a growth of Valentine beans, which appeared 
where a lot of beans were dumped in JiP)l, and siitee 
then subjected to -ill the changes of*3?eat, cold and 
moisture, winter and summer. Beans, however, wken 
kept under favorable conditions, are long-lived, tkere 
being well-authenticated instances of their sprouting 
75 years after their harvest; while in the case of rye. 
120 years have been known to elapse between harvest 
and sprouting. We do not give much credence to the 
tales of travelers, of wheat or Milo maize sprouting 
taken from the Catacombs or from mummies. A 



748 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[November, 



wise guide always has some good grain in his pocket, j bers, a ten-cent freight rate transports a basket of 
smoked, of course. peas or sna f rom t | lig seaport to near ] y twenty mil- 

I he writer firmly believes that much seed con-Ji on consumers, 
demned as unvital, or of low vitality, as proved in 



comparative tests, would, nevertheless, sprout undei 
certain peculiar and odd circumstances. 

All seedsmen, wherever located, have had an ex- 
perience in the case of charges of selling mixed seeds, 
and so, possibly any one might occasionally, but un- 
knowingly do ; for no proprietor or his employees, 
especially, are infallible; but generally the complaint 
is, no doubt, due to the germination of seeds and vege- 
tation of plants, the like of which were grown on the 
same ground years before. — Burnet Landretli. 

We recall a case in the "Old Country" showing the 
persistent vitality of one kind of seed even more won- 
derful than any of those cited by Mr. Landreth. An 
old pasture field which had never within the memory 
of the oldest inhabitant been plowed was broken up 
and seeded with oats. The oats came well, but in a 
short time were completely smothered out by a weed 
called charlock, which is like a wild rape plant having 
a seed so like rape seed that they cannot be distin- 
guished from each other. The whole field was one 



We have had no frost, as yet this fall up to date 
(October 18th). As soon as the fall crops of peas 
and beans are marketed the ground is at once fitted 
for cabbages to be set out 'in November and Decem- 
ber. The kale and spinach crops, sown early in Sep : 
tember, look well, but need a little rain. October so 
far being quite a dry but a very pleasant month, only 
lacking a little in moisture. 

These fall crops are covered with but a thin layer 
of earth when planted, and need frequent showers to 
start them oft' in good shape. Our trucking belt looks 
better in November, December and January than it 
does in August, September and October. 

September gave us a mean monthly average of 72 
degrees, which was one degree higher than the average 
for the past thirty-four years. The September rain- 
fall was 4.02 inches, against an average of 4.19 for 
the past thirty-four years. 

September gave us 24 beautiful, warm Sunny 



mass of this weed. Never a plant of the weed had days — fine "Sunny South" weather. 



ever been seen in the field before whilst it was in 
pasture; in fact, it never grows in a grass sod. The i 
oat seed was perfectly clean seed. Evidently the field 
had grown this weed when under cultivation before, 
and the seed had been buried when the land was put 
down in grass. There were numbers of farmers in 
the neighborhood who had known the field as a pasture 
field for from 50 to 75 years, and never seen a char- 
lock planl in it. This shows for this seed an astonish- 
ing persistenl vitality. Clover seed has a similar per- 
sistent vitality. Tt will often come thickly on a field 
which In- been unplowed for 20 years. — Ed. 



THE FALL CROPS IN TIDEWATER VIRGINIA. 

/ ' ' 7 r Snuljirrii Pin yi t f r ; 

Just now great loads of green peas and beans 
(snaps) are going north daily. The farmers' wagons 
come rolling into the city, piled high with the half- 
barrel baskets which contain these crops. 

The peas and beans (second crop) were planted the 
last of Atlgnsl or firsl week in September, and our 
farm' pa have been ^hipping the crops to Northern 
markets during the past three weeks, and will finish 
befr.ro the first frost-, which usually come in Novem- 
ber. 

We may remark, in passing, that, in round num- 



October so far has also been very fine. Rain fell 
in September on six days — namely, on the 4th, 5th, 
14th, 15th, 21st and 27th. We seldom feel like quar- 
reling with our "Weather Bureau People," as they 
seem to hit, fit, suit and please us nicely. 

We have lately had the pleasure of reading a little 
pamphlet published by Dr. Plecker, a re-print from 
the 'New York Medical Record, upon the "Climate of 
Eastern Virginia." We wish the Doctor's little pam- 
phlet could be placed in the hands of all who are 
studying the question of climate and its relation to 
health. 

Fall work is well in hand, although it is too dry to 
plow. The sweet potato crop is likely to be a little- 
short. A. Jeffers. 

Norfolk, Va. 



COST OF PRODUCING MILK. 

At a number of experiment stations records 
were kept to determine the cost of producing 
milk. At four of the stations it cost 55 cents to 
produce 100 pounds. This made the cost of one 
pound of butter fat 13.3 cents. Milk was pro- 
duced at the lowest cost during the summer and 
at the highest during winter. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



749 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING GOMPT, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

I8SUKD ON 1ST OF EACH MONTH. 



J. F. JACKSON, 
Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 
Business Manager. 



TERMS FOR ADVERTISING, 
Rate card furnished on application. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER Is mailed to 
subscribers in the United States and Canada 
•t 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and 
the city of Richmond, 76c. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any 
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE 
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains, 
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known. 
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions sent us must not be 
furnished other papers until after they have 
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter 
will be returned on receipt of postage. 

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en- 
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REMITTANCES should be made direct to 
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When made otherwise we cannot be respon- 
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THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to 
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SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their pa- 
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favor by reporting the fact at once. 

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Address THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 
RICHMOND, VA. 

Entered at the Post-oflW. Richmond 
Va., as second-class matter. 



DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Utilizing Bones 728 

Value of Broom Corn Stalk and 

Chess or Cheat as Feed 728 

Early Irish Potato Growing in 

Tidewater Va 728 

Preparing Pea Fallow for Wheat. . 729 

Road-Making 729 

T,ump on Calf — Japan Clover.... 729 

Lime 730 

Sores on Mule 730 

Preparing Land for Corn — Imple- 
ment Dealers — Spring Wheat... 730 
Wheat and Oats as Feed 730 



To Advertisers. 

We wish to impress upon our 
advertisers the necessity of send- 
ing in all advertisements and mat- 
ter pertaining to advertising, by 
the 25th of each month. If it can 
be sent before that date, so much 
the better for both of us. There 
is not a month that passes that we 
do not leave out somebody's ad. be- 
cause of it reaching us too late. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 
J. W. Atkinson & Co. are advertising 
"paints that stay painted." This com- 
pany is in a position to do business 
with farmers and is anxious to get 
into communication with parties who 
need paint for any purpose. 

J. B. Watkins & Bro., the well known 
nurserymen, have some splendid, vigor- 
ous strawberry plants, which they are 
selling at low prices. 

Dorset sheep and Hereford cattle of 
good breeding can be had of H. Arm- 
strong, Lantz Mills, Va. 

Some finely bred Poland China hogs 
are offered by Mr. W. B. Payne, Crof- 
ton, Va. He advises us that the de- 
mand for stock is good, and that he 
recently made shipments to far-off 
Texas. Look up his ad. and write co 
him for prices. 

Knight & Jetton have a fine collec- 
tion of jacks and jennets, which they 
are offering our readers. Refer to the 
ad. elsewhere. 

The Chattanooga Nurseries are mak- 
ing a special offer on peach trees. 
Look up the ad. and write to them for 
catalogue and prices. 

Mr. Ed. S. Sehmid is advertising pets 
and all kinds of fancier's stock and 
supplies. 

Pit' games and Pointer dogs are ad- 
vertised by Capt,. Owen Swaffield. Re- 
fer to his ads. 

Poll Durham cattle can be had of 
Mr. John S. Funk. 

The Norfolk Farm Supply Co. has a 
seasonable card on another page. 

W. E. Knight & Co. start the season's 
advertising with this issue. Jacks, 
jennets and stallions, of superior 
breeding, are offered. 

Bargains in Berkshires are offered 
by Mr. W. Tally, of Beechenbrook 
Stock Farm. 

Yager's Liniment, already well 
known to thousands of our readers, has 
.an attractive ad. on another page. 

Duroc Jersey hogs are offered by 
Mr. D. L. Robertson. 

Some splendid Jersey cows, heifers 
and bulls are offered by Major A. R. 



PoMltr^ 



If you want eggs during the win- 
ter, you must feed Animal Foods, 
such as 

Meat Meal, 
Beef Scraps, 
Blood Meal, 

Bone Meal, 

to take the place of the insects, 
worms, etc., which poultry get in 
summer. OYSTER SHELLS and 
GRIT are also prime necessities.. 

Write for Prices and Catalogue tell- 
ing what to use for Success and Profit 
with. Poultry. 

T. W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, 

RICHMOND, - VIRGINIA. 

We carry complete stocks of Cyphers' 

Incubators and Brooders, Poultry 

Foods, Egg Producers, Lice and 

Insect Powders, Poultry 

Remedies, etc. 

Helpful Catalogue mailed free. 



SAN JOSE SCALE 

and other INSECTS killed by 

GOOD'S 

Caustic Potash Whale-Oil Soap No. 3 

Endorsed by XJ. S. Dept. of Agri. and State Experiment 
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti- 
cide. 50-Ib. kegs, $2.50; 10O-lb. kegs, &4.50; half barrel, 
2701b., 3Jo perlb: barrel, 4251b., 3ic. Send for Booklet 
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, ' 

939-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



FRAZER 

Axle Grease «,£■££■. 

Ub wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 
tually outlasting 3 bis. any other brand, 
Not affected by heat. #3-6et the Genuine. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. 



FUMA 



^ i B"i II II kills Prairie Dogs, Wood- 

' ' chucks, Gophers, and 

Grain Insects. "The 

wheels of the gods grind 

slow but exceedingly 

small." So the weevil, but you can stop their 

Sit* " Fuma Carbon Bisulphide" a a r 9 e S 8 

EDWARD R. TAYLOR, Penn Yan, N. Y. 




Krausers* Liquid 
Extract of Smoke 

Smokes meat perfectly in a 

few hours. Made from hickory wood. 

I lelicious flavor. Cleaner, cheaper. No 

smokehouse needed. Send for circular. 

K. KR.YUSER A- liRO., .Milton, l'a. 



BANK OF RICHMOND 

Main and Tenth Streets. 



CAPITAL AND PROFITS, - - - $1,134,938. 14. 

Special attention paid to out-of-town accounts. Correspondence Invited. 
Three per cent, interest allowed in Savings Department, 

Compounded semi-annually. 



750 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 




As It Looks When Erected 

Strongest and Best 

By Every Test. 

Has been fully tested by leading: poultrymen. 
All heights ( 12 in. to 7 ft.) Has fine mesh for 
email chicks. Over 1,000 rods of this fence used 
on Lakewood Poultry Farm, New Jersey. You 
will be pleased with it. 

Our Low Price will Surprise You. 

We will ship from mills in Connecticut, Illi- 
nois and California, and guarantee prompt de- 
livery. Catalogue of Farm and Poultry Fenc- 
ing sent free. 

Write Us What You Want. 
Do It To-Day. 



CASE BROTHERS, 
1 6-22 Main St., Colchester, Conn. 




WIRE • FENCE 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, coll- 
ed spring wire, Sure Grip Lock. In strength, 
appearance and durability, the Hard Steel can- 
not be excelled. Write for catalogue and prices. 
THE HARD STEEL FENCE CO., Cuyahoga Falls, 0. 



BRomm 



I Heaviest Fence Made, AliNc. 9 Steel Wire 

15 to 35 CENTS PER ROD DELIVERED 

l\Ve also sell direct to farmers atwholesale prices, 

\Coiled Spring, Barb and Soft Galvanized Wire. 

k Write for Fence Book showing no styles. 

^THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE C0. v 

Cleveland. Ohio 



Genuine Spiral Spring Wire 

FENCES AND GATES 

— — If your dealer does not have oui 

^ Z^, goods in slock you can buy direct 

at Manufacturers' Price. Write 

for Catalogue and secure agency. 

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO. 
Columbus, Ohio. 





We are now In our new factory. 

PRICES LOWER THAN EVER 

Write tor free uinnle, etc. 
Tru.Pii (able Fence Co., 82 »oan Aye., Cleveland, 0. 




DON'T YOU WANT TO KNOW 

about the bettfr quality of Page-Wire and I 
our more practical construction of fences? I 
Catalogue free. PAGE WOVEN WIRE , 
FENCE CO., Box 512. Adrian. Mich. 



npr FFNPF "' Whr '"'»"- 1 "- A4H.inci> 



Wine r en \j c stock i a^rr rod. 
Bend for price list and FKEE catalogue of Wire 
Fence and full line of Fence Supplies. 
W. H. MASON & CO., Box 8 Leesburt", Ohio. 



Venable, Jr., at very low prices. We 
suggest that you refer to his ad. and 
write him for further particulars. 

Genuine Peruvian Guano as well as 
fertilizer chemicals can be had of 
Smith-Davis Co., Wilmington, N. C. 

We invite attention to the change in 
the ad. of the Imperial Fruit and Stock 
Farm. 

Dr. D. M. Kipps is offering some 
splendid Shorthorn cattle. 

Look up the ad. of W. R. Harrison 
& Co., in which is offered the well 
known line of Tornado ensilage and 
feed cutters. 

Mr. I. S. Eberly has some very 
choice Shorthorn youngsters for sale 
at very reasonable prices. 

Among the new advertisers in this 
issue is Mr. Dorr Clark, who is of- 
fering English Berkshires of the very 
best breeding obtainable. 

Look up the ad. of Percy L. Banks, 
Norfolk, Va. 

Cottage Grove Stock Farm guaran- 
tees to please with the Berkshires it 
offers. See the ad. 

The J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co. has 
a striking ad. on another page. Re- 
member the boy's birthday and give 
him a Stevens' Rifle. 

The Temple Pump Co. has a couple 
of ads. in this issue to which we in- 
vite attention. 

The Brown Fence and Wire Co. is a 
new advertiser in this issue. Look up 
the announcement. 

The Acme Harrow ad. makes its 
usual appearance this month. Send 
for some literature about it. 

The prize winning Prairie State In- 
cubator is offered our readers in this 
issue. 

The Truss & Cable Fence Co. has 
something interesting to say to parties 
contemplating buying fencing. 

J. F. Gaylord is advertising his De- 
fender Spray Pump again this season. 
Inquire about it. 



Smith — I woke up last night with a 
horrible suspicion that my new gold 
watch was gone. So strong was the 
impression that I got up to look. 

Brown — Well, was it gone? 

Smith — No; but it was going. 



ELIZABETH COLLEGE, CHAR- 
LOTTE, N. C. 

This college opened this fall with 
an increased attendance over previous 
years. This is an encouraging sign for 
higher education, as Elizabeth College 
has its A. B. degree course on a par 
with the Southern Universities for 
men. The Conservatory of Music is 
maintained and run on the plan of the 
Leipzig. Germany, Conservatory, under 
the able management of Harry J. 
Zehm. The Conservatory is a separate 
building in connection with the col- 
lege, and is attracting wide attention 
on account of the high grade work 
done there. 

All of the departments of the insti- 
tution are headed by specialists who 
have enjoyed University training. 



The 



Red Ripper 



HA? 

PRESS 



Saves Time, Labor and money. 




THE RED RIPPER is the strongest, 
simplest and most durable hay press on 
the market; requires only one horse to 
operate; capacity, 15 to 20 full size bales 
(75 to 100 pounds) per hour. Costs less 
than any other good press and does more 
and better work than most presses cost- 
ing five times as much. 

Write for Free Illustrated Booklet. 
SIKES MFG. CO., Helena, Ga. 



n 



EVER PUT ON THE 
. MARKET. 



BALE YOUR OWN HAYi 

MILLET SORGHUM PEAVINES ETC. 

wrrHA"HANDY"BALER//. lSHE 5 AR elV 

TME STRONGEST.MOST POWERrUL//r, d|F0RM o c 
SWIFTEST AND LIGHTEST /I/ e T aiJDAim e ALE 
OPERATE HAND, MW/^fcffi^*^ I 

LITTLE GIAHT 
HAY PRESS CO.! 

DALLAS.TEX AS. 

l write TOR particulars. I 

I CATALOG MAN0&I10RSE | 
POWER PRESSES PREE. 



CHAMPION^s* 

and hay PRESS 

it it for 30 years and right up-to-date. 
Presses of every style and for every pur- 
pose. If wanting a Baling Press write to 

FAMOUS HF6. CO, lilWHiSSiSS .MS 



ilLERS, 




Work fastest, bales are tightest and shapeliest. Load 

cars to ben advantage. UalerB that endure, io3ure safety and facilitate 
work. Steel and wood frames, in. rao and steam powers. £U catalog free. 

Collins Plow Co., 1 1 85 Hampshire St., Qujncy, III. 




LAWN FENCE 

Many designs. Cheap as 
wood. 32 pajre Catalogue 
free. Special Prices to Cemc- 
terlesand Churches. Address 
COILED SPRING FENCE «0. 
Box Q Winchester, Lod. 



BEATS ALL 



SCHEMES FOR 
FARM FENCE 

dWE T TO MAKE MONEY 



AC ENTS 

B. B. FENCE 



CO., Peru, Ind. 



STRONCEST 

MADE. Bull- 
strong chick- 
■tiirht. Sold to the Farmer at Whole* 
e Prices. Fully warranted, Catalofrlreo 
COILEn SPRING FENCE CO., 
Ilox330. f,2 Winchester, Indiana. 





•0017 WIRE 



FARM FENCE 

i PRICE AND QUALITY 
WILL PLEASE YOU — - 
i. WRITE US NOW. 

WORKS- Louisville. Ky. 



Mention The Southern Planter in 
writing. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



751 




Clark's Tools for Large Kay Crops 

{ Clark's Rev. Bash Plow and Harrow 

outs a tiack 5 ft. wide, 1 ft. 
deep. Connects the BUb- 
| soil water. It is an ex- 
i cellent machine for 
I covering in sugar cane, 
strength guaranteed. 

Can plow a newly cut 
'forest, stump, bush, or 
bog land, leaves land true, clean for any crop. 

Clark's Double Action Catawa y^J^^TiV.iiSMiS 
Harrow moves 15,000 tons off" ^ : — == - 

irth In a day. 
Send for Circulars. 

Clark's Rev. Sulky Disc Plow 

Made single or double 

One or two furrows five 
'to ten inches deep; 14 
| inches wide. For two or 

four horses. Light draft. 

No side draft. No similar 
plow made. When Clark's grass tools are used 
M directed in his grass circular, we, the C. H. Co., 
guarantee them to kill wild mustard, charlock, 
hard hack, sunflower, milk weed, morning glory, 
Enssian thistle or any other foul plant that 
flows, or money refunded. Now is the time to 
commence work for next year's Beeding to grass. 

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 

Htgganum, Ct., U. S. A. 




The Best Pow«p 

after all is eteam power. The best example is 
here shown, in our 

LEFFEL ENGINES 

with Stationary Tubular Boiler 

This ontfit contains all the Leffel superiority and 
efficiency. Easy steamer?, little fuel, easy hand* 
ling, alwaysin order, 
;d, safe, etc. 
& made 10 to 
Many other 
engines and 
for all pur- 
etfree book 
Power Economy 
and Effi- 
ciency.'* 

James 
Leffel&Co. 
■a Box 134 
Springfield, Ohio. 




ASHTON 

80. Sales Agt. 



Richmond^ Ta. 




INTERNATIONAL 
KEROSENE ENGINES 

Stationary, Portable, Ma- 
rine, for Lighting, Pump- 
ing and Hoisting Outfits, all 
kinds of machinery, Laun- 
ches and Boats. Send for 
catalogue and prices. 
INTERNATIONAL POWER 
VEHICLE CO., 354 Third 
St., Macon, Ga. 



~ 



DIFF HYDRAULIC 
Kll L ENGINE 



Water By Water Power. 

The pump that never stops. Raises 
water to any height, needs no atten- 
tion, costs nothing to 
; run. You can buy a Rile 
' on 30 days froe trial. 
isk for our jree catalog. 

RIFE ENGINE CO. 
1 26 Liberty 8t . Sew Ynrk. 






BUYING A FEED GRINDER. 

The season when feeders will be 
scanning our advertising columns with 
a view to buying a good feed grinder 
is here. The matter of selecting a 
mill is important. It is a matter that 
should be attended to just once. A 
really good feed mill should last a life- 
time. It is not uncommon to see feed 
grinders lying around on farms bro- 
ken and discarded. There is no legiti- 
mate excuse for this. The reason is 
always the same: the mills were poor- 
ly made, not able to do the work, or 
were not adapted to the feeder's pur- 
poses. In most cases the fault lies 
with the maker of the mill, and yet 
the purchaser is himself to blame for 
not making investigation and selecting 
a mill, once for all, that is sure to meet 
every requirement. 

Buying a feed mill is new business 
to many feeders. They have no ex- 
perience or data to draw upon. Buy- 
ing at random, as many do, it is little 
wonder that mistakes are made, and 
that so many mills are found "out of 
use." For this reason we wish to say 
a word about a mill that is advertised 
every year in our columns, the Quaker 
j City, manufactured by the A. W. 
Straub Co.. Philadelphia and Chicago. 
It is a mill that will give satisfaction 
to everv one of our readers who is in- 
duced to buy it. They will not be 
buying experiments, for the Quaker 
City bas been on the market for 38 
years. That fact alone should be its 
highest endorsement. If it hurl not, 
been a mill that was durable and met 
feeders' wants, it would long ago^have 
been off the market. Of course. Ft has 
changed— been improved and kept 
abreast of the times. The mill as it is 
to-day with one hopper for crushing 
and grinding ear corn and another for 
grinding and mixing in all grains in 
desired proportions, all in one opera- 
tion, is the mill we have in mind. It 
would not be up to date if it were not 
ball bearing. That accounts for its 
easy running, its fast grinding with 
little power. It is made in eight 
sizes, adapting it to small or large 
feeder. The mill is sent out freely 
on trial. Intending buyers are re- 
quested to put it in competition with 
others, and to keep the one that proves 
itself best suited to their needs. For 
the benefit, therefore, of any reader of 
this paper who is about to purchase a 
mill, and is not well advised, we re- 
commend sending to the Straub Com- 
pany for catalogue and making study 
of the Quaker City. 




Defender 
Sprayer 

All brass, easiest work, 
ing, most powerful, auto- 
matic mixer expansion 
valves, double stninar 
Catalogue of Pumps and 
Treatise on Spraying frM. 
Agents Wanted: 
J. F. a»7lor<l. Box 82 Cat.kUl, M. X. 



Mention The Southern Planter in 
writing. 



Robert B. Mantell tells of a clergy- 
man who went fishing. He was perch- 
ed in a precarious position when he 
got a bite, and in his excitement he 
fell into the stream. 

He yelled lustily for help, and a 
farmer came along and pulled him out. 

"How did you come to fall in?" in- 
quired his rescuer. 

"I didn't come to fall in," replied 
the dripping preacher, "I came to fish." 




Your 1 Feeble 
OEd Wagon 

has many years* service in it. Re- 
place its shaky wheels with 




efal WtseeSs. 

Made to fit any skein. Straight or staggered oval 
steel spokes, cast in the hub, hot riveted in the tire. 
Broad tires save rutting and draft. Any height de- 
sired. . Write for free catalogue for particulars. 

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX' -« QUINCV, ILLINOIS. 





UGGIES 



SURRIES, 
DAYTONS, 
RUNABOUTS, 

SPINDLE. WAoONS, CARTS, 
etc. 8' different styles and grades. Finest 
material and workmanship. Get our prices 
and see our vehicles before purchasing. 
SAFETY BUGGY CO., 1309 B. Main street. 
Richmond, # Va. 

WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and send 4 Buggy Wheels. Steel Tire on, . $7.85 
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels % to 4 in. 
tread. Top Buggies, |28.75 ; Harness. $3.60- Write for 
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles snd parts direct. 
W«gon Umbrella FREE. \V. V. KOOU, Cincinnati, Ck 

—GREAT- 
HARNESS INVENTION 

FONTAINE SAFETY TUGS 
prevent sores and white spots on horses' 
backs by regulating tension of girth as if it 
were elastic. Prevent buggy running against 
horse if breeching breaks. Prevents girth 
breaking and shafts wabbling. Made of best 
single leather. Outlast other tugs. Hand- 
some in appearance. Pair sent postpaid for 
$1.50. Write for circular. THE FONTAINE 
CO., Christie, Va. 

VIRGINIA DIVISION. 

FARMER'S MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 

Chartered by State of Virginia. 
A Fire Insurance Association for Farmers of 
Eastern Virginia. 
Organized January 9, 1899; amount insured 
January 9, 1904, $400,000; policies secured by 
real and personal property, estimated value, 
$1,000,000. Send for statement of plan and book 
of membership to CHAS. N. FRIEND, Gen- 
eral Agent, Chester, Va, 




752 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



Oft CONDITION 




Free trial given at 
your home. If you 
don't grind more 
feed and do it eas- 
ier, better and fast- 
er with a 



Feed 
Mill 

than any other, return and we pay all expense. 
We ask you to test on ear and shelled corn, all 
grains and mixed feed stuffs. Three styles, four 
sixes, including smal lhand power. Wr'te today 
and ask about our labor saving WOOD SAWS in 
sizes 1 to 12 h. p. Booklet tree. 

