i 




Established 1840. 



THE 



Sixty-Fifth Year 



Southern Planter 

A MONTHLY JOURNAL 

DEVOTED TO *- 

Practica. and Pro^s.ve Ar^jfJ^*'* 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

L™ mimth STREET, RICHHOND, VIRGINIA. 
OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STRt^K 



THE SOUTHERN 



Vol.65 



PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY, - 

j. F. JACKSON, Editor and General Manager. 




JUNE, 1904. 



Proprietors. 



No. 6. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 

Editorial-Work for the Month . . . • ■•'••'•"' 
Forage Crops for Fodder and Silage 

Alfalfa in the South 

Cow Peas and Soy Beans in Corn 

Lime as an Improver of Land: . . . -~- ■ - v • 

Some Random Notes on May Numbefc 

Farming as a Business - ^ ^^ 

I^^Column'iDetan'lndex.page^O ff£ 

TRUCKING. GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 

• Editorial-Work for the Month 

The Fruit Crop 



385 
388 
390 
390 
391 
393 
395 



Remedy for Modular Disease of Shew-- ^ 
Remarkable Milk Record of Jersey Heifer . . 
Do Grade Dorset Lambs Butcher WeU? ;;;;; 

Dorset Sheep • " • ■ * " ' " ' ' " 

Administering Benzine or Gasoline to Sheep. 

Sow Eating Pigs 



406 
407 
407 
408 
408 
409 



THE POULTRY YARD: ^ 

rjJTSTr ilian Egg Laying Contest.... ^ • ^ 

', r "l nT ,o i Chickens 411 

IVU :i!?-ly for Sick Turkeys ' ^ 

I Best for Laying Hens 



402 

403 

403 

Sea 



THE HORSE: 

Notes 



412 



ttvtt STOCK AND DAIRY: 

tine Law, if You W1SU 405 

Quarantine Line 405 

Reo Polled Cattle • • • ..... 406 

ed Durham Cattle 



MISCELLANEOUS: 

On What Does the Fertility of a Soil Depend?. 418 

Hawks and Crows .''."" 'sl'Xl vir 

The Proposed Agricultural Building at the Vir- 
ginia Polytechnic Institute (Agricultural and 
Mechanical College) 



415 



The Virginia Corn Exhibit at the Louisiana 
I Purchase Exposition, Bi^gM^^** 



SUBSCRIPTION, 500. PER YEAR, M ADVANCE. 



How is four Wheat? 

ONE CENT *£■« ta^fcostal card and addressed to 

Cardwell's Thresher and Gleaner I 

They are SIMPLE, DURABLE and EASY TO WORK 
Capacty, 200 to 1,000 bushels of w heat ner dav V 

and character of grain. * ""^ to «* 

rt THE CARD WELL MACHINE CO Ni — —- ca rvS t, 

C* wwij RICHMOND VlRriMiA 

x '<»w)ooooooeo 0000oeeootMBHm 

OUR SSO^TCHER," 



This name fits this 

Virginia Buggy 

admirably. It is a winner 
wherever used. 

Right up-to-the- 
minute in design, 
honestly and strong- 
ly built, very rea- 
sonable in price. 

We also build all 
•other styles of light 
pleasure vehicles. 

Write for our in- 
teresting catalog. 




Having now gained the 

Leadership- 

in medium-priced work, 
we propose to give such 

vaiueslaswiilfceepitwith 
us. 



Richmond, Bucar akd mm co.. m E . m^TSi va 



W. G. ADAMS Sales Manager. 






The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother cf the Arts»==XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. ==SULLY. 



65th Year. 



Richmond, June, 1904. 



No. 6. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The cold ungenial and dry weather of which we 
have had to complain for now so many months still 
continues up to the date of this writing (19th May). 
This condition j£ not peculiar to the South but more 
or less affects tne whole country except the Gulf 
States where there is a slight excess of average tem- 
perature accompanied by drouth in many places. 
There is every indication that we are likely to enter 
summer with a deficiency of soil moisture which, 
if not carefully provided for by keeping the fields 
covered with a mulch of fine soil, may result in seri- 
ous damage to the crops. Those who plowed their 
land in the early fall will be in a much better posi- 
tion to conserve their crops than those who have only 
broken the land just previous to planting. Whilst 
the rainfall throughout the South has been below 
the normal ever since last December yet where land 
was plowed before that month there has been a con- 
stant though slight accretion to its moisture content 
which unplowed land has largely failed to be in a 
condition to accumulate. This once more emphasizes 
the importance of early fall plowing if the best 
chance is to be given to the crop, for whether the win- 
ter and spring be wet or dry such land will be better 
fitted to take care of the crop during the growing sea- 
son than land left unbroken until spring. 



Crop conditions throughout the country tell un- 
mistakably of a trying winter and spring. The Gov- 
ernment Report for May says, "The available rec- 
ords of the Department show for no preceding year 



such uniformity of unfavorable conditions as is re- 
ported this month." The condition of the winter 
wheat crop is a distinctly unfavorable one. Nearly 
5,000,000 acres of the land seeded in the fall has 
been abandoned and plowed up, reducing the area 
left to be harvested to very little more than 27,000,- 
000 acres or over 5,000,000 acres less than was har- 
vested last year. The average condition of the crop 
throughout the country is only 76.5 as against 92.6 
last year and a ten year average of 84.2. This would 
indicate in conjunction with the reduction in area 
a reduction of at least 100,000,000 bushels in the 
crop as compared with last year. The seeding of 
spring wheat has not been a very successful one and 
the condition of the crop is very variable. The win- 
ter and spring oat crop of the South is likely to be 
a very poor one as much of the crop of winter oats 
was killed and the spring seeding has not done well 
from lack of rain and constant cold weather. Corn 
planting has been in progress for more than a month 
in this State and the fine dry weather has enabled it 
to be put into a good seed bed but germination has 
been slow from the cold condition of the soil. We 
are afraid stands will not be of the best. In sev- 
eral of the Gulf States drouth is injuring the crop 
materially. The stand of cotton in the more South- 
ern States is not what we would like to see and much 
replanting is being done. In this State the crop is 
only just being planted. 

Tobacco plants are reported from many sections 
as being small and scarce and the crop is likely to be 
a late one. 



% 



386 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTEK. 



[June, 



Irish potatoes have been much injured by the cold 
dry weather and the early crop promises to be smaller 
than usual. Those planted later are making slow 
growth. Grass and clover crops are of good color 
where standing, but a great deal of last fall's seeding 
was destroyed by the winter. The cold dry spring 
has made the growth short and late and hay crops 
generally are likely to be light. From the foregoing 
review of crop conditions as they appear at this time 
it will be seen that effort will be needed to supple- 
ment the fall and early spring sown crops if an aver- 
age result is to be made. The wheat crop must be 
supplemented by an extra area in corn and the oat 
and grass and clover crops by forage crops of various 
kinds. There is yet ample time to make good all 
deficiencies if only effort be at once made. 



The completion of the planting of the corn crop 
for grain should be hastened as much as possible. 
All highland crops ought to have been planted before 
the end of May, but if not already planted should 
be got in before the 10th June. Where corn is plant- 
ed on high land during this month we would advise 
the planting of Golden Dent or Improved Learning, 
two excellent varieties of yellow corn which will ma- 
ture in much less time than any of the white varie- 
ties. We had a splendid sample of Golden Dent 
brought to our office last year which was planted on 
the 4th July. The whole crop matured fully and 
cured finely. On the river low grounds white varie- 
ties may be planted up to the 20th of the month, but 
the sooner they are got in the better they are likely 
to do and mature. The main work of the month 
should be the cultivation of the crop. In our last 
issue we wrote fully upon this, and to that issue refer 
our readers. Two points should be constantly borne 
in mind. Cultivate frequently and cultivate shallow 
and level. if these requirements he observed the 
roots of the plants will soon fill all the space between 
the rows and search out all the plant food which is 
available. The corn plant is a great forager for food 
and its root system a wide spreading one. If the 
crop is not making such growth as is desired it may 
he helped by intercultura] fertilization that fs by 
applying fertilizer during the cultivation. For this 
purpose ;i quick acting fertilizer should be used, one 
in which the nitrogen is in the form of a nitrate al- 
ready, like nitrate of soda, with the addition of acid 
phosphate and on sandy land some potash. A good 
mixture for this purpose would be 100 pounds of 
nitrate of soda, 200 pounds of acid phosphate and 
25 pounds of potash per acre. Apply this in the 



middles between the rows and not close to the stalks 
and work it in with the cultivator. The roots will 
soon find this and it will largely help in the making 
of ears rather than stalk. The practise of sowing 
cow peas in the corn crop at the last working is one 
highly to he commended as tending to the constant 
improvement of the land and making feed for hogs 
and stock. Cow peas, however, are scarce and dear 
this year and we are afraid that few will be sown, in- 
deed we expect the pea crop to be vary largely cur- 
tailed from this cause. We have had scores of en-» 
quiries from parties wanting cow peas which we have 
been unable to satisfy. Soy beans may be planted in 
the place of the peas and will answer the same pur- 
pose though they will not make so heavy a crop usu- 
ally. A mixture of crimson clover and sapling clover 
may also be sown. This will make a winter cover for 
the land and much grazing during the early spring. 
If the crop should make a good stand the crimson 
clover can be cut off for forage or hay in May and 
the sapling clover make a hay crop later in the slim- 
mer. No better preparation for a good corn crop can 
be made than by the growing of the leguminous crops 
like cow peas soy beans and the clovers. They will 
tell much better than the use of commercial fertili- 
zers on the corn crop. We would urge upon corn 
growers the importance of removing the tassels from 
the barren stalks of the crop as soon as they appear 
and before they have begun to shed their pollen. Al- 
lowing these stalks to pollenize in the corn crop is the 
prolific cause of barren stalks. Few realize what a 
loss of corn is sustained from these barren stalks. 
With persistent effort in removing the tassels this can 
be largely obviated. 



Corn for the silo should be planted this month. 
Sorghum also should be planted for this purpose. 
In this issue will be found an article giving informa- 
tion as to the relative value of these two crops for 
silage and fodder. A combination of the two crops 
in the silo will make better silage than either alone. 
In planting for a silage crop do not plant too thickly 
hut give the plant the opportunity of making a per- 
fect growth and a fair proportion of ears. The 
-ilage will be sweeter and not so watery and its feed- 
ing value will be much higher. Cow peas may with 
great advantage be grown with corn and sorghum for 
the silo. They should be planted alongside the corn 
rows at the second working and will then grow up the 
stalks and can be harvested with the corn either with 
the corn harvester or by hand. The Whippoorwill 
pea is a good variety to sow for this purpose as it 



1904.1 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



387 



keeps closer to the stalks and is not so apt as the 
Black pea to reach over from row to row and thus 
tangle the crop together and make it difficult to har- 
vest. Soy beans intended for the silo are best grown 
as a separate crop from the corn and should be 
mixed with the corn as filled into the silo being run 
through the cutter alternately with the corn. 



In our last issue we wrote very fully on the im- 
portance of planting forage crops for stock feeding 
and gave information as to the different crops. To 
that article we refer our readers and also to an arti- 
cle in this issue on the same subject. 



Bring the cotton crop to a stand as quickly as pos- 
sible by chopping out the excess of plants. Much 
cotton is injured in its growth and yield by allowing 
the crop to grow too long before the chopping out is 
done. The plants become drawn and spindling and 
then when the surplus plants are chopped out they 
fall over and are several days before they recover and 
acquire a sturdy and robust growth. All this is time 
and vitality wasted. When once a stand has been 
secured keep the cultivator running in the crop and 
encourage growth. Cultivate shallow and level. At 
the last cultivation sow crimson clover or sapling 
clover or a mixture of the two in the crop. This 
will improve the land make some feed and preserve 
the soil from washing in the winter. 



The completion of the planting and the cultivation 
of the tobacco crop will require attention. Cultivate 
frequently until the crop is too large for the team to 
get through it without damaging the leaves. Look 
out for the first brood of worms and have them closely 
picked off or destroyed by spraying. The practise 
of spraying tobacco is now fully established in many 
sections and can be done without injury to the crop 
at any rate in the early part of its growth. We 
would not, however, advise spraying after the crop 
gets near ripening as it might stain the leaves with 
traces of the poison and thus prejudice the sale. The 
proper strength of the mixture to use for killing the 
worms is one pound of Paris green to 160 gallons of 
water. 



The harvesting of the wheat and oat crops will 
demand attention before our next issue is in the 
hand- of our subscribers. Do not fail to have the 
reaper and hinder carefully overhauled at the first 
opportunity in order that it may be seen to be in good 
working condition. See to jt that you have all neces- 



sary repairs ordered at once and have them fixed and 
the machine ready for work. Do not let the crops 
become over ripe before commencing cutting. Much 
grain is wasted when the crop is over ripe and the 
grain itself is never so bright and fine in appearance 
as when cut just before becoming dead ripe. See 
to the hands required to enable the work to proceed 
quickly when once begun. Have sufficient force to 
keep close up to the machine so that all cut grain may 
be shocked before leaving the field. Select men as 
shockers who know how to make a shock so that it will 
turn rain. Poor shocking is the cause of great loss 
every year. A shock can never be set up a second 
time so that it will turn rain. It can be done the 
first time by a man who understands his work. The 
great art is to keep the centre of the shock well filled 
and the sheaves all so laid as to slope outwards from 
the centre so" that any rain falling on it may be car- 
ried outwards and not inwards. See that the shocks 
are well capped. 



The cutting and curing of the clover and hay crops 
will need watchful care. Do not let these stand until 
they have past their prime before cutting. Clover and 
the hay grasses are in their prime for making into 
hay just before reaching the full blooming period. 
Every day the crops stand uncut after this time they 
lose in nutritive value. The seed commences to form 
and in perfecting its maturity absorbs from the plant 
those elements upon which the nutritive value of the 
hay depends. As the seed of the clover and hay crop 
is not the purpose for which the crop is grown its 
formation should not be encouraged but the crop be 
cut when in its prime for feeding purposes, that is to 
say when all the nutritive elements are in the stalk 
and leaves. Let the crop be cut when free from rain 
and dew so that it will not take so long to dry and 
not run the risk of becoming bleached or fermented 
by lying in the sun. Hay, whether clover or grass, 
should, when cured, retain the leaves and blades and 
be of a green color. This cannot be the case if the 
crop after being cut is allowed to remain broadcast 
exposed to the sun and wind longer than is necessary 
to wilt the stalks and leaves. As soon as the clover or 
grass is thoroughly wilted, but before the leaves and 
blades are dry enough to fall off when handled, the 
crop should be drawn into windrow and be left in 
that condition for the wind and sun to draw through it 
and further reduce the watery elements in the plants 
Imt largely protected from the scorching rays of the 
sun. If rain or heavy dew threatens put up into 
small cocks and let stand over night and if necessary 



388 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



over the next day. Then after the dew is off the cocks 
and ground on the following day, open out the cocks 
and especially be careful to throw out the bottom of 
the cocks which will have absorbed moisture from 
the ground, and let the wind and sun dry out the hay 
and thoroughly warm it. If the weather be good the 
hay should then be fit for putting into large cocks or 
if the crop be not a heavy one be hauled to the barn. 
Nothing but practical experience can accurately de- 
termine whether the hay is sufficiently cured to haul 
to the barn, but if all rain or dew is thoroughly dried 
out of it we would rather put it away in the bam a 
little undercured than overdried. In this condition it 
will heat in the mow but will take no harm if not dis- 
turbed, but cure out thoroughly. It will be a browner 
color but will retain its nutritive character and will 
smell appetising and sweet. If, however, it contains 
rain or dew when stored it will mould and may burn 
up from spontaneous combustion. We have known 
this to occur and the whole crop to be destroyed by 
fire. We have cured hundreds of tons of fine hay 
but never knew a crop free from rain or dew when 
stored to mould or fire. We have known it, when put 
in the barn too full of the natural juices, to heat so 
much as to become a very dark brown color, but it 
still made good feed and was eagerly eaten by stock. 
Of course this is not desirable, but it is better and 
more nutritious in this condition than in the dry and 
flavorless condition which is characteristic of the 
overcured hay, which is common in the South where 
leaves and blades are gone and nothing but woody 
stalks remain. When hay is stacked out of doors 
make one large stack rather than a number of small 
ones. There is much less waste and a much better 
product. 



FORAGE CROPS FOR FODDER AND SILAGE. 

In our last issue we published articles emphasizing 
the importance of growing forage crops of all the 
various kinds which we can so easily and profitably 
produce in the South. The weather we have had 
since those articles were written, and indeed ever 
since the year commenced has only served to make 
more necessary the advice we then gave. Abnormally 
dry and cold weather is cutting short the hay and 
clover crops and making the prospects for good wheat 
and oat crops look gloomy. "Long" feed for stock is 
likely therefore to be scarce and every farmer should 
see to it that a vigorous effort is made to meet this 
contingency whilst there is time to do so. Even in 
the best of years it is not sound practise or wise econ- 



omy to neglect the raising of crops specially for 
stock feeding. The agricultural prosperity of every 
country in the world is largely measured and deter- 
mined by the numbers of live stock of all kinds which 
they raise and mature. A country which does not 
raise live stock of every kind adapted to its climatic 
conditions is certain to lack prosperity and to become 
a wasted one. The example of the South itself is 
proof of this. As we advance in attention to live 
stock husbandry so will the South advance in pros- 
perity and her lands take on their pristine fertility 
and enhance it. To succeed with live stock in the 
South it is essential that we should grow forage 
crops both for summer and winter feeding. However 
good the pastures may be in the spring and early 
summer there comes every year a time in late sum- 
mer when the heat of the sun and a dry spell burns 
up the grass and stock suffer for want of feed. A 
field of sorghum, or cow peas and sorghum, or of fod- 
J der corn is then a god send to the farmer who has it. 
Instead of losing weight and shrinking in milk they 
will go on improving or at least maintain their posi- 
tion, and the pastures will be given an opportunity 
to recuperate and become capable of carrying a full 
head of stock up to the close of the grazing season. 
For winter feeding these crops when properly har- 
vested and saved provide a variety of feed which is 
in itself almost as important in the well doing of the 
animal as a sufficiency. They enable a ration to be 
so balanced as to be an improving one without re- 
course to the corn crib, the miller, and the cotton seed 
mills or only require small help from these adjuncts. 
In our last issue we considered the value of the dif- 
ferent forage crops as feeds and to this we refer our 
readers. We now want to say a word as to the rela- 
tive value of these crops when harvested and saved 
in different ways. This point is well illustrated by 
experiments made at the Tennessee Experiment Sta- 
tion. Professor Soule writing on these in the 
Breeders Gazette says: 

"Part of the sorghum grown on a piece of land was 
made into silage and part of it shocked and utilized 
as fodder the same method being pursued with corn 
for silage and stover. The cost of harvesting a silage 
crop from sorghum was $12.83 and shocking the sor- 
ghum $9.12. The cost of fertilization plowing and 
seeding would of course be the same. The total cost 
of putting up 19.8 tons of sorghum silage per acre 
was $22.65 or $1.15 per ton. The total cost of shock- 
ing 7.10 tons of sorghum fodder per acre was $18.94 
or $2.64 per ton. The sorghum silage was ready for 
immediate use as food while the shocked sorghum 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



389 



had still to be cut tip in order to get it into the best 
^ condition for feeding. 

"On the basis of tbe experiments made at the sta- 
tion with beef cattle 19.8 tons of silage when fed with 
four pounds of meal per head per day would have 
been sufficient to maintain seven beef cattle 150 
days. The experimental cattle gained 222 pounds 
per head in the time indicated, making 1,554 pounds 
of gain. The sorghum fodder when fed with the 
same grain ration would have been sufficient to feed 
5 1-2 animals for 150 days. The cattle on sorghum 
fodder and a grain ration made 173 pounds of gain, 
so that 5 1-2 animals would make 951 pounds of gain, 
in 150 days, a difference of 593 pounds in favor of 
the sorghum silage. 

"Corn silage cost a good deal more than sorghum 
silage and the writer is inclined to believe that there 
is little to choose between the feeding value of the 
two for either beef or dairy cattle. Corn does not 
yield so well for either silage or fodder purposes as 
sorghum. It cost $6.17 to harvest the corn and put 
it in the silo, the total cost per acre being $17.11. 
It cost $1.73 to harvest the stover with a total cost 
of $4.38 per acre. The corn when cut in the silo 
yielded 8.3 tons of silage; when the ears were 
stripped off and the stalks cured as stover, 1.5 tons. 
The cost of a ton of corn silage was $2.06 and a ton 
of corn stover $2.92. Supposing the silage from corn 
and sorghum to be equal in feding value, 8.3 tons 
of corn silage would be sufficient to feed three steers 
for 150 days. If the steers gained 222 pounds of 
beef in that time, corn silage would make 666 pounds 
of beef per acre when fed with a suitable meal ra- 
tion. Of stover 1.5 tons would do but little more 
than supply the roughness necessary for one steer 
when gaining 145 pounds with suitable meal ad- 
juncts. The difference in favor of the silage would 
thus be about 521 pounds per acre or nearly the same 
difference as is shown from making the sorghum into 
silage and into fodder. 

"These facts should lead the farmer carefully to 
consider the relative feeding value of these two food 
stuffs in a dry and succulent form, particularly for 
beef production. Corn stover has been made on the 
farm from three different varieties of corn. Cocke's 
Prolific and Hickory King have produced stover at 
the least cost per ton, $2.92. The average yield ob- 
tained has been 1.81 tons. From 1.5 to two tons will 
be the yield generally obtained from corn stover and 
the east on the average will be close to $3 to $3.50 
per ton. 

"Two varieties of sorghum have been made into 



dry feed, False Red Head and the genuine Red 
Head. The principal difference in the cost was due 
to the great variation in yield. One can probably 
expect to obtain about five tons of sorghum fodder 
per acre and the average cost will vary from $3.50 
to $4. 

"These facts seem to warrant the statement that 
silage can be produced at a reasonable cost from 
either sorghum or corn ; that it is a hard matter to 
obtain a large enough per cent, of peas to influence 
the composition of the silage to any material extent; 
that a combination of corn and sorghum can be 
effected which will increase the yield of the total 
crop and probably make a more desirable form of 
silage than where one crop is used alone. It also 
seems clear that silage is peculiarly valuable in the 
South because of the large yields that can be ob- 
tained. These results would indicate that it is more 
desirable to put the crop in the silo than attempt 
to cure it in the form of dry fodder because of the 
greater palatability of the silage. It also seems that 
a crop made into silage has a much greater carrying 
capacity per acre than when made into dry feed 
and there is little to choose between the two methods 
so far as cost is concerned. Owing to a warm cli- 
mate and a heavy annual precipitation the loss of 
feeding nutrients through long curing periods in the 
field is undoubtedly greater than in some other sec- 
tions. These investigations demonstrate the im- 
portance of utilizing silage on a more extensive scale 
for the feeding of farm animals in the future than 
has been done in the past." 

The results go to show the great value of sorghum 
as a feed crop and the importance of providing a silo 
for the saving of forage crops. In our next issue we 
will have more to say on the silo question. In con- 
nection with this question of growing forage crops 
we are often asked what area should be planted to 
provide feed for a given number of cattle. An ex- 
periment made recently at the Pennsylvania Experi- 
ment Station affords information on this subject 
There nine different kinds of forage crops were 
grown for comparison of yield ,and their effect on the 
yield of milk and butter. These crops were clover 
and timothy, flat peas, Canada field peas and oats 
grown together, rape, soy beans, sorghum, sorghum 
and cow peas sown together, cow peas and field corn. 
These crops furnished a succession of green forage 
from June 15 to September 23. The yield of the 
clover and timothy was 6,872 pounds per acre of 
green feed, of the flat peas 15,588 pounds per acre of 
green feed, of the peas and oats 18,190 pounds per 



390 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



acre of green feed, of the rape 24,960 pounds per 
acre of green feed, of the soy beans 9,934 pounds 
per acre of green feed, of the sorghum 27,279 pounds 
per acre of green feed, of the sorghum and cow peas 
29,563 pounds per acre of green feed, and of the 
cow peas 18,095 pounds per acre of green feed. The 
crops were cut and fed in succession to a selected 
number of cows, each being given daily what she 
would eat up clean and about 9 pounds daily in addi- 
tion if a mixed grain ration. At the rate at which 
the cows ate the forage and the yield per acre of the 
different crops the following table shows the num- 
ber of days which one acre of each would feed 10 
cows: 

Days. 

Clover and timothy 16 

Flat peas 36 

Peas and oats 27 

Rape 37 

Soja beans 17 

Sorghum 35 

Sorghum and cow peas 34 

Cow peas 21 

Field Corn 16 



ALFALFA IN THE SOUTH. 

In order to stimulate interest in the growing of 
alfalfa in the South it is our intention to devote a 
considerable part of the space in our July issue tc 
this crop. August and September are the best month? 
in the year for seeding the crop in this section and 
we desire that our readers shall be put into posses- 
sion of the fullest information on the subject before 
that time. We would ask all who have had any ex- 
perience in growing alfalfa to give us the benefit of 
their knowledge on the subject by writing us short 
articles for publication in that issue. We believe 
that alfalfa promises as much, or more, for the South 
as it has done for the West and this means millions 
for our farmers. We desire to hasten the time when 
this shall be realized by giving all the help in our 
power "ii the subject. 



COW PEAS AND SOY BEANS SOWN IN CORN. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I have grown cow peas with great success for a 
number of years in a State further South and I 
learn that this crop is grown successfully in States 
further North than Virginia. It seems, therefore, 
reasonable to think more farmers could grow this crop 



profitably in Virginia, but in Southwest Virginia 
especially the cow pea is seldom seen growing. 

We do not know the best way to grow this impor- 
tant soil improving crop here. We do not know the 
best varieties for our soils, nor do we know the crop 
will grow well on our lime stone soil without the soil 
being inoculated with cow pea bacteria, nor do we 
know whether we can grow a good crop of peas on 
the soil without losing a crop from the soil. The re- 
sults of an experiment made last year may be worth 
something to farmers now since much corn will have 
been cultivated the last time before another issue of 
the Planter comes out. 

On July 11th last year I sowed Whippoorwill 
cow peas and soy beans in my corn just ahead of the 
cultivators. The ground was in fine condition and 
the cultivators put the seed in nicely. Good seed 
were obtained of T. W. Wood & Sons for experimen- 
tal purposes. \ 

The date mentioned was very late to sW the seed 
and I had serious doubt about the success of the 
crops. On the following 12th of October the land 
was again plowed and seeded to wheat. My peas 
made a growth of 12 to 18 inches high, which I 
thought good for the cool, dry season. The soy 
beans did no good whatever. They started off very 
poorly. The weather seemed entirely too cool for 
them. The root tubercles were very few, only one 
or two on each vine of the peas. Perhaps there 
would have been more if seed had been sown earlier. 
No peas had ever been grown on the land before. 

Now (May 18th) the wheat that is growing where 
the peas were, is rank, and has a rich black color, 
showing the presence of nitrogen. 

I believe the crop was profitable, sown even that 
late, hence I am thinking of sowing more this year in 
June just before my corn is cultivated the last time. 
I have heard of instances where parties grew peas 
with corn each year, and each successive crop of corn 
was larger than the preceding one. That was profit- 
able farming since larger crops of corn showed in- 
creased fertility of the soil. No bill for expensive 
fertilizer had to be paid. If we can grow peas on 
our corn land successfully to enrich the soil for the 
following crop of wheat and save that heavy cost of 
commercial fertilizers for wheat, it would mean a 
great saving to Virginia farmers. This "fertilizer 
business" is getting to be a costly one. Let us see if 
we can make more of our fertilizers on the farm, 
first by growing the legumes, such as clovers, beans 
and peas, and second by saving all manures on the 
farm. Sow more grass seed and keep more stock. I 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEBF PLANTER 



391 



have some experiments under way now with grasses 
the results of which I want to publish in the Peant- 
ee. R. H. Price. 

Montgomery Co., Va. 

We are of opinion that both cow peas and soy beans 
can be successfully grown in Southwest Virginia, ex- 
cept possibly on the highest elevations of the moun- 
tains. They can certainly be grown in the valleys. 
Both these plants are semi tropical products and ele- 
vation has as much to do with their growing in sec- 
tions out of their original habitat as latitude. Ex- 
perience has shown that they can both become accli- 
mated to northern latitudes and high elevations. They 
can neither of them, however, be grown successfully 
until the soil is inoculated with the proper bacteria 
peculiar to each. That these bacteria can be success- 
fully inoculated into the soil of Southwest Virginia 
we have no doubt. A limestone soil is peculiarly 
fitted for the propagation of the bacteria. Writing 
on this subject in a recent Bulletin Prof. Cyril Hop- 
kins, of the Illinois Station, who is doing a great 
work in introducing the leguminous crops into Illi- 
nois, says: "Plants cannot use the free nitrogen of 
the air as plant food, neither can they use the organic 
compounds of nitrogen which occur in the soil. There 
are at least three different kinds of bacteria and also 
three different steps or stages involved in the process 
of nitrification, the nitrogen being changed from the 
organic compounds first into the ammonia form 
second into the nitrite form and third into the nitrate 
form. During the process the nitrogen is separated 
from the carbon and other elements composing the 
insoluble organic matter and is united or combined 
with oxygen and some alkaline element (as calcium) 
to form the soluble nitrate, such as calcium nitrate 
which is one of the most suitable compounds of nitro- 
gen for plant food. Calcium is the alkaline element 
contained in lime or limestone. * * * If no 
alkaline element is present in available form then no 
nitrates can be made in the soil. One of the reasons 
for applying ground limestone to soils which are de- 
ficient in lime is to furnish the element calcium in 
suitable form for the formation of nitrates in the pro- 
cess of nitrification." In Illinois as in Southwest 
Virginia neither cow peas nor soy beans have been 
generally grown, but Prof. Hopkins has demonstrated 
that they can be successfully grown there when the 
soil has been inoculated with the proper bacteria. He 
says that cow peas will themselves introduce the bac- 
teria for plant as the seed usually carries the infec- 
tion. The first crop will not have many tubercles 
on the roots nor be a very heavy crop but succeeding 



crops will carry a full crop of tubercles and be lux- 
uriant in proper seasons. For soy beans he advises 
inoculation of the soil with the soy bean bacteria as 
the seed carries little if any of the infection. In ex- 
periments made with soy beans at Urbana, 111., no 
tubercles were found on the roots of the crops for two 
years and only very few in the third year when the 
soil had not been inoculated. After the soil had been 
inoculated with infected soil tubercles were at once 
formed and the crop became a success. From these 
and other similar experiments it is concluded that as 
a rule soy beans should be inoculated when they are 
first seeded and then they should be grown a second 
year upon the same land. If soy beans are after- 
wards grown on this land once in every three or four 
years the soil will doubtless remain well infected 
with the soy bean bacteria. We commend this ad- 
vice to our Southwestern friends. They can have 
both cow peas and soy beans and they are both too 
valuable crops to be dispensed with as improvers of 
the land and economisers of purchased fertilizers to 
do without. — Ed. 



LIME AS AN IMPROVER OF LAND. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I notice in the May number of your valuable paper 
the remarks on my article on lime as an improver of 
soils. I feel it my duty to you and the many readers 
of your much esteemed paper to reply to some of the 
comments made. 

My article was not prepared alone from my indi- 
vidual experience but largely from observations cov- 
ering a wide field and taking in almost all prevail- 
ing conditions. I was born and raised in the west- 
ern part of Maryland. In the Cumberland Valley 
when a boy back in 1866 and 1867 I frequently went 
to Washington city. In doing so I passed through 
Montgomery county, which runs up to the District 
of Columbia. This county lies east of the Blue Ridge 
and its lands are of about the same nature as those 
of Appomattox, Charlotte and Buckingham counties, 
in Virginia. At the time above mentioned the same 
conditions prevailed there as now in the last named 
counties. There were galls and gullies. The rotation 
of crops was corn, tobacco and pines the prevailing 
crop of grass was broom sedge. A few years after 
the war Pennsylvania farmers began to purchase this 
land at from five to fifteen dollars per acre. In the 
course of a few years they had bought up the larger 
part of the county. They adopted a system of lim- 
ing. They had to have their lime shipped from 40 to 



392 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



70 miles. So extensive was the shipment of lime 
that the B. & 0. R. R. was compelled to construct 
boiler iron box cars. They first, as you suggest, tried 
to ship unslaked lime in bulk in wooden cars. After 
having a number of them destroyed by fire from the 
lime slaking they adopted the boiler iron cars. I don't 
know whether there is a railroad in the State of Vir- 
ginia that would undertake to ship unslaked lime in 
bulk and to have it barreled would be too expensive. 
But to my subject. Montgomery county, Md., to-day 
and for 25 years has been one of the most productive 
counties in the State of Maryland. When you travel 
through it now it rivals the best glue grass regions of 
Kentucky. Blue grass has taken the place of broom- 
sedge. Clover and timothy has replaced the scrub 
pines, fine bank barns stand where the old log stable 
used to stand. Instead of starvation staring you in 
the face plenty and prosperity is seen on every hand. 

The conditions under which this country was trans- 
formed from a poverty stricken waste to a prosperous 
and productive country were not such as prevail in 
the South to-day. Those people never heard of acid 
phosphate and never saw cow peas. They used noth- 
ing but lime and barnyard manure. They depended 
upon the lime to draw the potash from the sand in the 
soil and the phosphorus from the oxide of iron of 
which all of our land has an abundance. 

Shifting the scene to different conditions of soil. 
There is a large tract of country lying between Bal- 
timore, Md., and Wilmington, Del., that 40 years 
ago was entirely worthless. It was a low, wet, 
swampy country just such land as is to be found 
around Newport News, and much of the coast region 
of Virginia. By the use of lime and proper drain- 
age this land to-day is producing from one and a half 
to two tons of the best timothy hay to the acre that 
goes on the Baltimore market. This, sir, is not the- 
ory. With fifteen years of such experience and ob- 
servation as but few men have had in a canvas from 
house to house for ten years on every farm on which 
grain or grass was grown over all the Middle States, 
from Georgia to Western New York, that one could 
possibly reach, I think I have a fair idea of what re- 
sults must follow the judicious treatment of any soil 
that has come under my observation in. Eastern Vir- 
ginia. 

I have seen soils treated with from ten to two hun- 
dred bushels of lime per acre, but I have failed to see 
a piece of land over-limed yet. The idea of over lim- 
ing only originates in men's imagination. 

That lime is not a direct plant food I admit to a 
very great extent, but that it renders plant food avail- 



able in the mineral substances that compose all soils 
and is nature's great plan for supplying food for 
vegetation is a fact based on natural law. You must 
admit that sandy soils are rich in potash and that 
lime will dissolve this sand and allow it to give up 
its potash as a plant food. It is no less a fact that red 
clay soils are rich in phosphorus. Lime will act so 
as to render the phosphorous available as a plant 
food. The moment these elements are rendered avail- 
able instead of diminishing the humus in the soil 
they commence to store up in the soil for future 
use all that the plant does not require for its growth 
and development. The greatest destroyer of humus 
in our soils is sulphuric acid used in dissolving the 
South Carolina rock, the source of most of our acid 
phosphate. Manufacturers claim it is all neutralized 
but the claim is not a correct one. This acid has de- 
stroyed more humus in the soils of East Virginia 
than all other agents combined. Its greatest destruc- 
tion takes place in soils poor in alkali. Those rich 
in alkali will neutralize this acid before it can do 
so much damage. The man who spends his money for 
acid phosphates to apply on lands that are poor in 
alkali adds fuel to the fire and is rendering himself 
and his land poorer every application he makes. The 
same is true of the man who turns under a crop of 
cow peas or any other vegetation in a green state. 

Method in doing work is the direct result of 
thought on the same principal as method in hitting 
the mark results from shooting straight. The man 
who stands off and gives directions is not as likely 
to hit the mark as the fellow who holds the gun, 
neither is the man so competent to advise on the best 
method of applying lime to land who has never tried 
it himself as the man at the end of the shovel. 

Bedford Co., Va. Otho Hull. 

Whilst we rank ourselves as amongst the most 
enthusiastic advocates of the use of lime as an im- 
prover of the soil and have proved our faith by our 
works by having been persistent users of lime even to 
the extent of applying it at the rate of four or five 
tons to the acre once in each rotation of crops, yet 
we are unable to agree with our correspondent that 
ovelrliming is practically impossible. Recent re- 
search and experiments have conclusively in our 
opinion proved that moderate applications of lime, 
say up to 50 bushels to the acre applied every three 
or four years, are more beneficial and perform all 
the work needed in the amelioration of the soil better 
than excessive applications. The beneficial action of 
lime is not exclusively confined to its power to make 
available the potash and phosphates in the soil. It 



1904.1 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



393 



acts also as a restorer of alkalinity in the soil and in 
* this way permits of the multiplication of the soil 
microbes on the action of which largely depends the 
fertility of land. These cannot exist or multiply in 
an acid soil. It also acts mechanically and physi- 
cally rendering a heavy soil lighter and a light soil 
more cohesive. Whilst we believe that lime is more 
needed on nearly all the land of the South than even 
acid phosphate or any other fertilizer as all the anal- 
yses of soils made go to show a large accumulation of 
both phosphoric acid and potash in nearly all soils 
greatly in excess of crop requirements for years to 
come if made available, yet we cannot join in our 
correspondent's condemnation of the iise of acid phos- 
phate because of the fact that sulphuric acid is used 
in the making of it. We believe that little if any 
injury results from the acid. When the acid is 
poured on the ground rock and mixed with it the 
phosphoric acid in the rock is set free and the lime 
the other element in the rock unites with the acid 
and becomes sulphate of lime exactly the same sub- 
stance which is sold as land plaster and is applied in 
large quantities and with excellent effect on some 
lands. Rock or shell lime is chemically carbonate 
of lime. Plaster is sulphate of lime, and they both 
are valuable as sweeteners of the soil and as solvents 
of inert plant food. If in the acid phosphate applied 
to land there is any free acid, that is to say if the 
fertilizer manufacturer has wasted sulphuric acid by 
applying to the rock more acid than the lime will ap- 
propriate in its conversion into sulphate of lime this 
free acid has such an affinity for combination that as 
soon as it gets into the soil it unites with some min- 
eral base therein and becomes fixed and does not burn 
up the humus or vegetable matter in the soil. 
Hence the use of acid phosphate is never attended 
with danger to the crop though it may in some cases 
amount to a waste of material and lime might much 
more profitably be applied to set free the abundance 
of phosphoric acid existing in the soil. We are also 
not able to agree with our correspondent's views as 
to the relative richness of potash in sandy and clay 
soils. Analysis goes to show that clay soils are as 
a rule much richer in potash than sandy soils and 
especially is this true of the clay soils of the Pied- 
mont sections of the Southern States. Clay soils are 
a product of the decomposition of silicates and con- 
tain alkalis and alumina. Lime combines with the 
silicic ftcirl and sets free the potash. This action, 
of course, takes place in all soils whether sandy or 
Hay and the relative benefit from its use depends tc 
a considerable extent upon the natural potash and 



phosphate content of the soil, though not solely con- 
fined to this action as above pointed out. If we can 
only induce Southern farmers to use lime freely 
and to grow humus making crops there is no doubt 
but that our lands will improve as fast as those of 
Maryland and Delaware did under similar treatment. 
We note that one of the largest and most successful 
corn growers in Pennsylvania, Mr. Long, of Lebanon 
county, is one of the most extensive lime users in 
the State, although his farm is on a limestone for- 
mation. Every acre of his 500-acre farm has had at 
least 1000 bushels slaked lime applied to it during 
the past 20 years. Lime is applied to grass lands 
with a manure spreader, any time after wheat har- 
vest up to April 1. All the lime used is burned on 
the farm. The limestone is picked up from the 
fields.- — Ed. 



SOME RANDOM NOTES ON MAY NUMBER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

One of your subscribers, referring to my letter in 
your May number, says that he likes the way I 
write. I am always glad to know that people ap- 
prove of what I contribute, and hope that any sugges- 
tions I may make will be of value to many. 

SORGHUM AS A FORAGE CROP. 

One of the greatest values of sorghum as a forage 
crop comes from the ease with which it may be kept 
all winter. It is especially valuable to those who 
are short of house room, for while it never really 
cures in the same way that Indian corn does, it can be 
shocked up in an upright shape out of doors, and will 
keep in a succulent state all winter through, and will 
be a very acceptable addition to the feed on account 
of its not curing, but keeping in a sweet and succu- 
lent state. Still to those who have a silo I cannot 
think that sorghum has a special value, since it is 
merely a carbonaceous feed, and we need more pro- 
tein feeds to supplement the corn, which is the great- 
est of all carbonaceous feed materials in this coun- 
try. And not only this, but we need the legumes 
rather than crops that are exhaustive in their nature. 

COW PEAS AS A HAY CROP. 

