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and sun had been allowed to permeate, and the particles of soil had been exposed to this revivifying influence, and beyond all this every weed seed had been brought near to the surface, and had then germinated and been killed. No wonder such preparation resulted in fine crops. We have worked for weeks and weeks preparing such a seed bed, and then without the use of any fertilizer or manure directly applied to the crop, have made thirty-five and forty bushels to the acre. Sir John Lawes made a field produce an average yield of thirteen bushels of wheat to the acre every year for sixty years with no application of any fertilizer or manure whatever, or the plowing down of any crop other than the stubble of the wheat and the few weeds that grew inthe wheat by means only of perfect preparation of the land each year. Here, as a rule, we expect land to make a good wheat crop with only one plowing, and very little harrowing, and that of the shallowest kind, and the application of 200 or 300 pounds of a cheap fertilizer. No wonder we make a failure of the business, and only succeed in getting fourteen or fifteen bushels of wheat to the acre. There is no profit in growing less than twenty bushels to the acre, and very little even at that yield. We have got to do better in the future all over this country, or the time is near at hand when we shall have to ask other countries to feed us. Let us make a beginning this year, and strive to do better. Science has taught how to feed the wheat crop and every other crop, so that we may keep the land producing a crop every year, and thus dispense with the old summer fallowing system, but it has not yet taught us how we can dispense with perfect preparation of the land with the plow, the harrow, and the roller before we put into it the additional plant food to make it capable ofraising a crop each year, and yet not become depleted of fertility, and we doubt much whether it will ever do this. The great improvements made in agricultural implements have put into the hands of farmers implements by which the end reached in the old days by the crude implements then used can be reached much quicker and more satisfactorily, and doubtless this improvement in implements will be still further advanced, but after all is done we shall never reach the point where frequent and complete working and preparation of the seed bed can be dispensed with, if we are to secure the best results. Not a day should now be lost in getting to work fitting the land for the seeding of the crop, and this should be continued persistently until the best seed bed possible can be secured. The land should be deeply broken, then be worked fine, and be consolidated with the roller so that the roots of the crop can take hold in compact soil, and the top three or four inches should be as free and loose as a garden bed. If there be a heavy green fallow on the land like a pea crop, this should be cut into the land with a disc harrow, and not be plowed down. To plow it down makes the land too puffy for wheat to succeed upon it. To cut it into the surface three or four inches puts the fertilizing matter of the crop just where the new crop can use it at once, and leaves the compact subsoil which wheat requires. Wheat succeeding a corn crop can almost always be more successfully grown without replowing the land if a proper preparation for the corn crop was made by deep plowing and fine breaking before the crop was planted, and if the

crop has been properly cultivated during its growth. A disc harrow will fit such land for a wheat crop better than a plow. In our last issue we discussed the subject of the fertilizer to use in growing wheat, and to that issue , refer our readers. We will only add to what we then said, that we think it very important to apply lime to the land after plowing it, at the rate of at least one ton to the acre wherever possible, to get this at a reasonable price. We have always found advantage in using lime", and it is a recognized fact that the limestone lands always make the best wheat. As to the time for sowing. In the western sections of this State, from the first to the middle of October has given the best results. In Middle and Eastern Virginia from the fifteenth to the end of October is early enough, but much depends on the weather. In no section would we sow before a sharp frost has fallen, so as to be sure that damage from Hessian fly has been prevented. Read what we said as to trapping the Hessian flies in our last issue. As to the variety to sow. This is a difficult question to advise upon, but it may be said with confidence that Fultz and Fulcaster have, as a general thing, over a long series of years, given the best average yields in the South. No doubt there are other varieties which, when fully acclimated, will be found to give equally as good results, but, as a rule, the newer varieties need to be grown more generally as test crops before they can be advised for use for the full crop. Whatever variety is sown, see that the seed is well cleaned, and all light and small grains blown out before being sown. The best preventive of smut is to treat the seed with formalin before sowing. Mix one pint or pound of this thoroughly in forty gallons of water; this makes the solution to use, and is enough to treat fifty bushels of seed wheat. Place seed wheat to be treated on a clean swept, tight floor in piles of convenient size to be stirred throughout.

Sprinkle the formalin solution from a sprinkling can, or nozzle, upon the pile, while stirring to bottom of pile, until all possible is absorbed. After a few minutes' interval, repeat the operations of sprinkling and stirring; these are again repeated until at least three quarts of solution per bushel of grain has been absorbed. One gallon per bushel is not too much. The pile is then covered with cloth or canvas for about two hours; the covering is then removed, and the grain stirred at internals by shoveling over to dry it. It is then ready to sow at any time. Caution: In handling treated grain do not get it again smutted. The shovel, the drill the grain bags and any other portions of floor used should be sterilized by use of the formalin solution. The bags may be soaked in it for half an hour, and the others treated by sprinkling. Formalin can be bought at anv drug store, costing from fifty to eighty cents per pound. Treat the seed just before sowing, so that it may not have to lie in heaps or bags, and thus become heated. If it becomes heated the vitality of the germ will be destroyed.

The daily and weekly newspapers and some of the magazines have recently published some wonderful statements as to the yield of a new variety of wheat called Alaska, claiming that it had made a yield of over 200" bushels to the acre. We had this information before our last issue, but refused to publish it until we had

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made enquiry into the truth of the statements. As the result of this enquiry we find, as we expected, that the statements made are absolutely false, and that the whole business is a fraud intended to victimize the farmers. Several of the journals which published the original statement have recalled the same, and apologized for the blunder made, and now denounce it a fraud. The agent of the Department of Agriculture telegraphs from Idaho that the Alaska wheat is only yielding twenty-five bushels to the acre of badly mixed grain, of inferior quality. The disseminators and perpretrators of such fraudulent statements ought to be severely punished.

Have all stables, cattle barns, sheds and pens thoroughly cleaned out and put into good repair, and give them a good coat of limewash inside and also outside, if not painted. They will then be ready to receive the stock when the nights become too cold for them out of doors.

IMPROVEMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF EASTERN VIRGINIA LANDS.

(Address delivered before the Virginia State Farmers .1 Institute, Richmond.)

l&r. President, Ladies and Gentlemen:

",',The agriculturist is a banker and the soil his bank, its fertility his capital and the crops grown upon it his silver and gold certificates which may be redeemed in exchange for labor and fertilizers, seed or stock, to be returned to his capital, Home, made manures are his domestic and commercial fertilizers his foreign exchange. Leguminous crops furnish him ,a saving department which if .properly handled will pay handsome dividends. A rational system of banking consists in so utilizing its funds as to insure the largest dividends without diminishing the capital. Surplus and reserve funds increase public confidence and insure larger deposits and are often created. A rational system of agriculture consists in producing the largest crop without diminution of soil fertility. This can only be accomplished by restoring to the soil all of the valuable ingredients removed by crops. Reserve or surplus fertility is often desirable and is accomplished by heavy manuring. A further comparison and the simile increases. The banker studies the laws of commerce and the occasional convulsions which interfere with their natural operations and strives to conduct his affairs so that neither a national panic, a commercial stagnation nor a period of strikes can deprive him of a moderate income. The planter aims to study nature and finds out its laws and so to adapt his operations that moderate profits should always be obtained. He seeks a proper rotation of crops with suitable fertilizers, to economize the present fertility or to increase the future store of the same. By drainage, irrigation, fertilization, proper preparation and subsequent intelligent cultivation, he strives to overcome deficiencies of his sc J ils, changes of. weather, vicissitudes of climate and occasional atmospheric disturbances, so that he may always have remunerative return for his labor. The same principles underlie both professions and an intelligent knowledge and application of these principles are required for the successful prosecution of either industry. Every successful banker spends laborious days and sleep-

less nights in the study of the various factors which affect his business and it should be and need be the business of every successful farmer to diligently study every principle which underlies his chosen profession.

But what are these principles? Briefly they are (1) A knowledge of the composition and properties of the soil he cultivates. (2) The nature and requirements of the plants grown and (3) the intelligent selection and application of the best methods of producing the largest crops of the latter when grown on the former. An elaboration of these three principles constitute the "Moses and the prophets" of modern agriculture.

What are soils? Geologically they are rocks of varying degrees of fineness. Chemically they are aggregations of chemical compounds, required for plant growth which compounds are gradually decomposed and rendered soluble by natural and artificial agencies, the former continuous, the latter periodic. Bacteriologically, the soil is the home of teeming millions of microbes, busily engaged as purveyors of food for plants. Physically, the soil is the home of the plant, a place into which its roots must penetrate and from which it may derive much of the heat and the moisture necessary to growth. "By ceaseless action all that is subsists" and the changes going on in every soil are truly marvelous in their complexity and continuity.

But what is the popular definition of a soil? The Germans say it is a place to put manure. The English regard it as an inheritance to be transmitted to his primogenitor. But what was the regard of the farmers of Tidewater, Va., in the remote past, for this valuable natural resource? In sorrow one can say that they looked upon it only as a possession to be despoiled and abandoned as soon as possible. The tens of thousands of gently born Virginians all over this land testify to the existence of this time-honored custom which they have carried with other inherited habits, to their new homes, for as a rule, Eastern Va., is but a type of a large area of this country, which has passed quickly from forested fertility to depleted, gullied, worn-out fields. They have been the vampires of the soil. The Goths and Vandals of agriculture who thus by their improvident culture have sent down to the sea over a thousand millions of dollars in plant food. This soil depletion is fearful to contemplate, for in some places it still goes on. Our national existence, our boasted civilization cry out in thunder tones to check this frightful drain upon soil fertility. Gibbon says the greatness and imperial power of Rome went through her sewers down the Tiber into the sea. Many an ancient empire has fallen with the exhaustion of its land. Wise counsel is needed to stop this drain upon our soils, to levee against this sea of disaster, whose swelling waves threaten to engulf us.

I am aware. Mr. President, that farming in Virginia has ceased to be the "primrose path of dalliance." It no logger "leads through bowers of ease or pleasing lands of drowsey head." All of its charms, its pleasures and much of its profits have departed. Fluctuating prices, unreliable labor, soil depletion and scarcity of money have almost shorn this portion of your state of its former enviable agricultural prestige. There is in the present situation much to excite thought and study, nothing to cr.eate despair. A fairer land with more favorable natural advantages was

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never vouchsafed to an intelligent people. Stripped of her former glory, with her large estates disintegrated and divided, with many old colonial homes fallen into decay, she appeals to us for succor. Is this section of the state sleeping or dead?. If sleeping, let us like good sentinels on the watch tower bid her awaken and shake off Endy-mion's curse and that sleek satisfaction of the past, which strangles hopes of glory for the future. If dead, let us burst the cerements of the grave and proclaim for her that there is a resurrection and a life.

I rejoice to believe the presence of so many of our farmers attending this great convention is a declaration of her redemption. Taught by disaster and with the experience of our fathers before us, we are here to-day to put the mighty force of cultured intellect under the prostrate form of our cherished industry and lift it from the depths into which it has been hurled by more than two centuries of improvided culture, terminating with an earthquake of civil commotion which shook both hemispheres. You fellow farmers, this magnificent domain must be restored to its primitive fertility. Science and practice combine in pointing out a successful way and the intelligent, industrious farmer alone is needed to consummate this devoutly wished purpose. Descended from illustrious stock, inheriting all their transcendent virtues, you are here to-day to imbibe the accumulated knowledge of centuries, the digested experience of the world, the scientific thought of ages illuminated and intensified by the briliant discovery of the immediate past and present. The resources of this section surround you awaiting the electric touch of genius to be transformed into streams of gold which shall fill your land with wealth and with rural scenes which shall charm the eye and fill the soul with gladness. The agricultural battalions are calling for leaders. Are you ready to assume these duties and responsibilities? I believe you are, and will demonstrate to the world that an enlightened, honest manhood is the "mightiest resource of every section."

This great section, extending from the Potomac to the North Carolina line and from Washington, D. C, through Fredericksburg, Richmond, Petersburg and on to Weldon. • N. C, is but a part of the great Atlantic Coastal plain which extends from New York to Mexico. It belongs to the Tertiary and Quarternary ages of Geology and its material has been derived from the earlier rocks which formed the Appalachian chain. At times it has been submerged beneath the ocean and our marl beds, known as the Chesapeake, the Pamunkey and the Potomac formations are but the remains of the numerous life that existed in these waters during submergence. These marl varying from highly calcareous to slightly phosphoric have been used largely in the past as fertilizers for these soils. Through their use, for which we all return thanks and praise to Mr. Edmund Ruffin, the introducer, the first systematic attempt was made to resuscitate these depleted soils. After repeated submergencies, this section arose from the ocean with its present mantle of sands, sandy loams, and clays which now form our soils. Whether we cultivate the Lafayette or the Columbia formation is scarcely material to the farmer of this section, since the latter is but a reworking of the former. Much of this section has been investigated by the Bureau of Soils atvWashington and prom-

inent areas have furnished names to certain types of soils in the classifiction by the Bureau.

The soils of this section are largely sandy loams, with occasional areas of silt and clay. It is not within the province of this paper to differentiate them into the various types according to texture and physical properties. It is sufficient for our purposes to note a common origin and that water has served to separate them into the present types. The materials that make up our surface deposits and know geologically as the Columbian formation have a thickness of from 10 to 30 feet. These unconsolidated sands and clays in alternate layers with occasional deposits of gravel, have been derived from the Eastern Appalachian region and transported and deposited by streams in shallow estuaries and deltas during the building of this great Coastal flood plain. The weathering of these deposits has resulted in the soil of this section. They range in elevation from 30 to perhaps 200 feet above sea level and are generally gently rolling, permitting of ample drainage while the various streams found everywhere have cut their way through this unconsolidated material and left us roughly dissected hillsides.

Some years ago the speaker obtained by inheritance his old ancestral home in Gloucester Co. Pride of ancestry, the natural love of one's birthplace and youthful home, the ties of kindred and the hallowed associations clinging to the old homestead impelled him to keep the place and improve it. In the mental discussions which followed a determination to improve the place, it was argued that since this land had been in cultivation for over 250 years and much of its primitive fertility had been removed in the production of sweet scented yellow Orinoko tobacco, which subsequently went up in smoke in the Englishman's pipe, and since tobacco Was a great potash consumer, that these soils needed first and foremost potash salts for their rapid resuscitation. This argument was further strengthened by the knowledge of the absence of this element in large quantities in all sandy soils. Accordingly a series of field experiments were instituted on the farm for the purpose of deciding the mineral requirements of each field. Samples of soil from each field were taken simultaneously and carried to our laboratories in Louisiana and subjected to careful physical and chemical analysis. Physical analysis showed |that these soils were mainly fine sandy loams, consisting of fine sands, silts and clays in varying proportions. Chemical analysis revealed a striking deficiency in phosphoric acid, the highest amount found in any soil, being .006 per cent. There were larger quantities of nitrogen and potash, but neither were present in excessive quantities. The simultaneous field experiments made corroborated the above results.

Nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, used singly, in pairs and altogether were tried under corn and tobacco. Dried blood, acid phosphate and the various forms of German potash salts furnished the above ingredients. These experiments were extended over a series of years and on different fields. They showed conclusively that potash in any form was not required for the growth even of these potash loving plants. Phosphoric acid ivas the ingredient most emphatically called for, even with ample quantities of phosphoric acid present, a demand for ni-

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trogen was apparent for maximum growth. "Without phosphoric acid the nitrogen produced no beneficial results.

From these experiments a plan for future operations was at once projected. The phosphoric acid must be purchased and the very small quantity present in our soils, suggested application to each crop. The nitrogen could easily be furnished by the growth of leguminous crops. Of the latter, many were tested for their merits in a regular rotation. The different clovers, vetches, velvet beans, cow peas, soja beans and alfalfa were tried. Finally the following short rotation was formulated which included two leguminous crops. Starting with corn as the first crop, the ground is occupied the next year with cow peas or soja beans as the summer crop, followed in winter by wheat, which in turn is succeeded by crimson clover and then back to corn. Acid phosphate is used with each crop 100 to 200 lbs per acre.

A goodly number of Hereford cattle, Southdown and Shropshire sheep and Berkshire hogs, besides the usual farm complement of horses, colts and mules are kept, requiring a large quantity of forage to sustain them. The corn is therefore, harvested with a corn binder and when cured, carefully shredded and stored for winter feed. Just here permit me to remark that this stover is our main reliance for the maintenance of the matured dry cattle during the winter and when properly supplemented with leguminous hays and cotton seed meal, is an excellent ration for fattening steers and for growing animals.

The cow peas, soja beans and crimson clover are all converted into hay and fed on the farm.

The crimson clover remaining after serving as an early spring pasture for all stock, is harvested in May, a very unfavorable season for curing hay. The land is immediately broken with heavy two horse plows six to ten inches deep. After thorough pulverization and the application broadcast of 200 lbs. of acid phosphate to the acre, the corn is planted in rows 3 1-2 feet apart and 12 to 16 inches in the drill. It is rapidly cultivated with shoe and disc two horse cultivators, and harvested at maturity with a binder and shredded when dry with a shredder, for feed. There are several minor defects in the above rotation which we are striving to remedy. "We leave our corn stubbles throughout the winter without a cover. Sowing the corn with crimson clover at the last working is largely practiced but with us, on a large scale this practice has not proved satisfactory and we are yet without a profitable suggestion.

Again the early harvesting in the spring of the Crimson clover, the rush and bustle of getting this land properly broken and pulverized in time to secure a matured crop of corn by fall are minor objections which rarely become serious.

While awaiting the next spring the harvesting of the crimson clover, the corn stubbles of the previous year are thoroughly broken with heavy plows, pulverized and planted in cow neas or soja beans, using a wheat drill which also simultaneously distributes the acid phosnhate. A bushel of each seed is used per acre. No after cultivation is given these crops. In August and September these crops are converted into hay save a limited area of each which is reserved for seed. Soon after peas or beans are cut, the land is cross broken with a disc harrow and sowed in

October in wheat, 1 1-2 bushels per acre, using a drill to sow wheat and distribute acid phosphate. The wheat is harvested with a binder and when dry threshed, stacking the straw carefully for winter use. In August such weeds and grasses as may have occupied the wheat field since harvest are removed with a mower and converted into hay. This land is at once cross broken with a disc harrow and when pulverized sown in crimson clover (15 lbs. per acre) using the wheat drill with clover seed attachment, putting out at the same time the acid phosphate. An iron roller follows the drill and this by a smoothing harrow which completes the work. Corn, as already explained, succeeds this crop in spring.

Of course, in addition to this rotation, stable manure is used, a distributor spreading it over the fields. This manure is distributed from the stables every few days during the growing season, putting it upon any available land, now on the clover field, now on the wheat stubble and sometimes on the growing wheat. In early spring when the accumulations of the winter are upon us, it is put on the fields destined for corn—the proper place for stable manure in true farm economy.

We handle about 750' loads of thirty bushels each, per year, and distribute this amount over 75 acres.

The results of eight years of this practice have been very satisfactory. In the beginning our fields were very thin, reduced by continuous cropping of over 250 years. Ten to fifteen bushels per acre of corn were the average yields. Great improvement everywhere is apparent and yields of thirty bushels of corn per acre are common to all of our fields—some going much higher. Forty acres of this land has been so greatly improved as to successfully grow alfalfa. Twenty-five acres are devoted to this crop, while a small lot of four acres, occupied by this crop for four years and from which twenty crops of hay had been taken, yielded in corn last year, without fertilizer, seventy-five bushels per acre.

The comparative merits of cow peas and soja beans are often discussed. It has already been shown that when harvested for hay before developing seed the results in soil fertility are essentially alike but if both are permitted to mature seed it will be found that the soja bean has carried from the soil a greater quantity of fertility, because the quantity of seed per acre is greater and the grain itself is much richer in nitrogen. The Japanese have been growing this soja bean for ages for its seed alone for food for man and since it is their chief source of protein in their food, it is far better developed along these lines than the cow pea, which has been principally cultivated for the improvement of soils and which forms an insignificant part of our daily diet.

Soja beans sown or planted early on good land will make enormous yields of seed, containing in the aggregate the largest possible quantity of protein, the beans having a content of 34 ner cent, against the cow peas 20 per cent. Fearing that the supply of potash, now so heavily drawn on by the increased crops might be getting low. experiments at intervals are made regularly to test the present available supply. So far no indications of a deficiency hns been manifested and it seems unnecessary so Ions rs cro^s grown upon the farm are fed to stock and resulting manure carefully returned to the fields.

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To succeed any and everywhere now in farming, requires great intelligence, large caution and the best judgment. The seed of every crop should be selected with the utmost care and planted in only well prepared and fertilized land. All available home made manure should be properly distributed. This should be supplemented with mineral manures wherever needed, remembering that in feeding your lands like feeding your stock, a balanced ration is most economical and profitable.

Labor saving implements should be everywhere used and a rotation of crops, involving profit to the farmer and increase of fertility to the soil should be adopted by every farmer.

I omit here one phase of planting, so prominent in this section and which yields such pleasing returns as to jeopardize the true farming interests. This is especially true in the Eastern section, where most of the labor is engaged in this industry. I allude to the oyster industry of the Chesapeake and its tributaries, which, if properly developed, would be the largest resource of this great state. Fortunately for this section, many of those who pursue the oyster industry, devote some time between April and September in tilling the soil. But their holdings are small and their efforts directed mainly to the growing of crops for home support. No systematic farming on a large scale can be accomplished with laborers who flee to the oyster rocks with the approach of autumn.

Reviewing the resources of Eastern Va., one is struck with the vast opportunities presented. High above tide, with a delightful climate, with excellent drainage conditions, with varied types of soil, permitting the widest range of agricultural industries, with excellent natural transportation facilities; with populous cities nearby proffering the best markets for all kinds of products, with a people living in ancestral homes refined by a culture inherited from the earliest and best of American settlers, with numerous churches, schools and colleges, with these homes and lands selling at ridiculously low prices, the opportunities in this section for investment and development are surpassingly and surprisingly great.

If agriculture here is a failure it is man's mistake. The trouble is not in the land, for where are responses so quickly made to intelligent culture, nor in the balmy climate, nor in our favorable seasons, God never made a better country for the laborer or the man of small means.

It is briefly a land of sunshine without sunstroke, a little sunbrowned perhaps, but greatly sunblest and the farmer who intelligently strikes her on her spring breast may feed himself from her fountains.

Farmers of Eastern Va., you have before you a field in which intellect may find a theatre for its noblest powers and taste may deport itself amid the everchanging play of nature's lavish gifts and delightful harmonies. Let learning and labor be your motto. Invoke the spirit of service to wipe the dust and sweat from the brow of agriculture and lead her forth into those fields of hers where love is brooding and life is born, and show her that both may work in perfect harmony in the production of plant and flower and fruit. Then will the exiles return to the home of their fathers, be filled with accents of joy and songs of praise. Such a day is surely coming and the prophetic finger of the proud history of this section which

has furnished the world with so many heroes, statesmen, and men of mark, and has been the theatre of so many stirring national scenes, point to it as the climax of all of its achievements.

WM. C. STUBBS. Gloucester Co., Va.

PLANT FOOD. ,

Editor Southern Planter:

The word food means what nourishes and sustains, so that plant food must be something which nourishes and sustains the plant. Our State Agricultural Department has arbitrarily decided that three things are necessary to the complete and full growth and development of the plant—phosphoric acid, ammonia and potash—and will not register any mixture that does not contain by analysis a separate or combined percentage of these ingredients. The writer recollects very distinctly when no mineral fertilizers were used in Virginia except ground plaster, and the story of its introduction may be remembered. During the Revolutionary War Benjamin Franklin was sent as Minister of the colonies to France. He was deeply interested in anything that benefitted his race. He noticed that the French farmers used no mineral fertilizers on their crops but plaster of Paris, and it gave fine results. On his return he brought a sample of it and wrote on the grass of the Capitol grounds in Philadelphia in large letters: This is Plaster of Paris.

The growth of grass was so great that it excited the wonder and admiration of all passers by. After the war plaster was found plentiful in Nova Scotia and called Nova Scotia plaster, and was the only mineral fertilizer used in Virginia until about 1845, when the Peruvian Guano craze came on. Owing to high transportation charges plaster was very dear, costing $20 per ton in Lynchburg in the lump, and costing the farmers nearly as much more to haul it to the, mill and pay for grinding and hauling to his farm. They would not sow wheat and clover without it if they could get it, even at $50 per ton.

From 1845 to 1850 the Peruvian guano craze came on. 1 heard a.n intelligent farmer say it was cheaper to pay $50 per ton for it than to haul the requisite manure from his barnyard to his tobacco lots.

Under this impression, it was largely used in growing tobacco, and thereby hangs a tale. It will be remembered by old tobacco dealers that Virginia had a reputation above others both here and in Europe for manufacturing and other purposes. Some of the Western States commenced growing tobacco and shipping to this market. It was, however, of coarse fibre and could only be used in common goods. When our planters commenced to use the Peruvian guano, it was found that their tobacco lacked substance, though good for wrappers, and the Western nold quite freely for fillers.

Our tobacco growers became alarmed and prevailed on the Legislature to pass a law requiring every package of Western tobacco sold in Virginia to be branded on the head and side "Western" in letters not less than four inches in size. This law was strictly enforced for two years, but the demand for Western tobacco steadily increased. I have no doubt some of these branded pack-

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ages found their way to Europe, as the bulk of the crop is now sold in the West and shipped direct to European ports.

Many intelligent farmers are decidedly of the opinion that tobacco cannot be successfully grown without the use of ammonia. Hence 8-2-2 goods have become the standard for registration for a tobacco fertilizer, and for this 2 per cent, ammonia the price charged is $5 or $6 per ton.

As many farmers judge the quality by the smell, vola-tle ammoniates are used. The former gets forty pounds of ammonia, for which he pays $6 per ton. Say that he applies 500 pounds per acre, the crop gets ten pounds per acre, less what goes off in the atmosphere from the time of mixing to the time it is put under the soil. Professor Massey gives the farmers a tip just here. By sowing a crop of peas after harvest, they will get a crop of pea hay that will doubly pay the expense and the stubble will give double the nitrogen you get in 2 per cent, fertilizers, and this ammonia is already distributed in the right place for the quick germination and development of your next crop.

A beneficent providence has graciously "provided a bountiful supply of nitrogen for the growth of the vegetable kingdom created in the beginning, and that supply will be continued, otherwise the world would soon become an arid waste unfit for the abode of mankind for which it was created.

In the north of Europe they are actually extracting the ammonia from the atmosphere by electrical machinery and converting it into a commercial substance.

A fertilizer, therefore, like plaster (sulphate of lime) and carbonic acid, which strongly attract this valuable ingredient from the atmosphere, is of far more importance in keeping up a supply of plant food than is generally recognized. L.

Henrico Co., Va.

Our correspondent is in error in stating that the Department of Agriculture of the State has arbitrarily decided that phosphoric acid, ammonia and potash are necessary to the growth and full development of plants. Science has demonstrated that plants must have these three elements for successful growth, and the Department has only followed the teaching's of science in requiring that these elements, or some of them, shall be present in the fertilizer offered for sale. It does not require that all three shall be present in each fertilizer registered. The Department will and does register brands containing only one element, such as acid phosphate, which supplies only phosphoric acid, and so with the other elements. A complete fertilizer must have all three elements present.

The question of the value of land plaster as a fertilizer is one which we have several times discussed in the Planter, and we say something more on the subject in this issue in reply to an inquiry. To be effective, there must be available potash in the soil. It was very effective in the early days of the settlement of this country, because great quantities of lumber were being constantly burnt, and the ashes applied to the land. Now, that lumber is too costly to burn and ashes are scarce, plaster is very uncertain in its action, as most of the potash in the land is in an unavailable condition.—Ed.

SOME NOTES ON THE SEPTEMBER PLANTER.

Editor Southern Planter:

AlfaZfa. I note with great interest what the Wing Brothers have to say in regard to alfalfa and lime. I have just returned from a visit to a large farm, the property of a wealthy gentleman, in a section where alfalfa has been grown successfully for fifty years and no one ever thought of liming it. This farm is on the Piedmont red clay, Cecil clay, as the soil surveyors call it, although there is a great variation in it in different sections. The owner has spent large sums in the improvement of the farm, and is particularly anxious to have a fine field of alfalfa. Two fields and part of a third had been sown to alfalfa. On the two first he had years ago a splendid stand of alfalfa, and uowed it for several years. It was then turned for corn, and made a heavy crop. The crop was followed by wheat, and last year the effort was made to get it back in alfalfa. All but a small part of the crop has been largely a failure, though it was heavily limed. In fact, in some places, I could stir the lime an inch deep with my foot, and on these places there were no weeds and no alfalfa either. On the third field the plot of alfalfa is excellent and flourishing, but no lime was used there.

On the first two fields, where the stand of alfalfa is good, the third growth is turning yellow, and I had it mown off while there, as the young buds below were starting green. I would hardly claim that the failure is the result of the liming, but rather of soil depletion. The land, as I have said, grew a splendid growth of alfalfa some years ago. This was mown for a number of years and little, if anything, applied. The turned-down sod made a crop of corn and a crop of wheat, and now it is evident that the lack is not lime, but phosphorus and potassium. On the portion that has a good stand I have suggested that three plots be made of it. On one portion four tons per acre of pulverized limestone; on the second 400 pounds of acid phosphate, and on the third nothing, hoping in this way to enable the owner to learn something in regard to the needs of the land. But what I particularly noted was that when the lime was spread on this alfalfa it was spread from a wagon, and on some spots there was a much heavier application than on others, and these heavily limed spots had no vegetation whatever on them of any description, the alfalfa stopping short at the edge of the heavily limed spots.

I have no theory to propound in regard to this matter, but we are going to try to find out the reason. Adjoining this farm on which so much money has been spent is a farm in the hands of an old-fashioned farmer, who lias not gotten out of the old ruts. He simply plowed the land sowed alfalfa, and his field is perfectly splendid in its thick stand and luxuriant growth, and he has never used a pound of lime on the farm in his life. I am going to study this matter out on this aforesaid farm of the millionaire. There is no lack of inoculation, for nearly all the land in that neighborhood is inoculated for alfalfa, as they have been growing "lucern" there for generations. But if an excess of lime is what is wanted, why was it that on the most heavily limed parts of that field there is no alfalfa?

In the work that has grown on me of visiting and

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advising in regard to the management of various farms I must confess that alfalfa is still something of a puzzle to me, and with the abundant means at hand on this place J hope to solve the puzzle to some extent. Bad Plowing.

On this same fine farm the plows were running preparing for a forage crop of oats andi vetch. I asked how deep they plowed, and was told eight inches. Then I watched one of the plowmen as he passed me, and called tho attention of the manager to the fact that while the point and landside of the plow was going eight inches the darkey was turning four inches more than the plow he used was made to turn, and on the moldboard side was leaving a hard ridge only four inches 'down. There is where the eye of the manager is needed, for a darkey Mill always try to "cut and cover," taking a third more land than the plow was ever intended to cut. On one spot the recent flood that visited that section had carried off bodily the plowed soil and the bottom left was a series of these ridges. It is important for the farmer to note the way in which a plowman plows and to make his hands turn only what the plow was made to turn and edge this up nicely instead of trying to flop it over flat.

Clover Growing.