NEW HOLLAND MCH. CO., 
Box 153, New Holland, Pa. 




One Operation 

is all it takes to break, crush and 
grind, either fine or coarse, all 
grains lor all feed purposes, 
<( when you use the 




DUPLEX 
Grinding Mills 

They are the fastest, 
_. __ , -^ ■■•_■ ■;. easiest running, strongest 
and most durable mills made. New double cutters; 
force feed; never choke. Four sizes,, any power. 
THE 0. S. KELLY CO., 159 N. Lime St., Springfield, Ohio 

QUAKER CITY 

Two Hopper Mill 

One for ear corn, the other for small grain. Grinds 
ear Corn and small grain at the same time or sep- 
arately to any fineness. Mixes 
while grinding, also makes corn 
meal for table use. We furnish 

Special Plates 

for different kinds of grinding. 
Built in eight sizes, one to twen- 
ty horse power. Shipped on trial. 
Freight prepaid. Catalog free. 




TheA.W.StraubCo.S 



3737 Uliiert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 
Canal St., Chicago, Ills, 



Gut! Crush! Shred! 



f 

] Prepare your fodder eo stock will get all the nourish 
•■if you use 




Heebner's 

Feed 

Gutters. 



Fropare corn so stork eat it all and thrive on It. 

With Bhre4der attachment (f&00 extra), you have three marhiDre In 
'.hi tot ensilage and all feed cutting. We make Tread and Lever 
Power*. ThreaheTa, Wood Sawa . etc. Catalogue mailed free. 
Httebnor & Sons, 28 Broad St., Lonsdale, Pa. 



Make Your Own Fertilizer 

at Small Cost with 



■^gEcy at Small Cost with ' 

if Wilson's Phosphate Mills 



From 1 to 40 H. P. Also Bone Cut- 
tern, hand and power, for the poul- 
trymen ; Farm Feed MI1U, Gra* 
ham Flour Hand Mill*. Orlt and 
Shell Mill*. .Send for catalogue. 
WILSON it Itov. Sole Mfrs., 
! i. -i 1'a. 



FOB EVERYTHING; 

NEW OR SECOND-HAND; 
SOLD OR RENTED. 
Write for prices. 

RICHMOND BAG COMPANY, Richmond, Va, 

Mention The Southern Planteb In 
writing 




BAGS 



REPORTS. 

United States Department of Agricul- 
ture, Washington, D. C. Bureau 
of Chemistry. Bulletin 86. Arse- 
nic in Papers and Fabrics. 
Bureau of Entomology. Circular 56. 
The Most Important Step in the 
Cultural System of Controlling 
the Boll Weevil. 
Burea uof Plant Industry. Bulletin 
67. Range Investigation in Ari- 
zona. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
67. The Commercial Status of 
Durum Wheat. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. Crimson 

Clover. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
51. Part IV. The Cultivation of 
the Australian Wattle. 
Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin 29. 
Methods and Routes for Exporting 
Farm Products. 
Weather Bureau. Climate: Its Phy- 
sical Basis and Controlling Fac- 
tors. 
Farmers' Bulletin, No. 206. Milk 
Fever: Its Simple and Successful 
Treatment. 
Farmers' Bulletin, 207. Game Laws 

for 1904. 
Farmers' Bulletin, 209. Controlling 
the Boll Weevil in Cotton Seed and 
at Ginneries. 

Columbus (Ohio) Horticultural So- 
ciety. Journal for September, 
1904. 

Idaho Experiment Station, Moscow, 
Idaho. Bulletin 45. Trap Rocks 
of Palouse Region as Road Mate- 
rial. 

Kansas State Board of Agriculture, To- 
peka, Kan. Report for Quarter, 
September. 1904. Potato Produc- 
tion. 

Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Bulletin 94. Systems 
for Keeping Milk and Butter Re- 
cords. 
Bulletin 95. The Character of Milk 
During the Period of Heat. 

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lincoln, 
Neb. Bulletin 85. Feeding Ex- 
periments with Cattle. 
Bulletin 86. Destroying Prairie 
Dogs. 

New Hampshire Experiment Station, 
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 112. Ex- 
periments in Destroying Black 
Flies. 

New York Experiment Station, Geneva. 
N. Y. Bulletin 248. Popular Edi- 
tion, Keeping Qualities of Apples. 
Bulletin 253. Report of Analysis of 
Fertilizers. 

Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks- 
burg, Va. Special Bulletin, Vir- 
ginia State Crop Pest Commission, 
No. 45. Circular in Relation to 
Some Injurious Insects and Plant 
Diseases. 

South Carolina Experiment Station, 
Clemson College, S. C. Bulletin 
90. Texas Fever, Part II, Inocu- 
lation. 
Bulletin 91. Coast Experiments. 
Report of Progress. 



The Best Cooking Range Made, 

Sold for Cash 

or on Monthly 

Payments. 

$10 to $20 
Saved. 



< 

a. 

r 
o 

5 

K 

a. 

Your money 
refunded af- 
ter six miis'. trial if 

Clapp's Ideal Steel Range 

Is not 50 per cent better than others. My 
superior location on J.ake Erie, where iron, 
steel, coal, freights and skilled labor are 
cheaper and best, enables me to furnish a 
TOP NOT'H Steel Range at a clean saving 
of $10 to S20. Send for free catalogues of five 
distinct lines, over fiOstylesand sizes, with or 
without reservoir, for c'itv, town or country 
use. CHESTER D. CLAPP, 247 Lynn St., Toledo, 0. 

(practical Stove and Range Man.) 




THE IMPROVED 

SCREW STOP PULLER 

Write for Prices. 




Chamberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y„ U. 8. A . 
HERCULES STUMP PULLER 




Clears an acre of heavy timber land each day. 
Clears all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without 
moving or changing machine. Strongest, most 
rapid working and best made. 
Hercules Mfg. Co.. 413 17th St., Centreville, Iowa. 

me Monarch stomp Poller. 

The best on earth ; 
you make no mistake 
in buying of a man of 5 
years experience in 
pulllngstumps. We set 
up the Puller and guar- 
antee satisfaction be- 
SSifore we want your 
1^ money 5 sizeB. Write 
for catalog and prices. 
JOS. W.RITCHIE, State Agent, R.F.D.No. 39, Grottoes, Va. 

STUMP PULLERS 

Seven Sizes 
$1750 

Dept PW.SMITH CRUBBER CO LACROSSE WIS 

A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 





WE PAYTHE FREIGHT 

CATALOG 

FREE 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



753 



In Close Touch 
Wsth The 
Whole 
World 



With a 
telephone in the 
home the farmer is in 
close touch with the whole 
world. It proves the handiest 
thing on the farm and we prove 

Stromber^-Carlson 
Telephones 

are the mo^t economical to buy. 

Strong in mechanism — strong in 

talking qualities and guarantee. 

Send lor free book 1- 1 13 -Telephone 

^ Facts for Farmers." It proves our 

claims. Address nearest office. 

Stromberg.Carlson TeL Co. 

Rochester, N. Y. 

Chicago, 111. 




TELEPHONES 

and line material tor 

FARMERS 3 LINES 

So simple you can build your own 
line Instruction book and price 
list free. 

The Williams Telephone & Supply Co., 
66 Central Ave.. Cleveland, 0. 




T TOUR IDEAS 

00,000 offered for one in- 
vention; $8,500 for another. 
Book "How to Obtain a Patent" 
"What to Invent "sent free. Send 
roug-h sketch for free report as to 
patentability. We advertise your 
patent for sale at our expense 
CHANDLEE & CHANDLEE, Patent Attorneys 
9 76 F Street, Washington, 0. C 

HARRIS HARDWARE CO. 

409 E. Broad St., Richmond, Va., 
Breech= Loading shotguns $3.85 
Pocket Knives ft \\fi Bicyclesand Sundries. 
Ritles II II V Hunting Leggins 

Revolvers I III \ Razors and Scissors 

Robin Hood IT llfl Hunting Coats 
Loaded Shells II J||U Gun Covers 

WE ARE AOENTS FOR OOODTHINGS. 

..Second Hand Bags.. 

Wanted. Any kind, any quantity, anywhere. 
I pay the freight. GEO. T. KING, Rich- 
mond, Va. 



ffl Ml ilMi 



ii 




CLEAN.SAFE. DURABLE AND COMFORTABLE 



WALLACE B.CRUHB/ or . e I t ^lexohh, 



Bulletin 92. Analyses of Commer- 
cial Fertilizers. 

Virginia Climate and Crop Service, 
Weather Bureau, Richmond, Va. 
Report for September, 1904. 

Imperial Agricultural Department for 
the West Indies, Barbadoes, W. I. 
West Indian Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 2. 



PAMPHLETS. 

The Pecan Tree. How to Plant, 
Grow and Buy It. The G. M. Bacon 
Pecan Co., DeWitt, Ga. 

Why the Fish Failed. A Story of 
Potash, by H. W. Collingwood. Pub- 
lished by German Kali Works, Nas- 
sau street, New York. 

The Climate of Tidewater Virginia, 
by W. A. Plecker, M. D., Hampton, Va. 

Telephone Line Construction and 
Equipment. This will be found a very 
useful and convenient handbook for 
those installing a telephone system in 
the country. It is published by the 
Williams Telephone and Supply Co., 
Cleveland, Ohio, whose advertisement 
is appearing in our columns. 



CATALOGUES. 

Pumps and Hay Tools. F. E. Myers 
& Bro., Ashland, Ohio. This is one of 
the most beautiful and comprehensive 
catalogues issued. It contains 374 
pages, and is replete with information 
and full illustrations of every kind of 
pump and hay tool made by this cele- 
brated firm. Before installing a pump 
or buying haying tools of any kind 
send for their catalogue. 

J. G. Harrison & Sons. Berlin, Md., 
Nurserymen. 

John Lightfoot, Sherman Heights, 
Tenn. Strawberry and Raspberry 
plants and June bud peach trees. 



A NEW HARNESS INVENTION. 

We invite the attention of our read- 
ers to the ad. of The Fontai f Co., 
Christie, Va., which recently patented 
and is now offering for sale a splendid 
contrivance in the shape of Safety 
Tugs. This tug is buckled to the sad- 
dle straps and it tightens or slackens 
automatically, depending on the pres- 
sure upon them. 

Some of the many advantages of 
these tugs are that they prevent the 
harness saddle hurting the horse's 
back; should the breeching break, the 
safety tugs will prevent the buggy 
from running against the horse; they 
always keep the shafts in correct posi- 
tion preventing them from flying up 
or wabbling sideways. 

Interested parties are requested to 
send to the company for descriptive 
circulars or testimonials from parties 
who have used them. 



TOOK A BIG RISK (?) 
"The parson preached such a edi- 
fyin' sermon on the subjec' o' filthy 
lucre that the trustees raised his salary 
three hundred dollars. The parson 
took it. He said he reckined he'd put 
in a new bath-tub an' take the 
chances." 



The dealer who 
sells lamp-chim- 
neys to last, is 
either a shrewd 
or an honest man. 
Macbeth. 



How to take care of lamps, including the 
getting of right-shape chimneys, is in my 

Index; sent free. 

Macbeth, Pittsburgh. 



PERUVIAN GUANO 

Absolutely pure and not 
manipulated. 

A FINE NATURAL BIRD MANURE. 

NEVER HAS BEEN EQUALLED. 
NEVER WILL BE EQUALLED. 

SHIPMENTS FROM ) ^minqton/n. c. 

SMITH-DAVIS CO., Importers, 

WILMINGTON, N. C. 



LIME 



AGRICULTURAL 
AND BUILDERS' 

Send for Circulars and Price- List, 

FELLSWORTH LIME WORKS, 

REEVES CATT, Agent, 

Staunton, Virginia. 



DEHORNING ISN'T 

* t may he with a saw, but not so 
when ihe 
KEYSTONE DEHORNER 

1 is used. It cuts from foursidesat 
once; makes a sliding:, sharp shear 
cut. Any stock-raiser can do it 

j easily. No crushing or splintering 
of horns or tearing of. flesh. Done 
in 2 tni notes. Sen^ for free booklet. 
M. T. Phillips, Box «F, Pomerov, Pa, 




E N Gl N ES , 13 Horse Traction 8250; 10 Horse 
Traction $'00; Boilers, Engines new and seel 
ond hand from 4 to 100 Horse. Single saw mil- 
$125 ; Double mill $150 ; Machinery of every des- 
cription at one-third actual value 

D. CASEY, Springfield, Ohio. 

CHESTNUTS. 

WANTED — To communicate with persons hav- 
ing extra large native chestnuts. J. RUSSELL 
SMITH, Univ. of Penn., Philadelphia, Ps. 



754 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



[November, 



Northern Virginia Farms. 



Of every class, adapted to Grain, Fruit. 
Dairy and Blue Grass, within five to 
thirty miles of Washington, D. C. 

No. 5. — 163 acres; half timber, bal 
ance cleared; 1| miles from station. 
Good 7 room house; large barn; good 
water. Price, $2,000. 

No. 16.— 130 acres; 20 in timber, 
balance cleared. Good land. In good 
condition. Comfortable 4 room house. 
Fine water. Five miles from station. 
Fronts on Pike. Price, $20 per acre. 

No. 22.-225 acres. Two and one- 
half miles from station. Forty acres 
timber, balance cleared. Fine land. 
In good condition. Good 7 room 
house. Large barn, etc. Price, $20 
per acre. 

No. 23.— 50 acres truck and fruit 
farm. Price, $2,650. 

No. 30. — 50 acre farm in Loudoun 
county, 3£ miles from rail. Price, 
$1,600. 

No. 33. — 400 acre farm in Loudoun 
county. Good grain and grazing land. 
Price, $7,500. 

No. 36. — 275 acre farm in Fairfax 
Fine quality of grain and grass land. 
Good buildings. Refined and edu- 
cated citizens. Price, $7,000. 

See April and May issue of South- 
ern Planter for description of the 
above farms, and write for my farm 
list and full information. 

W. E. MILLER, - Herndon, Va. 



. . AND. . 
THE PLACE 



VIRGINIA 

FIND THE BEST HOMES 



Where Health, Climaie, Soil, Location 
and markets are unsurpassed. Any 
size, place and price to suit ihe buyer 
of a stock truck, fruit, poultry or fj-h 
and oyster farm. The James Kiver 
Valley Colonization Co. offers super- 
ior advantages to land buyers. Write 
for free 3fi P. pamphlet giving fill par- 
ticulars. 



W. A. PARSONS, 

C.&O. Main St. Depot, - - Richmond, Va. 

ESTABLISHED 1875. 



JMIIfiK 




The best grazing section of Virginia, Blue 
trass Indigenous. If you are Interested In 
fruit growing or trucking, you can find no 
better country Id the United States. 

BUY THE BEST and send for our free 
Real Estate Bulletin, It will help you And It. 

SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA LAND 
AGENCY, C. B. Thomas and L. F. Krennlng, 
Genera] Managers, Wythevllle, Va. 

CIWC CADMC ln the <? r eat fruit grain and 
MHl rHnlTlO mock section of VIRGINIA. 
Best climate and water ln the U. 8. Near great 
markets, with best educational advantages 
For further Information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Ham'i. B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville. Va. 



MAGAZINES. 

Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn's paper 
on "The Evolution of the Horse in 
America," which is the opening article 
in the November Century, would give 
distinction to any magazine. It is the 
second in his group on "Fossil Won- 
ders of the West," the first, on the 
"Bene Cabin Quarry of Wyoming," 
having appeared in September. This 
is the first complete account of the ex- 
plorations of the American Museum of 
Natural History under the William C. 
Whitney Fund, and presents very 
striking results in the direction of 
solving many problems in the study of 
the fossil horse. The paper is fully 
illustrated. November being the month 
of the Horse Show in New York, The 
Century presents also three drawings 
of "The American Horsewoman," by 
TJrquhart Wilcox: "The Morning Ride," 
"The Winner," and "In Perfect Form." 
The horse also figures in the frontis- 
piece, St. Gaudens' Sherman group at 
the entrance to Central Park, repro- 
duced from a color drawing by F. V. 
Dumond, which conveys not only the 
color but the vigor and spirit of the 
original. Two other examples of 
color work are a "Tiger and Cobra," 
drawn by Charles R. Knight, and a 
double page drawing by Maxfield Par- 
rish in illustration of Keats' ode "To 
Autumn," which is accompanied by a 
facsimile of the original manuscript, 
owned in Boston, and now first repro- 
duced. 

There are also timely as well as sea- 
sonable features, reflecting the current 
interest in Japan and Russia. Hon. 
Andrew D. White continues his enter- 
taining papers, with recollections and 
impressions of Russia during his ser- 
vice as minister in 1892. The article 
has in parts the character of a philip- 
pic, and is written with intense con- 
viction. Mr. White gives his impres- 
sions of the present Czar and Czaro- 
vitch, and others of the imperial fam- 
ily— De Plehve, Makaroff. De Witte— 
and records his frank criticism of the 
Russian foreign policy and its conduct 
toward Finland. 

"Japanese Devotion and Courage" is 
the title of a paper by Oscar King Da- 
vis, who describes graphically the 
three heroic attempts to block the har- 
bor of Port Arthur, and several cour- 
ageous actions on the part of the mili- 
tary. A short article on "The Peer- 
esses of Japan in Tableaux" introduces 
a dozen views of a recent exhibition 
for charity in which, for the time, the 
peeresses appeared in public — an extra- 
ordinary innovation, which is said to 
be no less remarkable than the feudal 
nobles' voluntary relinquishment of 
their fiefs in 1868. The subjects of 
these tableaux were heroic scenes from 
the history of Japan. A curious paper 
by Gustave Michaud, entitled "The 
Brain of the Nation," undertakes to 
answer the question, "Where are the 
most intellectual people of our coun- 
try?'" In this respect the large cities 
are compared, with a result which is 



>*To Homeseekers** 4 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA." 

Is the title of a new pamphlet Issued by the 
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. W« 
will gladly mail you a copy. 
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHERER, Agt., 
G. P. A., Lands and Immigration, 
Roanoke, Va. 

Northern Virginia, 

Grain, Fruit, Dairy and Blue Grass Farms of 

every Class within one hour of Washington, 1>. C. 

LOUDOUN COUNTY 

Farms a Specialty .... 

Catalogue on application. 

P. B. BUELL CO. SO , 
Real Instate BroKers, 

Herndon, Fairfax Co., Va. 

DWELLING, LAND and 
HILLING OUTFIT, 

for sale. Pine 10 room house, well furnished, 
25 acres good land (5 acres cleared), 10 min- 
utes' walk to depot, together with pumping 
station, 20 h. p. boiler and engine, saw and 
grits mill and cotton gin, in good running 
condition, in the town of Bronson, Pla. 
Price, $2,500. Write for further information 
to J. R. SQUIRES, Bronson, Pla. 

A FINE FARM FOR S ^E 

Being physically unable to properly man- 
age my farm of 910 acres, I offer it for sale. 
600 acres in cultivation, 200 acres splendid 
timber land— no waste lands. Good dwelling, 
store house, barns, water-works, telephone, 
daily mails. 13 good cabins, with tenants. 
All lands in cultivation, circled and terraced. 
Price, $17.50 per acre. Any one looking for 
such prroperty can address or call on 

W. B. MERCIER, Centreville. Miss. 

Old Virginia Farms 

25, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 acre tracts. 
Some of these highly Improved and conve- 
nient to schools, churches, steam and trolley 
lines. Send for our new catalogue. HOCK- 
ADAY, CASSELMAN & CO., Box 257, Rich- 
mond, Va. 

630 ACRE FARM 

Near Keysvllle, Va., for sale at $4.00 per 
acre. This farm Is well wooded and watered; 
about half of it is in original growth timber 
valued at several thousand dollars. Am anx- 
ious to sell. Correspondence Invited. T. B. 
ROBERTS, Chase City, Va. 

CHEAP LANDS for sale 

1,000 acres on Indian river, Pla. Building 
lots, orange and grape fruit groves, pine- 
apple plantations, wild land. $5 to $10 per 
acre. Also a bearing fruit farm near Lynch- 
burg, Va., $15 per acre. Owing to poor 
health, will sell any quantity desired cheap 
or. easy terms. Rare opportunity for profit- 
able investments. JAS. HOLMES, College 
Park, Va. 

"In the Green Fields of Virginia." 

Homes for ALL; Health for ALL; Happi- 
ness and Independence for ALL. ALL sizes 
of FARMS at corresponding prices, but ALL 
reasonable. 

MACON & CO., Orange, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



755 



To Land Owners. 

Have you a map of your farm, or is 
your old map torn and falling to pieces? 
I make a specialty of farm map making, 
and should be glad to make you a nice 
map. If you haven't a map, copy the 
metes and bounds from your deed (be 
careful in copying), and mail to me; or If 
you want your old map copied, mail it to 
me. My maps are made on best quality 
mapping cloth (doesn't tear or fade), and 
look well framed and hung on the wall. 
Are you satisfied that your farm contains 
as many acres as you paid for? or are 
you buying or selling land and wish to 
know the area without going to the 
trouble and expense of a new survey? If 
so, let me calculate the area for you from 
the old notes on your deed. Many of our 
old surveyors were very careless with 
their calculations, and I may save you 
many times my small charge for calcu- 
lating. 

My charges are: For maps, $2.00 each; 
for calculating area, 10 sides or under, 
$1.00: 10c. extra for each side over 10. 

SPECIAL ATTENTION given to sur- 
veying and dividing large tracts of land 
and to surveys of coal, timber and min- 
eral lands in Virginia, North Carolina 
and West Virginia. 

DAVID T. WILLIAMS, 
Civil Engineer and Surveyor, 336 Main 
St., Danville, Va. 



FARM LANDS. 

The best locations, choicest lands in Vir- 
ginia. Grains, Grasses, Fruit, Poultry, Dairy. 

Stock. For catalogue and further informa- 
tion, address 

Real Estate Trust Co., 

RICHMOND, VA. 

/ Can Sell Your Farm.... 

If located In one of these Virginia counties: 
Frlnce George, Chesterfield, King William, 
Gloucester, New Kent, King and Queen, 
Hanover. Send description, stating price. 
JOHN JELINEK, 1116 Pine Alley, 
Braddock, Pa. 

VIRGINIA FARMS 

S3 PEB AO«E AND UPWARD** 

EASY PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE 

6E0. E. CRAWFORD & CO.. Richmond, Va 

Established 1876. 



Go South. 



For full par- 
ticulars write 
A. JEFFERS, 
Norfolk, Va. 



• -"*-• VIRGINIA FARMS »""»►• 
Nice little poultry farm, 100 acre9, good bouse 
and orchard, SWO 00. Blue Grass, Stock and 
Fruit Farms. Address I'ORTER & GATES, 

Louisa, Va. 



POSITION WANTED 

on a stock and dairy farm, by man who ha» 
had experience with cattle. W. P. DAVIS. 
B. F. D. 6, Gaffney, S. C. 



SALESMEN WANTED 

In Virginia and adjacent territory for old 
established line of live stock remedies. Only 
those with experience in this or similar line, 
and capable of earning $100 net or more, per 
month need apply. Give references and full 
particulars in first letter. Address JOS. 
HAAS, V. S., 106 So. Penn. St., Indianapolis, 
Tnd. I 9. 



likely to cause surprise to most read- 
ers. 

Of the fiction — the readers of "The 
Sea Wolf" will turn first of all to the 
concluding chapters of that strenuous 
tale. The stories include "Within the 
Enemy's Lines," by Edward Boltwood; 
"Down the Flume with the Sneath 
Piano," by Bailey Millard; "The Man 
Who Forgot," by Alice Sedgwick (sis- 
ter of Anne Douglas Sedgwick) — a 
story of cheating at cards; "An Impos- 
sible Possibility," by Elliott Flower, a 
story of municipal politics. These are 
illustrated, respectively, by Ashe, Rus- 
sell. Marchand and Grnger. A fifth 
story, unillustrated, is "Miss Harriet's 
Extravagance," by Florida Pier. 



Readers throughout the United States 
and Canada are on the qui-vive of ex- 
pectancy at the announcement of a 
new novelette by Charles G. D. 
Roberts. This is published entire in 
the November number of Lippincott's 
Magazine. A bit of inside history con- 
cerning this "find" is that it was first 
submitted in short story form to the 
editor of Lippincott's Magazine. He 
at once saw in it splendid possibilities 
as a novel and suggested its expansion 
to Mr. Roberts. Hence, "The Prisoner 
or Mademoiselle de Biencourt" makes 
its bow to the public in a size befitting 
its greatness. This is a rattling good 
story of adventure. It is placed in 
the beautiful "Evangeline" country; 
and in picturesqueness, in power of 
portrayal, and in literary finish it is 
not surpassed in contemporary fiction. 