The Arkansas Station is evidently under local 
conditions that do not prevail to the same extent in 
lower altitudes in the same latitude, for they say 
that the Unknown or Wonderful pea failed to ma- 
ture or even to bloom. Hence, while their conclu- 
sions may be all right as based on their conditions, 
they do not agree with my experience. They say 
that cow peas in a vigorous state of growth are hard 



394 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



to cure. I have cut them at all stages and have 
never had any difficulty in curing them at any stage 
of growth. But it is true that the best time to cure 
them is when mature to the extent of the pods turn- 
ing yellow. At that time some here succeed in 
curing them by shocking as fast as cut and letting 
them cure in the shock perfectly. I prefer my own 
method as making less damaged hay or at least hay 
of a better color. They say that late, shallow culture 
prolongs the season of growth. True, but if the 
crop is for hay, it should never be cultivated, but be 
sown broadcast. I have tried the row and cultivat- 
ing plan and got a heavy growth, but the vines 
tumbled across the rows flat on the ground, and the 
mower failed to get them so that we had to go through 
with hand scythes and cut them loose from the rows. 
Therefore, if for hay, I would never put them in 
rows. Here, if the crop is left till one-third of the 
pods are perfectly ripe there will be a great, loss of 
leaves, for they begin to drop as soon as the pods 
ripen. The very late varieties are harder to cure 
than the earlier ones, since the weather late in the 
season is apt not to be so favorable and the hay must 
be left out longer. They say that varieties produc- 
ing the heaviest crop of peas are most easily cured 
into bay, while those producing a few peas or none 
at all, were the most difficult to cure, since they ha- 
bitually continue in vigorous growth until checked 
by frost. This may be true under the conditions up 
at Fayetteville. But the earlier ones which make 
a heavy crop in proportion to growth make a smaller 
yield of hay than those like the Unknown (Wonder- 
ful), which, where they mature, will make a very 
heavy crop of peas and a far heavier crop of hay 
than the earlier sorts that make less vine. Cow 
peas must be of such sorts as are adapted to the 
climatic conditions whore they are grown. Where 
the summer is long enough there is no variety that 
will surpass the Unknown ( Wonderful) in yield, 
and where it fails to mature or even to bloom, as it 
did at Fayetteville, it should not be used. 

SAWDUST. 

Is it not odd how often that query about sawdust 
as a manure comes up ? I should suppose that a 
little thought on the part of any one in regard to the 
nature of sawdust would settle the matter, but week 
after week the same query comes from people who 
have a big pile of sawdust handy. I have found it a 
poor thing when used as an absorbent for manure, 
and have compared it with manure in which other 
absorbents were used, and I would hardly haul saw- 
dust manure as a gift. 



SALT, SULPHUR AND LIME MIXTURE. 

The best thing in connection with this is the dis- 
covery that it is just as effective if the sulphur and 
lime are slaked together, 40 pounds of lime and 20 
pounds of sulphur, with 16 pounds of salt added 
after slaking, and then diluted with 60 gallons of 
water and used at once as though boiled, as most of 
the Entomologists insist is needed. There is no 
longer any need for the troublesome and tedious 
boiling, for the lime will make all the heat needed in 
its slaking. 

GINSENG. 

Doubtless there is money in ginseng to those who 
are engaged in selling plants and seed to those who 
expect to make money in the maturing of the roots, 
but whether there wilt be money in it to those I think 
is doubtful. Certainly not in the warmer parts of 
the South away from the mountain country where it 
grows naturally. 

TOBACCO FERTILIZER. 

Your Dinwiddie county correspondent says that 
he used a fertilizer containing 2 per cent, nitrogen, 
9 per cent, phosphoric acid and 2 per cent, potash. 
Being a manufactured article, there is no knowing 
what the source of the potash was, and in my opinion 
from considerable experience in fertilizing tobacco, 
he had too much phosphoric acid and far too little 
potash in the mixture. One reason why some fail 
in growing tobacco after a legume crop is that they 
overlook the fact that the legumes have left a large 
amount of organic nitrogen in the soil, and apply the 
usual amount in the fertilizer and get a coarse to- 
bacco. I would never use more than 6 per cent, of 
phosphoric acid nor less than 10 per cent of potash 
from high grade sulphate for tobacco. If after a 
legume crop 2 per cent, of nitrogen will be enough, 
but if not, then nitrogen in the form of dried blood 
and nitrate of soda should be added. 

NAVY BEANS. 

You are right in saying that the crop can be 
grown in the South, but they will never be as profit- 
able here as in the North, because of the large per- 
centage of damaged beans from the great humidity 
in our atmosphere in our July and August weather. 
The little bush Limas can, however, be made a 
profitable crop here I believe. 

VELVET BEANS. 

Down in the southeast corner of this State they 
claim that the great mass of the velvet bean is easier 
saved and easier cured than cow peas. It is hard for 
me to realize this, however. But they are planted so 
wide apart that there are fewer attachments to the 



L904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



395 



soil and the mass is more easily loosened and rolled 
into windrows. But from here northward there is 
little value in the velvet bean. 

HOLSTEINS AND JEKSEYS. 

Though it has been years since I was actively en- 
gaged in dairy work my experience is similar to what 
Mr. St. Pierre suggests. I had both breeds, and I 
found that I could get better results from the same 
amount of food fed to Jerseys than I could from 
Holsteins. Just now there is a disposition to boom 
the Holstein as a dual purpose animal just as though 
mere size was all that is needed to make a beef 
animal. If the Holstein is bred, as she should be, to 
a perfect dairy type she cannot be at the same time 
a good beef animal, and no breed on earth can be at 
the same time the best for dairy and the best for beef. 
The Holstein breeders had better be satisfied with 
making a fine dairy producer and let the beef men 
breed the beef animals. There are doubtless dual 
purpose animals, but they are not first class in either 
purpose, only part dairy and part beef, and they 
suit only those who are neither dairy men nor beef 
men, but are satisfied with an " 'arf and 'arf" cow. 

W. E. Massey, 
Editor of Practical Farmer. 



FARMING AS A BUSINESS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In answer to "Virginian," permit me to say that I 
am following exactly the course advocated in my arti- 
cle on "Farming as a Business." I am doing this 
not on sand, but on lands with a good clay foundation. 

I have also tried harvesting the pea crop as sug- 
gested by "Virginian." I had 35 acres of cow peas 
last year that would have yielded about 3 tons of hay 
per acre. Tried to mow the mass of tangled vines, 
standing nearly four feet high, and so thick that I 
could hardly walk through. The wheels and blades 
of the mower sank so deep into the soil, made mellow 
by the luxurious vegetation, that the machine would 
not work. Tried every way known to me, hired even 
men with blades, and had to give it up. 

"Virginian" is correct in saying that peas do not 
require lime, yet if untreated rock lime is to be used 
on the land, I prefer to spread part in the spring for 
the winter crop. If "Virginian" should ever use 
acid phosphate or potash on any crop he would de- 
stroy every bit of vegetation. He probably means 
"phosphorus and potassium," which are very dif- 
ferent articles. For information as to their use, I 
r<-A(-,r to my previous article. As to cost of lime, I 



beg to refer "Virginian" to an article by Mr. Otho 
Hull in the April issue of the Southern Planter. 
As to keeping a lot of stock as a means of improving 
the farm, I beg to submit that I have tried this also, 
and the lesson has cost me a good many thousand dol- 
lars. I repeat, don't do it. Improve your farm, 
plant as many acres as you can to alfalfa and grass 
for hay and lay down your pasture to tame grass be- 
fore attempting to keep more stock than absolutely 
necessary. Broom straw and Bermuda pastures in 
this State are late in coming and early in quitting. 
Don't go into the live stock business until your farm 
produces an abundance of feed for it. Don't put the 
cart before the horse. 

It is of no use to try to improve a farm by poor 
crops of peas yielding perhaps a ton of dry matter 
to the acre. It is better to sow fewer acres to peas 
and fertilize these heavier. If you have a way of 
harvesting the pea hay, and if you find that the cost 
of harvesting, feeding and of hauling and spreading 
the manure is no greater than the profit, by all means 
do so. It is an easy matter to figure the cost. But 
bear in mind that pea hay is not easily cured, that it 
spoils readily, that if you have a fair crop it is ex- 
tremely difficult to cut and to handle. It costs money 
also to haul and spread such quantities of manure. 
Theoretically, it is correct to feed the crop. In prac- 
tice, I have found it cheaper to plow the peas under. 
Beware also of depending too much upon your pea 
hay to feed your stock, because of the difficulty of 
properly curing it. 

The great inducement for men to buy run down 
lands in the South has been and still is the erroneous 
belief that they are getting something cheap. Had 
they considered that the value of land consists only 
in its productiveness and fertility many disappoint- 
ments would have been avoided. Land yielding 50 
bushels of corn or from 3 to 4 tons of hay in Vir- 
ginia will yield higher profit than Western lands 
equally productive because of the higher market 
price of the products. If lands here can be made to 
yield such crops, and I know that it can be done, the 
quicker it is done the better. Time is money. If 
the work can be done in two years, it is poor business 
to waste a lifetime at it. IT. 

Hanover Co., Va. 



SOY BEANS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The soy bean is one of the richest, if not the rich- 
est, of all the beans in fat and flesh forming matter. 



396 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



Not like cow peas, rich in protein and poor in fat, or 
corn rich in fat and poor in protein, but rich all 
around as we want it, especially for milch cows and 
growing stock. 

Bulletin 58, page 14, Department of Agriculture, 
says : Soy beans contain almost 2 1-2 times as much 
digestible protein and over 5 times as much fat as 
common roller process wheat bran. 

They contain three times as much crude protein 
and nearly 3 1-2 times as much fat as oats. Nearly 
3 1-2 times as much protein and about 3 times as 
much fat as corn. 

Soy beans resist drouth and water damage and are 
consequently, under ordinary circumstances, surer to 
succeed than most other crops. 

The following table of comparative values will 
throw light on the subject: 
Soy beans cut and cured for hay contain : 

Protein, 15.4 per cent, (flesh and muscle forming 
matter) ; carbohydrates, 38.6 per cent, (fat and heat 
producing matter) ; fat, 1.5 per cent. 

Threshed seeds contain: Per cent. 

Protein 34.09 

Carbohydrates 28.08 

Fat 16.09 

Cow peas cut and cured for hay contain : Per cent. 

Protein 16.6 

Carbohydrates 42. 

Fat 1.5 

Threshed seeds contain: Per cent. 

Protein 28.8 

Carbohydrates 55. 

Fat 1.7 

Authorities differ as to the contents of soy beans 
and cow peas. One authority places the protein in 
cow peas at 20.2 per cent. The above may be consid- 
ered a fair average. The yield of soy beans is another 
thing in their favor. At the North Carolina Experi- 
ment Station an acre produced 2 1-2 tons of well 
cured soy bean hay, while an acre of cow peas, under 
similar conditions, produced less than a ton. 

The soy bean is a legume and draws its nitrogen 
principally from the air. Hence the large yield 
makes it one of the best crops to be turned down for 
improving the soil. 

100 BUSHELS PER ACRE. 

Mr. James Bellwood, of "Virginia, reports that he 
grew on rich bottom land over 100 bushels of soy 
beans per acre. 

SOY BEANS AS A BALANCE. 

At the Kansas Experiment Station one part soy 



beans and five parts Kaffir corn mixed made double 
the amount of pork over Kaffir corn alone. 

One part soy beans to three parts of corn will large- 
ly increase the feeding value of the corn. 

If soy bean hay be mixed with corn fodder, shred- 
ded corn stalks or timothy hay, half and half, a great 
saving will be effected over feeding the different foods 
separately. There appear to be at least three varie- 
ties of the soy bean — the Early Yellow, the Medium 
Green and Mammoth. The Medium Green is a good 
all round variety, but at the Kansas Experiment Sta- 
tion the Early Yellow gave the best satisfaction. 

TIME AND METHOD OF PLANTING. 

For hay soy beans may be planted in drills 2 1-2 to 
3 feet apart as early in the season as the weather will 
fiamit of, say, about the 15th of May. Single seeds 
may be dropped in the drills from 1 to 3 inches apart. 

Cut while in bloom or soon after the pods form. 

A mixture of soy beans and Kaffir corn, 3 to 5 seeds 
of each per foot, makes an excellent hay. If planted 
early the hay harvest will come off about the 15th of 
August, when we are apt to have fine weather for 
curing. 

For seed they may be planted in drills 3 feet apart 
from May 15th to July 10th. Single plants may be 
left in the drills 12 to 18 inches apart. The soy bean 
is a bushy, upright plant from 3 to 5 feet high and 
requires distance. Late beans, to mature a little be- 
fore frost, are not apt to be molested by weevils. 

The large percentage of fat in soy beans is apt to 
cause them to heat in bulk, thus destroying their vital- 
ity. Therefore they should remain in the hull until 
thoroughly cured. 

Whether soy beans be grown for hay or seed, culti- 
vation is desirable. If soy beans be used for human 
food, they should be soaked in water and the hulls re- 
moved ; thus treated they make an excellent soup. In 
their natural state they appear to be too strong. 

The ranker the growth, the more nitrogen will be 
drawn from the air. Therefore it pays to fertilize 
liberally. 

FERTILIZER FOR SOY BEANS. 

Mix 400 pounds of muriate of potash with 1,600 
pounds of acid phosphate, and apply of the mixture 
in the drills, preferably a few weeks before seeding, 
400 to 600 pounds per acre, mix with the soil and 
plant as aforesaid. Bryon Tyson. 

Moore Co., N. C. 

In our experience soy beans should not be planted 
in this State later than 20th June to make a good 
seed crop. They are slow to mature. Planted up to 
July 10th they will make a hay crop. — Ed. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



397 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 



Enquiries should be sent to the office of The SoirrotEBN 
Planter, Richmond, Va., not later than the 15th of the 
month for replies to appear in the next month's issue. 



Rotation of Crops. 

I read with great interest the enquiry from Dr. T. 
T. Arnold, of King George county, on "Rotation of 
Crops,'*' and your reply thereto. As you made him 
many good suggestions, I will give you my rotation 
and wish you would treat me likewise. 

First year, corn land in wheat, after wheat is 
threshed (usually by the 20th of June) sow in peas, 
cut peas for hay (after picking) and sow this stubble 
in red clover and red top after a thorough disc har- 
rowing and rolling. Second year, mow red clover 
and plow after mowing and sow in peas. Cut peas 
and sow German clover. Third year, fallow German 
clover in and use 300 pounds per acre of 12-2 fertil- 
izer for corn. 

I have been trying this rotation for about eight 
years and my land is improving very fast, with but 
little cost. You will see I only cut the red clover 
once, as our land is a light loam, and if I were to leave 
the red clover until the second year it would be more 
broom straw than clover, and the peas will make me 
far more hay than the second cutting of clover. I 
am glad to say my farm is not a large one, therefore, 
for greater convenience I have it cut up into lots rang- 
ing from five to eight acres (except standing pasture). 
I have learned from experience that large fields are a 
disadvantage now that labor is so scarce and inferior. 
I plow a little deeper each time. I have not tried sub- 
soiling, but will when I turn down my German clover 
for corn. I might add I put all my manure on the 
German clover and try to cover one of these lots every 
winter, hauling it right from the stables, 

Richmond Co., Va. W. Gray Brockenbrottgh. 

Yon have adopted a rotation which is bound to im- 
prove your land and result in good crops. The only 
suggestion we would make is that you give the land 
a dressing of lime, say 25 to 50 bushels to the acre 
once in the rotation. We would apply this after plow- 
ing the pea stubble and before seeding the German 
clover. We think you will find subsoiling to help 
you. — Ed. 



Curing Clover Hay. 

In enclose you an article clipped from the Farm 
Journal, of Philadelphia, entitled, "The experience 
of a veteran with clover hay." I learned fifty- three 
year* ago to cut clover when in bloom. Cut in the 
forenoon, ntir thoroughly and be sure it has all wilted. 



Do not allow any of it to go into the barn with any 
dampness, dew or rain. 

Commence hauling right after dinner ; three or 
four hours after cutting is long enough for it to wilt. 
Keep cutting day after day and be sure that no salt is 
allowed on hay of any kind. It does great damage to 
the hay ; it turns it black and produces a disagreeable 
smell. 

When it is put into the barn, as I tell you without 
salt, it comes out in the winter with green leaves and 
pink bloom, just the same color as it went into the 
barn. Butter made from cows that are fed on such 
hay will be yellow, same as butter from grass. 

Cut your timothy hay when it is in bloom, put it 
in the same as clover. I have been doing this kind of 
haying all my life. Never lost a pound of hay and I 
cannot get, nor ever have gotten, more than five men 
to practice this mode, and they could not be hired to 
practice the old style — dry it a week. There are some 
men on the prairies who start their mower as soon as 
the dew is off, and in a few hours start their wagons 
to hauling to barns or stacks, and their hay is worth 
one-third more than that which has been dried to 
death. Any man who tries it once will never go back. 

Cobden, III. S. W. Beckwith. 

Having never tried this method of curing hay I 
would be glad to have your opinion and experience on 
the subject. Could such a method of curing hay be 
successfully practiced here in Midland Virginia ? 
Would not the hay cured in this way become so heated 
and afterwards molded as to destroy its value as food 
for stock ? Please answer through the columns of the 
Southern Planter in the June issue if you can, 
and oblige a subscriber. Chas. M. Moss. 

Louisa Co., Va. 

We have given our views on the proper method of 
curing clover and grass in our article on "Work for 
the Month" in this issue. This is based on a 35 years 
experience in curing hundreds of tons of hay. The 
advice to cut when in bloom is good also the advice 
not to use salt and the advice not to haul when damp 
with rain or dew, but we cannot endorse the advice to 
haul into barn as soon as wilted. Something more 
than mere wilting is necessary. It must be sufficient- 
ly dried to reduce the watery sap natural in the plant 
to such a minimum as will prevent overheating in 
the mow after it is hauled. To put it in a mow only 
just wilted would be likely to make good silage but 
very poor hay. — Ed. 

Will you please give me some advice as to what to 
do with a field now in wheat. I expect to put it in 
grass in the fall. Shall I have to leave it bare during 
the summer ? W. H. Randolph. 

Montgomery Co., Va. 

The field should not be left bare. Cut the stubble 



398 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



up with the disc harrow as soon as the wheat is cut 
and sow in cow peas. This will make either a seed 
crop, a grazing crop for hogs, or the vines may be 
cut for hay in time to seed with grass in the fall. — Ed. 



Burmuda Grass. 

Could you please tell me in uext issue of Planter 
whether there is any material difference between the 
genuine Bermuda grass and what we in Eastern Vir- 
ginia call Wire grass ? W. V. N. 

Westmoreland Co., Va. 

Southern wire grass and Bermuda are the same. 
The grass known in the Middle and Northern States 
as wire grass or quack grass is not the same Ber- 
muda. Some of this Northern wire grass is to be 
found here and there in some of the Eastern States. 
Genuine Bermuda is a semi-tropical grass and will 
not grow far north of this State. The winters kill it 
out. — Ed. 



Grass for Name. 

Please find enclosed a sample of grass for name. 
Is it of any value, and if so, how many seed would 
be required per acre ? P. H. Burton. 

King and Queen Co., Va. 

The grass is Wild Rye. It has some value as a 
pasture grass but we are not aware that you can buy 
the seed anywhere. — Ed. 



Best Laying Hens— Peas and Sorghum— Cow Pea. 
Storing Turnips — Profitable Crops for Late Sow- 
ing—Beet Cutter. 

1. Last fall I noticed the reports of some egg lay- 
ing contests in Australia, in which Buff Orpingtons 
and White Wyandottes took a leading part. The Or- 
pingtons particularly seemed to take the lead. Why 
are all these egg laying contests held in Australia ? 
We like the Wyandottes but all white chickens are 
hard to raise. Are the Buff Orpingtons as good or 
better layers than the Wyandottes as raised in this 
country ? 

.2 In sowing peas and sorghum together in rows 
for hay would you use a wheat drill, a corn planter, 
or what ? 

3. Will peas sown thus in rows do the land as much 
good as if sown broadcast ? 

4. What is the best variety of peas to sow with 
sorghum, for hay, when sown as late as June 15th to 
30th? 

5. I noticed in last month's Planter it is recom- 
mended that turnips, to be kept over winter, be piled 
on two sides of a fence and covered with fodder. Why 
will not piling in a long ridge do just as well ? 

6. What is the most profitable garden or farm crop 



that can be planted as late as June or July, where no 
stock are kept, and the crop must be marketed % 

7. Is there a machine made for cutting up beets, 
etc., for stock, and where may it be obtained ? 

"Three sV 

1. The egg laying contests in Australia are pro- 
moted by one of the leading newspapers in the colony 
and are an annual institution there. We have just 
received the report of the contest for 1903-'04. In 
our poultry columns you will find a summary of the 
results. The White Wyandottes come first, Black 
Orpingtons second. Buff Orpingtons are low down 
on the list but they do not appear to be a breed much 
kept there. We have some excellent reports of their 
work here. _. 

2. We would sow the peas and sorghum with the 
wheat drill. If we were prepared to work the crop 
which is advisable for the best results, we would stop 
up sufficient spouts in the drill to sow the crop wide 
enough apart in the rows to permit cultivation. 

3. Yes. They will make a sufficiently heavy 
growth to cover and shade all the land and thus pro- 
mote nitrification whilst the stronger growth will re- 
sult in more nitrogen nodules on the roots. 

4. The Clay or Whippoorwill. 

5. We do not know why the writer of the article ad- 
vises storing on both sides of a fence except it be to 
keep the pie from settling too closely. We never 
stored turnips with the tops on as there advised. We 
have made hundreds of pies of turnips without the 
tops and in doing this work desired that they should 
pack as closely as possible. 

6. This is a difficult question to answer. Possibly 
a cow pea crop grown for the seed under the condi- 
tions named that is with no stock to consume the 
waste. Cow peas always sell well. This year they 
are very scarce and dear. In suggesting this crop we 
take into account not only the value of the peas but 
the value of the vines and roots as improvers of the 
land. For a garden or truck crop probably a cucum- 
ber pickle crop would be as profitable as any, though 
possibly in a section where a late crop of Irish pota- 
toes could be grown this would run it close, as second 
crop Irish potatoes always sell well for seed. 

7. Yes. The implement dealers in this city whose 
ads. you will find in this issue sell the machine. — 
Ed. 



Applying Nitrate of Soda— Irish Potatoes. 

I have about 85 acres in cotton, 40 in watermel- 
ons, 8 in cantaloupes and 2 in cucumbers. When 
planted I applied about 700 pounds of a mixture of 



1901. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



399 



cotton seed meal, kainit and acid to the cotton. I put 
I 600 pounds of Boids Animal Bone on watermelons 
and 800 of the same to cantaloupes and cucumbers. 
I am thinking of applying nitrate of soda to these 
crops mixed with cotton seed meal, 100 pounds of 
each to the acre. Will this he advisable, if so when ? 
Is there any danger of injuring the land by using this 
amount of soda ? I have a large crop of early Irish 
potatoes which will soon be ready to ship. Can you 
give me some ideas in regard to saving and shipping ? 
When is best time to dig and what kind of barrels to 
use ? At what price ought they to sell ? 

A Stjbsriber. 
The party sending the above enquiry neither signs 
his name nor gives his address. We have repeatedly 
stated that we must decline to reply to queries where 
the name and address of the writer is not given and 
should have followed this course in this instance, but 
desired to use the case as an illustration of the neces- 
sity of the rule. In this case we are asked to advise 
as to the sale of early Irish potatoes when we do not 
know where they were grown. It is impossible for us 
to advise intelligently in such a case. The most we 
can say is ship them to a Northern market as soon as 
they are fit to dig. Ship in barrels. As to the nitrate 
of soda and cotton seed meal proposed to be used as a 
top dressing we would advise the use of the nitrate 
of soda alone. The cotton seed meal will be practi- 
cally wasted. Nitrate of soda will not injure land 
and will greatly help the growth of the crops. — Ed. 



handling apple cider (crop 1903) so as to convert it 
into vinegar of good quality ? 

2. Is spring or fall the best time to sow alfalfa ? 

Culpeper Co., Va. A. Y. Park. 

1. Send to the Experiment Station, Blacksburg, 
Va., for their Bulletins on cider vinegar making. 
These will give you the fullest and best information. 

2. In all except the mountain sections of the South 
the fall is the best time to seed alfalfa. In the moun- 
tains seed in spring. — Ed. 



Celery Growing— Irish Potatoes. 

1. When should celery seed be put in hot bed for 
fall planting? 

2. What sort of land and fertilizer will make best 
results ? 

3. How many bushel? of Irish potatoes does it take 
to plant an acre? 

4. Please give me name of best variety for this 
section % Mrs. R. H. Wilson. 

Charlotte Co., Va. 

1. In this issue in the article ''Work for the Month" 
in the garden department you will find advice as to 
sowing celery seed. The plants should not be raised 
in a hot bed hut in the open air. 

2. In our next issue we will say something as to the 
land and fertilizer required by this crop. 

3. Eight to ten bushels. 

4. Improved Peach Blow, Rural New Yorker No. 
2. Burba nk. Peerless. 



Vinegar Making— Sowing Alfalfa. 

1. Please give in your next issue a good method of 



Wolf Teeth in Horses. 

Is there such a thing as wolf teeth in a colts mcuth 
and ought they to be knocked out ? 

Lancaster Co., Va. J. E. Cornell. 

Yes, sometimes but not frequently. Wolf teeth 
are small supernumerary teeth which make their ap- 
pearance just anterior to the first molar. They cause 
no inconvenience or injury to the horse. If it is de- 
cided to remove them a small pair of forceps should 
be used, 
good. — Ed. 



Knocking them off is cruel and does no 



Worms in Turkeys. 

Please tell me if you can in your next Planter 
some remedy for the long flat worm, presumably tape, 
in young turkeys ? I lose some every year from this 
trouble. They commence to droop at the age of six 
weeks, have enormous appetites and death soon fol- 
lows. Mrs. W. T. Brockenbrotjgh. 

Lancaster Co., Va. 

Mix some turpentine in their food. If they will 
not eat it then make it into pellets and cram it down 
their throats. A drop or two in each pellet is suffi- 
cient at one time. It is best fed to them on an empty 
stomach. — Ed. 



Lime — Alfalfa. 

Please answer the following enquiries in your next 
issue : 

1. Where can I get lime or land plaster? How 
much is it per ton ? Can I get it by the bags or bar- 
rels ? Can the lime be sowed with other fertilizers ? 

2. When is the best time for sowing alfalfa ? How 
much per acre and what preparation ? 

S. E. Beale. 
1 . Lime is advertised in our columns by a number 
of parties. Write them for quotations. The cheap- 
est way to buy it is in bulk in carload lots. Eor agri- 
cultural purposes it ought always to be bought in this 
way. You should buy it at about $3 per ton at most. 
We have information that it can be bought for this 
price delivered in Southside Virginia. 



400 



THE SOUTHERN PLAKTER 



[June,, 



2. The fall for all sections of the South except in 
the mountains. We hope to deal fully with this ques- 
tion in our next issue. — Ed. 



Vinegar Making— Tanning a Hide. 

Will you kindly let me know through your paper 
what is the best way to turn cider to vinegar ? Also 
the best way to tan a hide and retain the hair on it ? 

Albemarle Co., Va. C. I. H. C. 

Send to the Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks- 
burg, for their Bulletins on Cider Vinegar making. 
These will give you much fuller information on the 
subject than we can find space for. 

The hide can be preserved so that the hair will not 
'come off by sprinkling the inside with a mixture of 
two parts saltpeter and one part of alum. Pulverize 
finely and sprinkle all over the flesh side. Fold the 
skin flesh side to flesh side and roll up and let lie a 
■day or two, then with a dull knife remove the meat 
and fat if any on the skin and hang to dry. When 
about half dry rub and work to make the skin supple 
and continue this at intervals until the skin is dry. 
—Ed. 



Abnormal Growth of Irish Potatoes. 

I send by this same mail a potato set that is caus- 
ing a good deal of amusement among our farmers. 
As you will see there are three well formed young 
potatoes attached but no sign of leaves or vines, nor 
has there ever been. This is not a single sporadic 
case, as one farmer in preparing to plant corn in ap- 
parently dead hills found as many as ten successive 
Hills filled with these potatoes. We wish to ask an 
explanation for this. How can the young potatoes be 
so well developed with no leaves at all? Will they 
continue to grow, or as soon as the original piece is 
exhausted will they die ? What a fine variety it would 
be if they will continue to grow. For once we would 
have the advantage of the bugs! I have replanted 
t 'ome to see how long they will grow and what sort of 
crop the anti-bug potato will prove. 

Smyth Co.. Va. K C. Prestox. 

We have seen a similar abnormal growth of Irish 
potatoes several times before but are unable to explain 
it. Evidently the young potatoes obtain their nour- 
ishment from the old set which instead of producing 
a vine and leaves is thus using up its substance. When 
this is finished the young potatoes must cease to grow 
any larger as they have neither roots nor leaves to 
convey nourishment to them. We are afraid there is 
no chance of perpetuating the variety and thus get- 
ting ahead of the bugs, as no plant can live long with- 
out leaves. They are the lungs of the plant. — Ed. 



Hogs in Orchard— Fertilizer for Beans— Dairy Cow. 

1. I have a young orchard sowed in clover, trees 
two and five years old, and would like to turn my 
hogs in the same, but have no time to fence around 
each tree, could I wash the trees with something that 
the hogs wouldn't touch them \ 

2. What's the cheapest and best fertilizer for beans 
(navy) ? 

3. Would you advise to raise a calf for milk cow 
from a young cow but two years old ? The calf is mice 
and strong. Jno. Girett. 

Lunenburg Co., Va. 

1. We know no wash ithat could be applied to the 
young trees that would prevent the hogs injuring 
them. The easiest and cheapest way to protect therm 
is to buy a few yards of wire poultry netting and cut 
it into strips about four inches wide and put one these- 
strips around each tree just doubling the wire ends 
into each other. The wire only cost about 4 cents per 
yard! and a yard would make a protector for eight or 
nine trees which could be put on in a few minutes. 

2. Use acid phosphate and muriate of potash, say 
300 pounds of phosphate and 50 pounds of potash per 
acre.. 

3. Yes, if the mother and sire of the calf are of 
good dairy type and form. — Eik 



Preparation for Corn Crop. 

I have a field that is planted in corn this spring, 
very good land, and it is desirable to plant it again 
next season, in corn, which is contrary to our usual 
rotation here, and would be glad to know if it would 
be practicable to sow either cow peas or German 
clover, just before plowing the corn the last time, and 
let it make all the growth possible until late this fall 
or winter, and then plow it again for corn in the 
spring. Would this growth of peas or clover, turned 
down as vegetable matter, keep up the fertility of the 
soil to the extent that the corn crop would exhaust it ? 
The corn would be cut up in September, and the peas 
or clover would have several fall months to grow be- 
fore the cold weather would set in. I thought that this 
amount of vegetable growth would to a great extent 
at least, tend to keep up the fertility of the soil, and 
stand another corn crop. The land will produce fifty 
to sixty bushels corn without fertilizer, in a fair sea- 
son. If you will answer through your paper will be 
under obligations. How much clover or peas to acre ? 

Augusta Co., Va. James R. Kemper. 

The growing of either cow peas or German clover 
will help the land to carry another crop of corn as 
either crop will supply humus to the land and add 
to the nitrogen content of the soil. Both crops, how- 
ever, and cow peas especially, are large consumers of 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



401 



the mineral fertilizers, phosphoric acid and potash, 
of which corn is also a large consumer and would not 
therefore recuperate to the land the mineral matter 
taken out by this year's corn crop, but probably your 
land is good enough to stand this draft if kept well 
filled with humus and well supplied with nitrogen. 
If you want to plow in the fall or winter for next corn 
crop we would not sow clover as the growth it would 
make would not be sufficient to warrant the cost or be 
of any practical use. If clover is sown the plowing 
should be deferred until late in spring, say April or 
Hav. Cow peas can be sown and be plowed down in 
the late fall or winter with great benefit and if 25 
or 50 bushels of lime was applied after plowing down 
the peas this would make available sufficient of the 
phosphoric acid and potash in the soil to produce with 
the peas an average crop of corn the following year. 
—Ed. 



serting the tube. When the tube is withdrawn a small 
stream can be forced out. Kindly tell me what to do 
for it and oblige. J. M. Harrison. 

Alexandria Co., Va. 

You will have to have it opened by the use of an in- 
strument called the hidden bistouri which cuts the 
sides of the gland. The enlarged opening must then 
be kept open by a dilator until the wounds are 
healed. — Ed. 



Canning Snaps and Tomatoes. 

Will some reader of the Planter please give me 
information in regard to canning snaps ; also for can- 
ning tomatoes ? I will appreciate very highly any 
reliable recipes given. A Subscriber. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va. 



Poultry House. 

I am going to erect a poultry house with a coop 
for 1,000 hens and prefer one straight building with 
partitions and runs — have plenty of ground — please 
give me a plan keeping in mind plenty of room in 
runs and general convenience. 

Anderson Co., Tenn. Geo. Hargrove. 

You had better get the little book on Poultry Archi- 
tecture by Eiske, price 50 cents, which we can sup- 
ply. This gives a variety of plans to meet varied con- 
ditions. There is wide difference of opinion as to the 
best form of house to build. Our own views are 
wholly against one large house. We would always 
build a number of isolated houses to obviate loss from 
contagious diseases. — Ed. 



Destroying Horns by Caustic. 

Please let me know at what age and how often you 
apply stick caustic to calves to prevent the horns from 
growing. B. S. H. 

Albemarle C'o., Va. 

The caustic should be applied as soon as the hard 
button from which the horn springs can be felt. This 
will be in a few weeks after birth. Clip the hair from 
the button and just around it and apply the caustic 
two or three times until the embryo horn is burnt out. 
—Ed. 



Salt. 



Will you please inform me where I can get the 
genuine Liverpool salt? Years ago I got it in 240 
pound sacks. It did not get so hard as the salt I get 
now and I like it much better. J. M. Shankel. 

Sullivan Co., Tenn. 

Davenport & Co., of this city, used to import the 
Liverpool salt. We presume their successors in busi- 
ness, Saunders Sons Co., of this city, still do so and 
can supply it. — Ed. 



Cow Peas for Hay. 

We have about three acres in Irish potatoes upon 
which we put about 800 or 900 pounds of Baugh's 
10 per cent, to the acre. I want to put the same piece 
of land in black peas. Do you think it best to mix 
anything with them, if so what and how much? Want 
to cut them for hay. W. T. A. 

Gloucester Co., Va. 

We are strongly in favor of mixing sorghum with 
cow peas for hay. In our experience, and in this we 
are confirmed by a number of our friends, the mixture 
makes better feed as it is more nearly a balanced ra- 
tion, makes a heavier yield and is easier to cure. Sow 
about half a peck of sorghum to the acre. — Ed. 



Obstructed Teat of Cow. 

About two months ago my cow, then fresh, injured 
one of her teats with her foot while getting up. The 
teat was much bruised and lacerated, but not cut to 
interior. I used a milking tube while it was sore. It 
has now apparently healed, but is much strictured at 
the tip. It is impossible to milk it without first in- 



Crimson Clover. 

When Crimson Clover is sown at the last working 
of corn should it be sown before or after the plowing ? 

Franklin Co., Va. Subscriber. 

The Crimson Clover should be sown and be worked 
in with a cultivator, but not with a plow, as that 
would bury it too deeply. A cultivator and not a 
plow should always be used to work corn, and thus , 
keep the surface level. — Ed. 



402 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The work of gathering the berries and early fruits 
and cutting and picking the early vegetables and ship- 
ping the crops to market, or preserving and canning 
them at home, will make the month a busy one for 
the gardener and trucker. See to it that crates and 
baskets are on hand and that they are clean and of 
standard size and make. Have all arrangement? 
made with commission men as to time of shipment 
and as to the requirements of the different markets 
shipped to in the way of sizes of packages and con- 
signments, also have complete arrangements made 
with the express and transportation companies so that 
no delay may occur in delivery. Let all shipments be 
made under a guarantee as to quality and mark the 
crates and packages plainly with the grade of con- 
tents. Do not mix first and second rate products, 
ship each separately and then the full value may be 
expected to be realised. 



The planting of successional crops of beans, peas, 
corn, melons, cantaloupes, cucumbers, squashes, pep- 
pers and tomatoes must have attention to keep up the 
supply as the early crops are shipped or consumed. 
Keep the cultivators running in the earlier planted 
crops and encourage growth with top dressings of 
nitrate of soda where crops are not making the pro- 
gress desired. Look out for insect pests and attacks 
of fungoid diseases and act upon the advice given in 
the spray calendar published in our March issue for 
combatting these. A vigorous quick growth of crops 
will do much to protect them from damage. Usually 
the crops which have received a check in growth are 
those attacked by insects and fungoid diseases. 



hills three feet apart each way. Prepare the land 
well and fertilize with a complete fertilizer having 
about 5 per cent, nitrogen, 7 per cent, phosphoric acid 
and 8 per cent, potash. The wholesale pickle factories 
are always open to buy this crop and if not grown 
sufficiently near to a factory for delivery as gathered 
the "cukes" can be preserved in brine in barrels as 
gathered and then be shipped to the factory as re- 
quired. 

Celery seed should be sown this month. Select a 
piece of moist-ground for the seed bed and prepare it 
finely and make rich with well rotted farm yard 
manure. Rake fine and smooth and then sow the seed 
thinly over the bed, rake in lightly then tread or roll 
firm, sprinkle with water and cover the bed with old 
bagging to conserve the moisture. Celery seed germh 
nates slowly and must be kept in moist ground. As 
soon as the seed begins to germinate raise the bagging 
on sticks and so gradually unveil the young plants to 
the air and sun. Shading the beds even until the 
plants are nearly large enough to transplant is a good 
practise as it insures better plants. The last half of 
June is soon enough to sow the seed. When the plants 
are large enough to handle they should be transplant- 
ed into a rich bed, being set out about three inches 
apart each way and be allowed to grow on slowly until 
time to set them out in the rows or beds in August or 
September. The large white variety is the best to 
grow here. 



Salsify seed should be sown this month. It will 
make better roots sown now than earlier. 



When setting out tomato plants plant a hill of corn 
here and there in the rows. The worms will attack 
these in preference to the tomatos and the corn can be 
cut and fed to stock and thus save the tomatoes. A 
row of mustard sown here and there amongst cabbage 
plants will save the cabbages from the attacks of the 
terrapin bugs. The bugs will settle on the mustard 
and this should then be sprinkled with kerosene and 
be burnt. Look out for potato bugs on the Irish po- 
tatoes and egg plants. Give them a dose of Paris 
green, Pug Death or Slug Shot. 



Cucumbers for pickles should be planted. They 
may be set out either in rows four feet apart or in 



Cabbage seed for the fall crop may be sown towards 
the end of the month or early in July. The mistake 
usually made is sowing the seed too early and the 
plants get eaten up by the worms in the hot weather. 



The onion crop should be harvested as soon as the 
plants have completed their growth and the tops are 
dying. Pull the bulbs and throw them into rows and 
leave to dry for a few hours. Then place them in an 
airy shed to dry off a few days. Let them be got 
ready for market and be shipped as soon as possible 
as they should be sold before the Northern crop comes 
on the market. Southern grown onions will not keep 
over the winter like the Northern ones. 



As soon as the strawberry crop is gathered if the 



1904.1 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



403 



bed has stood two years plow it up and prepare the 
land and seed with cow peas or crimson clover. Begin 
to prepare other land for setting out a new bed. Land 
that has grown Irish potatoes makes a good place for 
this bed. If the old bed is to stand another year mow 
off the leaves and sprinkle straw on them and bum 
them. This gets rid of weeds and insect pests. 



THE FRUIT CROP. 

We have very varied reports as to the prospects of 
the fruit crop throughout this and the adjoining 
States. In many sections of Middle and Eastern Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina and Maryland practically all 
plums, pears, peaches and early apples are destroyed. 
This also is the case largely in the Piedmont and 
mountain sections in the valleys. On the mountains, 
and in much of the middle sections of these States on 
high lands, the promise for winter apples and late 
peaches is good, though we hear considerable com- 
plaint of dropping of the fruit, no doubt as a result 
of the injury done by the late frosts. We should es- 
teem it a favor if growers would report to us the pros- 
pect in their sections for publication in our July issue. 



TRUCKING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Don't make the mistake of starting into the busi- 
ness of truck raising before you are ready. By so 
doing, you simply invite defeat, and a disastrous and 
expensive failure is, in the very nature of things, 
bound to be the result. 

There are three, at least, "essentials," the absence 
of either of which will pretty effectually militate 
against any possible profit from either market garden- 
ing, or truck farming ; these are : 

1. A sure and remunerative market for the products 
when raised; 

2. A thorough knowledge of his soil and its adapta- 
bility to the vegetables to be grown thereon, and an 
equally intimate knowledge of the plants he intends 
to cultivate, together with their cultural and plant 
food requirements, and 

3. Rich land. 

It is a waste of time to attempt the utterly impos- 
sible feat of raising profitable crops of tender, succu- 
lent vegetables on any but the very richest of land. 