The replies to Mr. Cabell are characteristic of the "Savants" of the Department of Agriculture, "clover sickness." I have often heard of that indefinite sort of thing, and never believed in any sort of sickness in plants that a real scientist could not find a cause for. It has been demonstrated in East Tennessee that there is there a real sickness in clover, caused by a fungus disease. But I believe that what is commonly called "clover sickness" is a myth. The clover fails either through lack of humus in the soil, acidity, or lack of the mineral plant foods that clover especially needs.

Many years ago I took charge of a place on which was a field that was said to be clover sick. That field got a good coat of lime, and finer clover never grew anywhere. In many sections, the failure of clover is evidently due to a lack of the moisture retaining humus. A good stand is had and, after harvest, the soil bakes hard and dries out, and the clover dies simply from lack of moisture and air at the roots. In other places, clover fails from soil exhaustion added to the lack of humus. In the lack of humus the bacteria cannot thrive, the soil gets acid and the lack of phosphoric acid and potash prevents any growth. In fact, I do not believe in clover sickness unless it is a disease that can be insolated and studied. I know of farms on which a clover sod is turned down every third year, and this has been done for many years, and there is no complaint of failure to grow clover, for the humus is maintained and the grain crops are fed with phosphoric acid. Mr. Cabell says that the failure is common on new land. In that case I should attribute the failure to acidity and the need of lime. As regards the seed, I believe that every farmer should try to get a piece of land clean of weeds and grow his own seed. Weeds. Mr. Carlton writes rather amusingly about weeds. He is right as regards the difficulty in cleaning land by cultivating corn. Corn well and shallowly cultivated will

destroy all the weeds within germinable distance of the surface, but another turning of the soil brings a host more of seed to the conditions for growth, and they grow. One of the best crops for cleaning land is orchard grass and red clover. These are-cut early and before the weeds seed, and are not like timothy cut after the seeding time. And orchard grass, with its great mass of roots will improve the soil more when turned down than timothy will, and the bone meal will help both. An eld student of mine is now the weed expert in the Department of Agriculture. He is a close investigator of the habits of growth of the various weeds, and in studying the habit of the wild onion he has formulated a plan for its extermination, and will shortly have a bulletin on this subject. His plan is based on the fact that each onion plant makes one large white and thin-skinned bulb, which starts to grow in the fall, and also makes a lot of hard-shelled offsets that do not start till spring. Now, before making the new bulb, the large one that starts in the fall exhausts itself. Then, if it is turned under so as to bury all the top, it is killed, and the mother-plant is destroyed. The little hard-shelled offsets start in the spring, and as soon as they have grown enough to exhaust the food supply in the bulb turn them under, top and all, for if any tip is left exposed to light the plant will grow. Get the bulletin as soon as out, on Wild Onions, by T. S. Cates. It will be fully illustrated from photographs. Mr. Cates also has published a bulletin on the 'destruction of Johnson grass, based on a study of the habits of growth in the plant. He is a close and accurate investigator and his bulletins are helpful. Fertilizers.

I would ask Mr. Hicks in what more available form can we get soluble phosphoric acid than in acid phosphate. Doubtless, the mixed fertilizers generally contain too large a percentage of phosphoric acid, since it is the cheapest plant food used by the manufacturers, and they know that farmers in general are looking for low-priced fertilizers. Mr. Hicks leaves out of view the soil and its character and the rotation of crops and growing of legumes. Nitrogen is of course needed, for it is the vital principle in plant life, but why spend money for it when the experience of thousands has shown that we can get all we need for our grain crops through the legumes and the manure made from their feeding? How many more field experiments with fertilizer formulas do we need, for this has been a great part of the work of many Stations, until many farmers have gotten into the notion that for every crop planted they must have a special fertilizer formula. When farmers, who for more than twenty years have bought no nitrogen, have seen their lands increase in productiveness, why should grain farmers study formulas rather than methods of rotation and soil improvement through the growing of legume crops and the development of the humus in their soils? Farmers beg me for formulas till I get sick of the word. The formula needed is a good rotation of crops and the use of the forms of plant food for the increased production of the legumes, and through their use getting all the nitrogen needed.

Demonstration.

As Mr. Carlton says, "What does a farmer want with a demonstration?" The work that is being done in this

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T October,

line by the Department of Agriculture is a good thing to wake up those who do not read and study. But a demonstration on a single field is not what is needed. The whole farm should be planned and set into a course of cultivation and rotation, and made in this way a real demonstration of how a farm may be made to build itself up, and not a demonstration to show how large a crop can be made through a liberal fertilization of the soil. A demonstration farm should be a demonstration all over, and year after year, if it is to avail anything of permanent value. But I had rather trust to Mr. Sandy's heavy seeding than the lighter seeding for grass. My neighbors used to laugh at me for sowing sixteen pounds of red clover per acre, but the difference between my stands of clover and theirs was enough to pay many times over for the difference in the seed. There is far more danger of getting clover and grass too thin than too thick, and the farmer who gets it too thin will more frequently "get left" than the man whose soil is well stocked with plants.

Farm Horses. In reply to the question "N" asks, I would say that I am too busy directing the improvement of a number of farms near by and at long distances to be now personally engaged in the cultivation of a farm. That is, I am doing far more farming than if on a farm of my own, for a large part of my time is taken up in visiting and keeping up with the farms I have in tow. But I would like to know why one should keep and feed a lot of big horses where a good pair of mules can easily pull a plow eight inches deep? The mules are far more economical, and in all the farming I do or superintend the effort is to avoid needless expense.

Fertilizers and Rotation. Mr. Grizzard is right in valuing the use of fertilizers to get humus in the land through the growth of legume crops. But in all of our work we should to some extent look after the financial profit every year. It costs a good deal to prepare land for crimson clover as he advises, and one should get more from this first crop than mere pasture for calves. I would plant corn after turning down that first crop of clover. Among this corn, at last working, I would sow cow peas, and would cut the corn and then disk the ripe peas thoroughly and in September sow winter oats. Follow these oats after harvest with peas again on which a good application of acid phosphate and muriate of potash has been used, and cut these peas for hay, and sow crimson clover on the stubble in September and turn this down in the spring and apply another heavy application of acid phosphate and potash and plant peanuts. Sow rye after the peanuts and haul out during the winter all the manure and spread broadcast for corn, and repeat the rotation. In this way we will always have a winter cover crop on the land and will never need to buy any complete fertilizer. Many peanut growers think that they cannot do without plaster, but if they reflect that in every 100 pounds of acid phosphate they are applying forty pounds of plaster, it is evident that if they put the phosphate on liberally they will need no more plaster. Plaster and lime prevent pops by releasing potash, and it is a deficiency of potash in the sandy soils that makes pops, and if potash and phosphoric acid are

applied liberally to a soil that has gained humus-making material through the legumes there will be few pops. A North Carolina man once said to me that he hated cow peas so badly that he would not allow a man to ride over his farm with peas in his pockets. That man makes poor crops of peanuts and cannot see why he has such bad luck. He simply needs peas and a sensible rotation.

Mr. Grizzard's Corn Growing.

The statement of cost and profit which Mr. Grizzard gives on page 772 leaves a good deal to be explained. He said in his August contribution that he prepares the land, applies lime, etc., and sows crimson clover. That be breaks this in the fall, fertilizes and sows crimson clover again, and cuts this crop and puts the land in corn. But in his statement of cost he seems to allow for plowing and harrowing the land but once in the two years, while he actually has to plow it three time. He certainly sows clover seed in abundance, for I have found that fiiteen pounds is usually sufficient. Then he does not say how much manure he used in the topdressing of the first crop of clover. For the second crop, I understand from his August article, he applies four tons of barnyard manure, and afterwards topdresses again. If at each application the land gets four tons per acre, we have a fair dressing of manure.

But If he allows in the expenses the value of the commercial fertilizer he should have allowed something for the value of the manure, for it is a very small estimate to put the handling of twelve tons of manure, hauling and spreading, at $4. I admire Mr. Grizzard's determination to put humus in his soil, and to feed and make manure, and do not even object to the liberal amount of clover seed used. But it would be far more interesting and instructive if he had had another acre on which the lime, clover and manure were used only. He would then have been able to note what increase was due to the 1,400 pounds of fertilizer applied. I feel pretty sure that if he had done this he would have found that the increased crop of corn would not have paid for the fertilizer even at his big estimate of 80 cents per bushel. He made a "demonstration," it is true, but a further comparison would have been more instructive. Then he paid a big price for the twenty pounds of potash in that 1,000 pounds of prepared lime, for he could have gotten fresh lump lime for less money, and would not have paid for all the water it took to slake that 1,000 pounds. I have bought fresh lump lime years ago for $3.00 a ton, and, with freight and hauling, it cost less than $6.00, and after slaking to a powder a carload of eighteen tons was more than doubled in bulk. That is, I paid 12 cents per bushel for the fresh lime; got 440 bushels, or nearly 18 tons in a car load, and, when slaked to a powder, I had 1,000 bushels.

Then, a word about the salt in the hay. It does not do a particle of good and" far better hay can be made without it. W. F. MASSBY.

Scott Co., Va., March 19, 1908.

I have been reading the Southern Planter for many years and I like it best of any agricultural paper I have ever taken. E. M. HART.

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FARMERS' CO-OPERATIVE DEMONSTRATION WORK, DR. S. A. KNAPP IN CHARGE, MEET IN WASHINGTON,

AUG. 31 TO SEPT 4.

Sitting-: Left to Right—1. A. F. Wood, Asst. Chief Bureau Plant Industry; 2. B. T. Galloway, Asst. Chief Bureau Plant Industry; 3. Dr. S. A. Knapp, Special Ag-ent in Charge; 4. D. N. Barrow, 5. T. O. Sandy.

Standing, Left to Right.—1. D. A. Brodie; 2. W. A. Orton; 3. D. N. Shoemaker; 4. H. E. Snavely; 5. I G Williams' 6. J. P. Campbell; 7. W. D. Bentley; 8. J. D. Quicksall; 9. E. Gentry; 10. Wm. Bamberge; 11. W. F Procter; 12. C. R. Hudson; 13. R. S. Wilson; 14. S. A. Knapp, Jr.

LIME FOR ALFALFA. Editor Southern Planter:

When you read that article in the September issue about making alfalfa a success, was your brain stirred to some sort of action and what have you done since? Have you made inquiries how and where to get eight to ten tons of ground limestone for every acre that you intend planting to alfalfa? If you are going to use such enormous quantities of lime you don't want burnt or caustic lime, because so much of it would hurt your corn. What you need is ordinary limestone crushed and finely ground.

Ground limestone sells in Illinois at 75 cents per ton, in other states at from $1.00 to $1.25 per ton, loaded on board of cars. I do not know of any instance where lime can be bought at such figures in Virginia. Besides, freight is an important item. Unless the mill is located on your line of railroad the freight would be too high. If the farmers are going to use ground limestone extensively, there is no doubt that mills will be erected on all principal railways.

For the benefit of those who are interested in lime I have written to E. H. Stroud & Co., No. 30 La Salle St., Chicago, to learn something about lime crushing plants. A mill that will grind about two tons per hour so fine that 60 to 75 per cent of it will pass through a sieve having 100x100 meshes to the square inch would cost about $550. A crusher to first break the rocks to one-inch pieces would cost perhaps $500. The cost of grinding a ton of lime rock is about from 15 to 35 cents per ton where cheap power is available. It would perhaps cost about 10' to 15 cents per ton to quarry the lime and bring it to the crusher. It would seem that if quarry and plant were located on a railroad siding there would be a very fair mar-

gin of prifit in selling ground limestone at $1.25 per ton delivered on board of cars. The larger the plant, the lower the cost of operation per ton. A mill that grinds 5 or 10 tons per hour can turn out its product cheaper than a small mill having only a capacity of 2 tons per hour.

The way to get a thing is to go after it until you get it. If you want ground limestone at $1.25 per ton, ask for it and keep on asking for it. If you write to the Editor of the Southern Planter how much of such lime you would like to have he will certainly be glad to show your letter and all other letters to parties who would go into the business, if they felt confident of a sufficient demand for the product. If you are going to plant two or three acres of alfalfa you need one carload of ground limestone; if you are going to plant 25 acres you will need about 10 carloads. If you expect to use lime next year you should write now. Perhaps your neighbors want lime also and would join you in an order. But unless you do tell of your wants, how do you expect men to start lime crushing plants? Before men engage in a business they want to know whether there is enough demand for the product. If you depend upon others to make their needs known, the others may be depending on you. I want 40 tons.

N.

THE ALFALFA PROBLEM IN VIRGINI A—HOW IT BEING SOLVED AND THE INTEREST IT IS CREATING.

IS

Editor Southern Planter:

The following letter from one of your large Virginia planters is so interesting that I make bold to send it to you for publication, as it has in it so much of great interest. Mr. J. P. Jack on the Rappahannock is sowing a

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[October,

large area to alfalfa, as a business proposition. Briefly his practice is to sow crimson clover, follow this with ; cow peas, then in August to sow alfalfa alone, using 30 lbs. of seed to the acre.

He limes with about two tons of lime to the acre, or a little more, he uses bone meal or some other carrier of phosphorus very liberally, as much as 400 lbs. per acre. Last year he sowed 160 acre's, using thereon 400 tons of lime. The following letter gives the results of this first seeding. J- E. WING & BROS. SEED CO.

Messrs. J. E. Wing .& Bros. Seed Co., Mechanicsburg, Ohio.,

Gentlemen.—My time has been so occupied that I have not had time to report to you the conditions here. As you may remember we have had three cuttings: 1st from May 8 to 15; 2nd,, from June 10 to 20; 3rd, from Aug. 1 to 10. from which we have obtained about 150 tons of what I think may be called Al; also 100' tons of 2nd class-splendid for feed, but not bright and good for market. Then some 125 to 150 tons from 1st cutting which was made worthless because* of the cress in it and which we stacked in the open. In addition to this we have been feeding 37 head of mules with this year's hay.

Now as to the present condition of the fields: One of 50 acres I think now stands 10 inches high and as perfect a stand and color as anyone would wish to see. It is just about like that nice dark strip of yours was along the steep side hill where your brother drove me.

Another field of forty acres has about twenty-five acres very choice, same as the field above mentioned, but the remaining fifteen acres has much crab grass and in some places a thin stand of alfalfa and along the road a strip about one rod wide has turned yellow. I am inclined to think cutting and liming will correct this.

I should have said that in the 50-acre field there are two strips 30 feet wide which are not good. One was left without lime and the other without fertilizer. The one without lime is the poorest. Where these strips cross each other the field is almost void of alfalfa and full of grass and weeds. My intention is to correct these two strips after the next cutting as they have served their purpose as far as I am concerned, and they detract very much from the appearance of the field, which, without them, would be almost perfect.

There is another 35-acre field which, although it has received more care, more treatment, and as much lime as any, and some natural advantages which the other fields do not possess, has not done so well. The stand is not quite thick enough and the rag-weed and foxtail is showing in it in many places. The two remaining fields are very nice. So you see that, everything considered, I cannot complain. The shortcomings which now show can all be overcome in time, I think. I am seeding 160 acres more now and the seed bed is in splendid condition. The rain is delaying the seeding somewhat, but 1 think we will get it completed this month.

Port Conway, Va. J. F. JACK.

The following letter shows that others are thinking on this problem. We can and must help them to solve it.

September 9 1908. Jos. B. Wing, Esq.,

Dear Sir:—Right at the start, I want to apologize to

you for imposing on you, as I know thei-e are a whole lot of people who are doing the same thing. My excuse is this: I have been waiting about two years now for you to write an article on "alfalfa in Old Virginia," and finally, on September 2d, you "made good."

I live down here in the Pecos Valley and am engaged in sheep ranching and farming. Not wishing to be egotistical, but rather to engage your attention as a shepherd, I would state that my pure-bred lambs were first at last year's International in carload class for Western lambs, and that my this year's spring lambs now average 115 pounds, of course, due to alfalfa. I mention these things merely as credentials, to knowing something about my business. I have for a long time wanted to move East and engage in the sheep business, and have always had Virginia in my mind. Mr. J. F. Jack's ideas were so exactly my own that I need hardly mention my ideas at all. I want to get away from irrigation (of course, there ar. plenty of Eastern people who want to take my place; "high-priced water," "expensive maintenance;" then the long haul; shrinkage of lambs; high freights, etc., and unreliability of labor (although I do not know whether the East is any better off in that respect). I would not settle in Virginia if I could not grow alfalfa. Alfalfa and sheep is the foundation I want to build on, and I think that makes a pretty solid foundation. Like yourself, l would criticize Mr. Jack for not fertilizing the peas or clover; also, for not trying what two, three and four tons of lime would have done; and, finally, I think there ought to be a dark cell in every county jail for all people who sell alfalfa hay from off the land. I have never done it. True, I am not rich, but my land is. This is a fairly good alfalfa country, but since feeding sheep here, we have raised the yield from four to six tons of hay weighed out of the stack, and you know our hay is very dry. That was done with sheep manure. But then, there is no limit to the possibilities of alfalfa with manure and phosphorus, and in the East, of course, lime.

Now, Mr. Wing, I am not rich, have a little money, could get more capital if necessary, and have fifteen yeai experience with alfalfa, sheep and dairy cattle. What want is a home. I want to fight or coax some of those cheap, sick (not worn out) Virginia lands, and alfalfa i the only real prescription that I know of. I would like very much to settle in a neighborhood of "Jacks," and I think we could make the land and people smile. At first the people would smile at the "crazy idiots." But then, if the land "smiled," the sheep would "smile," anfl probably we could afford to "smile" too. That suggests just one more thought: I have always been a little timid about going into a new country and showing them "ho.w to do it." Is it not true that the average Northerner has made rather a poor showing in the South up to date?

I do not want to be thought "average" or smart either, for. of course, there are tremendous problems to be worked out, but. if alfalfa can be made to grow, the battle is won.

As I write, I can see alfalfa, sorghum (fine for soiling), corn, rape, mangels, turnips and swedes all growing to perfection, and still I want to go to Virginia. You, who have ranched in the West, know how I feel better than most people. I love the West and I love its people, but somehow the East and its people feels more like home

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to us. I want to have a home with a "fence around it," where I can be with the wife and babies. As it is now, I have to be away weeks at a time at camp. Another reason, the "good old days" have gone, never to return; the settler has got us on the move, even here in dry New Mexico, and, what is more, the settler is going to stay; he wants a home too. If you can find time to give me any advice or suggestions I will be most grateful. Of course, people are always bothering you to tell them where the garden of Eden is located, but my objective point is a place in Virginia where land is cheap and where alfalfa can be made to grow. Believe me Very truly yours,

New Mexico. F. E. BRYANT.

The following extract from Mr. Wing's article, published in the Breeders' Gazette of the 2d of September, gives further information as to who Mr. Jack is and what he is doing to demonstrate that Virginia can grow alfalfa and thus bring other profitable branches of farming within the reach of our people. Alfalfa and live stock spell prosperity for our farmers and recuperation of our wasted lands. We must go after these and not let the newcomers only be able to claim that they brought this prosperity to us. We have for years been urging the growth of alfalfa and have always had an abiding faith in its ultimate success. It seems now that this is to be realized.—Ed.:

"There came one day to us an order for eighty bushels of alfalfa seed to be sent to one farm in King George county, Virginia. This has never been known as an alfalfa growing country, and this order rather astonished us. We feared there might be some mistake, or, if not that, that the man who ordered it might not understand alfalfa growing very well and might be sowing a crop of grievous disappointment most costly and disheartening. So w!e felt inclined to reason with the man, to say: "Hold on, go slowly; make it eight bushels, not eighty." But when we inquired into it we were more astonished than ever. The man actually knew what he was about; he had already sown about 150 acres, and was going about it in the best manner. So we sent the seed. A few clays later the man himself came to see us and to study how alfalfa thrives on Woodland farm. He spent a day with us and whether he learned aught I do not know, but of him 1 learned much. This man with huge faith and energy is J. P. Jack, Los Angeles county, California. He is a man of large affairs out there.

One day out in that country he began thinking of the East, wondering why advantages were not greater there than in California, where one is near to great markets like New York and Washington and Philadelphia, where freights are low and labor cheap and irrigation comes from the clouds and costs nothing for purchase or maintenance. The more he thought of it the more it seemed clear to him there must be a great undiscovered land down this way somewhere, where a man could make a fortune, and have fun doing it. Mr. Jack is a natural born creator of things. He loves to do things for the fun of doing them, and, while a very busy man, four time to run down East to see if he could find this Eldo rado. He settled down in Virginia for a month or two and explored. Plenty of lands he saw that would answer. so he thought, but at last he located in King George county two old estates—Bell Grove and Walsingham—and

bought them. On the Walsingham place President Madison was born, though that might not happen again, of course. He got about 1,500 acres.

The land, when he took it, was in a rather poor condition. Corn would yield about twenty bushels to the acre. The pastures were covered with briers and broom sedge. The land is a sort of chocolate clay, some of ,it a sandy loam. He was on the Rappahannock river. The usual crops in that region are wheat and corn, with a' little tobacco. The people'he found intelligent, many of them educated, courteous and kindly. First, before he took hold, he went up to Washington and there in the Department of Agriculture, he found two young men— V. C. Piper and M. Schmitz. To them he mildly announced that he wished to sow a little alfalfa in Virginia and would be glad of advice. "And about how much do you propose sowing?" they asked. "I wish to sow 40m" acres," was the reply. An explosion followed, remonstrances, protests. "My dear Mr. Jack, think what you will do! Your failure will be so colossal that you will put back the cause of alfalfa growing in Virginia for twenty years!" "Yet you say that I can grow it if I go about it right?" 'Certainly, but to grow alfalfa in eastern Virginia you must lime the soil and work humus into it and fertilize^ and innoculate the land; all these things are essential." "These things I am willing to do," replied Mr. Jack. "But consider the amount of lime you will need." I am considering it. Where can we best get it?"

When Mr. Piper and Mr Schmitz realized that Mr. Jack meant business, and was not afraid of doing the right thing, they rolled up their sleeves and got busy helping him. His first order for lime, I think, was for 400 tons. He has not yet solved the lime question to his satisfaction —that is, the source of supply; it costs more than it ought, but he has made a good beginning. Here is about his programme. He plants crimson clover in his corn at time of last cultivation. This grows finely, and he turns it under and plants cowpeas sometime after it. In some fields he has planted cowpeas alone. As yet he has not fertilized either the peas or the crimson clover—the one defect in his system that I can point out. The peas are ' plowed under in late July and intense cultivation given the ground. He plows ten inches deep, which is doubtless the deepest plowing that land ever received. Then he puts on lime, a ton of freshly slaked lime to the acre,' and after the lime 400 pounds of bone-meal with about : fifty-three per cent, of potash in it to the acre. Then thirty pounds of alfalfa seed, and soil from another alfalfa field for inoculation.

This is done in August. Sometimes he has used ground ' limestone unburned. He has seen no material difference in results between the burned and unburned lime. He ' gets clean, rich, splendid stand's of alfalfa. To see if he '• really needed the lime and the fertilizer he left a strip ' through a field with no lime, and another strip running at right angles with no fertilizer. ' Where he put lime without fertilizer he got a good stand of not very thrifty ; alfalfa. Where he put fertilizer without lime he got a ■ very poor stand. Where these strips intersected and . neither lime nor fertilizer was put he got little or nothing. The expense of the liming, fertilization and seeding has been only about $15.00 per acre. He has secured as , return about a ton to the cutting of alfalfa on each acre, cutting four or five times in a year." ;

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[October,

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH.

The picking, packing and marketing of the apple crop will keep orchardists busy this month. The large crop of apples in the Northern States will make the buyers of our apples much more particular as to the quality of the fruit they take, and also as to the manner in which it is handled. We are glad to see that our growers are

organized to meet this difficulty, and have started packing associations to handle the crop in several sections. It will pay large growers to have their crops thus handled, and even the growers of small crops may find profit in utilizing the services of these associations, as they will be able to bulk together several small crops, and thus make them acceptable to the wholesale buyers. When picking the fruit see that you employ only careful hands, who will not unnecessarily break off the branches and buds, and thus, reduce the next year's crop. Do not overlook what we said in our last issue as to packing small crops of apples and pears in small boxes or baskets holding from half a bushel to a bushel for the home market. Hundreds of these small packages could readily be disposed of in our cities at prices in advance of the barrel prices, and yet give our people fruit at much less cost than they have to pay in the retail markets. The fruit so packed should be carefully selected and put up neatly and attractively.

Gather and ship or store for winter use all produce as it matures. Before being shipped or stored it should be carefully picked over, and all diseased or injured fruits or roots be kept to themselves for immediate consumption, or for destruction. If packed or stored with the sound goods they will soon cauee injury to them. In our last issue we gave advice as to the best methods of storing Irish and sweet potatoes, onions and other produce, and refer our readers to that issue. Turnips and rutabagas will make the greatest increase ia their size this month, and should not be pulled until next month. Beets and mangold wurtzels should be pulled before frost and be stored out of reach of frost, or they will not keep.

which the frost will kill. November is soon enough to set out the plants.

Earth should now be drawn up to the celery plants sufficient to keep the stalks upright and compact, but they should not yet be banked up to the tops to bleach ♦he' stalks, as the plants will make their best growth this month. The end of the month or the first week in November is early enough to bank the soil to the plants to bleach them.

The fall cabbages should be pushed on by cultivation and the application of a top dressing of nitrate of soda at the rate of from 100 to 200 pounds to the acre to induce early heading.

The land should be got ready for setting out the cabbage plants for the early spring crop. Prepare it well and make it sufficiently rich to start the plants, but not to force them too rapidly, so as to make a tender growth

In this issue will be found an article on the growing of the early spring lettuce crop, to which we invite attention. Where cold frames are available they may be filled with lettuce plants, set four inches apart each way for a winter crop. The soil should be new, well composted soil, and be made rich with cow manure, and a good complete fertilizer. Give air freely to the plants so long as the weather keeps mild, but be ready to close up the frames when frost threatens.

Potato onions may be set out all through the month for the first early onions. Make the soil rich and set out in rows wide enough apart to admit of cultivation. Set about four or five inches apart in the rows. Queen or Pearl onion sets may also be set out in limited quantity. If the winter is mild they will stand, but if severe these may be killed. It is worth while to take chances on a few, but not with the main crop.

Strawberry plants may yet be set out. If the weather keeps mild until the end of November, as is usually the case, they will get hold of the land, and be ready to start growth in the early spring.

PACKING APPLES, AND PROGRESS MADE BY VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Editor Southern Planter:

If anything were needed to prove the fact that the only reason that Virginia apples are not more eagerly sought after than they are, is on account of the distrust felt by buyers of the usual style of packing, this proof can be had now in the initial experience of the newly-organized packing associations, formed this year by members of the Virginia State Horticultural Society. There are two of these associations, one operating mostly in the Valley, named the Shenandoah Valley Packers' Association, and the other operating mostly in the Piedmont Section, and entitled the Virginia Growers' and Packers' Association. I have had personal experience with the latter, and am informed by Mr. T. W. Woolen, the manager, that they have more orders from parties outside the State than they can fill, up to date, at satisfactory prices, growers and buyers being both satisfied. Now, such experience at the outset of their operations is most satisfactory, and means that buyers are ready enough to take our apples and pay well for them if they can be assured that what they purchase is up to grade marked on the package. This, of course, is what the packers' association is organized to secure. While I have not as yet had the opportunity of hearing the experience of the Valley Packers' Association, I have no hesitancy in saying that their experience is along similar lines. The point I wish to make is that the members of the Virginia State Horticultural Society who have organized these associations, should be congratulated on their enterprise, and the growers of our State should get into communication with the secretaries or managers

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877

of the associations with a view of joining them and participating in the advantages to be derived. I send you a copy of the specifications required for packing, which certainly reads like business, and yet are perfectly fair to all parties. I think there is every indication of an era of increased prosperity for the fruit industry of the State, owing to the educational and beneficial influence that is being exerted by the State Horticultural Society, which, in addition, is advertising the State by means of exhibits of fruit at our fairs within the State, and also at fairs being held in other States this fall, and by literature, which is being distributed outside the State as much as possible. That this literature is attracting attention I am satisfied from letters received from influential parties outside the State. A prominent' official of the Southern Railway wrote me a few days ago: "I thank you for sending me your circular on 'Condition of Apple Crop and Forecast of Prices,' the information therein contained is interesting and valuable. * * * I also thank you for the leaflet containing brief summary of information of horticultural conditions in Virginia, which is very appropriate and valuable. If you can let me have about fifty copies of this leaflet will try to use them for our mutual advantage. * * * Am very glad to find you propose making exhibits at the fairs, and also in Washington and New York. * * * I remember your exhibit in Washington last year, and am satisfied it did much to attract attention to your State."

The editor of an agricultural journal of very large circulation in the North and other parts of the country, writes a few days ago: "I am much interested in the new features being introduced by your society, and shall notice them in an early issue of our paper."

Now, such letters as the above go to show how soon our methods of advertising become noticed, and these efforts should be endorsed by those interested in the fruit industry of our State generally, one and all of whom should show this interest in a practical manner, by co-operating with the band of energetic and public-spirited citizens of the State who comprise the membership of the society, and join membership with us. As we are now attracting notice from people outside the State, we want also to do so among our own people, and show a membership really commensurate with our influence. As secretary of the society, I am about to start to obtain 1,000 names in our membership, and so long as I hold the present office, do not intend to relax these efforts until that number is legitimately secured.

WALTER WHATELY, Secy, and Treas. Va. State Horticultural Society.

Crozet, Albermarle Co., Va.

GROWING LETTUCE. Editor Southern Planter:

The variety generally grown by truckers is the "Big Boston." The "Giant White Forcing," an offspring of the "Big Boston" is also a fine variety to raise for market. The seed should be sown in Southern Virginia about September 20th. One pound of seed will make an abundance of plants for an acre. A good loam, not over-sandy, not over-stiff, is the best soil for lettuce. The soil should be deep and fertile, heavily manured and fertilized. Well

rotted cow manure is considered better than horse stable manure for this crop. The land should be deeply plowed as soon as practicable in the fall. The manure should be spread on the plowed land, and the land be well harrowed. A fertilizer composed of the following ingredients should be applied at the same time: 300 pounds muriate of potash, 700 pounds acid phosphate, 200 pounds dried blood. This is enough for an acre of land. The plants should be ready for transplanting the latter part of November. Before transplanting the land should be laid off in beds with alleys between them. The width of the beds and alleys is a matter of taste and convenience. I make my bed3 twelve feet wide, with two-foot alleys. Upon the beds low ridges one foot apart should be made with a hand plow; or they can be made with a hoe by a good hoe hand. The plants should be set one foot apart on the ridges. An acre will take about 40,000 plants. As soon as the plants are set they should be covered with the tmnuest grade of plant-bed cloth, which costs about two cents per yard. I make covers by sewing together four widths of cloth. The covers are fastened to wooden stubs about eight inches high, running on each side of the beds.

Whenever the land is not too wet during the winter it should have a good working with a narrow hoe (onion hoe), and afterwards the land should be kept clear of weeds by scraping them out; the soil should not be stirred after the one working directed above.

About March 1st, nitrate of soda, 400' pounds to the acre, should be applied. The lettuce will begin to head early in April, and by the 15th, some will be fit for market. The heads must be cut and marketed as fast as thex are ready, but beware of cutting too soon or being too eager to make early shipments. The Virginia lettuce grower will generally get better prices after the North Carolina crop is sold.