An entertaining tale of "get rich 
quick" variety is called "The Meta- 
morphosis of Phil Barrett." Its au- 
thor is Albert Payson Terhune, the 
talented son of his talented mother, 
"Marion Harland." Among the ple- 
thora of automobile stories afloat the 
one called "Matched Pairs," by Helen 
Sherman Griffith, shines out on a plane 
by itself for its cleverly interwoven 
love-interest. Prince Vladimir Vaniat- 
sky, the Russian diplomat, contributes 
a short story, entitled "The Tragic 
Child," which contains a happy note, 
notwithstanding its title. A humorous 
story of a preacher's ruse and its out- 
come is called "Uncle Luke's Down- 
fall." The author is C. T. Revere. 
"The Tale of a Cad," by Alison M. 
Lederer, presents its artist hero in the 
unenviable role of playing fast and 
loose with a woman's heart. 

An especailly important paper, on 
"Mr. Gladstone's Friendship with Lord 
Acton," is written by the Hon. Maud 
Lyttelton. All the interesting new 
matter which it contains has been en 
dorsed by "The Grand Old Man's" 
daughter, Mrs. Mary Gladstone Derw. 



The November St. Nicholas, No. 1 of 
Volume XXXII, is notable by virtue 
of the first chapters of L. Frank 
Baum's new serial, "Queen Zixi of Ix." 
Mr. Baum will be remembered as the 
author of "The Wizard of Oz" and 
other delightful absurdities; and this 



Make your face 
happy by using 
s' Shav- 



ing 5oap 

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample 

for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. 

Write for booklet " How to Shave." 

The]. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. 

Virginia Polytechnic institute, 

(State Agricultural and Mechanical College) 

AT BLACKSBURG, VA. 
A SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF TECH- 
NOLOGY. 
54 Instructors. Thoroughly equipped Shops, 
Laboratories, and Infirmary. Farm of 409 
acres. Steam heating and electric lights i» 
dormitories. Degree courses in Agriculture, 
Horticulture, Civil, Mechanical and Electri- 
cal Engineering, Applied Chemistry and Gen- 
eral Science. Shorter courses in Practical 
Agriculture and Practical Mechanics. Total 
cost of session of nine months, including tui- 
tion, and other fees, Board, Washing, Text- 
Books, Uniform, Medical Attendance, etc., 
$222. Cost to State students, $182. Session be- 
gan September 21, 1904. For catalogue and 
other Information, apply to J. M. McBRTDE, 
Ph. D., LL. D., President. 

WANTED TO SUPERINTEND 

a good farm in Virginia, near river pre- 
ferred, either on shares or on salary. Will- 
ing to put some money in if satisfactory. 
Have run a James river farm for nine years 
successfully. I have a large force of help 
in my own family, and had a life experience. 
Best of references in Virginia and here. Ad- 
dress THOS. SHOOSMITH, 3030 Kensington 
avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Situation Wanted 

by a practical and experienced man, as 
Manager of a Large Dairy Farm near a town 
where milk and butter could be sold from a 
wagon. Address B. H. VAN MATER, Bel 
Alton, Charles County, Md. 



WANTED 



an experienced man on my farm, near Rich- 
mond. $15 per month and board. Also a boy. 
$4 per month and board. Address "EXPE- 
RIENCE," care Southern Planter. 

oe WANTED .* 

An experienced farmer and business man 
wi*h $2,000 to engage with me in the sheep 
business in the mountains of West Virginia. 
Also good man to rent a farm in West Vir- 
ginia. O. D. HILL, Kendalia, W. Va. 

F. E MYERS &l BRO. Honored. 

Thev Capture Highest Awrd at the 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition 

The World's Fair Judges hnve awarded F E. 
Myers&Bro. «shland, Ohio hisrhest erand prize 
pnd eold medal inr their famous line of Pumps, 
Hav Too's. etc. 

Thiols only another proof of the fuel that every 
one who knows thebe'-t "Takes off his hat to the 
Myers." 

Mention The Southern Planteb in 
writing. 



756 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 




Grain Pasture Mixture 



FOR FALL SOWING. 

A combination of Wheat, Barley, 
Rye and Winter Turf Oats. 

Yields the largest amount of Winter and 
Spring grazing, fine for soil improving 
or can be cut for hay. 

Sow 1 Vi bushel per acre. 
Price per bushel, $1.00. 5 bushel and over 
90c per bushel. 50 bushel, 85c per bushel. 

SACKS INCLUDED. 

We carry the most complete assortment 
of all seeds, viz: Seed Wheat. Barley, 
Rye. Winter Turf Oats, Grass, Clover 
and Forage Crops. 

Write for our Large Free Catalog No. 423. 
WOOD, STUBBS £ CO., Seedsmen, 

LOUISVILLE, KY. 



Trees ■ Trees 

I offer a fine lot of whole root trees. 

APPLES, PEARS, PEACHES, 
CHERRIES, PLUMS, GRAPE 
VINES, RASPBERRIES, Etc, 

Save agent's commission by send- 
ing your order to the nursery. 
CATALOGUE FREE. All Stock Inspected 
— ■—■ mioim — and Fumigated. 

WERTZ'S NURSERY, SALEM, VA. 



ii'.r.v 



Reliable Seeds 



FOR FALL SOWING. 

Seed Oats, Rye, Barley, Rape, Vetches, 
Alfalfa, Clover and Grass Seeds, Union 
Sets and Garden Seeds of the highest 
'liiality and germination at the lowest 
market prices. Write us for quotations. 
Mall orders given prompt attention. 

DIGGS & BEADLES, 

SEEDSMEN, 

1709 E. Franklin St., RICHMOMD, VA. 

Samples mailed when desired. 
Catalogue mailed free. 



new story starts qff so fascinatingly 
that every young reader will welcome 
the announcement that "Queen Zixi of 
Ix" is to run all through the year. 
The story is also notable for its illus- 
trations, many of them in color. In- 
deed, it is promised that the serial 
will bring at least sixteen full pages 
printed in color, with sixty or more 
colored illustrations in the text. 

The November St. Nicholas brings, 
too, the first of what promises to be a 
series of rarely instructive and valu- 
able papers for young readers by the 
well-known art critic, Charles H. Caf- 
fin. The papers will be grouped un- 
der the heading, "How to Study Pic- 
tures." This month Mr. Caffln takes 
up the two paintings of "The Madonna 
Enthroned," by Cimabue and Giotto, 
and the paintings of "The Virgin En- 
throned," by Botticelli and Memling, 
tells of the artists, points out the like- 
nesses and the differences of the pic- 
tures contrasted, and in careful detail 
advises how to get the most and the 
best out of pictures. The same plan 
will be followed in other papers, to 
come, and reproductions of the world's 
masterpieces will be used to point the 
moral and adorn the tale. And there 
is another series of helpful and in- 
structive articles beginning in this is- 
sue, entitled "The Practical Boy," by 
Joseph H. Adams. This first paper 
treats of simple carpentry stnd paint- 
ing and the use of tools in a clear, 
practical manner, with many illustra- 
tions to help the amateur carpenter. 
Other papers are promised from month 
to month along the same lines from 
Mr. Adams, who was for years chief 
designer of artistic wood and metal 
work for a great manufacturing firm 
in New York. 



THE 



NUT NURSERY CO. 

MONTICELLO FLA. 

Growers of FANCY and RARK \ ■ qtPTTU'c 
by grafting In all of the more Important 
species of nuts. We have probably the 
FINEST STOCK OF GRAFTED PECANS In 
the South. Catalogue for the asking. J. F. 
JONES. Manager. 



FLOOR PAINT. 



A Methodist minister's wife is au- 
thority for this recipe, published some 
years ago in a newspaper: For a floor 
twelve by sixteen feet, take four 
pounds of French ochre and mix with 
one gallon of boiling water, to which 
one ounce of melted glue has been add- 
ed. Paint the floor with this mixture 
while it is hot, using a whitewash 
brush for the purpose. It dries quick- 
ly. If applied at noon, it will be dry 
by night. When dry apply a coat of 
boiled linseed oil, using the whitewash 
brush. It should be dry by morning. 
About three quarts of oil will be need- 
ed. The floor improves in looks as 
it is cleaned from week to week. Fill 
cracks and nailholes with a mixture of 
sawdust and glue several days before 
painting. 



GINSENG 4. RAWFURS 
Wanted; full value for your goods. Write 
for price lists. Address H. C. METCAL.F, 
Alstead, N. H. 



Daniel Webster liked to make re- 
marks of a character intended to puz- 
zle simple minds. Stopping to dinner 
one day at a country inn on his way to 
Marshlleld, he was asked by the hos- 
tess if he usually had a good appetite. 
"Madam," answered Webster, "I some- 
times eat more than I do at other 
times, but never less." 



COW PEAS 

WANTED. 

State variety and price, and mail 
sampler. 

Robert Buist Company, 

SEEDSMEN, 

Philadelphia, - - Penn. 




Write for It and you .get price list of EARLY 
and SELECT varieties of 

SEED (Irish) POTATOES. 

PERCY L. BANKS, 
P. O. Box 182, Norfolk, Va 

Strawberry Plants, 
Trees, etc. 

?1.60 buys 1,000 nice young STRAWBERRY 
PLANTS, and If you are not satisfied with 
them, you can get your money back. Send 
for free catalogue. JOHN LIGHTFOOT, R. 
F. D. 2, Sherman Heights, Tenn. 

Largest Peach Tree Growers 

IN THE SOUTH. 
Write for our new illustrated 
and descriptive catalogue of 
general Nursery Stock. 

CHATTANOOGA NURSERIES, 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 

i! I fa 1 fa. Seed, ^busht: 

INOCULATED ALFALFA SOIL, 75c. 100 
lbs.; $10 a ton. RECORDED HEREFORDS, 
almost beef prices. J. N. SHIRLEY, 

Lebanon, Ind. 

SAVE THAT PORKER. 

To any person sending us 25 cents in 
stamps or silver we will send by mail a 
bottle of GREGORY'S ANTISEPTIC HEAL- 
ING OIL, guaranteed to cure every case of 
Cholera in hog or chicken if administered in 
first stage of the disease. Cures colic In 
man or horse in one to three minutes. If it 
fails drop a postal card and we will return 
stamps or money. Full directions given. 
GREGORY MEDICINE CO., Conway, Ark. 
Send now, as this ad. will not appear but 
three times. 



sim1 Whiilie; Habits 

cured at liome without 

pain. Bool: of particulars 

. sent KKKE. B. M.. 

FWooIIoy,.U.l>.,Ail«iili»,<»:>., 103 N.PryorSt. 





1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



757 




Horse Owners Know 

from long experience in treating* such characteris- 
tic ailments of the horse as Spavins, Ringbones, 
Splints, Curbs and all the forms of Lameness that 
the one reliable remedy is 

KENDALL'S SPAVIN CURE 

Bleecker, N. Y., Tan. 24, 1904. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co. 

Gentlemen: Enclosed please find a'2c stamp for 

■which kindly send me your "Treatise on the Horse 

and his Diseases." I think that your Kendall's 

Spavin Cure is a great remedy for everything. I 

would not be without it. I cured a. Spavin of three 

months standing on a colt with one bnttle of your 

Spavin Cure, WILLIAM RHINEHART. 

Price SI; six for 55. As a liniment for family use 

it has no equal. Ask your druggist for Kendall's 

Spavin Cure, also a 'Treatise on the Horse and his 

Diseases," the book free, or address 

Dr. B. J. KENDALL CO., EKOSSURC FALLS, VT. 




Bone Spavin, Bos Spavin. Ringbone or 
any kind of blemish— we have what yon 
need to make acertaln cure. Guaranteed 
always— money right back if It ever falls. 

Fleming's Spavin Cure (Liquid) 

for the soft bunches— Paste for the hard 
ones- A 45-minute application and the 
lameness goes. Lots of blemish Infor- 
mation In the free book we send. 

Fislula. 

and 

Poll Evil 

. , yourself what horse doctors 
charge big prices for trying to do. 
Cure Fistula or Poll Evil In fifteen 
to thirty days. 




Fleming's Fistula & Poll Evil Cure 

Is a wonder— guaranteed to cure any 
case— money back if it fails. No cutting- 
no scar. Leaves the horse sound and 
smooth. Write for our free book on 
diseases and blemishes of horses. 

TLEMINC BROS., Chemists, 
280 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, f" 



.DEATH TO HEAVES 
Uoftranteed 




NEWTON'S Heaie, Cough, Dl. 
temper and Indigestion Ur*. 
A veterinary specibc for wiod, 
.throat and stomach troubles. 
^ rfJ *^ St ■tng recommends. $1.00 pel 
can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid. 
TheSiewton Remedy Co,. 
Toledo, Ohio. 



NO flORE BLIND HORSbS. 

For Specific Opt almia, Moon Blindness, and 
other Bore Eyes, Barry (Jo., Jowa City, la have a 
sure cure-. 




GREENSBORO, N.C. 

For the treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .n- 
jther Drug Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit, Nerve Exhauatio 



Mr. Editor, — We are pleased to note 
many improvements in manufacturing 
in this section, among which we find 
the Planters Hoe Shop, formerly own- 
ed by D. & H. Scovil; now owned and 
run by the Porters, who have added to 
this already large shop another shop 
200 feet more in length, and another 
100 horse power engine. I have also 
noticed the addition of another 100 
horse power boiler and engine added to 
the already large water power of the 
famous Cutaway Harrow Co.'s works; 
also notice with pleasure the addition 
of an electric light plant to spread the 
light and power into the dark corners 
of this shop. 

The Clarks' Genuine Cutaways are 
truly a great invention. The Clarks' 
Cutaway trade-mark is worth a for- 
tune to the Cutaway Harrow Co. It 
always insures a machine of excellent 
quality. The trade in this section is 
good; also in the South, West and far 
West; foreign trade was never better. 
Yours truly, Geo. M. Clark. 



YORKSHIRE HOGS AT BOWMONT 
FARMS. 

We invite the attention of our read- 
ers to the ad. of Bowmont Farms. 
Col. Bowman, the proprietor, writes us 
that he has recently added to his al- 
ready fine herd of large Yorkshires the 
great sows, Oak Lodge Julia, 35th, 
Oak Lodge Pride, 80th, first and third 
prize sows, respectively, in the Junior 
class at the recent swine exhibit at the 
World's Fair. Both of these sows 
were bought from Mr. Brethour, of 
Ontario, who is a well known breeder. 

These farms have always been noted 
for breeding the best in everything, 
and it is very evident that Col. Bow- 
man is determined that this reputation 
shall not suffer. Look up the ad. and 
get prices on some of the splendid 
stock now for sale. 



THE LEHMAN HEATERS. 
One of the most useful devices ever 
advertised in our columns is the Leh- 
man Heater. It certainly transforms 
a long, cold drive in a sleigh or buggy 
into one of comfort and pleasure. The 
Heater is very neat and attractive in 
appearance, costs only two cents per 
day to operate, using Lehman Coal, 
which has no smoke or smell. There 
is positively no danger of setting fire 
to anything. Inquire of your hardware 
man for one, and if he cannot supply 
you, write to the makers, whose ad. 
will be found on another page. 



Would you rub up a lather on your 
face for shaving with a coarse scrub- 
bing brush? It's nearly as bad — using 
toilet or laundry soap for the lather. 
After shaving, your face ought to feel 
cool and smooth and comfortable. If 
it doesn't — try real shaving soap — 
made by The J. B. Williams Company, 
whose advertisement appears else- 
where in this paper. Shaving may be- 
come a pleasure — as you will learn if 
you take advantage of their offer. 



Warranted 

to give satisfaction 




GOMBAULT'S 

CAUSTIC BALSAM 

A safe, speedy and 
positive cure for 

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, 
and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone 
and other bony tumors. Cures all skin 
diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. 
Removes all Bunches from Horses or 
Cattle. 

As a HUMAN SEMEDT for Rheu- 
matism, Sprains, Sore Throat, etc., It 

is invaluable. 

Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 9(11.5© 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for its 
use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo- 
nials, etc. Address 
TIE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cleveland, Ohio. 



Make Your Idle Money 



Earn You Interest. 



Write the FfRST NATIONAL BANK 
of RICHMOND, VIRGINIA foi infor- 
mation concerning its certificate of 
deposit, so arranged that one per 
cent, may be collected every FOUR 
MONTHS through your nearest bank 
or store. 

Our experience proves this form for 
savings to be the most satisfactory 
plan yet devised for deposits of $100. 00 
or more. 

Our Capital and Surplus is 

ONE MILLION DOLLARS. 

JOHN B. PURCELL, President. 

JNO. M. MILLER, Jr., Vice-Pres. & Cashier. 
CHA8. R. BURNETT, Assistant Cashier. 
J. C. JOPLIN, Assistant Cashier 

"Crop Growing 
and Crop Feeding." 

By Prof. w. f. massey. 

383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. 



We offer this splendid work In connec- 
tion with th? SOUTHERN PLANTER 
at the following prices: 

Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume. $1.28. 
Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 90c 
Old or new subscriptions. 



75S 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



[November, 



COCKERELS 

of the following breeds for sale at $1 each: 
BARRED and WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 
BLACK MINORCAS, BLACK LANGSHAN, 
S. C. WHITE and BROWN and R. C. 
BROWN LEGHORNS and LIGHT BRAH- 
MA.?; also TOULOUSE GEESE and PEKIN 
DUCKS. J. B. JOHNSON, Clover Hill Farm, 
Manassas, Va. 



•^FiNEl FOWLSi? 

BARRED, BUFF and WHITE PLYMOUTH 
ROCKS; SILVER, WHITE BUFF and PAR- 
TRIDGE WYANDOTTES; BLACK MINOR- 
CAS; BLACK LANGSHANS; LIGHT BRAH- 
MAS: BUFF and PARTRIDGE COCHINS; 
WHITE and BROWN LEGHORNS. 

We are headquarters for stock and eggs 
of the above breeds, and will give satisfac- 
tion every time. OAKLAND POULTRY 
FARM, C. J. WARINER, Manager, Ruffin, 
N. C. 




S»LVER=LACEO 

WYANDOTTES. 

strong, healthy, farin-raised 
birds, Orr's strain, fine plum- 
age — Cockerels, 81.25; fe- 
males, SI. order early so as 
to get fir9t choice. Satisfac- 
tion to every customer or mo- 
ney refunded. POLA N D 
CHINA PIGS S5 each. 

Dr. H. H. L<2B, 
R. F. D. No. 2. Lexington, Va. 



White Leghorn 

Cockerels for sale. Exhibition 
or breeding stock. Address 



R. F. n. 2, 



C. Q M. FINK, 



Richmond, Va. 



SINGLE COMB 

White Leghorn 

Cocks and Pullets. Some 
fine ones, and plenty of nice 
B. P. HOCK PULLETS for 
sale at right prices. Write 
us your wants. 
PRICE & PRICE, Propr., 
Green Bay Poultry Yards, 
Green Bay, Va. 




BROWN LEGHORNS, 

White Plymouth Rocks. 

Some fine cockerels ajid pullets for 
sa'e cheap. 

R. W. HAW, Jr., Centralia, Va. 



SPECIAL SALE 

BARRED PLYMOUTH COCKERELS for sale 
at a very lew special rate If taken before 
bei 1. 1904. Thoroughbred stock, and 
are very fine birds. Elegantly marked. Ad- 
dress PIEDMONT POULTRY PLACE, Whit- 
tles Depot, Va., Miss E. CM, UK GILES, 
Propr. 

FOWLS FOR SALE. 

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS (Mammoth 
Strain), ST per trio. EMBDEN GEESE, sr, 
per pair. ROSE COMB WHITE LEGHORNS, 

$4 per trio. MRS. LIZZIE DTER, Versailles, 
Tenn. 



HOME-MADE RUGS. 
There are many sensible women in 
t the country who never gave up the 
practice of making rag rugs during all 
the years these useful things were in 
disfavor, and now that fashion has set 
its seal of approval on them, they are 
besieged with inquiries as to how to 
make them. The old custom of speak- 
ing of "hideous rag carpets" has given 
place to such exclamations as, "How 
striking.-' "Too beautiful for anything." 
The woman in the country is apt to 
smile a little over the raptures of her 
visitors, and wonder how long the new 
fad will last, but she knows that as 
long -s she keeps house, rugs will 
form an important part of the furnish- 
ing thereof. 

To the novice a few general direc- 
tions may not come amiss. For kitch- 
en use and on porches the hit-and- 
miss style is the best, as the odds and 
ends from making fancy rugs may be 
used as well as the ugly rags" old 
trousers and coats make. Keep all 
colors separate, and much trouble and 
work will be avoided. Some people 
argue that it is just as easy to have 
one large basket and pick out the rags 
as you want them; but much handling 
frays and spoils them, and it is just 
as easy to have three or four grape 
baskets without handles to hold the 
different colors. For fine rugs cut 
the rags narrow, but where they will 
see hard service make the strips at 
least an inch wide. Of course the 
finer the rags the thinner the rug. 

For a bedroom rug, I have just fin- 
ished tearing up some faded shirts, 
that could really be called white now, 
and some old pink night shirts. T 
know this will be a dainty combina- 
tion, for a woman near by made one. 
using pink chain, or rather a light 
shade of red. and the result was very 
pleasing. One pink and one white was 
the rule, and I aimed to tear the strips 
the same length as nearly as possible. 
This rug will not get hard wear in 
front of a spare bed, and will keep 
clean several years before it needs 
washing. After that it can be dipped 
in dye and used again, or, if dingy- 
looking, be used on rainy days on the 
piazza. 

For a drugget for a dining-room, 
take all one color of rags and have 
two strips woven each one yard wide 
and two and one-half yards long. Some 
looms turn out carpet a yard and a 
quarter wide, and in that case it is 
hell")- to make the strips a little 
longer. Strip six inches from each 
end with a six inch band of contrast- 
ing color, and when the strips are 
sewed together, you will have a beau- 
tiful drugget at a moderate cost. Mine 
is made from old trousers, and has a 
red border and red fringe. The fringe 
i made from woolen yarn, in the way 
we used to fringe our tidies, and we 
think it is very pretty. 

An nil white rug ; s beautiful but. to 
my mind, too perishable for a home 
where the mistress does her own work. 



TEN TRIOS 



JDull l^egnorns, 

the best layers, beautifully marked, from 
strains which layed 210 eggs a year. $5 a 
trio. 

SUPERB BRONZE TURKEYS from the 
best pens of the country. Trio, $10; hens, 
$3 each. Toms, $4 to $5 each. Satisfaction 
guarantee. A. R. VENABLE. JR., Farm- 
ville, Va. 



Imported KENNY and ASEELS of the best 
fighting strains in England. A few 1904 birds 
for sale. Price $6 the trio. State wants. 
OWEN SWAFFIELD, 
Ivy Depot, Va. 

PIT G A M ES 

Black Devil.-, and Red Cubans. 

Where they won, Sharon, N. Y., 4 out of E- 
Blue Rock, Pa., 2 out of 3. Clarion, Pa., i 
straight. Roanoke, Va., 8 out of 9. Akron, 
la., 2 straights. Eggs, $2 per sitting. Young 
trios, quail size, $3. 

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va. 

white holland turkeys, w. 

Plymouth rock fowls, tou= 
louse gees;-], pekin ducks 

and PEA FOWLS. 

Egtrs in season. Will exchange for 

White Plymouth Roi-ks. 
OAK HILL FARM, Wenonda, Va. 

(Oak Hill Station, D & W. ky.) 




iARQAIN SALE 

of Cockerels; Langshans, 
Orpingtons, Rocks, Wyan- 
dottes, Minorcas, Leghorns 
and others. Write wants. 
Low prices for early buy- 
ers. Large illustrated poul- 
try book describes 40 va- 
rieties best poultry, only 6c. List free. 
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Harrisonburg, Va. 

Pure-Bred Buff Orpington 

Cockerels for sale; $1 up, depending on 
quality. Also K.. (.'. White Leghorn Cockerels, 
"Victor Strnin", and v>. K Turkeys of excellent 
breeding. Write me what you want. T. M. 
KING. Queensland Farm, R. F. D. 2, Hagan, 
Lee county, Va. 

& PIEDnONT HEIGHTS FARM «S> 

YANCEY HILL?, VA. 
SINGLE COMB BROWN LEGHORN Cock- 
erels, Pulietsand yearling hens for sale. Young 
stock is practically full-grown. 

F. C. LOUHOFF, Prop. 

SATISFY YOURSELF 

SPLENDID BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK 
COCKERELS (Bradley Strain). Can be re- 
turned if don't please. L. W. WALSH, Box 
194, Lynchburg, Va. 

CHICKENS 

for sale. B. P. ROCK. S. C. B. LEGHORN 
and WHITE WYANDOTTE. Fine pure bred 
stock. Prices reasonable. Write Miss CLARA 
L. SMITH, Croxton, Caroline county, Va. 

PURE BRED 

Mammoth Bronze Turkey 

Gobblers for sale. MISS M. E. BADER, 
McGaheysville, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



759 



EDW. S. SCHMID, 

Emporium «e Pets 

SINGING BIRDS, FINE BRED FOWLS, 
CAGES, PIGEONS DOGS, PET ANI- 
MALS, GOLD FISH, AQUA- 
RIUMS, DOG AND BIRD 
FOODS, MEDICINES, 
ETC*. 



FLORISTS' SUPPLIES of all kinds. 



712 12th Street, N. W., 
WASHINGTON, = - - D. C. 