No matter how fertile the land may seem to be, 
good truck crops can only be grown thereon by high- 
manuring. While, in ordinary grain or cotton, or to- 
bacco farming, one can, by a judicious rotation and 
by the free use of leguminous crops, get along with- 



out the purchase of nitrogenous fertilizers, the mar- 
ket gardener must be lavish with his fertilizers, both 
nitrogenous and potassic. Nitrogen forces early 
growth and gives large succulent leaves and stems. 
Potash gives solidity and crispness and increases the 
sugar and starchy parts of seeds. Phosphoric acid 
tends more especially to develop the seeds of plants, 
hence the chief ingredient in a good fertilizer for veg- 
etables of which the leaves or stems are the edible 
portion, is nitrogen. For root vegetables, phosphoric 
acid and potash are fully as important as nitrogen. 
For vegetables of which the seed is the edible portion, 
like the garden pea, for instance, phosphoric acid is 
the leading element. 

For vegetables, like the tomato, potato, egg plants, 
celery, melons, etc., potash is the most important.- 

Nitrate of soda is the best form of nitrogen and the 
sulphate is the best available form of potash, for gar- 
den vegetables of all kinds, cotton seed meal, as a 
source of nitrogen, and the muriate as a source of 
potash, being next; kainit is altogether out of place 
in the garden or truck farm. Potash salts are just 
the thing for truck farming. The cheaper muriate 
of potash gives equally as good results on cabbages 
and beets as the more expensive sulphate, but the lat- 
ter appears to be superior to the muriate in increasing 
yield of tomatoes, spinach, lettuce and onions. For 
vegetables, the controlling elements are potash and 
nitrogen ; and very few of the brands of mixed fer- 
tilizers have as high a percentage of potash as most 
truck crops require. It is known on all sides that 
potatoes are dear lovers of potash, but it does not ap- 
pear to be so generally known that the cabbage crop 
is also a potash eater; turnips come next and cauli- 
flowers third, in their demand for potash ; hence, if a 
heavy yield of either is desired, they must be planted 
on soil that already has plenty of potash in it ; or, 
plenty of it must be applied. No soil is naturally so 
strong that many good crops of vegetables can be 
raised in succession thereon, except potash be added 
just as often and just as liberally as nitrogen. We 
have this much to say about potash for the reason 
that, to our certain knowledge, many market garden- 
ers limit themselves exclusively to manure obtained 
from city stables, and stable manure, let it be ever so 
good, is not a properly balanced fertilizer for vege- 
tables and cannot bring best results. A good general 
fertilizer for all garden vegetables would be 
150 to 225 pounds acid phosphate, 
250 to 375 pounds sulphate of potash, 
150 to 225 pounds nitrate of soda. 
Mix phosphate and potash and apply previous to 



404 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[June, 



planting, apply nitrate beside, or around the plants, 
after crop is up. 

If ground is well supplied with humus, above 
amounts may be doubled or trebled with manifest ad- 
vantage. In all cases, we most decidedly prefer to 
apply broadcast ; and, by thorough preparation, thor- 
oughly incorporate the fertilizer with the soil. This 
done, when drouth sets in, wherever the application 
was heaviest, there the crop will be the greenest, let 
the crop be what it may. 

As muriate of potash and cotton seed meal are pre- 
ferred by some, we subjoin the following mixture : 

700 pounds acid phosphate, 

300 pounds nitrate of soda, 

^750 pounds cotton seed meal, 

, 250 pounds muriate of potash. 
"Mix, for one ton. Apply from 1,000 to 2,000 pounds 
per acre. 

Eor Irish potatoes, leave out 150 pounds nitrate of 
soda, and add 150 pounds more of the muriate. 

Mississippi. G. H. Turner. 



TRUCKING NOTES— EASTERN VIRGINIA— NEAR 
THE SEA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

May continues cool, with the exception of one or 
two days. The berry crop, usually moving in full 
force at this date (May 10), is moving very slowly in- 
deed. Last year thousands of 60-quart crates of ber- 
ries were sent to market in April. This year only one 
lone crate was sent in April, and the May shipments 
have been small, very small indeed. 

April, 1904, was a normal month, as regards tem- 
perature, the average thermometer for the month 
being 56 degrees, which is the regular average them- 
perature for the month for the past 34 years. But 
the month was preceded by a winter considerably 
cooler than the average, which kept fruit and early 
vegetables back at least two weeks. 

April was drier than usual. The average April 
rainfall for 34 years being 3.82 inches; but April, 
1904, gave us only 1.13 inches. The month was, 
therefore, not a very satisfactory month for our farm- 
ers and truckers. But very little corn was planted 
in April and the potato crop which was planted in 
March came up slowly and irregularly. The liberal 
rainfall of last night starts everything growing more 
rapidly, and we may now safely calculate upon regu- 
lar growing summer weather. 

Radishes are about done for the season. The ship- 
ments were large and the radish good crisp and ten- 



der. The crop paid very well. It shows the open 
character of our winters when, in the coolest winter 
for many years, we could plant or sow radish in the 
open air from last of February to middle of March 
without serious loss from frost. 

Lettuce is now running heavily to Northern mar- 
kets. The crop is good, but is not heading up quite 
so good as usual, on account of the cool winter. The 
seed was sown thickly in beds last September, and 
covered with a thin layer of marsh grass, so thin that 
every plant could be clearly seen through the grass, 
and from these beds the lettuce was transplanted in 
March in the open fields. We saw one patch where 
the trucker hacfs'et out 175,000 plants and we could 
not find a missing plant in the entire field. 

To show the intensity of truck farming, we may 
state that on the 22nd of February, 1904, we visited 
the same section in company with a delegation of 
Western farmers, and found the truckers, at that date, 
cutting and shipping spinach, young spinach, sown 
the previous September, at the rate of 100 barrels to 
the acre, and worth, at that date $5.50 per barrel in 
New York city. 

Last Saturday — May 7th — we visited the same 
fields and found them all set to lettuce, from which 
the truckers were just beginning to ship. 

The lettuce was set out in narrow beds, four rows 
to the bed, and on the edges of each bed was planted 
a row of snap beans. 

The price of lettuce this spring ranges from $1.25 
to $2.75 per basket, and each basket holds from 25 
to 60 heads according to the size of the heads. 

After the trucker ships his lettuce, he will culti- 
vate his snap beans, which in early June will be mar- 
keted, and on the same land, if he so chooses, he can 
plant corn and grow 60 bushels of shelled corn to the 
acre, thus making four crops from the same land dur- 
ing one year, viz. : Spinach, lettuce, snap beans and 
corn. 

This is trucking intensively; and when general 
farming is carried on here, equally intensively, as it 
may be and should be, we shall see the "garden spot" 
of America. We need a few thousand "genuine, all 
wool, and yard wide" stock farmers. We need stock, 
stable manure, silos, deeper plowing, more thorough 
tillage, better implements, higher aims, broader 
views, and a deeper insight into the science of agri- 
culture. 

Norfolk Co., Va. A. Jeffers. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



405 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



FIGHT THE CATTLE TICK AND ENFORCE THE 
QUARANTINE LAW, IF YOU WISH TO GET RID 
OF THE QUARANTINE LINE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

During the last two years I, as State Veterinarian, 
have talked with quite a number of stock men who 
live south of the cattle quarantine line through this 
State, and I have been impressed with the fact that 
nine out of ten of these gentlemen seem very anxious 
to have the Board of Control move the quarantine line 
further south, each individual wanting it south of 
his county, or at least his private farm. When I sug- 
gest that they first get rid of the cause for this line 
(the cattle tick, Boophilus Annulatus), their reply is 
that the ticks have nothing to do with the trouble, 
because they have always had them on their cattle. 

Now the fact that this particular cattle tick is the 
carrier of the disease known as Texas fever, among 
cattle, has been proven, beyond all doubt, by profes- 
sional men after years of study, with practical ex- 
periments. A description of the particular tick, togeth- 
er with its life history has been published in a bulle- 
tin by this department, therefore, it would simply be 
a repetition of what has been written in the past, to 
explain in this article how the cattle tick produces the 
disease in question. I state as a fact, which leaves no 
room for argument, as arguing always delays work, 
and work is what we want in order to get rid of the 
quarantine in this State, that the fever is caused by 
this particular cattle tick and that the existence of 
the cattle tick in the southern portion of this county 
caused the quarantine law to be passed, and the line 
to be established where it is, in order to protect the 
northern portion of the State and all the States north 
of this State from this infection, which was causing 
all horns, and no beef, to be raised in the southern 
counties of Virginia. The cause must be removed 
before the condition can be relieved, (you would not 
expect to get the soreness out of your finger until you 
had removed the splinter which was causing the 
pain ?) You are all willing to acknowledge that the 
quarantine line through Virginia is an "eye sore" to 
the counties south of said line ? Then just remember 
that this inflamed streak is caused by the existence 
of the cattle tick in your county, and get to work to 
first remove the cause of this law, and line, remem- 
bering that the condition can then be easily improved. 
However, it will take work, and time, to accomplish 
this end. You can get rid of these ticks by, first, 



stopping all cattle from running at large on the com- 
mons, have a "no-fence" law, second, put no cattle 
where ticky cattle were last year. Look for and de- 
stroy every tick that you can find this summer. Use 
the sulphur, sodium chloride, and potassium nitrate 
mixture, which Mr. Cobbs, of Somerset, Orange 
county, Virginia, advised in the Planter some time 
ago. In fact, do everything that you can to destroy 
the ticks, and enforce the quarantine law, and as a 
sequel of your work, the quarantine line will be re- 
moved further and further south, until you will all be 
out of the infected district. J. G. Ferneyhough, 

State Veterinarian. 

Experiment Station,, Blacksburg, Va. 

The point farmers overlook in this question is that 
only one particular cattle tick causes Texas fever. 
Your cattle may be covered with ticks but if this par- 
ticular tick is not amongst them you will have no 
fever. If it is you will sooner or later have the fever 
and every cow which has not been rendered immune 
either by natural means, that is to say by having had 
the fever recently in a mild form or by inoculation 
which gives the fever in a mild form, is liable to die 
from it. Any cow brought from a section north of 
the quarantine line or from any place within the 
quarantine district where this particular tick is not to 
be found, and there are many such places, will cer- 
tainly take the fever if these ticks get on to her unless 
she be inoculated before the ticks reach her. The re- 
moval of the quarantine line south of Virginia is well 
within the bounds of possibility if only farmers 
themselves will help in the way we have pointed out 
in the Planter. Let each man get rid of the tick 
on his own place and see that a "no-fence" law is put 
into operation in his section. — Ed. 



RED POLLED CATTLE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It is difficult in the limited scope of a short article, 
to say all the things that can well be said, aye and re- 
peated, about the dual purpose breed of cattle, Red 
Polls. 

We take it for granted that all know the meaning 
of "dual purpose." 

We have special purpose cattle, like the Jerseys or 
Guernseys, for production of butter. The Short 
Horn or the Angus for production of beef. The dual 
purpose combines both these qualities, and the Red 



406 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



Polls are the leaders in that class. They will make 
profit in either the dairy or on the block.. 

We know a farm, called a "milk farm," the chief 
business of which is selling milk to the consumer. Red 
Polled cows are the ones used on this farm. The gen- 
tleman who owns and runs the farm told us that he 
was satisfied with the milk production from the cows, 
and his prime object is to get milk and a lot of it. 

Another man who has been a successful farmer for 
sixty years, recently stated to us that in all his years 
of making butter, he had never made so much as he 
had in 1901, with the same sized herd. His cows 
are Red Polls, and during all these sixty years he has 
tried nearly all the recognized breeds. 

Statistics and reports of slaughter tests show that 
the Red Polls make beef of the very finest quality. 
Also that these animals dress nearly if not quite two- 
thirds of their live weight. 

We know from personal experience that it costs no 
more, and in fact not so much, to feed our Red Polls 
and keep them in proper condition, as it does to feed 
our Jerseys. 

We also know that Red Polled calves can easily be 
made to weigh from 800 to 1,000 pounds at one year 
old. We shipped a registered Red Polled bull calf 
to a customer in Mississippi, not long ago. The calf 
was seven months old and weighed 525 pounds. He 
was kept growing. We never stuffed him or forced 
him. In fact four months of that time he was in pas- 
ture, and had not a spoonful of grain. Red Polled 
cows weigh from 1,000 to 1,400 pounds. Bulls from 
1,500 to 2,200 pounds. 

Here is another (a minor point). We never yet 
had to teach a Red Polled calf to drink. The first 
chance they get at a pail of milk, they stick their 
heads into it and "they're off." 

These cattle are hornless, very docile and gentle. 
Extremely easy to handle. In color, a rich dark red, 
little white on tail tip. Udders and teats of good size. 

The Red Polls have been derided, snubbed and held 
up to ridicule times without number. It has only 
served as ;i good advertisement for the breed. They 
are good enough to stand on their own merits. The 
demand for them is steadily increasing. They are 
gaining the confidence of the farmer. What is farm- 
ing but a general purpose business ? Why does a 
general purpose farmer desire a special purpose breed 
of cattle ? Sometimes the price of butter is so low 
that it does not pay the farmer to make it. Then 
why not make beef ? Sometimes the price of beef is 
so low that the farmer cannot realize a conservative 
profit. Then why not make butter ? If he is well 



stocked up with Red Polled cattle, he has the correct 
answer to both questions. W. A. Sargent. 

Albany, Vt. 



POLLED DURHAM CATTLE. 




The above picture is from a photograph of three 
Polled Durham calves bred by Mr. Jno. S. Funk, of 
the Glen Farm, Singers Glen, Va. Mr. Funk has a 
fine herd of Polled Durhams headed by a Blood Red 
sire weighing 1,650 pounds, two years old past. 
Polled Durhams are a very desirable dual purpose 
breed, having all the good qualities, both milking 
and beef making, of the best Shorthorns. Being 
hornless they commend themselves to those parties 
who have a prejudice against horns. 



REMEDY FOR NODULAR DISEASE OF SHEEP. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

On page 328 of the May issue B'. J. Waller, of 
Spotsylvania county, Va., says his sheep have died 
this spring and he found on examination their intes- 
tines covered with small nodules, which you say is a 
disease commonly known as "knotty gut." Your diag- 
nosis is correct, but your reply as to treatment has 
not been my experience. I am not going to take issue 
with you, but merely to give my experience for the 
benefit of Mr. Waller and others who may be so un- 
fortunate as to get this disease in their flock. 
Three years ago my sheep got droopy and began to 
die and it did look as if the whole flock would die 
before I could get anything to stop the disease what- 
ever it was. I was a subscriber to the American Sheep 
Breeder and having read about "knotty gut" being 
so fatal among sheep, I butchered a lamb and exam- 
ined its intestines and found them covered with such 
nodules as Mr. Waller describes. I immediately or- 
dered by express a can of Toxaline, the new remedy 



1904." 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



407 



I saw advertised in the Sheep Breeder. By the time 
it arrived I had lost thirty-two head and half a dozen 
were at death's door. I commenced immediately to 
give the Toxaline by directions and did not lose an- 
other one of the flock except one ewe that got strangled 
and died in less than a minute after drenching. Since 
then I keep the remedy on hand and whenever a 
sheep begins to droop or has a hacking cough I give it 
a dose of Toxaline and through the winter and spring 
I give my sheep Summers worm powders about once 
a month, which keeps the worms in check. Once a 
flock has become infected I doubt very much whether 
the disease can ever be eradicated, but by the use of 
these remedies I am satisfied it can be kept in check 
so as to do no appreciable harm to the flock. Sending 
the flock to the butcher would do no good if other 
sheep were bought and placed on the same pasture 
or barn. A. J. Smith. 

Laurens Co., S. C. 

We are glad to hear of this remedy for the "knotty 
gut" trouble. It is the first time we have heard of 
any remedy being effective and we have had a life 
time experience with sheep. The veterinarians are so 
far as we know all of opinion that remedies are of no 
avail. The worm is so encysted in the nodules that 
no medicine can reach it. However this may be, our 
correspondent's testimony is satisfactory as to the ef- 
fectiveness of the remedy named in his flock. — Ed. 



REMARKABLE MILK RECORD OF JERSEY HEIFER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I hand you for publication a picture and sketch of 




to your readers that we have some good dairy cows 
in Virginia. I have been breeding Jerseys for a 
great many years. Commenced by buying a few cows 
and a bull, the best I could find, and have bred and 
retained in my herd the best. 

"Lady Madelin," the heifer in question, is entitled 
to registration. Her dam Madelin Mapp, herd num- 
ber 85299 ; her sire Tenor, herd number 59277. 
"Madelin Mapp" is a very heavy milker, not tested. 
Tenor was sold to the Virginia Polytechnic Institute 
to head their herd. Madelin Mapp's dam, Thorn- 
cliffe Pet, No. 69880, gave 16 pounds of butter in 
seven days. Tenor's dam, Rioters Prima Donna, No. 
45692, gave 5 pounds of butter from four milkings. 
I never tested her for a week. 

"Lady Madelin" represented in this picture, 
weighs 585 pounds, and gave in 30 days during the 
month of April 782 pounds of milk, and for the seven 
days just past (May), 196 pounds milk, and has a 
bull calf dropped March 4, 1904, by Coquette's John 
Bull, No. 63980. I have not tested her milk but the 
butter fat of the milk of my herd (an average sample) 
is 4 6-10. You will see she is quite a wonderful milk- 
er. She gave nearly 200 pounds more milk in a 
month than her own weight. 

Prince Edivard Co., Va. A. R. Venable, Jr. 



one of my herd of Jerseys which has quite an uncom- 
mon milk record, I ask you to publish this to show 



DO GRADE DORSET LAMBS BUTCHER WELL? 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The above query has been sent to me by a reader of 
the Southern Planter. It gives me pleasure to 
present a few facts that have come into my posses- 
sion. 

It is well known that Dorset ewes lamb in the fall 
and many Virginia sheep breeders who want lambs 
just as early as possible have seriously considered the 
advisability of using Dorset ewes in their breeding 
flocks. The purebreds are most too expensive yet for 
stock sheep, but as high grade ewes are found to lamb 
with great regularity in December, they have been 
buying Dorset rams and introducing Dorset blood. 
Many have had good success, but it seems that in one 
or two counties in the State that buyers of market 
]ambs, who in some instances, to my certain knowl- 
edge, have been interested in other breeds, have ad- 
vised certain farmers against the use of Dorset rams, 
by telling them that the grade Dorset lambs do not 
butcher well. 

I have handled Southdown, Shropshire and Dorset 
lambs. As purebred sheep, I must admit that the 



408 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June,. 



Southdown is the finest mutton sheep on earth and I 
notice in the carcass tests in our big fat stock shows in 
England and America the Southdown is more fre- 
quently at first place in spite of the fact that other 
breeds have double as many entries. In spite of this 
fact, however, the raisers of early lambs found it 
more profitable to use Shropshires or Hampshires 
than Southdowns. I would be willing to say that any 
of these three breeds would butcher better than the 
purebred Dorsets, as they have been bred for a longer 
time with this one thing in view. The Dorsets are 
rapidly pushing to the front among the mutton 
breeds. Twice in this country a Dorset has taken 
sweepstakes over all mutton breeds in large shows. 
This happened last at Omaha, when a Dorset ewe was 
named the best sheep in the show. 

But leaving this to one side, I beg to say that some 
of the finest types of mutton lambs I have ever seen 
are the Dorset-Southdown and Dorset-Shropshire 
crosses. My own personal experience will enable me 
to answer the query directly. Some years ago, as a 
matter of interest, we were testing Dorset and Shrop- 
shire rams for producing market lambs, using the 
same type of ewes, highgrade Southdown and Shrop- 
shire. For three years the Dorset lambs were the 
winners on the scales. One year the Dorsets aver- 
aged five pounds more per head. A Shropshire man 
who saw them weighed remarked that he believed they 
would lose this advantage when butchered. I thought 
it would be well to investigate, so I marked the car- 
load carefully and shipped them to a well known firm 
at Jersey, asking him to follow up the butchering of 
this fine carload and report. The load was an extra 
one, averaging over 80 pounds. I have the report 
on this load, which was bought and butchered by two 
of the best firms in New York city. The report states 
that no finer lambs had come to the market that sea- 
son than the Dorset lambs of that load and that the 
best carcasses in the load were among the Dorsets. 
Tbis seems much to the point. 

References to the prize lists of the Great Fat Stock 
Show at Chicago for 1901 and 1902 will show that 
in the carcass contest for lambs in which all breeds 
were entered and with from thirty to forty entries, 
more than half of which were either purebred or grade 
Shropshires, grade Dorset lambs got into the money 
both years, winning second and third place. The 
grade Dorset lambs were either Dorset-Southdown, 
or Dorset-Shropshire crosses. Not more than three 
of these grade Dorsets were entered. For these to 
have taken second and third place among so many 
entries speaks volumes for the grade. Dorsets, and I 



beg my enquirer to notice that the test was on the 
block. Winners of first prizes were a Southdown 
and an Oxford purebred. I did not see the report of 
this show last December, but I would not be surprised 
to know that Dorset blood was to the front again. 

Some might remark that it was the Down blood 
that made these lambs winners. I think that much 
could be said to show that it was more the combina- 
tion. To say the least, the Dorset blood did not keep 
them from winning. 

At two of our leading agricultural colleges Dorset 
ewes are kept to produce this Dorset-Down cross,, 
which is becoming a prime favorite with the butchers, 

Maxwelton, W. Va. H. B. Arbuckle. 



DORSET SHEEP. 

Our correspondent Mr. H. B. Arbuckle, of Max- 
welton, W. Va., writes us that he is about to sail for 
England as the representative of the Continental Dor- 
set Club to purchase a flock of Dorset Sheep for im- 
portation into this country. He will sail on the 4th 
June and will be glad to hear from any parties who 
may desire sheep, either Dorsets or other pure breeds 
bought in England. This will afford a good oppor- 
tunity for securing fine stock to head the flocks of 
our Southern breeders. Any stock bought will be 
personally selected by Mr. Arbuckle, who is an excel- 
lent judge of sheep, and will receive his attention 
and care until delivered to the owners here. 



ADMINISTERING BENZINE OR GASOLINE TO 
SHEEP. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Having been asked to give more detailed informa- 
tion about administering gasoline to sheep to rid them 
of stomach worms, I will for the benefit of those who 
may desire to try the remedy this summer offer the 
following suggestions : 

1. Use gasoline instead of benzine. The two sub- 
stances are almost identical, being the products of 
the fractional distillation of petroleum. Gasoline is 
the more volatile, seems to act more quickly, and is 
cheaper. 

2. Instead of milk flaxseed tea can be used for 
making the dose. In either case use about six ounces. 

3. Never give over one ounce of gasoline, which 
is about one large tablespoonful, to a grown sheep ; 
half this amount to a sixty pound lamb. Shake well 
before giving the dose and do not force the dose. Give 
the sheep time. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



409 



4. Never stand the sheep up on the rump or throw 
it down on the side. You want the dose to go at once 
to the fourth stomach, where the worms are. Experi- 
ments conducted by the United States Agricultural 
Department show that when a sheep is standing al- 
most the entire dose goes at once to the fourth stom- 
ach. 

Push sheep back into a corner of the shed, stand 
straddle of the neck, with left hand hold the sheep by 
lower jaw with head just slightly elevated and with 
right hand bring drench bottle carefully into the 
mouth just after you have shaken it well. If you 
have a rubber tube in mouth of bottle, you can check 
flow of dose by pinching rubber tube, if sheep strug- 
gles. Eon't take any chance on rushing dose into tbe 
lungs, as it will prove fatal. 

5. Keep a bottle of aromatic spirits of ammonia 
near by, so that you can at once give the sheep two tea- 
spoonsful, if it is much affected by gasoline. Sheep 
with pleurisy or heart trouble are often seriously af- 
fected. A hypodermic of strychnine would be a good 
remedy in case of heart failure. 

6. Fast sheep fifteen hours before giving first dose. 
Turn out to grass two hours after gasoline is admin- 
istered. Fast twelve hours before next dose. Turn 
to fresh pasture, where there is no water standing in 
low marshy places. 

7. Do not give gasoline to sheep, unless you are 
sure it is necessary, as it is in no sense a tonic and 
does not of itself do sheep good. If your sheep are 
healthy, the lambs fat, and there is no hacking coughs, 
harsh fleeces, pale skins, do not think of giving gas- 
oline. 

8. Gasoline will not cure knotty guts, but may ex- 
pel the worms that are not yet encysted. (More of 
this in a later paper.) Gasoline may not kill stom- 
ach worms, but there is abundant evidence that it ex- 
pels them. Gasoline will not expel tapeworms and 
will not expel hook worms of the intestines. 

9. The objections to gasoline are numerous. Chief- 
ly, it must be administered, at least, three times, and 
it causes great distress to the sheep. 

10. A one per cent, solution of coal tar creosote 
has given good results as a substitute, but there are 
objections to it. At present the subject is receiving 
attention from many quarters and the outlook is 
promising. H. B. Arbuckxe. 

Maxvieltcm,, W. "Va. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the SociHKK.v Planter. 



SOW EATING PIGS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I read with much interest "Subscriber's" com- 
munication from Dinwiddie county, and your reply 
relative to sow eating pigs, and thinking that my ex- 
perience might be of interest to some of your readers 
and "Subscriber" particularly, I give it to you. 

I bought a very fine Duroc Jersey sow last summer 
in Ohio. She was being prepared for the fall shows, 
and was very fat. I had her bred and shipped home, 
and she was fat enough for the show ring when she 
farrowed. She ate all the pigs except two, which we 
managed to get away from her before she got her 
mouth on them. As she was a very fine animal, I 
did not want to make pork of her, so I began to en- 
quire of old breeders what they did in such cases. 
There was a consensus of opinion that only fat sows 
would eat their pigs, and that if fed very sparingly 
for a couple of weeks before farrowing time, there 
would be no trouble. I bred the sow, and two weeks 
before she was due to farrow I put her in a pen by 
herself and fed only one small feed of swill daily, 
and the day she was to farrow gave the swill hot. 
She farrowed 9 pigs in January and proved to be 
one of the best mothers I ever owned, raising the 
entire litter in spite of the awful weather conditions, 
and not a "runt" in the bunch. As the Duroc puts 
on fat fast, I found this spring all my sows in "show" 
condition at farrowing time, so I adopted the same 
plan with them all, and not a sow had a mishap or 
ate a pig. As you say, the sows at farrowing are in 
a fevered condition and a heavy or even regular feed 
only helps to heat and excite them. I feel quite sure 
if "Subscriber" will put his sow up for two weeks 
before farrowing time and the day she is due feed the 
swill hot, feeding only one small feed a day, that he 
need not make pork of her, and she will not eat the 
pigs. Wm. G. Owens. 

Chesterfield Co., Va. 



Com StOVer for COWS. — Corn meal 280 pounds, 
wheat bran 392 pounds, fed in connection with 2,374 
pounds of corn stover produced at the Wisconsin Ex- 
periment Station 1,120 pounds of milk, from which 
57 pounds of butter were made. 



One Ton Of Cottonseed, according to tests made 
by the Mississippi Experiment Station, will produce 
about one-sixth more beef than a ton of corn, and a 
ton of cottonseed meal will produce about twice as 
much. 



410 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



The Poultry Yard. 



AUSTRALIAN EGG LAYING CONTEST. 

Last year we published the results of an egg lay- 
ing contest conducted in Australia. The contest has 
been repeated again in 1903-1904, and the results 
Lave just appeared. We take the following notes 
upon it from Commercial Poultry. In the contest 
this year there were several pens of American birds 
entered and two of them have come out high in the 
list of producers. The following 5 pens of 6 pullets 
each produced the highest number of eggs : 

Eggs. 

R. E. Warren, Silver Wyandottes 1,308 

W. Wild, Black Orpingtons 1,274 

W. F. Evenden, Andalusians 1,242 

0. A. W. West, White Leghorns 1,225 

Mrs. A. H. Hansel (American) Rose C. B. 

Leghorns 1,203 

These were the only pens which laid more than 
1,200 eggs in the year, and it will be noticed that 
they were representatives of five different breeds. 

Mr. R. E. Warren's Avinning Silver Wyandottes 
laid steadily and well from start to finish. At the 
end of the first six months they stood sixth, but 
gradually overhauling the leaders, they went to the 
top at the end of February, and finished with 34 
eggs to spare. An important factor in their success 
is that they went right through without breaking into 
moult, but this must not be allowed to detract from 
their magnificent record of 218 eggs per hen. To 
show the value of breeding from proved layers, Mr. 
Warren states that they were bred from a pen of hens 
that averaged 214 eggs in a year. Like all the other 
successful Silver Wyandottes, they are smallish in 
size and have been moderate eaters throughout. An 
offer of £50 for the pen has been refused. 

The American competitors have amply justified 
their acceptance of the committee's challenge to send 
better layers than those that had been tested here. 
Two of the three pens from the United States have 
exceeded by 90 and 48 eggs respectively the best re- 
cord in the first competition, while the three have 
laid in the aggregate 53 more eggs than the three 
leading pens in the first test. The merit of their 
performance can only be adequately gauged by those 
who know in what bad condition the American hens 
entered the contest after the long voyage, and their 
achievement is enhanced by the fact that most of the 
hens moulted three times in the twelve months. Mrs. 
Hansel's Leghorns are among the classic band of 200 
e,^ hens, and as profit givers made their great tallv 
of eggs on half the average quantity of food con- 



sumed by the whole of the pens. Mr. Hays' White 
Wyandottes have proved themselves ahead of any 
pens of the breed yet tested in Australia. 

The conspicuous feature of the general success of 
the competition is that the production per hen in- 
creased from 130 to 163 eggs, as compared with the 
first test. No less than 15 pens eclipsed the record 
of 1,113 eggs with which the Grantham Poultry 
Farm Avon first place last year. 

"The success of the competition, reports Mr. 
Thompson, "augurs well for future work in connec- 
tion with the improvement of the egg production of 
the State. This work is making good and practical 
progress as a direct result of the object lessons which 
these public tests afford. 

"Our egg yield showed an enormous increase over 
that of the first competition, from the following 
causes : A more favorable season, improvements in at- 
tention and feeding, and last, but not least, by the 
work of the competitors themselves in improving 
their laying stock and in the earlier breeding and 
maturity of their birds. Notwithstanding that the 
general average of eggs produced was so much larger 
than in the first competition, and the totals of the 
leaders this year are far away ahead of those of last, 
it is satisfactory to note that competitors, who have 
taken part in both tests with the same breed, have in 
most instances improved their production. 

"The hens have been fed on the simplest diet pos- 
sible throughout the competition. The morning 
meal consisted of bran and mash at 7 o'clock. The 
mash was scalded with liver soup two days a week, 
and on the other five days it was simply mixed with 
water, the quantity given being an average of about 
one Imperial pint per pen, the big eaters taking con- 
siderably over the pint, and the small eaters a little 
under. In the afternoon, between 4 and 5 o'clock, 
the hens were grain fed, one pint, more or less, ac- 
cording to appetite, of crushed maize and sometimes 
wheat. Cut up liver was given twice a week, at the 
rate of about two ounces per head. Shell grit was 
always before them, and clean water was given every 
morning. In the way of green food, rape was fed 
for three months during the winter, when the grass 
was withered. For the other nine months the only 
green food the hens got was the natural grass in the 
pens. The rape was fed Avhole in the leaf, at the 
rate of about a dozen leaves to a pen every second 
day. 

"The grain used consisted almost exclusively of 
crushed maize throughout the year. This sIioavs the 
fallacy of the theories of most authorities in England 
and Australia, who condemn maize feeding for laying 



1904.1 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



411 



hens. Americans discovered simultaneously with 
ourselves that maize is a much-neglected poultry 
food. The demonstration of its value is alone worth 
thousands of pounds to a maize-producing State like 
New South Wales. Although we fed successfully on 
maize alone, we do not advocate feeding on that prin- 
ciple if wheat can he as cheaply obtained. But as 
soon as wheat is higher in price we have no hesitation 
in using maize exclusively. At equal prices we pre- 
fer its use alternately with wheat; but we prefer 
good crushed maize to inferior wheat at all times. 
By inferior wheat we mean any but the best milling 
grain." 

"The monthly laying was : April, 1,284 eggs ; May, 
3,124; June, 4,821; July, 6,636; August, 8,577 
September, 8,476; October, 7,834; November, 6,608 
December, 6,249 ; January, 5,804 ; February, 5,103 
March, 4,056. Grand total, 68,572 eggs, or 5,714 
dozen from 420 hens. 

"The market value of the eggs was £373 15s 2d 
($1,869), from which deduct cost of feed, £122 0s 8d 
C$610). and a profit of £251 14s 6d ($1,259) is 
left on the cost of feed, the pen returning the smallest 
value leaving a margin of 6s per hen ($1.50)." 



PIP IN CHICKENS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The crust which is seen on a chicken's tongue when 
it has pip, is generally taken for the disease itself, 
whereas it is only a symptom of the disease. Pip 
is a disease which attacks the digestive organs of 
chickens, the stomach, the bowels, and it also affects 
the tongue. It is generally contracted from taking 
cold, improper feed, and other causes, which, to use 
a popular expression, gets the stomach out of order. 
In severe cases the whole body is affected, the func- 
tions of all the other organs is depressed, and if the 
body has not strength enough to throw off the dis- 
ease the chickens will die. The tongue, on which the 
disease is generally noticed, suffers from inactivity, 
the superficial epidermis, which falls off continuously 
in the healthy chicken, is only partly removed, hangs 
on here and there, thus the saliva causes the parts to 
stick together and they form a crust on the tongue. 
If this becomes so thick that it interferes with the 
taking of feed, it may be removed if it can be easily 
done, otherwise it is cruel to do it. 

The sick chickens should be separated from the 
others, kept in a dry and warm room and be given 
soft lukewarm feed with a dash of a condition pow- 
der. A mixture of 8 parts pulverized rhubarb, 2 



ginger, 2 licorice and 2 gentian can be recommended. 
The mouth should be painted twice a day with a 4-5 
per cent, solution of potassium chloride. If the 
chickens sneeze, let them inhale the fumes from a 
few drops of tar put on a hot brick. With the ne- 
cessary care and plenty of fine grit, bone, sand, etc., 
the chickens will soon be all right again. 

H. WlNKELMAN. 

District of Columbia. 



REMEDY FOR SICK TURKEYS. 

Last season, while experimenting with ailing fowls, 
I discovered that spirts of turpentine is the best rem- 
edy, by far, that I have ever used or ever heard of 
being used for sick turkeys. The drug must be used 
sparingly, for it is a strong medicine and young 
turkeys are very delicate. Sometimes a little one 
will tumble over after a dose has been given and 
seem to be dying, but leave him alone; he will get 
over the bad effect after a little while and jump up 
and run away to find his mates. The next time he 
is seen a great improvement will be noticed. When 
a number of turkeys in one flock begin to look droopy, 
the most convenient way to administer the turpentine 
is to mix a little with the feed. Place before them, 
when they are hungry, about ten drops to half a pint 
of feed; but experience quickly teaches the practi- 
tioner how to use it in the best way. If too much is 
used in the feed they will refuse it. It is sometimes 
necessary to catch the turkey and drop a little of the 
medicine down his throat — one drop for very small 
birds and two, three or four for larger ones. It is 
good for them from a few days old to half grown. 
It is a particularly fine remedy for the bowel trouble 
that carries off so many young turkeys every year. 
If intelligently used this remedy will doubtless prove 
a great blessing to all who are struggling with the 
problem of how to save the lives of young turkeys. — 
C. Bovden. 



BEST FOR LAYING HENS. 

Get ready now for a full supply of properly cured 
clover or alfalfa hay for next winter. If you can- 
not grow it look about, you so that you can buy it. 
Clover or alfalfa hay to be the best for the hens 
should be cut at least a week sooner than it would 
naturally be cut to be cured for hay for market. In 
other words, cut early while the stems are tender. 
In this way, if nicely cured, it will be green clover 
or green alfalfa hay, and not dark brown or black as 
it is often seen. 



412 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



The Horse. 



NOTES. 

Secretary Percival Hicks, of the Southside Agri- 
cultural Association, North, Mathews county, Va., 
has issued prospectus of the Southside Futurity for 
foals of 1904, the guaranteed value of which is $100. 
The event is to be decided at the 1906 fall meeting of 
this Association. Any foal owned by any citizen of 
Virginia may be nominated on payment of $1. 
Nominations close September 1, 1904, and 20 foals 
to nominate. This stake is an indication of the in- 
terest in harness horses that prevails in Mathews and 
adjoining counties, and doubtless the response from 
breeders there will be liberal. 

Two very handsome and promising yearlings are 
owned by James Cox at Belgravia Farm, Mt. Jack- 
son, Va., both of whom were sired by Kelly, 2 :20, 
full brother to Expressive, 3, 2:12^, by Electioneer 
from famous thoroughbred Esther, by Express. One 
of these youngsters is a colt out of Charia, by Ax- 
telloid, second dam a sister to Charlie O, 2 :13£, by 
Sam Purdy, and the other is a filly from Frances S. 
Dayton, 2 :27f , by Cadmus, Jr., next dam the great 
brood mare Daisy Dayton. The colt is on the mare 
order, and promises to develop grand size and with it 
both speed and race horse quality. 

<<5* ^* J* 

The fine mare, Florence Miles, 2:21|, by Prophet 
Wilkes, dam by Red Champion, owned by Free 
Bridge Commissioner R. C. Broaddus, of Manches- 
ter, Va., recently dropped a bay colt by Great Stakes, 
2 :20, and bred to Kelly, 2 :27, the son of Electioneer 
and famous Esther. In addition to Florence Miles, 
many other good mares have been mated with Kelly, 
and indications are bright for the bay stallion to be 
favored with the choicest lot of matrons ever sent to 
the court of one horse in this section. 

<5* <(?• <(?* 

President J. T. Anderson, Secretary W. O. War- 
then, and Manager C. W. Smith, of the Richmond 
Horse Show Association, are making extensive prepa- 
rations for the fourth annual exhibition, the dates of 
which are October 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st and 22d. 
Entries close October 4th, or two weeks ahead of the 
show, and the indications are that a number of the 
greatest show horses in America will be seen here 
then. 

J& t£» ^* 

C. A. Pusey, veteran trainer and driver, of this 
city, who has brought out a number of good horses 
since his first association with the Blue Bull mare, 
Lona Guffin, 2 :23^, back in the early eighties, is still 
in the game, and will take the brown pacing gelding, 



The Spaniard, 2 :19|-, by Castleton, down the line this 
season. The Spaniard is entered in several import- 
ant early closing events, among his engagements be- 
ing the 2 :20 pace, purse $2,000, at the Narragansett 
Park Grand Circuit meeting. 

^w %&& ^% 

In Lepanto, the big, handsome son of Petoskey, 
Bannister and Rhodes, of Roanoke, Va., are offering 
the breeders of that section the services of a trotting 
stallion whose claims should not be neglected. Pe- 
toskey is standard and registered himself, and has 
shown his potency in siring standard speed. As a 
yearling, he swept the show ring in the Blue Grass 
region of Kentucky, and while still in his colthood 
was sold from there and brought East. Lepanto was 
sired by Petoskey, one of the best sons of George 
Wilkes, and through his dam he gets the potent thor- 
oughbred blood of Lexington, a refining factor in a 

number of trotting pedigrees. 

Jt j. ,«* 

Col. Barton H. Grundy, of this city, owns a grand 
looking horse in Javanais, the imported French 
Coach stallion by Agnadel, dam Rapide. Javanais 
was formerly owned by the Hon. Joseph C. Sibley, 
one of the most advanced students of breeding in 
America, who thought so highly of the brown stal- 
lion that he bred many of his mares to him. The large 
handsome son of Agnadel is in the stud at A. Pol- 
lard's Dunraven farm, near Richmond, where he will 
•make the season. Upon request, either Col Grundy 
or Mr. Pollard will forward an interesting stud cir- 
cular of Javanais. 

*£rt t&& t^r 1 

Robert Ransom, 2 :29f , the brown stallion by Gam- 
betta, dam Black Maria, by C. M. Clay, Jr., bred and 
owned by Joseph Lassiter, of this city, died here 
recently, his death being due to an attack of acute 
indigestion. Robert Ransom was foaled in 1887, 
and passed the greater part of his life in the stud. 
J* j» j» 

C. Klocke, of Woodville Farm, Crewe, Va., has 
lost by death from influenza the brown stallion 
North wood, by Norfolk, dam Maggie A., by Chos- 
roes. This horse had recently been purchased by 
Mr. Klocke from Joseph Lassiter, of this city. 
Northwood was bred by the late H. C. Chamblin, at 
Whitby Farm. 

t^» %£T* i&* 

Robert Bradley has leased to Boiling Island, 
Stokes, Va., the handsome thoroughbred stallion Ray 
S., by imp. Speculator, dam Helianthus, by Hyder 
Ali. He will be used mostly as a sire of hunters and 
jumpers, for which he seems well fitted, having fine 
size, good muscular development, and an even temper. 

Broad Rock. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



413 



Miscellaneous. 