Poorly headed lettuce is very poor property. Lettuce is usually packed in half-barrel crates. A really successful crop of lettuce is very profitable, and even half a crop is usually more profitable than a full crop of most other vegetables. The best sale I ever made of the product of an acre was $1,350.

Comparatively level land with a southern exposure is best for lettuce. P'lenty of sunshine for most of the day is indispensable for a good crop.

PAUL C. VENABLE.. Prince Edward Co., Va.

THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

This society has issued the premium list for exhibits of fruit to be made at the annual meeting to be held in Lynchburg, Va., January 6, 7 and 3, 1909. The premiums offered are very liberal, and should induce a large display of fruits. Growers should send for this premium list at once, so that they can make selections of the fruit to be exhibited as it is picked, and have same put in cold storage to preserve the same in fine condition. The list gives full information as to storing, etc. Write Mr. Walter Whately, the secretary, at Crozet, Va., for the list, and encourage and support the society by making an exhibit. In this way a better market for our fruit can be secured.

»8tS

THE 'SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

Live Stock and Dairy.

1 MAKING CHEAP PORK WITH GRAZING CROPS.

(Continued from September Number.) ■rj' Editor Southern Planter::

n Management of the Brood Sows.

•• ; In many sections where the snow-fall is light and the -• winter of short duration^ h°gs can be grazed practically a all the year. In other places,, winter feeding for, say three . or four months, will be necessary. This, need not entail .• great expense, however, if the sows are so bred, and handled as to farrow some time during the month of March or April. It will not be desirable to wean them for at least

- eight weeks, and along in early April, depending on the

■ - locality, grazing crops will be available, and the sow and

■ • little ones can then be turned out and the little pigs •• given the most favorable environment at an early age .. and accustomed to eat green food. Only a comparatively

a .small amount of grain will be needed during the winter. This may be made up of small corn, but for the brood sow

,", should not consist of more than one-third corn. Some

<; clover hay well laden with pods will practically maintain •• the brood sow through the winter with a few ears of corn

-■added daily to give variety to the ration. Wherever slops or skim milk are available, they should be utilized, and if the corn is old and hard, it is better to grind it and feed as a thin slop. It will not pay to cook the food,

-* though if any roots or tubers are available, a small quan-.- tity given to the sow each day will stimulate, the milk

<t flow and help to keep the system in a healthy condition.

- A little bran should be fed occasionally, and crushed oats, ■■ barley or wheat may be used to advantage. There is

always some waste food on the farm, enough at least to maintain a few brood sows through the winter season.

.. During the early spring when the grazing crops are young and succulent, even though they be legumes, it will be

. necessary to feed some grain to secure the best results. In fact, it is desirable to feed a little grain until some of the pod-bearing legumes, like the cowpea and soy bean, are ready; for though hogs will do extremely well on alfalfa or red clover, still they will do enough better to pay for the grain consumed; and if one wishes to grow them rapidly and uniformly, and have them make as much as a pound or a pound and a half of gain per head per day, liberal feeding even on choice pastures, must be followed. Where mast is available, hogs will need less grain, though they will, of course, not grow as rapidly as

. where given a little each day.

What Crops May Be Grown to Advantage. This brings us to a consideration of the question of desirable grazing crops for hogs. Wherever crimson clover will grow it should be utilized, as it furnishes about the ■ earliest desirable grazing that can be obtained in the spring. In some sections rye is used with fair success, but hogs will often not eat it with relish, particularly after it begins to grow rapidly, and there are other crops which can be utilized in the fall to better advantage. After the crimson clover is gone a good blue grass or Bermuda sod will answer until the early maturing cowpeas have ripened far enough to turn the hogs on. Then, it

' will be a simple matter to maintain a succession of cow-

peas until the soy beans are ready in the fall. Soy beans may also be grown in succession and utilized for feed through November and even up to Christmas. By that time the hogs should have made at least 180 to 200 pounds in weight. In some sections it is deemed advisable to fatten them on corn for at least a month or six weeks, but in many places this practice is being abandoned because cowpeas and soy beans yield anywhere from twenty to forty bushels of grain per acre, and it is not so necessary to feed corn to harden up the flesh and finish off the hogs grazed on these crops as it would be where peanuts, chufas and some other crops are used.

TABLE OF AVAILABLE CROPS. Cereals, Grasses, Etc. Wheat.

Barley, November and December.

Oats February to April.

Sorghum, July to November.

Millet, July and August. Chufas, August to November.

Bermuda, April to December.

Blue Grass,

Tall Oat Grass, Throughout the year.

Orchard Grass,

Artichokes, December to March.

Legumes.

Red Clover, April, July, September, October.

Alfalfa, Spring, midsummer, fall. . Alsike Clover, April, July, September, October.

White Clover, April to June.

Japan Clover, June to September.

Soy Beans, July to December.

Cowpeas, July to December.

Velvet Beans, September to November.

Peanuts, September to December.

Hairy Vetch, March to June.

Various plans of arranging crops so they will come in a suitable succession may be followed, but the fewer crops used the better; and it is now generally conceded that cowpeas and soy beans are superior to peanuts, chufas and other crops for the reason that hogs grazed on them yield a much firmer and better marbled flesh. Then, cowpeas and soy beans can be planted and cultivated with greater ease than the other crops, which is an important matter. For winter grazing there is nothing superior to artichokes. These can be utilized to advantage in many localities from January to March, and if the hogs receive a limited amount of grain like middlings or some other suitable concentrate, they will keep in excellent condition. Of course, little pigs could not run out to advantage with the sow except in very mild weather.

Cowpeas are sometimes utilized during December, January and even February for grazing. One of the best varieties to use for this purpose is the black, which does not rot easily, and the pods retain the peas remarkably well. For a succession use the Warren's Extra Early, or New Era. followed by Whippoorwill, Clay and Wonderful. In the case of soy beans, some of the extra early varieties

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87'.)

followed by the Medium Green, the Black and the Mammoth Yellow will provide a nice succession.

Where hogs are grazed there should be a considerable area of permanent pasture available. In some places this may be Bermuda; in others a Blue grass sod. Orchard grass and tall oat grass would answer very well under special conditions. Sows will not eat grass as readily as any of the clovers, and so whenever possible, crimson, red, alsike or white should be provided. Alfalfa is the peer of all these clovers so far as grazing hogs is concerned, but it is often difficult to establish it, and many farmers give up in disgust because they do not think it worth while; but hogs will do almost as well on it as cowpeas or soy beans, as it can be grazed several times during the year, and provides a permanent sod, which makes it invaluable. Any farmer can afford the expense and labor involved in establishing a plat of four or five acres. Where conditions are made right alfalfa can be grown with a great deal of certainty; but the different methods of culture often practiced, and the failure to enrich the soil by plowing under green crops and using liberal applications of fertilizer will only result in failure.

Several plans of arranging grazing crops will be submitted herewith, which can be modified to suit the conditions and environment of the owner. The date when these crops will become available will depend on soil conditions and the locality. Ordinarily, hairy vetch and oats may be utilized for early spring grazing until the permanent pastures are ready. Then some legume like crimson clover or red clover should be ready, and during June, July and August, alfalfa, Bermuda grass, cowpeas, or cowpeas and sorghum, or cowpeas and millet will be available. Peanuts will be ready during August, September and October; and soy beans, sweet potatoes, or late maturing varieties of cowpeas and chufas during November, December and January, from then on, artichokes and winter growing-cereals will carry the sows on until vetches and crimson clover are ready. A. M. SOULE.

(To be continued.)

FEEDING CORN AND BY-PRODUCTS.

(Continued from September Issue.) Editor Southern Planter;

Corn Silage.

Corn can be utilized during both winter and summer in the form of silage, and this statement applies to all extremes of temperature found in the United States. Some have believed that silage could not be used satisfactorily in warm climates. This is certainly a mistake, and that it can be used satisfactorily in cold climates is borne out by observations of the writer at Ottawa, Canada, this year, when he was shown an ordinary stave silo in which silage had been preserved for several years and fed to dairy cows with satisfactory results. It is true that the silage froze, but it was Pimply thrown down int^ the stable and allowed to thaw before feeding, and if ,not allowed to stand and ferment, no bad effects have ever been observed. The silo economizes time and labor very materially, one man being able to handle the roughness for a large number of animals with compavat've ease.

That the silo can be easily constructed and at. compara-

tively small cost is now a well established fact. Two stave silos built in connection with our cattle-feeding barn cost $1.50 per ton of capacity, even at the- high prices now prevailing for labor and building materials.

That corn can b'e preserved in an ideal condition tor feeding all classes of farm stock has also been clearly demonstrated. That care and good judgment in the cui-tivation of the corn crop for silage and its proper preservation and utilization as a foodstuff is essential goes without saying; but under intelligent management, there is no crop which can be made to serve more useful purposes on the farm in providing the needed succulent roughness for winter feeding at low cost fo" all classes of live stock than corn silage. The wonderful adaptability of this plant to a variety of soils and climates makes it unequalled for the purposes mentioned. Of course, other crops may ue used for silage, "out none has the general utility and wide adaptability of corn.

As to the cost of corn silage, estimates vary materially, but a number of years of experience where accurate records have been kept, indicate that it can easily be made for $2.00 a ton; under the most favorable conditions, possibly for a little over $1.00 a ton; and under the most unfavorable conditions it may cost as much as $3.00' a ton. From eight to twelve tons of corn silage per acre is a fair yield, the smaller figures approximating the amount btained in unfavorable seasons, and on soils of moderate fertility; and the higher figure the yield under favorable soil and climatic conditions. Corn silage increases the carrying capacity of the land very materially, especially in sections where tame pastures cannot be relied upon, and though the seasons are mild and open in the South, it is quite as important for the Southern farmer to have a silo as his Northern neighbor. In fact, a good silo on every farm would do much to encourage live stock industries; yes, make them possible and profitable, where they are now neglected with disastrous results, and the endeavor made to maintain crop yields through the use of cheap and unsatisfactory grades of commercial fertilizers.

The feeding value of silage as a roughness for beef production has been under investigation for a number of years, some of the results being summarized as follows: Feeding Steers on Silage.

RATION. Gain per head Food Consumed Cost lb. of

per day—lbs. Concen. Rough's. gain—cts.

Silage and cotton

seed meal 2.08 3.8 17.6 6.4

Silage and clover

hay, C. S. meal

1, corn meal 1. 2.19 3.9 15.2 6.0

Silage, clover hay

and cotton-seed

meal 2.19 3.6 15.5 6.9

Corn stover, pea

hay. corn-meal. 1.8 3.7 7.0 4.8

Corn stover and

pea hay, corn-meal 1, C. S.

meal 2 1.5 5.2 7.8 9.9

These results show conclusively that much better gains per head per day were made by the cattled fed silage than by those receiving mixed hay and stover. They also indicate that under favorable conditions over two pounds

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

of gain per head per day can be obtained wbere silage or silage and cowpea, clover or alfalfa bay are fed with a suitable grain ration. Two pounds of gain per bead per day for 180 days is as satisfactory an increase in live weight as can ordinarily be made witb cattle in good fiesb, in a grazing period of similar lengtb, even in sections where the blue grass predominates and old-established sods are available. What further proof is needed of the high feeding value of silage for beef cattle? As to the amount to feed, that will vary from thirty to forty pounds per head per day, depending on the age and condition of the cattle, and the other forms of roughness fed. With these figures in mind it will be a comparatively simple matter to calculate how many acres of ground will be needed to fill a silo of of a given capacity and supply the food needed for winter feeding.

That silage is a food of superior merit for dairy cattle is shown by the following feeding trials where it was fed with alfalfa and cowpea hay as a substitute for a certain proportion of the bran and cotton seed meal which had formerly been fed. These figures speak for themselves and need not be dwelt on at further length:

Feeding Silage to Dairy Cows.

Food Consumed Food Consumed Cost of

Per gal of milk. Per id. of butter. Gal. Pound

RATION concen. Roughn's. Concen. Roughn's. Milk Batter

Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Cts. Cts. Silage, wheat bran &

cotton seed meal.. 4.4 23.6 9.2 48.7 5.9 12.2 Silage, pea hay and

cotton seed meal.. 2.0 29.1 3.9 51.9 5.2 9.9 Silage, alfalfa and

cotton seed meal.. 2.06 27.0 3.8 48.0 6 9 12.3

In an experiment made at the Ohio station it was further shown that" liberal feeding with silage made possible a considerable reduction in the quantity of the concentrates required by the cows. The figures summarized above are very striking, and should drive home truths of momentous importance to all dairy farmers.

Silage can also be fed in limited quantities to horses and mules, though not over ten to fifteen pounds per head per day should be used.. Sheep will relish and thrive on silage, but should not be surfeited with it. The value of silage is improved by feeding some dry leguminous roughness with it as already indicated.

A. M. SOULE.

Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.

THE DUAL PURPOSE COW. THE RED POLL.

Editor Southern Planter:

There seems to be something wanting with the farmers of the South in cattle breeding so far as the most serviceable cow is concerned. While it is not my intention to decry any breed of cattle, yet i want to compare the most popular dairy cow, the Jersey, with the Red Poll, the pre-eminently dual purpose cow as a farmers' cow. Statistics of the Jersey breed show twelve and one-half per cent, of all cows raised as being very large milkers; the remaining eighty-seven and one-half per cent, as medium, or poor milkeds. Red Poll statistics give fifteen per cent, as heavy milkers, and eighty-five per cent, medium milkers. The eighty-seven and one-half per cent of discarded Jerseys are of very small import from a beef standpoint,

while the Red Polls are readily made into the best of beeves.

I thus come to the point of the need of nine-tenths of our farmers who want a cow that will supply their table with an abundance of good milk and butter, and at the same time produce good beeves.

Some men, due to ignorance of the Red Poll claim there is no such a thing as a dual purpose cow. They seem to think you will have to specialize in order to secure the great need of our farmers by either breeding the most angular cow, or on the other hand, breeding solely for beef, thereby strangling the milk veins with excessive fat.

Let us have a happy medium, a cow with good beef lines, not of extreme beef type, nor, on the other hand, too angular. A cow with a large square udder, running well forward, with prominent milk veins tracing near the

BED POLL BULL, WATEKBOY, TWICE CHAMPION AT CHICAGO, NEW YOEK, FTC.

brisket. The pictures illustrating this article show first a bull that is a good representative of the breed (Red Poll) that weighs 2,300 pounds, in breeding condition, and a cow that weighs 1,400 pounds that is giving fifty-six pounds of milk per day that will test four per cent. Let us see if statistics will substantiate what we claim in a more extensive form.

Lord Rothschild's herd of Red Polls, at Tring Park, has been bred along the dual lines. Twenty-two of his cows made an average of 7,744 pounds of milk in a year. Mr. H. P. Green, of England, raised the great cow, Gleaner, that was one of twin calves, which were never defeated at the fat stock shows, and at the same time gave 14,189 pounds of good milk in twelve months.

In the test, at the London show, taking only prize animals of registered breeds four Shorthorns average 44.3: pounds of milk, 1.485 pounds of fat, 3.98 of other solids; four Jerseys, 40.27 pounds of milk, 2.1 pounds of fat, other solids, 3.98 pounds; four Guernseys, 31.47 pounds of milk, 1.445 pounds of fat, other solids, 4.162 pounds; four Red Polls, 40.575 pounds of milk, 1.665 pounds of fat, other solids, 4.162 pounds. Comparing the above results it will be seen that the dual purpose cow has the lead, giving ten pounds more of milk per day and other solids half a pound more per day.

Mr. Garrett Taylor, of England, had ten Red Poll heif-

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ers, after first calving, to average 7,213.05 pounds of milk in a year. I give these figures because England is the home of the Red Polls. It "was there the great experiment of crossing the high class Norfolk bulls on the heavy milking Suffolk cattle was first tried, that resulted in the production of the Red Polls, the pride of many an English lord.

Batriz, the winner of the farmers' class at the Chicago International, in 1902, gave 9,475.2 pounds of milk an£ 439.88 pounds of butter in twelve months. Peony gave

UNDEFEATED "DOTTIE" MILK AND BEEF TO SPAEE.

9.659 pounds of milk in thirteen months, her dam's record, 7,944 pounds of milk in twelve months. Dorothy averaged 9,008 pounds of milk per year for five consecutive years. Her calves have been great winners. One of her daughters won the aged class at Richmond in 1907. A Red Poll cow of good beef lines, led twenty-six dairy cows in a three days' test at the Illinois State Fair, in 1907, after shipment from "Wisconsin State Pair, where she had produced two pounds of butter-fat per day.

Virginia can boast of Red Poll cows that give from fifty to seventy pounds of milk per day, that will test four per cent, butter-fat. Calves from these cows will weigh 1,000 pounds as yearlings. The cows at maturity weigh 1,300 to 1,700 pounds. The bulls from 1,800 to 2,400 pounds, though some few weigh considerably more. Red Polls rank among the best beeves, and are often termed the "butcher's choice," with evenly distributed, finely grained meat. It is common for Red Poll beeves to dress sixty-five per cent of their live weight. A Red Poll steer holds the record over all pure-bred cattle at the Smith-field Show (London), dressing 73.72 per cent. These cattle are better adapted to the green hills of America than England, and are destined to become the most popular cattle of our great country. I have serene faith in the

dual capacity of these noble cattle from past results, and the star of progress will wax still brighter for their future.

H. M. LUTTRELL. Fauquier Co., Va.

VIRGINIA HOG FEEDING.

Editor Southern Planter:

The Virginia Experiment Station Bulletin No. 176, just out, is of particular value to the South on account of the high price of corn, since it fully demonstrates the fact that a certain amount of cheaper protein feed, such as skim milk makes the feeding of less corn more economical, not alone because of the corn saved, but because the continued growth of the hogs 'is secured while the animals are fattening. This was already proven by Virginia bulletin No. 167, and several other experiment stations in similar tests with other protein feeds.

The bulletin now ready for distribution also exhibits the possibility of buying the commercial by-products of the packing houses, blood-meal, and using the same quite as effectually with no greater outlay than in using skim milk, unless the feeder is perchance a dairy farmer with skim milk at hand and no other use for it.

This hog feeding bulletin also compares the value of old and new corn in hog fattening, and demonstrates the reverse of the general belief that new corn is more profitable.

This bulletin should be secured by those interested, and carefully read. It is short and to the point, as all farmers' bulletins should be, and can be read in a half hour. A postal to Dr. S. W. Fletcher, Director, Blacksburg, Va., will secure the bulletin, and list your name for the sheep, steer and all bulletins, if you ask it. It is the desire of the director to increase the mailing list of Virginia farmers.

The conclusions of the experiment are as follows:

1. Considered from the point of gain per head per day, skimmed milk and blood meal produce very similar results when used as supplements to corn, when eighteen pounds of skimmed milk is fed for each pound of blood meal; or on the basis of one pound of digestible protein in the form of skimmed milk to one pound of digestible protein in the form of blood meal.

2. The profit made during the entire experiment differs less than one dollar. From this data we concluded that blood meal and skimmed milk have a similar feeding value when fed on the basis of an equal number of pounds of protein, and as supplements to either old or new corn.

3. Hogs fed old corn made gains slightly in excess of the hogs fed new corn in the ear. The difference is so slight that we conclude that there is very little to choose between these two forms of corn as regards average gain per head per day.

4. Hogs fed old corn made a profit slightly in excess of hogs fed new ear corn.

There is no difficulty in using blood meal for hog feeding if it is fed with a small quantity of middlings or some other palatable food, exercising reasonable care to get the hogs started right, and not to overfeed at .iny time.

6. Where a good market is offered for skimmed milk, a margin of $1.00 between the cost and selling price of the

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

hogs is necessary in order that this by-product may form a part of the ration fed to fattening hogs.

7. Since blood meal is a commercial product and always available, it is unwise and unprofitable to use corn alone for growing or fattening hogs.

8. Blood meal at $3.0'0 per hundredweight is equivalent in feeding value to skimmed milk at twenty-five cents per hundredweight.

Experiment Station. W. J. QUICK,

Blacksburg, Va. Professor of Animal Husbandry.

ORIGIN OF THE TOBACCO TREATMENT FOR SHEEP

PARASITES. Editor Southern Planter;

People flew kites long before Franklin's time, but Poor Richard is generally credited with having snatched the lightning. So the discoverers of the tobacco treatment will not object if something like tbeir method is found to have been recommended sixty years ago. A writer on Sheep Husbandry, in Edmund Rumn's invaluable Farmer's Register, Vol. III., p. 393, (letter dated Woodlands, Alabama, July 22, 1835), advises:

"Salt well, of course, and let tar be in the bottom of the salt trough: a little pulverized tobacco once a week with the salt."

It appears from the same volume of the Farmers' Register that the first meeting of the Buckingham (Va.) Agricultural Society was held October 15, 1835, Col. Thomas M. Bondurant, president. At. p. 93, Vol. I., there is mention of an agricultural paper published at Scottsville, Albemarle county. Copies of this paper must be extremely rare at this time.

Prince Edward Co., Va. ALFRED J. MORRISON.

in that time were 381 pounds of whole milk, 2,568 pounds of skim milk, l,2t32 pounds of silage, 219 pounds of beet pulp, 1,254 pounds of hay, 1,247 pounds of grain, 147 pounds of roots, 14 pounds of alfalfa meal and 50 pounds of green corn. The grain ration consisted of three parts each of corn and oats, and one part of bran and oil meal. At the end of the year the calf weighed 800 pounds, at a cost of $28.55 for feed. The calf was a Holstein.—Live Stock.

DUROC JERSEY BREEDERS' MEETING.

We would remind breeders of Duroc Jersey hogs of the meeting to be held at Murphy's Hotel, Richmond, on Wednesday, October 7 (Wednesday of the Fair week) for the purpose of organizing a Breeders' Association. An interesting program has been arranged and every Duroc breeder in the State should make it a point to be present and give the association a good send off.

SILO EXPERIENCE.

The Ohio Experiment Station has been carrying on several investigations to determine to what extent silage may be made to take the place of grain in feeding dairy cattle. Two rations were fed, carrying practically the same amount of dry matter.

In one ration over fifty per cent, of this dry matter was derived from silage. In the other ration over fifty-seven per cent, of the dry matter was derived from grain, no silage being fed.

The cows fed with the silage ration produced 96.7 pounds of milk and 5.08 pounds of butterfat per 100 pounds of dry matter.

The cows fed on the grain ration produced 81.3 pounds of milk and 3.9 pounds of butterfat per 100 pounds of dry matter.

The cost of feed per 100 pounds of milk was 68.7 cents with the silage ration, and $1.05 with the grain ration.

The cost of feed per one pound of butterfat was 13.1 cents with the silage ration, and 22.1 cents with the grain ration.

The average net profit per cow per month (over cost of labor) was $5.86 with the silage ration, and $2.46 with the grain ration.

THE COST OF A CALF.

In an experiment to ascertain the cost of raising a calf, Professor Shaw, of Michigan Station, took a dairy calf and kept an accurate account of the expense of feeding for one year from its birth. The amounts of feeds used

SHORTHORN CATTLE.

We have been much astonished at the reports we receive from Shorthorn breeders throughout the State almost universally that the demand for Shorthorns, both horned and polled, is slower than ever before experienced. We cannot understand why this should be so as there can be no question that the outstanding merits of the herd are yet pre-eminent. As beef makers and as milk and butter producers on the rich lands of the Valley and the Southwest, they can hold their own and give points to any other breed. They are not adapted to the chin lands and short pastures of the coastal plain country and for these sections we have never advised them, but the Valley, the Southwest, and Northern Virginia is true Shorthorn country, and a dual purpose breed like this should there be always in demand. There is going to Lie a scarcity of beef-making stock in the country, nay it is already upon us as is evidenced by the price asked for stock for the feed lots. There is no other breed than can surpass Shorthorns . for supplying this deficiency, and we are satisfied there is money to be made in breeding animals for this purpose. The Shorthorn cow will make a better calf in less time than any other breed and this calf will be ready for the block as "baby beef" with less cost and in less time than any other and will top the market in price the world over. The "Doddie" is the only breed that can compete with the Shorthorn in this "baby beef" business an<l the "Doddie" is at a disadvantage in the start as the calves often need a nurse cow to help the mother in starting them. We would urge a revived attention ;.o the Shorthorn breed, both as a beef and a milk and butter breed. Grade Shorthorns make fine dairy cows and thev are never a drug on their owners hands for if they fail to breed the butcher is always glad to take them at top prices. The grade calves make fine veals and excellent feeding steers. Try crossing a Shorthorn bull on native stocK and see the improvement which will be made in the progeny. He will almost double the size and weight of the calves at 12 months old. Several breeders who are oversrtockel aie offering finely bred animals at little more than their value as beef in our columns. Write them for prices. We are old Shorthorn breeders and know by experience that what we have said of this breed is true.

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883

PERCHERON STALLIONS IN THE ST I'D AT LYNNWOOD STOCK FARM.

LYNNWOOD STOCK FARM.

Situated right in the heart of the far-famed Shenandoah Valley, lying along the South Branch of the river of the same name, is the Lynnwood Stock Farm, of which John F. Lewis, Esq., is the proprietor. Its broad acres are so beautifully level that they are easily tillable with any kind of modern machinery. The soil is of the same character which predominates that entire section. This means, of course, that anything that grows out of the ground will nourish here. Blue grass is indigenous and naturally suggests pure-bred stock. That is Mr. Lewis' hobby. He rather resents being called a farmer, but when it comes to breeding Percherons, Shorthorns and Berk-shires, he is a veteran . He has either bred or owned some of the best animals of these breeds ever in the State. Many of our readers are more or less familiar with the Lynnwood breeding establishment. As an exhibitor at fairs, Mr. Lewis probably has no equal among the breeders in this State. For years he has shown at Hagers-town and Frederick, Md.; Harrisonburg, Roanoke, Lynchburg, Richmond, and other points. If any one hereabouts has a larger collection of ribbons (blues predominating) and trophies than he has, we can't imagine who i.t is. This, we take it, is ample proof that Mr. Lewis is a breeder and judge of no mean ability. By backing his judgment with a long purse, he has succeeded in assembling and breeding splendid stables and herds of his favorite breeds.

His Percheron stud is among the largest in the East, numbering twenty-seven registered animals, including one imported stallion and four imported mares, and lots of young things. Among the stallions over two years old are, Complete (38989) 18016, grey, by In Duck II., out of Monvette; The Czar 33864, grey, by Emperor, out of Pauline; Cosa 42290, brown bay. by Leroy, out of Cloth-ilde; La Fayette 41943, brown bay, by Bordeaux, out of Octo; Sport 43232, dark grey, by Constantine, out of Bessie; Bell Boy 45676, dark grey, by Buster, out of Belle; Premier 45677, dark grey, by The Czar, out of Octo. Mr. Lewis is a consistent breeder for size and bone, and he has both in abundance in this array of stallions. Among the seasoned ones, we pick "Cosa" as able to stand against all comers. In the younger set, "Sport" strikes us as having in him the making of a fine sire of big, stout

horses. He is a great husky fellow, around three years old. and has never been used. We don't know whether anybody's check for $1,000 would tempt Mr. Lewis to unlock "Sport's" stable door or not. We guess it would not. However, this is a grand lot of stallions, and all good ones. Their breeding is such that Mr. Lewis will never have to buy a stallion for an out-cross.

In mares, he is also well fixed. He has them in browns, bays and greys, all ages. They are, like the stallions, of good bone and size, and it is a splendid sight to see these well groomed and harnessed teams tramping along gently and quietly with any sort of a load to which they are hitched. They earn their living every work day in the year, and raise a fine colt at the same time.

Kentucky saddle horses have had a more or less prominent place in Mr. Lewis' breeding operations. At present he maintains a small stud with "General" at its head. This is a good looking and performing sire, and

THE GENERAL-

-KENTUOKY SADDLE STALLION. LYNN-STOCK FARM.

has some splendid celts to his credit. Such matrons as Miss Buford suggest the quality of mares usually kept in these stables. The Lynnwood Shorthorns have always been famous

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

for Mr. Lewis has always maintained a quality herd. When old Cup Bearer was in the zenith of his glory, one of his famous sons headed the Lynnwood herd. The blood of Lord Lavender, Lavender Lad, Governor Tyler, and other good ones, runs freely through the herd. His chief sire now is a splendid son of Prince Albert, owned by Dr. D. M. Kipps, and who was seen last year on the Vir-

SILVER TROPHY—PERCHERON ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA—WON WITH LYNNWOOD PERCHERONS.

ginia fair circuit. We believe Mr. Lewis paid something like $300 for this bull as a calf. The cows are splendid types, and there are some excellent milkers among them. While not in the milk business, the herd produces an abundance for family use, as well as for a big force of help.

The Lynnwood Berkshires are kept up to the high standard of breeding and individuality set for the other stock on the farm. In keeping up his blood lines, Mr. Lewis has freely patronized the leading Berkshire breeders ( East and West). He now has a good thrifty herd whose predominating characteristics are size and prolificacy. But for the rain, we would have shown a photo of his herd boar. He is a splendid specimen of great size and well marked. The sows are bred along fashionable lines, and both they and their get have to come up to Mr. Lewis' idea as to conformation, or they go to the block—therefore, no scrub ever leaves the farm.

All the stock at Lynnwood is raised under perfectly natural conditions. It is allowed ample access to splendid pastures and water. There is no "stall-feeding" or pampering. Hence a purchaser never gets any "kid glove" stock. Everything sent out is in a good working or growing condition. Stock of this sort is, of course, entirely healthy and easy to keep so when the same conditions are adhered to.

The Lynnwood Stock Farm is a credit to Rockingham county and the State of Virginia, and ranks among the first of the State's breeding establishments. A cordial invitation is given to interested parties to inspect the stock at any time. It is worth a trip to spend a day in Mr. Lewis' hospitable home.

Lynnwood Post-Office and Lewis Station are both on the farm. SHEPHERD.

THE LOUDOUN HEAVY DRAFT AND AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

The second annual exhibition of this association was held at Leesburg, Va., September 9th and 10th, and we> are glad to report that it was a decided success, both financially and as a creditable exhibition. The ideal weather prevailing both days served to bring out large crowds, and great enthusiasm was manifested in the various entries, exhibitions and races. It must have been gratifying to the officers of the association to note the fact that there were two and a half times as many en-: tries as last year. Decided increase was noted in the farm product and grade draft horse departments. This fact shows, we take it, that the officers of the association are succeeding in interesting the individual farmer in showing what he himself can produce.

In the pure bred draft horse list, Mr. Westmoreland Davis was the most extensive exhibitor, showing practically his entire Percheron stud, including his stallion. Messrs. Berkeley Ward, of Waterford, J. R. Beuchler, of Leesburg, and Roger Bros., of Hamilton, also showed their stallions. Quite a number of pure bred foals and yearlings, were also entered in the various classes.

The grade draft horse class brought out scores of splendid horses of all ages and both sexes, some classes having as many as twenty-three entries. This class should have been leased by the Department of Agriculture and Virginia Polytechnic Institute jointly, and taken over the entire State as an object lesson to farmers to show the result of using a good stallion on good sized mares. Not everybody can have a stable of pure breds, but they can have some much better grades.

Guernsey cattle were shown by Mr. Westmoreland Davis and Mr. H. T. Harrison. The former exhibited his three imported herd bulls, while the latter showed his herd bull and some well bred young stuff, get of his bull.