TE 



ALL KINDS OF 

LIVE WILD BIRDS AND ANIMALS 

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Ducks, Swans. Bob White 
Quail, Grey Squirrels, Bear, Baby Rac- 
coons, Foxes. Etc. 

DR. CECIL FRENCH, 

718 Twelfth St. N. W., Washington. D. C. 

PURE BRED 

Buff Plymouth RoGk 

COCKERELS, April hatch, for sale. Finely 
colored; from famous Nugget strain; healthy 
and well grown. For prices, etc., address 
MISS MARY FOSTER, Salem, Va. 

Very fine pure bred 

Plymouth Rock Cockerels, 

for sale at $1.50 each; also some splendid 
M. B. Turkeys for sale. F. MAXWELL 
CONNER, Box 316, Richmond, Va. 



Homer Pigeons, 

Bred of choicest selected stock, from Ply- 
mouth Rock Squab Co., $1 per pair. 

C. DE BRUYN KOPS, Wake, Va. 



COLLIE PUPS 



-« 



By Imported Sires, isable and white and tri 
colors. Prices. 88 to $15. Older ones correspond 
ingly low- Book on Training, 50 cents : Free 1' 
yon buv a Collie. 
MAPLEMONT STOCK FARM. Rutland. Vermont. 



Scotch Collies 

Champion blood of England and America. 
Puppies now ready to ship. Also bitches in 
whelp for sale. MEYER & JEHNE, Farm- 
ville, Va. 



Scotch Collie Pups 

S months old, bred from prize winning im- 
ported stock, with written pedigree for 94 
generations. Price, $10 each. Trained grown 
dogs at reasonable prices. C. H. BENNETT, 
Hollins, Va. 



t*^ Pointers* 1 ^ 

Several broken dogs and puppies of the best 
English and American strains for sale at rea- 
sonable price*. Also BULL, FOX and AIRE- 
DALE TERRIERS. 

OWEN SWAFFIELD, 
Ivy Depot, Va. 



The faded blues and pinks from chil- 
dren's dresses and old shirt waists 
combine beautifully and may be used 
with white or colored chain. Insist 
on having plenty of chain used in the 
weaving or your rug will be unsatis- 
factory and soon worn out. Red rugs 
show the dirt badly, but are useful to 
brighten up a dull carpet in a living 
room, while green ones are especially 
pleasing to the eye in summer time. 
Choose a reliable dye and follow the 
directions to the letter, if you expect 
success in coloring. Have your rags 
clean and wound in small hanks, dry 
thoroughly, and there is not much 
danger that they will fade. 

If once you take up the carpets at 
spring cleaning time and leave them 
up till fall with only gay rugs on the 
painted floors, you will never want to 
go back to the old way of having a 
dusty carpet down the year round. 
Two or three new rugs a year will be 
ample even for a large family, for 
they wear like iron when well made. — 
Hilda Richmond, in Country Gentle- 
man. 



The October "American Boy," with 
its football cover and ninety illustra- 
tions, ought to make a boy's heart 
jump with pleasure. This number is 
especially attractive. There is a mes- 
sage from Governor "Warfield, of Mary- 
land, to the boys of America, a page 
devoted to the Order of the American 
Boy, books reviewed, directions for 
savins: drowning persons, a page on 
stamps, coins and curios, one on ama- 
teur photography, and one on puzzles. 
Published by The Sprague Publishing 
Company, Detroit, Mich. Subscription 
price, $1 per annum. 



INSECT PESTS IN NORTH CARO- 
LINA. 
To the Editor: 

Dear Sir, — Your attention is called 
to the press edition of the Entomologi- 
cal Circulars. Each of these circulars 
deals with matters pertaining to in- 
sects which are of importance to farm- 
ers, truckers, orchardists, or to the 
public generally. It seems to me that 
it would be well, therefore, if you could 
rrint this notice in your paper, with 
the statement that copies of the regu- 
lar edition of each of the circulars 
may be had on application to me. 

I beg to assure you that this office 
is doing all that it can to make its 
work of real value to the people of the 
State, and to this end request your 
co-operation in extending notices of 
the circulars as they are issued. 
Franklin Sherman, 

Entomologist. 

Department of Agriculture, Raleigh, 
N. C. 



THE BRUTE. 

Wife — Mr. Dauber, the artist, has 
asked me to let him paint my face. 

Husband — He didn't think one coat 
was enough, I suppose. — Topeka State 
Journal. 



PRAISIE STATE 

INCUBATORS 
AND BRJOOMRS 



Winners of 385 First Prizes. A 
phenomenal record of successes in 
the hands of poultry-raisers. The 
machines that insure success. 
Would you like to know about them? 
Write for beautifully illustrated 
free catalogue. „ . - i ~ re M. 

Prairie S fate Incubator 



Co., Box 425, 
Homer City, 




WRTELCOJ 
QUINCY.1LL. 



EnsEan 

tells why our machine is preferred 
by users, and all about artificial 
incubation. There's pointers that 
may mean dollars to you. We 
pay freight, and guarantee goods 
as described or money back. The book 
is free. Write for it today. Postal will do. 




EASYMONEY 



results sure, profits large. 80 Days' 
Free Trial. Catalogue free. Mention 
thie paper.— Hawkeye Ineubator 
Co. t Box 49, Newton, Iowa. 



Percheron Stallions 

For sale; 2 years old and older; bred from the 

best families in America; pedigrees tracing to 

imported sire and dam; nothing but imported 

stallion used at the head of stufl ; prices right. 

D. T. MARTIN, Salem, Va. 

Sweetwood Jr., 

at a bargain. Dark sorrel, 6 years old, 
weighs 900 pounds; went half mile this sea- 
son in 1.08 with 3 weeks' handling. Write 
for pedigree. Price, $300 cash, if taken at 
once. H. F. SINCLAIR, Morrison, Va. 

THOROUGHBREDS for Sale. 

BAY COLT "BURT," May 10, 1901. By Au- 
rus, Cara Bell, by imp. Charaxus. 

FLORENCE GLENN, No. 15709, chestnut 
mare, by Linsey Woolsey; Thelma, by imp. 
Esher, foaled May 27. 1898. 

BROWN FILLY, Hannah C," No. 32735, 
foaled March, 1902, by Aureus; Kathleen Gray, 
by Jim Gray. For further information, ap- 
ply to S. H. WILSON, R. F. D. 2, Byrdville, 
Va. 

FOR SALE O EXCHANGE 

ALBENSON: "6249, Standard bred 
stallion 16^ hands h'gb ; weight, 1 200 
lbs. Rich bay with black points 
throughout. 

GEO. D. WINGFIELD. Bedford City, Va. 
FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE 

Thoroughbred Stallion 

"Hano," No. 18306 (foaled May 20, 1898), 
by Hanover, out of Lizzie Lee, she by Ten 
Broeck; he is a rich chestnut 15V4 hands, a 
sure foal getter, and a grand hunting horse. 
Write at once about him. G. I. HUTCHIN- 
SON, Summerville, S. C. 

Mention Tun Southern Planter in 
writing. 



760 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



30 ANGORA GOATS 



For sale at 

reasonable Prices. 

Kids in Pairs. 




C. H.W1NE, Brandy Station.Va. 



AMPDDA PflATC are handsome, hardy and 
ANUUnA UllA I O profitable For large cir- 
cular address E. W. COLE & CO.. Big Clirty, Ky. 



j3 



JACKS, 

JENNETS, 

STALLIONS. 

Floe Jacks a specialty. 

Write for what you want. 
W. E KNIGHT & CO.. R. F. D. 5, 

Nashville, Tenn. Phone 3095L 



KNIGHT & JETTON, 

Breeders of and dealers in 

JACKS 
JENNETS, STALLIONS, 

Durham and Hereford 

Yearlings. 

FINE JA^KS a specialty. 
Send Stamp for catalog. 

Murfreesboro, Tenn. 




KENTUCKY JACK FARM 

A fine lot of KEN 
TUCKT bred and bl» 
BLACK SPANI81 

Jacks and Jennet* 
also 1 and 2 year oK 
Jacks; young stock f«> 
sals at all times 
Write or see me be 
fore yuu ouj. cuine to Kentucky If jvt 
want a good Jack. JOB K. WRIGHT, June 
tlon City, Ky. 




Woodland Dorsets. 

At 6 greu' state Fairs this year, we 
won every first, but two. At St. Louis, 
we won second on Ewe Lamb and third 
on Ram Lamb, against the strongest 
Dorset Show ever seen in Araeiica. 
.I.E. WING & Bros., Mechanicsburg, O. 

DORSETS ±™ 
HEREFORDS 

H. ARMSTRI.'G. lantz Mills. Va. 



^ 0. I. C. PIGS 

FROM REO. STOCK 
FOR SALE. PRICES RIGHT. 
S. MICHIE, Charlottesville, Va. 



MAKING BOTH ENDS MEET. 

The old saying, "His head will never 
save his hands," has many illustra- 
tions, and in this story it has a most 
forcible application. 

"Well, Caleb,-' said Captain W„ of 
Massachusetts, years ago, "what will 
you ask a day to saw wood for me? 
I've got several cords that I want saw- 
ed in two for the fireplace." 

"I should charge you about half a 
dollar a day if I had a saw," replied 
Caleb, "but I ain't got none, captain, so 
I don't see how I can accommodate 
you." 

"If that's all that's lacking I guess 
we can manage it." said the captain. 
"I've got a prime new one, keen as a 
brier, and I'll let it to you reasonable. 
How would ninepence a cord do for the 
use of it?" 

"I reckon that's a fair price, cap- 
tain. I'll be over in the morning'." 

Bright and early that next July 
morning Caleb was at work, and he 
kept at it so faithfully that he finished 
before sunset, when he went to the 
house to settle. 

"Let's see" said the captain, "you 
were to have half a dollar a day; we'll 
call it a day, although it ain't sun- 
down yet. That's 50 cents for you. 
And you were to pay me ninepence a 
cord for the use of the saw. There 
were three cords and a half in the 
pile; that makes 43!| cents due me. 
Somehow, Caleb, you don't have very 
much coming to you." 

"How unfortnit." said Caleb, after 
scratching his head dubiously for half 
a minute, and then looking up quickly, 
as if a new light had broken in upon 
his mind. "How unfortnit that you 
didn't have half a cord more, for then 
we'd a come out jest square!" 



A POPULAR BOOK. 
On March 7, 1804. "a numerous and 
respectable meeting of persons of va- 
rious denominations" was held at the 
London Tavern, and a society formed 
"to promote the circulation of the 
Holy Scriptures in the principal living 
languages." At that time the Bible, 
or portions of it, could be obtained in 
about forty living languages, spoken 
by two-tenths of the race. During the 
century since the meeting at the Lon- 
don Tavern adjourned, and very large- 
ly from the machinery then and there 
started, the Scriptures have been trans- 
lated into 450 languages and dialects, 
understood by seven-tenths of the race. 
Bv the London society alone 180.000.- 
000 conies have been distributed, at an 
expense of $70 ooo r>on Tf we add to 
this total the 70 000.000 copies already 
distributed by the younger American 
Bible Sock-ty. and the unknown mil- 
lions printed and sold by private en- 
terprise we find ourselves inside a 
safe estimate if we hold that certainly 
.100.000,000 copies of the Scriptures, in 
whole or separate books or portions, 
have gone into circulation during the 
last century. Amazement attends the 
study of the Bible, whatever the point 



^HOLLYBROOK FARM^* 

IEIISIIIE PIES 



For Sale. 

THREE FINE YOUNG BOARS, 
five months old, $7.50 each. 

TWO YOUNG S0W5, same 
age and breeding, $7.50 each. 

These pigs are from registered stock 
and are first-class in every respect. Our 
pigs have free range, wit! a fine stream 
of running water through the hog pas- 
tures, and our stock is as vigorous and 
healthy as possible. 

Prices include crating and delivery 
f. o. b. cars at Richmond, Va. 

HENRY W. WOOD, 
P. O. Box 330. Richmond, Va. 

BERKSHIRE PIGS, 

for sale. A fine lot of spring farrowed 
Boars and Gilts. These pigs are sired 
by Imported Danesfield Tailor (76940) 
from the famous R. W. Hudson herd, 
Danesfield England. His sire is the cel- 
ebrated Manor Faithful, which sold at 
the Biltmore sale of 1903 for $615.00. 

Their dams are Buttercup of Bilt- 
more II (6661 1 ) and her get by Imported 
Danesfield Minting (B. B. 8564), giving 
strong Highclere blood. The bt st strains 
of Berkshire blood in the World is in 
these pigs Per igrees with every pig. 

D. CLARK, 

FREDERICKSBURG, VA 



Address, 
SN0WDEN FARM. 



WE NOW HAVE A CHOICE 
NUMBER OF PURE-BRED 

Berkshire Pigs 



MINIBORYA FARM, 
Box 90 1, Richmond, Va. 



BEECHENBR00K STOCK FARM. 

A Sp endid Chance 

TO BUY ROYALLY BRED BERKSHIRES 

AT A SACRIFICE. 

Pigs from 8 weeks to 8 months old. Also 
that fine Boar King John, of Fassifern, No. 
9123, 20 months old, by Sir John Bull, 3609, 
imported. Also 4 Registered Sows, 18 months 
old, all bred to King John of Fassifern. 
Will sell almost at butcher's prices to close. 
Act promptly. WILLIAMSON TALLEY, 
Richmond, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



761 



R ERKSWRE S 

ANNEFIELD HERD 

Contains the 

Finest Blood Lines 

in England and America. 



Young Stock for Sale. 

Inquiries cheerfully answered. 

EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms. M 

Berryville, Virginia. 2 



Berkshire Pigs 

ready for October and November de- 
livery by my 700 lb. boar, Capt. Jack 
68623 and out of sows weighing from 500 
to 600 lbs. in only fair breeding condi- 
tion. To shTw that these pigs are ex- 
tra good, I WILL SHIP TO RESPON- 
SIBLE PARTIES ON APPROVAL. 
Every hog in my herd is registered. 

WOODSIDE STOCK FARM, 

Charlottesville, Va. 



OUR herd represents the 
very best strains imported 

-LARGE- 

English Berkshires. 

Choice stock at reasona- 
ble prices. Address 

Cottage Grove Farm, 

P. 0. Box 5. Greensboro, N, C. 




BERKSHIRES 

All my pigs sold except twenty-one (21), 
farrowed September 20th, 24th and 25th, 1904. 
from registered sows, sired by MASON OF 
BILTMORE II (68548). Price, $6 each, or 
S10 a pair f. o. b. delivered first week in 
December. None but Biltmore blood in my 
herd. 

ROBERT HIBBERT, Charlottesville, Va. 



THREE BRED 

Berkshire Sows 

and 1 READY-FOR-SERVICE BOAR for 
sale at a bargain. COLLIE PUPS, sable and 
white, full white points; breeding unsurpass- 
ed. Write for prices. ALFRED P. WHITE, 
JR., Parksley, Va. 



HAWKSLEY STOCK FARM 
has some very choice 

Berkshire Pig 



o 



now ready for shipment. They are "tops" in 
breeding and individuality. Also M B. TUR- 
KEYS and 8 C. B. LEGHORN CHICKENS for 
sale. J. T. OLIVER, Prop'r. 

Allen's Level, Va. 



of view or the course pursued. But 
nothing about the Bible is more amaz- 
ing ihan its continuous, universal and 
utterly unparalleled popularity. In 
nearly every, if not every, country on 
earth where books are sold, more 
Bibles are sold than any other book. 
Last year the British and Foreign 
Bible Society alone distributed 5,943,- 
775 copies, the majority by sale, in 370 
languages, covering every part of the 
globe. And the issue by the American 
Society for the year amounted to 
1,993,558 Bibles and portions. — Cen- 
tury. 



CHRISTINE'S CONSCIENCE. 
Christine was the young daughter 
of a professor in a Western University, 
and had acquired from the students a 
picturesque vocabulary. The kitten 
with which she was playing one morn- 
ing displeased her, and she exclaimed: 
"Oh, you blanked, blanked little kit- 
ten!" Thereupon her mother led her 
to her bedroom, washed out her mouth 
with soap and water, then touched it 
with quinine. "It is very bitter, my 
daughter, - ' said the troubled parent, 
"but the taste of those bad words you 
have spoken is far worse." On the 
following day the kitten again dis- 
pleased Christine, and she muttered 
something inaudible. "Christine!" said 
her mother, warningly. "I didn't say 
it, mamma," declared the culprit. "No, 
I kept the words shut up tight; but 
it's the very same kind of kitten it was 
yesterday." — Lippincott's. 



WHO, INDEED? 

An old Scottish minister took it into 
his head to marry his housekeeper. 
His precentor being ill on the day 
when the banns were to be proclaimed, 
the ministei, not caring to make the 
intimation himself, arranged with his 
herdboy to do it. 

"Now," he said, "you must call out 
in a loud voice, 'Proclamation of mar- 
riage between the Rev. Mr. Murray, of 
this parish, and Jean Lowe, o' the 
same.' Ha! ha!" laughed the minis- 
ter, as he concluded. "Wha'd hae 
thocht it?" 

The Sabbath came round and the 
congregation assembled. When the 
moment arrived the lad, who had duly 
prepared himself, rose and called out: 

"Proclamation of marriage between 
the Rev. Mr. Murray, of this parish, 
and Jean Lcwe, o' the same. Ha! ha!" 
he laughed, thinking this to be a part 
of the proclamation. "Wha'd hae 
thocht it?" 



A SOCIAL HAPPENING. 
Little Alphonso, Jr., had been care- 
fully tucked into bed, had asked for 
his last drink of water, and was about 
to dream material for new questions 
when his mother heard, as she was 
carefully and quietly folding the little 
garments in the dim light, "Mother, 
how was it I first met you?" — October 
Lippincott's. 



REG. BERKSHIRES 

ready for shipment. Will sell 
cheap. S. C. B. LEGHORN 
chickens, 65c. each; good, healthy 
well bred stock. 3 year old Reg. 
Jersey Bull at $50. Selling to pre- 
vent inbreeding. EVERGREEN 
DAIRY & STOCK FARM, W. B.V 
GATES, Propr., Rice Depot, Va. I'l 





try. 



ORCHARD HILL PURE-BRED 

POLAND CHINAS 

Two fine litters of pigs now ready for sale; 
six beautiful young sows ready to breed, and 
a fine Guernsey bull calf, one month old. 
F. M. SMITH, JR., R. F. D., No. 4, Char- 
lottesville, Va. 



Registered Poland Chinas 

1 year old Reg. P. C. SOW, bred to Reg. 
P. C. Boar. $25. 

3 mos. P. C. PIGS, eligible to registry, 
$5 each. 

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTE COCK- 
ERELS, $1 each. Fine birds. E. T. ROBIN- 
SON, Lexington, Va. 

Registered Si^lsn 

C Whites Large 

strain. All ages 
mated not akin, 
Bred sows, Service 
boars, Guernsey 

calves, Scotch Col- 
lie pups, and Poul- 
Write for prices and free circular. 
P. F. HAMILTON, 
Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 

EDGEWOOD STOCK FARM, 

has for sale a choice lot of 

REG POLAND CHINAS 

of the FINEST STRAINS, descendants of 
prize winners. GILTS, BRED SOWS and 
ready-for-service BOARS for sale cheap to 
make room for spring litters. Must be sold. 
Orders booked for spring pigs. Don't fail to 
get my prices before buying elsewhere. Cus- 
tomers in several States. Mention the South- 
ern Planter. W. B. PAYNE. Crofton, Va. 

Du roc Jerseys 

FROM REGISTERED STOCK. 
A few nice Sow Pigs of March, 1904, farrow. 
Also a nice lot of August and September. 
1904, farrow of both sexes for sale. Stock 
guaranteed as represented. Give me an order 
and I will please you. 

D. L. ROBERTSON, 
Marmaduke, Warren Co., N. C. 

Salt Pond Herd. 

DUROCJERSEYS 

Home of Paul J. 21625, Also Lulu's Pet 40434. 

Pigs of March and May farrow for sale. Write 
for what you want. 

S. A. WHITTAKER, Hoperide, Va. 

f e SDUROC PIGS*» 

Also, handsome SETTER DOG eight months 
old ; pure black ANGORA KITTENS. 

A. F. LOCKWOOD, 
Orange, Va. 



AND MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS 

AT FARMERS PRICES. 

S. M. WISECARVER, Rustburg, Va 



762 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[November, 



:-: SOME VERY FINE 



Red Polled 

Calves, entitled to registry, for sale; also a 
few very good 

Poland China Pigs 

whose breeding cannot be excelled. Only 
one SHETLAND PONY for sale now. 
ARROWHEAD STOCK FARM, SAM'L B. 
WOODS, Propr., Charlottesville, Va. 

PLEASANT VALLEY STOCK FARM 

Shorthorn 

calves from fine milking stock. 

Yorkshire Pigs 

of prolific breed. 
JAMES M. HOGE, Hamilton, Va. 

THOROUGH-BRED... 

Berkshire Boars, 
Dorset Buck Lambs, 
Jersey Bull Calves. 

All stock In best of condition and 
guaranteed as represented. 
F. T. ENGLISH, Centrevllle, Md. 



OAK-HILL FARM. 



SADDLE HORSES, JERSEY 
AND ABERDEEN ANGUS CAT- 
TLE, BERKSHIRE, POLAND 
CHINA, RED JERSEY, and TAM- 
WORTH HOGS, FOR SALE 

WHITE F-OR PRICES, 

Shipping point Oak-Hill, Va., (Station on farm) 
on D. & W. Ry. 15 miles west of Danville, Va. 
SAM'L HAIRSTON, 

Wenonda, Va. 

IN ALL THAT'S GOOD, 
OWENS OFFERS THE BEST 

The Cedars Kennels, Poultry and Stock Farm. 

Home of the most fashionable strains of 
Llewellyn Setters, Beagle Hounds, Jersey 
Cattle, Duroc Jersey and Poland China 
Swine, M. B. Turkeys and B. P. R. chickens. 
Fanciers' Stock — Farmers' Prices. 

WM. G. OWENS, Midlothian, Va. 

OAK - GROVE - STOCK - FARM 

offers for sale a num- 
ber of fine ESSEX PIGS ' 
November delivery. Also, 
some choice POLAND 
SHOATS, March, 1904,— « 
farrow. $15 per pair. " -* 
Your orders solicited. All stock as represented. 
L. Q. JONES, Tobaccoville, N. C. 

A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 




GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 

GREEN TOMATO CATSUP. 

One peck of green tomatoes boiled 
soft in a half gallon of vinegar. 
When done press through a sieve. Add 
one teacup of sugar, one-half ounce 
each of cloves, allspice, cinnamon and 
black pepper, four ounces of horserad- 
ish, one dozen silver skinned onions, 
chopped fine, one ounce of garlic, three 
pods of green pepper, boil till very 
thick. Take from the fire, add three 
pints of good vinegar. Bottle and 
cork. Dip each cork, after pressing it 
in tight, in a cement made of equal 
parts of wax and beef suet. Be care- 
ful not to break the cement and your 
catsup wil keep indefinitely. 

CORN BATTER CAKES. 

Two pints of corn meal, one pint of 
flour, three eggs beaten light, one and 
a half teaspoons of soda, one table- 
spoon of lard, one teaspoon of salt. 
Make into a thin batter with butter- 
milk. Fry on a hot griddle. 

BREAKFAST PUFFS. 

Mix one teaspoon of salt in one of 
baking powder and sift them in one 
quart of flour. Add the well-beaten 
yolks of three eggs, one tablespoon of 
butter and nearly three cups of sweet 
milk. Stir together lightly, and just 
before baking add the whites of the 
eggs, beaten stiff. Bake quickly in 
well greased patty pans or muffin 
rings. 

FRITTERS. 

Beat three eggs very light and add 
to them a heaping tablespoon of but- 
ter, a pint of flour, one level teaspoon 
of soda, dissolved in a little hot water 
and nearly a pint of buttermilk. Mix 
very smooth and drop by spoonfuls in- 
to deep boiling fat. Pry to .a light 
brown, skim out and sprinkle with 
powdered sugar and serve with wine 
sauce, or have the butter, sugar and 
wine on the table and let each person 
season to taste. 

BEEF PUDDING. 

Chop the beef and potatoes, about a 
third as much potato as beef; do not 
grind ; this makes it pasty. Put them 
into a pudding dish, a thick layer of 
the meat and then a thin one of the po- 
tatoes, then a sprinkling of bread 
crumbs, penper, salt, a little celery 
seed, and if you choose a shaving of 
onion, then meat again, and so fill the 
dish. Pour over it a gravy from boil- 
ing the bones in water. Let the top 
layer be bread crumbs, and after pour- 
ing the gravy over it put a few rings 
of hard boiled eggs and lumps of but- 
ter all about the top and bake until 
the potatoes are done. This is a good 
way to use up scraps. 

CARAMEL PIE. 

Three tablespoons of butter, three 
eggs, two cups of sugar, two table- 
spoons of flour, half a cup of milk, 
and half a nutmeg. Beat all well and 
add two cups of damson preserves. 
Bake in an open crust. If you have no 
damsons, any acid jam or jelly will do 
as well. 