ON WHAT DOES THE FERTILITY OF A SOIL 
DEPEND? 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It is a well known fact that the crops which a soil 
under general farming conditions profitably produces 
are limited to certain crops for each soil. We speak 
of wheat soils, rye and barley soils, of potato and 
sugar beet soils, etc., with the understanding that 
these soils are especially adapted to producing these 
crops, and that these crops are the leading crops for 
those soils, and on which the farmer can depend. 
With manure and fertilizers we *can increase the 
yield of crops, but we cannot change the adaptiveness 
of a soil for certain crops — that is to sav, we cannot 
change a rye or barley soil into a wh^at soil or a 
potato into a sugar beet soil, though under very 
favorable conditions a satisfactory yield of these 
crops may, off and on, generally once in a rotation be 
obtained. 

The better yield of one or two crops on a soil over 
all other crops, all the properties of the soil being rep- 
resented so to speak in that crop, has been used 
abroad to classify the soils according to crops. It is 
something permanent, not subject to changes, for 
even the poorest treatment of a soil, though it may 
considerably reduce the yield of that crop, does not 
rob the soil of its adaptness for it. 

The yield of crops, good physical conditions pro- 
vided, is generally attributed to the difference in the 
amount of plant food. There is no doubt that the 
rich diked marsh soils bordering the North Sea, con- 
tain more plant food than most upland soils, and a 
clay soil more than a sandy soil. But this does not 
explain why a sandy soil, if it is provided with all 
the plant food the loam and clay soil possesses, does 
not produce the crops indigenous to these soils. It 
occurred to me that whilst the larger quantities of 
plant food applied to sandy soils on farms with a 
very intensive management were entirely insuffi- 
cient compared with those contained in the clay and 
better loam soil, possibly by doubling or tripling the 
quantity the crops could be grown. Experiments 
which I undertook to test this showed that I was mis- 
taken. It then occurred to me, that possibly the in- 
ability of sandy soils to produce the crops was prob- 
ably due to the inability of the plants heretofore 
grown on heavier soils, to take up food on sandy 
soils. Owing to the greater fineness of the prevail- 



ing clay soil grains on the heavier soils the roots 
would come in contact in the heavier soils with a 
greater number of soil grains, and it would prob- 
ably be necessary for plants to adapt their root sys- 
tem to the coarser and therefore less numerous grains 
of the sandy soils before the plants could take up the 
food contained in these soils. But, as I will show 
later on, this also proved to be wrong. I was then 
almost ready to give up the problem when I thought 
of one more explanation. Was it not possible that 
the poor growth of crops indigenous on heavy soils 
if grown on sandy soils, however well they were fer- 
tilized, was due to the inability of the soil grains to 
supply the plants with food? Was it not possible 
that plants could take up food, with the exception of 
nitrogen, from the soil grains only, that the grains 
must contain the food, and that the applied food must 
first enter into an available compound with the soil 
grains before it could be taken up ? And was it not 
also possible that if the applied food could not do 
this, due to the chemical composition of the soil 
grains, that it could not be taken up at all by the 
plants, no matter how much of it was preserved in 
the soil? 

To test this to see if the quality of the soil grains 
would influence the assimilating of food by plants in 
the presence of large quantities of it, I selected a 
gray loamy sand, which heavily manured, would pro- 
duce a poor crop of red clover only. For improving 
the quality of the soil grains I selected a very stiff 
red clay, and for decreasing the quality, quartz flour. 
The check soil after it was mixed in certain propor- 
tion with the clay and quartz flour, was filled in 
eight inch pots, ten pounds in each pot. The soils 
were mixed in the following proportions : 

Pot 1. 9 pounds check soil, 1 pound clay. 

Pot 2. 9-J pounds check soil, one-half pound clay. 

Pot 3. 10 pounds check soil. 

Pot 4. 9-| pounds check soil, one-half pound quartz 
flour. 

Pot 5. 9 pounds check soil, 1 pounds quartz flour. 

To the pots containing the clay were added 40 
grams dry cattle manure, 15 grams lime, and to each 
of the other three pots, 3, 4 and 5, in addition, 3 
grams hardwood ashes, 100 c.c. of a very rich liquid 
manure. These quantities correspond approximately 
for the two pots to the following quantities per acre : 
12 tons manure, 2,000 pounds lime, and for the three 
pots in addition 400 pounds hardwood ashes, 700 



414 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[June, 



gallons liquid manure, more than sufficient to pro- 
duce a good crop of clover. 

When the soil had been mixed, the lime and ash 
was added, and the soil kept moist for four weeks to 
give the lime time to act. The manure was then 
applied and also given four weeks time to decom- 
pose. The liquid manure was finally added, and 
two days later red clover sown. The pots were kept 
in the cool part of a green house approaching out- 
door conditions. The result was: 

Pot 1. One pound clay, extra fine clover. 

Pot 2. One-half pound clay, fine clover. 

Pot 3. Check soil, poor clover. 

Pot 4. One-half pound quartz flour, poorer clover. 

Pot 5. One pound quart flour, very poor clover. 
Plants came up and stood still, some died out. 

The results of this experiment are very interesting 
in so far as they show that plants can be surrounded 
by large quantities of easily available plant food and 
still suffer from want of food, because the conditions 
are such that the plants cannot take it up. The re- 
sults indicate that plants take up food from the soil 
grains only, that the soil grains therefore must con- 
tain the food the plants need and that the applied 
unnatural food will only benefit the plants if it can 
enter with a sufficient number of the soil grains into 
the available food the growing crop needs. The soil 
grains may contain food and the applied mineral 
food may combine with the soil grains, foods which 
will produce good yields of probably half a dozen 
other crops, but if the soil grains, directly or indi- 
rectly, cannot supply the growing plants with the 
proper food, the plants will make a poor crop only. 
We know that some soils produce a splendid crop of 
rye, but a poor crop of wheat ; that good pea are poor 
bean soils, and that the best potato soils seldom pro- 
duce good beets. 

The experiment also shows that the fertility of 
soils increases with the increasing number of clay 
grains, the most profitable percentage varying, how- 
ever, with the quality of the other soil grains, with 
the climate, the altitude and general farming con- 
ditions. The profitable limit is generally reached 
with the beginning difficulty in tilling the soil, or 
keping it in a good physical condition, and in the 
resistance it gives to the development of the weaker 
rooted plants. It is, however, not always the soils 
which contain the greatest number of clay grains, 
though they are the most fertile, that are also the 
most profitable. In some soils the different kinds 
of grains, clay, silt, sand, are so well balanced that 
they produce certain crops of such superior quality 



and of such large yields that the profits derived from 
these crops compare very favorably with those of the 
more fertile soils. That there is a difference in the 
amount of available mineral matter in different soils 
is shown by the application of highly nitrogenous 
fertilizing material. On heavy soils richer min- 
eral food, and larger quantities of nitrogen can be ap- 
plied with better results than on the lighter soils. 
Nitrogen food on these soils unbalances the mineral 
food, causing a rank growth of the stems and vines 
and an inferior quality of growth of grain and seed, 
which often even applications of mineral food cannot 
always overcome. As the applied nitrogen is taken 
up directly by the plants and the mineral food in- 
directly has first to combine with the soil grains, the 
different effect is easily understood. 

Whether well decomposed organic matter can take 
the place of soil grains in supplying plants with food, 
only to a certain extent, or if it is only beneficial to 
the soil as a source of carbonic acid and nitrogen, in 
making the soil loose and porous and increasing its 
water holding power, remains to be seen. To judge 
from the vegetation on peat bogs, where we are able 
to increase and change this vegetation by manuring 
and fertilizing, it seems that decomposed organic 
matter can take the place of soil grains. The crops 
which can be grown on well decomposed peat are, 
however, comparatively few. The hay, straw and 
grain is of a very inferior quality, poor in sugar and 
starch, very light weighted and possesses little feed- 
ing value. 

I have, of course, no proof that plants can take up 
food from the soil grains only. But the results of 
the experiment, as well as the daily experience of 
thousands of farmers show, that the fertility of a soil 
increases with the increasing quality of the soil 
grains. A sufficient percentage of the soil grains 
must possess the food the growing crop needs or 
have the ability to combine with the applied min- 
eral food to supply the kind of food the crop needs. 
If the soil grains, due to their chemical nature, can- 
not do this, or not in sufficient quantities, the crop 
cannot be profitably grown, no matter how much 
mineral food is applied to the soil. 

District of Columbia. H. Winkelman. 



HAWKS AND CROWS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In the May number you and Dr. Snead take issue 
on the status of the crow. The Doctor has it in for 
Mr. Crow all right, but he is not a good prosecuting 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



415 



attorney, as in indicting said crow he loses sight of 
the worst count against him — viz. : the constant busi- 
ness of the crow is to destroy eggs and young birds 
(most country people know this and any one can sat- 
isfy himself of the fact by a little observation). If 
one crow destroys 50 Robin, Wren and Blue bird eggs 
in a season, where does his usefulness as a grub de- 
stroyer come in ? That is the trouble with the crow. 
These birds eat more insects than the crow, and do 
no harm whatever. If the only harm the crow did 
was to steal a few chicks or pull up some corn, I 
agree with you that he would more than pay for it. 
But the crows are increasing in number very rapidly 
here, and our song and insectiverous birds are on the 
decrease owing to the crow, assisted by the blue jay, 
the grey squirrel and the English sparrow, that dirty 
pest that has driven our song birds from our yards, 
where they used to build for protection. You give 
figures showing contents of stomachs of owls, hawks 
and crows, but you do not say at what time of year 
those hawks were killed. The varieties of hawks 
that kill chickens do so early and late in the season 
and seldom catch a chick when grasshoppers Are 
plentiful. The Department of Agriculture is great,! 
but it makes some serious mistakes, as witness ihej 
introduction of the English sparrow and German 
carp in this country. Though to be honest, I don't 
know that the Agricultural Department did introduce 
the English sparrow. (It did not. — -Ed.) But some 
"wise acre" did so to "destroy grub worms," etc. 

You advocate planting cow peas in corn. Will 
you kindly tell me in your next issue if peas planted 
in corn at last working will keep until the corn and 
provender can be hauled in. I wish to sow my corn 
field in peas and turn in hogs when I get the corn 
out, provided the peas will not rot by that time. I 
will not be able to gather them. I planted peas and 
also sorghum two years ago in rows two and one-half 
feet, as you advocate in last Planter, one peck will 
plant an acre and make more both peas and vines 
than one bushel sowed. Also I made a heavy crop 
sowing half a bushel to the acre. H. Compton. 

Prince George Co., Md. 

In our remarks on Dr. Snead's article in the May 
issue we were only able to speak generally as to the 
food of the crows, as at the time we wrote we were 
unable to put our hands on the official reports. We 
bare since placed our hands on them, and quote as 
follows : "The adult American crow is vegetarian to 
the extent of two-thirds of its diet, and half of the 
vegetable food consists of grain. But nestling crows 
consume large quantities of cut worms, grasshoppers, 



May beetles, both larval and adult, thus rendering 
considerable more service to agriculture than the 
adult birds. In fact, the quantity of insect pests 
they consume exceeds in volume more than two to 
one the corn they take." The data indicate that the 
service of the nestling crow blackbirds in destroying 
insect pests, such as cut worms, May beetles, weevils 
and grasshoppers far outweighs the loss due to its 
consumption of corn. As to the English sparrow. 
We are not willing that even this bird should be left 
without defence. Whilst the old birds are no doubt 
largely vegetarian in diet, yet the nestlings are in- 
sectiverous to the extent of more than half their food. 
The quantity of insects, worms and grubs which a 
pair of old sparrows will feed to their many broods 
in one season is enormous. As, to the crime of driv- 
ing away native birds, this we believe to be much 
exaggerated. The greatest enemy of all our birds is 
the boy (white and black) with a gun. He kills in- 
discriminately all birds and animals he can, and those 
he does not kill, he drives away. There ought to be 
a tax on every gun, and then we would soon have 
plenty of birds, notwithstanding the sparrow. — Ed. 



THE PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL BUILDING AT 
THE VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE (AG- 
RICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE). 

Kditor Southern Planter: 

It will be remembered by the readers of the 
Planter that I have had considerable to say about 
the importance of having a good agricultural build- 
ing at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute (State Agri- 
cultural and Mechanical College). I am glad 
to report that such a building is now within sight, 
but when it will be completed is not definitely known, 
certainly not as soon as we had hoped. In a recent 
interview with the president, Dr. J. M. McBryde, I 
was informed that the proposed building would cost 
thirty-five thousand dollars. This is fifteen thou- 
sand less than we hoped to see put into such a build- 
ing, but it is fifteen thousand more than the Board 
at first asked the Legislature for wherewith to build 
such a building. Whether "airing the subject" a 
little in the Planter helped to increase the Board's 
appreciation of the subject of agriculture at this In- 
stitution or not, I know not, still we are glad to get 
the fifteen thousand additional. It should be stated 
also that Dr. McBryde informed me that by using his 
own superintendent, plumber and electric light ex- 
pert, he could add ten thousand more to the building, 



416 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[June, 



which would make the building be worth about forty- 
five thousand dollars. 

As in addition to the Agricultural and Horticultu- 
ral Department we learn that the departments of Vet- 
erinary Science and Entomology are to be provided 
with accommodation in the building we repeat our 
former statement, that thirty-five thousand dollars is 
not enough. But we are informed that this sum was 
all the Board asked the Legislature to give for such a 
building, and the Legislature gave every cent asked 
for. Now, if a decent building worthy the interests 
it will represent cannot be put up and be properly 
equipped for all these departments for this sum, it is 
very easy to place the responsibility. The farmers 
want the short course in agriculture, and this course 
ought to draw, in a few years, one hundred men. 

It is intended to make the building a substantial 
stone structure, with modern improvements. The 
site selected is a commanding one, with ample room 
for additional buildings. The school of agriculture 
has waited nearly twenty years for such a building, 
and the "long felt want" will, we hope, now soon be 
met. The Experiment station work has been largely 
side tracked and the farmers of the State have been 
calling for more and better station work, but have 
not been boisterous or impatient. Now, we want 
to see things "wake up and move out" along this 
line. We want to see good laboratories for scien- 
tific investigation, as well as large rooms for class 
instruction. Serious problems of far-reaching im- 
portance now confront many Virginia farmers. How 
to improve most economically the worn soil that has 
become thin by continuous cropping, how to make 
farm labor remunerative, and the farm laborers con- 
tented. These and many more problems are of vital 
importance to the future welfare of the State. Let 
us build for the future. R. H. Price. 

Montgomery Co., Va. 



THE VIRGINIA CORN EXHIBIT AT THE LOUISIANA 
PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, 1904. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

As previously noted in your journal, the Virginia 
Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 
as a stimulus for a fine corn exhibit, offered $120 in 
premiums, as follows: 

$50 for the best collection of ten or more varieties 
collected and sent in from any one county. 

$30 for the second best collection of ten or more 
varieties collected and sent in from any one county. 

$20 for the third best collection of ten or more va- 
rieties collected and sent in from any one county. 



$20 for the best 100 ears sent in by any grower in 
the State. 

On March 1st a committee consisting of Mr. W. 
P. Wood, of T. W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, Mr. 
Howard Swineford, of Chesterfield county, and Hon. 
D. A. Slaughter, of Culpeper county, met at the 
Commission ware rooms, No. 14 Governor street, 
Richmond, Va., and made the following awards : 

$50 for the best collection of corn, to J. Houston 
Leech, who collected and sent in from Rockbridge 
county between 35 and 40 samples of corn. 

$30 for second best collection of corn, to E. M. 
Minnick, who collected and sent in from Rocking- 
ham county between 20 and 25 samples of corn. 

The $20 for the third best collection had no entry, 
and in view of the long list and magnificent exhibit 
sent in by contestants for the best 100 ears prize, the 
committee* recommended that this $20 be made into 
a second, third and fourth prize, in the sums of $10 
for the second, and $5 for the third and fourth, and 
be added to the prize list in the 100 ear contest, this 
recommendation was approved, and the awards were 
made as follows : 

First prize of $20 was awarded to Wilson Whit- 
more, of Red Mills, Rockbridge county, on 100 ears 
of Red Warrior corn. 

Second prize of $10 was awarded to Mrs. A. C. 
Bransford, of Shirley, Va., on 100 ears of white corn. 

Third prize of $5 was awarded to Mrs. W. T. 
Sutherlin, Danville, Va., on 100 ears white corn. 

Fourth prize of $5 was awarded to S. A. Ryman, 
Timberville, Rickingham county, on 100 ears of Yel- 
low Dent corn. 

These prizes were contested for from all over the 
State, there being over 100 entries in the 100 ear 
contest, and in reaching a decision the committee had 
a most arduous task, which they discharged in the 
most conscientious manner, repeatedly comparing 
rival samples to remove all doubt as to which was 
best, and their final verdict was that the whole collec- 
tion was one that reflected great credit upon the State. 

All corn that was sent in unwrapped is being care- 
fully gone over and wrapped in paper, so as to be 
shipped to St. Louis in good condition, to be exhibited 
in the producer's name, which list of names will also 
be furnished the exposition authorities at St. Louis, 
so that they may appear in the official catalogue. 

In closing, I beg, in behalf of the Commission, to 
thank the Virginia corn growers for their cordial co- 
operation. Very truly, 

Geo. E. Murrei/l, 
Superintendent Virginia Commission to the Louis- 
iana Purchase Exposition. 



When corresponding with advertisers, kindly men- 
tion the Southern Planter. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



417 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE SOUTHERN PUNTER PUBLISHING C01P1 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Issued on 1st of each Month. 



J. F. JACKSON, 

Editor and General Manager. 

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 

BUSINKI8 MANAOEB. 



TERMS FOR ADVERTISING. 
Rate card furnished oa appiie&ttea. 

TERMS FOR SUBSCRIPTION. 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to 
subscribers In the United States and Caaada 
at 50c. per annum; all foreign countries and 
the city of Richmond, 75c. 

ALWAYS GIVE THE NAME of the Post- 
Office to which your paper Is sent Your 
name cannot be found on our books unless 
this Is done. 

THE DATE ON YOUR LABEL shows to 
what time your subscription Is paid. 

NO ANONYMOUS communications or en- 
aulries will receive attention. 

REMITTANCES should be made direct to 
this office, either by Registered Letter or 
Money Order, which will be at our risk. When 
m ade otherwise we cannot be responsible. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us on any 
agricultural topic. We are always pleased to 
receive practical articles. Criticism of Arti- 
cles, Suggestions How to Improve THE 
PLANTER, Descriptions of New Grains, 
Roots, or Vegetables not generally known, 
Particulars of Experiments tried, or Improved 
Methods of Cultivation are each and all wel- 
come. Contributions sent us must not be 
furnished other papers until after they have 
appeared in our columns. Rejected matter 
will be returned on receipt of postage. 

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive their pa- 
per promptly and regularly, will confer a 
favor by reporting the fact at once. 

Address THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, 

RICHMOND. VA. 



PUBLISHER'S NOTES. 



TO ADVERTISERS. 

We wish to impress upon our 
advertisers the necessity of hav- 
ing all advertisements, no matter 
whether new or change of copy, 
in our office .by the 24th of each 
month. Advertising forms close 
on the 25th. We are compelled to 
leave a number of advertisements 
out of each issue because they are 
received too late. 



Entered at the Post-office, Richmond, 
Va., as second-class matter. 



DETAIL INDEX TO ENQUIRER'S 
COLUMN. 

Rotation of Crops 397 

Curing Clover Hay 397 

Bermuda Gras3 398 

Grass for Name 398 

Best Laying Hens — Peas and Sor- 
ghum — Cow Pea — Storing Tur- 
nips — Profitable Crops for Late 

Sowing — Beet Cutter 398 

Applying Nitrate of Soda — Irish 

Potatoes 398 

Celery Growing — Irish Potatoes.. 399 
Vinegar Making — Sowing Alfalfa. 399 

Wolf Teeth in Horses 399 

Worms in Turkeys 399 

Lime— Alfalfa 399 

Vinegar Making — Tanning a Hide. 400 
Abnormal Growth of Irish Pota- 
toes 400 

Hogs in Orchard — Fertilizer for 

Beans — Dairy Cow 400 

Preparation for Corn Crop 400 

Poultry House 401 

Salt 401 

Obstructed Teat of Cow 401 

Canning Snap3 and Tomatoes 401 

Destroying Horns by Caustic 401 

Cow Peas for Hay 401 



Whose Money? 

On April 5th, we received a 
fifty cent piece in one of our self- 
addressed envelopes, without any 
evidence of who the sender is. As 
near as we can decipher it, the post 
mark is Blacksburg, Va. We can- 
not, of course, give any one credit 
until we know who sent the money. 



BACK NUMBERS. 

In our last issue we advertised 
for back numbers of the South- 
ern Planter and responses to 
the ad were so numerous that we 
readily secured all we needed, for 
which we are very much obliged to 
the various senders. 

Numbers of our readers did not 
comply with the terms of this ad 
and sent us their whole volume 
for 1903 without our asking for 
them. The packages we could 
identify we promptly returned, 
but we have still others on hand 
yet that we are unable to identify. 

We simply publish this notice 
by way of acknowledging the kind- 
ness of our subscribers and to not- 
ify others that we have their pa- 
pers, which we do not need and 
do not know to whom to return 
them. 



She: Oh! Mr. Borem, how do you 
do? I was talking to Mrs. Nexdore just 
now and I couldn't help thinking of 
you. 

He: And was she discussing me? 

She: Not exactly. She was com- 
menting on the weather, and just asked 
me if I could imagine anything more 
tiresome and disagreeable. 



T. W. WOOD & SONS 
Are Headquarters For 

Cow Peas 



and 



Soja Beans 

Cow Peas make a large yielding 
and most nutritious hay crop even 
on poor or medium land, and the 
roots and stubble plowed under 
improves both the condition and 
productiveness of the soil leaving 
it in much better condition than 
before the crop was grown. 

Mammoth Yellow Soja Beans 
unquestionably make the richest 
and most nutritious feed crop 
grown on the farm. Equally valu- 
able grown either as a hay crop or 
for the beans. Better than Unseed 
or cotton seed meal for fattening 
stock. 

Full information about these valuable 

crops in Wood's Seed BookfoF 1904. 

Write for it and Special Price 

List of Seasonable Seeds. 

T.W. Wood & Sons, Seedsmen, 

RICHMOND - VIRGINIA. 







YOU 

OYOU WANT 
YOU OUGHT 
AND YOU 



If you will use Bacteria from Ewell Farm 
enough soil to infect one acre for one dollar. 

Write for circular. 

Address QEO. CAMPBELL BROWN, 
EWELL FARM. ... Spring Hill, Tenn. 

SAN JOSE SCALE 

and other INSECTS killed by 

GOOD'S 

Caustic Potash Wha!e-0i! Soap No. 3 

Endorsed by U. S. Dept. of Agri. and State Experiment 
Stations. This soap is a Fertilizer as well as an Insecti- 
cide. 50-lb. kegs, $2.50; 100-lb. kegs, S4.50; halt barrel, 
2701b., 3Jcperlb: barrel, 4251b., 3ic. Send for circulars 

.iames<j«m»i>. i»ri«i m ,i sinker. 

989-41 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 



WILL 



One handsome dark red GAME COCK, "war 
Horse'" breed, for three pure-bred one year 
old barred Plymouth Rock hens. This strain 
of chickens has been bred and kept pure by 
Mr. James Norwood for fifty years. If not 
satisfactory will pay express charges both 
ways. W. B. MBARES, Hillsboro, N. C. 



mm 



FRAZER 

Axle Grease J-& 

Its wearing qualities are unsurpassed, ac- 
tually outlasting 3 bis. any other brand, 
Not affected by heat. 4»"Get the Genuine. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DBALERS. 



418 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



THE MIETZ &. WEISS 

Oil and Gas Engine 

Stationary & Marine From 1-60 H. P. 

(CONSTANT THRUST), 

Adopted by the U. S. and Foreign Govern- 

meits. 

Runs with common 
Kerosene, Distillate or 
Fuel oil. 

No dangerous Gaso- 
lene used. 

It win pay you to 
consult me before 
placing your order 
elsewhere. 

For Pumping, Elec- 
tric lighting, Charging 
Storage Batteries, and 
all other Power Pur- 
poses. 

DIRECT COUPLED OR BELTED DYNAMO; 
Highest Award for Direct Coupled En- 
gine and Dynamo, Paris Exposition, 
1800; Gold Medal, Pan-American Expo- 
aition, 1901; Gold Medal", Charles- 
ton, S. C, Exposition, 1902. 
Hoists, Marine Engines. Pum s, Air Com- 
pressors, Portable Outfits, Dynamos. 
A. MIETZ, 128-138 Mott St., New York, U.S.A. 
Sead for Catalogue, Department 37. 





The FARQUHAR Rake 
SEPARATOR 

Threshes and cleans all kinds of grain, 
wheat, oats, etc., perfectly. Built for steam 
or horse power. Light running and simple. 
Made in three sizes. 

Write for new 1904 catalog of engines, 
boilers, saw-mills and threshing machinery. 

Seeourexllibitat St. Lr,uis in tlu; Py !;i-:e of Agriculture. 
A. B. FtRQlllAR tc CO., M<1., York. Pa. 



T^.U 




STEEL 

ROOPING 
ETC. 



STEEL FENCING. 

0. K. HARRY STEEL WORKS, g^M: 




Heebner's Ensilage Cutter 

1 . r/rrn. CoU both Mi«lTwr>»ri»i <lry fvcMcT. Cut§M(l 
■ i - radm, tnnklrif nh-.le Mock ptbfcvbls. With ?5 at- 
tachment, htcimr* so «xcelUnt •hre'M«r, tbrcr machines in ons. 
!><.-* ail kin !■ -.f 1*«\ cuttlnc- Our I»w PrW<1 Trewl and Leter 
Po-fM *''•' "Jlitl'to t«T all farm purine. Catftl'-rue mallei free. 

Heobner & Sons, 26 Broad St., Lantdalo, Pa. 



WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 

Mr. W. B. Meares has a couple of ads 
in this number to which we invite at- 
tention. 

Mr. B. B. Buchanan, owner of the 
Oaks Stock Farm, is offering his place 
for sale in this issue. 

Farms of all sizes in Southside Vir- 
ginia are advertised by Mr. L. H. Yan- 
cey. 

The Peterson Mfg. Co. offers its well 
known Imperial Clod Crusher and 
Pulverizer in this number. 

St. Albans School has a very attrac- 
tive card on another page. We suggest 
that parents send for prospectus of 
this splendid academy before sending 
their boys elsewhere. 

Some very fine Poland China hogs 
are offered by Mr. E. T. Robinson, 
Lexington, Va. 

Shropshire sheep can be had of Mr. 
A. S. Craven. Refer to his ad in an- 
other column. 

Some good stock at low prices can 
be bought of Rev. S. S. Hepburn. Look 
up his announcement elsewhere. 

A new advertiser in this issue is 
the Beechenbrook Stock Farm, of 
which Mr. Williamson Talley is pro- 
prietor. Choice Berkshires are the 
offering this month. 

Some finely bred Aberdeen Angus 
cattle are offered by Rear Admiral B. 
F. Day. Look up his ad on another 
page. 

Our readers have an opportunity of 
purchasing some fine Berkshires of 
Glenburn Farm. Note the ad. on an- 
other page. 

O. I. C. hogs are offered elsewhere 
in this issue by F. S. Michie. His 
prices and breeding are right. 

Among the new advertisers in this 
issue are J. J. Koger & Sons. Their 
well drilling outfits can be had at rea- 
sonable prices. 

Mr. J. S. Funk, of Glen Farm, is 
offering Polled Durham cattle, Shrop- 
shire sheep, and Poland China hogs 
in this issue. 

The Hurst Mfg. Co. is offering a 
sprayer, which is well worth investi- 
gating. 

Some nice Hereford youngsters can 
be had of W. J. McCandless. 

Parties having a desirable stock 
farm for sale will do well to refer to 
the ad of F. W. Meyer. 

Poland Chinas and Shropshires are 
the offering of J. F. Durrette this 
month. 

P. M. Funkhouser is offering some 
of his finely bred Chester Whites. 

Shorthorn cattle, White Yorkshire 
hogs are advertised by Mr. J. M. Hoge. 

Some very fine Collie pups are the 
offering of Mr. A. P. White, Jr. He 
has the blood of J. Pierpont Morgan's 
$3,000 dog in his kennels. 

The Maplewood herd of Berkshires 
is making a bid for the patronage of 
our readers. Messrs. J. F. Tucker & 
Sons, the owners, would like to talk 
Berkshires to interested parties. 

Note the change in the Bowmont 
Farm ad this month. Bowmont is of 




Wagon Box and Rack 



20th 

CENTURY 

One of the most convenient, useful, and labor-sav- 
ing articles ever offered to the farmer. Substan- 
tially made and finished from best materials. Mal- 
leable casting's and very strong. When closed it is 
available for hauling corn, potatoes, wood, live 
stock, etc. By suspending canvas or muslin from 
top, inside, will hold 100 bushels of bulk grain. 

SIDES CAN BE LOWERED INSTANTLY 

And it becomes a solid rack for hauling hay, straw, 
fodder, sheaf wheat etc., with ample strength and 
capacity for three tons. Very convenient for 
husking corn with side lowered as shown in cut. 
Made 14 feet long and regular widths. Sold direct 
to farmers at manufacturers' prices, freight pre- 
paid. Write for Catalogue and prices. 

MODEL MFG. CO. Box 28 Af tff»c/e, Ind. 



THE IMPROVED 

SGKIWSTUIIP PULLER 

Write for Prices. 




Chamberliti Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y„ U. S. A . 
HERCULES STUMP PULLER 




ClearB an acre of heavy timber land each day 
Clears all stumps in a circle of 150 ft. without 
morlng or changing machine, Strongest, most 
rapid working and best made. 
Hercules Mfg. Co., 413 17th St., Centreville. Iowa. 



f^ Running Streams 

'11 force their own waters or water from 
rings to your buildings, fields or storage 
kSj any height or distance with the 




Rife 



out attention or expense. 
RIFE ENGINE CO., 



Hydraulic 
Engine. 

The power that's always going with" 
30 days trial. Book free. Ask for it- 
126 Liberty Street, New York. 



If You Have Not Been Able to Get a 

Hydraulic Pump or Ram 

and are In need of one, we are just introducing 
our new standand HYDRAULIC PUMPS, the 
simplest, best, cheapest and most convenient in 
every way, and you can secure one at cost by 
writing the 

STANDARD HYDRAULIC PUHP CO., 

Roanoke, Va. 



YOU CAN MAKE 53 T0510 A DAY 

Fitting glasses for us. Big profits- 

Our 24-page FREE EYE BOOK 
tells how. Write for It today. 

JACKSONIAN OPTICAL COLLEGE, Dept. 2098, 
Jackson, Mich. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



419 




DE LOACH PAT. 

Variable Friction Feed 



W1M 




Save Power and Repairs. Make Smooth Lumber. 
8uited to 4 H. P. up— for the farmer or the lum- 
ber man. Also shingle Mills. Lath Mills, Buhr 
Mills, Planers and Hav Presses. Catalog FREE. 



DeLOACH 



TRIPLEX HAV BALER. SELF-FEEDER. LOW IN PRICE 
For Hand, Horse or Belt Power. Leverage 40 to 1 

Bales quicker, easier and mce solid than &-ix 
o:her- Also Grinding Mills. Water Wheels, Etc. 
120 liberty st. D E L0 AC H M I LL M FG , CO. 
new york. Box 600 Atlanta, Ga. ST . louis 




The 



HAY 

PRESS 



Saves Time, Labor and Money. 



Red Ripper 




- THE RED RIPPER is the strongest, 
simplest and most durable hay press on 
the market; requires only one horse to 
operate; capacity, 15 to 20 full size bales 
(75 to 100 pounds) per hour. Costs less 
than any other good press and does more 
and better work than most presses cost- 
ing five times as mueh. 

Write for Free Illustrated Booklet. 
SIKES MFG. CO., Helena.Ga. 



LJiAimr IvJIN gasoune engine 
and HAT PRESS 

At It for 30 years and right up-to-date. 
Presses of every style and for every pur- 
pose, if wanting a Baling Press write to 

FAMOUS MF6, CO, eastchicaco, ind. 



BALES »™Si, HAY 




- alogoe ;;iv-s valuable pointers about Press construc- 

i operation. Our 37 years' experience make the Gem 

and Victor Pre-^^% most durable, easily operate/land leastex- 

p-nslYe. Sen* postal for bo-.V. HKO. KKTKI.CO., Onlner, III. 




course headquarters for Jerseys and in 
addition it has a splendid offering of 
the spring litters of Yorkshire pigs. 

Dorset sheep and Hereford cattle 
of good breeding can be had at reason- 
able prices of H. Armstrong. 

"Warner's Correspondence School has 
a card in another column to which we 
invite attention. 

Annefield Farms are always ready 
to talk Herefords and Berkshires. 

The Gibson & Lamb Co. say they are 
interesting numbers of our readers in 
their disinfectants and Lice Killer. 
We invite attention to their ad. 



Mention The Southern Planter 
when corresponding with advertisers. 



BEST PART OF A HOG. 

George S. Ham, of Cartersville, Ga., 
tells a good story on himself. 

"I was at a little old-fashioned town 
in the southern part of my State some 
time ago," he said, "where they didn't 
know that Lee had surrendered. 1 
was shown to my room in the little inn 
they called 'the hotel,' by an old uncle 
who shuffled as he walked and whose 
scant locks were as white as the cotton 
he was evidently used to picking. In 
a place like this town every one you 
meet wants to know your name and 
takes great interest in your personal 
history and business. The old uncle 
deposited my suit case, and before he 
turned to go I asked him to fetch a 
pitcher of water. 'All right, boss,' he 
said, 'whut mought yo' name be?' 

"I laughingly told him it was Ham — 
'just remember the best part of the 
hog,' I said, 'and you'll have it. He 
shuffled off down the hall and I had 
just about dozed into the land of nod 
when I was brought back to conscious- 
ness by a sharp rap at the door and 
heard the old man say: 

" 'Heah's yo' water, Marse Cb.it- 
lin's.' " — Louisville Herald. 



A NEW ELDORADO. 
A Scotch potato breeder has pro- 
duced a new variety that has recently 
sold at astonishing prices. Ten small 
potatoes in one sale brought an aver- 
age of $48.66 apiece. At another sale 
at which 14 potatoes were sold the 
average was $88.21, one choice speci- 
man weighing ten ounces selling at 
$238.46. This potato is called the 
Eldorado, and from the standpoint of 
its originator it seems to be well 
named. It is claimed to be an extreme- 
ly hardy variety and immune to the 
diseases which are incident to the 
moist climate of England. The prices 
paid for specimens are the result of a 
corner of the seed supply, which is 
closely held by the originator and a 
few others who hope to produce large 
quantities of seed to sell to the public 
at high figures. Similar speculations 
recorded in history have benefitted no- 
body but the few speculators. Practi- 
cal potato growers can afford to wait 
a few years for seed rather than pay 
extravagant prices for it. There will 
be plenty of Eldorados after a while, 
and we have some very good varieties 
now — maybe better than It is. 



THIS IS IT-\ 





The wag-on you are looking 1 for; t K e wagron folks 

are all talking about. By every test it is the best — 

I no living man can build a better. Of course you j 

have guessed that it's the 

ELEOTRIO wagon 



Low steel wheels; wide tire? and durability and 
good service written all over it. Don't be talked | 
into buying an inferior. Get the wagon that lasts. 
Or we'll sell you a set of Electric Steoi Wheels I 
and make your old wagon new 
at slight expense. Spokes united 
with the hub; absolutely im- 
possible to work loose. Sold on 
anioney-back guarantee. Their 
5js\ saving in time, labor, horse fiesn 
^r^=l and repair bills will pay forthem 
W«\ gin a single year. More than a 
^J million and a quarter in use. All 
we ask is a chance to tell you 
__ more about them. Drop us aline, 
j^/ we'll do the rest. Catalog free. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., 
Box 146 Quincy, III. » 

^iiiBBJifcWHMIWllllMHlM»y 
WE'LL PAY THE FREIGHT 

and send 4 liuggy W heels. Steel Tire on, . * 7.25 
With Rubber Tires, $15.00. I mfg. wheels % to 4 in. 
tread. Top Buggies, $28.75 ; Harness. $3-60. Write for 
catalogue. Learn how to buy vehicles and parts direct. 
Wagon Umbrella KUEE.VV. V.BOOB,Cincinnati, 0. 



FARMERS 

THE FONTAINE SHOCK BINDER Is used 
and recommended on the Test Farms of the 
United States, Virginia, North Carolina, and 
Illinois. It is a strong windlass, weighing 
three pounds. Saves labor. Prevents shocks 
falling. Keeps shocks dry Inside. Sent by 
express prepaid for $1.50. Write for free 
circular with testimonials and directions for 
cutting and shocking corn. Agents wanted. 
FONTAINE SHOCK BINDER CO., Christie, 
Va. 





T YOUR IDEAS 

100,000 offered for one in- 
vention; $8,500 for another 
Book "How to Obtain a Patent" 
and "What to Invent "sent free. Send 
rougrh sketch for free report as to 
patentability. We advertise your 
patent for sale at our expense. 
CHANDLEE & CHANDLEE, Patent Attorney 
976 F Street, Washington, D. C 

& ROOFING TIN j& 

Iron and paper roofing, nails, builder's hard- 
ware, sash, doors, etc., carriage and wagon 
goods, paints and oils, cook and heating stoves, 
guns, pistols, rifles, "Robin Hood" loaded shells. 
Do you use any of the above? Write us. 

HARRIS HARDWARE CO., ^ EB ^ 



Richm'd,Va. 



WARRINER5 
CHAIN HANGING 
STANCHION 

I CLEAN.SAFE, 

*.*.-SSS^. COMFORTABLE. 

MFG.BYW.B.CRUMBTcrestvilleloHN 



SECRET 

BENEVOLEN T S OCIETY FOR FARMERS 
AND THEIR WIVES. Pays $10 weekly tick, 
$20 weekly accident and $2,000 death benefit, 
and $50 eld age pension. Organizers waited; 
good pay. KNIGHTS OF AGRICULTURE, 
Washington, D. C. 



420 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[June, 



HURSTS 

POT ATOITRUC 




SPRAYS EVERYTHING— TREES, POTA- 
TOES, TRUCK, ORCHARDS, or anything 
requiring spraying. Rows, 4 at a time, 20 
acres per day. Even 2 acre growers say: 
"Pays itself first season." County Agents 
controlling territory make $15 to $20 per day. 
First order (where no agent) secures Dealer's 
price and Agency; or will ship on 10 days 
free trial at regular price. 

Write TO-DAY. Adv. won't appear again. 
H. L. HURST, Mfg. Co., Dept. 2, Canton, O. 



MskYour F SPRAY PUMPS 

DEALER f> Double-Aoting, LHt, 
R Power, Tauk and Spray 




Storfi Ladders, Etc. 
Barn Door Hangere 
Aluminum Finished 

HAY TOOLS 

of all kinds. VA rite for 
Circulars and Prices 

F.E.HyereA l!ro.A<ihl»n(1.0. 



VIRGINIA DIVISION. 

FARMER'S! MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. 

Chartered by State of Virginia. 
A Are Insurance Association for farmers *' 

Eastern Virginia. 
Organized January 9, 18H9 ; amount 1* 
*ured January 9, 1904. $370,000; policies ee 
lurod by real and personal property, e»tl 
mated value, $1,000,000. For further Inform* 
Hon address CHAS. N. FRIEND, Genera 1 
Agent, Chester, Va. 

IBSfiTE 

GREENSBORO, N.C. 

treatment of THE LIQUOR, OPIUM, MORPHINE .nc 
4hi ' ij? Addictions. The Tobbacco Habit. Nerve Exhaustior 



Water Problem Solved. 

The Roger Well Drilling Machine 
gets it. The farmers' friend. Es- 
pecially fi>r domestic well making. 
Cheapest, \>v htilf and the 
most practical of any. 
nest money mak- 
er on the market. 
Catalogue free. 

J.J. KOfJERS SONS, 
Mooretburg, Tenn. 




MAGAZINES. 

Although The Century for June is 
a Western number, five Presidents of 
the United States figure in it: Wash- 
ington, in Dr. Mitchell's "autobio- 
graphical" narrative; Jefferson, in a 
portrait by Kosciuszko, and an auto- 
graph letter, now first published, giv- 
ing a forecast of the value of the Lou- 
isiana Purchase; Lincoln, in an article 
on his first lawsuit, with autograph 
documents; Mr. Cleveland, in a short 
contribution by himself, "A Word for 
Forestry"; and Mr. Roosevelt, in an 
article by Gifford Pinchot, "The New 
Hope for the West," in which inciden- 
tally the President's record on forestry 
and irrigation is set forth. For the 
rest, with two or three exceptions, the 
contributions are all from beyond the 
Alleghanies, and every State and Ter- 
ritory is represented, either by the 
writer or by material of special local 
interest. 

Other features of general interest 
are: "Attractive Features of the St. 
Louis Exposition," by its President, 
David R. Francis; "The Conclusion of 
the Louisiana Purchase Treaty," two 
pictures by Andre Castaigne; "The 
Vitality of Mormonism," by Ray Stan- 
nard Baker; 'The Asiatic Trade of 
Our Pacific States," by Harvey W. 
Scott; "The Master Plowman of the 
West," i. e., the gopher, text and pic- 
tures by Ernest Thompson Seton; "A 
Curious Minnesota Romance," by 
Archer Butler Hulbert, of Ohio, giving 
fully and authoritatively the facts re- 
lating to a supposed heir to the Ser- 
vian throne now living in Minnesota. 