The sheep department was a creditable one. Mr. W. A.' Harper had a good pen of Shropshires; Mr. Berkeley Ward

Percheron Stallions on Exhibition at Loudoun Heavy Draft Show.

showed Cheviots; while Mr. Westmoreland Davis exhibited a bunch of Dorsets, in which were included two imported ram lambs, winners at the Royal show, in England. These two were the best lambs we have ever seen of any breed. Duroc Jersey swine were exhibited by Mr. Berkeley

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885

Ward; and large White Yorkshires, by Mr. Westmoreland Davis.

The farm products department was an exceedingly good one. There were some fifty odd entries of wheat, corn, oats, rye and potatoes.

The butter contest was a very spirited one, about twenty

Buff Rocks, Buff Cochin Bantams; Mary E. Berry, Hern-don, White Rodks, Partridge Wyandottes; W. P. Gibson, Leesburg, White Rocks, Buff Cochin Bantams; Hutchison & Heitmueller, Herndon, White Wyandottes, S. C. Buff Orpingtons; A. H. Buell, Herndon, White Wyandottes; H. A. Sager, Herndon, Columbian Wyandottes, S. C. White

Guernsey Bull, Golden Knight of Rosendale, and four of his get—owned by H. T. Harrison, Rock Spring Farm—on

exhibition at the Loudoun Heavy Draft Show. 1

ladies competing. Mrs. R. D. Bridges, of Leesburg, landed the blue ribbon; also a special prize of $5.00 offered by the Southern Planter.

The poultry department was a good one, notwithstanding the unseasonable time for exhibiting birds. Twenty-two exhibitors showed nineteen different breeds.

For a strictly county show the exhibition was certainly most creditable. It was just such a show as could and should be held in practically every county in the State. This is especially true of the counties that hold annual horse shows. There is no reason why an agricultural department could not be added to these horse shows, and made a decided success. After a while the public will tire somewhat of seeing a string of horses go from county seat to county seat, year in and year out, and we offer the foregoing as a tip to horse show managers in order to keep up the interest and patronage of the farmer.

We regret that lack of space prevents our publishing all the prizewinners in the various classes, but we give below the names of exhibitors.

Heavy Draft Horses—G. W. Atwell, J. R. Beuchler, D. E. Brown, R. D. Bridges, J. C. Carr, J. W. Cummins & Son, A. M. Chichester, Jr., J. F. Dunlop, Westmoreland Davis, H. H. Edmundson, T. M. Fendall, R. H. Gray, G. L. Hoffman, M. A. Ish, F. M. Love, A. E. Logan, C. J. C. Maffet, J. T. Myers, C. E. Norman, Rogers Bros., J. H. Shumate, Shumate & Logan, W. L. Simpson, S. C Tillet, Trundell Bros., Berkeley Ward, Wildman & Havener, H. C. Rogers.

Poultry—G. C. Wire, Paeonian Springs, Barred Plymouth

Rocks; H. J. Hoge, Hamilton, Barred Plymouth Rocks; G.

W. James, Hamilton, Barred Plymouth Rocks; Jefferson

Poultry Yards, Leesburg, Barred Plymouth Rocks; M. K.

Stroud, Herndon, Barred Plymouth Rocks, S. C. White

Leghorns; J. L. Moffet, Herndon, Barred Plymouth Rocks;

L. L. Dawson, Leesburg, Barred Plymouth Rocks, S. C.

White Leghorns, Black Orpingtons; A. H. Kirk, Herndon,

Leghorns; Edward McKinley, Paxson, Columbian, Wyandottes, Black Wyandottes; D. J. Hoge & Sons, Lincoln, Black Langshans; W. M. McNair, Herndon, S. C. White Leghorns; W. N. Wise, Jr., Leesburg, S. C. White Leg horns, Fit Games; J. E. Wilkins, Herndon, Black Minor-cas, Black Sumatras; N. B. Warner, Hamilton, Black Min-orcas, Black Sumatras, Cornish Indian Games, White Indian Games; White Exhibition Games; Ish Myers, Lees-

Imported Dorset Ram Lambs, winners at the Royal Show in England—on Exhibition at Loudoun Heavy Draft Show i—Owned by Mr. Westmoreland Davis.

burg, Buff Cochins Bantams; A. M. Chichester, 3rd, Leesburg, Game Bantams.

Potatoes—B. Ward, S. A. Laycock, J. H. Havenner, H. L. Jenkins, J. T. Myers, M. Kirkpatrick, B. C. Pearson, James Kirkpatrick, Chas. Binns, Tebbs.

Wheat—W. A. Harper, W. A. Hughes, Geo. W. Holmes, Ish Myers, S. C. Rust.

Rye—J. C. Carr, M. H. Myers. Corn—Ish Myers, J. E. Warner, S. C. Rust.

Oats—J. H. Havenner, James F. Dunlop, H. H. E*-mundson.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

The Poultry Yard.

POULTRY NOTES.

This month is, comparatively, a month of rest for the business poultryman. It is the best season of the entire year for real study and observation. We can now see the results of our season's mating in the young stock produced. Note carefully and honestly just what you have accomplished. If you are breeding for eggs you will have many early hatched pullets laying while some of the same clutch or brood will not be doing anything except consuming their rations. Some will be large, perfect specimens of the type desired, while others from the same mating will be small and off in color or shape. Why?

The fancier mates his birds for certain desirable points, and raises many to maturity in the hope that a very small per cent, of them may prove to be extra fine specimens. If he gets Ave per cent, of good ones he is delighted. The culls are sent to the block, and these few full brothers and sisters are fitted for the show-room. Next year he hopes to get ten per cent, of good ones, and this hope, this ambition buoys him on from year to year, and results in the marvelous development of some particular trait or characteristic.

I have studied birds of many kinds in their native haunts, their natural conditions, their natural tendencies of mating and environment, and I see very little rever ; sion and practically nothing of what we call "sport" or the freak. Something unlike the parent to any great degree.

In wild, or jungle fowls, such as quail, pheasant, turkeys, ducks, geese, etc., we see the same size, shape, color of plumage, the same marking and penciling the same carriage, and even the same call and note, or tone. Listen to Bob White, and note the exact similarity of the shrill note; then compare it with the various tones or keys of the ten or twenty cockbirds in your flock of pure-bred Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes, or Leghorns. No two alike. We can tell by the tone which one of our favorites is crowing. Take a flock of quail, for instance, of twenty or thirty birds, and score them as we do our best-bred flocks of fowls, and see how many will show disqualifications in form or feather. The same is true of all the wild fowls and birds. EVery one is like every other one. Why?

These fowls and birds have been in-breeding, line breeding, since the creation, and no cross breeding has ever been done, with the result that the breed and type is fixed, and environment in nature makes no difference. The Bob White of Virginia is identical with the Bob White of Indiana and California.

It is the effort of man to produce new types, new breeds, and to change the natural tendency of the fowl that is responsible for the changed character of the progeny of the cross breeding. We seek to change the nature of the fowl as well as the type, the color and the habit. We see that in nature the fowls have a season for mating, laying and reproduction. In the spring we find them mated to perpetuate their kind, and only in the spring; while with our domestic fowls we cross-breed to produce new breeds, improved strains, and by artificial means

change the natural procreative tendency to suit our purpose, and the result is degeneration, loss of vigor and reversion. This is particularly noticeable in some of the tri-colored varieties, such as the Partridge and Silver Wyandottes. This rich, distinct penciling is very difficult to produce, and yet maintain the true Wyandotte shape, owing to the fact that this is doubtless inherited by them from their Partridge Cochin and Dark Brahma parentage or crosses.

The question naturally arises then, Have we really gained anything by making these crosses to produce these fancy feathers. Are some of these varieties any better than the pure stock or breeds from which they were produced.

The Brahmas and Cochins still hold first place for size and hardihood among the large breeds, and the small breeds, especially the Leghorns excel as egg producers.

We read about the 200 and 275 egg-laying Rocks, the great winter records of the Brahmas, but when we yard these same strains, and keep careful records of their performances, we find it impossible to make them prove their claim. These large breeds are good winter layers under favorable conditions, but the fact still remains undisputed by actual record tests that they cannot make good for the twelve months. There may be a few individual hens that have records approaching these figures, but no flocks of any size. Then, when we speak of egg production we mean the general average of the flocks of the various breeds kept for egg production in the average way. It is not so much what a hen can be made to do in the hands of an expert, as it is what a farm flock of fifty or one hundred hens will do with average care and feed. This is what we want to know.

There are too many theorists in the poultry business. Too many men that have a few hens, and give them good care during the natural laying season, keep a record of eggs laid during one month, the best month perhaps, then multiply this record by twelve, and thus establish, or make a record for the year. This is like the man with the good cow. He weighed her milk one day, and she gave forty pounds. Then he proceded to figure. He could milk her ten months, or 300 days; hence, she gave 12,000 pounds of milk, or 1,500 gallons. He related the story to a neighbor who rather doubted the "record." He called his wife as witness, and said to her, "Fanny, how many pounds of milk did old Spot give us last year? " She replied, "I really don't know. You weighed her milk one of her best days, and she gave us forty pounds."

It is quite true, as Mr. Cowles says, "Some men have more truths to tell than others," and when we give hen records let us "tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," as the lawyers say. Did It ever occur to the reader that the lawyers do not want witnesses to tell the whole truth, and will not allow them to do so fully as often as not, in every case; in fact, one or the other side will object to a witness, telling the whole truth. They want only what is favorable to their side of the case, and will fight like pirates to compel the witness to perjure himself. I do not say that it is impossible to

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7

take a few hens, extra good layers and make them lay over 20'0 eggs per year, but I do say that in actual practice with a flock, this mark is very much above the average. Some horses can trot a mile in two minutes, but can they trot 100 miles in 200 minutes?

Some years ago a man in Illinois reported a yield of 350 bushels of corn per acre on forty acres. The claim was investigated, and this is how he did it: He found a hill of corn containing two stalks, each stalk had three ears, the six ears weighed nine pounds; then he did the trick with his pencil thusly: This hill occupied sixteen square feet of soil. One acre contains 43,560 square feet. This gave him 2,722% hills per acre. Nine pounds per acre gave him 24,502% pounds per acre. Seventy pounds per bushel gave him 350 bushels, and two and a half pounds per acre. Marvelous! what crops figures do make!

Some men reason clearly enough, but they do not allow for "missing hills." A landlord in a mountain village, in Kentucky, had a guest, and in the morning the guest inquired the amount of his bill. The landlord asked him what he thought his income should amount to per month, to which the guest promptly replied, $100.00 per month." "I fear," said the landlord, "that you are rather high in your estimate." "No, I think that amount would be very reasonable," replied the guest. "Well," said the landlord, "then I will be compelled to charge you $200.00, for you are the only guest I have had in two months."

I have had much experience with the large breeds, and I know that where one has several hundred Brahmas, Cochins, Rocks, Langshans, or Orpingtons, it is necessary during March, April, May and June to have a good sized yard and house in which to confine broody hens, and I have had as high as twenty per cent, of my yearling hens in this lot for days at a time, and if I did not pay close attention to this part of the business I would very soon have them all employed by the firm of Doolittle & Set.

These breeds are good fowls, and I do not see how we could do without them, but let us call a fish a fish, and not call them all suckers. Some fish are suckers, but all fish are not suckers. CAL. HUSSELMAN.

HATCHING WITH HENS—A SEASON'S RECORD.

Editor Southern Planter:

The question of successful hatching is a vital one in poultry raising, though successful brooding is more difficult. The small poultry keeper must usually depend on the hen and the more extensive breeder thinks he must have machinery.

As your readers know, we are just developing a small flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks, which we have been breeding exclusively for twenty-three years, to the limit of profit on a farm of ninety-five acres, about half wooded land, and on which the available force is a single hired man, colored, five girls ranging from three to twelve, and a boy of five. The writer puts in some night work with setting hens and in the fight with lice, also an occasional day in the work on fixtures. The hired man has not given much time to chickens thus far.

We cannot afford to buy incubators for children of these ages to operate, so we have purchased this season about forty setting hens from neighbors, and have used them in coops especially made for the purpose. We have kept a record of all eggs set and of all chicks taken from

the nests. The record of infertile eggs and eggs broken is too incomplete to be of value, and in some cases many chicks were crushed in the nests by restles hens. At least three hens sickened on the nests during the season and entire losses of sittings resulted.

From March 28th to August 19th, inclusive, we set a total of 1,670 eggs, from which we put in the coops 1,110 chicks. Some of these chicks were hatched for another branch of our family, but the record of hatching is for all eggs set and all chicks taken off. The difference of 560 eggs represents all the infertile, all the spoiled, all the chicks crushed in the nests, and all eggs eaten by hens, as well as the nests deserted. This is a percentage of 66.4 chicks in the coop, for every 100 eggs set. Few small operators will do as well with a machine through so long a season, and, if left to the management of children to the extent the hens were, the results would be disastrous.

Now, notice some of the handicaps under which this was done. We used several hens three to five years old and over fat as breeding stock, resulting in some very poor hatches early in the season. We were shipping many eggs for hatching and often set for ourselves those slightly misshapen, which we would not ship. Also, we shipped the freshest and often set ourselves the older eggs of two or three weeks' laying. Many of the midsummer chicks were hatched in coops out in the sun when the temperature in the shade was 99 degrees. Many of these gasped away their lives or were killed by hens which could not sit still in such discomfort. Last of all, nearly all the hens were moved a mile before sitting, and, of course, put under the care of strangers, and a majority of them were kept sitting for six weeks and several for nine weeks—hatching three broods before being taken from the sitting yard.

If we should give separately the record for the eggs from our pullets mated with cockerels from the Maine Experiment Station strain, we would make a very much better showing, but we are giving the gross results for old and young stock without any exception or elimination. We had so few hens from which to build our large flock that we kept them laying and bought sitters. These sitters have been nearly all sold and will bring as much as they cost.

We have over 300 pullets, of which 200 should be laying by January, and a few of the older ones in November. We have sold already either on the market (culls) or for breeders 117, have colonized 50 first-class cockerels in a house by themselves, and have 40 younger males, making 90, all too good to kill, which we will save a while to fill orders for breeders and to select from for our own use next season. All the chicks now havje free range of woods and grass land and an unlimited supply of wheat from which to help themselves. Thus we are growing large frames and vigorous birds not over-fat nor unduly forced. We will be satisfied if the pullets lay at seven months.

With a sufficient number of females so that no old hens need be used as breeders, and to enable us to use our own sitters, I see no reason why we should not make a better hatching record another season, but this experience proves the feasibility of raising chicks in comparatively large numbers, without machinery or expensive fixtures. , W. A. SHERMAN, Vienna, Va.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK

[October,

The Horse.

NOTES. By W. J. Carter (Broad Rock).

With two harness races and four running and steeplechase events daily, the speed program of the Virginia State Fair and race-meeting should furnish a lot of sport during the week of October 5th-10th, at Richmond, as during that time our capital city will be the Mecca of attraction for many thousands of out of town visitors, while the home contingent will also be interested to a degree far and away beyond the ordinary.

The show will go on night and day, with attractions numerous and varied, which have been provided by General Manager Mark R. Lloyd, who has been with the Fair Association since its inception, and to the creative genius of this young man's fertile brain we are indebted for the pleasant anticipation of witnessing the splendid exhibition of Virginia's vast agricultural and mineral products. But reverting to the races, purses of $500 each are offered for two harness races each day, one for trotters and the other for pacers, with three flat races and one steeplechase event. For the cross-country events the purses are $400 and $300 each are offered for the flat races.

With these liberal offerings, applying especially to the running events, the most useful class of horses ever seen in Virginia are pretty sure to be in evidence, and that interesting contests will result is not to be doubted.

The stakes for three-year-old and 2:27 classes, trotting and 2:27 and 2:18 classes, pacing: and the open purses

for the 2:25, 2:14 and free-for-all trot and pace and 2:30 2:22 and 2:16 classes, trotting, as well as for the running events, all closed with a goodly number of entries.

Both the harness and flat races will prove interesting, but to many the steeple chase events furnish spectacular features that render them far more attractive than most other forms of sport, and to this department of the speed program Chairman J. T. Anderson, of the race committee, was instrumental in framing conditions and bestowing appropriate names on the Idlewild Steeplechase, for four-year-olds and upward, distance about two miles, to be run on Monday, October 5th; the Virginia State Fair Steeplechase, for hunters duly qualified under the National Steeplechase, rules distance about two and a quarter miles, to be run on Tuesday, October 6th, the Commonwealth Steeplechase, for four-year-olds and upward, distance about two miles, to be run on Wednesday, October 7th; the Jefferson Hotel Steeplechase, for five-year-olds and upward, distance about two and a half miles, for hunters duly qualified under the National Hunt and Steeplechase Association rules, for Thursday, October 8th. For Friday, October 9th, is the steeplechase for four-year-olds and upward, non-winners at the meeting, distance about two miles.

For Saturday, the closing day, automobile races will be held, and a fitting program, provided for the occasion will likely furnish pleasure and diversion galore for those interested in that form of sport.

A loyal friend ever of the high-bred horse, though

skilled in the treatment of all classes, few veterinarians have been more uniformly successful or have become more generally liked by patrons and others than Dr. Fraser A. Smith, who came to Richmond as a graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College some years since and settled here. Dr. Smith comes from a family seemingly with a special gift for veterinary science, as indicated by the success of his uncles, Drs. J. R. and B. W. Hagyard, who have attained fame in the great Blue Grass region of Kentucky, one of the best known horse-breeding districts in the world. The Hagyards have been in charge of some of the prominent studs in America, including those of J. B. Haggin, the late Marcus Daly and others. Dr. Smith is a busy man these fine autumn days and usually his time is pretty well taken up, but at that the fancier of fine dogs and horses will likely find him an entertaining conversationalist, though thoroughly ostentatious, when the opportunity occurs to drop by his office, hospital and stables, on South 10th Street, right in the heart of Richmond.

Dr. J. C. Walton, for years located at Reidsville, N. C, and later also well-known as medical director at The Mecklenburg, Chase City, Va., but now with offices in this city, has sold to North Carolina parties the bay mare, Carolina Bel, who can trot around 2:15 on a half-mile track, by Lynne Bel, 2:10 1-4, dam Princess of Ridgefield. by Prince Belmont; a chestnut filly, 2, by Kelly, dam Princess of Ridgefield; a couple of fine saddle horses and a matched pair of handsome Welsh ponies. This disposal in no wise indicates that the genial Doctor, who has hosts of friends both in Virginia and North Carolina, has lost his fancy for high class horse flesh, but increased professional duties take up more of his time than formerly. Dr. Walton's new offices, hydriatic institute and sanitarium, with a modern system of therapeutic baths, as formulated by Baruch, are in the new Murphy Hotel Annex, corner 8th and Grace Streets, Richmond, and later he will most likely again enter the ranks of owners by purchasing other well-bred trotters and fine saddlers. During the past decade or so Dr. Walton's private stabler have sheltered well bred trotters and pacers like Lucy Ashby. 2:21%; Miss Walton, 2:23%; Sisterina, 2:29%, and others without records, some of which have found favor both in this country and across the water. %

The recent auction sale of Shetland ponies at Alamance Farm, Graham, N. C, the propeity of N. Banks Hjlt, was quite a success, as evidenced by the fact chat eigluy-nine head, some of which were registered and others half trotting bred, along with a couple of young trotting geldings, brought $9,188, an average of over $100 each. Prices ranged from $40 for a diminutive, weakly weanling to $175 for choice brood mares and stallions. The trotting geldings were sired by Gregorian, 2:29 3-4 and Giles Me-bane, 2:16 3-4, a pony son of the ex-champion pacing stallion, John R. Gentry, 2:00 1-2, who formerly headed the Alamance Stud. A number of the ponies disposed of

.1908.]

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were also sired by Giles Mebane, but even those though larger than demanded by the standard, brought good prices, as the sale was largely, attended and bidding brisk throughout. Among the attendants from this city were E. A. Saunders, Jr., Harry 'J. Beattie and Carl Nolting, who secured a car load, among them being some of the choicest offerings of the sale in the way of brood mares. Mr. Saunders shipped his lot to his fine .Tames Fiver farms and Mr. Nolting to his breeding establishment at Louisa, Va., while Mr. Beattie's purchases joined the herd at Woodlawn Farm, near Richmond.

DRAFT HORSES—THEIR PROFITABLE BREEDING

IN VIRGINIA. (Address by Mr. Westmoreland Davis, of Loudoun county,

■Va., at the Farmers* Institute, held at Richmond, Va.!

August 5, 1908.)

It gives me pleasure to be with you to-day. Such a gathering of Virginia farmers is a good omen for the future. The Virginian of history has always been distinguished as a soldier and as a patriot, and investigation leads me to attribute his high character, and robustness of principle to the fact that he has been the product of a civilization, which has had much to do with matters agricultural.

In the past few years when the craze for rapid accumulation of great fortunes bade fair to strain our very national existence the influence of the farmer has been a great solace to those students of the times who, though fearful of the future, were hopeful; fancying that they saw in their communities which had neither the mind for overproduction nor the mad desire for speculation the salvation of the country. And they were right.

In this agricultural class belongs the State of Virginia It is true we have a wealth of coal and of minerals These, however, have an elusive value, as they are limited in supply, and they will be exhausted in their verv exploitation.

The West, once .the El Dorado of the ambitious, is now paying the penalty for the persistent robbing of her fertile lands. Her folly is proving our opportunity

The soil of our State is an asset of untold value With it we can supply our needs, market a large surplus and still by judicious and scientific management add to our holdings.

The Virginia of to-day is entering upon an era of agricultural prosperity. The listless. I may say hopeless

r^A^^ haS S6en a neW ***■ ™* hTs be come the bustling, energetic man of affairs of to-day No

onger is he content with the old conditions and methods for he is steadily mastering and applying along agricultural lines what scientific research has brought to Ms aid No work more worthy of the best efforts of an ambi-iou S people ever offered, than that which is presented to he Virginian of to-day. The r e babilitation of our country from the effects of a ruthless war, and its natural consequences, and the conservation of the fertility of our

IT^ l g J, eU JUdg6d IineS ' iS no mean Problem. That such rehabilitation and conservation is necessary to our material wealth and progress has now become axiomatic; and this result cannot be better attained than by the breeding and rearing of live-stock by our f&rmers.

Of the various kinds of stock available foi this purpose none has greater claims to your favorable consideration than the draught horse.

Virginia from earliest times has been the home of the thoroughbred, and of the offshoots of this royal breed. Our horses have often seemed to us to be among our noblest and most trusted friends.

The draught horse, as he is known to-day, is a newcomer among us. His work has not been that which earned a fortune in minutes, and begot the plaudits and enthusiasm of the multitude breathlessly awaiting the outcome of his short but magnificent effort, but his docility, his reliability and his great usefulness has made for him fast friends and admirers among us.

With labor ever growing in scarcity and likewise advancing in price, the careful farmer of to-day, who would operate successfully under our new conditions must needs adopt such means as will increase his production, by either the use of improved machinery or processes and at the same time decrease his outlay

What modern invention has done for the farmer in the grain field, the scientific and careful breeder of draught horses has likewise done for him in the field of power and locomotion. The two-horse team of our modern progressive farmer hauls as much and more than did the four-horse team of times gone by, and eats less by half.

Our geographical position lends itself to the breeding of draught horses in Virginia. With climate Li our favor and the great centers of population not far removed, success awaits every intelligent effort.

All of the pure breeds are good. Each 2:as its place, and naturally some, under certain circumstances, are to be preferred to the others. Although myself a breeder of draught horses, I hold no brief for any particular breed. Any pure-bred stallion in your midst, if he be sound and sure, will do immeasurable good. Especially is this the case if his advent means the withdrawal of an inferior animal, which to your detriment has been perpetuating his deficiencies in soundness and conformation.

Of the various breeds of draught horses I may here speak briefly. In America we have no breed of draught horses which may be called distinctly our own. We have been content without government aid, through individual effort, to introduce the breeds which have been perfected in other countries. From Great Britain we have brought the old English cart-horse, better known as the Shire, the Clydesdale and the Suffolk Punch. From France the Per-cheron, and what is known as the French draughter; while from Belgium we have the massive animal to which that country has lent its name. There are heavy horses both in Germany and in Holland, and various other heavy breeds in the countries mentioned, but we have so little to do with them here that time forbids my touching upon them.

Without going into great detail, I do not think that the several breeds can, as to their important characteristics be better described than has been done by Prof. Rommel, Animal Husbandman of the Bureau of Animal Industry, at Washington, in a recent official bulletin:

"Percheron and French draught horses are most common in the country, and have been here longest. They are also the most popular breed among farmers. Their particular points of value are their activity, strength, com-

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE

[" October,

pactness, clean legs and good feet. They have no especially weak points, but sometimes are light in bone. The Clydesdales, the famous breed of Scotland, are most popular in Canada and the Northwest, although they can be found in nearly all parts of the country. They have remarkable action, are very well bred, handsome and attain great weight. The grades of Clydesdale stallions from native mares do not appear to be so good as Percheron grades, sometimes being very light in the body and bone. The feather on the legs of the Clydesdales is also an objection in the minds of some. Shires bear the same relation to English farming that Clydesdales do to that of Scotland. They are heavier-bodied than the Clydesdales, have more bone, less quality and more feather. The Belgians are probably the largest of the Draught breeds. Their grades have not yet figured very prominently on the market, as the breed has been introduced only a few years. They have massive bodies, but tend to have rather short necks, coarse legs and poo/ feet. It is fair to say that the breed has shown much improvement in America during the last two years, especially in the quality of the legs and feet."

I may add to the foregoing that, in my opinion, the Suffolk Punch will prove most useful as a sire of ordinary farm horses. His uniform chestnut color may be somewhat against him, but his cleanness of limb, his compactness of body and his general sturdiness of appearance and nature render him available to cross with our smaller native mares who would hardly do well with the larger specimens of the more massive breeds.

I will not tire you with further details in regard to these breeds, save so far as may be desirable, in the course of these remarks, to refer to them or their characteristics by way of illustration. It is only necessary to glance over the pages of American and foreign live stock journals, whose advertising sheets set forth the virtues of the special lines of breeding offered for sale by firms and individuals, to satisfy onesself that the draught horse of to-day is not only from a scientific, but from a pecuniary standpoint, an industrial problem.

Only a short while ago there appeared in a Chicago paper the announcement that a pair of grade draft geldings sold there at auction for $900. These geldings were produced no doubt at a very little greater cost than would have been necessary to have marketed a pair of steevv of high class. The price had for the geldings shows how much greater comparatively the profit is in favor of the breeder of draught horses.

The magnitude of the draught horse business in the United States may be better comprehended when we note that annually about two thousand stallions pass into this country through our ports of entry, and the greater part of these are draught stallions imported by dealers to be sold to our farmers at prices ranging from $1,500' to $5,000.

So far, I am sorry to say, Virginia has had little part in this great traffic. Some of our enterprising farmers, with a laudable desire to improve their stock, have unwisely paid tribute to the Western dealer through the formation of companies by the latter, for the sale of ofttimes unsatisfactory stallions at exhorbitant prices.

Necessary to the breeding of heavy draughters, and,

indeed, to any improvement of our native stock along lines necessary for agricultural purposes, is the ownership of a stallion. No matter whether one purpose to breed, or to lend the horse to the service of the community, a purebred registered stallion should by all means be secured. In the former case this, of course, is a necessity; in the latter, the purchasers will well be repaid by the prestige which the breeding of the horse will give to him, and by the high class of colts begotten.

Of course, your stallion must be secured under ordinary circumstances by purchase in this country or abroad.

If one does not care to become the sole owner of a stallion, it is well to join with others, and to send a responsible man who understands his business to visit the various breeders at their homes, as well as such of the dealers as are of high standing. By this means a wide field of selection will be had and comparative prices secured. The purchase by farmers through companies, started for the purpose of selling a horse at a large figure, frequently induced by the payment of large commissions to some of the parties interested, is to be avoided.

The importation of a stallion has many advantages, but some drawbacks as well. While there are those who believe to the contrary, I am satisfied that one can do no better than to seek in the country of its origin, for the best type of the breed which may be selected. There would be found families who, for generations have devoted themselves to the development of a type, and whose hearts as well as pecuniary interests are, and have been from the beginning, in their work. The drawbacks seem greater than they really are. The long journey with its expense and risks, the difference in language and methods of business create for some a seeming insurmountable barrier. In these days, however, of speedy locomotion, with its immense volume of travel, there are few places where the English language is not spoken, and the ordinary American is quite able to take care of himself anywhere in a business transaction. I reckon to add to the cost of each animal imported about $100.00 for the cost of importation and insurance from Le Havre in France, the point of departure, to any point in Virginia.

Whether one purchase at home or abroad commodious horse cars and magnificent steamers specially designed for the transportation of live stock are to be had, and should certainly be utilized.

Having decided upon the breed, and whether to purchase at home or abroad, one now comes to the most important point of all, the selection of the animal himself.

I am not going to tell a gathering of Virginia farmers how to examine a horse. The services of a skilled veterinarian are always to be had, and should be called upon where an expensive animal is to be purchased, and taken upon a long journey to a new home.

Of one thing, however, it may be well to remind you; that the principal weaknesses of the draft breeds are to be found in their legs and feet, and that a stallion deficient in the soundness of his legs or fee, should not be used for stud purposes under any circumstances.

Another though: Much depends upon the locality in which the new stallion is to be used. If farmers have mares weighing from 1,800 to 2,000' pounds each, it will be well to secure a stallion of a ton weight, provided the

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weight is not obtained at the expense of good flat bone, and sound legs and feet.'

For the production from our native mares of farm horses weighing from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds, I should recommend a stallion weighing in the neighborhood of from 1,600 to 1,800. He, too, should be absolutely sound along the lines above mentioned.

I am quite aware that this question of the weight of a stallion to be used is full of difficulty, and has given rise to much discussion.

Reared, as I have been, in the school of the Virginia thoroughbred, and of the hunter, I have long since been of the opinion that weight per se gives neither strength nor endurance.

The value of an animal for commerce, save in the exceptional cases, where enormous weight overcomes the inertia of some large body, and draws it at an exceptionally slow pace, lies in its availability for ordinary agricultural purposes as well as for the demands of what I may term the city cart trade. In addition to size, these pursuits require in an animal plenty of action as well as endurance, and these qualities are seldom to be found in the exaggerated specimens of the several breeds.

A stallion shown in the same form in which he had triumphed at Nogent Le Retrou, the premier show of France would stand little chance in the shows of our Western States, where to secure approbation he must be fattened, until to the eye of the ordinary horseman, he has lost the beautiful points of the horse, and has entered into the weight class of the steer and hog.

Many of our farmers who have acquired such fattened monstrosities have learned to their cost when they have put their new purchase upon the road, that they had bought a gold brick; an animal which was without endurance, and oftimes without the powers of procreation. One thing is certain, and that is that our position as. breeders of heavy draft animals in Virginia will never be upon a satisfactory basis until farmers bring themselves to see the great advantages which will accrue to them of securing by purchase in this country, or by importation, pure-bred mares.

The ownership of a stallion of any of the pure breeds will do great good, but without the pure-bred mares we shall constantly be compelled to have recourse at great cost to other States, and other countries, for sires.