SWEET POTATO CUSTARD. 

Boil the potatoes done. Peel and 



REGISTERED 

SHORTHORNS 

A few choice BULL CALVES 6 months old 
for sale at reasonable prices. Write me for 
further information. I. S. EBERLY, Glen- 
dale, Va. 

WILLOW GLEN 

Short = Horns. 

Special offering of two and three year old 
heifers with calves at side. Also nine head 
of splendid young bulls. Prices low if sold 
at once. Inspection invited. DR. D. M. 
KIPPS, Front Royal, Va. 

ELLERSLIE FARM^ 
Thoroughbred Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown Sheep 
and Berkshire Pigs. 

Fob Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 

Springwood Short-Horns 

Young stock for sale, sired by Royal Chief, 
No. 185432; he by Imported Royal Stamp, 
Champion Bull at Ohio State Fair this year. 
Spring and fall Poland China Pigs and 
shoats; sired by Coler's Perfection. I will 
sell this hog at a bargain. Call on or writ* 
WM. T. THRASHER, Springwood, Va. 

COOK'SCREEK HERD 

SCOTCH -TOPPED 
SHORTHORNS . . . 

Herd Headed by Governor 
Tyler, 15864M, 1st prize aged bull at Kadford Fair, 
Young Bulls and heifers for sale. Inspection 
and correspondence Invited. 
MEATWOLE & SUTER, Dale Enterprise, Va. 




RED POLL BULL, 

5 years old, Registered, for sale. Price, |100; 
also Reg. POLAND CHINA BOAR, 1 year 
old. Price, $25. Address G. F. COX, 1300 E. 
Main street, Richmond, Va. 

I WILL TRADE FOUR PURE-BRED 

POLLED DURHAM BULLS 

(double standard) for a team of Matched Car- 
riage Horses. Address FIELD, 
Box 656, Knoxville, Tenn. 

"Feeds and Feeding' 

Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
Farmers and Stockmen. 



Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.25 

Mention The Southern Planter In 
writing. 



1904.1 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



763 



Elkton Stock Farm, 

LOCATED ON NORFOLK & WESTERN R. R. 

12 Miles W. of Lynchburg. 

Breeders of Pure 8red, Registered 

HEREFORD CATTLE 

BERKSHIRE HOGS. 

Young stock for sale at all times, at reas- 
onable prices. 
All statements and representation s guar- 
anteed. 

LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE. 

FOREST DEPOT, VIRGINIA. 



Aberdeen- Angus 
Bull Calves £• «* 



Born as follows: Dec. 15, 1903; Jan. 36, 
1904; May 15, 1904; June 2, 1904; Aug. 11, 
1904. Calves will be kept with their dams 
until 9 mos. old. None sold younger, and 
NOT SOLD AT ALL AS BULLS, unless they 
turn out good specimens of the breed. 

I shall also be ready to part with my 
herd bull, "ROCKBRIDGE ABACTOR," 
40364, Nov. 1st. He will be 5 years ola Dec. 
2, 1904. 

The two calves first mentioned are pura 
bred and very promising youngsters, but out 
of unrecorded dams; the three laat are reg- 
istered. I am willinK to exchange ■ KOCK- 
BK1DGE AKACT< >R" or any f the above calves 
for a suitable herd bull noc less than idmiis. "Id. 
R. F. DAY, Glasgow, Va. 



v.-eigh. To one pound of potatoes add 
a cup and a half of butter, two cups 
of sugar, the yolks of six eggs, heaten 
light, a half cup of milk. Beat all 
well and add the whites beaten to a 
froth. Mix, season with fresh lemon, 
and bake in pudding dish or in pastry. 

MOLASSES PIE. 

Two cups of molasses, five eggs beat- 
en separately, one and a half cups of 
brown sugar. One large spoon of 
melted butter, half a nutmeg, and a 
tablespoon of flour. Beat all well to- 
gether, and bake on rich pastry. 

GINGEE COOKIES. 

One cup of butter, one cup of sugar, 
one cup of molasses, two even tea- 
spoons of soda, one tablespoon of 
ground ginger, a teaspoon of cinna- 
mon, two eggs, enough flour to make 
a soft dough. Roll thin and bake 
quickly. Dissolve the soda in warm 
water. 

APPLE FLOAT. 

Select large firm apples and put 
them into a new tin pan with a little 
water in it. Bake them thoroughly 
done, then let them cool, and with a 
spoon scrape out all the pulp, being 
careful not to let any of the core get 
in; sweeten and season this pulp, then 
add to each quart the well beaten 
whites of four eggs. Serve at once 
with cream seasoned with vanilla. 



WALNUT TEA CAKE. 

i \]f I T£ HCDrfc Dill I ^ ne cl, P °^ butter creamed with 

AlNUUo ICKU DULL three cups of sugar, five cups of flour, 

five eggs beaten light, one teaspoon of 
soda, two teaspoons of cream tartar, 
milk enough to make a stiff dough; it 
will take very little. Roll thin and 
cut into squares. Bake in a quick 
even. Boil two cups of granulated su- 
gar till it threads from the spoon; 
have ready beaten very light the 
whites of three eggs. Pour the sugar 
over them very slowly, stirring all the 
time and adding a cup of chopped wal- 
nut meats. Ice each little cake with 
this and set it aside to dry. 



FOR SALE 

To prevent Inbreeding, we offer our herd 
bull. PAGAN, 26418; sire BARONET NOSE- 
GAY, 13S69; dam, PRINCESS ERICA OF 
LINN, 10369. Pagan is 7 years old, weight, 
2,000 pounds, vigorous, active, perfectly bro- 
ken, an excellent sire. Address ROSE DALE 
STOCK FARM, Jeffersonton, Va. 

MONTEBELLO HERD 

ABERDEEN=ANQUS 
CATTLE. 



FOR RALE— Registered Bull calves 
from 3 months ol , up. 

L. H. GRAY, Orange, Va. 

To reduce my herd of 

JERSEYS 

I will sell 4 or 5 first class family cows, 
now in calf, at very low prices; also 2 Reg. 

BULL CALVES, 

4 to 6 mos. old. One is a son of RIOTA'S 
PRIMA DONNA, tested 17"/ 2 lbs. butter in 7 
days; the other, a son of LADY MADELINE, 
who gave 200 lbs. more milk per month than 
her own weight. Price, $50 each; also 10 

JERSEY HEIFERS, 

from 6 to 15 mos. old. from my very best 
cows, and no better in Virginia, for $30 each. 
These cattle are In fine condition, kindly 
handled, and will make valuable animals. 
A. R. VENABLE, JR., Manager, Farmville, 
Va. 

25 REGISTERED 

HOLSTEIN and GRADE 

Milk Cows for sale. Most ef them to calra 
this fall. H. W. MANSON, Crewe, Va. 



PUMPKIN PIE. 

Cook a yellow pumpkin thoroughly; 
mash and press through a sifter. To 
four cups of pumpkin, add four cups of 
milk, a teacup of butter, three cups of 
sugar, four teaspoons of cinamon, two 
of singer, one of grated nutmeg, and a 
half teaspoon of cloves, eight well 
beaten eggs. Mix all these ingredients 
together and bake in a rich crust. 
Serve cold. Caeaven. 



Mr. Brown's little daughter, aged 
ten, accidentally swallowed a nickel. 
He sent his little son, aged six, in 
great haste for the doctor. 

The child soon returned with the 
doctor and also the minister. His 
father met them at the gate, and, 
sending the men into the house, he 
kept nis son outside and asked him 
why he had brought the minister. 

"Papa," answered the little boy, "I 
heard you tell mamma, last Sunday at 
dinner, that this minister could beat 
any man you ever saw for getting 
money out of people." 




| The very best breed of beef cattle 

J for the South is the HEREFORD. 1 

I am convincing scores of farmers of 

I this fact, as evidenced by my sales. 

| When a purchaser sees for himself 

S what these cattle are doing, I don't 

? have to argue any longer. When he 

I sees a HEREFORD keep in better 

condition than the scrub in the 

same pasture with him, or lay on 

more fat on the same or less feed, 

or sees a grade HEREFORD CALF 

sell for $10 or $15 at 6 weeks, or go 

to the slaughter-house at 20 months 

weighing 1,200 to 1,500 pounds, is it 

any wonder that he is convinced of 




the superiority of the breed? There 
are lots of farmers and stockmen to 
be convinced yet. I believe if in- 
terested parties would come (and 
this is a special invitation to come) 
and inspect the CASTALIA HERD, 
half of the task would be accom- 
plished. I will meet any one if 
notified. To those who cannot 
come, I will say that if you will 
write me your wants, I will give 
you the benefit of my best judgment 
in making a selection. I am sure to 
have something — BULL, COW, or 
HEIFER — which will suit your 
fancy, and purse also. 



MURRAY B00C0CK, 

" Castalia," 

KESWICK, ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VA. 



764 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



TRAINING FOR YOUNG FARMERS. 

The popular course for young farm- 
ers in the North Carolina A. & M. Col- 
lege, Raleigh, N. C, known as the 
Short course in dairying and agricul- 
ture, opens this year January 4, 1905, 
and continues for ten weeks, closing 
March 10, 1905. 

On account of many improvements 
in the line of work introduced, the 
work will be for more interesting and 
important than before. A new course 
in Farm engineering that will be given 
in connection with the other studies 
will add much to the importance of 
the work. This study will embrace 
rural architecture, and farm machin- 
ery, and special stress will be placed 
upon designing barns, houses, silos, 
etc. 

Another course that will be added is 
that of Farm Management, which will 
include a discussion of the manage- 
ment of the farm in various details. 

A third uew course that will be of- 
fered will be the Cotton course, which 
will include cotton growing, judging, 
breeding, and soil management in all 
of its phases. It is believed that the 
cotton course will be especially im- 
portant to the young farmers in our 
State, and it should receive the attend- 
ance of every young cotton farmer who 
can get away from home during the 
winter months. 

No entrance examination is required 
in these winter courses, and no tuition 
is charged at all. Practical courses 
are hereby open to all who desire to 
better themselves in the various lines 
of agriculture. The total cost for ten 
weeks, including board, room, light and 
fuel, etc.. is but $30. Young men con- 
templating attending should send in 
their application at once to C. W. Burk- 
ett. Professor of Agriculture. West Ra- 
leigh. N. C, as all students are regis- 
tered in advance of the opening date. 



DIDN'T KNOW BEANS. 

Senator Hoar relates with much glee 
tlif- i onversation that recently took 
place between two Southerners, the 
first of whom had but lately returned 
from a trip through New England. 
Said the first man from Dixie to his 
friend: 

"You know those little, white, round 
beans?" 

"Yes," replied the friend, "the kind 
we feed to our horses?" 

"The very same. Well, do you know, 
sir, that in Boston the enlightened 
citizens take those little, white, round 
beans, boil them for three or four 
hours, mix with them molasses and I 
know not what other ingredients, bake 
them, and then — what do you suppose 
they then do with the beans?" 

"They—" 

"They eat 'em, sir!" interrupted the 
first Southerner, impressively. "Bless 
me, sir. they eat 'em!" — Edwin Tar- 
risse. in October Lippincott's. 



Pulverizing Harrow 

* Clod Crusher and leveler. 

The best pulverizer — cheapest Riding Harrow 
on earth. We also make walking ACMES; 
The Acme crushes, cuts, pulverizes, turns 
and levels all soils for all purposes. Made 
entirely of cast steel and 
wrought iron — indestructible. 

Sent est Trial 



To be returned at my ex- 
pense if not satisfactory. 
Catalogue and Booklet 
"An Idea! Harrow" 
by Henry Stewart, 
mailed free. 
I deliver f.o.b. at New York, Chicago, Columbus, Louisville, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Portland, etc. 

DUANE H. NASH, Sole Manufacturer, Millington, New Jersey. 

Branch Houses: 1 1 Washington St., Chicago. 240 7th Ave. So., Minneapolis. 1316 W. 8th St., Kansas City, 
PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER 




10 Registered Jersey Heifers 

Due to calve this fall and winter. 

Several Registered HEIFER CALVES, four months old, at 
$25 each, if taken this month, and a few BULL CALVES at 
farmers' prices. 

Also several GUERNSEY BULL CALVES, BERKSHIRE 
BOARS, SOWS and PIGS. 

Two grand guard Dogs (Danes) , 6 months old, at $20 each. 

IV!. B. ROWE & CO., Fredericksburg, Va. 



URY STOCK FARM HERD OF 

HOLSTEIN - FRIES. ANS 

DE KOL 2D BUTTER BOY 3D No. 2 hends our herd: his breeding and Individual 
excellence are second to none. A few COWS, YOUNG BULLS and HEIFERS from our 
best cows, for sale. All the leading families represented. 

ENGLISH BERKSHIRE pigs by such Boars as MANOR FAITHFUL, Imp.; wt. 1100 
lbs.; FANCY DUKE, a double grandson of LOYAL BERKS; ESAU PRINCESS OF FIL- 
STON, by ESAU, Imp. THOS. FASSITT & SONS, Sylmar, Md. 



Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Hae for sale a large num- 
ber of nice voung regis- 
tered A. J. C. C. 



Mention The Southern Planter in 
writing. 



JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 




None better bred In the South. Combining 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood 
In America. Bulls 4 to 6 months old, $25: 
Heifers, same age, $35. POLAND CHINA 
PIGS, fb each. Send check and get what 
you want. 

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop., Battleboro. N. C. 



THE WOODSIDE HERD 

rOR SAI.F.; 2 grandly •■-- 1 — ■ 

JERSEY BULLS, 

1 year ol«l For prices am] descrip- 
tion, address, 

DAVID ROBfcRTS, Hoorestown, N.J. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



COTTAGE VALLEY STOCK FARM. 

FINE STOCK 

FOR SALE LOW 



7-8 and 15-16 GRADE ANGUS BULLS and 
HEIFERS from 6 months to 2 years old. One 
Bull Calf, half Angus and half Short-Horn. 
Fine family Milk Cows fresh, young and 
gentle. One pair splendid 1,200-pound Bay 
Mares 6 years old, first-class all-round farm 
teams, and very good roadsters. One fine 
SADDLE MARE, 4 years old, very handsome 
and stylish, every gait, Hackney and Ham- 
bletonian. One beautiful DRIVING MARE, 
coming 4 years old, three-fourths Hackney, 
one-fourth Hambletonian. These Mares are 
well bred and nice enough for any one. 
Pure-bred Poland-China Pigs at $5 each. 
Pure-bred Llewellyn Setter Pups, $5 each. 
Silver-Laced Wyandotte Cockerels and Pul- 
lets at $1 each. 

W. M. WATKINS & SONS, Saxe, Va 



1904. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 766 



GUERNSEYS 



The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS, Esq. 

LARGE HERD OF FASHIONABLY BRED REG- 
ISTERED ANIMALS, INCLUDING COWS IN THE 
ADVANCED REGISTRY. HERD HEADED BY THE 
BRILLIANTLY BRED IMPORTED BULL, 

TOP NOTCH No. 9023. 

The Dam of this Bull, Imported ITCHEN BEDA, took 1st prize at the "Park 
Royal" Show in England in 1902, and her daughter ITCHEN BEDA II, took the 
same honors in 1904: further, Imported TOP NOTCH'S Dam, ITCHEN BEDA, en- 
tered the official advanced Registry of the American Guernsey Cattle Club this year 
with a record FOR THE YEAR of 10642.10 lbs. of milk; 548.70 lbs. of butter fat, 
equivalent to 640.15 lbs. of butter. 

The Pedigree of Imported TOP NOTCH, with some of the achievements and 
prizes won in the direct line of his ancestry, are given below : 

TOP NOTCH, 9023, bred by Sir Henry Tichborne, of England, was sired by Rival, 1343 B, and is out of imp. Itchen Beda, 
15627. His father, Rival, by Rival of Mont March, 1164, P. S., out of Clatford Gentle, 4746, E. (first prize English Royal, 
B. & W. E. and Royal C, 1900). His mother, Itchen Beda, 15627 (see record above); she by Loyal of Hunguets, 978, P. S. 
(first prive, 1896, second prize, 1898) ; sire of Itchen Lady, Hayes Lily du Preel. His extended pedigree is impossible in this 
space, but will be furnished if desired. It goes back to winners of the Queen's prizes, as well as to members of her late 
Majesty's Prize Herd. 



MORVEN PARK is situated in Loudoun County, Virginia, and because of its 
climate and soil is peculiarly adapted to the production of the highest class of animal 
life, and particularly to supply the needs of Southern breeders of pedigreed cattle. 

REGISTERED and TUBERCULIN TESTED animals for sale, including a fine 
lot of BULL CALVES at reasonable prices. 

For further particulars, Address 

LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, MORVENlPARK, 

LEESBURG, LOUDOUN CO., VA. 



766 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



NOTES FROM THE WEST. 

Billings. Mont., October 10, 1904. 

Billings lies in the heart of the fa- 
mous Yellowstone Valley, a land of 
sheep and cattle, and great fields of 
grain and alfalfa to feed them, and of 
potatoes and fruit, and, in fact, almost 
everything that will grow in a tem- 
perate zone. Yellowstone farming by 
irrigation is young, but Billings as- 
pires to be the centre of a potato 
world as famous as Greeley, of apple 
raising as noted as northern New York, 
of muskmelon, growing as well known 
as Rocky Ford, and of beet sugar 
making as prosperous as Sugar City 
or Oxnard. It has the climate — the 
long days of sunshine — it has the rich 
soil, and keystone to the whole, it has 
the waters of the Yellowstone river. 

Billings has seen a wonderful trans- 
formation in the Yellowstone Valley. 
First, it was simply a cattle pasture, 
where it took thirty acres to support a 
steer. Then gradually came the big 
fields of alfalfa, after the first irriga- 
tion canal was built, now we find di- 
versified farming, and the division of 
the larger tracts into smaller farms 
with diversified crops. I enjoyed a 
dinner with the family of my old 
friend, I. D. O'Donnell, well known 
throughout Montana as "Old Alfalfa," 
and with the exception of the coffee 
and the sugar and the salt everything 
upon the table was raised upon his 
own farm, and it was a bountiful re- 
past. Of course, this is not such a 
strange thing to find among Eastern 
farmers, but it is a bit unusual in a 
new country, where the first develop- 
ment of agriculture has been the cat- 
tle ranch, and where the condensed 
milk can and the canning factories 
have found all too ready a market, for 
the agricultural good of the country. 
And while I am speaking of Mr. O'Don- 
nell's farm and garden, I will say that 
there are too few ample and abundant 
gardens, thoughtfully laid out and 
planted and well tilled, even in the 
East. The really ideal farm garden, 
furnishing not only a wholesome and 
luxurious table all the growing season, 
but dried and home-canned products 
for all the winter, is the exception 
rather than the rule, even in the good 
farming sections in the East. We are 
not thinking too much of our stomachs 
and our animal desires when we make 
the best garden possible. Many a 
kitchen garden which is to, or at least 
should, furnish most of the motive 
power to carry on the work of the 
farm, is the product of odd times, be- 
tween the planting of the "money" 
crops. Money crops for what? To 
buy, in considerable measure, things 
unnecessary or which could better be 
raised on the farm. The farmer who 
plans broad and deep to get every par- 
ticle of his living possible from the 
soil by his labor has a wisdom from 
which many of our people have de- 
parted. How many things do we buy 
regularly, because they are cheap, 
which we could either do without very 




KILLS PAIN 
aUlGKERTHAN 

ANYfHING 
IN THE WORLD 

SLOANS LINIMENT 

iiiwii^iiiiii 



Ib§ Gro ve Sto ck Farm 

I OFFER AT RIGHT PRICES THE FOLLOWING STOCK : 
One yearling HOLSTEIIM-FRIESI AN BULL, 

Seven BULL CALVES (same breed), 2 to 6 months old 
(These calves are from heavy milkers), 

Six BERKSHIRE SOWS (1 year old), 

Ten BERKSHIRE SOWS (5 months old). 

All of the above will be registered and transferred to the buyer. 



N. & W and Southern Railways. 



T. O. SANDY, Burkeville, Va, 



Our spring pigs have all been sold and we are now booking orders for 

PALL PIC3rS 

for November and December delivery. The great display of 
Large Yorkshires at the recent Live Stock Show at the World's 
Fair, shows the growing popularity of this profitable bacon breed. 

^^ Jersey Bulls and Heifers, 

from our high testing herd. 

BOWMONT FA RMS. Salem, Va. 

If so, list it with us. No sale, no charge. 
Largest list of farms for sale in Virginia. 
=======^^==^==:== Write for Free Catalogue. 

R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., unci Richmond, Virginia. 



IS YOUR FARM FOR SALE? 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



767 



YAGER'S 

CREAM CHLOROFORM^ 

LINIMENT 

Is a never failing Pain Remover; it is 
& standard and reliable home remedy, 
always ready to kill pain from any 
cause; it is to be found in every up- 
to-date stable or barn, as it is recog- 
nized as the best of liniments for 
stable use. It is truly a LINIMENT 
FOR MAN OR BEAST, and should be 
a part of every farmer's outfit — in 
fact, he cannot well afford to be with- 
out it. 



Mr. HENRY MYERS, of Bridgeport, 
Conn., says: 

"I have used YAGER'S LINIMENT 
for two years; it is the only thing that 
gives me relief in my back." 

Mrs. A. H. MCLAUGHLIN, of Peters- 
burg, Va., writes: 

"I can speak in highest praise of 
YAGER'S LINIMENT. I suffered 
greatly with a severe pain in my back. 
Yager's Liniment cured it. For many 
nights I could not sleep from a sprain- 
ed wrist; Yager's Liniment cured it. 
I had something like a wen on my 
left shoulder that worried me con- 
siderably; I bathed it several times 
with Yager's Liniment and in less than 
a week it was gone." 

Mr. W. M. STUBBS, of Plymouth, 
N. C, writes: 

"I have recently used YAGER'S 
LINIMENT for a mashed foot; it 
acted like a charm, and I believe it to 
be the best external remedy on the 
market." 

Mr. DAVID BRADLEY, of Wilscot, 
Ga., writes: 

"I have suffered for a long while 
with rheumatism, and YAGER'S LINI- 
MENT gave me so much relief that I 
never want to be without it." 

Mr. ISHAM TRICE, of Chapel Hill, 
N. C, says: 

"I must write a few lines of grati- 
tude for Yager's Liniment. Recently 
I wrenched my shoulder severely and 
went to the drug store for something 
to relieve it, and a large bottle of 
YAGER'S LINIMENT was offered me 
for 25c. I was tempted to refuse it; 
could not believe it was any good, but 
since using it I must say it gave me 
quicker relief than I could believe was 
in it." 



YAGER'S LINIMENT is put up in a 
large bottle, as is shown by the cut of 
the package, but it is as good as it is 
big, and at 25c. per bottle is within 
) reach of everybody— and everybody 
uses it in preference to any other Lini- 
ment because there is none other so 
good YAGER'S LINIMENT is sure; 
it NEVER FAILS to relieve pain — 
try it 



M 

m 

1-9 

02 

M 

B 
H 

a 




pK-l 



oo 



01 



09 

n 
< 

Eh 
03 

< 
H 

H 

rt 

o 

a 

o 

h 

EXACT SIZE OF BOTTLE. 

T-A.ICE3 1TO SUBSTITUTE. 



IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES REQUIRING 
m AN EFFICACIOUS EXTERNAL REMEDY.*==^ 








Prepared Only BY«r-5s=' . 

G11B E RT BROB>'& G5 

^SOLE RROPRiF.TOHS;«=. 

BALTIMORE, /n.D. 

U.S.A. 



GO 



768 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



well or which we could make better at 
heme. We may buy tomatoes and 
canned corn and canned lima beans 
and jellies and preserves and thus 
support several classes of merchants 
and jobbers by the profits made, but 
what do we get to eat? The poorest, 
unripe vegetables, colored and sweet- 
ened with hurtful chemicals, and 
fruits, so-called, made from glucose 
and colored and sweetened with coal 
tar. The American people somehow 
seem to have gotten rooted in the be- 
lief that to live they must trade their 
labor for money, and then go with 
that money in their hands and trade 
it again for something to eat and to 
wear, instead of producing these 
things themselves. 



The fake creamery promoter is re- 
ported abroad. It is well to cast the 
eye of suspicion upon his kind, for he 
is always a smooth one. His business 
is to organize a co-operative creamery 
company among farmers surrounding 
a town and sell the organization a 
$2,000 outfit for about $4,000. A busi- 
ness-like individual apears in the town 
where it is proposed to victimize the 
farmers, takes rooms at the best hotel, 
and begins to talk "creamery." He is 
always supplied with the most con- 
vincing statistics of what he has ac- 
complished in this line elsewhere, 
either counterfeit or gathered from 
localities peculiarly adapted to the 
business. In two weeks a meeting is 
called by influential farmers, and the 
plot from this point moves rapidly to 
completion. The promoter receives 
hismoney and moves quickly on to new 
fields and the farmers hold the sack. 