The fiction in the June Century is 
particularly representative of the west- 
ern half of the country. It includes: 
"The Missing Chord," a story of Texas 
by O. Henry, formerly a resident of 
Texas; "Grandmama," a tale of Lou- 
isiana in the old days, by Grace King 
of New Orleans; "By the Terrors of 
the Law," a story of Arkansas by Oc- 
tave Thanet, a winter resident of that 
State: "The Desperation of Mr. Boone 
Spivey," a story of the Tennessee 
mountains by Alice MacGowan of 
Chattanooga; "The Sectional House," 
a Stocktonesque tale of Iowa by Ellis 
Parker Butler of that State; "The 
Quality of Mercy," a story of the In- 
dian Territory by John M. Oskison, 
long a resident of Vinita; two short 
stories of Oklahoma by Hamlin Gar- 
land of Wisconsin; "A Pilgrim in the 
Wilderness," a tale of the new West, 
with typical scenes in Kansas, Colo- 
rado, Wyoming and Idaho, by William 
Allen White of Emporia; "The Last 
Protest," a story of Montana by Henry 
Oyen, now of Chicago; "The Problem 
of Lisbeth," a story of the Washing- 
ton hop-fields by Ada Woodruff Ander- 
son of Seattle; "Cecila the Pharisee," 
the first of a group of "Stories of the 
Nevada Madigans," by Miriam Michel- 
ton of San Francisco; the continuation 
of "The Sea-Wolf," by Jack London of 
California; and last, a story of trans- 
Western travel entitled "Passing the 



Clark's Tools for Large Hay Crops 

tsga, i Clark'8 ReT. Bush Plew and Harrow 

..^jWiPp-is^j cuts a track 5 ft. wide, 1 ft. 



ffi.^1FW 



deep. Connects the sub- 



y/^^feEEEEnjEBl 8 o jl water. It is an ex- 
" cellent machine for 
i covering in sugar cane. 
Strength guaranteed. 
" Can plow a newly eut 
1 forest, stump, bush, or 
~>og land, leaves land true, clean for any crop. 



Clark's Doable Action Cutaway 0fff^!\ ifijpii5« 
Harrow moves 15,000 tons o'fliifijnf^f T^Wrnh 
:«rth in a day. ^|f Twl 1 1 W®* 

Send- for Circulars. '**'i) 'kr*" 

Clark's Rev. Sulky Disc Plow 

-,«ss*5«*.'71V-.3) Made single or double. 

Pfrjz^." — ' '.-■' **~'>?3j One or two furrows five 
!<k2E V'~* ' ~*j^to ten inches deep; 14 
Jidk^M'^l •'') inches wide. For two or 
?'C W '" i^V four horses. Light draft. 
I Iff H^-vT No side draft. No similar 
iilow made. When Clark's grass tools are used 
is directed in his grass circular, we, the C. H. Co. , 
guarantee them to kill wild mustard, charlock, 
hard hack, sunflower, milk weed, mornlngglory, 
Russian thistle or any other foul plant that 
grows, or money refunded. Now is the time to 
commence work for next year's seeding to grass. 

THE CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 

Hlgganum, Ct., U. S. A. 

Imperial @> Pulverizer, Clod 

^ Crusher and 
Roller 
Leads them. 

WJsO? ail 




Send for 
Circulars 



The Peterson Mfg. Co. 



Kent, 
Ohio. 




ake Your Own Fertilizer] 

at Small Cost with * 

Wilson's Phosphate Mills! 

From lto40 H. P. Also Bone Out- 1 
ters, hand and power, for the poul- 
trymen; Farm Feed Mills, iim. 
ham Flour Ilnnil Mllln, Urit and 
Shell Mills. Send for catalogue. .■ . 
WILSON BROS., Sole Ml'rs., 
Easlon, Pit. 



SILOS 

And the only Patent Roof 

THE "PHILADELPHIA" 

B. If. SOHLIOHTER 

1910 Market St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Also made by the Duplex Manufactur- 
ing Co., South Superior, Wis. 



"Crop Growing 
and Crop Feeding." 

By Prof. W. f. MASSEY. 
383 Pp. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 60c. 

We offer this splendid work In connec- 
tion with the SOUTHERN PLANTER 
at the following prices: 
Southern Planter and Cloth 

Bound Volume, $1.26. 
Southern Planter and Paper 

Bound Volume, 90c. 
Old or bow rabaorlptlraa. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



421 



An insult to your 
face — poor soap; 
insist on Williams 
Shaving Soap, 

Sold everywhere. Free trial sample 

for 2-cent stamp to pay postage. 

Write for booklet " How to Shave." 

Trie J. B. Williams Co., Glastonbury, Ct. 

TOBACCO. 

We have a lot of as fine .^wirr^ifo. 

SMORING TOBACCO 

as can be made, which we offer to the 
consumer AT 35 CENTS PER LB. in 
5 LB. BOXES DELIVERED. This 
tobacco retails at 72 CENTS, and is 
equal in quality to any brand on the 



market. 



P. T. CONRAD, Manager, 



Box 149. 



RICHMOND, VA. 



WANTED! 

ALL KINDS OF 

LIVE WkD BIRDS AND ANIMAL 

Particularly Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Ducka, SwanB. Bob White 
Quail, Grey Squirrels, Bear, Baby Kac- 
coons, Foxes, Etc. 

CECIL FRENCH, 

718 Twelfth St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 



WORKING 



MANAGER 



Wanted on a farm 40 miles from Richmond; 
must work as well as manage farm; good 
offer to right man; no drinking man need 
apply. Address Box 485, Richmond, Va. 



WANTED 



A RELIABLE WHITE MAN, accustomed to 
the eare of horses, cows, garden, etc. Wife 
also could be employed. Reference required. 
Address Mrs. R. M. SMITH, Williamsburg, 
Va. 



MODERN CANNER FOR $25 

Complete farm canning plant, including 
can?,, tools, etc. Write to-day. MODERN 
ER CO., Bridgeport, Alabama. 

NO MO T6 DilOu H0rS6S Moon Kindness and other 
«ore eyes, Barry Co., Iowa City, la, have a iare 
eure. 



Torch," by Katharine Holland Brown 
of Quincy, Illinois. 

The June St. Nicholas is a "vaca- 
tion number," and well worthy the 
title. Every lad will turn first to and 
linger longest over ^.lan P. Ames's 
account of "How to Keep a Baseball 
Score." Mr. Ames is a practical 
scorer, and has illustrated his sketch 
with real scores. His directions for 
score-keeping are clear and simple 
enough for any boy to follow. A 
charming end-cfthe-year story of life 
in a girls' school is Albert Bigelow 
Paine's "The Shuttlecock of Fate," 
holding a sugar-coated lesson that in 
no wise detracts from the tale. It is 
illustrated by Orson Lowell. "Dmitry" 
is a timely Russian story, and "Mis- 
tress Flynn and the Pot of Gold" is 
one of those fairy stories that is ever 
new. "How Teddy Helped" tel?s of a 
small Western lad's fortunate mis- 
hap; and there are new chapters in 
the serials, "A Comedy in Wax" and 
"What Another Summer Brought to 
Denise and Ned Toodles." 



REPORTS. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry. Bulletin 58. The 
fat testing of cream by the Bab- 
cock method. 

Bureau of Chemistry. Bulletin 82. 
Paris green spraying experiments. 

Division of Entomology. Bulletin 
44. Some miscellaneous results of 
the work of the Division of En- 
tomology. 

Division of Entomology. Bulletin 
46. Proceedings of the 16th an- 
nual meeting of the Association of 
Economic Entomology. 

Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
53. The Date Palm. 

Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
59. Pasture, meadow and forage 
crops in Nebraska. 

Bureau of Plant Industry. Bulletin 
64. A method of destroying or 
preventing the growth of Algae 
and certain pathogenic bacteria in 
water supplies. 

Progress of the Beet Sugar Indus- 
try in the TJ, S. in 1903. 

Farmers' Bulletin 193. Experiment 
Station work. 
Cornell Experiment Station, Ithaca, 
N. Y. Bulletin 217. Spray calen- 
dar. 
Hampton Agricultural Institute, 
Hampton, Va. Thirty-sixth an- 
nual report. 
Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton 
Rouge, La. Sixteenth annual re- 
port. 

Bulletin 76. Analyses of Commercial 
Fertilizer and Paris Green 
Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Circular Bulletin 57. 
Some insects that attack fruit 
trees in the spring. 

Circular Bulletin 58. Cabbage dis- 
eases and insects. 
Michigan Experiment Station, Agri- 
cultural College, Mich. Bulletin 




UNION LOCK POULTRY FENCING 

HAS BEEN FULLY 

TESTED AND FOUND 

SUPEKIOR TO ALL 

OTHERS. 

Will fit uneven 
ground without 
cutting. Every part 
^ _ i" .-> ~*3 can be ^ t r e t c h e d 
- ■\§7 — perfectly. Made of 

high grade galvanized steel wire. All horizontal 
lines are cables, making it stronger. Has fine mesh 
at the bottom for small chicks. We also make 
extra heavy for gardens, lawns, etc. The largest 
poultry farms are using this fence — over 700 rods 
by Lakewood (N. J.) Farm Co. We pay freight 
and satisfy every one or no sale. Can ship from 
N. Y., Chicago, or San Francisco. Write for 
freelcatalog of Farm, Lawn and Poultry Fencing. 

CASE BROS., Box 340, Colchester. Conn. * 



1 




WIRK • FENCE 

Heavy lateral wires, heavy hard steel stays, coll- 
ed spring wire, Sure Grip Lock. In strength, 
appearance and durability, the Hard Steel can- 
not be excelled. Write for catalogue and pricei. 
THE HARD STEEL FENCE CO., Cuyahoga Falls, 0. 

Genuine spiral Spring Wire 

FENCES FIND GATES 

If your dealer does not have our 
goods in stock you can buy direct 
at Manufacturers' Price. Write 
for Catalogue and secure agency. 

INTERNATIONAL FENCE AND F. CO. 
Columbus, Ohio. 



LAWN FENCE 

Many designs. Cheap as 
wood. 32 page Catalogue 
free. Special Prices to Ceme- 
teries and Churches. Address 
COILED SPRING FENCE «0. 
Box Winchester, Ind. 





El 








iSSiiS 







THOUSANDS OF TONS 

of surplus Page-Wire are made into Coil Springs. 
Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box 57, Adrian, Mich. 

HfflHKUI^E' We ' u tel1 y° u the cheapest 
UpmSH K» H3 \* Sb ami best way to build it. Of 
Ki*ffll any kind of wire, fur any requirement, 
^Ry with cheap labor, no machine and we'll tell 
KmS yon hnw to lix yourold fences too. Write 
■■ B. B. FENCE CO., 142 W. 3rd St., P«ru, Ind 




FENCE! 



STRBHGESf 
MADE. Burt 

strong. Chicken 
tight. Sold to the Farmer at WholeuJe 
Prim. Folij Warranted. Catalog Free 

COILED 8PBIHG FENCE CO., 
Box ■'■" Winchester, Indiina, D. 8. i 



"Feeds and Feeding' 

Prof. Henry's Great Book for 
Farmers and Stockmen. 

Delivered anywhere for - - $2.00 
With the SOUTHERN PLANTER, 2.25 

A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



422 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



THE 

OAKS 

FOR SALE. 

Being advised by my physician to 
seek a drier climate on account of my 
•wife's health, I offer "The Oaks" for 
sale; situated 1-2 mile from depot on 
main line of N. & W. R. R., 1-4 mile 
from corporation limits, and contains 
145 1-2 acres; dwelling house has six 
rooms and pantry; situated on an ele- 
vation commanding a fine view of the 
Peaks of Otter (12 miles), town and 
surrounding country; and surrounded 
by a magnificent grove of stately oaks, 
about 10 acres in original growth of 
large oaks. Land is gently rolling, 
most of it in grass; three elegant never 
failing springs, one very bold; plenty 
of fruit for home use; there is also a 
2-room tenant house and large barn 
and corn crib. There are about 45 
acres well set in Clover, Timothy, Al- 
sike and Alfalfa, (about 4 acres in Al- 
falfa) ; half of it two years old; cut 
it five times last year and it now, 10th 
of May, stands 12 inches, after being 
frozen down 1st of April. This is 
strictly Alfalfa land and there are 25 
acres that will be ready to seed to Al- 
falfa this summer; 40 acres seeded to 
Alfalfa will be worth more than I 
ask for the whole farm, as hay is now 
Belling here for $18.00 per ton and has 
not been less than $14.00 for two years. 
There are 7 acres in wheat; 16 in rye; 
1 1-2 in oats; 34 in corn, and 4 in peas 
and sorghum. Will sell the place as 
a whole or in two tracts. Would say 
to any purchaser that if he comes and 
looks at the place and finds it not as 
represented I will pay his railroad 
fare. Price, $7,500. 

B. B. Buchanan, 

Bedford City, Va. 



24. Insects injurious to fruits in 
Michigan. 
Buletin 25. Fungus diseases of 
fruits in Michigan. 

Minnesota Experiment Station, St. An- 
thony Park, Minn. Bulletin 84. 
Injurious insects of 1903. 
Bulletin 85. Wheat and flour inves- 
tigations. 
Bulletin 86. The food value of su- 
gar. The digestive action of milk. 
Class Bulletin 15. Breeding corn. 

Missouri Experiment Station, Colum- 
bia, Mo. Bulletin 63. Commercial 
fertilizers. 

Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin- 
coln, Neb. Bulletin 83. Compara- 
tive variety tests of corn in 1902 
and 1903. 

New Hampshire Experiment Station, 
Durham, N. H. Bulletin 103. 
Standard milk. 
Bulletin 104. Fifteenth annual re- 
port. 
Bulletin 107. The Brown tail moth 

in New Hampshire. 
Bulletin 108. Inspection of fertili- 
zers. 
Bulletin 109. The pernicious or San 

Jose scale insect. 
Bulletin 110. Experiments in or- 
chard management. 
Bulletin 111. Ten experiments with 
potatoes and potato culture. 

New York Experiment Station, Gene- 
va, N. Y. Bulletin 246. Shading 
strawberries. 

North Carolina Department of Agri- 
culture, Raleigh, N. C. The po- 
tato beetle. 

Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, O. 
Bulletin 143. Twenty-second an- 
nual report. 
Bulletin 147. Seed and soil treat- 
ment and spray calendar. 
Bulletin 149. The hardy Catalpa as 
a farm crop. 

Pennsylvania Experiment Station, 
State College, Pa. Bulletin 65. 
Forage and soiling experiment, 
1902. 

South Dakota Experiment Station, 
Brookings, S. D. Bulletin 82. 
Maccaroni wheat. Its milling and 
chemical characteristics. 

Texas Experiment Station, College Sta- 
tion, Tex. Bulletin 70. The com- 
position of Texas cotton seed 
meal. 

Virginia State Horticultural Society. 
Eighth annual report. 

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, 
Va. Report for April, 1904. 

Virginia Department of Agriculture, 
Richmond, Va. Quarterly report 
for April, 1904, Analysis of fer- 
tilizers. 

Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madi- 
son, Wis. Bulletin 104. The food 
requirements of pigs from birth 
to maturity. 
Bulletin 105. The improvement of 

home grounds. 
Bulletin 106. Commercial feeding 
stuffs. 



Northern 

Virginia 

Farms 



Of every class, adapted to Grain, Fruit, 
Dairy and Blue Grass, within five to 
thirty miles of Washington, D. C. 

No. 5. — 163 acres; half timber, bal- 
ance cleared; 1J miles from station. 
Good 7 room house; large barn; good 
water. Price, $2,000. 

No. 16. — 130 acres; 20 in timber, 
balance cleared. Good land. In good 
condition. Comfortable 4 room house. 
Fine water. Five miles from station. 
Fronts on Pike. Price, $20 per acre. 

No. 22. — 225 acres. Two and one- 
half miles from station. Forty acres 
timber, balance cleared. Fine land. 
In good condition. Good 7 room 
house. Large barn, etc. Price, $20 
per acre. 

No. 23. — 50 acres truck and fruit 
farm. Price, $2,650. 

No. 25. — 175 acres. Grain and Blue 
Grass farm in Rockbridge county, 11 
miles from Buena Vista. Fine condi- 
tion. Nice home. Price, $5,300. 

No. 28. — 516 acres. Grain and Blue 
Grass Farm, 1J miles from Buena 
Vista. First class condition. Hand- 
some home; all modern equipments. 
Price, $16,000. 

No. 34. — 50 acres. Truck and fruit 
farm, 12 miles from aWshington, near 
railroad station. Excellent condition. 
All improved selected fruit. Price, 
$5,000. 

No. 30. — 50 acre farm in Loudoun 
county, 3J miles from rail. Price, 
$1,600. 

No. 33. — 400 acre farm in Loudoun 
county. Good grain and grazing land. 
Price, $7,500. 

No. 35. — 400 acre farm in Loudoun 
county. Excellent grain and grass 
land. Modern improved buildings. 
Price, $8,000. 

No. 36. — 275 acre farm in Fairfax 
Fine quality of grain and grass land. 
Good buildings. Refined and edu- 
cated citizens. Price, $7,000. 

See April and May issue of South- 
ern Planter for description of the 
above farms, and write for my farm 
list and full information. 



W. E. MILLER, 

HERNDON, VA. 



1904.] 



THE SOTTTHEKN" PLANTER. 



423 



K TRUCK 




The best grazing section of Virginia, Blue 
grass indigenous. If you are interested in 
fruit growing or trucking, you can find no 
better country in the United States. 

BUT THE BEST and send for our free 
Real Estate Bulletin, it will help you find it. 

SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA LAND 

AGENCY, C. B. Thomas and L. P. Krenning, 
Genera] Managers, Wytheville, Va. 




CASH 

FOB TOUE 

OR ANY REAL ESTATE. 



No matter where located. Send 
description and lowest cash price. 
I succeed by giving personal at- 
tention. Interesting and valuable 
particulars FREE. Write to- 
day. Bank references. 
VULUM T. BROWS, 114 Brown Law B'U'g, Lancaster, Pa. 

WANTED. 

A Western Farmer wants to rent for cash 
a farm in Virginia for 3 or 5 years, with the 
privilege of buying the place in the first two 
years at a price stated now. Farm must be 
well adapted and good situated for largo 
dairying, If possible, with stable for about 
38 to 40 cows; if not, renter Is willing to 
build one. For further particulars, write to 

F. W. MEYER, 

Farmville, "Va. 



...FOR SALE... 

FARMS AND SUBURBAN HOMES OF 
EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

25, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 acre tracts. 
Some of these highly improved and conve-* 
■lent to schools, churches, steam and trolley 
limes. If you want to buy or sell a Virginia 
farm, seo Hockaday & Casselman, Richmond, 
Va. 

J. R. HOCKADAY, Richmond, Va.; LAU- 
RENCE CASSELMAN, Ex-Auditor McLalne 
Co., N. Dakota. 



Northern Virginia, 

Grain, Fruit, Dairy and Blue Grass Farms of 

every Class within one hour of Washington, 1). C. 

LOUDOUN COUNTY 

Farms a Specialty 

Catalogue on application. 

P. B. BUELL CO. SONS. 
IVeal E.state BroKers, ^ 

Herndon, Fairfax Co., Va. 

30 NICE FARMS 

For sale in Southern Virginia on Staunton, 
Dan and Roanoke rivers. Well adapted to 
corn, wheat, oats, clover, hay, tobacca stock 
and poulty raising. Farms all near So. Ry. 
and Buffalo Llthia Springs. Just the health- 
iest place on earth. 60 to 1,216 acres. If you 
want a home here, write L. H. YANCEY, 
Land Agent, Clarksville, Va. 

"In the Green Fields of Virginia." 

Homes for all; Health for ail; Happiness and 
Independence for all. All sizes of Fabmb at 
';orrespondlnjf prices, but all reasonable. 

MACON & CO., Orange, Va. 



Bulletin 107. Official tests of dairy 

cows. 
Bulletin 108. Trees and shrubs for 

shade and ornament. 
Bulletin 110. Spraying fruit trees. 
Bulletin 111. Oat smut and its pre- 
vention. 
Bulletin 112. Alfalfa in Wisconsin. 
Bulletin 113. Commercial fertili- 
zers and feeding stuffs. 
The Philippine Islands Bureau of Ag- 
riculture, Manila, P. I. Bulletin 
5. List of Philippine agricultural 
products and fibre plants. 
Imperial Agricultural Experiment 
Station, Nishigahara, Tokio, Ja- 
pan. The San Jose scale in Japan. 
PAMPHLETS, ETC. 
The Relation of Research to Scien- 
tific Agriculture, by Dr. J. B. Weems, 
Ames, Iowa, read at the 25th annual 
meeting of the Society for Promotion 
of Agricultural Science. 

American Breeder's Association. 
Minutes of first annual meeting at St. 
Louis, Mo., December, 1903. 

The Cotton Situation. Address de- 
livered by T. H. Price before the New 
England Cotton Manufacturers' Asso- 
ciation, Boston. 

Primary Education and the Race 
Problem. An address to the people of 
Virginia by A. F. Thomas, member of 
the State Senate. 

CATALOGUES. 
The Ellerslie Yearlings, property of 
Messrs. R. J. Hancock & Son, of Char- 
lottesville, Va., together with those 
from Maplehurst and Keelona Studs 
to be sold at the Brooklyn Race Course, 
Gravesend, N. Y., June 14th, 1904. 
De Laval Cream Separator. 
Joint Breeders Sale of Trotting and 
Pacing Horses and Jersey Cattle at 
Ewell Farm, Ewell Station, Spring 
Hill, Tenn., June 3, 1904. 

Standard Hydraulic Pump Co., Roa- 
noke, Va. 



WHY MR. DICKSON QUIT. 

Senator Aidrich used to be shaved by 
a colored barber of the name of Dick- 
son whenever he went to Boston. One 
morning he opened a conversation by 
saying: "I believe you are a member 
of the African Church in street?" 

"No, sah; not at all, sah," was the 
reply, made with much dignity. 

"Ah, I thought you were when I was 
here last." 

"But not dis yeah, sah." 

"Ah, have you resigned?" 

"Well, sah, it was dis way: I jined 
dat church en good faith and de fust 
yeah I give ten dollahs to'ds the stated 
gospel, en all de church people calls me 
'Brudder Dickson.' De second yeah 
ma bizness fell off, en I give five dol- 
lahs; en all de church people dey call 
me 'Mister Dickson.' Do dis razzer 
huht yo', sah?" 

"Not at all; it is very easy." 

"Thank yo', sah; well, de third yeah 
I feel so pohly dat I don' give nuthin' 
't all fur preachin', en all de church 
people dey pass me by en say 'dat old 
niggah Dickson.' After dat I quit 'em." 
— New York Press. 



MUIPJ AND THE PLACE TO 
Ufflto FIND THEM. . . 

No place in the United States can a 
man do so well at farming, for tt e money 
invested, as in Virginia. Lands are 
cheap; climate good, and the best of 
markets close at hand. It is the State 
of all others, for a comfortable all the 
year round home. The James River 
Valley Colonization and Improvement 
Company ofier superior advantages to 
land purchasers. For free 36 page land 
pamphlet, address 

W. A. PARSONS, Vinita, Va. 

C &OMain St. Depot, Richmond, Va. 

-To Homeseekers- 

"THE BUSINESS OF FARMING 
IN VIRGINIA." 

Ia the title of a new pamphlet issued by tha 
Norfolk and Western Railway Company. Wa 
win gladly mail you a copy. 
W. B. BEVILL, PAUL SCHERBR, Agt t 
G. P. A., Laada and Immigratiaa, 
Roanoke, Va. 

/ Can Sell Your Farm.... 

If located la one of these Virginia ce-aatiea: 
Prlace George, Chesterfield, King William, 
Gloucester, New Kent, Klag aad Queea, 
Haaover. Send description, statins price. 
JOHN JELINBK, 1118 Pine Alley, 
Braddock. Pa. 

VIRGINIA FARMS 

$3 PER ACRE AND UPWARDS. 
HAST PAYMENTS. CATALOGUE FREE. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., Richmond, Va. 

Established 1875. 

IMC riDMO in the great fruit grain and 
INt rAMVlO stock section of VIRGINIA. 

est climate and water in the U. S. Near great 
markets, with best educational advantages. 
For further information, address 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION CO., 
Sam'l B. Woods, Pres. Charlottesville, Va. 



VIRGINIA FARMS 

All prices aad sisoa. Froe list oa application. 
WM.B. PIZZINI CO., Richmond. Va. 



• ^» VIRGINIA' FARMS •<%►• 

Nice little poultry farm, 100 acres, good house 
and orchard, J500.00. Blue Grass, Stock and 
Fruit Farms. Address PORTER & GATES, 

Louisa, Va. 



6o South 



For full par- 
ticulars write 
A. JEFFERS, 
' Norfolk, Va. 



WARNER'S 

Correspondence School 

At Bradford, Pa., teaches SHORTHAND, 
BOOKKEEPING and PENMANSHIP by mall. 
W rite now. 

Mention the Southern Plaxte* in 
writing. 



424 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



Make Your Idle Money 
Earn You Interest. 



Write the FIRST NATIONAL BANK 
of RICHMOND, VIRGINIA for infor- 
mation concerning its certificate of 
deposit, so arranged that one per 
cent, may be collected every FOUR 
MONTHS through your nearest bank 
or store. 

Our experience proves this form for 
savings to be the most satisfactory 
plan yet devised for deposits of $100. 00 
or more. 

Our Capital and Surplus is 

ONE MILLION DOLLARS. 

VIRGINItJS NEWTON, President. 

JNO. M. MILLER, Jr., Vice-Pres. & Cashier. 
CHAS. R. BURNETT, Assistant Cashier. 
J. C. JOPLJ.N, Assistant Cashier 

Oh, when you want the business done 

By play that's strong and steady, 
Just take a look at old SLUG SHOT, 

For that's the stuff that's ready. 





TRADE MARK- 

SOLD BY THE SEED DEALERS. 
For pamphlet on Bugs and Blights, 
address, Benj. Hammond, Fishkiil-on 
Hudson, N. Y. 

The Only Cow Food 

Which removes Garlic, 
Onion and Weed Taint 
from Milk. Send for cir- 
cular to 
•-- VA. CATTLE FOCD CO. 

^•hibwio earns w ""' cl '' danville, Virginia. 
FOR SALE BY 

E. B. McGeorge, Richmond, Va. 

W. H. Harrison Co., Petersburg, Va. 

W. A. Miller & Son, T. A. Jennings & Co., 
Lynchburg, Va. 

R. G. Hlatt, L. Richardson Drug Co., 
Greensboro, N. C. 

Raleigh Milling Co., Raleigh, N. C. 

J. M. Starr & Co., Yorkvllle, S. C. 

T. J. Wills & Co., Charlottesville, Va. 

Dr. L. S. Rlcketts, Orange, Va. 



FOR SALE. 

800 acres timber, naif of which original 
growth. Having rented my river farm, will 
sell privately 1 new McCORMICK KINDER, 
200 good grade BREEDING EWES. 35 COTS- 
WOLD EWES, 7 fine SHROPSHIRE BUCKS, 
1 JERSEY COW fresh to pail. Call on or 
address JNO. MATHEWS. East Richmond, 
Va. 



WASHINGTON NOTES. 

Mr. George K. Holmes, of the Bureau 
of Statistics, Department of Agricul- 
ture, contributes an article to the 
forthcoming Yearbook on "The Na- 
tion's Farm Surplus." 

"As well try," he says in a stately 
introductory, "to comprehend the dis- 
tances of the stars or the duration of 
eternity as to attempt to make intel- 
ligible the vast quantities and value 
of the farm products of this country, 
or even of the exported surplus, which 
is so large as to be without parallel 
among the countries of the earth. 

"The value of the exported farm pro- 
ducts in the fiscal year 1903 was $878,- 
000,000. During the last five years 
these exports have aggregated $4,302,- 
000,000. 

"The United Kingdom takes about 
one-half of the exported products of 
this country; on the other hand farm 
products go from the United States tc 
many strange and remote nooks and 
corners of the world. 

The United States has a long lead 
over its competitors as a purveyor of 
meat to the United Kingdom. The 
cattle imports in 1900 were 43,000,000 
of which the United States supplied 
seventy-two per cent., and Canada 
only twenty per cent." 

Mr. Holmes shows that in suppy- 
ing dairy products and eggs to Eng- 
land, however, the United States is far 
behind other countries. He states 
broadly that the United Kingdom 
takes one-half of all this country's ex- 
ports of farm products, and Germany 
one-sixth and that our principal com- 
petitors are Australia, Argentina and 
Canada; in live animals, Argentina 
and Canada; in grain and its products, 
Argentina, Russia, Canada and Rou- 
mania; while in cotton the other coun- 
tries of the earth have not yet pro- 
duced a direct competitor for our up- 
land varieties. 

The Good roads question now being 
considerably agitated, and which holds 
out possibilities of being some politi- 
cal interest is by no means a new 
issue. Early in the last century road 
reform assumed such proportions that 
it was advocated by many of the great 
patriots of the day, and became, next 
to the tariff, one of the most impor- 
tant subjects discussed by Congress. 
Good roads were actively supported by 
such statesmen as Jefferson, Calhoun 
and Clay. During Jefferson's second 
term the bill admitting Ohio as a State 
passed Congress, and contained a pro- 
viso that five per cent, of the pro- 
ceeds from the sales of public lands in 
the State should be set aside for road 
making, three per cent, for roads 
within the State and two per cent, for 
highways outside the State. In 1806, 
the sales of public lands in Ohio hav- 
ing amounted to $600,000, the con- 
struction of the Cumberland Road was 
begun. If was built after the Mac- 
adam plan and was so well built that 
it is still a good road. This road is 



Kills s em Quick 

| Magic 3 
I Death | 
| Powder! 

K.AAA.AAAAAAAAAAAJ 

NOT A POISON, but a remarkable discov- 
ery which is very effective in causing stupe- 
faction and death to all kinds of Insects In- 
fecting Poultry, Animals, Plants and Houses. 
Put up in a box ingeniously arranged for con- 
veniently dusting or blowing the powder 
where wanted. 

Send 25c. to MAGIC FOOD CO., Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn., and get a book by mail. A 
beautiful picture in colors suitable for fram- 
ing given FREE with each order during the 
next 30 days. Rid your Chickens of Lice, 
Pet Animals of Fleas, etc. Your House of 
Bed Bugs, Flies and Mosquitoes, by the use 
of MAGIC DEATH POWDER. 





KILL THE LICE AND MITES on your 
fowls and chicks with GIBSON'S LIQUID 
LICE KILLER, and GIBSON'S INSECT 
POWDER. Paint the Liquid on the roosta 
and bottom of Coops, and dust the Powder In 
the nest boxes. Both guaranteed or money 
refunded. 

Liquid Lice Killer, $1.00 per gallon; one- 
half gallon, 60c. Insect Powder, 5 oz. box, 
15c; and 16 oz. box, 40c. postpaid. 

Agents wanted. Liberal terms. 
GIBSON & LAMB. Wext Alexander, Pa. 



COOPER 

* SHEEP hip 



saftfto! 



Standard of the World 

for 60 years. Used on 250 millions an- 
nually. One dipping kills Ticks, Lice 
and Nits. No smell. Keeps flock clean a 
long time. Increases growth oi wool. 
Dipping Tanks at cost. 
Send for Pamphlet to Chicago. 
If local druggists cannot supply, send 
$1.75 for $2.00 (100 gal.) pkt. to 
JOHNSON & STOKES, Philadelphia, Pa. 
O. A. KELLY & CO., Pittsburg, Pa. 
WM. COOPER &NEPMEWS, Chicago, III. 




Ill 



The beautiful gray PERCHEON STALLION 
DOM PEDRO, recently brought in from the 
West, guaranteed sure foal getter, round and 
gentle. Reg. No. 15558. Weight, about 1,800 
pounds. Reason for selling, mares in this 
section are too light. Price, $800. Will trade 
for land, cows, sheep, goats or driving horses. 
CHR. J. JEHNE, Farmville, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



425 




IS 4 

HOUSEHOLD 

Remedy 



fel» fe^w fc§* 

Cures —^ 

La Grippe, 
Pneumonia, 
Croup, 
Influenza. 

«<^« «^6 fe^6 

GIVES 

PERMANENT 

RELIEF. 

fe^C »^» fe$6 

The Radia Company 

Manufacturing Chemists, 
Dept. K. DURHAM, N. C. 



well described in a Maryland govern- 
ment publication, as follows: 

"The road was excellently mac- 
adamized and the rivers and creeks 
were spanned by stone bridges. Its 
projector and chief supporter was 
Henry Clay, whose service in its be- 
half is commemorated by a monument 
near Wheeling. Scarce a day that did 
not see twenty gaily painted four- 
horse coaches pass each way on this 
road. Droves of cattle and sheep were 
never out of sight. Great canvass cov- 
ered wagons with heavy loads moved 
easily along drawn by six, eight, ten 
and sometimes twelve horses. "Within 
a mile of the ioad the country was a 
wilderness, unsettled, unbroken, but 
on the highway itself, the traffic was 
as dense as in the main street of a 
large town. Ten miles an hour is said 
to have been the usual speed of 
coaches but between Hagerstown and 
Frederick, it is claimed that the 26 
miles was often made in two hours. 
These coaches ran regularly until 
1853. A regular line of through freight 
wagons ran between Baltimore and 
Wheeling. They were drawn by six 
span of horses and carried 10 tons. 
Their rear wheels were 10 feet high. 
The tolls from this road at one time 
yielded dividends of 20 per cent. The 
part built by the Federal Government 
was some time ago transferred to 
Maryland. From 1810 to 1816 Con- 
gress appropriated $680,000 for con- 
tinuing the work on this road. 

In 1817 both John C. Calhoun and 
Henry Clay advocated a measure for 
national road making, the money 
therefor to come from the revenues to 
the government from the National 
banks. The bill passed Congress but 
President Monroe vetoed it on the 
ground that he believed it unconstitu- 
tional. An attempt to pass it over the 
veto failed. Nevertheless Congress ap- 
propriated liberally for good roads out 
of the sales of public lands in the dif- 
ferent States, as she had done in Ohio. 
In Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illi- 
nois, Alabama, Missouri, Iowa, Geor- 
gia, Tennessee and Arkansas turn- 
pikes were built under this plan. 
From 1806 to 1838, $1,600,000 was ap- 
propriated by Congress for roads in 
various places and in addition grants 
of land have been made from time to 
time to aid in the work and the labor 
of United States troops has occasion- 
ally been employed. Following the in- 
dustrial and financial depression of 
1837 but little government work was 
done in road making but in 1854 an- 
other period of activity began and 
lasted until the civil war, during which 
time over $1,500,000 was expended on 
public roads. Since the civil war 
there has been practically no govern- 
ment road building, save in some in- 
stances in the District of Columbia, 
national cemeteries, etc. 

Mr. C. P. Hartley,, of the Department 
of Agriculture, contributes some pop- 
corn lore to the Scientific American. 
He says that the popping of the corn 



Horse Owners! Use 

GOSLBATTI/T'S 

Caustic 
Balsam 



A Safe Speedy and Positive Curt 
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Take* 
the place of all liniments for mild or severe action. 
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horiee 
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRING* Impossible to produce scar or blemish 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $I.SO per bottle. Sold by druggists, o* 
•ent by express, charges paid, with full direction? 
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
fag liAWRBNCB-WIXLIAMS CO.. Clevela nd 
IMIMiyMIHbilllflMMCrairailiWlHIHIIHiilll 





GOOD 



For every horse, cow, hog 
or sheep, and it is the only 
remedy which they take 
voluntarily and relish, 

Blackman's 
Medicated 
Salt Brick 

is the best stock remedy 
made (being the formula 
of a celebrated veterina- 
rian) and being so pleas- 
nt to take, on account of the salt taste, does 
away with all trouble of dusing, drenching 
and mixing with feed. It is unequaled as a 
blood purifier, aider of digestion and general 
system regulator. Thousands endorse it. 
Specie < Offer.— We will send four 
brick, prepaid to any address upon 
receipt of $1 i 0, which will be cheer 
fully refunded if you are not 
in every way pleased. 
Sold by dealers. BLACKMAN 
STOCK REMEDY CO., 927 High- 
land Park, Chattanooga, Tcnn. 




Lump 



Save the animal— save your j 

herd— cure every case of I 

Lump Jaw. The disease is 

fatal in time, and It spreads. Only one way 

to cure It— use 

Fleming's Lump Jaw Cure 

No trouble— rub it on. No risk— your mon ey 
back if it ever falls. Used for seven v. arc 
by nearly all the big stockmen. Free book l 
tells you more. t 

2vi\d Rii\g-tooi\@ 

Once hard to cure— easy now. A 45-min- 
ute treatment does it. JNo other method 
BO easy— no other method sure. 

Fleming's Spavin and Ringbone Paste 

cures even the worst cases— none too old 

or bad. Money back if it ever I ni Is. Free 

IlluHtrsited book about Lump J::w, 

Spavin, Ringbone, Splint, Vfg Spavin 

§^ and other stock ailmenis. Write for it. 

FLEMING BROS., Chemists, 
880 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111. 



TEATH TO HEAVES 




NEWTON'S ileave, Coogh, Dia- 

. temper and Indigestion lure. 

yjj^ A veterinary speeilic lor wind, 

throat and stomach troubles. 

St'ojig recommends. $1.00 per 

can. Dealers. Mail or Ex. paid. 

The Newton Remedy Co., 

Toledo, Ohio. 



426 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



White Leghorns. 




Eggs §2.00 per 15 ; §5.00 per 60 ; $7.50 
per 100. Circular shows winnings. 

C. G. M. Fink, R. F. D. 2, 

Richmond, Va. 



EGGS for HATCHING. 

75c. Per Sitting of 15. 

Light Brahmas, Black Minorcas, 
S. L. Wyandottes, Barred and W. 
Rocks, Brown Leghorns S. and R. C; 
White Leghorns S. C. 

A few more Leghorn and Minorca 
Cockerels left. J. B. JOHNSON, Ma- 
nassas, Va. Clover Hill Farm. 

Farm=Raised Poultry. 

Two distinct Socks of Mammoth Bronze Tur- 
keys from which we maka matings for breeding; 
purposei at reasonable prices. Eggs In season. 

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 
WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS. 

BIRDS AND EGGS. 
PROQRESS FARM, Boz 52, Normandy, Tenn 



SILVER-LACED 

WYANDOTTES. 

Eggs For Hatching. 
I 81.00 per 15 from strong and 
healthy birds of leading 
strains. A few choice pulleU 
at 81 each. Pure-brsd Poland 
China Pigs at $5.00 each. 

Dr. H. H. LEE, 
R. P. D. 2. Lexington, Va. 



■WALSH'S 

Barred PlymoutK RocKs 

High class combination utility and 
exhibition stock. Best blood. Bred 
from prolific layers of large broTcr 
eggs. EggB, $1.50 per 15. 

L. W. WALSH, 

Box 194. Lynchburg, Va. 




CHOICE 




FOR 
HATCHINQ. 



Of 40 Varieties Best Poultry. Fine, large Il- 
lustrated descriptive Poultry Book postpaid, 
•nly 6c. Price list FREE. Write now. 
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Prop. Valley Poultry 
Farms. Harrisonburg, Va. 



is due to the generation of gas from 
the oil contained in the kernel. Field 
corn does not pop as readily as pop 
corn because the shell is more porous, 
permitting the escape of the oil as it 
volatilizes, while in the case of pop 
corn a great pressure is developed in 
the kernel by the confined oil, and the 
kernel is suddenly exploded and turned 
wrong side out. Pop corn pops more 
readily when dry because when moist 
the kernels are swollen, the shell 
more porous and tougher and the ker- 
nels do not explode so suddenly and 
completely as when dry and hard. 

Pate de foie gras is a dish for the 
epicure and while it is made simply 
from diseased goose liver, if the epi- 
cure will pay sufficient for it, the 
farmer may be excused for furnishing 
it. At least the goose has a good time 
while he is being stuffed to repletion 
with choice viands. The fattening 
period lasts from four to six weeks. 
The birds are closely confined and are 
fed two or three times a day, by cram- 
ming, an approved daily ration con- 
sisting of about a pound and a half of 
maize meal and beans cooked in water, 
the amount being increased as the ap- 
petite grows, the bird being supplied 
with fresh water, to which a little 
wood charcoal is sometimes added. The 
livers, by this process, are enormously 
enlarged, and furnish the basis of the 
dish. 

The readiness with which anthrax 
may be communicated from one animal 
to another is noted in the experiment 
station record of the Department of 
Agriculture. A harness which had 
been upon a horse that had recently 
died with anthrax was placed upon 
a healthy horse with the result that 
the latter animal subsequently con- 
tracted the disease. 