As I have pointed out, these stallions at three years old command large prices, and can be produced just as well in Virginia as in the corn belt from which now they chiefly come. As fine draught horses can be grown in our limestone and blue grass regions as in any part of the world.

Every farmer in our State should own one or two purebred mares. They would prove not only an interest, but a profitable investment. With them he could do much if not all of his farm work, and their colts would be very valuable. I use my Percherons for all classes of farm work, and in all weather without damage to them. (To be Continued.)

Now, if Mr. Lewis will read my article again, he will find that I did not say that the Suffolk Punch was the best draught horse on earth, but instead, I stated that I thought it the horse best adapted to the farm in this State. Nevertheless, inasmuch as Mr. Lewis wants to lose a pair of good Percheron mares, and having no Suf-folks here of my own, I am instructed to say, by one who has, that if Mr. Lewis will add a couple of thousand to his wager (on the side) he will be taken up at once.

I do not, as a rule, either make or take wagers, but this thing can be easily arranged. Anything of this kind on our part will call for considerable expense in moving these Suffolks some 1,500 miles, as these mares weigh from 1,800 to 2,100 pounds each. Mr. Lewis asks the question as to what price a pair of Suffolks would bring at the age he states? I will say that I can assure him that they will, in any case, bring as much as any Percheron in existence.

Now again, as regards the pampering, etc., this is too well known to need comment, as anyone can find out if he cares to look up the history of the Percheron.

The horses used in Havre (to which Mr. Lewis referred) for draft purposes, are what are known as French draft, and would not be received for registry in the American stud book. I have used horses in every part of the world where a white man has been, but have none for sale now; but I do assert, and as I believe, will be proved later, that the Suffolk Punch is the best all-round horse on earth, and better than the Percheron in any and every way.

I beg to turn Mr. Lewis over to a man who has the horses and the money to lose, and I am ready to add a little to go with it with all due respect to Mr. Lewis and his Percherons. M.

THE SUFFOLK PUNCH AND THE PERCHERON.

Editor Southern Planter;

I failed to reply to the article of Mr. Lewis, in the August Planter, owing to being from home.

VIRGINIA FRUIT GROWERS' AND PACKERS' ASSOCIATION.

We are glad to learn from the manager of this association, recently organized, that it has got to work and is already being employed by growers to pack and assort their crops. The indications already are that the association will handle several thousand barrels of apples this season. Handlers of apples who decline to buy direct from growers are already placing orders with the association at prices in advance of those being offered to growers, thus showing that they appreciate the advantages which a reliable packing association offers in enabling them to secure just -what they want. The association has prepared and issued specifications for grading apples, instructions to packers, and advice to growers as to packing. These can be had by applying to Mr. T. W. Woollen, of Crozet, Va., the manager of the association, and it will pay growers to obtain these and act upon them.

Asparagus growers have been generally pleased, the past season with Palmetto and Argenteuil. These two varieties are thought to be more resistant to rust than the old and better known varieties as Columbian and Colossal.

For weevils in peas and beans fumigate with carbon bisulphide. This chemical can be purchased of any druggist and full directions for use accompany it.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

Miscellaneous.

VIRGINIA STATE FAIR, RICHMOND, OPENS OCTOBER FIFTH.

By the time that this issue of the Southern Planter has been received by its patrons, the opening day of the Virginia State Fair—Monday, October 5th—will be close at hand. The interest that is being manifested throughout Virginia and other States of the South guarantees that

The Fair, in addition to the exhibition features, provides high class entertainments for its visitors, consisting of racing events, horse shows, fine band concerts, free vaudeville, and will present at great expense some extraordinary attractions in Strobel's Airship, Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show, the spectacular and highly realistic production of the Battle of Port Arthur, and a daz-

the real, practical value of the exposition will be even zling display of fireworks at night. The fair will be

greater than in 190t3 and 1907. The Virginia State Fair open day and night, and the State Fair Association

has taken its place as the leading agricultural and in has arranged for the present sons and daughters of Vir-

dustrial exhibition in the South, and among the best in ginia exhibits and entertainment features, for their profit

the United States. Already, after only two years of experience, it compares favorably with the oldest established institutions of the kind in this country.

From the very first, progressiveness and a determination to give the people they serve the best possible value has marked the work of the Virginia State Fair Association, an organization composed of leading men, with a practical farmer in the Hon. Henry C. Stuart, of Russell county, at the head. It is a State institution in every sense, having as its sole object the exploiting of the wonderful resources of Virginia, and the encouragement of her people to take advantage of them. Of the $35,000 offered as premiums more than two-thirds will be awarded to the farmers, stockmen, and planters for live stock and farm products exhibited at the fair. For that reason the Virginia State Fair should be heartily patronized. Those who do not have anything to exhibit, or find it inconvenient to send anything, should at least honor the fair with their presence, and take advantage of the opportunity to see and learn much that will prove to their future benefit. Properly conducted annual expositions of this kind are true mirrors of the greatness of the respective commonwealths they represent, and are now universally recognized as such.

The most important feature of the Virginia State Fair is that it makes the "Old Dominion" widely known, and affords former residents, who have gone to make their homes elsewhere, a chance to get together annually for mutual profit and pleasure. For that reason the first I day of the fair has been designated as "Home-Comers' Day," so that Virginians who have drifted away can return, and by starting in with the first day enjoy all the pleasures of a real "home-coming week." The city of Richmond will keep open house—and open heart—for the wanderers who want to come home and talk over old times.

Decided improvements have been made for the Virginia State Fair of 1908, and the people of Virginia, and of sister States will have presented at Richmond for their study and inspection an immense exhibition of the fruits of the soil, of finely bred live stock, of manufactured goods, of products of the household and the deft handiwork of farmers' wives and daughters. In every class, particular attention has been devoted to Virginia-owned exhibits, and some of the departments, such as farm products, have contests that are open only to residents of this State, though in live stock and poultry the Virginia State Fair invites the competition of the world.

and pleasure, unequalled at any fair in the South, and unsurpassed anywhere in the country. Every reader of the Southern Planter should make it a point to attend at least one day. i'uarsdaj-, October 8th, will be Farmers' Day, and the next day live stock sales will take place at different pavilions on the grounds, in which all fprmers will find much to interest them.

PROFITABLE FARMING IN SOUTHSIDE VIRGINIA. (PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY.)

Editor Southern Planter;

Mr. H. A. Stokes, one of the leading and most success-farmers of Southside Virginia left the Confederate service at the close of the Civil War, his earthly possessions, consisting of a well-worn Confederate jacket, a pair of soleless shoes, and frazzled pants. He returned to the home of his father, the late Col. Henry Stokes, who owned a plantation of 1,100 acres on Bush river, in the county of Prince Edward. Without money, without team, save such as could be picked up from the passing armies, with crude farming implements, and with demoralized labor, he began work on his fathers farm. With a courage born of battle, and with a spirit of self-sacrifice

which he learned on the march, he has prosecuted the work from then until now, and with marvelous success. His father before him was a good farmer, and having great reverence for him and great respect for the fathers of the past, he did not go about in search of new methods, though he has kept his eyes wide open, and has been quick to catch on to the methods of modern-day farming. At the death of his father, which occurred some years ago, he continued to occupy the ancestral home, and is the owner of 400 acres of the original tract which he is now cultivating, and year by year is making much larger crops than his father made on the 1,100 acres,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

893

though he had at his beck and bidding seventy-five negroes. Mr. Stokes is cultivating this season 200,000 hills of dark tobacco, and though he is a prince of tobacco raisers, he thinks this one of the best crops he ever grew. His wheat crop this season was not up to the average, though he made some 500 bushels, has cut thirty tons of choice hay, and but for the recent freshet, he expected to have gathered 400 barrels (2,000 bushels) of corn, and is still hoping for 30'0 barrels (1,500 bushels. In addition to these standard crops, he will butcher 6,000 pounds of meat, and as he knows how to cure it in the approved Virginia style, he will command fancy prices in market. And in addition to all this, he cultivates large truck patches of potatoes, peas, beans, &c. Some years since, I visited the home of Mr. Stokes soon after he had purchased some acres to straighten his lines, and the added acres he designated as his "old field." On a recent visit, I found him in the same "old field" with his force of hands busy cutting one of the best crops of tobacco I ever saw growing in Southside Virginia.

With pardonable pride and pleasing satisfaction he called my attention critically to leaf after leaf, remarking as he did, so, "This is as good as I care to raise, and if I am as successful in curing as I have been in growing, and this I hope to be, when it reaches the market the most careful buyer will not be able to find fault with it." I did not get Mr. Stokes to give his estimate of the value of the crops raised, and to be raised, on the farm this season, and I will not venture to do so myself, though all those at all familiar with the value of such products will know that it will amount to a good round sum of money. I would also add that the profits on the capital invested are as large as can be possibly made in any other section of the country where general farming is practiced.

Mr. T. O. Sandy, in the adjoining county of Nottoway, is making a brilliant success as a farmer and confines his operations to the cultivation of the grasses and corn, while Mr. Stokes may be designated as a tobacco specialist, not that he does not grow all other crops that are peculiar to this section of Virginia, but tobacco is his pet. He confesses that it is the most exacting on mind and muscle of all the crops known to man, and yet he has found it profitable, and actually loves to work with the "winsome weed." He is the earnest advocate of homemade manure and from barn-yard, stable, cowpens and hog lots hauls out immense quantities each season, and adds to this the highest grades of commercial fertilizers to be bought in the market. Nor does he neglect to give to his lands freely of peas and clover. None of his fields are allowed to remain exposed to the hot sunshine or the driving rains. He expects much of his soil, and gives much to it in return. Of course, the farm of such a farmer is well fenced, and he has on it large numbers of cattle, hogs and sheep. He has not yielded to the general craze of being induced to sell his standing timber even at fancy prices,, and still owns some sixty acres of original growth hardwood, and here his hogs range and fatten for the slaughter without the feeding of much corn. He has often told me that when the acorn crop was a full one his hogs would rather turn their noses up when offered corn. Before killing time, however, he does pen them, and finishes the fattening process with the free

feeding of corn. It would be interesting to know just what this sixty acres have been worth to him in the past forty and more years. That he was w\sz not to sell is beyond question. Though the busiest of all busy farmers, Mr. Stokes keeps his pack of fast-running dogs, and is devoted to a hot chase, and is generally in at the "catch." And, then, he is a broad-minded, public-spirited, patriotic citizen, who reads the papers, the best works on farming, and keeps in closest touch with passing events . Such is the high esteem in which he is held by those who know him well, and such their confidence in his knowledge of finance as well a? of farming that for a number of years he has been president of the Planters' Bank, at Farmville, one of the leading financial institutions of Southside Virginia. The young mci of Virginia who will read the history of such a life, which has been lived on a Virginia farm, will be convinced that it is not necessary to "go West" to make fortune or fame. While thus living and thus succeeding he has been breathing the purest air, drinking the purest water, enjoying the best of health and social, educational and .'9 1 igious advantages as good as can be had in any portion of our common country, and never knew nor feared the touch of a tornado.

R. B. BERKELEY.

FARMERS' INSTITUTE AT THE TEST FARM OF THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SAXE, VA.

On August 29th, there was held at the Test Farm of the Department of Agriculture and Immigration, in Charlotte county, a well attended and important farmers' institute. The subjects discussed and the speakers were as follows:

Stock Raising, by Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, State Veterinarian; Tobacco Raising, by Mr. E. H. Mathewson, tobacco expert of the United States Department of Agriculture; The Bright Future for Agriculture, by Mr. J. M. Barker, chairman of the Test Farm Committee; Good Roads, by Captain P. St. J. Wilson, State Highway Commissioner; The Test Farm, by Dr. E. W. Magruder, State Chemist, and director of the test farm. Hon. B. D. Adams, member of the Test Farm Committee, presented, on behalf of that committee, a plan of co-operation between the Test Farm Committee and the County of Charlotte. The plan is fallows:

PLAN OF CO-OPERATION BETWEEN THE TEST FAEM COMMITTEE

AND THE COUNTY OF CHARLOTTE FOE THE CONDUCT

OF THE TEST FAEM.

Whereas, the Test Farm Committee, appointed by the Board of Agriculture of the State of Virginia to look after the management of the test farm, located in Charlotte county, Va., deem that the test farm can be made more useful and beneficial to the County of Charlotte and to the State of Virginia by securing the assistance and advice of the people of Charlotte county;

Therefore, the said Test Farm Committee makes the following proposals to the County of Charlotte:

First. That there shall be an advisory committee, composed of one member from each magisterial district of Charlotte county, to be appointed by the Board of Supervisors of said county for a term of four years, except that the terms of three members first appointed shall expire on December the 31st, 1910, and the terms of the other

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

"October,

three members first appointed shall expire on December 31, 1912.

Second. That it shall be the duty of the said committee to meet at the Test farm twice a year, or oftener, if found necessary, with the Test Farm Committee, and director and manager of the said test farm, and after a thorough study of the said farm, advise with the Test Farm Committee as to the best methods of conducting the said farm, so that the greatest possible benefit may be derived therefrom.

Third. That the function of the Advisory Committee shall be purely advisory.

In discussing the plan, Mr. Adams said that by means of this Advisory Committee it was hoped that better results would be obtained at the Test farm, and that the people would be brought in close touch with what was being done there, and thus derive more benefits from the experiments there conducted. The meeting recommended the adoption of this plan by the county, and it is hoped that the supervisors will take the necessary steps to put it into operation at once. All present were well pleased, as was manifest by the close attention given the speakers, and by the number of questions asked by those present. They also expressed themselves as being well pleased with the appearance of the farm and the experiments being conducted; and they were especially pleased with the plan of co-operation as offered by the committee, and felt that the management was doing all that it could to make the farm as useful and beneficial to all as possible, and that much brighter prospects were in store for the farm and the county. M.

FARMING IN FAIRFAX COUNTY, VA.

Editor Southern Planter;

Owing to press of work, I am a little late for your columns this month; but promise better in the future.

Fairfax county is well supplied with big red apples. Every farm of any size or importance, and also most of the little ones, seem to have an abundance of apples and pears. Just now, there is a glut in the pear market, and by sending a few miles away we are able to purchase all we need at the low price of thirty cents per bushel, or twenty-five cents per bushel if we take as many as ten bushels.

I have driven over large portions of the county recently, and have noted with much pleasure the large crop of big red apples—Ben Uavis and Winesaps principally.

The weather for* the past thirty days has been very favorable to the development of the late corn, and that crop is coming on finely, and will be highly appreciated by our farmers, especially by those who are now paying ninety-five cents per bushel for corn.

Fairfax counfy is pretty well supplied with organizations among the farmers, there being at least three such. The oldest being the Woodlawn Farmers' Club, which holds monthly sessions, and has had a continuous existence for more than forty years. This organization was formed very soon after the close of the Civil War, among the farmers in the near vicinity to Mt. Vernon; in fact, several of the members own and occupy and till portions of the original Mt. Vernon estate.

The name of the Club was taken from the historical

Woodlawn estate, in Fairfax county. This estate originally comprised 2,000 acres, and was willed by Washington to his adopted daughter, Nellie Custis. I made application for membership in this historic farmer's club, and upon getting in touch with the members thereof was very much surprised to find that nearly every member was either born north of Mason and Dixon's line, or came of Northern parentage.

This means that almost all of that portion of the county has passed from the hands of the descendants of the original owners into the hands of Northern and Western owners. The principal or leading industry of the members of the club, as far as I could learn in the brief visit was, or is dairying. The milk is sent to Washington. Nearly every dairyman has a silo.

I purpose getting in touch with the other organizations of farmers in the county, and shall be glad to send the Planter brief articles respecting the same.

I may mention of the Woodlawn Club this fact. The wives of the members also have an organization. While the gentlemen meet to discuss the agricultural questions of the day, the wives and daughters meet at the same time and place to discuss "Home Economics," and, what is quite interesting, prepare a supper. The meetings are held monthly at or very near the "full moon," and are held in the afternoon, at the houses of the different members.

This social feature works well. It gives the farmers a half holiday once a month; brings the leading farmers of the section together, to compare notes, discuss current agricultural questions; and it also gives the ladies a chance to keep the homes to the fr^nt—to keep the homes up with the farms.

I feel highly favored and honored in belonging to such an organization, and unless prohibited by the members thereof shall take pleasure in sending to the Planter from time to time, a brief account of the "doings" of the club, together with any other facts, figures and features which I may be able to secure relating to the agricultural development of this very interesting portion of the Old Dominion.

A. JEFFERS.

THE VIRGINIA STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.

The Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association is an organization not only calculated to be of great benefit to the veterinarians practicing in the State of Virginia, but it is also of benefit to the stock owners and to the State at large.

In the first place the Association not only makes a standard by which the veterinarians of the State are judged, but it also tends to keep the men in the profession from lagging behind in their work, and thus losing interest in the same. Again, when an individual wants to employ a veterinarian to inspect valuable live stock /which he wishes to purchase, he feels that when he employs a member of the State Association that he is getting a man who is known to be well qualified for the work; or else he would not be an active member of the Association. Thus, the fact of being a member in good standing is of great benefit to the individual practitioner.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

895

While the Association is of benefit to the man in active practice, for reasons above stated, at the same time the Association is really dependent upon the veterinarians who are in active daily practice for its support, from the standpoint of gaining practical information. No address at a meeting is so interesting as the one we hear from a practitioner, when he is telling just what he has done and the results of his work, by citing a case which he

DE.S. C. NEFF. DR. W. 0. CHRISMAN.

has just had in his practice. No paper is quite so attractive as the one which is illustrated by examples of actual work, giving the results in full. For such valuable .information the Association must look to the man who is in active practice.

The Association is growing rapidly in strength, as measured by members and influence, and as a consequence of this numbers of the young men of the State are turning their attention to the profession of veterinary science yearly, and are graduating and becoming members of the organization. While we are indeed glad to have persons out of the State come in and work with us, we are also delighted to note the intense interest which the native Virginia boys are taking in this important profession. The writer receives numbers of letters every year asking his opinion of the profession of veterinary science as a calling for a Virginia boy to follow, etc. It goes without saying that where he has cause to believe the individual in question will be likely to make a success, the writer always encourages the boys to study veterinary science.

It affords the writer pleasure to call attention to the fact that the president and secretary of the Association are both not only young men born and raised in Virginia, but they are both very successful practitioners. Dr. S. C. Neff, the efficient president, enjoys a splendid practice in the vicinity of Staunton, and in the fertile Valley of Virginia; while our most worthy secretary, Dr. W. G. Chrisman, practices in the City of Charlottesville, Va., and the county adjacent thereto.

At the meeting held in Norfolk last July, the attend-

ance was not only large, but the members were all active in the discussions, and delighted with the growth of the Association.

Next January we expect to meet in Richmond, and are looking forward to the best meeting, and certainly the largest attendance in the history of the Association.

There are now in the State quite a number of young men who have just started out in the profession, and it is hoped and believed that they will one and all make it a rule from the very beginning to attend the meetings of the Association.

The General Assembly saw fit at the last session to enact that no one can practice veterinary medicine or surgery in the State of Virginia as a veterinarian and receive compensation for the same, until he has satisfactorily passed the examination which is given by the State Board of Veterinary Examiners.

The Virginia State Veterinary Medical Association appreciates this support of the General Assembly, and it is the intention of the organization to do all in its power to make the veterinarians in Virginia as good men as can be had in the profession. We are one and all justly proud of Virginia. May the Old Dominion see cause in the future to be proud of her veterinary association.

J. G. FERNEYHOUGH, State Veterinarian.

BIRD BAROMETER.

Editor Southern Planter;

Do birds have any foreknowledge of an approaching storm, or do they give any reliable sign of an approaching storm? The robin, the red-bird and the "raincrow" are the common birds that are found on almost every farm. It is a common saying "Look out for rain, I hear the red bird saying, 'Wet here, wet here,' or that 'I heard the raincrow, it is going to rain." I have myself noticed the robins, and they seem to nearly always foretell the coming of a rain; or, at least, of an electrical disturbance. When you see robins sitting up high on housetops or dead trees in the middle of the day singing in a sort of funeral fashion rain will follow in about twelve hours. The other two, viz.: the raincrow and the red-bird seem to smell it nearly twenty-four hours ahead. A close observer of these birds can pretty safely regulate his hay-making. I have known them to be more reliable than the government forecast, or even the barometer. I have staked the birds against both this and last summer, and the birds have almost universally won. Not that it would come a downpour of rain every time, but the very distinct electrical disturbances would be along and the threats for the downpour would be in evidence. If this is true is there any cause for it? Do the birds know anything about it?

A man, Joe Burris, saw some geese flopping along on the ground and acting as though they were enjoying a swim. "Look," says Joe, "it is going to rain, Mr. Andrews, see them geese." "Hell almighty! Joe Burris, do you think a goose knows more than a white man? It is not a matter of knowledge on the part of the bird or even animal for that matter. It is my belief that it is the impression that the animal gets from the forerunning electric currents. These currents are not perceptible

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October.

co us unless we may have corns or rheumatism. We often hear the man with either of these say, "Falling weather, I can feel it in my etc." On this basis I account for the fact that birds do prognosticate the coming iiorm. Certainly the robin especially has his morning j.nd evening song, but the rain song is mostly given in :he big of the day, and if you observe, you will learn ;nat it is different from his matin, or vespers. He will iit still and look in the direction from which the storm 7ill come, and as though he had lost a friend or a peck *i worms, at least. When you see him and hear him 'ioing this take my advice and hustle the hay, notwithstanding the fact that the weather report may say "fair." i: will cost you nothing to take notice.

ielma, Ohio. I. F. RAUDABAUGH.

ALFALFA IN THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

In Hoard's Dairyman of May 22d, page 474, I have read an article calling attention to the fact that Mr. R. E. jmyth, of Sherman, Texas, has fourteen hundred acre^ jf alfalfa, and is consequently alfalfa king of the world.

I beg to differ on this point, and have the pleasure of giving you some data respecting alfalfa in the Argentine .■iepublic. General Julio A. Roca, twice president of the Republic, has the following estates under alfalfa, that I .mow of, he has several other estates of which I cannot jive the amount sown:

On Estancia La Larga Guamini, Province Buenos Ayes, "wenty-three leagues alfalfa; on Estancia La Igualda, "rovince Cordoba, three leagues alfalfa; on Estancia La Paz, Providence Cordoba, two leagues alfalfa; on Estancia >,anta Clara, Province Cordoba, two leagues alfalfa. As .nere are 6,400 acres, more or less, in a league, this land-jRTier alone has 192,000' acres.

Messrs. Salaberry, Labor and Bercetche have three es-".ancias in Cordoba, of a joint extent of twenty-nine .eagues, of which at least fifteen are put down with alfalfa.

La Germania Estancia Land Co. have eighteen leagues ai Alberdi, Province of Buenos Ayres, all or nearly all at which has been put under alfalfa. As far back as 1896 Doctor Jorge Attucha had already put down seven leagues on his El Pelado Estancia at Colon, Province Buenos Ayres. As for ourselves, we have much more than ten times as much as Mr. Smyth, of Texas, and we are not working on a large scale. This winter we are putting down three-fourths of a league. Hoard's Dairyman.

T. J. McKEON.

her babies, when she gave the alarm. All the babies except two scampered to cover. She walked over to those two and pecked them on their heads severely, and when she gave the second alarm they, too, obeyed. Never a hawk was in sight, she was evidently giving a drill. The same thing happened next day.

Somebody else has said they are the most "bidable" chickens that ever were. To put it in a nutshell then, R. C. R. I. Reds have beauty, health, strength and intelligence, as well as size.

Please tell me how best to care for a crop of sunflowers. The English sparrows have commenced on them even now, before ripe. LOUISE V. SPENCER.

Nottoway Co., Va.

Cut off the heads with a small piece of the stalk attached, as soon as they begin to ripen, and hang up to ripen out in an airy dry shed.—Ed.

RHODE ISLAND REDS.

Editor Southern Planter;

Referring to my remarks, published in The Planter, one lady said to me, "You did not tell anything about the uncommon smartness of the Reds, nor what fine talkers they are."

Now, it is a fact they "peep" when babies different 'rom other chickens, and do seem to try to tell you things. "My Lady Pocahontas," a Red beauty, lived as •lid her ancestors, in a city backyard, never seeing nor bearing a bird of prey. In course of time "My Lady" lad a flock of beauties herself, and she bore herself proudly, clucking and feeding them, and, guarding them :rom all harm. One morning she was on the lawn with

Pair Dorset Ewes—State Test Farm, Saxe, Va.

Never before have the problems of the farmer received so much attention as at present. President Roosevelt has named a commission looking to the improvement of farm life; a commission is taking an inventory of our natural resources with a view to preserving our natural resources; on every hand there is evidence of an awakening to the importance of the farmer, to the fact that our wealth is based on the soil and that we must improve our methods in farming if we would maintain our supremacy. Rightly, Rural New Yorker says:

"Farming of the future will depend upon the skill those who follow us show in saving what is now wasted. In Europe there are farms which have been under cultivation for more than 1,000 years. They were originally much poorer than the average American soil, yet they have been farmed so skillfully that to-day they produce great crops. Along the Atlantic coast there are farms which have grown more than 250 annual crops. They were originally light and poor, yet, by the skillful use of chemicals and green crops, they would produce more corn, grass or potatoes per acre than the naturally rich lands of the West. It is true that the past generation has wasted the fertility of Western lands. The thing for the next generation to do is to save the wastes and restore the land."

At the South, where winter rains are excessive and the ground is seldom frozen, nearly all fertilizers are more economically applied in the spring.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

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ADVERTISING RATES Will be furnished on application.

The SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to subscribers in the United States, Mexico and island possessions at 60 cents per annum; all foreign countries, %$; the city of Richmond and Canada, 76 cents.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to this office, either by Registered Letter or Money Order, which will be at our risk. When made otherwise we cannot be responsible.

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PUBLISHERS' NOTES. TO ADVERTISERS. Please bear In mind that we moat have all copy or Instructions for advertisements by the 25th of each month without fall. Every month we are compelled to omit advertising in large volumes for the simple reason that copy does not reach us in time.

A NEAT BINDER. If you will send 30 cents to our business office, we will send you a neat binder made of substantial Bristol Board, In which you can preserve aa entire volume of the Southern Planter. Many of our readers And these a useful device, as they always save their copies for reference.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

The Youth's Companion has an announcement on another page, to which attention is invited.

The Page Woven Wire Fence Co. starts the season's advertising this month.

O. H. Berry & Co., the Richmond clothiers, resume their advertising with this issue.

The Milne Mfg. Co. is advertising its well known stump puller this month.

Miller & Rhoads, the largest mailorder house in the South, have an announcement on another page. They would like to send their new catalogue to our lady readers particularly.

The Enterprise Mfg Co. have a prominent announcement in this issue, to which attention is invited.

Montgomery, Ward & Co. have a prominent announcement in this issue, to which attention is asked.

Mr. W. S. Gooch, Virginia representative of the Macmillan Co., has an advertisement of rural books in this issue.

Maj. A. R. Venable, Jr., has several advertisements in this number, which should interest our dairymen and poultrymen.

Myer & Son are selling out Aberdeen Angus cattle and Hackney horses.

The annual reduction sale of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute is announced on another page.

Some finely bred Shorthorn cattle are advertised by Mr. R. R. Smith.

The Virginia Berkshire Association announces the public sale of Berk-shires at the Virginia State Fair.

The Century Mfg. Co. has an advertisement in another column, which should interest farmers.

makes not only one of the largest-yielding and best winter feed and forage crops you can giow, but is also one of the best of soil-improvers, adding more nitrogen to the soil than any 1 other winter crop.

Wood's Descriptive Fall Catalogue gives full information about this valuable crop; also ~}about all other

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THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

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MARKET GARDENING. While the average yield per acre of vegetables in the United States during the past ten years was $42.09, in Queen's county, New York, the average for the same period was $140.00. Large as these figures attained in the Empire State may seem, they pale, however, when compared with the market gardens around Paris, where the average annual yield amounts to $1,000 an acre. Intensive gardening pays, and it appears that we yet have something that we can learn from our brothers in Sunny France.

Don't forget that the time is quickly approaching when you snould leave your farming implements out in the open where the elements may get to work to give the tools an antique appearance.

FOREST EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

The United States Forest Service has just perfected plans by which forest experiment stations will soon be established in a number of the national forest States of the West. What the agricultural experiment stations have done for the improvement of the farms of the country, it is expected these forest stations will do for the development of American forests. As a first step in this work, an experiment (station has already been established on the "Vj^onine National Forest, in the Southwest, with headquarters at Flagstaff, Ariz. Stations in other national forests will be established later, and it is the intention ultimately to have at least one experiment station in each of the agricultural regions of the West.

One of the most important parts of the work of the new experiment stations will be the maintenance of model forests, typical of the region. These areas will furnish the most valuable and instructive object lessons for the public in general, for professional foresters, lumbermen, and owners of forest land, and especially to the technical and administrative officers of the national forests.

FLYING MACHINES AND THE WEATHER BUREAU.

The eyes of the country, and, in fact, these of the entire world have been centered on the experiments in aernautical propulsion at Fort Myer, Va„ across the Potomac river, from the national capital, where the United States army has been conducting tests of airships and dirigibles. The wonderful success of the Wright aircraft in remaining in the air longer than any similar heavier-than-air craft, until the deplorable accident which resulted in the death of a lieutenant of the signal corps, and the maiming of the inventor, Orville Wright, was due, to a great extent, to the careful study which the Wright Brothers paid to air currents and the force and stress of atmos-

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THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

899

pheric pressure. Early in the experiments conducted by the Daytonians, a letter was written to the United States Weather Bureau, asking for the name of the windiest spot in the country. As an outcome of the correspondence Kill Devil Hill, N. C, was selected by the experimenters where first the gliding machine and later the aeroplane were given thorough tests until a manageable craft was perfected. The accident at Fort Myer on Thursday, as stated by the army officers stationed there, was not due to any incorrect plans, but to faulty construction. Every day before making an ascension, Orville Wright placed himself in communication with the United States Weather Bureau to learn the prospects for a successful flight, and the advice of the officials stationed there was always accepted without question.

POTATO SCAB CONTKOL.

The potato scab disease has been pretty thoroughly studied by potato specialists. This well-known malady is the result of a fungus infestation which also causes scab on beets. Its germs occur in great numbers on scabby potatoes, and may cling to the surface of smooth tubers. Much of the loss from scab is directly due to the use of Infected seed.

When the fungus is not present in the soil a clean crop is assured if clean seed is used. It is cheaper to abandon potato growing upon badly infected soil for a time than otherwise to combat the pest. Chemical disinfection of soil is not effective enough to warrant the cost. Seed potatoes can be effectively disinfected either by soaking one and a half hours in a solution made by dissolving one ounce of corrosive sublimate in seven gallons of water; or by soaking two hours in a solution made by diluting one-half pint of formalin with fifteen gallons of water.

DISEASES OF FOWLS, EGGBOTJND.

Sometimes a hen is unable to lay her egg, which blocks up the passage from the oviduct. Unless she is relieved, the result must be fatal sooner or later. A hen so affected will be seen to visit the nest repeatedly without result, and will show general distress, with a depression of the wings aid tail. The stoppage may be the result of contraction of the egg passage, or an abnormally large egg. If the latter, the remedy is easy; but -when the former is the cause, then the matter is more serious. For large eggs, which can be discovered by an examination of the bird, the vent should be softened by salad oil, followed by an injection of the same, if not relieved within an hour. Great care must be taken hi handling or making an injection, for if the egg be broken the result will probably be fatal. Benefit has been derived also from the holding

The 52 issues of 1909 will give for $1.75 as much good reading as twenty 400-page books of fiction, travel, biography, etc., costing ordinarily $1.50 each.