While I stopped at Billings, George 
H. Maxwell, the executive chairman of 
The National Irrigation Association, 
addressed a meeting of the people, at 
which he unfolded a plan for putting 
people onto land, which, if it can be 
worked out. will become one of the 
most important sociological movements 
of the times. He suggested that if the 
people of Billings would take it up 
and co-operate, he would undertake to 
secure subscriptions sufficient to estab- 
lish at the outskirts of the town an 
acre farm colony, where 160 acres 
could be secured, with a good irriga- 
tion supply, and divided up into one 
acre tracts, and provided with compe- 
tent farm instructors, so that men in 
the eastern centres who have saved a 
little money and wanted to get a little 
country home, could come out and stay 
or. one of those acres for a year or 
two and be taught how to farm and to 
irrigate. Then they would feel confi- 
dence in looking about and buying a 
five or ten acre farm and making ihMr 
home upon it. He stated that there 
are thousands and hundreds of thou- 
sands of such men in the Rastern 
towns and cities who are anxious to 
get such small farms where they can 
make their homes, but that their train- 
ing has been all their lives away from 
mothe' earth, and they are afraid to 



&BT 



A 



'.'>- j+ 






\ 



The name — on a rifle or shotgun — that guarantees perfection in accuracy, 
|. reliability and safety. It would require many columns of this publication to 
tell all about "Stevens" famous guns. We want you to know about them, 
and we make it worth your while to learn about them. 

AIRR VnfIT* f\tPW1fWtt If you will send us your name and address, enclosing 
r 'JH FHeE fij^FF^ tvk ° 2 - cent stamps to cover postage, we will send 
vtwia ■ UUSolfa VI I t»u» you our great Dook f outdoor sports, containing 
140 pages of interesting and useful information on hunting, camping and wood 
craft, the proper care of a firearm, notes on sights and ammunition, as well as 
full descriptions of the famous "Stevens" Guns— the book every lover of out- 
door life snould have. Our clever Rifle Puzzle sent free, postpaid. 

J. STEVENS ARMS AMD TOOL CO., 380 Pine Street, Chicopee Falls, Mass., U.S. A. 



Large English Berkshires. 

BOARS ready for service. 
Pigs ready to ship. Bred Gilts. 

Forest Home Farm, 

Pvircellville, Va , 

THE. - OAKS - STOCK. - FARM. 

A. W. HARMAN, Jr., Treasurer State of 
Virginia, Prop. Richmond, Va. 

We breed and ship the FINEST STRAINS of 

La^ ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 

for less money than any firm In the South, qual- 
ity considered. Every pig shipped possesses 
ludlvldual merit Pedigree furnished with all 
stock. Kill or sell your t-crubs and buy hogs 
that will pay. For pricesand description, address 
ALEX. HARMAN, Mgr.,Lexlntfon, Va. 

25 Tons of CHoice Timothy Hay For Sale. 





GLENBURN 
FARM 



BERKSHIRES 



This herd Is composed of four royally bred, 
Imported sows, and an imported boar from 
the celebrated herds of Mr. Flicker and Mr. 
Hudson, England, and selected American 
bred animals from Biltmore and other noted 
herds. Dr. J. D. KIRK, Importer and 
Breeder, Roanoke, Va. 



1904. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



769 



take the plunge. This plan would open 
the door of opportunity to them. The 
working out of this plan, Mr. Maxwell 
said, would furnish a supply of ideal 
colonists for any new country, and it 
would at the same time tend to relieA'e 
the congested centres in the East. If 
the outcome of a single such rural in- 
struction colony should prove success- 
ful, he beleived that every Western 
eertre with new and undeveloped trib- 
utary country would adopt the plan, 
for it would bring them in tenfold re- 
turns, both indirectly and directly. 
That it was not a chimera of his brain, 
he stated that one of the Southern 
transcontinental railroads had already 
started the system in Arizona, in the 
irrigated Salt River Valley, and was 
now dividing up a 160 acre tract into 
acre farm gardens and had engaged 
one of the best farmers in Arizona as 
an instructor. 



The editor of the American Agricul- 
turist, who has been travelling around 
the country to note economic condi- 
tions, says that the American farmers 
will receive more money for their pro- 
ducts in 1904 than in any previous 
year, and that "the relative decrease 
in price of many manufactures the 
farmer has to buy, and the high range 
of values of what he has to sell, will 
make 1904 the most profitable one in 
the history of American agriculture. 
The editor is of the opinion that the 
agricultural vote will elect the next 
President. 



The prediction of Senators and Rep- 
resentatives, who may be presumed to 
know their own people, that the States 
of the middle and prairie West are 
going to give heavy pluralities for the 
Republican ticket, are bottomed on the 
conspicuous fact of the unparalleled 
and continuing prosperity of the agri- 
cultural classes. 



The muck pit should be drawn upon 
sparingly unless cheap lime is at hand. 
Muck often contains iron pyrites, 
which, when exposed to air, oxidizes to 
iron sulphate or copperas. The sour- 
ness of muck or peat is often due to 
this. Free sulphuric acid may form in 
such Cases, especially in the presence 
of decaying organic matters. The in- 
jurious action of muck on plants is 
often due to these cause rather than 
to any peculiarity of their nitrogen. 
Thorough composting with lime is a 
remedy for these conditions. 

Gut E. Mitchell. 



"Remember this," said the primary 
school teacher, "a plural subject takes 
a plural verb — a girl is, a boy is: girls 
are, boys are. Now, do you under- 
stand?" Every hand was raised in as- 
sent. "Well, then, who will give a 
sentence with girls in the plural?" 
This time only one little girl: "I can 
give a sentence. 'Girls, are my hat on 
straight?' " 



7Mdt,A0tMJwtM,£aJt-ei7(fot 




is the general opinion formed 
by those who use the celebrated 

LEHMAN 
Carriage and Sleigh 

HEATERS. 

They are the original, having 
been on the market for 20 years, 
and are known as the Standard. 

£@"250,000 of our Heaters are in 
use. They are universally known 
to be the STANDARD, and ar» 
used by horsemen, physicians, 
farmers, etc., everywhere. 

They burn Lehman Coal, which 
gives no smoke nor smell, and 
from which there is no danger 
whatever. It costs only 2 cents 
per day to heat them. Be sure 
you get the LEHMAN if you want 
the BEST. Beware of imitations. 
Our heaters and coal are sold by 
leading dealers everywhere. 

Send for our illustrated book- 
let, and mention this paper. 
LEHMAN BROS, Mfrs., 

10 Bond St., New York. 
J. W. ERRINGER, 
General Western Sales Agent, 

45 E. Congress St., Chicago, I1L 



BERKSHIRES! at ^ BERKSHIRES! 

The following up-to-date atockmen thlnkmy ROYAL. BERKSHIRES the finest the 
world can show. I could print thousands of the same opinion, but I take only one from 
each State: 

P. H. Rudd. Mariners Harbor, N. T.; Col. 
P. C. Goldborough, Easton, Md.; J. M. Ven- 
able, Farmvllle, Va. ; Edgar Long, Graham, 
N. C; John C. McAfee, Chester, S. O.J 
Dr. S. W. Pain, Dandrldge, Tenn.; President 
Bowdrie Phinizy, Augusta, Ga.; R. C. Mc- 
Klnney, Basslnger, Pla. ; General Thos. T. 
Munford, Unlontown, Ala.; W. W. Cornelius, 
Blue Springs, Miss.; J. M. Gann, Varnada, 
La.; B. P. Van Horn, Toyah, Texas; D. C. 
Lester, Hatfield, Ark. 

Take no risk; confer with these people, 
and order direct from the veteran breeder. 

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, Lexington, Virginia. 

five car loads bright Timothy Hay for sale, cheap. 




BLUE-BLOODED BERKSHIRES. 

The grand brood sows GEORGIA'S HIGHCLERE, No. 66136, and CARAMEL, No. 
64085, have farrowed; these pigs were sired by the great boar, COLUMBIA, No. 60627. 
CARAMEL 2D. No. 75516, has farrowed a litter by a son of the celebrated boar, MANOR 
FAVORITE. The above were all large litters of very fine pigs. 

The head of this herd is COLUMBIA, No. 60527, an imported son of the celebrated 
FIRST CATCH E., and he is practically a full brother to the sire of the celebrated 
Manor Favorite. Columbia, we think, is one of the best boars in the United States. 

Georgia's Highclere is a grand sow, and would be very hard to beat if in show ring 
condition; she is of the best Highclere breeding; Caramel is an imported granddaughter 
of the celebrated Loyal Berks. She is an extra fine brood sow; Caramel 2d was import- 
ed in her dam. She has 37% per cent, of the blood of Loyal Berks. 

Here is the place to get the blood of the most fashionably bred Berkshire families — 
viz., the Highcleres, First Catch F., Loyal Berks and Manor Favorite. For further in- 
formation aDd prices address A. H. HODGSON, Athens, Ga., or F. M. HODGSON, 
West End, Va. 



We positively guarantee to breed 
and ship the VERY BEST strains of 
thoroughbred registered LARGE 
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE 

Hogs for LESS MONEY than any other 
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our 
stock considered. Send us your order 
and we will satisfy you both in price 
and Stock. WALTER B. FLEMING, 

Proprietor oi the Bridle Creek Stock Farm, Warreaton, 




N. C. 



770 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



[November, 



ANTE-NATAL INFLUENCES. 

MABY WASHINGTON. 

A woman's responsibility as a mo- 
ther antedates even the moment when 
her newborn infant draws its first 
breath, or gives its first cry that 
sounds so thrilling to a mother's heart. 
It dates back to the first embryonic de- 
velopment of the child that is to be. 
It is a solemn — nay, a fearful thought 
how largely a child's whole future 
character and career will be influenced 
bv the mental and physical condition 
of the mother during the period of 
gestation by her predominant state of 
feeling, by the thoughts she thinks and 
dwells upon most, by the books she 
reads, the pursuits she follows, the 
persons she associates with most inti- 
mately — in short, by all the elements 
that enter into her mental and physi- 
cal environment. The mother's state, 
both of mind and body, leave their im- 
press on the child in the womb, and 
therefore even before the little creature 
has come forth into actual existence 
the expectant mother has a wide scope 
for maternal care and tenderness, in- 
asmuch as she can strongly influence 
the moulding of the embryonic brain 
and the whole being of the child, both 
mental and physical. What holier and 
more important task could a woman 
set for herself than to strive wtih es- 
pecial diligence during these nine mo- 
mentous months to keep her heart in 
"tune with heaven," to accentuate all 
good and pure affections, and to strive 
after a bright, cheerful, serene frame 
of mind, the true Christian optimism. 
If such a frame of mind could be pre- 
dominant with her, she would be as- 
sisting largely in laying up real treas- 
ures for the child to come. A woman 
ought, if practicable, to carry on some 
improving, refining and interesting 
pursuit at this time, good reading or 
music, drawing, or painting, if she has 
any turn for such things, and, if not, 
even to be in their atmosphere will 
be some advantage. The reason the 
old Greeks were such a beautiful race 
was because beautiful objects of art as 
well as handsome and symmetrical hu- 
man beings met the eye at every turn, 
and the impressions from these were 
stamped on the unborn infants, and 
besides the latter inherited their beau- 
ty from many generations of comely 
ancestors. 

A woman should also strive to pro- 
vide for the physical well-being of her 
unborn infant bv observing carefully 
the laws of health in her own case. 
Slip should be careful about her diet, 
eating only the most wholesome and 
nourishing food she can obtain. She 
should have a plenty of fresh air and 
exercise, and she should take, at least, 
moderate exercise. Inertia during 
pregnancy (unless necessitated by phy- 
sical disabilities), is very bad for both 
the woman and child. It is mistaken 
kindness for the woman's friends to 
wait on her too much and encourage 
her to be Indolent. It is better for 
her to exert herself moderately to the 
Terr last stages. She should walk 



FREE! FREE! 



<<i 



HOGOLOGY" 

Latest Revised Edition. 



xj>Mm*9$A 



REFERENCE-ANY BANK 
O.R.M't-PC«NT'ILE,AQ£NCY: 



There is nothing so cheap as something valu- ,^§ 

able, that is yours for the asking, and that will 

make and save you hundreds of dollars in time'. trade mark 

YOU WILL MAKE NO MISTAKE in getting a copy of "Hogology" at once and fol- 
lowing the advice given therein. It will be eent FREE if you mention Southern 
Planter when asking for it. 

AAA r* #»»#■! if tllis * s not tlle best nog bo °k out - It was the first book 

Kp\A/3[[j of the kind ever issued for gratuitous distribution, the 
, www iiuiiuiu first edition having issued more than 20 years ago, and it 
is the only book of the kind devoted exclusively to the hog, and written by a veteri- 
nary and swine specialist. The last edition is just from the printer, and is down to 
date, practical and profitable hog-raising as found in an experience of more than 30 
years. 

I PAY FOR ALL HOGS THAT DIE 

when my Remedy is fed as a preventive. Full particulars regarding this insurance 
proposition in "Hogology." It is the oldest hog remedy on the market, as well as the 
most successful, and is used by thousands of the leading breeders and feeders through- 
out the hog-raising world. 

Twenty-five pound can, $12.50; 12% lb. can, $6.50, prepaid. Packages, $2.50, $1.25 
and 50 cents. NoDe genuine without my signature on package or can label. 

JOS. HAAS. V. S., Indianapolis. Ind. 



aEssgcsssssssssss^ass^nssssssss ss s^gag^ss *• s »~ s s s g s 




CHINAS. 




GRAY'S BIO CHIEF, 57077. 



I have a limited number of Pigs by 
my fine Boars, Gray's Big Chief, 57077, 
and Victor G, 57075, and can furnish pairs not akin or related to those previously 
purchased. Young Boars and Sows of all ages. Send to headquarters and get the 
best from the oldest and largest herd of Poland-Chinas in this State at one-half 
Western prices Address J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va. 



50 



POLAND-CHINA 
AND TAMWORTH 

pigs, 3 and 4 months old, eligible to registration $6.50 will 
buy the best of them. The first orders will get the pick of the lot. 
A few nice boars ready for service, also for sale. 

J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Orange Co., Va. 




POLAN P CHINAS 

I hare now for sale a choice lot of pigs, boars 
ready for service, ane bred sows. Every hog or 
pig in this offering ia either registered or eligible 
to registry aDd most of them are closely related to 
su;h hogs or Ideal Sunshine, Great Chief Tecum- 
seh, Royal Racket and Anderson's Model. All 
stock guaranteed as represented or may be re- 
turned at my exnense. Also a few Short Horn 
Calves. Farmers prices. 

J. P. DMRRETTE, Blrdwood, »'b unrle "o , v a 



Belgian Hares, Homer Pigeons, 

AND— 

Poland China & Berkshire Hogs. 



REGISTERED STOCK AND PROM THE BEST STRAINS. 
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY REFUNDED. 

C. M. REAVES, Mullins, S. C. 



When corresponding with oar advertiser! always mention the 
Southern PUmt*r. 



1904. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



771 



daily in the fresh air and sunshine, 
and she should carry on her ordinary 
pursuits, at least partially, unless they 
involve heavy lifting or long standing 
up. Her condition (unless there are 
some unusual complications) need not 
interfere with the usual run of little 
feminine pursuits, such as hand sew- 
ing, embroidery and many other quiet, 
sedentary pusuits; only she ought not 
to be too quiet and sedentary, as it is 
very important for her to stir about 
as much as she can, without injury to 
herself or child. A proper develop- 
ment of the muscular system is of in- 
calculable service to a woman on the 
eve of maternity, greatly lessening the 
paiD and danger she is called on to un- 
dergo. I do not believe it was intend- 
ed by a beneficent Creator that a wo- 
man should suffer so severely whilst 
performing so important a service. 
Her sufferings at that time are largely 
due to enervation from an artificial 
mode of life, and consequent non-de- 
velopment or imperfect development of 
her muscular system. Women who 
lead a simple, natural life, doing 
enough manual labor to develop their 
muscles, do not undergo long, protract- 1 
ed or very painful labor. It is a well j 
known fact that women who do all j 
their own house work, besides garden- 
ing and attending to the cows, pass 
through the ordeal of child birth far ] 
more easily and quickly than wealthy | 
and luxurious women, who lead a life 
of ease and have all their work done 
by a corps of servants. In the crucial 
hour of woman's physical existence 
the one of frugal, simple habits and 
well developed muscles enjoys a com- 
parative immunity from great suffer- 
ing, which affords her a recompense 
for what some persons might consider 
the hardships of her lot. 



cA Brief History- gf 

! Hereford- Gattle 

j ■ By- f . ,E. BV's.t) T V H.A M 




ROSEMONT FARM 



TWO SPLENDID 

HEREFORD BULLS 

FOR SALE AT BARGAIN PRI ES. 

One is a yearling by Imp. 
Protector (cost $8,000) 
who weighs 2,800 lbs., and 
is out of one of our choicest 
cows. The other is a ten 
months old calf by Cham- 
pion Perfection, son of 
Champion Dale. Don't 00/l!$ 
let these two great bar- mitobot sqabq? 
gains slip by you. Write for further information 
about them. 

"A Brief History of Hereford Cattle" 
will be mailed free to all applicants. Be sure to 
get a copy. 

ROSEMONT FARM, 

Berryville, = Clarke = County - Va. 




ii j i i i i it « ii i i bb v ^^m, , , B bbbp » b— | — — 

Bacon Hall Farm. | 

Hereford Cattle -:- Berkshire Hoes i 



ERRATA. 

Please corect the following errors in 
my article on Annapolis, in your Oc- 
tober number: "An old vessel, the 
Jante. is kept there as a prison ship." 
It should be "the Santee." "It is only 
by a long and gradual process of in- 
vention that the navy has reached." 
etc. It should be "evolution." 

Mary Washington. 



They had not met in some years, 
and he told her that she had grown as 
plump as a partridge; at which she 
cried, "Oh, now you are making game 
of me!" — October Lippincott's. 



Passer-bj — I thought you were blind. 

Mendicar.i — Well, boss, times is so 
hard and competition is so great that 
even a blind man has to keep his eyes 
open now-a-days if he wants to do any 
business at all. — Chicago Journal. 






REGISTERED-ALL AGES. 

Toulouse Geese, Huscovy Ducks. 

MOTTO: Satisfaction or no sale. 

E. M. GILLET & SON, = Glencoe, flaryland. 



'^^^^^^'^rr^^^TrTT T^T^ \: 1 1 1 r rr mnzrrxiarnr T aa 



Registered * Herefords, 

Herd headed by the Grand Champion 

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539. 

Young stock for sale. Inquiries 
cheerfully answered. 

EDW. Q. BUTLER, Annefield Farms, 

Berryville, Virginia. 




PRINCE RUPERT, 79. r -S9. 




The Delaware Herd of 

ROYAL ANGUS CATTLE 

is not surpassed either in breeding or Individual ani- 
mals, by any herd in the East. At the head of »ur 

herd is PRINCE BARBARA, 68604, 

the son of the great $9,100 Prince Ito. Females of 
equally choice breeding. Write your wants. R«mm- 
ber, we take personal care of our cattle; keep no hick 
priced help; Incur no expense of exhibiting; all of whlck 
enables us to otter stock at equitable prices. Send far 
pamphlet. 

MYER 4. SON, Prop., - Bridgeville, Del. 



WINDMILLSfiiPUMPSliei 



—STEEL STOCK TANKS— 
of every description. 

Great Saving in Freight. 
This U our 51st year. 

THE TEMPLE PUMP CO., Mfgrs. 
Meagher and Canal Streets, CHICAGO, ILL. 



772 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK. 



[November, 




GOOD BYE! SMOKE HOUSE. 
The smoke house always was a 
source of worriment, vexation and ex- 
pense, anyhow. When it catches fire 
let it go up in 
^*1*%S» smoke. There's 
■■^i^M a better way to 
5^ smoke meats. 
That is by us- 
ing Krauser's 
Liquid Extract 
of Smoke. It's 
been gaining in all parts of the coun- 
try for several years past, and there is 
no longer any doubt that it is driving 
the smoke house out of business. 

Krauser's Liquid Extract of Smoke 
is made from selected hickory wood. 
It is applied to meat with a brush or 
sponge. It contains the same in- 
gredients that preserve meat that is 
smoked in the old way. It gives meat 
a delicious, sweet flavor and gives per- 
fect protection against insects and 
mould. It is cheaper and cleaner than 
the old way. Information concerning 
its use, cost, etc., can be had by writ- 
ing to the makers, E. Krauser & Bro., 
Milton, Pa. 



The villagers were all gathered 
round the little store, talking about 
Sam Jones' lost colt. It was a two- 
year-old, and had strayed out of the 
pasture lot the day before. Sam wor- 
ried about it; the neighbors had all 
been out looking for it without suc- 
cess, and no one seemed to know 
where to look for it. 

Jim stood there, looking on and lis- 
tening. Jim was a tall, lank young 
fellow, regarded as half-witted by 
some persons and as foolish by others. 

"I think I could find your horse," he 
said to Sam Jones. 

"You? Why, Jim, how do you think 
you could find him when we have had 
the best men in town out looking for 
him?" 

"Well," said Jim, "I could try, 
couldn't I?" 

"Yes," answered the owner, "you can 
try, and if you find him I'll give you a 
dollar." 

"All right," said Jim, and walked 
away on his search. To the surprise 
of all, he returned in less than half 
an hour leading the missing horse by 
a rope tied around his neck. 

"Well, well," said Jones, as he took 
the horse and paid Jim the dollar. 
"How in the world did you find him so 
quick?" 

Jim answered in his long-drawn-out 
words: "Why, I thought: 'Now, if I 
was a horse, where would I go?' And 
so I went there, and he had." 



There is a health resort in the west 
of Scotland near which is a gunpow- 
der factory. A visitor one day asked 
a native if the place was really so 
healthy as was generally represented. 

"Healthy!" exclaimed the native; 
"man, if it werena for the pooder fac- 
tory, we wudna need to keep a ceme- 
tery ava." 



JNO. S. FUNK, Glen Farm. 

Importer and Breeder of POLLED DURHAM CATTLE. 

Reds and roans. Can fur- 
nish bull calves or cows 
and heifers in car lots. 
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP, 
POLAND CHINA HOGS. 
R. P. D. 7, Harrisonburg, 
Va. 

Deep Creek, Va., 

October 8, 1904. 

JOHN S. FUNK, Esq.: 

Dear Sir, — I received 
the calf on the 6th, safe 
and sound. Every one 
that has seen him says he 
is the finest and largest 
for his age that they ever 
saw. I would like for you 
to have him registered for 
when he is old enough. 
I am highly pleased 
with pig and calf both. 
Yours truly, 
W. T. CULPEPPER. 




SETSI 
SETS! 



EDGEW00D STOCK FARM g°* 

We have sold all the Dorsets oflered. We wish to thank our friends and 
patrons for their kind words. Our one object is to please, and we strive to 
make our flock better every year. Our Ewes this summer were selectei by' 
one of us from the best English flocks, and they are bred to the best rams in 1 
England. We will book your orders now for fall Lambs from these and 
other Ewes. 

J. D. and H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, Greenbrier, Co., W. Va. 




ORGANIZED 1832. 



ASSETS. $932,050.00. 



Virginia Fire and Marine 

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va. 

Insures Against Fire and Lightning. 

All descriptions of property in country and town, private 

or public, insured at fair rates, on accommodating terms. 

AGENCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY. 

W. H. PALflER, President. W. H. HcCARTHY, Secretary. 



CHARTERED 1870. 

Merchants National Bank, 

OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

Capital, $200,000.00. 

Surplus, $500,000.00. 

Undivided Profits, .... $171,000.00. 

Depository of the United States. State of "Virginia, City of Richmond. 

Being the largest depository for banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, 
we offer superior facilities for direct and quick collections. Accounts solicited. 

JOHN P BRANCH, Pres. JOHN K. BRANCH, Vlce-Pres. JOHN F. GLENN, Cashier. 

Assistant Cashiers: J. R. PERDUE, THOS. B. McADAMS, GEO. H. KEEriEE. 

Three Per Cent. Interest Allowed in Savings Department. 



9 CORDS IN 10 HOURS BY ONE Ml 




.Vlth our I'oldlnir Knwlntr Machine. Haw« any kind oftlmbcr. Instnndy adjusted to cut log square on rough 
or level [round Operator always stands straight One man can saw more with it than two men can in any other way, 
and do it easier. Saw bladesfi^A W or 7 ft. long. Champion, ltlnmond or Lflnee Teeth, to suit .your timber. 
riUBlNTFF —It any pan prcaks within three yearn, we will send a new part without eharre. Send for X rea 
ftataloiAhowinK'ateHt lmprovem'-t «. r-ivin^ testimonials from thousands. First order secures atrency. ,• 

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., 16 and 18 8. Clinton St., Chicago, Illinois. 



1904. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 773 



BILTMORE FARM 

BILTMORE, N. C. 

We Have Become Headquarters for Everything We Breed. 



BILTMORE JERSEYS. — The American home of the Great Golden Lads — a family that has produced 
great milkers, with the best udders and show-yard records that the world has ever seen. Our bulls 
are out of dams owned and tested in the Biltmore Herds, and buyers can get as near to a certainty 
as is possible. Large, 52 week milk and butter records a specialty. Over four hundred in five dif- 
ferent herds to select from. 