In experiments with rabbits the dis- 
ease was contracted by lightly rub- 
bing the anthrax germs upon the skin. 
There were no cuts or abrasions of the 
skin but the bacilli penetrated through 
the hair follicles. 

Guy E. Mitchell. 



"THE VETERINARY ADVISER." 
Doubtless many readers of the 
Southern Planter have procured the 
little book, the Veterinary Adviser, of 
which much is said from time to time 
in stock papers. Those who have not, 
will profit by sending for it. It is an 
admirable little veterinary guide, sent 
free to those who specially request it, 
by the Zenner Disinfectant Company, 
93 Bates street, Detroit, Michigan, 
proprietors of the celebrated Zenoleum 
Disinfectant, Sheep-Dip and Lice- Kil- 
ler, advertised in this issue. The worK 
is a practical treatment of common 
every day ailments of all branches of 
the live stock family. Look up the 
Zenoleum advertisement elsewhere, 
and then do not fail to send for the 
Zenoleum "Veterinary Adviser." 



fe 



FEEDING OUR., 



BABY CHICK FOOD 

PRODUCES 

HEALTHY CHICKS. 

SAMPLE FOR THE ASKING. 
INCUBATORS, :=: :=: 
BROODERS AND 

POULTRY SUPPLIES, 

ALWAYS IN STOCK. 

BIRDS, PET STOCK, GOLD FISH 

EVERYTHING FOR THE FANCIER. 

CATALOGUE FREE. 

Having made a change in manage- 
ment we are better than ever, prepared 
to make prompt shipment. 

FANCIERS' SUPPLY CO., 

517-519 West Broad St., 

Richmond, Va. 



■ -w w — ii.li. w w ' 



■ rthdlhArf- S ■ i 



3SS 



\ 



ORPINGTON SPECIAL 



The popular fowl of the day is the Orping- 
ton. Eggs from best matings of our S. C. 
Buffs, $1.50 per 15, or $4 for 50, June de- 
livery. July and August delivery at $1 per 
15, or $3 per 50. Prompt attention and safe 
delivery. Poland China Pigs, 8 to 10 weeks 
old, at $3.50 to $5 each. OCCONEECHEE 
FARM, Jeffress, Mecklenburg Co., Va. 



PIT GAMES 

Black Devils and Red Cubans. 

Where they won, Sharon, N. Y., 4 out of 6. 
Blue Rock, Pa., 2 out of 3. Clarion, Pa., 5 
straight. Roanoke, Va.. 8 out of 9. Akron, 
la., 2 straights. Eggs, $2 per sitting. Young 
trios, quail size, $3. 

THOS. W. JARMAN, Yancey Mills, Va. 



From my S. C. Black 
Minorcas and S. C. 
White Leghorns of the 

o__ — — _^_ =— > very best strains. 

These breeds are raised on separate farms, and 

have free range. Eggs, 75c. per 15; 81.50 per 86; 

84 .M per 100. 1 guarantee two-thirds hatch, or 

replace at half price. 

J. MILTON GARNETT, Prop., 
Mitchell's, Va. 

BRBWN LEGHORNS. 

Eggs for hatching from splendid lay- 
ers, $1.00 per sitting. Pens mated for 
best results. 

R. W. HAW, Jr., Centralia, Va. 

Piedmont Poultry Place, 

"Handles nothing but the best." 

We now offer Pure-bred POLAND-CHINA 
Pigs for sale. We will not sell under 8 weeks 
old. Single pig 16; per pair 810; per trio, 814. 
Some ready for shipment May 15th. First or- 
ders get best pigs. 

Miss E. Callle Giles, Prop., 
Whittles Depot, Va. 



» llpnn* Oft* TO are handsome, hardy and 
ANuUriA UUA I O profitable. For large cir- 
cular address E. W. COLE & CO., Big Cliffy, Ky. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



427 



BARGAINS 

for months June and Julr, WHITE 
WYANDOTTE eggs§, 3.00'per 100. 

EDGEHONT POULTRY YARDS. 
JOHN A. reedy, Prop. Liberty Mills, Va. 

Fresh Laid Eggs 

of Mammoth Bronze Turkeys, Barred Ply- 
mouth Rock, White Wyandotte and S. C. B. 
Leghorn Chickens. Safe delivery insured. 
Prices reasonable. MISS CLARA L. SMITH, 
Croxton, Caroline Co., Va. 

White Minorcas, 
Large well shaped birds. Prize winners 
and the best of Layers. Eggs supplied from 
the best of matings. Shipped safely any- 
where. Catalog free. P. S. BULLINGTON, 
Box P, Richmond, Va. 

Barred Plymouth 

D _. _, /„ _ Eggs for hatching 15 for 86c. 
iXfiCrC^. 30for W- 50 - WO f or $4.50 

^ ^ F. W. MEYER, Farmville, Va. 



COLLIE PUPS 



By Imported Sires. Sable and white and tri- 
colors. Prices. $8 to S15. Older ones correspond- 
ingly low- Book on Training, 50 cents : Fbee If 
you buy a Collie. 
MAPLEMQNT STOCK FARM, South Afhol .Mass. 

Choice 

COLLIE PUPS 

of the best families. 

Fine BERKSHIRES. 

3 choice Sows, also some nice pigs, both 
sexes. Write me your wants. A. P. WHITE, 
JR., Prop., Accomac Herd, Parksley, Va. 

2 good looking young 

ENGLISH SETTERS 

Partially broken on quail; dogs; 14 months 
old, black and white. Strong and healthy. 
One retrieves. $25 each. If not satisfactory 
or not as represented will refund purchase 
money at any time within five months if 
returned to me in good condition. These 
dogs are level-headed and companionable. 
New York and Richmond references. Ad- 
dress, W. B. MEARES Belvidere Field Dog 
Kennels, Hillsboro, Orange Co., N. C. 

Edgewood Stock Farm. 

SCOTCH COLLIES! 

A beautiful litter of sables and blacks, full 
white marks. Bred strong in blood of Chris- 
topher, Barwell Mystery, and Doon Marvel. 
Sire and dam grand drivers, great workers. 
Pups now ready at $10 and $8. Eligible to 
registry. Get photos. H. B. ARBUCKLE, 
Maxwelton, W. Va. 

Reg Scotch Collies. 

Collie Pups from registered parents now 
ready. All Sables with full white points. 
SIMPLY BEAUTIFUL! and no better bred 
pups in the U. S. to-day. Sire the imported 
champion Wellesbourne Hope, 1st. winner at 
Pan-American, Chicago, Philadelphia and 
many other leading shows. He by Champion 
Balgreggie Hope, out of Champion Ormskirk 
Idea). Dam, Pee Dee Princes, by Imported 
Che-riot Production, winner of many firsts in 
England, out of Imported Broockslde Minnie, 
also winner In Scotland and America. Bright, 
active, and alert pups, all with an eye single 
already for business. Order qufck. $8 to $15. 
E. C. NEWTON, McCoIl, S. C, R. F. D. 
No. 2. 



MOST POWERFUL BALING PRESS 
IN THE WORLD. 



Now Being Exhibited at the St. Louis 

Exposition by P. K. Dederick's 

Sons. 

Among the large agricultural ma- 
chinery exhibits at the St. Louis 
World's Fair, that of the Dederick 
Agricultural Machine Works deserves 
notice, being the largest exhibit in its 
line ever made in the world. 

Presses of all kinds are included in 
the exhibit, as follows: Steel case belt 
press, steel case reversible, wood frame 
belt, steel case full circle, new two 
wheel belt, new vertical full circle, 
double bale Columbian box press, 
Standard Columbian box press, steel 
case horizontal shaving press and hand 
operated box press. Power frame and 
gear wheels of XXX continuous extra 
heavy are also shown, giving, how- 
ever, only a faint idea of the power 
of this press, which is the most pow- 
erful made. Sample bales of different 
kinds are also included in the exhibit. 
Special cotton bales with patented 
sample ridge, and hay bales pressed 
without bands — also hay baled to the 
density of oak wood. 

The Dederick Works at Albany, N. 
Y., now conducted by P. K. Dederick's 
Sons, are known the world over as the 
oldest and largest in existence, and 
confining their output to the Dederick 
patents, of which there are about three 
hundred, have always been bailing 
press headquarters of the world. 



HER FIRST. 



A small boy, aged five, had a step- 
mother who was young and nervous. 
She had never had experience with 
children, and the small boy's slight- 
est ailment tortured her into a panic. 

Croup threatened one day, and the 
doctor was sent for in wild haste. As 
the doctor entered the room the child 
raised his head from his pillow and 
croaked hoarsely, in apology for the 
hasty summons. — 

"You must excuse her, doctor, this 
is the first time she's ever been a 
mother." — May Lippincott's Magazine. 



HURST SPRAYER. 
The attention of our readers is di- 
rected to the advertisement of the H. 
L. Hurst Manufacturing Co., which 
appears elsewhere in this issue. The 
illustration shows the Hurst Field 
and Orchard Spraying Machine at 
work spraying potatoes. The machine 
sprays four rows at a time and is per- 
fectly adapted to both high and low 
spraying. It also sprays small fruits, 
currants and gooseberry bushes and 
grape vines as well as tobacco, cab- 
bage, strawberries, etc. It can be 
pushed along as easily as an empty 
wheel-barrow and it does the rest; al- 
though it is provided with a horse- 
hitch. Agencies may be obtained and 
the machine will be sent on ten days 
free trial. 



RELIABLE SEED 

FOR THE FARM AND GARDEN. 

Millets, Amber and Orange Sorghum, Kaffir 
Corn, Teosinte, Buckwheat, Potatoes for late 
planting, Turnip Seed, and all varieties of 
Field and Garden Seeds of the highest qual- 
ity and germination. Write us for quota- 
tions. Mail orders given prompt attention. 

D1GGS & BEADLES, 

1709 East Franklin Street, 
RIC HMOND , VA. 

CATALOG MAILED FKEB. 




KENTUCKY JACK FARM 

A fine lot of KEN- 
TUCKY bred and big 
BLACK SPANISH 

Jacks and Jennets; 
also 1 and 2 year old 
Jacks; young stock for 
sale at all times. 
Write or see me b«- 
fore you buy. Come to Kentucky if you 
want a good Jack. JOB B. WRIGHT, Junc- 
tlon City, Ky. 

SPECIAL BARGAIN SALE 
OF JACKS. 

For the next 60 days, I will sell 
some fine Jacks at ONE-HALF 
their value, in order 
to make room for the 
coming importation. 
I will also pay the R. 
R. fare of buyers dur- 
ing this time. Come 
at once for a bargain. 
BAKER'S JACK FARM, 
Lawrence. Ind. 

WHAT DO YOU WANT? 
There is no ROYAL ROAD to success, but 
the best travelled path in Virginia for those 
who want. FANCY STOCK AND POULTRY, 
is the route to THE CEDARS P. & S. FARM, 
home of the aristocracy in poultry and stock. 
JERSEY CATTLE, DUROC JERSEY and 
POLAND CHINA SWINE, M. B. TURKEYS 
and B. P. R. FOWLS; ENGLISH SETTERS 
and BEAGLE HOUNDS. WM. G. OWENS, 
Midlothian, Va. 

Meadow Brook 
SHROPSHIRES. 

For sale; very fine one and two year old 
pure bred SHROPSHIRE BUCKS; some very 
nice ewe lambs. C. A. SAUNDERS, Meadow 
Brook Stock Farm, Culpeper, Va. 




Shropshire Sheep. 

One pure bred SHROPSHIRE BUCK. Also 
a few pure bred ewes and lambs for sale at 
moderate prices. A. S. CRAVEN. Greenwood, 
Va. 

Woodland Farm 

oSers the best lot of October dropped 
Dorset Ram lambs which 
it has ever raised. 

J. E. WING & BROS., Mechanicsburg. 0. 



428 



THE SOLTTHEKN PLANTER. 



[June, 



(E£ 



mAAA^&AA^ 1 i > rli i -i ii 

R ERKSHIRE S" 

ANNEFIELD HERD 

Contains the 

Finest Blood Lines 

fin England and America. ^^i fi 



Young Stock for Sale. 

Inquiries cheerfully answered. 



EDW. G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms, 

Briggs, Clarke Co., Va. 






m <Ti a ft m tit M 



Berkshires 

Pigs farrowed February and March, 1904, from 
Registered Sows, by MASON OF BILTMORE II 
(68548), a son of Loyal Mason, and a grandson 
of the famous Loyal Berks. Nothing but Bilt- 
more blood in my herd and sure to give sat- 
isfaction to purchasers. 

ROBERT HIBBERT, Charlottesville, Va. 




BEECHENBROOK .STOCK]- FARM. 

High class registered 
BERKSHIRE PIGS, ready 
for immediate delivery. 

PRICES REASONABLE, 

WILLIAMSON TALLEY, 
Richmond, Va. 

Berkshire Boar sn£'S 

CATCH F, and out of a Highclerb sow. for 
aale. Also a young boar (just weaned) by an 
imported son of Manor Favorite, out of an 
imported grand -daughter of Loyal Berks. 
Beit of breeding, best individuals, best dis- 
positions, are to be found in my herd. 

F. M. HODGSON, - 

West End, Va. 



LARGE 
BERKSHIRES 



Am offering a nice lot of pigs, April farrow, 
both sexes, at very reasonable prices. Try 
me with an order and be convinced. Corre- 
spondence solicited. J. W. McFADDIN, 
R. F. D. 1, Raphine, Rockbridge Co., Va. 



BERKSHIRES. 

4 Boar Pigs farrowed March 11th at $5 each 
If taken soon. Will furnish pedigree and de- 
liver to express office here. THESE ARE 
BARGAINS AT PRICE; first orders will get 
them. T. M. KING, R. F. D. 2, Hagan, 
Lee Co., Va. 




Maplewood Herd 

of Berkshires. 

Choice individuals. Selectly bred. Write 
for prices, stating your wants. JOHN F. 
TUCKER, Smyrna, Tenn. 



LBFFEL BOILER. 
For many years James Leffel & Co. 
have heen manufacturing boilers and 
steam engines for every purpose re- 
quiring from three to sixty horse pow- 
er. The illustration herewith shows 




one style made by this firm which is 
particularly suited for farmers, dairy- 
men and others who want power that 
is easily moved from place to place or 
an engine that develops any power 
from three to seven horse and at the 
same time occupies very small space. 
For those who need more power this 
company makes a vertical boiler with 
horizontal engine on the same base, 
which needs very little space and de- 
velops from six to thirty-five horse 
power. AH the engines made by this 
firm are built so as to make the best 
use of fuel, and are economically ope- 
rated. The firm publishes a catalogue 
containing numerous illustrations of 
their various boilers and engines, and 
giving details of construction and ma- 
terial that cannot fail to interest all 
those who contemplate using steam 
power on the farm. This catalogue is 
sent free to any one who asks for it. 
Address James Leffel & Co., Spring- 
field, Ohio. 



A PERSONAL REQUEST. 

We want every reader of this paper 
who does hauling of any kind to send 
to the Electric Wheel Co., at Quincy, 
111., for their new booklet, "Wheel 
Sense." 

We know that a good many farm- 
ers think they have not many spare 
moments at this time of the year, to 
indulge in reading, but this is a book- 
let which will not take many minutes 
to run through and its so full of good, 
sound sense, on the hauling question, 
that you ought not overlook it. 

Of course, it tells about the Electric 
Metal Wheels and the Electric Handy 
Wagons — wide-tired, convenient and 
labor-saving. It is at this time of the 
year when users of wagons equipped 
with Electric Wheels, find them of 
greatest service in hauling manure, 
hay, in harvesting and for the thou- 
sand and one jobs about the farm for 
which a wagon is required. We can- 
not understand why so many men con- 
tinue to load high wagons, cut up their 
fields, overwork their horses, when an 
investment of a few dollars for a set 
of Electric Wheels, would avoid so 
much hard work. Send for the book- 
let and see what hundreds of wide- 
awake farmers have discovered. 



erkshire IHogs! 




assess* 

Sires in service, Rockland Majestic 
of New Era ; his sire Rockland Gen- 
try, champion of America in 1903; grand 
sire, Baron Lee IV, flodel Lee IX, 
sireGov. Lee, champion of America in 
1589, Sows of EQUALLY NOTED 
Strains. A few nice pigs for sale. 
Write for prices. 

JNO. CALHOUN, Clio, S, C 

THOROUGH-BRED. . . . 

Berkshire Boars, 
Dorset Buck Lambs, 
Jersey Bull Calves. 

All stock in best of condition and 
guaranteed as represented. 
F. T. ENGLISH, Centrevllle, Md. 

Hawksley Stock Farm 

has a lot of 
BERKSHIRE PIGS 

ready for shipment. They are good as the 
best. Also young Boars ready for service. 
B. P. ROCKS and S. C. B. LEGHORN Eggs, 
$1 for 13. J. T. OLIVER, Aliens Level, Va. 

PIGS=PIQS=PIG5 

I have some nice 
ESSEX PIGS from 4 
to 8 months old, prices 
from |6.00 to $10.80 each 
I also have a few nice 
SHEPHERD PUPS, 4 
months old at 15 each. 
Tour orders solicited. 

L. G. JONES, Tobaccoville, N. C. 

g^3 ORCHARD HILL PURE-BRED 

POLAND CHINA 

Pigs and brood sows for sale. Also a 
fine Guernsey Bull Calf and S. C. B. 
Leghorn Eggs. F. M. SMITH, JR., 
R. F. D., 4, Charlottesville, Va. 

R E0 POLAND=CHINAS 

With SIZE and FINISH; the LONG. BROAD, 
LOW DOWN kind that GET BIG quickly. 
I offer some very pretty pigs farrowed March 
and April, 1904, at prices any breeder or 
farmer can afford to pay. I am going to sell 
them cheap. Nothing but the very best ship- 
ped. W. B. PAYNE, Edgewood Farm, Crof- 
ton, Va. 




AT FARMER'S PRICES. 

S. M. WISECARVER, - - Rustburg. Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



429 



OKoice Poland-CHirias. 

Sunshine and Free 'Coin- 
age Blood. 

Choice 2 1-2 months pigs. Either sex— ready 
for shipment. $7 each. Eligible to registry 
and guaranteed O. K. Buy the best, it pays 
to do so. E. T. ROBINSON, Lexington, Va. 



i C 



PIGS" 



c( 



PIGS" 

Registered O-l-C Swine 
-:-for SALE-.- 

WM, E. HAMMOND, 

Mansfield Farm, Goochland C. H„ Va. 



O. I. C. PIGS 

from Registered stock, for sale at right 
prices. Address 

F. S. MICHIE, Charlottesville, Va. 



Registered p - Chinas 



Berkshire, 
C. Whites. Fine large 
strains. All ages, mated 
not a in, 8 week, pigs. 
Bred sows. Service boars 
and Poultry. Write for prices and free circular. 
P. F. HAMILTON. Cochranville, Chester Co., Pa. 




1 



Ready for 
Service; 

Bred from Registered Stock, Imported 
from Canada. 

I. H. LAREW, Newbern.Va. 



....BARGAINS.... 

DORSETS AND 
HEREFORDS 

H. AHM3TRO NC, LANTZ MILLS, VA. 

ONE EEGISTBEBD 

HEREFORD BULL 

calf, 10 months old for sale, or will exchange 
for a heifer. 

W. J. ncCANDLESS Brandy Station, Va. 



WANTED 



20 VIRGINIA or NORTH 
CAROLINA GRADE 
SHORTHORN 

heifers, 2 to 3 years old, bred to Registered Bull, 
and to calve from August to January. Address, 
stating price, breeding on both sides, weight 
and age. JANNEV BROS., Gloucester, Va. 



I OFFER' 



2 Reg. Ayrshire Bulls, 

One 10 mos. old PRICE, 840.00. 

One coming 3 yrs. old PRICE, $65.00. 

Dow considering Quality. 
Registered and high grade HAMPSHIREDOWN 
SHEEP of best breeding. Rams. Ewes and 
Lambs for sale. Stock and Prices will suit. 

J. D, THOHAS, Round Hill Va. 
Meadow Brook Stock Farm. 



Mention the Southern Planter when 
corresponding with advertisers. 



GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 

POTATO YEAST. 

Peal and grate eight good sized po- 
tatoes, pour a gallon of boiling water 
over them and let them boil for ten 
or fifteen minutes. When cool add one 
cup of salt, one cup of sugar and one 
yeast cake which has been dissolved 
in cold water, or a cup and a half of 
liquid yeast. (It is safer to to use the 
yeast cake.) Put the yeast in glass 
jars but do not screw the tops on for 
twenty-four hours. After it has 
worked well keep it in a cool place, 
and you will have sweet bread as long 
as it lasts. 

UABD SOAP. 

Melt off the top of a tomato can as 
a measure. Take three cans of clean 
grease, one box of concentrated lye, 
and a bucket of cold water. Put the 
water on in two pots, in one put the 
lye to melt, then add the grease and let 
it boil steadily for an hour, then add 
the other half of the water a little at 
a time. Keep it all boiling slowly for 
another hour, add a handful of salt 
and pour it out into a box lined with 
an old bag. When it is cold cut in 
blocks and expose to the sun for a few 
days before packing. 

STBAWBEEKY WINE. 

Buy the wild berries for this if you 
can get them, they have so much 
more flavor of the strawberry. Take 
six quarts of berries, pour over them 
three quarts of boiling water and let 
them stand till the next day, then 
crush and strain the juice twice 
through a cloth, to one gallon put two 
pounds of sugar, put it into a jug and 
set in a cool dry place to ferment, take 
care not to shake. After six weeks 
cork and seal. This is especially good 
for seasoning sauces and jelly. 

CANNED STBAWBEBEIES. 

Pick over the berries carefully, but 
avoid washing if possible. Put them 
into a granite kettle with about a 
quart of water to six of berries. Let 
them boil for fifteen minutes, heat 
your jars, fill very full with the fruit 
and screw as tight as you can at once. 
Set them in a cool dark place and 
after they are thoroughly cold tighten 
the top. It is very much better not to 
put any sugar in them and is very im- 
portant that they be kept in the dark. 
These make delightful ice cream, and 
are good served with sugar and cream, 
as any other canned fruit is done. 

STEAWBEEEY JELLY. 

This is delicious. Take perfectly 
fresh berries and pick but do not 
wash. If positively necessary to wash 
them, put them in a sifter and pour 
the water over them shaking to get 
off the grit and let the water all drain 
away. Then put them in a kettle and 
bring to a hard boil, pour into a bag 
and let the juice drain off, taking 
care not to press the bag. To each 
pint of the juice weigh one pound of 
sugar. Put the juice on the fire in a 
granite kettle and put the sugar in 
a biscuit pan and set it in the stove 
to heat. When the juice has boiled flf- 



JERSEY BARGAINS. 

10 HEIFERS out of cows from the best in 
ray herd, which I have been 30 years in 
building. They are the prettiest I ever saw. 
Price, $30 each. 

2 Reg. Bull Calves 

6 wks. and 6 mos. old. Each out of a cow 
giving 2 pounds of butter per day, and by 

Coquette's John Bull, 

he out of a cow with a record of 18 pounds 
butter per week. Price, $50 each. Also a 
U. S. SEPARATOR for sale at $40; in good 
repair and cost $125 new. 

A. R. VENABLE Jr., 

Farmvilie, Va. 

Swift Creek Stock and Dairy Farm 

Has for sale a large num- 
ber of nice young regii- 
tered A. J. C. C. 



>-■ :....:,•%;. •' 



JERSEY BULLS 
AND HEIFERS. 



None better bred in the South. Combining , 
closely the most noted and up-to-date blood 
in America. Bulls 4 to 6 months old, $25; 
Heifers, same aga, $35. POLAND CHINA 
PIGS, $5 each. Send check and get what 
you want. 

T. P. BRASWELL, Prop.- Battleboro, N. C. 



Jersey Heifers 



and one bull for sale. 
Depot, Virginia. 



W. B. GATE 3, Rice 






ANGUS & HOLSTEIN CATTLE. 

[Registered and grades, of all agea 
land sexes, and of champion blood 
Ifor the beef and milk Btrains and 
lat moderate prices Also Nursery 
Istock of all descriptions. 
MYER & SON, Brldgeville, Delaware. 



The RICHMOND FREDERICKSBURG. 

and POTOMAC R. R. 
and WASHINGTON SOUTHERN R'Y 

THE RICHMOND^WASHINGTON 

LINE. 

The Link Connecting the 

Atlantic Coast Line R. R., 
Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 
Chesapeake and Ohio R'y, 
Pennsylvania R. R., 
Seaboard Air Line R'y 
and Southern R'y. 

Between all Points via Richmond, Va. 

Fast Mail, Passenger, Express and 
Freight Route between Richmond, 
Fredericksburg, Alexandria, Washing- 
ton, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New 
York, Boston, Pittsburg, Buffalo, and 
all points North, South, East and 
West. 

W. D. DUKE, C. W. CULP, 

General Manager. Asst. Gen'l Man. 

W. P. TAYLOR, Traffic Manager. 



430 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



JOHN S. FUNK, 

GLEN FARM, 

Singer's Glen, - - - Virginia. 

importer and Breeder of 

Polled Durham Cattle 
Southdown Sheep 
Poland-China Hogs. 

Polled Durhams are Shorthorns with the horns 
bred off. They are all either red or roan. Buy 
a Polled Durham and lay aside the bloody de- 
horner. 

PLEASANT 'VALLEY STOGK FARM 

SHORTHORN 

calves from fine milking stock. 

Yorkshire Pigs 

of prolific breed. 
JAMES M. HOQE. Hamilton, Va. 



ELLERSLIE FARM^- 
Thoroughb ^ed Horses 

AND SHORTHORN CATTLE, 

Pure Southdown ftlieep 
and Berkshire Pig'*. 

Fo* Sale. R. J. HANCOCK & SON, 
Charlottesville, Va. 



COOK'S CREEK HERD 




SCOTCH - TOPPED 
SHORTHORNS . . . 



Herd Headed by Governor 
Tyler, 158548, 1st prize aged bull at Radford Fair, 
Young Bulls and heifers for sale. Inspection 
and correspondence invited. 

HEATWOLE & SUTBR, Dale Enterprise, Va. 

SH0RTH0RNBULLSfor 6 a.e (f ro m 3to 

10 mos. old; sired by VERBENA'S CHAMP- 
ION, No. 129881, and ROYAL CHIEF, No. 
185432. Some good POLAND CHINA spring 
pigs and 2 nice fall boars. All stock eligible 
to record. Rare bargains for quick buyers. 

WM, T. THRASHER, Springwood, Virginia, 

MONTE.BE.LLO HERD 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE 

FOR SALE — 2 Registered Bulls, calved 
Dec. 17th, 1902, and Aug. 28th, 1903. 

BerKsHire Pigs 

(Biltmore Strain.) 
farrowed May 1903. For terms, apply to 

L. H. GRAY, Orange, Va. 



Mention The Southern Planter 
when corresponding with advertisers. 



teen minutes add the hot sugar and 
let it boil ten minutes more. Some 
times it will take less time and some- 
times a little longer. Fill the glasses 
and set them in the sun. If your 
glasses have tin tops, be careful to put 
several layers of paper over the jelly. 
This will keep it from molding. 

CHICKEN CROQUETTES. 

Scraps of a roasted fowl will do as 
well for these as one especially pre- 
pared. To one pint of finely chopped 
meat seasoned with one tablespoon of 
salt and one-half teaspoon of pepper, 
one teaspoon of onion juice, one of 
lemon juice, half a teaspoon of celery 
seed. Cream one tablespoon of flour 
with three tablespoons of butter and 
over it pour a cup of scalding cream, 
into this stir the seasoned chicken 
and one pint of fine crumbs, stir well 
and add two beaten eggs, boil about 
two minutes, take from the fire and 
let it get cold, then shape into balls or 
cones and roll in beaten egg and then 
in crumbs and fry in hot fat. 
orange ice. 

Grate carefully nine oranges and 
two lemons. Put the grated rind into 
a bucket with a cup of sugar and a 
quart of water, let it stand. Dissolve 
four full tablespoons of corn starch in 
a little cold water and pour boiling 
water over it to cook clear, about two 
quarts of the boiling water, then add 
six cups of sugar, pour it all over the 
grated rind, and add the juice of the 
fruit, add water enough to make near- 
ly two gallons of ice and freeze hard. 
I use the corn starch because it is so 
much cheaper than the gelatine, but if 
you can afford it the gelatine is bet- 
ter, makes a smoother ice. 
strawberry cream. 

Crush and strain three quarts of 
berries. Make a custard of one quart 
of milk, four eggs and three table- 
spoons of corn starch, pour this into 
three quarts of milk and add the ber 
ries, freeze at once. This will make 
two gallons when frozen. You can put 
the two quarts of sugar in the milk 
or in the fruit. I usually put it in 
the fruit. 

TAPIOCA moulded. 

Soak two cups of tapioca in three 
pints of cold water all night. In the 
morning drain off the water which has 
not been taken up and put the tapioca 
into a double boiler with two quarts 
of milk, a cup and a half of sugar and 
a few blades of mace, let it cook for 
an hour. Wet a round bowl or a num- 
ber of cups and turn the mixture into 
them. Set in the ice box and let it 
stand until thoroughly cold, turn out 
and serve with cream seasoned with 
vanilla. Rice is very good prepared 
the same way and I always mould it 
in cups and put a preserved cherry on 
top of each cup after it is turned out. 

STRAWBERRY SHORT CAKE. 

Make a dough with one quart of 
flour, one teaspoon of baking powder, 
one large spoon of lard and a teaspoon 
of salt. Make it up with sweet mill? 
roll about half inch thick and cut 



into square pieces about the size of an 
envelope, lay one piece on top of an- 
other and bake. When done take off 
the top pieces and butter, spread be- 
tween them strawberries either cut 
into halves, or whole, and sprinkle 
generously with powdered sugar, put 
the top back and serve with cream. 

Caraven. 

rosedale herd 

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle* 

C holce bulls, 4 mos. to 4 yrs. old. Prices a* 
low as good breeding will permit. Inspec- 
tion of herd and correspondence Invited. 

ROSEDALE STOCK FARM, JefforBonte* 
Va. 

3 Registered 
GUS=BULLS 

9 months, 1 and 2 years old, for sale. Also 
half dozen Shropshire Buck lambs, Septem- 
ber delivery. This is all fine stock and north 
of quarantine line. S. S. HEPBURN, Ash- 
land, Va. 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS Bull Calves. 

I offer for Bale two pure bred bulls of the 
above breed, born Dec. 15, and Jan. 30 re- 
spectively, sired by my registered bull, 
ROCKBRIDGE ABACTOR, No. 40364, and out 
of pure bred but unregistered cows. The 
Dec. 15 calf is full brother to one sold last 
season to Mr. Beard, of Moffatts Creek, Au- 
gusta county. The other is out of my larg- 
est cow and very promising. These calves 
will be kept with their dams until nine 
months old. $50 each. 

I have also a fine registered bull calf that 
will be ready for delivery in February. $100. 
No females sold. 

B. F. DAY, Glasgow, Va. 

GREENFIELD HERD^OF 

Aberdeen Angus Cattle. 

Baron Ida, 20184 (Champion yearling, II 
firsts, 17 times in 1st prize herd, 4 flrstj on 
produce of sire and 3 times at head of graad 
sweepstakes herd) at head of herd. 

The females in this herd are prize winner* 
or the Immediate descendants of prize win- 
ners sired by such noted bulls as Champion 
Lord Hlllhurst, Beau Forbes H., by Beau 
Bill (champion of the West for two years); 
Cham. Baron Ida, Ludolph 4th, Rustler 2d. 

Choice calves from the above cows sired 
by Baron Ida, Encouragement 46382, an<5 
Erard 553 SO. 

WARREN RICE, Winchester, Va. 



V.P.I. 

Farm Bulletin 

We are now offering some choice young 
Bulls of the following breeds: 

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus. 

Write at once for pedigrees and prices. 

D. 0. NOURSE, Prof, of Agr. 
Blacksburg, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



431 



\m> 



W 'ilP 



m |29 PIGS 1 13 SOWS 

St. Joseph, III. 
International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Gentlemen: — Word comes to us that one of Fithian's 
prosperous farmers, John Rueb, is the champion hog 
raiser of central Illinois. In the last two weeks he has 
had thirteen sows that farrowed 129 pigs, all living, 
healthy and strong, ftlr. Rueb claims that his success 
is greatly due to his using "International Stock Food/' 
which he has used for several years. John is one of the 
up-to-date farmers and he will continue to use "Inter- 
national Stock Food," and says be can always raisemore 
pigs than any of his neighbors unless they use "Inter- 
national Stock Food." From-ST. JOSEPH RECORD. 

Beware of Inferior Imitations and Substitutes. Write Fs About "Inter. 

national Stock Food." We ll;ivo Thousands of Similar Testimonials 

and Will Fa; Sou $1000 Cash If They Are Not Genuine. 



"DTEBJUTIOXAL STOCK FOOD" fi3=3 FEEDS for ONE CENT=^3 won the Highest Medal at Paris Exposition In 1900 as a High-CIasa Medicinal Preparation, mode from 
powdered Koots, Barks, Seeds end Herbs, to give to Horses, Cattle. Sheep, Goats, Colts, Calves, Lambs and Pigs, in smajl amounts as an addition to their regular grain feed 
to secure better digestion and assimilation BO that each animal will obtain more nutrition from all grain eaten. Scientific authorities prove that the overage animal digests 
55 pel cent, of the average kind of feeds. "International Stock Food" will cause them to digest 70 to 75 per cent. We paid the government $40,000.00 war tax because 
•'International Stcek Food" was a high-class medicinal preparation. Many other kinds did not pay any war tax because they claimed to tha government that they did not 
nse medicinal ingredlentB and did not claim medicinal results. Yon can afford to use preparations of this Jind only on a, medicinal basis. "International Stock Food" 
purifies the blood, "tones op" and permanently strengthens the entire system. It cures or prevents many forms of disease. It will save yon $10.00 per year In the Feed 
•f Every Horse You Work and its use will only cost you $2.50 per -'ear. It saves grain and 30 to 60 days' time in growing and fattening all kinds of stock and is endorsed 
by over one million farmers who have used it for fifteen years. Et is absolutely harmless even if taken into the human system. Beware of the many cheap and inferior 
Imitations and substitutes. Ko chemist can separate and name all of the ingredients we use. Any company or chemist claiming to do so is a Self-Confessed Ignoramus or a 
Paid Falsifier, Insist on having the genuine "International 6tock Food."— OS-It is sold by 100,000 Dealers one, "Spot Cash Guarantee" to Refund Year Money if It ever 
(ails to give yon satisfactory, paying- results and its nse only costs you 83-S FEEDS for ONE CENT.=gja We Have Factories at Slinnetfpolis and Toronto, Canada, 



& $300000 STOCK BOOK FREE 



IT CONTAINS 183 LAR6B ENeRAYINGS 

WE WILL PAY YOU $10.00 CASH IF BOOK ? IS NOT AS DESCRIBED 

The Covar of thit Book ia a Beautiful Live Stock Picture 8^* Printed in Six Brilliant Colors, and Without Any Advertising on it. 
Size of Book Sb6^ by 9i£ inches. It cost us $11000 to have our Artists and Engravers make theGQ Engravings, which are the finest 
engravings of Hones, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hogsand Pooltry that you have ever seen. These 183 Engravings are all made from 
actual photographs and are worthy of a place in any library. It also gives Description, History and Illustrations of the Different 
Breeds of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Hoss and Poultry. It contains Life Engravings of many very noted Animals. 93- It con- 
tains a Finely Illustrated Veterinary Department That Will Save You Hundreds of Dollars, because it describes all common 
diseases and tella you how to treat them. The Veterinary Illustrations are large and absolutely reliable. Correspondence 
promptly answered as wa have an office ferce of J00 including 100 typewriters. 



WE WILL MASL IT TO YOU FREE, wmMimm* 

If Ten Will Writ. Us At One*, Letter or Postal Card, and ANSWER THESE TWO QUESTIONS: 
lit.— NAME THIS PAPER. 2nd.— HOW MUCH STOCK HAVE YOU? 

"■Hrl. INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., EHH 




Largest Stock Food Factory fin the World* 

Capital Paid In $2,000,000.00. 

Tkls Engraving Shows Our New Factory. 

It Contains 18 Acres of Floor Space. 



DAN PATCH 1:5614 

FASTEST HARNESS HORSE IN THE WORLD 

Da. Eats "International Stock F.od" Er.ry Day and 
HOLDS FOLLOWING WORLD RECORDS: 

Milo Record, . I :.">(;« Jlile Record an Half-Hile Track, 2:03Jf Mile lifoorrt to High Wheel Salty, 2:04«i 
Half-mil. Racord, 6:66 Oil* Racord to Wagon, - • 1:^1% Two-Mile Record, ... . i:U 

HIS BEAUTIFUL colored PICTURE FREE 

Printed In Six Brilliant Colors— Size 31 by 28 inches 

We own the World-Famou«, Champion Pacine Stallion, Dan Patch, and hare Fine 

Lithographs of him. They give complete record of all his Races and Fait 

Miles and are Free of Advertising. The large Lithograph will 

show Dan hitched as you see him in this engraving. 

. IT WILL BE MAILED FREE-Postage Prepaid 
•WIF YOU ANSWER THE "TWO QUESTIONS" AND SEND E0R BOOK DESCRIBED AB0VE."» 




Polly found her spelling-lesson very 
difficult, so her governess bought a pic- 
torial book. In which every word pos- 
sible was illustrated. Then Polly got 
on rapidly — so rapidly that Miss Miller 
began to be suspicious. So she put her 
hand over the picture, and then asked 
Polly: 

"What does o-x spell?" 

"Ox," answered Polly. 

"How do you know?" 

"Saw his tail!" exclaimed Polly 
gleefully. 



ORGANIZED 1832. 



A.SSE.TS. $932,050.00. 



Virginia Fire and Marine 

Insurance Company, of Richmond, Va. 

Insures Against Fire and Lightning. 

All descriptions of property in country and town, private 

or public, in&ured at fair rates, on accommodating terms 

AGENCIES IN EVERY TOWN AND COUNTY. 

W. H. PALfiER, President. W. li. flcCARTHY, Secretary. 






43 2 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



MUSIC AS APPLIED TO THE NE- 
GRO PROBLEM. 
Mary Washington Early. 

In slavery times, music formed a 
large and important element in the 
lives of the negroes. It was the spon- 
taneous expression of their naturally 
cheerful, mirthful temperament. They 
had harvest songs, corn shucking 
songs and above all, they had hymns 
in great abundance, with monotonous, 
childish words, but often with beauti- 
ful airs, some of them plaintive, and 
others exultant. Strangers visiting 
Richmond before the war were always 
carried to the tobacco factories to hear 
the negroes sing at their work, and 
the visitors were astonished and de- 
lighted at the rich, mellow voices of 
the sable singers, the accuracy with 
which they carried the different parts 
of the song, and the perfect time they 
kept. "Toll the bell for lovely Nell, 
my dark Virginia bride," "Camptown 
Races," "Uncle Ned," "Stop that knock- 
ing at my door," and many other na- 
tive songs were sung on these oc- 
casions. Then there was wonderful 
singing at the old African church in 
Richmond, for the negro (who really 
is of a religious nature when not cor- 
rupted or inflated by evil counsel) is 
in his element when singing hymns, 
doing so with an unction and "aban- 
don" which no white man but Moody 
or Sanky could emulate. 

But after the negroes were liber- 
ated, and especially after a new gen- 
eration had grown up, singing at their 
work was gradually dropped, as care 
and responsibility increased upon 
them, and their old light hearted 
mirthfulness died out. In the last 
year or two, however, I have noticed 
with pleasure that an effort is being 
made in some localities to revive the 
old time singing of negroes at their 
work, and I trust that the system may 
become generally inaugurated, as I 
believe it will have a beneficial moid, 1 
effect on them, appealing to and soft- 
ening their emotional nature. 

About a year ago, I read a state- 
ment in a Louisville paper that "a 
piano is now a part of the complement 
of machinery in use in the factory of 
the American Tobacco Company, of 
Louisville, and the department of 
music has received official recognition 
In every tobacco manufacturing estab- 
lishment operated by the Continental 
or American Companies." It was sug- 
gested to Mr. Smith, the general man- 
ager, that the stemmers in the leaf de- 
partment of the Continental factory 
be allowed to sing while working, and 
as Mr. Smith remembered that the 
singing darkey in slavery times was 
the best worker, he agreed to this sug- 
gestion after consulting with the su- 
perintendent. The experiment met 
with such success that it was soon 
adopted by other factories under the 
same control. It was found to have 
a favorable effect both on the spirits 
and work of the employees. They 
were always In a good humor, and far 



Local agencies and complete repair stocks everywhere 



DEERING 

HARVESTERS 



International Harvester Co. of America,,Chicago, U. S. A. 



SUNNY HOME HERD OF 

ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE. 

BARON ROSEBOY 57666 by the world famous 
QAY BLACKBIRD heads the herd. 