THE CONTENTS WILL INCLUDE = ==

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THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

BARGAUVS IN

2nd Hand Machinery*

THE WATT PLOW COMPANY, Richmond, Va. 1—15 H. P. (8x10 cylinder) Pitts Engine and boiler. Mounted on Steel Wheels.

1—No. 1 Lane Saw Mill with Richmond Iron Works Peed, 48-inch inserted Tooth Saw and all necessary belts. In first-class order.

1—No. 3. Fnrqahar Cable Feed Saw

Mill with three Head Blocks and

50-inch Inserted Tooth Saw. As good as new.

1—« H. P. Peerless Engine and Boiler on wheels.

1—20 H. P. Gelser Engine and Boiler on wheels in first class condition.

1—15 H. P. Geiser Engine and Boiler on wheels in good condition.

1—No. 1 American Saw Mill with saw and belts as good as new.

1—2nd hand American Combined Lath Mill and Bolter; in first-class condition; used three or four months.

1—25 H. P. Talbot Boiler on Sills.

1—25 H. P. Nagle Detached Engine, both in good condition.

■inch, 4-sided Molder.

—ALSO—

1—48-inch Inserted Tooth Simonds Saw.

We invite your correspondence and will gladly give any information de-aired.

THE WATT PLOW CO.,

1426 E. Main St., Richmond, Va,

/fynmijh&terEreimAeri,

A constant supply for as many purposes on your place as you desire. No trouble, no expense when you have installed a

RIFE HYDRAULIC RAM

Pumps water from spring, stream or

Dnd automatically. Inexpensive,

simple, reliable. Satisfaction

Guaranteed. Raises water 30

feet for every foot of falL

7.000 in use.

Write For Free Plans and book of valuable suggestions.

RIFE ENGINE CO.

ISTrlaitrBldg. r Voi ■

Ncif York

HARNESS

By Mail

You can buy enstom-mado r oak.tanned harness direct f von our factory at wholesale prices ou save two profits—ttie jobber's and dealer's, write for onr new illustrated catalogue and see for yourself just bow much money you can save. All our harness is guaranteed, and we leave you to be the judge. If you're not. satisfied, money hack. Every farmer should have our booklet. Write to-day and ask for catalogue O.

THE KING HARNESS CO., 16 l.ukcSt., Owi'iro. TIobii <'».. N. V.

of the bird above a jug of hot water, nllowing the steam to enter the vent. Contraction of the vent is generally accompanied by inflammation, either the cause or the result of the contraction. This can be discerned by heat of the part, and feverishness ol the bird. As an internal remedy homeopathic tincture of aconite should be given. The vent and surroundings also should be fomented with a weak solution of aconite.

AN ENEMY TO THE SPARROW.

Word comes from far away Australia of the presence of a number of large birds, blue in color, with black heads, which are very destructive to sparrows. In fact, since the arrival of these aerial cannibals, sparrows have been practically unknown in the districts affected. One farmer who resides in a portion jf the continent states that "since the advent of the strange birds there is net a sparrow left about the place, and there were hundreds there before. While they enjoyed eating grasshoppers, they were death to the sparrow. Other birds did not seem to be frightened with them. They are quick on the wing, and when flying spread out their tails like pigeons."

A specimen of the sparrow destroyer was sent to the Department of Australia for identification. It is the Ground Cuckoo-Shrike (Pteropodocys phasianella). It is about the size of a small pigeon, but more slender; total length from tip of bill to end of tail, fourteen inches. Commonly, they make use of their legs a good deal, and do not resort to flying except in an emergency. Insects are the chief food, and no reports were received of their doing any damage.

If sparrow destroying is a fixed habit with this bird, and if after investigation by our own officials, it is found that it will do no harm to agriculture, it might be well to introduce it into our cities and towns to at least keep down the sparrow pest. But progress along this line ought to be a little slow until it is demonstrated clearly that we are not introducing one pest to get rid of one of lesser degree.

FISH AS FERTILIZER FOR POTATOES.

Among the French-Canadian farmers in the vicinity of Quebec, herring and a species of small fat fish are used in great quantities as fertilizer for potatoes. Along the banks of the St. Lawrence river at frequent intervals fish weirs are constructed, and in the month of May, principally, immense quantities of these fish are caught. The farmers come from all directions with their wagons, which have a capacity of about 1,200 pounds each, and purchase their supply direct from the fishermen at fifty cents per load. Preparatory to plowing the land is fairly well covered

SECOND HAND

GASOLINE ENGINES

24 Horsepower Charter Stationary Gasoline Engine, complete with battery, gasoline tank, etc.

Price S550.00

Used only about one month. 8 Horsepower Brown Stationary Gasoline engine, complete. Used about four months.

Price S250.00

4% Horsepower Fairbanks-Morse Pumping Engine for deep well work.

Price $175.OO

Used two or three years, but has been put in first-class condition.

2 Horsepower Sterling, In first-class condition. Completely overhauled.

Price $100. OO

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL COMPANY.

DEPARTMENT B. RICHMOND, - VA.

MAKE YOUR OWN REPAIRS

Save the money you pay t'^e harness m<~ by using Myers' Lock Stitch Awl. It stitches both sides like a sewing- machine and mends harness, saddles, shoes, fur coats, robes, c.'invas, gloves, carpets, etc., perfectly. Something- constantly needed, always ready for use and costs only $1.00 p-cpaid. If your dealer hasn't it write us direct. Ht-Uer still, secure the agency and make money. Agents wanted. Booklet Efree.

C.A. MYERS CO., 6537 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago

De LOACH

VA to 200 H. P.

CTXTTCS

m

Steam, Gasoline and Water Power

Planers, Shingle Mills and Corn Mills.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT.

Send for Catalogue.

DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co.. Bridgeport, Ala.

Box 265

Please mention the Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

902

LOOK*

AT THIS PRICE *P

It buys a Strictly High-Class

SEWING MACHINE

FREIGHT (REPAID

TO YOUR, Station

GUARANTEED |Q YEARS

And has all the up-to-date Improvements that every lady appreciates. It Is splendidly built of thoroug-hly dependable material and handsomely finished. Has elegant Oak Drop Leaf 6-Drawer Cabinet, complete Set of Attachments, full instructions how to use them, and the outfit will be sent you "Freight Free" on

90 DAYS FREE TRIAL

We sell DIRECT at ONE PROFIT, saving- you the Jobber's, Retailer's and Agent's profits and selling expenses, & exactly the same machine they will ask you $30.00 for. Send at ONCE for OUR, BIG NEW FREE

SEWING MACHINE CATALOGUE

Most complete and instructive book of its character ever published in the South. It pictures and describes every part and particular of the greatest line of positively High-Grade Sewing; Machines ever offered. We are the largest Sewing Machine distributors in the South, and, at prices asked, for qualify guaranteed, our Machines are un-mac-chable. This catalogue describes and prices high-grade Pianos, Organs, Steel Ranges, Cooking Stoves, Heating Stoves, Phonographs, Dinner and Toilet Sets. Prompt shipments, safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed, or your money back,

MALSBY, SHIPP & CO.,

Dept. 14 41 S. Forsyth Street, ATLANTA, GEORCIA

DEDERICKS

§ a H|ig M ■

Presses

The most carefully-selected material; the latest improvements; expert workmanship and supervision throughout theirmaking,ex-plain the unapproached superiority of Dederick's Baling Presses.

Famous for their speed and unusual

capacity, their neat work and remarkable

endurance. Presses for all purposes.

Catalog giving full information free.

P. K. DEDERICK'S SONS. 55 Tivou St

Aliant. N. Y.

"Fli" Hay Press.1

»*_-■ I f. HORSE and BELT M

■■■■ ■ ■■ POWER. t/'MW

38 styles and sizes ol Presses.

For many years the stand ard. Lead in character of work, speed, easy and safe operating.. Don't buy until you Seethe Eli catalogue. Mailed free. Write for it today.

JD0LL1NS PLOW CO., 1185 Hampshire St., Qulncy. Ills.

PIANOS

Slightly used Steinways; 1909Model Lyon & Healys; and other remarkable Bargains. Lyon & Healy, SO Adams St., Chicago. World's Largest Music House

Our Great Re-Building Sale is Now in Progress!

Please mention the Southern Planter.

with the fish, and then turned in. The seed potato is cut so as to retain two well formed eyes, and the pieces are dropped into the furrows. The more careful planter will place a fish between tiie pieces. The work of planting is mostly done by women and boys, labor-saving machinery, such as the potato planter and digger being unknown.

GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL.

A SAILOR'S CHRISTENING.

"The late Bishop Potter once in his early days had occasion to officiate at a christening in a small fishing village on the Massachusetts coast," says a writer in the current issue of Harper's Weekly. "The proud father, a young fisherman, awkwardly holding his first-born daughter, was visibly embarrassed under the scrutiny of the many eyes in the congregation, and his nervousness was not decreased by the sudden wailing of the infant as they stood at the font.

"When the time for the baptism of the babe arrived the Bishop noticed that the father was holding the child so that its fat little legs pointed toward the font.

" 'Turn her this way,' he whispered, but the father was too disconcerted to hear or understand.

" 'Turn her feet around,' the Bishop whispered again; but still there was no response. The situation was fast becoming critical, when an ancient mariner in the back of the church came to the rescue. Putting his weather-beaten hand to his mouth he roared across the room, 'Head her up to the wind, Jack!'"

GET THESE BOOKS ON FERTILIZING AND BIGGER CROPS.

Write to the American Harrow Co., of Detroit, and get their literature free on fertilizing for bigger crops including their catalogues about Standard American Manure Spreaders and their famous Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrows.

Find out how one man with an American Spreader saves half the time and expense and spreads manure properly for bigger crops than is possible by hand. Get all facts on the fertilizing subject prepared by the best authorities. Just say that you are a reader of this paper to get free either or both catalogues on the American Manure Spreader and Detroit Tongueless Disc Harrow. Also, most liberal thirty days test offer and price proposition for these highest nuality machines, which come within the range of every practical man's pocketbook and needs. Address today the American Harrow Co., 1621 Hastings St., Detroit, Mich.

Pittsylvania Co., Va„ Apl. 30, '08. I am always glad to get the Southern Planter. R. T. SMITH.

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say that

the best investmentthey ever made was

when they bought an

Electric Ha tf ag .n

tow wheels, wide tir«s; easy work, light draft. We'll sell you a set, Of the best eteel wheela made for your old wagon. Spoke united with fcub. guaranteed not to break nor work loose, fiend for our catalogue and save money* ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 14a .Qiilnoy.ltL

Farmers' Handy Wagon

Absolutely the best wagon built for every kind of farm work, and the cheapest you can buy. It is low down, has wide steel wheels and wide tires, and will last a lifetime without repairs. Can be depended upon to haul any kind of a load. Guaranteed In every respect.

STEEL WHEELS

Tor farm wagons— iny size to fit any ixle. Send for our Tree booklet before

you buy a wagon or a set of wheela.

EMPIRE MFG. CO., Box 140 AH.

Qulncy, 111.

*iET\L, MOTHERS.

Complete Fireproof Hatching and Brooding Plant for $7.SO; two quarts of oil will hatch and breod tha chicks. Our nest aya-tem is the latest dia-covery. Full Una of p ou 11 r y supplies. Lo-west prices. Frea ataiogue. Write to-day.

CYCLE HATCHER CO., Box 4fl». Elmtra. N«-w York.

lake Your Own Fertilizer

at Small Cost witn WILSON'S PHOSPHATE M1UI From 1 to to HP. Alsottoaa Cutters band and povai

for the poultrymeo grit and shell mill*, farm fee* mills, family grist mills,

scrap cake mllla. Seodfoi

our catalog. ,

wiisra eras,, Son- Mrs.. Casta, ft

THE DIXIE PEA HULLER.

Hulls and cleans 5 to 6 bushels peas per hour. Does not break the peas. Has two Cranks, sieve and seed box. Runs light, well built, never breaks. Get Our Special Quota-

'» tions for Quick Orders. ■ & SANDERS MFG., Co., ■=>*• Dalton, Ga.

ENQINE3 FOR SALE.

Ten horse traction $250; 10 horse portable, $150; 12 horse portable. $200; 6 horse boiler and engine, $90; 1 horse gasoline engine, $40; 3 horse, $60; 6 horse, $125; 10 horse, $175. Boilers and engines from 1 to 100 horse carried In stock for immediate shipment. Casey Boiler Works, Springfield, Ohio.

Wheels. Freight Paid $8 75

for 4 Kugg; » ti.t -lv Steel lire, on. Wi.u Itubber Tiros, $15.20. I in:.'. «""• '- H 10 * in. tread. Rubber TireTiiu Bliltiri".$41; HarneM.$5. Writ* for catalog. Learn how to buy dl-ppf. Impair Wheals, $6.60. Wagon Uuibre.la MILK. W.V,BOObi'i»'i»n«i|l»-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

Tornado

F< ed and

ENSIt A6E CUTTER

For the

Preparation

of all kinds

of Feed. in various sizes to meet demands of all and either with or without.

TraT*II«g Feed Table, Carrier or Blower mounted or unmounted. Also equipped with Interchangeable cylinders, making It possible to reduce corn, rye, oats, hay, alfalfa, etc., to any desired state. Write for our new catalogue, containing Information concerning silage and silage equipments. If Interested we will quote lowest possible prices upon both TORNADO Silo and Silo Filler. Manufactured by W. R. HARRISON * CO., Masalllon, O.

The "Jubilee Year"

A Quarter-Century of Unparalleled Success

Pa<*e Fence is the Pioneer—the oldest woven wire fence on the market. Twenty-five years of test prove the supremacy of Page Woven Wire Fence in tensile strength, elasticity durability and economy. Over 800,000 farmers, | stockmen, dairymen and poultrymen use and praise it. The Government uses Pa»e Fence as the highest standard of quality. The first Page Fence sold is still in service—never has needed repairs. The Page Fence we are selling today is vastly better. It is a genuine High-Carbon. Basic Open-Hearth, Steel Wire Fence. Money cannot buy better. Send for a free copy of the "Jubilee Edition" of the Page Catalog,

Page Woven Wire Fence Co., Box A61 Adrian, Mich.

HaS

THE NEW CENTURY GATE

»an be opened or closed from -rr^r-

your wagon by small child.rrr-./il!'!' :! '.

No springs, no hinges, no cast % -ji.ljll | jjj jjj UJfip jsiS ' ings, no cog-wheels, no woBd, *3: ™ij~rjr.'CrY no saging. no draging. So sim- 1\','—1~~ -^— j-^i. pie, so easy, no harness and almost no machinery; nothing to wear out or break, nothing to be getting out of fix. Not affected by drifting or deep snow, sleet or ice. Always ready for uso and will last a life-time. A model of simplicity, durability and cheapness. If there is no Agent in your locality, please write New Century Steel, Wire S Iron Works,

«02 S. REGISTER ST. BALTIMORE. MD

ALW&

MANLOVE

o Automatic Gate

m Saves time, adds "j« to value, safety, beauty and pleasure of home. MANLOVE GATE CO., 272 E. Huron St.. CHICAGO, ILLS.

Id** LAWN FENCE

Many designs. Cheap wood. 82 page Catalogue free. Special Prices to Churches and Cemeteries. Coiled Spring Fence Co, Box Q Winchester Ind.

DON'T RUST FARM FENCE

Sold direct to farmers at manufacturers' prices. Catalogue free. Freight prepaid.

THE WARD FENCE CO. Bo* 852 Decatur, Ind.

PLANET JR. «SSJ s —

S. I* Allen * Co., Box 1107X, Phlla-ftelBkla.

FARMING LANDS DAMAGED MORE THAN A MILLION DOLLARS. The recent heavy rains have not only done an enormous amount of damage to crops, bridges, roads and railroads, but, according to an estimate made by State Forester, W. W. Ashe, the upland farming lands of the Piedmont section' have sustained a loss from washing of more than a million dollars, the damage being heaviest in those sections where the country is most hilly and where the rainfall was most concentrated.

These estimates, which are based on the amount of soil in the water of the rivers, as shown from previous records of floods of about the same height, indicate that more than 1,500,-000 tons of soil were washed from the Piedmont region of North Carolina during the wet week, more than 500,000 tons from the farms of Northern Georgia; 700,000 tons from upper South Carolina, and 400,000 tons from the hills of Virginia.

Analyses have shown that more than one-third of the earth which causes the muddiness of the rivers during the freshets is humus, which is undoubtedly washed chiefly from the farms. At one dollar a ton for this humus, which is less than it can be replaced for, the loss to these states in impoverishment of the soils, exceeds $1,200,000. This is a loss which is largely underestimated or overlooked by the farmer, because it is a loss which takes place so constantly that he regards it as a matter of course. In the aggregate it is so enormous that it is one of the chief, if not the chief, reasons for the poverty of so many Southern soils, keeping them depleted of the humus or the manurial portion of the soil. This is a loss to which Northern soils are not subject, on account of the lighter rainfalls and their more gentle character.

During the recent rains the rainfall at Raleigh and at many other points in middle North Carolina was twelve inches for four days; at points in upper South Carolina, fifteen inches fell in two days; while more than four inches fell in one day at many places. Such concentrated precipitation, tropical in character, does not occur in the farming regions of the Northwest. It follows that if the farmers of the South wish to preserve their hillside lands they must not only use every possible means of preventing erosion which are used at the North, but additional means as well, not only deep plowing and cover crops, but terracing as well, and have no land which is lying idle without a crop of some kind on it to protect the soil. All land which is not in cultivation should be protected bv keening in timber.

Between Virginia and Georgia there are more than 2.000.000 acres of idle farming land, which should be planted in timber if for no other reason than to prevent it from washing, but the timber will make a good investment besides.

SMTP nE YOUR

OLD METALS

HIDES RUBBER

SCRAP IRON

Gar Lots a Specialty

50,000

Hides Wanted

Write for Prices. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

No Commissions.

Checks Sent Same Day Fbeight Bills Abe Masked Paid.

Clarence Cosby,

Established 1890.

RICHHOND, VA.

Labgest Dealer in

Scrap Iron, Metals, Hides, Etc., in the South.

KEFEEENCE8:

National Bank of Vir.j'ml a Bank of Richmond, BradBtreets and Dun

THE SOUTHEKJST PLANTER

903

AGRICULTURAL

LIME.

PLMN ROCK

OR

SHELL LBIKE

BAGS OB BULK

SPECIAL FINE HYDBATED LIME

FOR DRILLING.

If in the market for any grade and any quantity of

LAID LIME

Write for our price list and particulars

T. C. ANDREWS & CO., Inc.

NORFOLK,

VA

lime to Paint.

Let us quote you prices on Paint that will give you satisfaction. Color cards and all information cheer fully furnished. Write to-day.

Liiebermnth

Bros.

Richmond, Va.

ABRAMS

PAINT AND GLASS

COMPANY

RICIinOND, VA.

HOUSEHOLD PAINTS, GLASS, SASH, DOORS AND BLINDS.

FOR SALE

?375 buys an Aultman 10 H. P. portable boiler and engine in Al condition. Steel wheels, new flues.

A Bargain!

WM, BUGBEE, Palmyra, Va.

KILL SAN JOSE SCALE WITH GOOD'S CAUSTIC POT- Crtfln min «

*muuu 9 ASH WHIiLEOIL aunt* mo. 3

James Good, 859 N. Front Street, Philadelphia.

Tell the advertiser where you eaw his advertisement.

The editor of the Baltimore Sun recently offered a $5.00 prize for the best list of "The Ten Best Things to Eat," and this prize was captured by our correspondent, "Mary Washington," whose list, under the heading of "Virginia Delicatessen, appeared in the Sun of September 13th, and read as follows:

First. A Virginia ham from a hog fattened on clover and mast till six weeks before killing, when it should be fed on corn. Its weight should not exceed 150 pounds. The ham must be cured in the Virginia style, with a mixture of molasses, sugar and pepper, rubbed on it, and it must be put on in cold water and cooked slowly.

Second. A wild turkey, roasted to a turn, and with a well seasoned dressing, intermingled with chestnuts, served with celery, crab apple jelly and home-made pickle.

Third. Partridges broiled a delicate brown in butter.

Fourth. A choice filet of beef, served with mushrooms.

Fifth. Lynnhaven oysters, creamed on* a chafing dish.

Sixth. Brunswick stew, with squirrel as a basis, and with corn, butter-beans, tomatoes, finely sliced potatoes, rice, minced onions, salt and pepper added.

Seventh. The finest canteloupes raised on the low grounds of some Southern stream.

Eighth. Batter-bread, made of meal, ground at a country water-wheel mill, with a plenty of milk, eggs and melted butter added to it. This Is the kind of batter-bread which Mr. T. C. DeLeon says can only be made by an old Southern mammy with her head tiedup in a red bandanna handkerchief.

Ninth. Beaten biscuit, such as are generally called "Maryland biscuit," though I believe they are equally a product of Virginia. They should be beaten a half hour by hand, and not by machinery, and should be as smooth as satin.

Tenth. Home-made peach ice-cream, made of very soft peaches and genuine cream.

"ABSORBINE IS ALL YOU CLAIM FOR IT." Mr. Owen Mohler, Thornville, Ohio, writes, under date of May 11, 1908: "I used your Absorbine on a horse that had a sore shoulder that had left a bunch and it entirely removed the bunch. It is all you claim for it. I would not do without it." Absorbine stops lameness, kills pain, removes bog spavins, thoroughpins, splints, wind puffs, shoe boils, enlarged glands and similar bunches without blistering or removing the hair and horse can be used. $2.00 per bottle at all druggists or express prepaid upon receipt of price. W. F. Young, P. D. F., 109 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

That Will Wear

The house-owner wants paint which will not become spotted or streaked or scaly. White Lead, if pure, mixed with pure linseed oil, makes paint which never scales nor spots.

It is possible to know the purity of the White Lead before painting if you have a blowpipe, and this we will furnish free for the asking.

We could not afford to make this exposure if our White Lead had a grain of adulteration in it. The "Dutch Boy Painter" trade-mark guarantees the purity of our White/ Lead.

Send for Free Test Equipment No. 14

which includes blowpipe, instructions and paint booklet.

NATIONAL LEAD CO.

in whichever of the following cities is nearest you: New York. Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, St. Louis, Philadelphia (John T. Lewis & Bros. Company); Pittsburgh (National Lead & Oil Company)

"Feeds and Feeding"

AND

The Southern Planter

for only $2 '5, Including- delivery >i the book. 'Ala Is Professor Hani '■ great w»rh on Feeds and Feeding Stock and It- the recognized standard everywhere. Bvery one with half dozen head of stock should have It.

Southern Planter,

Richmond, Va.

THE SOUTHEEK PLANTER

[October,

ALL

EST FOR AXLES

M

-\x

■ s\

v^a

xl!e

GREASE

You will make more trips, draw bigger loads, save undue wear on box and axle, and keep the hard-working horse in better shape by an occasional application of Mica Axle Grease. Nothing like it to take the painful, heavy, downward drag out of a big load. Ask the dealer for

Mica Axle Grease. v STANDARD

1^?. OIL COMPANY

(Incorporated)

J,

A Great Discovery. DROPSY

CURED with vegetable remedies; removes all symptom of dropsy in 8 to 20 days; 30 to 60 days effects permanent cure. Trial treatment furnished free to every sufferer; nothing fairer. For circulars, testi-: Zp monials and free 8$ trial treatment write" DR. H. ft: GREEN'S SONS, Atlanta, Ga.

FUMA

kills Prairie Dogs, "Wood-Chucks, Gophers and Grain Insects. "The wheels of the Gods grind slow, but exceedingly small." So the weevil, but you can stop their grind with

FUMA CARBON BI-SULPHIDB as others are doing. It fumigates poultry houses and kills hen lice. Edward R. Taylor, I'enn Tan, N. Y.

Please mention the Southern Planter.

SOLDIER—HISTORIANS OF THE SOUTH.

Since the close of the Civil War, there has been a tremendous outpouring of historical works in the South, occasioned by the fact that numbers of the men who had wielded the sword, afterwards took up the pen to describe the deeds of the war. This state of things has its advantages, and' likewise its drawbacks. These annals flowing fresh from the memories and pens of men who had taken part in the struggle, and helped to make the history they chronicled, have a lifelike freshness and vidiv-ness that give them a peculiar charm. At the same time, it would be superhuman for a writer who had recently been an impassioned actor in the great drama of the Civil War, to give a cool, dispassionate, unbiased view of its occurrences, or of the motives and intent underlying these.

First on the list of those who have both made and written the history of the Southern Confederacy, I may mention our President, Jefferson Davis. He was a man of widely varied experiences, and few lives exhibit such great vicissitudes as his. Born in Kentucky, June, 1808, (as was also Lincoln in February, ISO'S)), Davis was educated for the military profession, graduating at West Point in 1828. He resigned from the army in 1835, and in 1845, entered Congress from Mississippi, his adopted State. On the breaking out of the Mexican War, however, he resigned his position in Congress to take command of the First Mississippi Regiment of Rifles, which he retained till the end of hostilities, greatly distinguishing himself by his bravery. In 1847 he became United States Senator, and in 1853-57, Secretary of War, under Pierce. He was then re-elected to the Senate, but left this body, in January, 1861, on the secession of his State, and the following month he was made president of the Confederacy. As Major Daniel said in his great oration over Davis, "He was a great man of a great epoch, whose name is blended with the renown of American arms, and with civil glor-ries of cabinet and Congress hall, son of the South, who became head of a Confederacy more populous and extensive than that for which Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence, and commander-in-chief of armies greater than those of which Washington was general. He saw victory sweep illustrious battlefields, and he became a captive. He ruled millions, and he was put in chains. He created a nation. He followed its bier. He wrote its epitaph, and he died, a disfranchised citizen.

After the passage of the eventful years in which he played by turns the role of the soldier, the politician, the ruler and the captive, Davis, in

Make Your Idle Money Earn You Interest

Write the FIRST NATIONAL BANK

of Richmond, Virginia, for Information concerning Its certificates of deposit, so arranged that One Per Cent, mav be collected every Four Months through your nearest bank or store.

Our experience proves this form for savings to be the most satisfactory plan yet devised for deposits of $100.00 or more.

Our Capital and Earned Surplus Is

$1,600,000

John B. Purcell, President. Jno. M. Miller, Jr., VIce-Pres. Cashier. Chas. R. Bnrnett, Asat. Cashier. J. C. Joplln, Asst. Cashier.

FARMERS

Insure Your Buildings, Live Stock,

Produce, Etc, In Virginia Division

FARMERS' MUTUAL BENEFIT

ASSOCIATION.

Best security. Property insured, $500,000. Average cost per $1,000 per year. $6.00. Territory limited to counties of Chesterfield, Amelia, Powhatan, Nottoway, Dinwiddle, Prince George, Surry, Charles City, New Kent and James City. For plan and membership write to

CHARLES N. FRIEND, General Agent,

Chester, Va.

Organized January 9, 1899.

PATENT w v B ou T IN I i NT.

Our three books, giving full information in patent matters and containing many valuable suggestions to inventors, mailed free. Write for them. Patent Obtained or Fee Returned.

No charge for opinion as to patentability; send sketch or node.1 Patents advertised for sale free. Woodward & Chandlee, Attorneys, 1237 F St., Washington, D. C.

PATENTS "SXW.

r/llLillltf RETURNED

Send sketch for free report as to patentability. Guide Book and What to Invent, with valuable list of inventions wanted sent free. One million dollars offered for one invention; $16,000 for others. Patents secured by us advertised free in World's Progress. Sample free.

EVANS & WTLKINS, 848 F Street, AVashington, D. C.

"PRACTICAL FARMING"

Prof. W. F. Massey's latest and best book is now on sale. It retails for $1.60, and is worth it. We shall ba very pleased to send you a copy at above price and will Include a year's subscription to The Southern Planter. Remember, we deliver the book and give you a whole year's subscription for the price of the book, $1.60. SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

A Neat Binder for your back numbers can be had for 30 cents. Addrese our Business Department.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

905

THE VIRGINIA LANDSCAPE AND MAINTENANCE CO. INC.

416 Watt, Rettew & Clay Building,

ROANOKE, VA. Entomologists, Foresters, Landscape Architects, Engineers.

EDICAL COLLEGE of V irginia

1838 1908

Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy

Seventy-first Session begins Sept. 15,1908 Graded first-class by the American Medical Association on the record of its graduates. Climate salubrious. Living expenses low. Write for terms and catalogue 1

i Christopher Tompkins, M.D.,Dean,R!chnioniI,Va-

WA.2STTMD

- Bills to Collect -

In all portions of the United States. Wo collection, no charge. Agencies wanted everywhere; 25 years' experience. PALMORH'S COLLMCTlOH AGBNCY. 811 Main St., Richmond. Va.

PIANOS AND ORGANS.

After forty years in the Piano and Organ business, I desire to retire and take a rest. I have a large stock of New and Second Hand Instruments on hand that I desire to dispose of below the market price, cash or on time. Do you want a bargain? Address:

F. W. WALTER,

Staunton, Va.

SOLD!

I have sold my poultry farm and all of my poultry to Mr. L. B. Cox, who will continue the business with my strain of S. C. B. and S. C. W. Leghorns.

Respectfully,

CAIi HUSSEIiMAN, Highland Springs, Va.

the quiet evening of his days, turned his scholarly mind and pen towards alithorship in his fine, quaint old home at "Beauvoir," where "the sad, sea waves "of the Gulf tide formed a soothing accompaniment to his thoughts. He wrote two historical works, viz.: "A Brief History of the Confederate States" and "The Rise and Fall of the Confederate States." Of course, his exalted position in the Confederacy had given him a better opportunity to know about "the .rue inwardness of things" than almost any one else, and he also had the mental gifts and training, fitting him for authorship, nevertheless he was too near to the events and too deeply concerned in them to have been altogether a suitable chronicler of them. In connection with Jefferson Davis as a Southern historian, I may mention that our Confederate Vice-President, Alexander H. Stephens, also wrote an historical work entitled "War between the States."

General Robert E. Lee never took up his pen, I believe, to write anything about the Civil War, not for publication at least, but he furnished a great and fruitful theme to other writers. His life has been written by the following authors: "Memoirs of General Robert E. Lee," by General Pitzhugh Lee; "Memoirs of General Lee," by General A. L. Long. "Four Years with Lee," by Colonel Walter H. Taylor; "Four Years Under Marse Robert," by Major Stiles; '^Personal Reminiscencesj Anecdotes of Letters of R. E. Lee," by J. William Jones; "Popular Life of Lee," by Mason; "Life of General Lee," by John Esten Cooke; "Life of General Lee," by James D. McCabe; "Child's Life of General Lee," by Mrs. Williamson.