BILTMORE BERKSHIRES. — No herd in the world has made as good a record. All the great Champions 
of England and America have either been in service or bred here. Our yearly offerings at unreserved 
auction are eagerly taken at nearly double the price of all previous records. The most successful 
herds all over the States are using a Biltmore foundation. 

BILTMORE POULTRY.— Only the UTILITY breeds. Barred and White Plymouth Kocks, White and 
Golden Wyandottes, Brown and White Leghorns, Bronze Turkeys, Pekin Ducks. Over 50 yards 
of prize winners. Extra size, fine type, from fixed strains, and more prizes won at the leading shows 
than all competitors together. 
Also a small kennel of extra choice, Rough coated imported Scotch Collies. 

The Imperial Fruit and Poultry 

offers 600 head Cockerels and Pullets, 
All First Class and Pure Bred. !-! X 

8. C. BROWN LEGHORN, BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

S. C. WHITE LEGHORN, WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

WHITE WYANDOTTES, BLACK MINORCA, 

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTES, PEKIN DUCKS. 

WILL SELL DURING MONTH OF NOVEMBER AT $1.00. 




Also 75 Bronze Turkeys at $3.00, for Gobblers ; and $2.00 for hens. Don't delay, write 
to-day. Reference furnished. 



P. H. HEYDENREICH, Prop., .• .• .• Staunton, Va. 



774 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



Canyon Hotel, 
Yellowstone Park, October, 1904. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Thinking that your readers might be 
interested in hearing some items about 
the Nation's wonderland, Yellowstone 
Park, I avail myself of a little interval 
of leisure at the last stopping point 
of the trip, to write you some account 
of its marvels, which, however, almost 
baifle description. My readers are 
doubtless aware of the fact that Yel- 
lowstone Park is the northwestern 
corner of Wyoming, set apart as a Na- 
tional pleasure ground by Congress in 
1872, because of its great beauties, its 
sublime features and unique charac- 
teristics. It embraces an area of 3,500 
square miles, has an average altitude 
of 8.000 feet above the sea level, and 
is both surounded and traversed by 
ranges of the Rocky Mountains. No 
railroad, trolley line or any such route 
may enter or cross this Park, set aside 
fci the benefit and enjoyment of the 
American people, but the Government 
has made a fine wagon road extending 
from the main entrance and back to 
it again, over a route of about 135 
miles, connecting five important cen- 
tres, at each of which there is a good 
hotel, accommodating from 150 to 250 
guests. 

After a visit to St. Louis, where we 
saw a stupendous exhibition of what 
can be achieved by art and labor, we 
turned our faces westward to view the 
equally stupendous wonders of nature 
as displayed in Yellowstone Park. We 
bad three days and two nights of 
rather tiresome travel, crossing Ne- 
braska on our waj, It is a barren 
plain as seen from the train, very 
much like the veldt of South Africa. 
Still the landscape is pretty, as the 
formation of the land is picturesque, 
and the skies deep blue and very clear. 
There is no sign of vegetation and 
little water, only cattle everywhere, 
and the miserable huts of the ranch- 
men. Occasionally we saw cow boys 
racing their broncos. 

Livingston, the starting point for 
the Park, was the first place we came 
to that looked like the habitation of 
human beings. It is a pretty little 
town at the foot of the mountains, 
with a fine, new depot and Carnegie 
library, and every dwelling in it has a 
yard and flowers. We stopned here 
and took lunch. We reached the en- 
trance to the Park about night fall, 
and drove in five miles to the first 
hotel, the one at the Terraces. These 
formations are due to the dripping of 
water over sharp ledges of rock regu- 
larly stratified, cropping out along the 
hillside. Their color is due to four 
minerals held in solution by hot wa- 
ter — viz., lime, sulphur, magnesia and 
arsenic. The most noted of these ter- 
races are called the Angel, the Pulpit, 
Minerva and Jupiter. The last is the 
largest, covering several acres, but the 
first is the most beautiful, being deck- 
ed in every color of the rainbow. 

We left the hotel of the Terraces in 



Send for handsome 
new Catalogue 



H 



^tJkSh 



Just received highest award, Gold Jledal, on 
Saw Mills, Engines and Threshing Ma- 
chines, World's Fair, St. Louis. Ajax 
Portable and Traction Engines: All 
sizes. Threshinc Machines: AU kinds 
—20 to 40 inches. Portable Saw Mills 
with friction feed and log turner. 
Pennsylvania Grain 
Drills, Insc and Hoe pat- 
terns, greatly improved 
for 1905. 

A. B. Farquhar Co., Ltd. 
York, Pa. 



..ELM WOOD NURSERIES.. 



WE ABE GROWEES AND OFFEB A FINE ASSORTMENT OF 

APPLES, PEACHES, PEARS, CHERRIES, PLUMS, APRICOTS, NECTA- 
RINES, GRAPEVINES in large assortments, GOOSEBERRIES, CURRANTS, 
STRAWBERRIES, HORSE-RADISH, ASPARAGUS, DEWBERRIES, and 
an extra fine lot Raspberries. Splendid assortment ORNAMENTAL and 
SHADE TREES,' ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and HEDGE PLANTS. 

EGGS from B. P. ROCK and BROWN LEGHORN FOWLS at $1.00 per 
13. Also a few pullets and cockerels of these breeds at $1.00 each for im- 
mediate delivery. Write for Catalogue to 

J B. W ATKINS & BRO., Hallsboro, Va. 




Why are we the 

LARGEST SHIPPERS OF STRAWBERRY PUNTS 
IN THE WORLD? 

Because 

WE SELL THE BEST PLANTS AT THE 
LOWEST PRICE 

You can also 

SAVE HALF ON FRUIT TREES 

of all kinds by buying direct from us without profit to agents. 

130 page manual telling al! about 
fruit growing free to buyers. 

-ustratcd catalogue free to all. Mention this paper. 
CONTINENTAL PLANT CO., Kittrell, N. C. 



TP O C C Q Fruit and Ornamental Trees, 
1 IaCC^ Shrubs, Roses, Grape Vines. 

A large assortment of the Finest Varieties. 

Send for new edition of Catalogue if you contemplate planting. 

We desire to engage a number of reliable, energetic agents to 
represent us during 1905. Salary or commission. Write for 
terms. 

We have an extra large stock of Strawberry plants that we will 
be pleased to quote on application. 



NURSERIES LOCATED IN HENRICO AND HANOVER COUNTIES. 



W. T. HOOD &, CO., 

OLD DOMINION NURSERIES, 



RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



775 



NOW IS YOUR CH 

TO BUY THE BEST GOO 

Best American Granulated Sugar, per pound 5Jc. 

Arbuckle's Coffee, per pound 13c. 

Lion or Cardova, per pound 121c. 

Mountain Roll Butter, per pound 15c. 

Good Lard, per pound 8c. 

Ginger Snaps or Soda Crackers, per pound 5c. 

Best Carolina Rice, per pound 6c. 

Country Hams, per pound 17c. 

Best S. C. Hams, per pound 15c. 

Best Full Cream Cheese, per pound 12Jc 

Best Prunes, per pound 5c. 

Best Water-Ground Meal, peck, 18c; bushel 70c. 

Pure Apple Vinegar, per gallon 25c. 

Good Cider Vinegar, per gallon 20c. 

Large Cans Tomatoes, per can 7c. 

Best Can Corn, per can 8c. 

Large Cans Table Peaches, 2 cans for 25c. 

Mother's Rolled Oats, per package 9c. 

Quaker Oats, per package 10c. 

Avena Oats, per package 9c. 

American Oats, per package 8c. 

Fine Teas, Green, Black and Mixed, per lb. . . .35c, 40c. 50c 

Pure Lard, per pound 10c. 

Good Salt Pork, per pound 7c 

Choice Salt Pork, per pound 8c 

Best Salt Pork, per pound lie. 

Country Bacon, per pound 12c 

Bologna Sausage, per pound 7c. 

California Evaporated Peaches, per pound 10c. 

Hominy or Grits, 2 pounds for 5c 

Duke's Mixture Smoking Tobacco, 2 packages 9c 

Green Back Smoking Tobacco, 2 packages 9c. 

American Beauty Cigarettes, 20 to package 4c. 

Piedmont Cigarettes, 10 to package 4c 

Carolina Bright Cigarettes, 10 to package 4c 

Plum, Peach, Grape and Reynolds' S. C. Tobacco, 

3 plugs for 25c. 

New N. C. Cut Herrings, dozen, 10c; or, 3 dozen for. . . .25c 

New N. C. Cut Herrings, one-half bbl., $2; per bbl $3.50 

New N. C. Roe Herrings, dozen, 18c; half bbl 2.50 

New N. C. Roe Herrings, per bbl 4.00 

New Gross Herrings, per bbl 2.50 

New Fat Mackerel, Medium Size 5c 

New Fat Mackerel, Large Size, 3 for 25c 

New Fat Mackerel, 20 Medium Size in Kit $1.00 

Genuine New Orleans Molasses, per gallon 60c 




ST PRICES, 



j Best Porto Rico Molasses, per gallon 35c 

■ Good Porto Rico Molasses, per gallon 25c. 

Heavy Bright Syrup, per gallon 30c 

i Heavy Bright Syrup, one-half gallon cans 18c 

I Heavy Bright Syrup, one gallon cans 35c 

Pride of Richmond Flour (Very Best), per bbl $6.25 

Daisy Flour (Splendid), per bbl 5.75 

Dunlop Patent Flour, per bbl 6.25 

Obelisk Patent Flour, per bbl ". . . 6.25 

Pillsbury Patent Flour, per bbl 7.00 

Gold Medal Patent Flour, per bbl 7.00 

Excelsior Flour, per bbl 5.50 

New Virginia Buckwheat, pound, 5c; 6 lbs. for 25c 

Best Elgin Butter, per pound 25c 

Good Green Coffee, Rio, per lb 10c, 12c, 15c. 

Good Laguayra Coffee, per lb 12 Jc and 15c 

Good Java Coffee, per lb 20c 

Best Feed Oats, per bushel 43c 

Good Corn, per bushel 68c. 

Ship Stuff, per 100 pounds $1.25 

Best Bran, per 100 pounds 1.15 

Best Timothy Hay, per 100 pounds 85c. 

Good Luck Baking Powder, Small Cans 4c 

Good Luck Baking Powder, Large Cans 8c. 

Lenox Soap, 7 Bars for 25c 

Polo Soap, 11 Bars for 25c 

Moon Soap, 11 Bars for 25c 

Octagon Soap, per Bar 4c. 

Circus Soap, 7 Bars for 25c. 

Best Navy Beans, per quart 8c. 

Good N. C. Corn Whiskey, per gallon $2.00 

Best 5 year old Corn Whiskey, per gallon 2.50 

Old Crown Rye Whiskey, per gallon 3.00 

Old Keystone Rye Whiskey, per gallon 2.50 

Old Excelsior Rye Whiskey, per gallon 2.00 

Old Capitol Rye Whiskey, per gallon 1.50 

Virginia Apple Brandy, per gallon 2.50 

Duffy's Malt Whiskey, per bottle 80c 

Good Gin, per gallon $2.00 

Best Gin, per gallon 2.50 

Mountain Whiskey, 4 years old, per gallon 3.00 

Wilson Whiskey, per bottle 90c 

Paul Jones Whiskey, per bottle 90c 

Fulcher Whiskey, per bottle $1.00 

Buchu Gin, good for kidneys, per quart 90c 



Prompt attention to out of town orders. We guarantee to save you 
money and give satisfaction. Ten cents extra per gal. for jugs. All orders packed 
carefully and shipped promptly. Remittances must accompany all orders. § Give 
us a trial. These prices are subject to market changes. 



J. S. MOO 





NS, inc., 



STORES 

1724 East Main Street, Phone 507, 
501 North 25th Street, Phone 1865, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



776 



THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER 



[November, 



a carriage with an East Indian prince, 
his courier and his slave. The prince 
was a large, dark man, wearing a tur- 
ban, loose trousers and slippers. He 
spoke only a few woras of English, 
but his courier had fluent command of 
the language. The slave was the most 
absurd figure I ever saw, dressed all 
in patches, and he wore his master's 
monogram in silver on a huge white 
turban. We drove forty miles the first 
day, through Silver Pass, Golden Gate, 
past the Hoodoos and Beaver Lake to 
Norres Basin. Here we stopped for 
luncheon and then drove on past 
Emerald Pool and Obsidian Cliff. Our 
next stopping place was Fountain 
Hotel. This is the region of bubbling 
springs, and also one of its remarkable 
features is the Mammoth Paint Pot, a 
cauldron fifty feet in diameter, in the 
basin of which there is a fluid sub- 
stance in a state of constant ebulition. 
It is composed of oil, lime, clay and 
water, and is so much like the calci- 
mine of commerce that it can be used 
for coloring walls. Our next drive 
brought us to the upper Geyser basin, 
the region which the Indians call 
"Steamboat Springs." Here we found 
cones which send forth eruptions of 
hot water in tall, straight columns 
from 50 feet in height to 250. The 
most noted of these geysers is "Old 
Faithful," which erupts once an hour. 
"The Giant" and the "Gaintess" are 
elso remarkable. One of the great at- 
tractions of this region is "Larry," a 
jovial Irishman, proprietor of the ho- 
tel here, a very fine one, recently 
built, and entirely of natural wood. 
Ten bears came into the back yard and 
fed there. Indeed, I understand that 
bears feed at all the hotels in Yellow- 
stone Park. In driving through the 
forests, we were struck with the abun- 
dance and tameness of the animals. 
They are not allowed to be shot, though 
there is no interdiction on fishing. 
The evening we spent at "Larry's" 
hotel, we sat around an open fire, pop- 
ping corn, enlivened by the merry 
jests of our host, who possesses the 
traditional fun and humor of the race 
from which he springs. 

Yesterday we drove around the lake, 
and to-day we have explored the falls 
and the Grand Canyon, which, I be- 
lieve, form the climax of all the great 
and wonderful sights we have seen 
In the park. The falls are formed by 
the plunge of a whole river over the 
edge of a precipice 365 feet, and the 
Grand Canyon is a great rent in the 
earth, six miles long, half a mile wide, 
and 1.500 feet deep. 

To-morrow we return to the railway 
and the outside world, leaving behind 
ua this land of enchantment of whose 
wonders and beauties I have only 
leisure now to give you a brief outline. 
Traveller. 



The Everlasting Tubular - Steel Plow Doubletrees 




Guaranteed noi to 
break or bend. Fur- 
nished with rings or 
hooks for trace a 1 taeh- 
ment. Sample orders 
sent to responsible 
parties on trial 



Send for our No. 8 
Catalogue for 1904. 
Contains everything 
of interest to Dealer 
or user of Whiffletrees. 



PATTERN No. 105 EQUIPPED WITH FORGED TRIMMINGS, 
Also manufacturer of Farm Waaon Doubletrees, Neck Yokes and Singletrees. 

Pittsburg Tubular Steel WHiffletree Company, 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS 
PITTSBURG. - - PENNSYLVANIA. 



"Paints that Stay Painted." 

PAINT is what you need. Do you know that 

PAINT will preserve and improve your property? 

PAINT will give your property a prosperous appearance. 

PAINT will increase the value of your farm. We have 

PAINT on hand for everything — 

PAINT for roofs and barns. Lythite Cold Water 

PAINT Carriage and wagon paint. Our " Standard" house 

PAINT is ready-mixed, and for the money no 

PAINT can surpass it. Write us for 

PAINT prices and color cards. 

JOHN W. ATKINSON & CO., 

Richmond, Va. 



U. S. Government 

Stamp of Approval 

On the Work of the Undesirgned. 



CONTRACT AWARDED FOR 



12 Charter Gasoline Engines, 1 All to be installed in 

7 10,000 Gallon Tanks and Towers, I thirty days on the old 

12 Artesian Wells, i Manassas (Bull Run) 

9 Miles of Pipe. ! battlefield. 



J 



If we can satisfy Uncle Sam we can satisfy you. 



SYDNOR PUMP AND WELL CO., Incorporated, 

Box 949, RICHflOND, VA. 



DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES 

ail one cylinder engines; revolutionizing gas power. Costs Lesa to Bnyand Leal to Run. Quickly, easily started. No vibration. Canbemounted o 
tlonary or traction. Mention this paper. SBNDFOK CATALOGUE. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO-, Mfr«., Mtujhcr A: 1 5th 8t»., Chicago 



UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE 
"THE MASTER WORKMAN," 

atwo-cylinder gasoline engine superior to 

Can be mounted on any wagon at small cost— portable, sta- 
THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIRST YEAR. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



777 



The American Field Fence Lfrt ZX^VZ 

is even less than barb wire or wood 
and when erected is practically ever- 
lasting. Furnished in various heights 
and styles. 

Write for special catalogue and 
prices. 



m 








* 


















55 INCH. 






























vi 


IN. 


ri 


6 


- 





























*2§- 


JN. 


i 


6 




























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«2£. 


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20 


,IN. 






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Vi \t 














































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' T 







































THE THOMAS DISC GRAIN DRILL will drill perfectly WHEAT, OATS, 
CORN, PEAS and BEANS as well as grass seed of all kinds. With or with- 
out fertilizer attachment. 



WOOD'S PATENT SWING CHURN. 
The quickest and cleanest butter maker 
known. The frame is made of Hol- 
low Steel Pipe, very light and strong, 
and easily forms a useful table. The 
churns are furnished of either wood 
or heavy tin. 




OHIO FEED CUTTERS for hand or 
power. A comparison with others will 
convince you it is the strongest, sim- 
plest and best made. The power ma- 
chines are furnished with blower or 
carrier If so wanted. Prices very low. 

SINGLE AND DOUBLE CIDER MILLS 



V CRIMP STEEL ROOFING. The 
most economical roof made. Does not 
require a carpenter to put it on. Fur- 
nished in all lengths from 5 to 10 feet 
long. 



THE EMPIRE 
CREAM SEP- 
ARATOR should 
be on every farm 
where three or 
more cows are 
kept. It will save 
its cost many 
times in one year. 
It is the simplest 
one ever man- 
ufac tured and 
can be c le a n e d 
without trouble to 
any one. Write 
us for particulars. 

All sizes and capacities at low prices. 




BIRDSELL STEEL SKEIN FARM WAGONS, MITCHELL FARM WAGONS, BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, HAR- 
NESS, ROBES, BARB AND PLAIN WIRE, POULTRY NETTING AND LAWN FENCING, CORN SHELLERS, 
FEED CUTTERS, GRAIN DRILLS, WOOD SAWS, MOWERS, BINDERS, HAY RAKES. 

All kinds of Agricultural Implements and Machines. Catalogue mailed free. 

THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



778 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 




SAFE and PRIVATE! ABSOLUTELY FREE! 

This Magnificient Doubly Reinforced Handsomely Finished, 

Largs and Roomy STEEL SAFETY BOX The Kind Bankers Use 

Black Enameled, Trimmed in Maroon and Gold, Strong Look, Intricate Kef. 

An actual necessity to every man, woman, boy and girl. 

Apptals with great force to Men for Deeds, Women for Jewels, Boys for 
Letters, Girls for Trinkets 

CONTENTS AS SAFE AND PRIVATE AS A BURIED TREASURE, HIDDEN FROM THE 
SECURb A8 A BANK VAULT. EYfcS OF ALL BU T 1 HE RIOHTFUL OWNER. 

This splendid gift, absolutely free, delivered at our expense to any Address in the United States. 

Send your name and we will send postpaid, twenty boxes of Brauer's Ivory White Baby-Cream, the finest and most pleasant articU 
im existence for keeping the skin of infants and children in absolutely perfect condition. Sell them at only ten cents a box; when sold, 
remit us the two dollars and we will at once send you this elegant steel safety box. We want your help in introducing this excellent 
Baby-Cream into every home, and we are giving this costly premium so that our liberal dealing will secure your hearty co-operation. 

The Baby-Cream is a fine, quick seller. Put up in large, attractive boxes; perfectly medicated; delicately perfumed; thoroughly anti- 
Beptic; rich snowy white. No explaining to do. Circular tells all about it. Cures rough skin, chapped face and hands, chafing, eruption! 
»nd irritations; cuts, burns, scalds and bruises; p ickly heat, fever sores and other skin troubles, gives instant relief. Mothers use it on 
themselves. The girls do, too. It keeps their skin like velvet. 

Write to-day. The Baby-Cream sells on sight. Every mother wants it. Every one wants the Steel Safety Box. You want it. If 
you need a safe, private place for your valuables and letters. BRAUER CHEMICAL CO., 427 Postal Building. N. Y. 



A distinctive feature of the Review 
of Reviews for November is the series 
of sketches of men of the hour, includ- 
ing, besides an elaborate character 
study of the late Senator Hoar, by 
Talcott Williams, briefer articles on 
Mr. John Morley and Mr. James Bryce, 
who are now visiting the United 
States; on Comander Booth Tucker, of 
the Salavtion Army, whose work in 
America is just closing; on the late 
F. A. Bartholdi, the designer of the 
statue of "Liberty," in New York har- 
bor; and on the late Lafcadio Hearn, 
the interpreter of Japan to the West- 
ern world. Mr. Herman Rosenthal 
writes on "Prince Mirsky, Russia's new 
Minister of the Interior," and Mr. W. 
T. Stead contributes an interesting 
character sketch of Lord Grey, the new 
Governor-General of Canada. Mr. 
Stead's article is followed by two other 
Canadian papers of exceptional inter- 
est — "The Trend of Political Affairs in 
Canada," apropos of the approaching 
elections, by Miss Agnes C. Laut, and 
"Western Canada in 1904," by Theo- 
dore M. Knappen. "Iowa's Campaign 
for Better Corn," by Prof. P. G. Holden, 
is a suggestive account of the work 
performed last spring by the so-called 
"Corn Gospel" trains. Mr. Edward A. 
Moseley, secretary of the Interstate 
Commerce Commission, contributes an 
authoritative article on American rail- 
road accidents; their causes, and the 
means of securing greater safety in 
travel. Miss Florence E. Winslow re- 
views the work of the Episcopal Tri- 
ennial Convention, which has just com- 
pleted its sessions at Boston. "What 
the People Read in Hungary," is the 
somewhat out-of-the-way subject of a 
paper by John Skotthy. The closing 
phases of the Presidential campaign, 
the devlopments in the Russo-Japanese 
war, and other topics of the hour are 
discussed in the editorial department, 
"The Progress of the World." 



If 



"Does youi husband take as much 
interest in horse racing as he used 
to?" 

"Yes." answered young Mrs. Tork- 
ins, "Charley can always tell the day 
before a race which horse ought to 
win, and the day after why he didn't." 



prlii y 




Only Harrow In the world 
with independent adjust- 
able spring pressure upon 
inner ends of disc gangs. 
Any amount of pressure 
thrown on these inner 
ends by foot. Ball-bearing. 
Works uneven ground. All 
sizes, at proportionate 
prices. 

Seasonable Implements of the latest style, always up-to- 
date. Possibly you are now or will soon need a Corn Sheller, 
Feed Cutter, Disc Plow. You can get our Catalogue for the 
asking. 

OUR PRICES MUST BE RIGHT. 

NORFOLK FARM SUPPLY CO. 

41-51 Union Street, NORFOLK, VA. 



Do "You SKip Apples? 

If so, let us call your attention to the California and Oregon apple 
boxes, the coming packages for nice apples, particularly for foreign 
shipments. SOUTHSIDE M'F'G CO., Petersburg, Va. 



Not long ago the genial superinten- 
dent of a public school was asked by 
one of hi3 youthful friends to listen to 
the latter's rehearsal of a lesson, in 
which there was a reference to Atlas. 

"Do you know who Atlas was?" ask- 
ed the superintendent. 

"Yes, sir. He was a giant who sup- 
ported the world." 

"Ah! Supported the world, did he!" 
went on the superintendent. "Well, 



tell me who supported Atlas?" 

The little fellow looked as though he 
had not given the subject any particu- 
lar attention, but showed immediate 
willingness to think it over. The su- 
perintendent stood looking on, trying 
hard to keep back a smile; but the 
youngster finally brightened up and 
answered: 

"Well, I think he must have mar- 
ried a rich wife." 



1904. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



779 





I 



The following Hit of papers and periodical* 
are the meet popular ones la thla sectlom. 
We caa SAVE YOU MONET on whaterer 
Journal you wish: 



DAILIES. 

Price With 
Alone. Planter. 

Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Va $5 00 fG 00 

The Post, Washington, D. C 8 00 8 00 

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 8 08 3 40 

Chicago Live Stock World 4 00 3 50 

News-Leader, Richmond, Va S 60 8 00 

TRI-WEEKLT. 
The World (thrlce-a-week), N. T... 1 00 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

Montgomery Advertiser 100 100 

Nashville American 60 75 

Breeder's Oaxette 2 00 175 

Hoard's Dairyman 100 1 36 

Country Oeatleman 150 175 

Religions Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 25 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va 100 125 

Central Presbyterlaa, " " 2 00 2 25 

Horseman 8 00 3 00 

MONTHLIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 60 

Dairy and Creamery 60 

Commercial Poultry 50 

All three 160 

North American Review 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 

Lipplncott's Magazine 2 50 

Harper's Magazine 4 00 

Harper's Bazaar 100 

Scrlbner'n Magazine 8 00 

Frank Leslie's Magazine 100 

Cosmopolitan Magazine 1 80 

everybody's Magazine 1 00 

Munsey Magazine 100 

Strand Magazine 1 26 

Madame 1 00 

Argosy Magazine 100 

Review of Reviews 2 60 

Poultry Success 1 00 

Rural Mechanics 1 00 

Blooded Stock 50 

Successful Farming 1 00 

Southern Fruit Grower 50 

Where you desire to subscribe to two 



75 
76 
75 

1 15 
5 00 
4 25 

3 25 

2 50 

4 00 
1 40 

3 25 
1 35 
1 35 
1 35 
1 86 
1 65 
1 00 

1 35 

2 75 
75 
55 
68 
60 
85 
me 

mere of the' publications named, you can ar- 
rive at the net subscription price by deduct- 
ing 50 cents from "our price with the 
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to 
aay other publications not listed here, write 
■s and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or 
net subscription rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not erplr* 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the PLANTER or any 
of the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for aay Informa- 
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any 
eerresyendenee. 

We furnish NO SAMPLE COPIES of other 
■ertedleaia. 



Seed House of the South. 



RED 

CLOVER, 

nAMMOTH 

CLOVER, 

CRinSON 

CLOVER, 

WHITE 

CLOVER, 

LUCERNE 

CLOVER, 



ALSYKE 

CLOVER, 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER. 



JAPAN 
BUR 



CLOVER, 
6LOVER, 




TlflOTHY, 

ORCHARD 

GRASS, 

RED TOP or 

HERDS GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE GRASS 

RANDALL 

GRASS, 

TALL MEADOW 

OAT GRAS8 

JOHNSON 

GRASS, 

GERHAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



44 Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 

We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every 
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are 

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS. 

■* * & WE ALSO SELL 

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c. 

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 
Fertilizing Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, ■* 



1016 Main Street, 
LYNCHBURG, VA 



Richmond, iTederacksburg & Potomac R. R. 

= AND = 

ashington Southern Railway 



The Double-Track Link connecting the 

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 
Pennsylvania Railroad 
Seaboard Air Line Railway 
Southern Railway 

Between ALL POINTS 
Via RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



THE GATEWAY BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH 
^ FAST MAIL, PASSENGER, EXPRESS AND FREIGHT ROUTE «=• 
OVER FIFTY MILES OF THE SECOND TRACK ALREADY IN SERVICE 




"SO 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEE. 



[November, 



DAN PATCH AT WORLD'S FAIR. 

Our readers who intend to visit the 
great World's Pair during November 
will be pleased to know that the 
World's Champion Harness Horse Dan 
Patch, 1:56 will give two of his mar- 
vellous speed exhibitions at the Del- 
mar Race Track, which is directly op- 
posite to the "Administration En- 
trance" of the World's Fair Ground. 

Dan's exhibitions will be on No- 
vember 5th and November 10th, com- 
mencing at 2 P. M. This is the only- 
chance you will ever have in your life 
to see the greatest fair in the world 
and the greatest horse in the world in 
one day. 

It is nothing unusual for Dan Patch 
to draw 50,000 people to one of his 
wonderful performances, and many of 
them travel for hundreds of miles. 
The American people are great ad- 
mirers of genuine greatness, and Dan 
Patch appeals to them, not only on ac- 
count of his lovable disposition. He 
has a special liking for ladies and chil- 
dren, and the horse never lived who 
had so many ardent admirers as the 
World famous Dan. 

Mr. M. W. Savage, of Minneapolis, 
Minn., the owner of Dan, writes us 
that these two dates are the only dates 
on which Dan Patch will appear at St. 
Louis. i . 



MERIT COUNTS EVERY TIME. 

Farquhar Machinery Receives Highest 

Award, Gold Medal, at the 

St. Louis Exposition. 

The A. B. Farquhar Company, Ltd., 
of York, Pa., whose exhibit compris- 
ing engines, boilers, threshers, baw 
mills and agricultural machinery, is 
one of the features in the Palace of 
Agriculture at the St. Louis Exposi- 
tion, has just received highest award 
and gold medal on saw mills, engine 
and threshing machines. 

The receiving of this high honor is 
rot to be wondered at, for the exhibit 
is truly a revelation in mechanical im- 
provement. It also shows that merit 
is appreciated, and that it is bound 
to win out. 

The Farquhar Company has always 
kept well in the lead in new inven- 
tions. They have time and again re- 
ceived awards for improvements, and 
the name Farquhar on any farm im- 
plement is to-day a guarantee that the 
machine in question will give the 
greatest economy and profits in opera- 
tion. 

To those who have not seen this ex- 
hibit or will not get to the fair, the 
next best thing is to send for a cata- 
logue describing and illustrating their 
machinery just as it is. The company 
will send a copy of their catalogue free 
to any address. It is worth having. 



"To what account shall we charge 
these new battleships?" asked the Rus- 
sian Treasury official. 

"The sinking fund," answered his 
superior, wearily. 



ROOFING 



OF ALL KINDS. 



Painted Corrugated Roofing, Painted V. Crimp 
Roofing, Roofing Tin in boxes or rolls, Tarred 
Roofing Felt, Perfected Granite Roofing. V V 



Feet 




Send us the DIMENSIONS OF YOUE ROOF, stating 
KIND OF ROOFING wanted, and we will quote you on sufficient 
quantity to cover it. 

You can ADD YEAES to the life of your roof by painting 
it with our ■■iimitwu. 

Magnet Red Roofing Paint. 

1 gallon will cover 2% squares. Can furnish in any size package, 
1 gallon up. Only the' very HIGHEST GEADE material enters 
into the manufacture of this paint. Write for prices. 



We also carrj a complete stock of Conductor Pipe and Gutter, Solders and Metals; Galvanized and 
=^^=^=^ Black Sheet Iron, etc. ===== 

Southern Railway Supply Company, 



1323 East Main Street, 



RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



O0£<H&KHKH}*KHKHKH}*}lWHtH^^ 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 



WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 



We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders 
ALL STOCK TRUE TOI NAME. 
Nectarines, Pecans, Ornamental and 

Chestnuts, Shade Trees, 

Walnuts, Evergreens, 

Small Fruits, Roses, Etc. 



Cherry, 

Quinces, 

Almonds, 



Apples, 
Pears, 
Peach, 
Plum, 
Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, for Hedging. 

. . AGENTS WANTED. . . 
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., Baltimore, MP. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



781 



Latest Improved FA 




ELI BALING PRESSES. 58 styles and sizes. For Horse or steam 
power. Write for prices and Catalogues. 




The SCIENTIFIC Grinding mils. 

Are unequaled for grinding ear com, shucks on or off, Corn, Oats 
Wheat and all other grains, single or mixed. 

POWER MILLS in five sizes, 2 to 30 horse-power. 
Scientific Sweep Hills in five sizes. 

Geared — plain and combined, with horse-power. 

Milwaukee Corn Husker and Fodder Shredder, 

His sle°l gears and steel clutches and rolls easily. Adjusted to all conditions of corn. 

With Blower or Carrier. Manufactured in 5 sizes: Large machines 
for threshermen and small machines for farmers' own use. 

Read list of only a few of the many using the MILWAUKEE Husker : 



VIRGINIA : 
R. L. Bruce Medlouk. 
J U. SegaR, Lewiston. 
J. A. Graham, Hanover. 
L. E. Williams, Enfield. 
Julian Ruffin, Old Church. 
Edmund Ruffin, Old Cnurch. 
A. T. Broaddus, Old Church. 
H. S. Saunders, Shirley. 
Mrs. Alice Bransford, Shirley. 
C. C. Branch, Toano. 



M. L. Norvell, Island. 
S. D. Ivey, Petersburg. 
J. A. Maddox, Triangle. 
W. H. Walton, Rice Depot. 
T. 8. Wilson. News Ferry. 
Geo. R. Land, Boydton. 

NORTH CAROLINA: 
C. C. Moore. Charlotte. 
R. F. Broaddus, New Berne. 
Col. B. Cameron, Stagville. 



HENING & NUCKOLS 



The above parties will cheerfully give you testimonials as to the merits 
of the riilwaukee. We are ready at all times to go in the field with any 
other husker made, and will guarantee the riilwaukee to be the best 
made; and will also gaurantee it to do more work than any other made, 
and shell less corn, and cost less for repairs and last longer. Write the 
parties that are using them ; also write for special circulars and testi- 
monials we have, which will be sent with pleasure. 



Successors to 

CHAS. E. HUNTER, 




788 



THE SOUTHERN" PLA2TTE» 



[IToromber, 



THE CANADIAN WHEAT CROP. 

A great deal of attention has been 
paid in the United States this year to 
the Western Canadian wheat crop. It 
is generally realized that that great 
wheat country is now arriving at such 
a volume of production that hereafter 
the markets of the world will have to 
pay close attention to its annual con- 
tribution to the world's supply of 
wheat. 

Owing to the scare created by the 
discovery of rust in a part of Mani- 
toba in August an erroneous impres- 
sion has got abroad as to the size of 
this year's crop in Western Canada. 
At the time of the scare a well known 
wheat estimater put the whole West- 
ern Canadian crop as low as 42,000,000 
bushels, and one guess even had it as 
low as 35,000,000 bushels. 

Now threshing is so far advanced 
that it can be asserted without doubt, 
that the Western Canada wheat crop 
will be about 60,000,000 bushels, or an 
average of 17 bushels to the acre — as 
good an average yield and a larger 
total by 7,000,000 bushels than last 
year. 

That it may not be inferred that this 
is a biased estimate, we will say that 
our estimate at the time of the scare 
was? for less than 15 bushels to the 
acre. 

The indications now are that West- 
ern Canada will have 4,500,000 acres in 
wheat next year, and with favorable 
conditions will for the first time pro- 
duce a crop of about 100,000,000 bush- 
els. 

Western Canada Information Bureau, 
Theo. M. Knappen, Secretary. 



After the jury in a Texas case had 
listened to the charge of the court and 
gone to its room to deliberate upon the 
verdict, one of the twelve men went 
right to the point by saying, "That 
thar' Pike Mulrow orter be convicted 
on gen'ral principles. He's bad as 
they make 'em." 

As the hum of approval went around 
a weazened little juror said: "I heerd 
that Pike guv it out that he'd go gun- 
nin' fur us if we sent him up, jes' 
soon's he got out, an' fur the Jedge, 
too." 

"We must perfect the Jedge," they 
agreed, and the evrdict was "not 
guilty." 



An Irishman was charged with a 
petty offence. 

"Have you any one in court who 
will vouch for your good character?" 
queried the judge. 

"Yes, sorr; there is the chief con- 
stable, yonder." answered Pat. 

The chief constable was amazed. 
"Why, your Honor, I don't even know 
the man," protested he. 

"Now, sorr," broke in Pat, "I have 
lived in *he borough for nearly twenty 
years, and if the chief constable 
doesn't know me yet, isn't that a char- 
acter for ye?" 



The best 
at one -half price 

It takes five of the ordinary " quarts " to make a eallon, but a HAYNER QUART is a 
full quart, an honest quart of 32 ounces, four to the gallon. Now, you pay your dealer at 
least $1.25 a bottle for whiskey that cannot possibly be any better than HAYNER, if as 
good, or $6.25 a eallon. If you buy HAYNER WHISKEY you save at least $3.(6 on every 
gallon. We sell two gallons for about the same as you pay for one gallon of probably poorer 
whiskey. Just think that over and remember that HAYNER WHISKEY goes direct from 
our distillery to you, carries a UNITED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUAR- 
ANTEE of PURITY and AGE and saves you the dealers' enormous profits. That's why 
it's so good and so cheap. That's why we have over a quarter of a million satisfied cus- 
tomers. That's why YOU should try it. Your money back if you're not satisfied. 

Direct from our distillery to YOU 

Saves Dealers' Profits ! Prevents Adulteration I 




WHISKEY 




PURE SEVEN-YEAR-OLD RYE 

FULL $£.20 EXPRESS 
QUARTS W PREPAID 

We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN- 
YEAR-OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. Try it and 
if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever used or can buy from 
anybody else at any price, then send it back at our expense and your $3.20 
wiil be returned to you by next mail. Just think that offer over. How could 
it be fairer? If you are not perfectly satisfied, you are not out a cent. Better 
let us send you a trial order. If you don't want four quarts yourself, get a 
friend to join you. We ship in a plain sealed case, no marks to show what's 
inside. 

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col.. Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex.,Ore., Utah, Wash, 
or Wyo. must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for $4.00 by Express 
Prepaid or SO Quarts for $16.00 by Freight Prepaid. 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY 

ATLANTA- GA. DAYTON, OHIO ST. LOUIS, MO, ST. PAUL, MINN, 

150 Distillery, Trot, O. Established 1866. 




•3* THE J 6, 

SEABOARD 

AIR LINE RAILWAY 

OFFERS THE MANUFACTURER, 

PROFITABLE THE STOCK RAISER, 

THE DAIRYMAN, 
THE FRUIT GROWER, 



INVESTMENTS 



-*»*- 



THE TRUCKER. 
IS NOT IN 



WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN. 

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where 
large profits can be realized Interest you? 

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and m 
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome Illustrated 
literature descriptive of the section. 

J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, CHARLES B. RYAN, 

6en. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mg Ben. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Va 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



783 





TORNADO CUTTER WITH BIOWEE ATTACHED. 



THE CELEBRATED 

TORNADO 

LINE OF 

FEED CUTTERS, 

CARRIERS, 
BLOWERS, Etc. 

sizes 

raajlnj from 
•-INCH 
HAND POWER 

TO 

Large 27-Inch 

MOGUL 
Power Cutter. 

The most successful HAY, STRAW, FODDER, and ENSILAGE CUTTING 
AND SHREDDING MACHINE in the world. No extra shredding or splitting tornado cutter with swivel cahrieratiach'd 
attachments needed on the TORNADO. These Cutters, with Carrier or Blower, are prime favorites with the progressive 
Southern farmer. Call on your local dealer for information and prices, or write to us. We will mail you Catalogue and full 
nformation for the asking. Many hundreds of these machines in use in the South. 




MANUFACTURED BY: 



W. R. HARRISON & CO., Massillon, Ohio. 



FOR SALE 



la the October Planter I said a patron, who 
has acquired a wide experience as a breeder, 
is OTerstocked and advises me to offer a por- 
tion of his stock. To this many replies were 
received from various sections, and a num- 
ber of sales made. Of the remainder I am 
offering the fine prize winning Hackney Stal- 
lion and a half dozen yearlings. 

Some Shetland and Exmoor ponies, aver- 
aging 40 inches, and a few yearlings. 

Also a portion of the Guernsey and Hol- 
stein cows, which are registered. 

Limited area on farm prompts these offer- 
ings. Further information may be had of 
W. J. CARTER, P. O. Box 929, Richmond, 
Va. 



R. H. RICHARDSON, 

Having removed to my new and commo- 
dious store, at 308 Hull street, Manchester, 
Va., I am prepared to offer at tempting 
prices harness of all kinds, hardware, paints 
and oils; also farm wagons of various grades. 



FOR SALE CHEAP 

Small stud of Hackneys, stallion Rickell, 
won 1st New York. Philadelphia, 1HW. 7 import- 
ed mares, 2 daughters and 5 granddaughters 
of the grf-at Denmark; also yearlings and 
foala. Address WESTTOWN STOCK FARM, 
Wc-sttown, Pa. 



1904. 1904. 

W00DM0N0E AND HATTONDALE FARMS 

BURLINGTON 



" The Gentleman in Black," 

Winner of the Criterion Stakes, Pelham Handicap, 
Brooklyn Derby, Belmont, Trial and Tidal Stakes. 

Black horse, by Powhatan, dam imp. Inver 
cauld, by St. Albans; 2d dam imp. Eleanor, by 
Voltigeur; 3d Themis, by Touchstone; 4th dam 
Rectitude (damofLaius, Dr. Caius, Chivalry and 
Aristides), by Lottery: 5th dam Decision (dam 
of Brown Stout XXX and Silvio), by Magistrate, 
etc., etc. BURLINGTON will mak« the season 
of 1904 at J. E. Lane's above named farms at 
Esmont. Albemarle county, Va. 

Fee 850 with usual return privilege if horse 
is alive and in my possession. 

For particulars address 

J. E. LANE, 
Esmont, Albemarle County, Va. 



For Sale to Reduce Stock. 

SOME HNE BROOD MARES, all trotters, 
and richly bred. Bargains. Address 
ROBERT TAIT, Norfolk, Va. 



1904. 



1904. 



KELLY, 22823. 

Record 2:27. Sire of McChesney, 2:16%, etc. 
Bay horse, by Electioneer 125; first dam, Es- 
ther, dam of Expressive 3, 2:12%; Express, 2;21, 
etc.; by Express, etc. Kelly represents the 
highest t ype of a trotter, having fine size and 
the form and finish of a thorough-bred. For 
terms of service address 

W. J. CARTER, Richmond, Va, 

Kelly will serve at my private stable, 1102 Hull 
street, Manchester, Va. 

Richardson Brothers, 

613 Brook Ave., Richmond, Va., 

BUILDERS OF 

Wagons and Carriages, 

A select lot of business and pleasure 
Vehicles on hand. 

Repairing neatly done. Orders by 
mail solicited. 

W. J. CARTER, 

TURF JOURNALIST and 
PEDIGREE EXPERT.. . 

ADDRESS: 

P. O. Box 929, Richmond, Va. 

Or 1 102 Hull St., Manchester, Va. PHONE 3380. 

Representing "The Times-Dispatch" and 
"Southern Planter," Richmond, Va. ; "Ken- 
tucky Stock Farm," and "The Thoroughbred 
Record," Lexington, Ky.; "Sports of th« 
Times," New York, and the "Breeder and 
Sportsman," San Francisco, Cal. 



When corresponding with oar advertisers always mention tk« Southou* Plantei. 



784 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[November, 



Owen Wister, the novelist, was talk- 
ing about puns. 

"I detest puns," he said, "but Fanny 
Kemble, who was my grandmother, 
used to tell one made by a certain Ba- 
ron Rothschild that was good of its 
kind. 

"The Baron was dining out, and 
some one spoke of venison. 

" 'I,' said the Baron, 'nevair eats 
venishon. I think it ish not so coot 
ash mutton.' 

" 'Oh, absurd ' some one exclaimed. 
'If mutton is better than venison, why 
isn't it more expensive?' 

"The Baron laughed, overcome by 
the brilliancy of the pun that had just 
come to him. Then he said, and his 
dialect came in very handy: 

' 'The reason why venison ish more 
expensive than mutton ish that the 
people always prefer vat ish deer to 
vat is sheep.' " 



SURE. 

"What did Noah live on when the 
flood sudsided and his provisions in 
the ark were exhausted?" asked a Sun- 
day school teacher of her class. 

"I know," squeaked a little girl after 
the others had given up. 

"Well, what?" inquired the teacher. 

"Dry land." — Lippincott's. 



Wife — You seem to be able to read 
me like a book. 

Husband — Yes; I wish I could shut 
you up as easily. 



FOR 5 M Jft GAS SNGI « 



Grinds Ear Corn and Shvck Corn. Three 

Capacity 12 to 18 bushels per hour. Safety Quick Release. 50 other Larger 
sizes and styles of .■ sizes. 



Sweep-peared, Combined and Power, Most efficient and economical 
mills on the market. Simple, strong and durable. Write for new 
catalogue C-5. ■>- 



THE FOOS MFG. CO., {£st a 6ii$idi 



Springfield, Ohio. 



The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and 
THROUGH ITS CONNECTIONS.... 

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis, 

Sandusky and Cleveland ; 
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus; 
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima 
and Dayton — 

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT And Ho r r $?&£2r ROUTE. 

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND, PKTER*BUR«, NORFOLK, 
And Principal Virginia Poimt®. 

H. W. FULLER, den. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry., Washington, D. C. 



Established by 
GEO. WATT, 1840 




THE CALL=WATT CO., %WK.» 

Implements. Machinery and Vehicles. 

THE UNIT ROAD MACHINE, 

So called because it has but ONE WHEEL, and takes but ONE TEAM and 
ONE MAN to operate it. It has passed through the experimental stage, and 
stands well tested and perfected. By actual test it has been demonstrated that 
with one team and four men it will build more and better road than can be 
done by 40 men with the usual tools. That it saves labor enough to pay for 
itself every two days it is in use. That it is economy for each township to 
have one, not only to build its roads, but to keep them in order after they are 
built. It will do as good work as the heavy, expensive road machines, at very 
much less expense, and has advantages over any of them. The price is so low 
every road district and even individuals can afford one. 

The following unsolicited communication indicates how the UNIT is re- 
garded: 

THE CALL-WATT CO., Richmond, Va.: Jackson, N. C, September 21, 1904. 

Dear Sirs, — Enclosed find check to pay for the Unit road machine. The more I use it the better I am pleased 
-with it. Yesterday my road overseer with one team and three men built more road, and did it better, than could 
have been done with 40 men with picks, shovels and hoes. It saves labor enough to pay for the machine every two 
days while in use. This is no exaggeration or idle talk. I will gladly answer enquiry from any one needing road 
building tools. It is valuable to go behind the big machines and fill the ruts made by the wheels in the loose dirt 
before it is packed. I think every one of the townships in our county will have one next spring. We have eight 
townships. Respectfully yours, John E. Moore, Road Commissioner. 

All interested in GOOD ROADS are requested to write for descriptive circulars of the UNIT and other road 
building tools. 

BAI ING PRESSES for Hay, Cotton, Straw, etc. WHEAT DRILLS, CANE MILLS, DISC HARROWS, ROLL- 
ERS MANURE SPREADERS, PEA HULLERS, FARM WAGONS, ENGINES, SAW MILLS, CORN MILLS, CORN 
SHFLIERS WHEAT FANS, PLOWS and PLOW CASTINGS. 




We so 



licit enquiries lor anythlne desired. ^3 $. 1 5th Stre et, Bet Maln and Car * RICHMOND, VA. 



A. C. SINTON, President. 



J. J. SUTTON, Secretary. 



THE WATT PLOW CO., 

15th and Franklin Streets and 1404 East Hain Street, 
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

LABOR SAVING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY, 

VEHICLES ™2 HARNESS. 




Smalley Saw Frames 
for short and long 
wood. 

Hocking Valley and 
Smalley Feed Cut- 
ters, all sizes. 

Hocking Valley Corn 
Shelters. 




STAVER BUCKEYE COMBINED MILL AND 
POWER. 



Geiser Saw Mills and En- 
||gines, well known e very- 
Buffalo Pitts and Johnston 
Disc Harrows and Culti- 
vators. 
Smalley, Hocking Valley 
and Buckeye Horse 
Powers, 
Chattanooga, South Bend 

and Syracuse Plows. 
Fish, Weber, Champion 

and Hickory Wagons. 
We carry a large stock of 
Buggies, Surreys and 
Vehicles of all descrip- 
tions. 

%£&> %£&> <J£ 



THE BUFFALO PITTS ALL-STEEL, SPRING- 
FLEXIBLE, DISC HARROW. 





HOCKING VALLEY CUTTER. 



HALF - PLATFORM SPRING WAGON. 

We Solicit Inquiries About Any IMPLEMENT, VEHICLE or MACHINE. 



:WRITE J OR OUR CATALOGUE.: 



THE WATT PLOW COMPANY, 



RICHMOND, 
VIRGINIA. 



m? Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Companv. 

ORGANEED 1857. ASSETS, $178,000,000. PURELY MUTUAL. 

'T~ r HIS COMPANY has paid nearly one and a half millions'in Virginia, in death claims 
■*■ alone, without contest or compromise of a single policy. It has "policy holders in 
nearly every county whose names will be furnished as references, together wiih full, in- 
formation as to rates and plans, to any one contemplating life insurance, or desiring to 
represent 

^ma K.THE BEST COMPANY FOR THE POLICYHOLDER.— — ~ 

T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent for Virginia and North Carolina, 

.1201 East Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 



STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOR'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. If you wish fiat and smooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cows, give 

DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS. 

For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 
DIXIE NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT- Best on earth for Man or 
Beast Large Bottle 25 cts. ; everywhere. 

■ — -. OWENS ft MINOR DRUG CO., Richmond, Va. 




THISTLE 




BRAND 



LAIDLAW'S 

Concentrated Tobacco Powder, 
Sheep Dip and Cattle Wash. 



A SURE CURE FOR THE EXTERMINATION OF 



Scab and Tick in Sheep. Lice on Horses and Cattle. 

Lice on Hogs. Mange on Dogs. 



Kills all vermin. Allays all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on^flesh. 

ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS. 

PRICES: 5-lb.bag, 75c; 10-lb. bag, $1.25; 25-lb. bag, $2.60; 50-lb. bag, $5.00. 

One 50-lb. bag makes £00 gallons Dip for Seal', and 1000 gallons for Tick, etc. 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS, 

LAIDLAW, MACKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A. 

To be Had at all Leading Drug Stores. 



The STATE BANK OF VIRGINIA 



JOHN S. Kl. LETT, President WM. M HILL, Cashier. 

CAPITAL, $500,000. So.'-iPLUS $240,000. 
RICHMOND. - - VIRGINIA