Females by such noted sires as Gay Blackbird, 14443, (sire of the highest 
priced American bred Angus bull), Ermon 18171, (by the champion sire of 
females Royal Eric), Eulalies Eric 15563, (2nd prize yearling bull at World'* 
Columbian), Beau Bill 13637 (champion of the West for two years), Baron Ida 
20184 (champion at N. Y. State Fair 1898), Baronet of Advia 1226 (by th« 
"Judge" champion of the w&rld). 

Families represented in the herd are Coquette, Queen Mother, Nosegay, 
Westertowm Rose, Old Rose ef Advia, Violet, etc. We claim for our herd as 
good breeding as any herd in America. The individual animals in the herd 
have been selected with the one aim "quality" in view. Come and see, or write 
your order and let us guarantee a flr*t-e]a*B animal. 

Shipping point and depot, Fitzgerald, N. C, on D. & W., 24 miles S.-W. of 
Danville, Va. 

A. L. FRENCH, R. F. D. 2, Byrdville, Va. 




. . . REGISTERED . . . 

ABERDEEN ANGUS BULLS 

of servicable age at a bargain. 

Chonhord Duno * ne ' Des * °^ ^ ne breed 
O ! I C \i 1 1 C I U l U P O at $2.50 each. Coma 

SB and see or write. W. P. ALLEN, Prop, of Glen 

™ Allen Stock Farm, Walnut Hill, Va. 



SPRING LITTERS. 

We have now coming ready for shipment seven litters of 

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS 

All recent experiments place this breed in front, as the best 
and most profitable bacon hog. They will raise 40 per cent more 
pigs and they will grow faster and make more pork in a given 
time than any other breed. 

Also BULLS, YOUNG COWS and HEIFERS from our 
great JERSEY COWS. 

BOWMONT FARMS. Salem, Va. 

IS YOUR FARM FOR SALE? 



R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., 



If so, list it with us. No sale, no charge. 

Largest list of farms for sale in Virginia. 

Write for Free Catalogue. 

inc.) Richmond, Virginia. 



1901.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



433 



less tired at the end of the day. The 
superintendent at the American Cigar 
factory was so pleased with the ex- 
periment that he asked for permission 
to purchase a piano. This was grant- 
ed, and he next employed a young 
woman to play on ii at intervals dur- 
ing the day — either as a solo or as an 
accompaniment to the singing. The 
workers were delighted with this in- 
novation, and all of them agreed that 
the day seemed much shorter than it 
used to do. 

Nor is singing at their work con- 
fined exclusively to negroes in tabocco 
factories. Some months ago, I read a 
very interesting description of the 
singing of the negroes as they worked 
in the lime quarries near Nashville, 
Tennessee. "This city," says the 
writer, "is situated in the centre of 
a great limestone section, and is sur- 
rounded by a cordon of quarries and 
lime kilns, many of which employ 
from 100 to 150 negroes. There is no 
more entertaining sight than to watch 
the negroes drilling blast holes in the 
rock with their long steel instruments. 
They begin work early in the morn- 
ing, silently at first, but it is not many 
minutes before one of their number 
starts a song, and little by little, the 
others join in till the entire 125 are 
singing as they work. At the same 
time that the singing commences, the 
quarrymen catch the cadence and make 
their drills beat time to the words and 
music of the song, so the visitor be- 
holds 125 half naked, perspiring ne- 
groes, all singing one song, not a man 
out of time, not a discordant note, not 
one of them singing too fast or voo 
slow, but all keeping perfect time as 
though led by a trained orchestra 
leader. Their arms, heads and bodies 
are likewise all keeping time. At a 
certain note and word of the song 
every one of the 125 drills is raised 
simultaneously, and as the song rises 
and swells to the climax, all these 
drills fall on the hard stone with a 
resounding clang." 

This description reminds me strong- 
ly of the account Lafcadio Hearn 
gives of the negroes singing at their 
work in the West Indies, of the won- 
derfully accurate time they keep, not 
only with their voices, but with their 
gestures, in singing. This exquisite 
perception of time which even the 
roughest and most ignorant negroes 
appear to possess as a natural gift 
?%ms to afford a fine basis for a mus- 
ical education. It surprises me that 
more negroes do not betake them- 
selves to a musical vocation. With 
proper advantages, they would, I be- 
lieve, be better able to vie with the 
white race in this pursuit than in any 
other art or profession. With the 
strong race prejudice so generally ex- 
isting against negroes in this country, 
it would be difficult or impossible for 
any negro musician (however gifted) 
to get admission into any troupe or 
caste of white performers, but if a con- 
cert or opera troupe could be organ- 



Local agencies and complete repair stocks everywhere 



MCCORMICK 

HARVESTERS 



I 



International Harvester Co. of America, Chicago, U. S. A. 



THE GROVE STOCK FARM 

1 OFFER THIS MONTH 

3 Dorset Hams, 

1 YEAR OLD, REGISTERED. PRICE TO INCLUDE TRANSFER. 



1 HOI VTFIN FRIF^IAN Bllll > 18 months old, sired by 

i nuLsinin riucsiAm u SirNetherlandoftheGrove/ , 

Dam "Floyd Reynolds." Also 3 young bulls, 9 months old, sire 
of these bulls has 24 of his nearest ancestors that gave 21 lbs. of 
butter in 7 days. T. 0. SANDY, Burkeville, Va. 

N. & W. AND SOUTHERN R. R. 



X 

X 



X 



x ClSMONT DORSETS 8 



x 

X 

X Prices Reasonable. 



ClSMONT STOCK FARM offers well developed young 
Dorsets of the best blood of England and America. 



G. S. LINDENKOHL, Keswick, Albemarle Co., Ya. 



X 
X 

X 

X 
X 
X 




EDGEW00D STOCK FARM l° lllVs\ 

You men in the early lamb business need Dorset blood. No 
lamb grows like a grade Dorset. Grade Dorset ewes will lamb 
in December. 

One cross will bring results. Try a Dorset ram. Our fall 
lambs are beauties. Write us or come to see them. 

J. D. and H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, Greenbrier, Co., W. Va. 




HEEBNER'S b l'£,» HORSE POWER 

and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner 

make the handiest and moat economical threshing outfit known. 

| The thresher la made in tbrcealzcs, 21,26 and Win. cylinder. Itle 

o pie, easy to handle, light running, strong, durable and effective 

J machine. Will thresh and clean wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, rice, 

■ alfalfa, millet, aorjtbum, timothy, etc. Capacity 200 to 600 bus. Re- 

I perfect. Will fit one man or a whole neighborhood equally well. Can be run by steam, gasoline, or any other power 1 f preferred. Tread pow- 

I for 1, 2 and 3 horses (equal to 2, 4 and 6 horaesl n lever power.) pm-cuttlng dry feed, enBllage and shelling, sawing wood, pumping, separating 

am, etc Strongest and lightest running powers on the market. Mounted or unmounM, an r.r.lercl. Wo also make Lever Powers, Feed and Enfll- 

b CnttOT, Wood Saws, Peed Grinders, etc. Htwlftrr FltEE C' f >t a i oiru e. HEKBNER & SONS, No. 25 BrondSt., Lanndale, Pa. 



\ 



434 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



ized entirely out of well trained and 
highly educated negro musicians, I 
believe the results would be fine, but 
probably such an experiment, if made 
at all, would have to be carried out in 
one of the old countries. 

But I have, however, a far more 
feasible suggestion to make in regard 
to music amongst negroes: I would 
strongly advocate its introduction into 
the negro schools. While we are pay- 
ing millions to have them taught 
Latin, grammar and algebra (which 
make them neither more useful nor 
moral citizens) let some of that money 
and a very considerable part of it, be 
applied to introducing music into ne- 
gro schools, and thence indirectly into 
their homes. Have an organ or a piano 
(or both) with some competent person 
to play on them and to instruct the 
negro pupils in music. I venture to 
say they will prove apt ones, as a love 
and quick ear for music are gifts that 
nature has bestowed on the sable race. 
I was especially struck with this fact 
in the case of a raw, uncouth little 
negro girl of the "Topsy" type, in the 
service of a family who bought a very 
fine large concert graphophone which 
played "Rusticana Cavalleria," the 
"Toreador" song from Carmen and 
other classical music. A few days 
after its arrival, the little negro girl 
might be heard, repeating these intri- 
cate airs with wonderful accuracy, as 
she picked up her chips or performed 
her other simple tasks. Their quick 
car for sound enables them to learn to 
spell and read more rapidly than white 
children, though they do not keep up 
with the latter after the first stages 
of learning are passed. 

The benefit that negroes have de- 
rived from the school routine is a 
questionable point. I see negro boys 
staggering under the weight of their 
school books (including Latin and al- 
gebra) and yet doubtless there are 
some among them who would, if op- 
portunity were given, commit the most 
monstrous crime known to humanity. 
What they need far more than book 
learning is moral training and re- 
straint, and music would conduce to 
this by softening and refining their 
natures, and supplying them with an 
innocent source of enjoyment at home, 
or in their own social circle, for music 
draws young people together Innocent- 
ly and pleasantly, leads to choir prac- 
tising and other forms of concerted 
music, and even when practised in its 
most primitive forms, exerts a benefi- 
cial influence. By all means, then, let 
the authorities who have such things 
in charge, see to it that a liberal part 
of the funds set apart for negro educa- 
tion be applied to introducing music 
into the negro schools. 

Mary Washington Early. 

Bedford Co., Va. 



A neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 




DUST SPRAY! 



Are You Interested? 



LISTEN! Oar Machines and Formulae 
were used In every comparative test made as the standard system. -, Growers use and 
recommend them everywhere. We make oar compounds and guarantee strength, parity 
and keeping qualities. Our stock compound of chemically pure sulphate of copper and 
lime will form ao new compounds, remain in suspension until applied to the tree and ther6 
old Mother Nature makes the Bordeaux mixture. We are in close touch with all who use 
the system ; we know what they are doing; we publish i t. Do you want to find out? Write 
to headquarters, DUST SPRAYER MFG. CO., 510 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo. Dept. F 



ROSEMONT HEREFORDS. 

?!,T«Si 8 ACROBAT 68460. 

Choice young stock for sale at all times. Visitors welcome. 
Come and inspect the Dest herd in the South 

ROSEflONT FARM. Berryville, Clarke Co., Va. 




in m ) i i u 1 1 i CS 



sxscaen scscrc 



"rrvTTna ssi 



Bacon Hall Farm. 

Hereford Cattle -:- Berkshire Hoes 



REGISTERED-ALL AGES. 

Toulouse Qeese, fluscovy Ducks. 

MOTTO! Satisfaction or no sale. 

E. M. GILLET & SON, - Glencoe, Haryland. 

833 3 I I X 



033553533353 ' """ ^ ^*"» "^ "'"■"■ ' f" 1 " 



Hereford Cattle, j 

Sires in service: IMP. SALISBURY 76059 (19083); LARS JR. 85297. 

My present offering consists of Bull Calves, Aged Bulls, tested and ready for 
service; breeding Cows in calf to above aires. Thase cattle are bred right and well 
developed and the prices are attractive Call and make your personal selection or 
write. I have shipped Herefords, ordered by letter, satisfactorily into more than 
a dozen States. 

Murray Boocock, Owner Castalia Herefords, 

KeswicK, Alb. Co., Va. 



Registered « Herefords, 

Herd headed by the Grand Champion 

American Royal Show 

PRINCE RUPERT, 79539. 

Special Offer: 




PRINCE RUPERT. 79639. 

Two Cows, young, bred to Prince Rupert. 



.All Inquiries CHeerfully- Answered. 

EDWARD G. BUTLER, Annefield Farms, BRI66S, Clarke Co., 



, 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



435 





i-t IM 



more than breed and feed when you see the limit reached in animal development? It is relief 
from lice and all parasites, freedom from disease, health first, last, always. Open the door 
to possibilities Long continued use and manifold tests by high authorities have 
established the ng n«a m. n /S^*^. m BVH H ■ Ha. urn 

emacyof ZE.NOLEUIVI 

Disinfectant, Antiseptic, Lice Killer. 

Cnequaled cure for wire cuts, galls, screw-worms, manpre, etc. The one sure means of 

maintaining sanitary conditions. Three times exclusively used, 1901-3, to destroy disease 

germs and prevent contagion at the International Live Stock Exposition at Chicago. 

"The Great Coal Tar Carbolic Disinfectant Dip." 

If you are not posted on Zenoleum's duty and standing among stock men, investigate 
at once. "Veterinary Adviser" and "Piggie's Troubles," most valuable hand hooks, mailed free. 
Sample gallon Zenoleum S1.50, express prepaid. vccuucd niciUFroTiiuT nn 
" gallons S6.25, freight prepaid. .^ AtnntK UlSINI-bbTaNT l»U., 

"33 Bates St., Detroit, Michigan. 



NAMES OF FERTILIZING ELE- 
MENTS. 

In older States nitrogen is commonly 
sold under the name of "ammonia," 
phosphorus under the name of "phos- 
phoric acid" and potassium under the 
name of "potash." To the farmer who 
really wishes and tries to understand 
the subject of plant food these names 
are very confusing; indeed, it is al- 
most impossible for any one but a 
chemist to understand how these ele- 
ments of plant food can be bought and 
sold under such absurd names. Let 
us consider for example the material 
sodium nitrate. This contains the three 
elements sodium, nitrogen and oxygen, 
as the name indicates (-ate means 
oxygen), and it is valued only for the 
nitrogen it contains, which amounts to 
nearly 16 per cent, in a good commer- 
cial grade of sodium nitrate. This is 
all simple enough. If sodium nitrate 
contains 16 per cent, of nitrogen this 
would be 320 pounds of nitrogen in a 
ton of the material, and, at 15 cents 
a pound for nitrogen, a ton of sodium 
nitrate would be worth about $48. It 
is both absurd and unnecessarily com- 
plicated to sell sodium nitrate on the 
basis of "ammonia." First, because it 
contains no "ammonia"; second, be- 
cause "ammonia" is not what the plant 
needs; and, third, because it is not 
"ammonia" that we would wish to buy 
even if we needed to purchase nitro- 
gen. Ammonia is a compound of ni- 
trogen and hydrogen, but no hydrogen 
is contained in sodium nitrate, and we 
have no need to purchase hydrogen, as 
water contains an abundance of that 
element. 

Let us consider steamed bonemeal. 
This is valued for its phosphorus con- 
tent, but in the older States it is sold 
on the basis of "phosphoric acid." This 
is perhaps more confusing and more 
absurd than "ammonia." Phosphoric 
acid is not contained in bonemeal, and 
phosphoric acid is not suitable for plant 
food, and people do not mean phos- 
phoric acid when they say phosphoric 
acid. What they do mean is phos- 
phoric oxid, a compound of phosphorus 
and oxygen, containing less than 44 
per cent, of the element phosphorus, 
the real thing which we wish to pur- 
chase. Phosphoric acid is a compound 



Large ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 

BOARS ready for service. 
Pigs ready to ship. Bred Gilts. 

Forest Home Farm, 

P\ircellville,Va. 



86 BERKSHIRE PIGS 

now ready for shipment ; 10 to 12 weeks 
old, from directly imported sows or from 
sows of imported blood on both sides '. 
sired by my 4 UNSURPASSED HERD 
HEADER BOARS from N. Benjafield, 
C. Collins Smith, James Lawrence and 
R. W. Hudson all of England. BRED 
SOWS, GILTS and ready-for-service 
BOARS. Prices as low or lower than 
those of any other STANDARD breeders, novices not reckoned. 

THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA. 




GLENBURN 
. . . FARM . . . 



BERKSHIRES 

are of the bluest blooded strains of English and American breeding. The Boars, 
Imported LOYAL HUNTER and LEE TOPPER, bred by Biltmore Farms, head 
the herd. Can furnish pigs out of imported sows and by imported boars ; also from 
best American bred animals, grand-daughter of such celebrated boars as First 
Catch F, Manor Favorite, etc. Dr. J. D. KIRK, Proprietor, Roanoke, Va 




THE - OAKS - STOCK - FARM. 
A. W. HARMAN, Jr., Prop., 

We breed and ship the best strains of 

Lane ENGLISH BERKSHIRES 

Send us your order and get the best. 

6 coming 2 year old JERSEY HEIFERS for 
sale ; also 2 fine Jersey Cows ; 1 yearling heifer, 
a perfect beauty. Write for price. 

ALEX. HARMAN, Mgr.,L«lorton, Va. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention the 

SOUTHEBN PLANTER. 



436 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



of phosphorus, oxygen and hydrogen, 
the last two elements being contained 
in water. Even phosphoric oxid is 
not contained in bonemeal, and that 
compound would not be a suitable 
form of phosphorus for plant food. 
Why all this unnecessary complica- 
tion? Good steamed bonemeal contains 
about 12J per cent, of phosphorus, or 
250 pounds of phosphorus in a ton. 
This is a valuable element of plant 
food. At 12 cents a pound for phos- 
phorus the steamed bonemeal would be 
worth about $30 a ton. This is all sim- 
ple and plain enough so that any one 
can easily and fully understand it, the 
farmer as well as the fertilizer dealer 
or manufacturer. 

Again, let us consider such a mate- 
rial as potassium chlorid, a compound 
of the two elements potassium and 
chlorin, containing in the common 
market grade about 42 per cent, of the 
element potassium. This compound is 
commonly sold in the older States un- 
der the incorrect and confusing name 
of "muriate of potash," and it is sold 
on the basis of "potash." The term 
muriate, euding in -ate, would indi- 
cate that this material contains oxy- 
gen, but this is not true, as it contains 
only potassium and chlorin, although 
there is no indication of chlorin in the 
name of muriate of potash. Potash 
is a compound of potassium and oxy- 
gen, ontaining 83 per cent, of the ele- 
ment potassium; but there is no oxy- 
gen in potassium chlorid, and conse- 
quently there is no potash in potas- 
sium chlorid. Furthermore, potash, 
which is potassium acid, is a lye 
("this is no joke") and not suitable 
for plant food, and it contains the ele- 
ment oxygen which nobody cares to 
purchase, as the air is one-fifth oxy- 
gen and water is eight-ninths oxygen. 

Potassium is a valuable element of 
plant food. Ordinary potassium cho- 
rid contains about 42 per cent, of that 
element, or about 840 pounds in a ton 
of material, .which at 6 cents a pound 
for potassium would be worth $50.40 
a ton. This again is direct and simple 
and all that is necessary fully to un- 
derstand the purchase of this element. 

Of course we can say "potash" and 
explain what we mean by it. For ex- 
ample, if potassium cholrid contains 
42 per cent, of potassium it contains 
sufficient potassium to make about 50 
per cent, of potash if the potassium 
were made to unite with oxygen to 
form potash, but as the potash whicti 
might thus be formed would contain 
oxygen its value per pound would be 



THE "ELI 




King of 
Balers. 

A train of follow- jr^Jfe 
era, but no »;<pialb gg£^ 
Prore a its Huperior-BS^ 
Ity wherever it goe*.**" 
Makes tight shapely halew.not \//tJ 38 Style* 

loose bundles, works Taut, '^nXu^ Bn ^ Sixes. 
avoids accfdenil and endures. Little draft, tremendous 

power, a machine <<f special feature*. Writ*: for fre« £11 catalogue. 
Collins Plow Co., 1 1 85 Hampshire St., Qulncy, III. 



v 



Local agencies and complete, repair stocks everywhere 




CHAMPION 

HARVESTERS 



International Harvester Co. of America, Chicago, U. S. A. 



...Jersey and Guernsey Heifers... 




SALE 



Berkshire sows due to farrow in April and May, several boars large enough for 
service, pigs in pairs or trios not akin. 

EGGS FOR HATCHING from Bronze turkeys, Pekin ducks, B. P. Rock 
and Brown Leghorn fowls. A few trios for sale, also a fine lot of Fox Terrier 
puppies by imported Rozanne. 

M. B. ROWE & CO., Fredericksburg, Va. 

POLAND CHINAS. 

Choice PIGS, BOARS and 
GILTS of fine breeding and in- 
dividuality ; also 

SHROPSHIRE RAMS. 

Pedigrees furnished ; stock guaranteed as represented and if 
not satisfactory, may be returned at my expense. Prices low. 

J. F. DURFETTE, Birdwood, Albemarle Co., Va. 

..ELMWOOD NURSERIES.. 




WE ARE GROWERS AND OFFER A FINE ASSORTMENT OF 

Apple*, Peaches, Pears, Cherries, Plums, Apricots, Necta- 
rines, Urspevints in large assortments, Gooseberries, Currants, 
strawberries, Horse-K* adi«-h, Asparagus, Dewberries and 

an extra fine lot Raspberries. Splendid assortment Ornamental and Shade 
Trees, Ornamental frhrubs and Hedge Plants. 

EGGS from B. P. ROCK and BROWN LEGHORN FOWLS at $1.00 per 1$. 
ALk> a few pullets and cockerels of these breeds at $1.00 each for immediate da- 
livery. Write for Catalogue to 

J B. WATKINS & BRO., Hallsboro, Va. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



437 



less than that of potassium, the value 
of potash depending entirely on the 
amount of potassium it would con- 
tain. By remembering that potash 
would contain only about 83 per cent, 
of potassium it will be seen that with 
potassium at 6 cents a pound would 
be worth only about 5 cents a pound, 
and consequently that a ton of potas- 
sium cholrid (or shall we say "muriate 
of potash"?) containing sufficient po- 
tassium to make 50 per cent, of pot- 
ash would contain in one ton enough 
potassium to make 1.000 pounds of 
potash, which at 5 cents a pound for 
potash would make $50 a ton for po- 
tassium chlorid; or if we were to make 
all the computations with absolute ac- 
curacy it would come out $50.40, as 
given for potassium. 

I once spent nearly two hours' time 
with a very progressive and intelli- 
gent Illinois farmer who desired me 
to explain exactly what muriate of 
potash is and what the analysis show- 
ing 50 per cent, of potash means. After 
nearly two hours' work he actually 
gave the problem up, saying that he 
could not understand it. As a chemist 
I can understand it, but I cannot un- 
derstand why scientific men working 
in the interest of agriculture should 
encourage the continuation of sucn an 
outrageous system for reporting the 
analysis of fertilizers or plant food ma- 
terials. About the only reason which 
is ever given for using the terms am- 
monia, phosphoric acid and potash is 
that they do so in the older States, al- 
though there are some people who say 
that the farmers do not need to un- 
derstand the matter. 

It may be that there would be some 
difficulty in the older States in chang- 
ing from these long-used though mis- 
used names to the names of the ele- 
ments, but it would be no more diffi- 
cult than to change from the older 
money systems to the decimal systems, 
as has been done by almost every civ- 
ilized nation excepting England, or to 
change from the old cumbersome sys- 
tems of weights and measures to the 
simpler metric system, as has been 
done by nearly all countries excepting 
the United States and Great Britain. 
Certainly we have no right to force 
these old incorrect and meaningless 
names on the progressive farmers of 
the great Central West. They desire 
to understand both the practice and 
science of agriculture. It is only in 
agriculture that these absurd names 
are used. In the steel and iron indus- 
try, when they have anything to say 
about phosphorus, they say phospho- 
rus; in pharmacy and medicine when 
they say phosphoric acid they mean 
phosphoric acid. 

In a late publication from the Unit- 
ed States Department of Agriculture, 




r in Mind 



Hogs require a remedy compounded espe 
eially to prevent and arrest their diseases. It 
is absurd to expect satisfactory results from 
any preparation claimed to be a cure-all for 
all animal ailments, especially the "cheap 
stock foods" that are recommended for about 
everything. 

The pioneer exclusive hog remedy, the peer of them all, the one that has stood the 
severest tests for nearly 30 years, the one used by leading hog raisers in America and 
Europe, the one that is guaranteed by a TT _,_ T , r _ TT . _ . ______ 

guarantee, that guarantees is DR. JOSEPH ABSOLUTELY GUARANTEED 
HAAS' HOG REMEDY. Prices, 25-lb. can, •™- WVJL - u **-*- ± uuxuvniu^i/ 
$12.50; 12y 2 -lb. can, $6.50 prepaid; packages, $2.50, $1.25 and 50 cents each. None gen- 
uine without my signature on package or can label. j 

HOGS PAID FOR IF THEY DIE. 

When my Remedy is fed under the conditions of my Insurance Proposition. Any 
bank or trust company in Indianapolis, or the mercantile agencies, will tell you that I 

am linancially able to carry out my insurance 
contracts. 

HOG BOOK FREE 

"HOGOLOGY," my book about hogs, will 
be sent FREE if you mention the Southern 
Planter when asking for it. It tells all about 
my insurance proposition and makes hog- 
raising easy to all who follow the advice 
given. It covers the subject of hog raising 
rorn A to Z, not in theory, but through 
facts as found in a lifetime devoted to the 
study of the hog. 

owned and occupied by Jos. Haas. JOS. HAAS, V. S„IlldiaiiapoliS, In<L 



^ 





KE MAGIC 



Thirteen years' successful use has proven Manfield's MAGIC STOCK !FOOD to be abso- 
lutely the best animal Tonic and system Regulator for HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP and 
HOGS. It contains all the necessary requirements. It is purely vegetable, and is guar- 
anteed to be safe and effectual, or money refunded. A hard winter on stock leaves them 
in a run down condition, and in such cases Magic Pood is necessary. Stock and Poultry 
raising cannot be entirely successful without Magic Pood. MAGIC FOOD is imitated. Get 
the genuine, avoid substitutes. 

Every Farmer and Stock Owner who sends his address to the Magic Food Co., Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn., will receive free by mail a valuable book on the management of Stock and 
Poultry, and three nice colored pictures, without advertisements and well worth framing. 

Magic Poultry food will KEEP THE FLOCK HEALTHY, and make hens lay. Sold by 
3,000 dealers in 33 States. 



If your dealer does not keep it, write to us. 



'Hi 



■ 



DR. A. C. DANIELS 

Can save you Money, save your Horse, 
save your Mule or save your Cow. &J- 

Home Treatment for Horses and Cattle. 

Sick and Lame Horses Made Well. Weak Cows Made Strong. Better Breeders and Milkers- 
Book for the asking of your druggist or dealer, or send to 

DR. A. C. DANIELS, 172 Milk St., BOSTON, MASS. 



Mention the Planter. 



DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES 



UNTIL YOU HAVE INVESTIGATED 

"THE MASTER WORKMAN.. 



A two-cylinder gasoline engine; superior to all one-cylinder engines. Costs les9 to buy and less to run. Quicker and easier started. Has a wider 
§pn«r« of ruefulness. Has no vibration; can be mounted on any light wagon as a portable. Weighs less than half of one-cylinder engines. Give size 
of engine required Size* 1 54, 2, 2%, i, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15 horse power. Mention this paper. Send for catalogue. THE TEMPLE PUMP CO., Meaghtr 
and 15th SU., CHICAGO 



438 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



Bureau of Soils (Bulletin No. 22, "The 
Chemistry of the Soil as Related to 
Crop Production"), all analyses re- 
ported show the amount of the ele- 
ment potassium and not potash. 

Already several of the States have 
passed laws compelling the use of ni- 
trogen in place of ammonia in fertil- 
izer analysis and the Illinois Legisla- 
ture upon request of the Illinois State 
Farmers' Institute has passed a law 
requiring that all fertilizers sold in 
this State shall bear a statement of 
the analyses which shall show the ex- 
act percentages of the three elements 
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 
contained in the fertilizer sold. The 
Illinois fertilizer manufacturers sup- 
ported the bill for this law making the 
purchase and use of plant food more 
readily intelligible to the farmer, and 
it is not too much to hope that other 
States will join in reducing the pur- 
chase and sale of fertilizers and the 
use of plant food to the simplest pos- 
sible basis. Cyril G. Hopkins. 

University of Illinois. 

(To be Continued.) 



THE DEMING POWER SPRAYING 
OUTFIT. 
One of the most satisfactory gaso- 
line spraying outfits is the one lately 
brought out by the Deming Company, 
of Salem, Ohio, the well known manu- 
facturers of spraying appliances. We 
reproduce this model outfit complete, 
engine, sprayer and tank mounted on 
a wagon all ready for use. The pump 
is double acting ana may be speeded 
to 50 revolutions per minute. Safety 




valve and pressure gauge are fitted to 
the air chamber which may be re- 
lieved at any desired pressure up to 
125 pounds. The tank is provided 
with mechanical agitator to secure a 
perfect mixing of spraying material. 
The engine is perfect working and has 
every provision for safety. It is water 
cooled, water being supplied by an in- 
genious piping and doing away with 
the necessity for pumping. i'Jje base 
of the outfit io a cigut c or the 

cooling water. [t ; ?. provided with 
strong electric igniter and its current 
is furnished by improved dry batteries. 
The oiling is simple and there is easy 
access to every part. 



Local agencies and complete repair stocks everywhere 




PLANO 

HARVESTERS 



International Harvester Co. of America, Chicago, U. S. A. 



THE OAKS= 



offers "Show Yard" material in a 

Reg. MORGAN STALLION 

Rising 2 years old, mahogany bay, white hind feet, diamond between nos- 
trils; also a Reg. SHORTHORN BULL, red with white switch; good enough 
to show in any company. Stock guaranteed as represented or can be re- 
turned at my expense. B. B. BUCHANAN, Bedford City, Va. 




CHESTER WHITES. 

Registered Herd— First Premium stock; largest and 
most prolific ho? on record: 3 Sows 41 Pigs: breeding 
Stock 100 to 700 pounds; easy feeders and quickly 
developed 8ows, Bo»n and Pigs for sale My time 
to this breed exclusively. Only strictly first class 
stock shipped. 

P. M. rUNKHOUSER.Winchester, Va. 

Reference : Farmers and Merchants National Bank, 

Winchester, Va. 



REGISTERED 

.a. ixr 13 - o h x ]xr a. 

Pigs from 4 to 6 months old. Boars ready for service, and young sows 
with pigs. Tamworth pigs 8 wks. old $5. Prices Reasonable. Appl> to 

J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Va. 



We positively guarantee 

the VERY BEST strains of 



to breed 
an'd ship 

thoroughbred registered LARGE 
ENGLISH BERKSHIRE 

Hogs for LESS MONEY than any other 
firm in the U. S., the superiority of our 
stock considered. Send us your order 
and we will satisfy you both in price 
and Stock. WALTER B. FLEMING, 

Proprietor «f the Bridle Creek Stock Farm, 




Warreaton. N. C 



FOR THE PLANTER 

the Clnner, the Farmer, the Miller, the Sawyer, or Anybody Else who desires a 
highly efficient power which will require little space, nothing quite equals the 

pf f a| Combined Engine and Boiler 

|pjj^ I q ^La? H It entirely self-contained. Machinery can i 
be belted to either side of engine shatt. Ex- *= 
ceedingly safe. Free from escaping sparks. We make them from 6 up to 
40 h. p. Being mounted on skids with engine on top, they are easy to 
handle and will stand the hardest kind of usage. Great favorites with 
saw mill owners. We also make other engines in great variety. Write 
at once for our special book on "Power Economy and Efficiency." It . 
Is sent free for the asking. 

James Left el & Co, Box 134 Springfield, O. 




1904. ] THE SOUTHE RN PLANTER. 439 

BILTMORE FARMS, - Biltmqre, N. C. 

Headquarters for GOLDENLAD JERSEYS, 

Also Get of TREVARTH and GEN. MARIGO LD. * * * 

GOLDEN LAD'S SUCCESSOR. First and sweepstakes over all at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
champion JEESEY BULL OF AMERICA, and out of Golden Ora, our great prize-winning cow, both 
born and developed on these Farms, is among our service bulls. 

Biltmore Jerseys are a combination of large and persistent milking qualities with an individuality 
that wins in the show rinc 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of the best lot of young bull calves ever offered, both for 
breeding and individuality. They are by noted sires and out of large and tested selected dams. Many 
of these calves are fit to show and win in any company. 

* * BILTMORE POULTRY YARDS. J> * 

SPECIALTY. Write for descriptive circular of eggs fiom our prize-winning pens. Over 50 yards to select 
from, made up of the winners at the leading shows for the last tr;o seasons. If you want winners vou 
must breed from winners. 

Headquarters for the best IMPORTED ENGLISH BERKSHIRES. 

apply to BILTMORE FARMS, biltmore, n. c. 

E ggs for hatchin 

The Imperial Fruit and Poultry Farm 

.a .* Is now booking orders for eggs fer hatching from strictly pure, high-class ^* ^a 
& ^ poultry, at $1.00 for 15 eggs, except duck eggs, which are $1.00 for 13. * ^ 




BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKS, 

SINGLE COMB WHITE AND S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS, 

SILVER LACED AND WHITE WYANDOTTE, 
MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKS. 



Satisfaction Guaranteed. Write your name and address plainly. 

P. M. HEYDENREICH, Prop., .• .' .• Staunton, Va 



440 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



[June, 



A HAT-PIN. 

ALL ABOUT IT. 

Oh, Reginald Van Buren lived 

A very happy life, 
Until one day a gift he bought 

And gave it to his wife. 

The gift was just a hat-pin, but 

The head was an odd tint, 
A sort of brown enamel with 

A lovely reddish glint. 

Was Reggie's wife deligted? Well, 

Delighted! — she was that! 
She cried, "To match this hat-pin, why, 

I'll have to have a hat!" 

She got a hat to match the pin; 

To match the hat, a veil; 
And now we are but started on 

This very thrilling tale. 

To match the veil she got some gloves; 

To match the gloves, a purse; 
And from that moment, really, 

Things went from bad to worse. 

To match the purse she got a skirt; 

To match the skirt, a waist; 
To match the waist she got a cloak: 

All chosen with good taste 



To 



hat-pin. Then she 



match th< 
bought 
Innumerable things, 
From lingerie to things you see, 
From shoestrings up to rings. 

To match this toilette all complete 

The parlor was arranged; 
To match the parlor, next the house 

From basement up was changed. 

But when this transformation scene 
Was finished and complete, 

The dear dame thought the dwelling- 
place 
Was better than the street. 

And so she found a street to match 
Her dwelling and her gown; 

And then, "Alas, alack!" she cried, 
"The street don't match the town!" 

Poor Reginald Van Buren stormed, 

While Mrs. Reggie cried; 
She had hysterics, got quite ill, 

And pined away and died. 

l'envoi. 
So. husbands, now take warning all, 

Unless you'd live in strife; 
Give any mortal present but 

A hat-pin to your wife. 
— Harold Melbourne, in May Lippon- 
cott's. 



Mr. W. A. Sargent, the owner of the 
famous Maplemont Stock Farm Collie 
Kennels, has sold his farms and lands 
in Vermont and bought a place in 
South Athol, Mass. This move on the 
part of Mr. Sargent, is made that he 
may devote his whole attention to Col- 
lies, of which he makes a specialty. 
The new address is Maplemont Ken- 
nels, South Athol, Mass. 



£>t Hlbans 

Scbool 




Situated on a 

Sunny Headland 

above the 

Banks of New Rivee, 

IN THE 

Blue Grass Region 
of Virginia 



Prepares Boys 

FOR UNIVERSITY OR 
FOR BUSINESS.^ -.£>.£>.£? 



SEND FOR ANNUAL CATALOGUE, IN WHICH IS 
PUBLISHED "PLAN OF ST. ALBANS SCHOOL." 

Address, W. H RANDOLPH, 

Head Master, 
Radford, - - - Virginia. 



CHARTERED 1870. 



IEECHAHTS NATIONAL BANE 



OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



Capital Stock, 
Surplus and Profits, 



$200,000.00 
$672,445.75 



Designated Depository of the United States, City of Richmond and Commonwealth 

of Virginia. 

Being the Largest Depository for Banks between Baltimore and New Orleans, this 
Bank oners superior facilities for direct and quick collections. 

JNO. P. BRANCH, JNO. K. BRANCH, JOHN F. GLENN 

President. Vice-President. Caihier 



i?CKXKKKX>K^^ 03T3t3Gt3t3t3r3r3r5Ct3r3C3t9t3J3r«3t9r3t»3t3r5 



DO YOUR TRADING 



Where an established reputation warrants continued confidence. The name of LU MS DEN 
on anything in the JEWELRY or SILVERWARE line is a standard of quality. 

FINE GOLD AND DIAMOND JEWELRY, 

STERLING SILVERWARE AND CUT GLASS. 

J SIX SOLID STERLING SILVER TEA SPOONS, $3.30. Write for our catalogue; it contains 

I many articles on which we can save you money. 

j C. LUMSDEN & SON, Established 1835, 731 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. 



Where to Sell Your WOOL 

WE ARE THE LEADING DEALERS IN THE WOOL TRADE IN VIRGINIA. 

HIGHEST MARKET PRICE PAID, and no Commission, Freight, &c. 
charged- SACKS FURNISHED FREE. Checks remitted promptly. 
Correspond with us when ready to sell. 

THE WALLERSTEIN PRODUCE CO., 19&21 So. 13th St., Richmond, Va. 

References : American National Bank and Richmond merchants generally. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



441 



HEALTHY BEDROOMS. 
Each person requires 1,000 cubic feet 
of air in the sleeping room. Measure 
the room you sleep in and see if you 
have 1,000 cubic feet. Multiply the 
length by the breadth, and then multi- 
ply this product by the height of the 
room, and if this equals 1,000 you have 
1,000 cubic feet. For instance, your 
room is 10 feet square and 10 feet high. 
then you have exactly 1.000 cubic feet 
in your sleeping-room. A room of this 
size, if it is well ventilated, is. says 
Science Sittings, sufficient for healthy 
respiration. If it is smaller than this. 
it is insufficient. If your sleeping- 
room is only eight feet high, it should 
be a little over eleven feet square. 
From these examples anyone can fig- 
ure up for himself the size of his sleep- 
ing-room. Generally speaking, how- 
ever, if more attention were paid in 
the direction of keeping bedroom win- 
dows open all night, summer and win- 
ter, less attention would be required 
as to the size of the room. 



"NO MORE DOCTORS FOR ME." 
East Troy. Wis., April 16, 1904. 
Dr. Jos. Haas, Indianapolis, Ind.: 

Dear Sir, — I would not be without 
your Remedy. A party at Beloit has 
just lost $10,000 through the loss of 
his herd of fine hogs. He had Doctors 
there night and day but they were of 
no use as the hogs died just the same. 
I do not think he was wise or he 
"would have used Dr. Haas' Hog Rem- 
edy. I employed the best doctor in 
Waukesha county when my hogs were 
sick yet they died. No more doctors 
for me as long as I can get Dr. Haas' 
Remedy. Truly yours, 

F. A. Rhodes. 



At a concert held at a certain town 
a soldier of the Black Watch occu- 
pied a seat in front of a private of an 
Irish regiment and his sweetheart. 
The latter was very much interested 
in the Highlander's uniform, and 
scanned the regimental badge on his 
cap and collar particularly. This 
badge is the figure and cross of St. 
Andrew, with the motto, "Nemo me 
impune lacessit." (No one annoys me 
with impunity.) 

"Phwat does that writin' mane, 
Patsy?" asked the girl. 

"Phwy," replied Pat, "it's Latin, but 
I've forgotten the English av it. But 
in good ould Oirish it manes. "Thread 
on the tail av me coat if ye dare!" 



IMPORTANT TO FARMERS. 

Carthage, N. C, April 9, 1904.— I 
have carefully examined the plan of 
Bryan Tyson for balancing the manure 
of various domestic animals and I 
find it to be correct and easily proven. 

I believe that if it is generally used 
by the farmers it will result in much 
benefit to thenl J. J. Payseur, 

Prin. of Carthage Academy. 

Carthage Blade, April 28, 1904. 



Local agencies and complete repair stocks everywhere 



MILWAUKEE 

HARVESTERS 



International Harvester Co. of America, Chicago, TJ. S. A. 




OF ALL KINDS. 



Painted Corrugated Roofing, Painted V. Crimp 
Roofing, Roofing Tin in boxes or rolls, Tarred 
Roofing Feit, Perfected Granite Roofing. % V 




Send us the DIMENSIONS OF YOUR ROOF, stating 
KIND OF ROOFING wanted, and we will quote you on sufficient 
quantity to cover it. 



You can ADD YEARS to the life of your roof by painting 

Magnet Red Roofing Paint. 

1 gallon will cover 21 squares. Can furnish in any size package, 
1 gallon up. Only the very HIGHEST GRADE material enter 
into the manufacture of this paint. Write for prices. 



We also carry a complete stock of Conductor Pipe and Gutter, Solders and Metals; Galvanizedland 

- Black Sheet Iron, etc. '- 

Southern Railway Supply Company, 

1323 East Main Street, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



442 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



IGNORANT OF ITS USE. 

Old Doctor Miskelli, of the Red Bank 
neighborhood, was very fond of chew- 
ing tobacco, and he was, moreover, a 
bit careless as to where he expecto- 
rated. 

On one occasion he had called at the 
home of Mrs. Simmons, an old lady 
who believed that cleanliness comes 
next to Godliness. This lady, knowing 
the spitting proclivities of the Doctor, 
had provided for his use a fancy china 
cuspidor. The Doctor, however, ig- 
nored its presence and continued spit- 
ting upon the floor of the veranda 
where they were seated. At the same 
time Mrs. Simmons kept moving the 
cuspidor gently into a more and more 
favorable position for the old gentle- 
man's use. 