Stonewall Jackson has furnished a theme almost as inspiring as Lee, as the following list will evince: "Life of Stonewall Jackson," by Dr. R. L. Dabney; "Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson," by his wife; "Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862," by Colonel William Allen; "Biography of Stonewall Jackson," by John Esten Cooke; "Life of Stonewall Jackson," by Colonel Henderson, of the British Army. It is remarkable how many of our Southern generals have written histories of the war, or of certain portions or campaigns of it, or biographies of our leaders. On this list of writers, I may mention General John B. Gordon, General Longstreet, General Joseph E. Johnston, General Bradley T. Johnson, General Fitzj-hugh Lee, General Hood, General Ju-bal A. Early, General Basil Duke, and others. General John B. Gordon published not long before his death, a work entitled "Reminiscences of the Civil War."

General Longstreet wrote a work of somewhat the same character, en-

Send Your Order For

SEEDS

TO

DIGGS & BEADLES

THE SEED MERCHANTS

RICHMOND, VA.

We are headquarters for Superior seeds of all kinds—grass and clover seeds, garden and flower seeds, seed grains, onion sets, poultry foods and supplies, fertilizers, etc. Write us for prices.

CATALOGUE FREE.

SEED WHEAT

Warner's Improved Fultz,

Yielding 43 bushels per acre the field over. The highest yielder I have found in 16 years test.

Samples and circulars Free.

H. W. WARNER, Easton, Maryland.

NEW WARD BLACKBERRY

ONE OF THE BEST.

Fine stock of plants for fall delivery. Send for descriptive circular of the "Ward. For other nursery products send for general price list. FRED SHOOSMITH, Hoy*, Pa, ana Chester, Va.

Address either office.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE"

for something I can use to better advantage, Nursery Stock to the amount of one hundred and fifty dollars. For particulars address: F. W. WALTER, Staunton, Va.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

Send $2 for 1000 plants—Excelsior, Lady Thompson, Aroma, Klondyke, Gandy, etc.—first class stock, true to name. 5,000 enough for 1 acre, only $8 Cat free

JNO. I.IGIITFOOT. Dept. 7. East Chattanooga, Tenn.

NORTH CAROLINA RYE

$1.10 per bushel, and

APPLER OATS 85 cents per bushel—all f. o. b. here. HICKORY SEED CO., Hickory, N. C.

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[October,

RARE BARGAINS

IN

Northern VirginiaFarms

A Few Specimens:

No 162. Contains 280 acres—80 acres in timber, balance cleared. This land is a splendid quality of grass, hay and corn land. It is smooth and level. Fronts on a good level road 3% miles from station. Farm is very well fenced and watered by streams with a good well at the house. About one acre in orchard, apples and peaches. Buildings: A new six-room house, barn 30x40 for horses and cows, corn crib and hen house. 75 acres of this land is in meadow. This a bargain for a progressive man. Price $.5,000.

No. 172. Contains 315 acres—40 acres in oak and hickory timber; 5 miles from station, situated near the village; considered one of the best wheat and grain farms in Fairfax County. The land is a little rolling; machinery can be run all over it. The land is all in good state of cutivation; well fenced and watered by springs and running streams. Improvements are a good 7-room house with elegant shade, good stable and all out-houses in good repair. Price $20 per acre.

No. 176. Contains 346 acres, about 70 acres in timber, mostly oak and hickory, situated 1 mile from store, school church, shops, etc.; 6 miles from R. R. station. This land is a little rolling and is a fine quality of chocolate clay soil, excellent for grass and grain of all kinds. Good orchard of about 200 apple trees. Farm is well fenced and watered by never failing streams. Spring in every field. Improvements: A good 2% story dwelling with 8 large rooms, 4 attic rooms, basement, barn. 40x70, in good repair, other out-buildings, all in good condition; farm is located on good road, and about $10,000 is subscribed to macadamize this road to the railroad station. Price per acre, $30.00.

No. 193. Contains 156 acres, smooth land, chocolate clay soil, with good stiff clay subsoil, just rolling enough to drain well, 30 acres in good timber, balance cleared, watered by running stream, very well fenced. In good neighborhood located 7 miles from railroad station, in Loudoun county, sufficient fruit of all kinds for family use, 5-room house in fair repair, other small outhouses in good repair. Price $3,000.00.

No. 194. Contains 175 acres, 25 acres In good timber, balance is cleared, 9 acres in orchard in full bearing, good six-room house, old barn, good granary, hen houses, dwelling in a grand oak shaded lawn, spring at house, farm watered by streams and springs, situated on good pike. One hour's drive from Leeshurg, Va. Owner is anxious to sell. Price $3,500.00.

Send for my Complete List,

Wm. Eads Miller,

HERND0N, VA.

titled "From Manassas to Appomattox."

General J. B. Hood wrote a work entitled "Advance and Retreat."

General Joseph E. Johnston wrote the narrative of his own military operations. Whilst his memoirs have been written by General Bradley T Johnson, of Maryland, a^d also by R. W. Hughes, Jr.

A memoir of General Albert Sidney Johnston has been written by Colonel William p. Johnston, Lis soa I believe. '

General Fitzhugh L,e has written the life of his illustrious uncle.

General Basil Duke wrote the history of Morgan's Cavalry, one gallant Kentuckian recounting the exploits of another. Our Southern historical literature of recent years is full of incidents of this kind, so we have the advantage of having one soldier pass judgment on another, and our heroes, under discussion are tried as it were, by their peers. The history of Forest's Cavalry has been written by General T. J. Jordan, and surely no writer on the Civil War had materials of more romantic interest than the last named author The Memoirs of General J. E. B. Stuart have been written by Major H B. McClellan.

General Jubal A. Early wrote a history of his own Valley Campaign, in the last year of the War. In reference to General Early as an author, Major Daniel says, in his oration over him, "As a writer, General Early excelled. His speeches on Lee and Jackson are masterly expositions of their campaigns. In style, they are "pure wells of English undeflled." They stand and will endure in the majestic simplicity of the Doric column. As his deeds were worthy of a Cesar's sword, so his compositions, in clearness, directness and comprehensiveness, were worthy of the Cesar's pen. His account of his campaigns in the last year of the war for Southern independence is a volume which betokens the highest qualities of the historian."

General Early certainly had two qualities very valuable for a historian: a rigid regard for the truth, and an exact and retentive memory. So noted was he for these qualities that he was considered by both North and South as unimpeachable authority on matters pertaining to the Civil War, and numerous were the applications made to him to verify statements, or to settle vexed questions. Amongst these I may mention several letters from the Count of Paris, written whilst he was preparing his work on our Civil War. Referring to General Early's scrupulous regard for truth, and minute accuracy of recollection and statement, Major Stiles, in his work entitled "Four Years Under Marse Robert," says something to the following effect: [I do not recall the

NORTHERN

VIRGIN*

FARM

A GREAT BARGAIN

Located 27 miles from Washington, one and one half miles from station and thrifty little town on the Southern Railroad, in good section, 148 acres, 100 acres cleared and under high state of cultivation. Improved by a beautiful 10-room dwelling surrounded by 6 acres of most beautiful lawn, shaded by fine walnut and locust grove, splendid elevation; a good large barn and other outbuildings; a fine apple orchard; watered by well and never-failing springs. The owner is going "West to look after other busirress interests and is compelled to sell within the next thirty days and has authorized us to offer this beautiful farm, including all growing crops, five nice cows, two horses, all hogs, poultry and all farming implements, machinery, etc., and possession at once for $6,000.

This is indeed a great sacrifice and will surely not be on the market many days. Come to see us and we will show you a great bargain.

Always consult us before buying a farm.

BALLARD & 1ANHAM (Inc.) 621-13th Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.

VIRGINIA

229A.—1% mile from R. R. Sta. $3,500. Running water, county road front and other attractions. 140 A.—large orchard, barns, dwelling, farm fenced into fields and other improvements. Land In high state of cultivation—Price $4,000. 82 A.—near electric line, necessary buildings, running water, fine truck and poultry farm—$2,500. 488 A.—Valuable river farm—2 ml. from R. R. station.—$7,320. Write for complete list.

FRANK H. COX, Resident Agent. Ashland, Va

To Clo^e f?n Es £te

Reduced from $12,500 to $11,000. 400 acre farm, chocolate clay soil, In Loudoun Co., 1-2 mile from railway station; 60 acres oak timber, balance under cultivation and in grass, house, barn, out-buildings, apple orchard, two wells lasting water, one artesian under porch. Heirs have foreign interest and are anxious to sell. Is one of the finest farms in this section; is worth $40 per acre. For particulars, address, Box 21, Sterling, Va,

Virginia Farms

Handsome Country Homes and High-Grade Farm Lands a Specialty. J. E. WHITE, "THE LAND MAN," Charlottesville. Va.

Please mention the Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

907

exact words.] "As long as that doughty old chieftain was alive no one author at the North or South ever took up his pen to write anything about the Civil War without an uneasy feeling lest General Early might arise and correct his statement."

By the way, Major Stiles' book is one of the most charming and entertaining of those called forth by the war. It does not purport to be a formal history, but it gives a great deal of valuable historical information in a delightful form, mingled with reflections of the author, and with iuteresting little incidents. I know of no book that carries a stronger and truer atmosphere of Confederate days about it.

Colonel John S. Mosby, the distinguished guerilla chieftain, has given us a thrilling volume of his adventures and experiences. His style is characterized by somewhat of the game dash and brilliancy as his exploits.

Some valuable contributions to the history of the Civil War have been made jointly by Captain Jed Hotch-kiss and Colonel William Allen. The former was a topographical engineer in one of the corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, whilst his colleague, Colonel Allen, was lieutenant-colonel and chief of ordnance, in the Second Army Corps, under General Lee, and at one time, both Colonel Allen and Captain Hotchkiss were on Stonewall Jackson's staff. The two prepared a series of guide books to the many batttlefields of Virginia, Hotchkiss preparing the maps, and Allan writing the text. The first of these series appeared in 18C8, under the running title of "Battlefields of Virginia," special title, "Chancellors-ville, embracing operations of the Army of Northern Virginia, from the first battle of Fredericksburg to the death of Jackson." This work contained five finely executed maps, showing the respective positions of the armies, during operations about Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, 1SG2-63. Colonel Allan also wrote "Jackson's Valley Campaign of 1862," and "Army of Northern Virginia, in the Virginia Campaign of 18G2."

0 0 O

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 ij O 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

JUST OUT!

Write For a New List,

0 Famm fnr Northern WSrgisiia

0 0

1M ■ Qo t

0

STOCK FARMS A SPECIALTY. 8

WHAT THE GROUND CONTAINS is a question which many farmers have never tried to answer. Its treasures of minerals and of pure water should be revealed by the use of "American" Drilling Machinery. Every neighborhood should organize a company, and, by working together and sharing the profits and advantages wherever found, great additions to the wealth of the community as well as the individuals should result. Any of our readers who are interested in this question should write for the new illustrated drilling catalogue of the American Well Works, Aurora. Illinois.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A. H. BUELL

REAL ESTATE BROKER, EERNDON, VA.

Will You Exchange Your Virginia Farm For City Property ?

0 G 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

s m iNo

m Virginia

DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT.

Near Washington and BaBltimore and in easy reach of Philadelphia and t^ftw" Yorki

Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping- facilities. Reasonable in price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write us. CLAUDB G. STEPHENSON (Successor to Stephenson & Rainey, Herndon, Va.)

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter

Mill for Sale.

Up to date, 36 bailer, water-power, roller mill and saw mill, in good grain section, close to schools, good brick dwelling, garden and spring. Will be sold cheap.

DIXON BROS., Lexington, Va.

Special Attractions In

Loudoun County, Va., Farms.

I will show you any rarm for sale in the County FREE OF CHARGE. DeL. S. CRITTENDEN, Broker, Ashburn, Va.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

FARMS

For Sale.

If yon want a farm to rt u <j grass, grain, stock, fruit or tobacca, bur frsm us. Chocolate soil with red subsoil. Address

W. W. BARNES * CO., LAID AND TIMBER AGENTS,

Amelia CourtaoHse, Vs.

FARMS FOR SALE

No. 331. 310 acres, 2% miles from Station, good road, two good houses a,nd stables; farm well watered and •excellent drinking water, abundant Sruit of all kinds, healthy locality, 100 acres in woods, rest cleared, natural Blue grass.

No. 333. 500 acres, 2 miles from station, good road to station, well watered i80 acres in good timber.. This farm is inimproved and can be bought at a i'reat bargain.

Tor further particulars apply

"Jox 612, WARKENTON, VA.

MARYLAND

AND

VIRGINIA

SMRMS NEAR WASHINGTON.

Unsurpassed as money-makers; best

»«ace on earth for farmers, dairymen, cockmen or poultry men; mild climate, ttst markets in country; highest jfices; no such word as "Fail" for in-

iuetrious man. Big bargains here now.

a,500 places to select from. Catalogue

tree.

•.THE SOULE CO., Washington, D. C.

L«rge»i Farm Dealers In the Sooth.

WO Am

FARM FOR SALE,

At a bargain, 3 1-2 miles from Saxe station in Charlotte Co. Well located, jonvenient to schools, churches, mills, xnd stores, well watered by springs and branches, land well adapted to tobacco and all crops grown in this section. Only one new log cabin on the land; timber enough on the place to do necessary building. Price ?5 per acre time given to suit purchaser.

W. H. WATKINS, Saxe, Ta.

Old Virginia Farms.

Climate and Productiveness unexcelled. Largest sale list in State. For full particulars and Free Catalogue address

CASSULMAN A COMPANY,

RICHMOND, VA.

(*

In the Green Fields of Virginia."

Homes for all; health for all; happiness and independence for all. .All sizes of Farms at corresponding prices, but ALL reasonable.

MACON & CO., ORANGE, VA.

A MEMORY OF PICKETT'S BRIGADE.

It was years after the war, and some veterans of both sides were exchanging reminiscences at a banquet given by the Board of Trade of New York. It was presided over by the first President, Col. J. J. Phillips, Colonel of the Ninth Virginia Regiment, Pickett's Division.

"There is nothing else so terrifying as a night attack," said Colonel Phillips. "The imagination works with intense activity in the darkness, and even in peaceful times adds infinitely to the fear of perils, real or fancied. How much more are the horrors of warfare increased when the opposing forces are hidden from sight, when the first announcement of hostile intention is the thunder of guns, the crack of rifles, the flash through darkness—for it is the darkest possible night that is always selected.

"One of these night attacks in particular—on the Bermuda Hundred lines in 1864—I shall never forget; not because of its startling horrors, but because of a peculiar and sacred circumstance, almost resulting in the compulsory disobedience of orders, the obeying, as it were, of a higher than earthly command.

"The point of attack had been carefully selected, the awaited dark night had arrived, and my command was to fire when Gen. Pickett should signal the order. There was that dread, indescribable stillness—that weird, ominous silence that always settles over everything just before a fight. It was so thick you could cut it with a knife; so heavy it weighed you down as if worlds were pjled upon you. so all-pervasive that it filled creation for you. You felt that nowhere in the universe was there any voice or motion.

"Suddenly that awesome silence was broken by the sound of a deep, full voice rolling over the black void like the billows of a great sea, directly in line with our guns. It was singing the old hymn. 'Jesus, Lover of My Soul.' I have heard that grand old music many times in circumstances which intensified its impress-iveness, but never had it seemed so solemn as when it broke the stillness in which we waited for the order to fire. Just as it was given there rang through the night the words: "Cover my defenseless head With the shadow of thy wing

" 'Ready—aim—lire to the left, boys,' I said.

"The guns were shifted, the volley that blazed out swerved aside, and that defenseless head was covered with the shadow of His wing."

A Federal veteran who had been listening looked up suddenly and, clasping the Colonel's hand, said:

"I remember that niffht, Colonel, and that midnight attack which carried off so many of my comrades. I was the singer."

There was a second of silence; then

VIRGINIA FARMS

$8 per Acre and up

With improvements. Good productive soil, abundant water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail-£??■ ? U a goo . d ma rkets with best church, school and social advantages For list of farms, excursion rates and our beautiful pamphlet showing what other.

iy-K s^^o^vtf- Norfolk & Westera

LUBMER-MAN

FARMER. COAL-MAN

ATTENTION

My new 1908 land book is ready. It contains some 150 descriptions of

TIMBER TRACTS, Farms, Town Properties and Lots, Iron and Coal Lands.

I also have a nice Cement property, and some splendid Hotels to offer.

Write at once for it. It is free for the asking.

J. W. GUINN, General Manager, Goshen, Va.

Virginia Farms

MOST SELECT LIST, and iniUiw ions of the State.

FREE CATALOGUE.

R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc.

Richmond, Va.

REAL ESTATE FOR SALE.

From the Mountains to the Ocean. Catalogue free. Loans made on farms. Established 1875.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., 1009 E. Main Street.,

RICHMOND, VA. Branch, Norfolk, Va.

130 ACRETARM;

For Sale 8 miles from Richmond, 1 mile from depot on steam and electric railroad. Good dairy and truck farm, about 70 acres cleared, rest In timber. Cannery on next farm. For particulars address,

R. E. BUTLER, Drewry'i Bluff, Va.

FARMS. Mineral and Timber Lands.

Free list on application. W. A. PARSONS A CO.. 1527 East Main St., Richmond, Va.

Davis Hotel Bid*.

Farms, Orchards, Timber.

Cotton Lands In Virginia and the South, ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION Society. Charlottesville, Va.

VIRGINIA FARMS

farms of any slse with lmpr«T»m*Bli. Prices In reach nf all. Fraa Hat. PORTER * GATES, Loots*. Va-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

909

"Jesus, Lover of My Soul," rang

across that banquet board as on that

black night in 1864 it had rung across

he lines at Bermuda Hundred.

—La Salle Cornell Pickett, in Lippin-

cott's.

Glade Spring, Va., August 3, 1908. Mr. W. B. Doak,

Burke's Garden, Va. Blear Sir.-—I enclose cuts of stock taken from Southern Planter at your request. The parties I made inquiry for, as to bull, had already bought when I received them. My calf is doing fine and I am well pleased with him. When you come over into Washington county come to see me. Yours truly,

A. M. BYARS.

TO STOP SALE OF OLEOMARGARINE. Dairy and Food Commission Takes Cognizance of Alleged Violations

of Law. The State Dairy and Food Commission yesterday- issued the following statement concerning the sale of oleomargarine and other adulterated butters:

"The attention of manufacturers, dealers, hotel, restaurant and boarding-house keepers in this State selling, exposing for sale or serving oleomargarine, butterine and substitutes for • pure butter, is directed to Section 1899-B of the Code of Virginia, and to chapters 188 and 372, Acts of Assembly, 1908, which provides for the display of signs on conspicuous places in their factories, stores, dining-rooms lunch rooms, etc., which signs must bear the words, printed in black letters, one inch square, on a white background: 'We sell oleomargarine here'; 'we serve oleomargarine here.' Satisfied by personal observation and numerous complaints that the requirements of the law are not observed in connection with the sale in stores, and the serving in some of the hotels and restaurants of the State of oleomargarine and substitutes for pure butter made from cream and milk, and believing some proprietors are innocently serving substitutes for butter, it is desired by this department that those interested may inform themselves as to the requirements of the law, and proceed at once to comply with the same. The penalties for failure to comply with the law are quite severe, and this department hopes they may not have to be invoked to insure its observance. At the same time it desires those interested to take notice of its purpose to vigorously enforce the law as it stands on the statute books, and deems this notice of its purpose due warning to manu-

CLAUDE G. STEPHENSON,

Virginia Properties, Herndon, Va.

Farms For Sale In Northern Virginia, within one to two hours run of the National Capital.

LOUDOUN COUNTY,

THE FAMOUS BLUE-GRASS REOION.

290 acres of the finest blue grass land; large stone house; fine barn and outbuildings; excellent orchard; running water in every field; well fenced; beautifully located only four miles from the R. R. by excellent roads. No better stock farm in the state. Price $19,000; terms if desired.

180 acres of excellent blue grass land and most conveniently located; brick and stone buildings and In good shape; well watered and fenced; good orchard. Price $13,500.

155 acres of the best of blue grass land; fine orchard; well watered and fenced; brick house with hot and cold water and bath; splendid farm buildings and all in perfect condition; located within four miles of Paeonian Springs where is found the finest school in the County. This is in every way a superior property. Price $12,400. Easy terms.

150 acres of fine blue grass land; with good improvements; splendid orchard; well watered and fenced and desirably located. Price $9,000. Terms if desired.

325 acres of fine quality blue grass land; convenient to Round Hill; large brick house; good barn and outbuildings; well watered; fine neighborhood. This would make a magnificent stock farm. The cheapest really good property in the county. Price $7,500. One-half cash and the balance in two and three years.

120 acres of good blue grass land; improvements fair; only 4 miles from good town on the R. R. Price $6,000.

FAIRFAX COUNTY,

Most Conveniently located and Nearest Washington City.

550 acres and over, with good improvements; large frame dwelling, and all necessary farm buildings; excellent soil, and splendidly watered. This is without doubt naturally the best stock farm in Fairfax County. Price $13,000. Terms reasonable.

130 acres well improved and in goad condition; fine location; good water and orchard. Price $10,500.

28% acres at Herndon, the great dairy town of Northern Virginia; good house with bath. Only $4,500.

50 acres near Herndon; fair improvements; fruit and well fenced; conveniently located. Price $3,500.

58 acres convenient to Herndon, within three miles; well improved abundance of fruit; well watered. Suitable for dairy and poultry; only $2,500.

SPECIAL, BARGAINS.

227 acres well improved and conveniently located; stone house; fine blu* grass land. This farm with all stock, farm machinery and household good* is being offered cheap.

310 acres of good land with magnificent house and barn and good outbuildings; fine fruit; very productive; offered for less than house cost to effect; immediate sale.

CLAUDE Q. STEPHENSON,

HERNDON, VA.

JOHN F. JERMAN,

Headquarters for Virginia Property, Fairfax Va.

Washington Office, No. 1220 H Street, N. W., and Vienna, Va.

If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, poultry or blue grass farm, city or village property, or any kind of business proposition, such as hotels, stores, livery stables, schools, or any kindd of shop, it will pay you to sens for my 60-page catalogue. It is full of bargains, near steam and electric railroads and near Washington, D. C, where we have the best of markets. I am always ready to show my property. I try to please.

MY MOTTO: " HONESTY AND FAIR DEALINGS."

DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES

UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE "THE MASTER WORKMAN,**

a two-cylinder gasoline, kerosem »>' •toenol engine, superior to any one-cylinder engine, revolutionizing power. Its weight and bulk are half that of single cylinder engines, with greater durability. Ow*i &MS to Buy—Less to Run. Quickly, easily started. Vibration practically overcome. Cheaply mounted on any wagon. It Is a combination portable, stationary or BMBM ■Hi i SEND won. (Utaloguk. TILB TJBMFJU JPCJIJP CO., ttfnki Meagher and loth St»., Chicago. THIS IS OUR FIFTY-FIFTH VbAK.

!>10

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

You Can't Talk

it too strong. What? =ss Gombault's =

Caustic Balsam

As a Liniment

For the Human Batsy

Springfield. 0., Sept. 19, 1904.

Lawrence-Williams Co.,Cleveland,0.—Lewis Evelsiz-er, Urbana, R. F. D., a farmer,had a bad cancer on back of hia hand. When I first saw it he was on his way to havo his hand amputated. I persuaded him to first try GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM, which he did, ami on second application could rest well at night—the first for weeks. In less than three months he was at work on the farm. He will certify to this statement over his signature. Then Mr. Jenkins, storekeeper and postmaster at Seth, O., had a bad cancer on his cheek-bone. I saw him at a grange meeting and told him to use CAUSTIC BALSAM twice a day, rubbing it in for five or ten minutes. In three months it was healed over and is now all sound. These two are all that I have the address of just now. I have had CAUSTIC BALSAM used on old shin sores. One man had walked with crutches for more than a year, and several pieces of bone had come out. I persuaded him to try CAUSTIC BALSAM, and today you 'would not know he was ever lame. Then, it is a sure cure for piles, using it with sweet oil. I could tell of dozens of cases where I have induced different ones to use CAUSTIC BALSAM. I have been the means ol more than fifty bottles being bought, because I know just what it will do. You can't talk it up strong enough. I wiih you success.

R. L. HOLMAN, In charge Co-operative Work of Ohio State Grang*.

Price SI .60 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by us express prepaid. Write for Booklet H.

The LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland, 0.

DUVAL & NORTON'S!

Celebrated

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Giving them an Appetite and Relieving them of Bots, Worms, Hide-Bound, Surfeit, Distemper, and all Diseases to which Stock is Subject Internally. A Sure Cure For Chicken and Hog Cholera, Scratches in Dogs.

We guarantee a cure in all diseases mentioned above or money returned. Large Bot. 50c. Smnll Hot. 25c.

If your merchant can't supply you send us 30c. for small, or 60c. for large size, and we will forward by mail.

Manufactured by

E. P. REEVE & CO., Richmond, Va.

facturers of and dealers in oleomargarine and substitutes for pure butter, and to all persons keeping places of public entertainment where food is served. Our inspectors are instructed to give this subject special attention at once."

LOCATION AND RESOURCES OF

UNRESTRICTED OKLAHOMA

FARM LANDS.

That part of Oklahoma to which the attention of home-seekers has been attracted by the removal of government restrictions from several million acres of Indian lands, is not different from the better agricultural regions surrounding it in Southern Kansas, Western Arkansas and Missouri, and its development by the better class of farmers from older settled sections will bring the new State into greater prominence.

Contrary to the general opinion, Eastern Oklahoma is well within the rain belt and drouths there are probably as infrequent as in Missouri or Illinois. The winters are mild and the growing season of such duration that the farmer is able to grow a much longer list of crops than is customary in regions farther northward, yet the location is not so far south that the summer temperature is objectionable. The altitude is from 400 to 1,500 feet, the topography is rolling and good drainage is afforded by numerous streams.

From the Kansas line southward, through Nowata to Claremore, the country is mostly prairie and suitable for all kinds of grain and grass crops. Oil and gas underlie all of this section. From Claremore southward, timber is more plentiful and cotton is added to the list of crops. Around Wagoner and iall along the valley of the Arkansas river, in the vicinity of Fort Gibson, Illinois, Vian, Sallisaw and Muldrow, Irish potatoes are grown in great abundance, the rich bottom soil producing two crop s a year. All of the upland yields heavily of fruits, as well as potatoes and other crops.

For such lands the Indian ownerF are asking from $5.00 to $35.00 an acre. Much of the land has already been settled upon by industrious white farmers, as they were not prohibited from entering into leases with the owners. Consequently there are many valuable farm properties. The towns and cities through this section are prosperous and progressive and their growth indicates the kind of country surrounding them.

Twice each month, on the first and third Tuesdays, horr.eseekers' excursion rates are offered by the Missouri Pacific Iron Mountain, which make it possible for the seeker of low-priced lands to visit this Eastern Oklahoma country and stop at pleasure to inspect the land and examine its re-sources. T " w '

XMMJJ&

SPM1N

The remedy that horsemen everywhere know to be effective in curing Spavin, Ringbone, Curb, Splint and all forms of Lameness. It may cost you a horse to experiment. Use the proven remedy. McGregor, Mich., Jan. 13,1908. Dr. B. J. Kendall Co.,

Enosburg Falls, Vt., Gentlemen— Please sendmeaeopy of your "Trcatise on the Horse and his Diseases." Have used Kendall's Spavin Cure for 20 years "with the most wonderful results. ■Yours truly. E. M Tuck.

The World's Greatest Liniment for man and beast. Sold by all druggists- $1 a Bottle; 6 for $5. Get the 96-page book. "Treatise on the Horse" free of druggists or write to

©R. B. J. KEMDAIX CO. Enosburg Falls, Vt.

ILSfi ill gjr

Tho first remedy to sure Lamp Jaw was

Fleming's Lump Jaw Cure

and It remains today the standard treat* menl-. with years of success back of it, known to be a cure and guaranteed to enre. Don't experiment with substitutes or imitations. Use it, no matter how old or bad the case or what else you may have tried—your money back if Flemtnjr's Lump Jaw Cure ever fails. Our fair plan of selling, together with exhaustive information on Lump Jaw and its treatment, is given in Fleming's Vest-Pocket Veterinary Adviser Mom nomplete veterinary book ever printed to be given away. Durably bound, indexed and SlTastrated. Write us for a free copy.

FLEMING BROS., Chemists, 6s» lOnkon Stock Yards, Chleaffo, tils.

TuttlesElixir

Greatest maker of sound horses in the world. Tested many years, never fails if cure be possible. $100 reward if it does For lameness, curb splint, spavin, ringbone, swellings,

Turtle's Family Elixir

liniment for household use. Ask for Tattle's American Worm and Condition Powders and Hoot '"***

Ointment. "Veterinary Experience," perfect horseman's guide free. Symptoms and treatment for al l com mon ailments. Write for it. Postage 2c. TUTTIE'S ELIXIR CO., IS Beverly St., Boston, Mass.

Beware of all blisters: only temporary relief, if any.

DEATH TQ REAVES

raraom HetntOragh, di*

temper ud lDdlfwUoK Cur* A FrHerlnarj Remedy for wir4, *.hr- at and stomach tioobla*. Strong recommend** $1.00 per can,of dealers, orerp. prepaid. The Newton Remedy- O*. Toledo, Ohio.

ONSTAD'S "ONB APPLICATION CUKES*

LUMPY-JAW CAPSULES

' GUARANTEED HSJ-WRITE FOB PARTICULARS

THE ONSTAD CHEMICAL CO. 101 Key Street Indianapolis, In*

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

911

HA I

HL<

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[October^

OBJECT LESSON ROADS. Guy E. Mitchell.

Washington, D\ C, Sept., 1908. The friends of good roads, not necessarily the philanthropically inclined who would devote their energies to the improvement of these internal arteries of trade as a great national movement, but those who would like to have good roads in their own localities, can further this end by agitating the question of getting Uncle Sam to build them a model road, or, as his stepson, Jim Wilson, calls them, "object lesson roads. It may be that Uncle Jim hasn't enough object lesson road money on hand to build this particular road; but if your congressman is duly apprised of this fact by you and several hundred of your neighbors and townsmen and a genuine local interest worked up, he will be likely to be on the lookout for that feature of the agricultural appropriation bill. The time to get to work is now; not to wait until the bill is before Congress. Good road general legislation is undoubtedly coming in some form by which the federal government will make liberal co-operative appropriations, although it is not yet what might be called a live issue; but the popularity of the idea of some sort of federal assistance or co-operative work with the localities benefited is gaining ground. Congress, the leaders, do not wish the issue to become a burning one, as it is likely to become too popular to be withstood; therefore, they are willing, if there is a strong enough pressure, to "throp a sop to the farmer" in the shape of a little increase in the appropriation for "object lesson" roads. And it may be said, too, that an object lesson road is a mighty fine thing to have in any community with naturally good resources where the roads are poor. More than one farming locality could be named which has doubled its prosperity through the influence of the little piece of model road constructed by the Agricultural Department. A letter to that paternal institution from anybody who is willing to get out and work up good roads sentiment in his locality will bring cordial response.

"Briefly stated," according to the director of the good roads office of the Department of Agriculture, "the purpose of object lesson roads are, first, to introduce among local road authorities a live interest in road building and maintenance; second, to demonstrate the advantages of a properly built road in order to stimulate public sentiment for road improvement and arouse a spirit of progress; third, to afford a basis for estimating cost of additional road construction, which may be subsequently carried on by the county or community; fourth, to demonstrate the availability and relative value of local materials as far as practicable."