Finally, becoming exasperated at the 
queer doings of his hostess, the Doctor 
with some warmth exclaimed, — ■ 

"Mrs. Simmons, if you don't move 
that thing I'm going to spit in it!" — 
Hugh A. C. Walker, in May Lippin- 
cott's. 



Nothing but the best and purest 
shaving soap should ever be used on 
the face. The tendency to use "any 
old soap" is dangerous and untidy and 
often causes soreness and irritation 
that may result seriously. Poor soaps 
bite and sting and take the edge off 
your razor; in fact, they are unsatis- 
factory in every way. We advise the 
use of Williams' Shaving Soap as a 
means of overcoming all these difficul- 
ties. Send a 2 cent stamp to the J. B. 
Williams Co., Glastonbury, Conn., for 
a trial sample. 



A student in one of the theological 
seminaries recently went up for exami- 
nation, and it was seen that he was 
sadly deficient in his knowledge of the 
Bible. It was also seen that he could 
not pass, but the examiner, who want- 
ed to show that he knew something, 
asked him if there was any verse in 
the Bible that he knew. Yes, the 
young man knew one. 

"What is it?" 

" 'Judas went out and hanged him 
self.' " 

"Don't you know any other?" 

"Yes, just one." 

"You may repeat that one also." 

" 'Go thou and do likewise.' " 



Have you read the story of "Sam 
uel Slow and Solomon Spry"? It tells 
about savin? work and making money 
on the farm. Send for a free copy. 
Electric Wheel Co., Quincy, III. 



A sheep dip that kills insects with 
out injury to the animal or its skin 
and fleece, prevents fresh attacks, kills 
nits and eggs, also in one dipping, has 
no objectionable smell and acts also 
as a tonic and stimulant to the fleece 
certainly has claim to patronage. The 
Cooper Dip claims all these conditions. 



GENUINE OLIVER CHILLED 
STEEL BEABVi 



D REPAIRS. 




PLOWS 



This far-famed and world- 
renowned Plow we guaran- 
tee you is worthy of all that 
is said in praise of it. Wood 
Beam also furnished. Write 
for large Illustrated Cata- 
logue. 

We are general distribu- 
tors of the GENUINE ONLY. 



Farm Tools and Soppl 

Large Illustrated Catalogue for 
1904 just issued, embracing 
Hand, Horse and Power Labor- 
Saving Implements. 

You must save as well as make money. 

Write for this FREE catalogue 
at once. 



Implements 
Poultry Supplies 



Fertilizers 
Wheel Material 




| 4i to 5! Union Street, NORFOLK, VA. 



Season is at hand. HEN 

PRODUCTS higher than 

ever. Our prices low. Write 
for Free Catalogue. 




"--*— ^^^j^ 



SPRAT NOW 

and save your fruit and 
vegetables. Catalogue 
and Spraying Calendar 
giving FORMULAS, free 
for the asking. 

Our Pumps used by Vir- 
ginia and North Carolina 
Agricultural Departments 

Pumps, Wind Mills, 
Rams, Fencing, Gasoline 
Engines, etc. 

Sydnor Pump and Well Co., Inc., 

BOX 94-9. 

RICHMOND, VA. 




The 



ndth pari 



OGKER CHURN 

Gets the butter from the cream down to the one 
thousandth part. Made of tasteless wood and the churning process is 
entirely the result of its own motion— no machinery inside or out to 
get out of order or require oiling. 

its Special Advantages 

are: 1— Simplicity. 2— Least friction. 3— Gravity does the churning) 
a child can operate it. i- Absolutely no adjustments, always ready. 
5— Nothing but the churn box to clean, easily accessible. 6— Violent 
agitation of cream without paddles or dashers. 7— Gives the finest 
grade of butter of any churn on the market. WE PAY THE FREICHT. 
Your money back If nol satisfied. In eight convenient sizes, 8 to 60 
gallons. Price as right as the quality. Illustrated circulars free. 

Rocker Churn Mfg. Company, Forsyth, Georgia, 



a- 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



443 



ESTABLISHED 1840. 



INCORPORATED 1893. 



A. C. SINTON. President, R. R. GWATHMEY. Vice-President, J. J. SUTTON, Secretary, 

The WATT PLOW CO., 

15th & Franklin and 14th & Main Sts„ Richmond, Va 

Agricultural Implements, 
Machinery, Vehicles and 
Harness. ** %* «£ <£ 





PEERLESS ENGINE. 



THE BUFFALO PITTS ALL-STEEL, SPRING- 
FLEXIBLE, DISC HARROW. 




GEISER SEPARATOR. 




A full stock always on band, and prompt 
shipments guaranteed. South Bend, Dixie 
and Farmer's Friend Plows and repairs. The 
Hancock Rotary Disc Plow, warranted to go 
In the ground where all others fall. 

A large and complete stock of open and 
top buggies, surreys and spring wagons. 
Fish, Weber and Columbus two-horse Farm 
Wagons. Champion and Hickory one-horse 
Wagons. John Deere and Continental Disc 
Cultivator. Roderick Lean Land Rollers. 

Hocking Valley Feed Cutters, Cyclone 
Shredders, Smalley Feed Cutters, Dain Corn 
Cutters. Equal to any made. Staver Buck- 
eye Feed Mill and Horse Power Combined. 

Whitman Ail-Steel, full circle Hay Presses. 
George Ertel Company's full circle Hay 
Presses. Rapid Fire Horse Power Hay Press, 
for one horse, a good, cheap press. Will put 
up from 150 to 200 bales a day. The well 
known Minnich Hand Baling Presses. 

Hocking Valley Wine and Cider Mills. 
Hard wood rollers. The best mill made. 

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers. for hand or 
power. Smalley Electric Pole and Wood 
Saws, for steam or htfrse power. Peerless 
Engines and Saw Mills always In stock. 
Several good second-hand Engines and other 
second-hand machinery for sale. "Pittsburgh 
Perfect" fencing, electrically welded. Barb 
Wire, Plain Galvanized Wire, Baling Wire, 
and Bale Ties. Continental Disc Harrows, 
Buffalo Pitts and Lean Spike Harrows. 

A full line of Planet Jr., Garden Tools. 

We will be glad to mail you a copy 
of our new catalogue. 




EXTENSION TOP SURREY. 




FISH and WEBER WAGONS. 




FIREFLY GARDEN PLOW. 



THE WATT PLOW CO. 



HOUTH kKSh I'LOW. 



15th and Franklin and 14th and Main Streets, 



RICHMOND, VA. 



444 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[June, 



THERE'LL BE NO IRISH THERE. 
A woman sat in a street-car in a 
Canadian town one day when tne car 
stopped at a crossing and another 
woman got in and sat beside the first 
woman, saying, "Well, well, Mrs. Fiew- 
close, wherever have you been all sum- 
mer?" 

"Oh, we were at the Lake." 
"So were we — at Grand Bend." 
"We were at Port Stanley," said the 
woman who had opened the oratorical 
contest. 

"Have a nice time?" 
"Well, not exactly. There's so many 
Irish there," she added with a weary 
look, but without so much as a glance 
about the car. 

"Same way at the Bend — Irish, Irish 
everywhere." 

A stout lady under a green hat that 
turned up behind sat in the seat im- 
mediately in front of the elocutionists. 
The stout lady turned and sized them 
up, but by this time they were dead to 
the world. 

As the car rattled on they talked of 
everything and most everybody, and 
finally fetched up at the summer re- 
sorts with Irish for dessert. 

By this time there was Irish stew in 
the front seat. 

The stout person under the pea-green 
hat turned and shone on them. "La- 
dies," she began, "l'ave me give yez a 
bit uv advice — the nixt time ye get a 
holiday, yez better spend it in hell — 
there'll be no Irish there." — Cy War 
man, in May Lippincott's. 



EQUAL OF CAUSTIC BALSAM CAN- 
NOT BE FOUND. 
Portsmouth, Va., Jan. 23, 1904. 
The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 
Ohio: 

I use your GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC 
BALSAM for blistering and its equal 
cannot be found. I never use any 
other. P. C. CODD, V. S. 



A FEW FUGITIVE QUERIES. 

Is a plain face an open countenance? 
(Not so bad.) 

Are all blondes light-headed? 
(Clever! ) 

Can a big bluff be termed a Hill? 
(Tut! tut!) 

If you strike a bell buoy can you 
ring the bell for a boy? (Gee, but 
that's fierce! ) 

Wliat's the use of living in sky 
attics when you only get sciatica? 
(That's worse.) 

If you ask a man to have a drink 
and he replies, "I'd like to, and you 
say, "Me, too," do two and two make 
four? (Sure, Mike! ) 



Lawyer — What was the thing that 
led to your financial downfall? You 
seemed to be doing a good business. 

Bankrupt — I was, but one day I 
started out to see if I could borrow 
some money. I found it so easy that 
I kept on borrowing. 




SPLIT HICKORY SPECIAL topbuccy 



is Made to 
Order, as You 

Want it, 
FOR ONLY 




This is a strictly high quality buggy at a very low price. There is 
nothing cheap about the buggy, $75 is the very least its equal 
would be sold^ for by any dealer, and you will see that it is well 
worth that price when yours arrives. We propose this year to 
Make to Tour Order one of our Split Hickory Special Top Buggies, 
send it to you promptly, accompanied by our Iron Clod Two. Year 

2fiS£&% Try It Thirty Days Free 

The price to you is but $50, the cheapest price at which 

a buggy of this quality was ever sold. It leads them all 

in finish, style, quality and durability. If you do not 

agree with us that it is the biggest buggy bargain you 

ever saw and well worth $75, you are not obliged to 

keep it. Our free trial plan protects you. We do not 

ask yon to take our word for anything, but you get the 

buggy on trial, hitch up to it, use it as you would your . 

own, and decide for yourself. We carry on hand a large 

quantity of these buggies in rubbing varnish ready fc 

finish, which permits our making any reasonable changes 

in the finish or construction and shipping without unnecessary delay. 

Here are a few of the 100 POINTS OF MEK1T. Longitudinal Center Spring, which prevents backward and 
forward motion, strengthens the gear and braces the body. Screwed rim wheels, hot set, }£ inch round edge 
steel tires, oil tempered springs, long distance axles, cemented axle beds, two extra clips on axles more than 
are furnished on other buggies , choice of wooden spring bar or Bailey body loop, 16oz. imported all wool broad- 
Cloth upholstering, open bottom spring cushion, solid panel sprint back, water-proof top with genuine No. 1 
enameled leather quarters and backstays, 28 oz. rubber roof and back curtain, back curtain lined and rein- 
forced, oil and lead system of painting, 16 coats all wood work carried 100 days in pure oil and lead, padded 
patent leather dash 13 inches high (2 inches higher than ordinary) full length velvet carpet, toe carpet, panel 
carpets, board boot on back of body, lined seat ends, rubber side curtains, quick shiftinc shaft couplings, double 
«gj braced shafts with heel and corner braces, 36 inch point leathers, round leathers on single tree, line holder on 

dash, patent trace holder on single tree. 
There are many other special points of merit too numerous to mention here. Our 186-Pfttfe Cata- 
logue which is FREE tells you all about this buggy and all of our other Split Hickory Styles. Re- 
member you can not get Split Hickory Vehicles from anyone else as we do not sell to dealers or agents, 
but our entire output is sold direct to consumer at wholesale rock bottom prices. The readers of this 
paper are customers of ours and they know and the Editor knows that we are in everyway perfectly 
responsible and will do just as we say we will. Write for our Catalog today. It will save you money. 
Note — We manufacture a full line of high grade Harness, sold direct to the user, at wholesale prices. 

The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., (H. C. Phelps, President,K710 Sixth St.. Cincinnati, Ohio. 



u 




A Washing Machine is as great a necessity in the house as a wringer 

The Majestic Rotary Washer 

has too many good points for explanation in an 
advertisement. Yourname on a postal card will 
bring our booklet, with full particulars of our 
six different machines and how to get them. One 
of them will certainly please you. All are made 
with electrically welded wire hoops sunk in 
grooves — our patent. Being the largest manufac- 
turers of woodenware in the world, we can make 
better machines for the money than any one else. 
If you want a machine that washes, buy one of 
ours. 

THE RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS, Richmond, Va. 



•.THE SOUTH SIDE CARRIERS.-. 

For Strawberries, Peaches, Beans, Lettuce, Cukes, Grapes, Apples, etc., send 



for Catalogue and prices. 



SOUTH SIDE M'F'G CO., 

Petersburg, Va. 



A neat Binder for your back num- bers can be had for 25 cents. Address 
our Business Office. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



445 



Farm Implements and Machinery, 




THE MOWEB. 




THE MILWAUKEE LINE OF HAR- 
VESTING MACHINERY, MOWERS, 
BINDERS, CORN HARVESTERS and 
RAKES have features not found in 
others, and are the kind that NEVER 
DISAPPOINT. Light of Draft, Easy 
to Handle, Perfect in Operation. Some 
machines are made to sell repairs. 
"MILWAUKEE" is not in that class. 
Points of superiority fully set forth in 
illustrated catalogue. WRITE FOR 
IT. 



VIBEATOE SEPAEATOE. 




DISC CULTIVATOE. 




IMPEBIAL ONE HORSE WAGON. 




"BOY" HAY PEESS. 



3=5= THE BEST THRESHING OUT- 



FIT for a thresherman to buy is 
the Ajax Threshing Engine and 
Farquhar Separator Engines from 
4 h. p. up. Easy steamers develop 
more than rated horse power. 
Have driver's seat, foot brake and 
two injectors. Separators of all 
sizes with latest improvements, 
thresh and clean all kinds of grain 
perfectly. 



DISC CULTIVATOR and HAR- 
ROW combined. Made of steel and 
malleable iron. Light Draft, Great 
Strength, High Steel Arch, Steel Axle, 
Steel Wheels, adjustable in width. 
Discs adjustable in depth and at any 
angle. 

WALKING AND RIDING CULTI- 
VATORS with four, six or eight shov- 
els and spring teeth. 

THE MOLINE AND IMPERIAL 
WAGONS, Built of air dried timber^ 
and all material the best that can be 
procured. Finished with three coats 
of paint put on with brush (not dip- 
ped in it). Durable, neat and attrac- 
tive style. BALING PRESSES for 
Horse, Steam and Hand Power. 

PLOWS AND PLOW CAST- 
INGS of all kinds. OUR 
ROAD PLOWS are espe- 
cially recommended for 
Country Road Building. 



I ' 




1 



1 ,2 L J*M 



THE BINDEE. 




POETABLE ENGINE. 




WALKING CULTIVATOE. 




THE NEW MOLINE. 




FULL CIRCLE IIOESE POWEE PEESSES. 



IRON AGE PATTERN CULTIVATORS, DISC HARROWS, LEVER HARROWS, GRAIN DRILLS, EFED CUTTERS, 
FIELD ROLLERS, MANNURE SPREADERS, PEA HULLERS CANE MILLS, SAW MILLS, GRINDING MILLS, etc. 
Write for prices. 



13 So. Fifteenth Street, 
Between Main and Cary. 

Established by 
GEO. WATT, 1840. 



THE CALL-WATT CO., 



MANFRED CALL, Gen'l Manager. 



RICHMOND, VA. 



446 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[June,. 



USES OF COAL-OIL. 

A few drops on your dusting-cloth 
will brighten your furniture, as well as 
prevent dust from flying from the 
cloth. 

One tablespoonful added to each 
boilerful of water will lessen labor, as 
well as whiten your clothes when wash- 
ing. 

A few drops added to your boiled 
starch will make ironing easier. 

A few drops on a hinge or roller 
which has formed a bad habit of 
squeaking will insure a speedy cure. 

A few drops added to the water with 
which windows are to be washed will 
save time and labor. 

Dip the fingers in the oil, and rub 
the throat, to give relief from sore 
throat. 

Saturate a cloth in the oil, and rub 
the rollers, to clean a clothes-wringer 
quickly. 

Saturate a cloth with the oil to clean 
the sink, bath-tub or basin which has 
become greasy and discolored from 
use. — May Woman's Home Companion. 



SAVED HIS FRIEND. 

This little story is told of two Scotch 
laddies, who. while fishing in strictly 
preserved water, for which only one 
was provided with a permit, were sud- 
denly confronted by the bailiff. One 
of them quickly collected his tackle 
and ran his might across the field, the 
bailiff in quick pursuit. After cover- 
ing a large tract of country, the angler 
sat down completely exhausted, and 
awaited the panting and enraged pur- 
suer. 

"Do you know that you should not 
fish in that water without permis- 
sion?" asked the irate man. 

"Yes," said the lad, "but I have per 
mission. I've got an order." 

"What made you run then, you 
young scoundrel?" 

"Oh, just to let the other lad away 
— he hadn't got one." 



THE LAW OF WORK. 
That there is much discontent with 
work among the so-called middle 
classes in America is due in large part 
to the pampering of children, to the 
supplying of their natural and artifi- 
cial wants, and to the sentimental idea 
that "their day of toil will come soon 
enough." In general, work is not a 
curse, but a blessing— a positive means 
of grace. One can hardly begin too 
early to impress upon children lessons 
of self-help by tasks appropriate to 
their age and forces, and to beget in 
them scorn of idleness and of depend- 
ence on others. To do this is to make 
them happy through the self-respect 
that comes with the realization of 
power, and thus to approximate Ten- 
nyson's goal of man: "Self-reverence, 
self-knowledge, self-control." — Century. 



Liquid fertilizers from stable ma- 
nure is the stuff to set young plants 
with. Read Masters Planter Co.'s ad. 




Masters Rapid Plant Setter 



The only hand mechanical plant setter on the market. Avoids 
stooping and the drudgery of setting out Cabbage, Tobacco, 
Tomatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Sugar Beets, etc. 

Sets Plants ii\ Waiter 

or liquid fertilizer at just right depth and so they stand erect. At its 
best when weather is dryest and hand setting means failure to grow. As- 
sures better stand of quicker starting, better growing plants. With a little 
practice one man will set 8,000 plants a day. 

Ask your dealer for Masters Rapid Plant Setter. If he does not handle it 
send us his name and we will see that you are supplied. Write for par- 
ticulars. Circulars free. 



Masters Planter Co., 171 South Water Street, Chicago, 111. 







Howare Your Eyes? 



We are the largest optical establishment South, and give proper adjustment 
of SPECTACLES and EYE GLASSES. Complete manufacturing plant on the 
premises. Mail us the pieces and we will, from them, duplicate your Glasses. 
Glasses by mail our specialty. 

is also complete with CAMERAS, KO- 
DAKS and PHOTO SUPPLIES, devel- 
oping and printing finely executed. 

Our line of OPERA QALSSES, FIELD GLASSES, Incubator and Dairy 
THERMOMETERS, etc. , etc. , is also complete. Lowest charges in all cases. 




(MICH 60., 1 « Mi SIS., 



' ^yyyyAW-yyyyyyyy^ vuu^^^aauu^uau 



j* THE jt 

SEABOARD 

AIR LINE RAILWAY 

OFFERS THE MANUFACTURER, 

THE STOCK RAISER, 
THE DAIRYMAN, 
THE FRUIT GROWER, 
THE TRUCKER. 



PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENTS 

TO~h 



»>» 



WHERE YOUR LABOR IS NOT IN VAIN. 

Would a country where work can be carried on the entire year and where 
large profit* can be realized Interest you? 

The SEABOARD Air Line Railway traverses six Southern States and • 
region of this character. One two cent stamp will bring handsome Illustrated 
literature descriptive of the section. 



J. B. WHITE, EDW. W. COST, 

Gen. Industrial Agt., Portsmouth, Va. Traffic Mgr. 



CHARLES B. RYAN, 
Gen. Pass. Agt., Portsmouth, Vt 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



447 



KHKKKHKKXK5 OiXH>«HXHXHW<H>0<^^ 



THISTLE 




LAIDLAW'S 

Concentrated Tobacco Powder, 
Sheep Dip- and Cattle Wash. 



§ A SURE CURE FOR THE EXTERMINATION OF 

g Scab and Tick in Sheep. Lice on Horses and Catt!e. 






Lice on Hogs. 



Mange on Dogs. 



Kills all vermin. Allays all irritation. Promotes growth of wool. Makes animal feel well and take on flesh. 

ABSOLUTELY NON-POISONOUS. 

PRICES: 5=Ib.bag, 75c; 10-Ib. bag, $1.25; 25-lb. bag, $2.60; 50=Ib. bag, $5.00. 

One 50-lb. bag makes 500 gallons Dip for Scab, and 1000 gallons for Tick, etc. 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS, 

LAIDLAW, MACKILL & CO., Limited, Richmond, Va., U. S. A. 

To be Had at all Leading Drug Stores. 



A few articles quoted below will convince yon that for cash you can live cheaply by dealing with ns. 
We have a complete line of groceries, feed and liquors. Should you need anything not quoted here, 
write for prices. These prices are subject to changes in the market. We charge 10c. per gallon extra 
for jugs. Our goods guaranteed to be first-class. Goods delivered free of drayage to any depot. All 
prices f. o. b. here. 



Granulated Sugar, per lb 41c. 

Arbuckle's Coffee, per lb lie. 

Best Meal, per peck, 20c; or, per bushel 75c. 

Pride of Richmond Flour, per sack, 35c; or. per bbl. .$5.40 

Daisy Flour, per sack, 33c; per bbl 5.25 

Good Green Coffee, per lb 9c. 

Best Salt Pork, per lb 10c 

Good Salt Pork, per lb 7c & 9c. 

Best Butcher's Lard, per lb 10c 

Good Lard, 3 lbs. for 25c 

Green. Black and Mixed Tea, per lb 35c, 40c. & 50c. 

Best Cheese, per lb 12Jc. 

Best Cut Herrings, 3 dozen for 25c 

Best Roe Herrings, per dozen 18c 

Heavy Bright Syrup, per gallon 35c 

Best Genuine N. O. Molasses, per gallon 60c 

Good Dark Molasses, per gallon 25c. & 35c 

Soaps, 8, 7, 6, 10 and 11 bars for 25c 

Large Cans Tomatoes, per can 7c 

Large Cans Table Peaches, per can 12c. 

3 Plugs Grape, Peach, Apple, Plum, Reynolds' Sun 

Cured Tobacco for 25c 

Best Lemons, per dozen 12c 

Good Corn, per bushel 68c 



Good Oats, per bushel 50c 

Best Timothy Hay, per ton $19.00 

No. 1 Mixed Hay, per ton 18.00 

No. 1 Clover, per ton 16.00 

Bran, per ton 25.00 

Ship Stuff, per ton 26.00 

Old Crown Rye, 5 years old, per gallon 3.00 

Old Keystone Rye, 4 years old, per gallon 2.50 

Old Excelsior Rye, 3 years old, per gallon 2.00 

Old Capitol Rye, 2 years old, per gallon 1.50 

Pure N. C. Corn Whiskey, .2 years old, per gallon 2.00 

Pure N. C. Corn Whiskey, 5 years old, per gallon. . . . 2.50 

Duffy's Malt Whiskey, per bottle 80c 

O'Grady's Malt Whiskey, per bottle 75c 

Apple Brandy, 3 years old, per gallon 2.50 

Virginia Apple Brandy, 5 years old, per gallon 3.00 

Geneva Gin, 3 years old, per gallon 2.00 

London Dock Gin, 5 years old, per gallon 2.50 

Wilson Whiskey, per bottle 1.00 

Buchu Gin, for kidneys, per bottle 1.00 

Catawba Wine, per gallon 50c 

Blackberry Wine, per gallon 50c 

California Sherry Wine, per gallon 1.00 

(Sacks for corn and oats, 5c extra.) 



Remittance must accompany all orders. Send P. O. or Exp. Order, Reg. Letter, for what you want 

J. S. MOORE'S SONS, Inc., 



No. 1724 East Main Street, 
RICHMOND, VA. 
'Phone 507. 



448 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[June, 



HOW TO MAKE PIN-MONEY. 

A profitable and interesting way to 
earn pin-money is by making raffia 
shopping-bags. They are made the same 
as the shoe-string bags, the knot being 
the same, and a fringe left at the bot- 
tom for a finish. These bags hold a 
surprising amount. Fifteen cents' 
worth of raffia will make a bag that 
will retail for one dollar, or one dol- 
lar and fifty cents if it is lined with 
bright silk. 

Another way to earn spending- 
money is by making fish-net out of 
carpet-warp. Two spools, costing 
twenty-five cents, will make a net that 
one could retail for two dollars and 
fifty cents. In a college town the nets 
are always in demand for the students' 
rooms, being used for draperies or to 
hold pictures. A child as well as a 
grown person can make a net, as it is 
quickly and simply done. — May "Wo- 
man's Home Companion. 



A LITTLE GIRL'S LOVES. 

Bessie (aged five) "was accustomed 
to come to her mother's room before 
the family was up. One Sunday morn- 
ing, while making the customary visit, 
the odors of breakfast in preparation 
managed to reach the sleeping-quar- 
ters. Bessie, with her arms round her 
mother's neck, gave one or two vigor- 
ous sniffs, then with an air of antici- 
pation announced, "Mamma, there's 
two fings I dess love mos' of enyfing in 
der world.'' 

"What are they, Bessie?" asked her 
mamma. 

"God and baked beans," Bessie re- 
plied, smacking her lips. — Lippincott's 
Magazine for May. 



The bookkeeper of an hotel at a well- 
known golfing resort in Scotland is 
still pondering over the subtle sar- 
casm of an English golfer who was a 
week-end visitor to the golf-links. This 
gentleman unwisely failed to make a 
"contract" on arriving, with the result 
that he was presented with an out- 
rageous bill on his departure. Paying 
it without a murmur, he asked, "Have 
you any penny stamps?" "Oh, yes," 
said the bookkeeper. "How many do 
you want, sir?" Very sweetly the vis- 
itor answered, "Well, how much are 
they each?" 



WANTED— A PIN. 

It was Mabel's first app^ranoe at 
church and she was rather fidgety. 
First she wanted one thing, then an- 
other. Finally she decided that she 
must have a pin, so she asked for one 
from her father. He had none. Then 
she tried her mother; but her mother 
too had none. Mabel's longing had 
been increased with her ill success, so 
she climbed upon the pew and shouted 
at the top of her small voice, — 

"Has anyone in dis trowd dot a pin?" 
— May Lippincott's. 



ir medicinal tssss 



Mention the Southern Planter ia 
writing. 



Your physician will tell you that you should always have some good whiskey in the 
house. For accidents, fainting spells, exhaustion, and other emergency cases, it relieves 
and revives. But you must have good whiskey, pure whiskey, for poor whiskey, adulterated 
whiskey, may do decided harm. HAYNER WHISKEY is just what you need for it goes 
direct from our own distillery to you, with all its original strength, richness and flavor, 
carrying a UNITED STATES REGISTERED DISTILLER'S GUARANTEE of PUR- 
ITY and AGE and saving the dealers' enormous profits. We have over a quarter of a 
million satisfied customers, exclusively family trade, who know it is best for medicinal 
purposes and prefer it for other uses. That's why YOU should try it. Your money back if 
you ar" not satisfied. 

f ram que* distillery to YOU 

Saves Dealers' Profits I Prevents IduEteratieo 



k£%' 




fM WH 




PURE SEVEN -YEAR -OLD 

FULL $£.20 EXPRESS 
QUARTS <£} PRE PASO 

We will send you FOUR FULL QUART BOTTLES of HAYNER'S SEVEN- 
YEAR-OLD RYE for $3.20, and we will pay the express charges. Try it and 
if you don't find it all right and as good as you ever used or can buy from 
anybody else at any price, send it back at our expense and your $3.20 will be 
returned to you by next mail. Just think that offer over. How could it be 
fairer? If you are not perfectly satisfied you are not out a cent. Better let us 
send you a trial order. If you don't want four quarts yourself, get a friend to 
join you. Shipment made in a plain sealed case with no marks to show what's 
inside. 

Orders for Ariz., Cal., Col., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N. Mex., Ore., Utah, Wash, 
or Wyo. must be on the basis of 4 Quarts for S4.00 by Express 
Prepaid or SSO Quarts for 81C.OO by Freight Prepaid. 

Write our nearest office and do it NOW. 

THE HAYNER DISTILLING COMPANY 



ATLANTAi GA. 
151 



DAYTON, OHIO 
Distillery, Teot, O. 



ST. LOUIS, MO, 



ST. PAUL, MINN. 



Established 1866. 




The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

Extending from Cincinnati and Louisville, and 
THROUGi ITS CONNECTIONS.... 

THE BIG FOUR SYSTEM, from Chicago, St. Louis, Peoria, Indianapolis, 

Sandusky and Cleveland ; 
THE OHIO CENTRAL LINES, from Toledo and Columbus; 
THE CINCINNATI, HAMILTON & DAYTON, from Detroit, Toledo, Lima 
and Dayton— 

FORMS THE MOST DIRECT A "iirKS ve ROUTE. 

To STAUNTON, LYNCHBURG, CHARLOTTESVILLE, 
RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, NORFOLK, 
And Principal Virginia Points. 

H. W. FULLER, Gen. Pass. Agt. C. & 0. Ry„ Washington, D. C. 



1904.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



449 



RICHMOND ENGINE & PUMP CO., 

1422 MAIN STREET. 

MORE OF OUR ENGINE outfits in use to-day, than the combined output of any three 
of the largest concerns in existence : 

If you wish proof, write us for any number of names of those whom we have supplied 
in nearly every county in Virginia and North Carolina. 



Draws Water, 

Saws Wood, 

Shells Corn, 

Cuts Feed, 

Turns Grindstone. 

What other one 
thing can possibly 
take the place of 
labor to such great 
extent ? 




...WIND WILLS... 
Towers and Tanks 



A SPECIALTY 



With well equipped and experienced 
force of men to erect same. 

Not a day in the year we are not 
erecting work of this sort in Virginia 
or Carolinas. 

Pumps of every description. 



WRITE FOR CATALOGUE, ETC. 



RICHMOND ENGINE & PUMP CO., 



Richmond, Va. 



CHORISTER 

FALSETTO-ADDIE C. 

"One of the handsomest thoroughbreds in America and 
a sure success as a getter of race horses." — Major Dainger- 
field. 

Standing 16X and weighs 1,300 lbs. He held the world's 
record for a mile as a 3 year old and is the sire of "Corrus- 
cate" who holds the mile record for Canada 1.38>£. All his 
get win and are racing up to 8, 9 and 11 years of age, and 
won $30,000 in 1902. 

Fee $50.00 cash, approved half bred mares $20.00 

All possible care taken to prevent accidents or escapes 
but no responsibility assumed for any that may occur. 

For further particulars apply to D. K. KERR, Manager 
Antrim Stock Farm, Warren ton, Va. 

KELLY, 22283, Record, 2:27. 
Sire of McChesney, 2:16^, Etc. 

Bay horse, by Electioneer 125, first dam Esther, dam of 
Expressive 3, 2:121; Express, 2:21, etc.; by Express, etc. 

Kelly represents the highest type of a trotter, having 
fine size and the form and finish of a thoroughbred. 

For terms of service address 

W. J. CARTER, Richmond, Va. 

Kelly will serve at my private stables, 1102 Hull St., 
Manchester, Va 

COD QAI P Standard and registered trotting mare, 
I v"\ 0/\LfL< ricli bay, elegantly bred, young and 
']. Fit for the road, track or stud. Price, $250 and 
worth the monev. 

W. J. CARTER, Richmond, Va. 



W. J. CARTER, V 'BROAD ROCK.-] 

TURF JOURNALIST. 

916 E. Main Street, - - Richmond, Va. 

Pedigrees of thoroughbred and trotting horses traced and 
registered stallion circulars prepared. 

Representing the Times-Dispatch and Southern Planter, 
Richmond, Va.; Sports of the Times, Kentucky Stock Farm, 
California Breeder and Sportsman, 

Imported French Coach Stallion 

JAVANAIS 

By AGNADEL. Dam RAP1DE. 
PROPERTY OF 

Mr. B. H. Grundy, Richmond, Va. 

Rich Seal Brown Horse. 

16^ hands high ; weight 1300 lbs. 
Will serve mares during 1904 at A. Pollard's Dunraven Farm, 
three miles east of Richmond, on New Market Road. 
Fee, $15 to insure. 



A. POLLARD, 

Rural Route No. 5, 

Richmond, Va. 



-addkess 

or B. H. GRUNDY, 

Chamber of Commerce Bldg., 
Richmond, Va. 



LEPANTO, 0577. 

Sire of Wilkie O'Neill, 2.24X ; King O'Neill, 2 31 at two 
years, etc. Bay horse 1«X hands high ; weight 1200 lbs. 

By PETOSKY, 3633 son of George Wilke. ' Fee $12.50 
to insure. Address 

BANNISTER & RHODES, Roanoke, Va. 



450 



L'HE SOUTHEEN" PLain'TEK. 



[June, 




The following list of papers and periodicals 
are the most popular ones In this section. 
We can SAVE YOU MONEY on whatever 
Journal you wish: 



DAILIES. 

Price With 
Alone. Planter. 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va $6 00 $5 00 

The Post, Washington, D. C 100 600 

The Sun, Baltimore, Md 3 00 3 40 

News-Leader, Richmond, Va 3 00 3 00 

THI-WEEKLY. 
The World (thrice-a-week), N. Y... 100 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

Harper's Bazaar 100 140 

Montgomery Advertiser 100 1 0( 

Nashville American 50 76 

Breeder's Gazette 2 00 17 

Heard's Dairyman 100 135 

Country Gentleman .150 175 

Religious Herald, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 2: 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va 1 00 1 2b 

Central Presbyterian, " " 2 00 2 2 

Horseman 3 00 3 00 

MONTHLIES. 

Wool Markets and Sheep 50 75 

Dairy and Creamery 60 75 

Commercial Poultry 50 76 

All three 1 50 1 15 

North American Review 5 00 5 00 

The Century Magazine 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas Magazine 3 00 3 25 

Llpplncott's Magazine 2 50 2 50 

Harper'B Magazine 4 00 4 00 

Forum Magazine 3 00 3 25 

8crlbner's Magazine 3 00 3 25 

Frank Leslie's Magazine 100 135 

Cosmopolitan Magazine 100 135 

Everybody's Magazine 100 135 

Munsey Magazine 100 136 

Strand Magazine 125 166 

McClure's Magazine 100 136 

Argosy Magazine 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews 2 50 2 75 

Poultry Success 1 00 76 

Rural Mechanics 1 00 55 

Blooded Stock 50 60 

Successful Farming 100 76 

Southern Fruit Grower 60 85 

Where you desire to subscribe to two or 
more of the publications named, you can ar- 
rive at the net subscription price by deduct- 
ing 50 cents from "our price with the 
PLANTER." If you desire to subscribe to 
any other publications not listed here, write 
us and we will cheerfully quote clubbing or 
net subscription rates. 

Subscribers whose time does not expire 
until later can take advantage of our club 
rates, and have their subscription advanced 
one year from date of expiration of their 
subscription to either the PLANTER or any 
of the other publications mentioned. 

Don't hesitate to write us for any Informa- 
tion desired; we will cheerfully answer any 
correspondence. 

We furnish KO SAMPLE COPIES of other 
periodicals. 




RED 

CLOVER, 

HAMMOTH 

CLOVER, 

CRinSON 

CLOVER, 

WHITE 

CLOVER, 

LUCERNE 

CLOVER, 

ALSYKE 

CLOVER, 

BOKHARA 

CLOVER, 



JAPAN 



BUR 



CLOVER, 
CLOVER, 





TinOTHY, 

ORCHARD 

GRASS, 

RED TOP or 

HERDS GRASS, 

KENTUCKY 

BLUE GRASS. 

RANDALL 

GRASS, 

TALL MEADOW 

OAT GRASS, 

JOHNSON 

GRASS, 

GERHAN 

MILLET, 

BUCKWHEAT, 

OATS and 

CANE SEED. 



** 



Whatsoever One Soweth, That Shall He Reap." 



We sell strictly reliable FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of every 
variety at Lowest Market rates, included in which are 

RAGLAND'S PEDIGREE TOBACCO SEEDS. 

.*> *> & WE ALSO SELL 

Our Own Brands of Fertilizers 

For Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, Potatoes, &c. 

Pure Raw-Bone Meal, Nova Scotia and Virginia Plaster and 
Fertilizing Materials generally. 

Parties wishing to purchase will find it to their interest to price our goods. 
Samples sent by mail when desired. 



Wm. A. Miller & Son, ■* 



1016 Main Street, 
LYNCHBURG, VA 



Headquarters for 
Nursery Stock. 



WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL. 



We make a specialty of handling dealers' orders. 
ALL STOCK TRUE TOI NAME. 



Apples, Nectarines, Pecans, 

Pears, Cherry, Chestnuts, 

Peach, Quinces, Walnuts, 

Plum, Almonds, Small Fruits, 

Apricots, 
CALIFORNIA PRIVET, lor Hedging. 

. . AGENTS WANTED. 
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO., 



Ornamental and 
Shade Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Roses, Etc. 

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. 

Baltimore, Md. 



WHY USE DANGEROUS BARB WIRE 



WHEN AN 

Attractive Wovenl Wire Fence 

CAN. BE BOUGHT AT EVEN LESS COST? 
The American Field Fencing is^made in 

many heights and styles for] turning the 
smallest to the largest animal. ^Write for 
special catalogue and prices. 



„ 
























55 INCH. 
































47* 


W. 




#: 




l "° 






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»- 39 


fit. 




S 

9 




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v.™ 


fa. 




























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pt. 




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20 


in. 


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We haye a large stock of BARB WIRE, POULTRY NETTING, and Vtf CRIMP 
ROOFING, and can. fill orders promptly. 




Buggies, Carriages, Har- 
ness, Robes, Steel Skein 
Farm Wagons, Corn Shel- 
ters, Feed Cutters, Grain 
Drills, "Wood Saws. All 
kinds of Agricultural Im- 
plements and Machines. 
Catalogue on application. 

J* J* * 



? WOOD'S PATENT SWING CHURN. 



Not a Step, But a Leap In Advance of Atl Other Chums 




Simplest, 

Easiest. 

Quickest, 

Cleanest, 

Lightest 

Cheapest. 



THE TIGER DISC CULTIVATOR is 
easily adjustable for all conditions. 
The gangs can be set close together or 
farther apart. Has foot levers for 
changing direction of gangs by slight- 
est pressure. Can be regulated for dif- 
ferent depths, and to throw to or from 
the row. 

Wheels and Axles adjustable to fit 
different width rows. Ball bearings, 
Staggered spoke wheels. 

The only implement needed for cul- 
tivating any crop in rows. 




Jfi > & 

Don't wait for 
showers, but water 
and plant your to- 
bacco, potatoes, cab- 
bage, etc., with a 
MASTER'S PLANT 
SETTER, and 999 
out of every 1,000 
will grow more 
rapid than by hand. 

Easy to operate. 

Price, $3.75 de- 
livered at your ex- 
press office. 

^?* 1^* 1^* 



Made also of best White Pine obtainable. 



THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 and 1304 E. Main St, Richmond, Va. 



J ± Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. 

ORGANIZED 1857. ASSETS, $178,000,000. PURELY MUTUAL. 

pHS COMPANY has paid nearly one and a half millions'in Virginia, in death claims 
alone, without contest or compromise of a single policy. It has policy holders in 
nearly every county whose names will be furnished as references, together with full in- 
formation as to rates and plans, to any one contemplating life insurance, or desiring to 
represent 

-«m »~THE BEST COMPANY FOR THE POLICYHOLDER. ~< — 



T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent for Virginia and North Carolina, 



—.1201 East Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. 



STRONG. HEALTHY AND SLEEK HORSES 

Are the inevitable result of giving OWENS & MINOB'S DIXIE CON- 
DITION POWDERS. If you wiuh fet and smooth Cattle and healthy 
Milch Cowb, give 



DIXIE CONDITION POWDERS 



For RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, STRAINS and all PAINS use 

DZJEXK NERVE JLZTD BONE ^IWZSttEITT-Beet on earth for Man or 
Beast Large Bottle 25 eta. ; everywhere. 

— ■ —OWENS * MINOR DRUQ CO., Richmond, Va. 



> ^*AAAA A* AAA*^^^j^^VMVWWMV> »»A ' 



WHY PAY MORE For a Mower? 

THE TER A WOOD Mowers, Binders, Hay Rakes, and Tedders NOT.MADE 

BY A T .JST. The highest type of machines made, and to be had at less price than 
the ordi. ry machines. 




Why? 



Because 



They pay no TRIBUTE to any- 
body. The manufacturers give to 
the farmer in price what other com- 
panies pay to Travelling Salesmen, 
Railroad 1 and Hotels. Their only 
trust is in the merits of the mach- 
ines, known as far as civilization 
reaches. 



Be frank, now. If you buy 
any machine this year, should 
r you not buy a "Wood" ma- 
chine ? 

Send for special catalogue 
and special prices. 

WALTER A. WOOD. MOWING and REAPING MACHINE CO., Richmond, Va. 



The STATE BANK OF VIRGINIA 



JOHN S. ELLETT, President. WM. M. HILL, Cashier. 

CAPITAL, $500,000. SURPLUS. $240,000- 
RICHMONDr - VIRGINIA 



NON-CIRCULATING 






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