THE WRIGHT REMEDIES

FOR HORSES AND MULES

They are all the name implies. These Remedies are the result of years of experience with horses and their ailments, and are used and endorsed by the largest stock owners throughout the coun-t- y. For the horses' sake keep a supply in your stables.

lit>IL ME NM1C IHPUES

THEWRIGHT

LINIMENT

C.'at h*r P,„t, E>.

PRICE 50 CENTS

The Wright Colic Remedy

The Wright Cold and Fever Remedy

The Wright Gall and Blood Purifier

The Wright Tonic and Condition Powder

The Wright Purgative

The Wright Scratches Cure

The Wright Liniment

Wright Remedies are quick and sure In their results, effecting permanent cures. Insist upon K.ttmg th~m and accept no substitute. If your dealer cannot supply you, write us and we will have you supp led.

THE WRIGHT HORSE REMEDIES CORPORATION,

At the So. Stock Yards, . RICHMOND, VA

tOlD' FEVER

REMEDY

FARMER'S

ATTENTION!

THE VIRGINIA FARMERS' INSTITUTE assembled in convention at Richmond, Va., declared it the duty of all to see that agriculture is taught in our schools.

THE STATE BOARD OP EDUCATION adopted for exclusive use in the public schools of the. State,

Duggar's Agriculture for Southern Schools,

with Virginia supplement by Prof. Harvey L. Price, of V. P. I., and Dr. Meade

Ferguson, State Bacteriologist. The price of this book is only 60 cents. Published by the Macmillan Co., of New York. Nearly 100 other books on this and kindred subjects. Write for list and prices.

W. S. GOOCH, Virginia Representative. UNIVERSITY, VIRGINIA.

Giles Co., Tenn., Apl. 24, '08. I am well pleased with the Southern Planter. H. ARROWSM1TH.

Northampton Co., N. C, Apl. 17, '08. I very greatly appreciate the Southern Planter. B. S. GAY.

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

913

EMBARRASSING.

A colored woman of Alexandria, Va., was on trial before a magistrate •of that town charged with inhuman treatment of her offspring.

Evidence was clear that the woman >had severely beaten the youngster, aged some nine years, who was in -court to exhibit his battered condition.

Before imposing sentence his honor asked the woman whether she had anything to say.

"Kin I ask yo' honah a question?" inquired the prisoner.

The judge nodded affirmatively.

'"Well, then, yo' honah, I'd like to -ask yo' whether yo' was ever the parient of a puffectly wuthless cullud chile."—Lippincott's.

MARK TWAIN ON TEMPERANCE. "I am a friend of temperance, and I want it to succeed, but I don't think prohibition is practical. The Germans, you see, prevent it. Look at them. They have just invented a method of making brandy out of sawdust. Now, what chance will prohibition have when a man can take a rip saw and go out and get drunk with a fence rail. What is the good of prohibition if a man is able to make brandy out of the shingles on his roof, or if he can get the delirium tremens by drinking the legs off the kitchen chairs?"

Princess Anne Co., Va., Jan. 17, '08. Words are inadequate to express my appreciations of the monthly visits of the Southern Planter.

REV. W. E. LANSFORD.

Albemarle Co., Va., Feb. 14, '08. I compliment you on your "Farm Management" article in the Southern Planter. You never preached a finer sermon to Virginia farmers than this one. In breadth and information it is admirable. R. S. LACEY.

THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS

that make a horse Wheeze, have Thick Wind, or Choke-down, can be removed with

jygSQRPJNE

or any Bunch or Swelling . caused by strain or lnllam-' mation. No blister, no hair gone, and horse kept at work. 82.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 3-C free.

ABSOKBINE, JR., for mankind, gl.00, llvered. Cures Goitre, Tumors, Varicoso \ein», Hydrocele, Varicocele. Book free. Made only by W. F.YOUNG, P. D. F., 109 Monmouth St., Springfield, Mass.

THE

WAV

We have a word for the people who are still buying goods the old-fashioned, hit-or-miss way, and are paying several profits for goods that may or may not be right in quality.

For nearly 40 years we have been saving money for our customers and more than that, giving them Quality Insurance.

With over a hundred expert buyers devoting' their lives to knowing just oneline of goods, it is scarcely possible for anyone to supply us witii any but the best merchandise. If it ever does happen that a mistake creeps in, we promptly make it right and you lose nothing. Catalogue No. 77 is the Harvest ol a Year's Careful Planning

Our buyers have gathered together all the high-class things from the markets of the world. They have been careful

of the price but more careful of quality All these things are shown in the 1200 pages of our new catalogue. Faithful pictures of the goods, honest descriptions and low prices are what we aimed at in getting out this encyclopaedia of values. Some of the things are pictured In color, just as they will look in your home.

You will save one-half on lots of things, one-third on others; and maybe only 15 per cent on a few items; but QUALITY is the key note. Even at no saving at all you would be the gainer because of the house that stands back of your purchases. The risks YOU used to run in purchasing an article of which you were not an expert judge WE cheerfully take, because whatever you ouy from Montgomery Ward & Co. got Into the catalogue because our expert

The very cheapest article in this immense book is endorsed by us; we WILL NOT HAWDLE TRASH. It might look nice to see some unheard of bargains in big head lines; it might increase our b siness a MONTH or a year, but we are growing in a different way. We have 3,000,000 customers and they RELY on our catalogue. They know our word is good and they don't bother much abiut quality. As a customer wrote us, "I make out the order and let YOU do the worrying". Wo promise to please him and that's all he cares to know. If you are willing to be shown.we earnestly suggest that you send for CATALOGUE No. 77. Millions of copies are being printed and you are entitled to one if you want it. It is a guide to proper Styles and Prices and a trial order from it will probably put you on our regular list. Any way, wi3 will TRY to please you and feel sure enough that we will, to send you this 3 pound book free of charge, by paid mail.

decided it was good value

Remember, this modern method of buying will give you a satisfaction and service that you will never want to leave. Just consider for a moment what a power Is behind your purchases. We stand back of every item, buying a thousand dozen where the retail merchant buys one, and you reap the benefit. All YOU have to do to get started in the new order of things is to put your name and address on the coupon, send it in an envelope addressed to us—you will receive your copy promptly.

Montgomery Ward & Co.

Michigan Ave., Madison and Washington Sts. CHICAGO or, Nineteenth and Campbell Sts. KANSAS CITY

Fill in

the Coupon

below, cut

it out and

send to Montgomery

Ward & Co.,Chicago

or Kansas City

Send me the new, large No. 77 Catalogue without charge.

Name..

Post Office , .,..„,„ K.F.D..

State County

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

*Z

MAIL'

if you can't call on us in person. We maintain a MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT in charge of a man skilled in the of interpreting orders by mail, with over 20 YEARS' EXPERIENCE in catering to the tastes and needs of our OUT-OF-TOWN CUSTOMERS. Our system of measurements is so simple that it's an easy matter to order; and we send goods anywhere on approval, which enables you to satisfy yourself about fit, quality and pattern before PAYING A PENNY ON THEM.

fit, A word lrom you will bring our NEW, HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED STYLE BOOK to your address, together with SAMPLES of many of our leading patterns in Suits; tape measure, etc. State whether MEN or BOYS' samples are wanted. C EVERY GARMENT STRJCTLY GUARANTEED.

O.We handle the FINEST CLOTHES made fa America, yet cur prices are VERY LOW when yoia consider the quality. ~"

MEN'S SUITS, $12.50 Up.

BOYS' SUITS, $3.50 Up.

BOYS' V/ASfi SUITS, . 95 cts. Up. «L CLERICAL GARMENTS a Specialty.

O.fi.BERRY^CO.'

THESOUTH'5 LARGEST

CLOTHIERY

RICHMOND, VA.

iOHBERF

BMM" MEAT RSLAL

FouStry Food.

I 85 per cent. Protein. 7 per cent. Fat.

ECONOMIC, PURE, APPETIZING

AND WHOLESOME.

WILL, KEEP INDEFINITELY.

SACK 100 Lbs., $3.00.

AN IDEAL FOOD TO FEED WHILE

MOULTING.

Sample on Request.

RICHMOND ABATTOIR,

RICHMOND, VA. Dept. M., Box 267.

'

^ T -r-~?? CATTLE INSTRUMENTS

• S^k> afe "E^sy to lise,' no vclerinary / experience necessary. Alewdul-

. -^ ■ .' lars invested in oui goods will save ■j >; J l* hundredsof dollars. Pilling Milk Fever

1^ * -\\Outfit for Air treatment recommended by

U. S. Agricultural Dept.. price S3.00. Silver Milk Tabes 500; Teat Slitter $1.50; Garget Outfit $4.00: Capon Tools. Horse and Cattle Syringes, all sent prepaid with full directions. Write for free B.-mklct. i 0. P. Pir.UNfi * SON ci... A ,.,. h «,.. Philndflphin, Pa. .„

"T'\ .'...: ' , ','2.—-I'. -'■■• ■-. ■■■• -.' -' T. --.1.1

BEUCER'S

Sup&rior Trap FMests

Are easily and cheaply made and perfecty reliable. Order one as a model and make all you need. Price, with instructions, $1.50 each. Circular free.

R. O. BEKGEI5, 16 North 20th St.

Richmond, Va.

A Neat Binder for your back numbers can be had for 30 cents. Address our Business Department.

HINTS BY MAY MANTON.

The simple blouse is always the useful one, and this model can be closed with big buttons, as illustrated, or invisibly, as liked, and can be made either high or with square Dutch neck and with plain long sleeves, or with those of elbow length, so that it really supplies a great many needs. When made as illustrated it is adapted either to the separate waist for morning wear or to the shirt waist dress of linen and otaer washable material, while, when made as shown in the small view, it becomes much more dressy and adapted to thinner, lighter fabrics, as lawn, batistes, foulards and the like. For the finish of the square neck and elbow sleeves any banding or similar trimming that may be liked can be used and with the high neck waist can be worn any one of the fashionable collars of the day.

The waist is made with fronts and backs. It is tucked over the shoulders in a way to mean both breadth and tapering lines and again at the centre front. The long sleeves can be tucked

,6063 Tucked Blouse, 32 to 42 bust.

Perforated for Square Neck and Elbow Sleeves.

or gathered at their lower edges and are finished with straight cuffs. The elbow sleeves are simply gathered into bands.

The quantity of material required for the medium size is 4 3-8 yards 21 or 24. 3 1-2 yards 32, or 2 1-2 yards 44 inches wide; 13-4 yards of banding

Special Sale

For This Month.

300 S. C. W. Leghorn Pullets. 200 But? Plymouth Rooks. 200 Barred Plymouth Rocks. 200 White Plymouth Rocks. 200 Cockerels of the above breeds.

Also a few hens for sale.

We have three thousand pullets on hand and must have room for fall breeders. All inquiries cheerfully answered.

SYSONBY GAHBINS, Ire,

Petersburg, - - Va.

SAM. McEWEN, Manager.

"RINGLET '

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS

EXCLUSIVELY.

E. 33. Thompson's celebrated strain. My birds won at Richmond Show, 1908, 1st and 3d Cock; 1st and 3d Hen; 1st Prize Pen and Association's Special for BEST DISPLAY in Barred Rocks. They cannot be excelled in egg production, size, vigor and beauty. My breeding Cockerels at $2.50, $3.00 and $3.00 each; some exceptionally fine ones at $S.0O and $10.00 each. Good breeding Pullets at $1.50, $2.00 and $3.00; extra fine ones at $5.00 each.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

LESLIE H. McCUE, Box 4, Alton, Va.

White Plymouth Rochs !!

At Heradon Show—"Clea* Sweep."

Have mated first Cockerel with first Hen, first pen and second Pullet from this show. Can spare, few eggs from this nen—$2 for 15—guaranteeing fertility. My stock is excellent.

O. M. WALKER, HERN DO W, VA.

Secretary of Herndon Poultry Aaao-ilation.

SPRING BROOK POULTRY FARM. Culpeyer, Va., H. H. Scott, Prop

Breeder of Northrup strain Black Minorcas, Whitman strain of Brown Leghorns, and the best Silver-Laced Wyandottes. Have been breeding Black Minorcas seven years, always with the best type in view. Stock and Eggs In season at very moderate prices, considering the Quality. -Write me for prices and full particulars.

VALLEY F4RM

BaPSRED P. ROCKS S. C. B. LEGHORNS

j Large and better stock; Ringlets and Forsyth strains. Write me your wants.

CHARLES C. WINK, Mt. Sidney, V*.

Tell the advertiser where you saw bis advertisement.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

915

-^ SINGLE COMB &

RHODE ISLAND REDS.

We have an exceptionally beautiful lot of cockerels and pullets for sale; beautiful, uniform dark red colors— equal to any R. I. Reds in Virginia.

These are extra fine fowls, bred from the best breeders I can buy.

Some extra fine show birds, but these are not for sale.

Apply for prices. A. R. VENAULB, Jr., Fnrmville, Va.

poplar Hill Poultry harm

S. I,. WYANDOTTES

A choice lot of youngsters now ready for shipment. Cockerels,

11.25 to $1.50 each. Pullets, $1. and $1.25.

Mine are not only high scoring birds, but egg producers. Satisfaction to every customer.

DR. H. H. LEE. R. F. D. No. 4

Lexiugton, Va

,

•^r

Glenview &r$Sngt®ns<>

S. O. BUFFS EXCLUSIVELY.

My breeding pens this year Inclurts all my Richmond winners. Elgga vrlY fce shipped from nothing but the besi 12.50 per sitting of IB.

B. 8. HORNR, KBSWTCK, VA.

TAYLOR'S

WHITE WYANDOTTES

White Holland Turkeys and White Muscovy Pucks.

Win rvhere shown. Pullets now for sale at $1 each.

■R. RANDOLPH TAYLOR, Hickory Dot-torn Farm, Negrofoot, Vn. R. F. D. 2., Beaver Dam, Va.

Bargains in

Black Langshans

All of this season's breeding stock of the noted egg-laying strain, Black's Black Langshans, are now for sale at bargain prices. Also some choice young birds. A. M. BLACK, ... Tazewell, Va.

HIGH BRED

Cockerels For Sale

White Leghorns, White Wyandottes. Finest breeds obtainable for egg production. Hatched last April and May. Price $1.5 0 each. Apply to I. H. Fox, Fowling Point, Marionville, Va.

WILMONT POULTRY FARM.

A handsome lot of cockerels, pullets and yearling hens from the S. C. Rhode Island Red and B. P. Rock chickens. Owing to crowded quarters I offer them cheap if sold at an early date. Satisfaction always guaranteed.

Mrs. F. E. WILLIAMS, Charlottesville, Virginia.

For Sale Cheap:—Niagara Hydraulic Ram No. 0. Comparatively new and In good condition.

when Dutch neck and elbow sleeves are used.

The pattern 6061 is cut in sizes for a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust measure and will be mailed to any address by the Fashion Department of this paper on receipt of ten cents.

6060 Seven uorea asirt, 22 to 32 waist.

To be Made in Round or Walking Length.

The seven gored skirt is always a graceful and attractive one and this model has the advantage of including the very latest features of the season. It is laid in two plaits at each seam, which provide just sufficient fulness for grace, and it can be closed either at the left of the front with ornamental buttons or invisibly at the back, as liked. It is adopted to linen, to serge, to mohair, to all skirting and to all suiting materials, but as illustrated is made of Panama cloth finished with tailor stitching.

The skirt is cut in seven gores. The plaits effectually conceal the seams and are stitched flat well below the hips. It can be made either in walking length, adapted to the street, or in the graceful round one that is so well well liked for indoor wear.

The quantity of material required for the medium size is 9 3-4 yards 24 or 27 5 1-2 yards 44 or 52 inches wide.

The pattern 60H0 is cut in sizes for a 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 inch waist measure and will be mailed to any address by the Fashion Department of this paper on receipt of ten cents.

King William Co., Va., Jan. 8, '08.

I do not see how any farmer can keep from subscribing to the Southern Planter after he has read one copy L. H. CARLTON.

At

TENTIO

HOMESEEKERS AND INVESTORS.

I sell and exchange Virginia Real Estate of all classes, such as Grain Dairy, Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry and Bluegrass Farms, Village Homes and Business Places of all classes. The reason I make a specialty of the two suburban counties—Loudoun and Fairfax—they offer the homeseekers more advantages combined than anv country known to me. This fine portion of Virginia, extending from the national capital to the top of the Blue Ki.icje Mountains, is not only beautiful and healthy, but is very accessible to Wash ington and Alexandria cities by rail nnd pike, which gives all producers a fine home market.

My facilities for locating you in this section of Virginia are second to none. State what kind of property would interest you. I have a large number and great variety of properties, and can very likely suit you. New catalogue and map mailed free on request.

W. H» TAYLO R, H*mdon, Va,

WHITE

BRAZILIAN DU€ft*>.

Beautiful, wonderful layers, easy to raise and the most superior table fowl I ever saw. Young drakes fully grown weigh 8 to 10 lbs. Ducks weigh 5 to 6 lbs.

These ducks have more meat on breast than any I ever saw and ar« delightful. Apply for prices.

A. R. VENA RLE. Jr. Farmville, Va.

High-C!ass

PEKI

March and April hatched (esrly egg producers) and yearlings for K.ile. S. C. White Leghorn Cockerel*,

March hatched, from eggs from Fogg's Yards, Kentucky. WM. BUGBEE, Palmyra, Va.

WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS WHITE CHINA GEESE, WHITE GUINEAS,

WILD MALLARD DUCKS,

Now for sale from our Prize-winners.

WHITE POULTRY YARDS,

Lorraine, Va.

S. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS.

For sale cheap if taken at once. Old or young.

JNO. W. MORRIS, Wnldrop, Va.

MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER, RIackstone, Va.

Headquarters for pure-bred R. C. Rhode Island Reds.

Stock for Sale. Member R. I. Red Club.

RARE OPPORTUNITY.

To secure pure-bred stock. Chexter White, Polnnd-Chlna and Berkshire Pl«ra| Jeraey Holla and Hrtfrrai l.la-coln, Hampshire and Shropahlr* T)ovra Sheep; Scotch Collie Dokb. Variety of poultry. Send 2-cent stamp for circular. EDWARD WALTER, West Chester, Pa.

THE SOUTHEKtf PLANTER

[October,

Pinehurst Shropshires

WARDWELLS "LEAD THE WAY.''

YEARLING HOME-BRED RAM.

In 1907 we won CHAMPION RAM at Chicago International, Michigan State and New York State Fairs, and every FIRST PRIZE at Vermont State Fair. We have the best Aged, Yearling and Ram Lambs, the best Aged Ewes, Yearling Ewes and Ewe Lambs lor sale— and at reasonable prices—we ever offered, either for breeding purposes, or if you want to buy a Show Flock for the coming Fair Season, we believe we can sell you Sheep that will win at State or County Fairs.

We pay not only great care to get the BEST in importing, but even more care in selecting our breeding flock. This is undoubtedly the reason our flock has such a great reputation.

We have about 60 Rams and 60 Ewes for Sale, fit to go in any flock—besides 100 Lambs for sale.

HENRY L. WARDWELL,

Springfield Center, N. x.

Dorset Sheep For Sale.

I have to offer this season a large number of Dorset rams of the ages of lambs, yearlings and two-year-olds My sheep are of the best type and quality having been selected from the best flocks in America. Prices reasonable. SAMUEL T. HENINGER, Burkes Garden, Va.

WOODLAND FARM.

OORSETS.

some more good ones later. We have a few % blood yearling ewes that we can spare. J. E. WING & BROS., Mechanicsburg, O.

KD6HWOOD STOCK FARM

DORSETS

Onr fall lambs are now ready for rou. Let us hear from you promptly this year.

J. D. ARBTTCKLE A SONS, Maxwelton, Greenbrier County, West Virginia.

CHESTER WHITES

Best hogs on earth. Pig3 now ready for fall delivery. Stock A No. 1 Satisfaction Guaranteed. S. M. WISECARVER, Rustburg, Va.

A JOURNAL OF EASTERN TRAVEL "Traveller."

Article I—A Transcontintental Trip.

Really the War Department was responsible for our going, and must accept the consequences. We had never thought of venturing into that far distant and mysterious colmtry called by the poet "the gorgeous East" till a notice came from the War Department to my army brother, who was under orders to join his regiment in the Philippines, to report if any members of his family wished to accompany him thither. At first we thought it rather a joke on a young officer without a family of his own, but when we thought it over, we decided it would be very well for some one to accompany him and look after his health and housekeeping in those foreign parts, and so from the small beginning came the determination for the two travelers of the family to go out and spend the winter with him in j Manila, where his regiment reported at that time. My brother was to sail from San Francisco, on an army transport early in October, 1905, making the trip to Manila in thirty days, ana we planned to go out on an ocean liner and meet him. On consultation with friends who had been East, we decided to cross via Japan, and to stop there till a place was ready for us in Manila. Knowing nothing of the East and its ways, we thought we could go from Japan to Manila in a few days, and that we could get a sailing at any moment we wished. As we knew nothing of trans-Pacific passage, we secured a number of folders from steamship companies, and studied them diligently. Three sailings were open to us, the Dakota, from Seattle, September 20th, the Manchuria from San Francisco, September 27th, and the Empress of India, from Vancouver, October 2d. All these were good boats, but we congratulated ourselves in the end that we could not get ready for the first two, but had to go on the last. It seemed so appropriate to be going East on the Empress of India. Peace was not yet declared in Japan, and the discontent following the treaty of Portsmouth led to riots there which seriously disturbed our equilibrium, and would have prevented our going altogether, at the last moment, if we had not been reassured by the State Department as to our safe passage. On the 24th of September, 1905, we bade adieu to our family and started from Lynchburg, Va., on our transcontinental trip, to take ship at Vancouver. We reached Chicago next day in time to take our dinner at the Annex and make our connection for the Northwest. Even here, we began to notice the faces of people who afterwards became our shipmates on the India. Next morning, we breakfasted in St. Paul, and read in the morning paper that Baron Komura and the Peace Commission would return home

PUBLIC SALE

of ^*r=~

BERKSHIRES

ON WEDNESDAY, OCT. 7, at 1 P. M. At the Swine Pavlllion on the

Fair Grounds

Richmond, Va., the Virginia Berk-'Viire Brepders' Association will hold a Public Sale. The offerings will be sold absolutely without reserve and will consist of

Herd Boars, Sows

and

Young Stock.

Come and start a herd or get something to improve your old one.

D. M. TRICE, Pres., Charlottesvile, Virginia.

BerKsHires For Sale

Pedigree, quality and individuality combined. Call at my pens in Berkshire Barn and see my exhibit at State Fair, Oct. 5 to 10.

B. P. Rock Pullets and Cockerels for

E. F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Va.

SUNNYSIDE BERKSHIRES.

Boars in service. "Premier Duke,"' •on of Premier Longfellow; "Peerless* Premier," sired by Lord Premier III., <nd imported "High tide Commons." Uso a number of sows rich In Premier Mood. Prices reasonable.

W. R. Walker, UNION, S. C.

PURE-BRED

BERKSHIRE

Sows, gilts and pigs of exceptional breeding. Mature sows, good condition, weight 700 lbs, all at reasonable prices.

ELKTON STOCK FARM, Forest Dep., Va.

BERKSHIRE PIGS.

Entitled to Registration.

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS, ENGLISH SETTER PUPS,

(Blue Belton) My offerings are strictly first class.

MRS. G. M. WEST, Vlnita, Va.

FOR MORGAN COLTS

and Fillies and High-Bred Fox HoundJ Puppies. Address,

Dr. JOHN D. MASSBNGILL, Blountville, Tenn.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

917

I have a grand lot of "White and Brown S. C. Leghorn Yearling Hens at $12.60 per dozen if ordered promptly. Some fine Barred and White Plymouth Rocks, White, Buff and Black Orpingtons, Rhode Island Reds, and White and Silver Wyan-dottes. Also bargains in White Pekin Ducks, and White Holland and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. Pair 2-year-old Toulouse Geese, exhibition birds at $7.00 per pair. Pair Brown China Geese, $6.00 per pair. Send your order to-day to

James /If. Hobbs,

1521 Mt. Royal Jive., BALTIMORE. MO.

Pure-Bred

HOGS

Choice Pure-bred Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester Whites, Yorkshires and Tamworth Pigs, all ages, also service boars and fine bred sows due to farrow in Oct. and Nov. Write to-day stating what ■ you want and I will give you prices that will be right for the quality animals I am offering. Address

JAMES M. HOBBS, 1521 Mt. Royal Ave., Baltimore, Md,

Pure-Bred Sheep

numnnaiiw

Choice Registered Shropshire, Hampshire, Southdown, Dorset and Delaine Ram Dambs, Yearling Rams and few older Rams. Special prices to early buyers. Ewes open and bred and few Ewe lambs of Shrop-shires and Hampshires for prompt buyers. Do not delay, order to-day. State kind of Rams or Ewes wanted and prices will be mailed same day inquiry is received. Address

James /If. Hobbs,

1521 Mt. Royal Ave., BALTIMORE, MO.

STERLING HERD

REG. DUR0C-JERSEYS. AND TAMWORTH SWINE

Duroo Boara ready for service, R. W. WATSON. Prttwfcirg, Ta.

RIVER VIEW FARM.

DUROC-JERSEY PIGS

for sale. Strictly pure-bred at $5.00 a piece of $9.00 a pair at eight weeks old.

O. W. COX, River View Farm.

R. F. D. 3 Box 31. Petersburg, Va.

Tamworth Pigs

from Registered Stock of Fine BREEDING.

VOLSTBY OSBUBJf, Blaemoat, Londona O©^ Va.

THOROUGHBRED

BERKSHIRE BOARS, JERSEY BULL CALVES, DORSET BUCK LAMBS.

Sire of Calves, FLYING FOX, 66456, ■on of Flying Fox, who told for $7,600 at the Cooper sale, 1902.

All stock in best condition and guaranteed as represented.

F. T. ENGLISH, Out re vllle, Md.

Girths old-350Ihs.

Jersey nm fiqs mmosm

Husky lellowg, fist growers, easy breeders, reasonable in price,long bodied, small-boned, big proportion ofmeataod fat. Money.makers. Order a pair. Free catalog

A. J. COI LIIVS, BoxR, Moorestown.N. J.

by the Empress of India and had already left New York in a private car for Vancouver. Side by side with this announcement was a notice stating that the anti-peace party had threatened Komura's life, and would probably make a demonstration when he landed at Yokohama. This item was not very reassuring to those who expected to be his shipmates.

At St. Paul we took the Canadian Pacific Short Line, and another day of stupefying heat . set in, as we crossed the wheatfields of Minnesota. The country looked prosperous and homelike, but we were too much worried by the heat to enjoy it thoroughly. Our train seemed to crawl while we were sidetracked for eastern express trains, perishable freight, and enormous trains, carrying the wheat to market.

The next day we were on the prairies, and had as traveling companions a party of Bostonians who discoursed learnedly on the need oC spiritual food, which set the old gentleman opposite to them snoring. On this afternoon, our sleeper was put to the express train from Montreal, and we began to go faster.

The next morning we woke up feeling fresh and alert, and before looking out, breathed in whiffs of delicious air which gave us fresh vigor. We dressed early, to find ourselves at Calgary, Canada, the beginning of the Canadian Rockies, whence flor two days travel there extends a most magnificent panorama of mountain scenery. Undoubtedly there are grander single peaks in other parts of the world, but here one may travel for several days, through an unbroken line of beautiful scenery, penetrating the heart of a mighty chain of mountains in a region almost untouched by man, where nature reveals herself in all her primitive wildness and

JERSEY HEIFERS

AND

HEIFER CALVES

JERSEY HEIFERS—18 months old. daughters of Coquette's John Bull, 63980, whose dam, Coquette of Glen Rouge, gave 22 lbs. of butter In 7 days, and this bull has 12 daughters who have given 2 lbs. butter a day—estimated.

SIX HEIFER CALVES—6 to 8 months old, 4 daughters of Coquetfs John Bull, 2 daughters of Marrett's Flying Fox, son of Champion Flying Fox, all from my very best cows, also

Two granddaughters of Champion Flying Fox—Fox's Lady Cook 207940, and Fox's Lady Forfarshire 200451. These are two beautiful young cows, 3 years old and over. One has given continuously milk showing 7 per cent, butter fat, the other showing 6.6 per cent, butter fat. They are not large-milkers but of extra fine breeding.

Apply for prices, A. R. VENABLE, Jr., Farmvllle, Va.

GROVE FARH

Brooklandvllle, Marylaad.

P. O. Luthervllle, R F. D.; Telephone

and telegraph, 42-K. Tewn.

The property of

James McK. and I. B. Merryman.

GUERNSEYS

The kind that win. Not beaten

In 1907. Shown Maryland State Fair, Allentown, Pa., Mt. Holly, N. J~ Trenton, N. J., Richmond, Va., and Hagers-town. Md. When you buy get the beat. A few pure-bred Heifers and Bull Calf dropped April 16, 1907, out of Imp. Lady Simon, by Mllford Lassie ft Anchor, the Ball that vrlna.

Our Berkshires were unbeaten wherever shown. Write far price*.

ROCK if RING FARM

OITera for Sale

REGISTERED GUfRNSEYS

of the best strains: registered Daroc

and Berkshire Swine: Breeding stock

and eggs from B. Book*. Pekla Daeki,

White Holland Tnrkeya and Guineas.

H. T. HARRISON, Pray.

Leeaborg, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

HVGEIA HERD or

HOLSTESN FRIESS/iNS,

Sons of

*4

Son"

Dam—Pontlac Calypso,

A. R. O. 28.43 lbs.

Sire's Dam—Beryl Wayne,

A. R. O. 27.87 lbs.

We have a few very fine service bulla left for sale by this sire, and several bull calves from some of Hygeia Herd's best females.

Individuals are right; breeding; 1b right; prices are right.

Get in the line of progress.

Write to-day for prices and pedigrees.

Address: Croset,

W. F. Carter, Jr., Agt. Albem. Co., Dr. W. F. Carter, Prop. Virginia.

IT S. SOLDIERS HOME FARM,

Washington, D. C.

Sons of a 32.25 pounds sire. We are offering Holstein bull calves, sired by the only living- son of the great Fre-nesta Hengerveld De Kol. Butter 7 days 32.25; averag-e fat 4.70. Out of granddaughters of De Kol 2nd's Butter Boy 3d, De Kol 2nd's Mutual Paul and other noted sires. At farmers' prices.

REB POLL CALVES

The dual purpose type. If interested in the best farmers' cattle on earth, write for photos and records of ours. We will interest you sure.

H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, W. Va.

Devon Herd Established 1884. Hampshire Down Flock Established 1880.

CATTLE

'U ¥ \J J. S \j£\ i. X JLiJLj

BULLS AND HEIFERS,

HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP,

RAMS AND EWES.

ROBERT J. PARRER, Orange Va.

REGISTERED

DEVON BULL CALVES

FOR SALE. From the largest and best herd of pure-bred Devons in East Va. J. P. TALIAFERRO, Caret, Va.

grandeur. Our train followed the tortuous windings of a valley between two ranges of mountains, so we had to change from side to side to see the varied beauties of the route.

At noon we stopped at Banff, to spend a day in the Canadian National Park. Banff is a neat little village of vine covered cottages, and for the convenience of tourists, the railroad has erected an excellent hotel on the edge of the park. From its broad ver-randas we could look up at the mountains, with towering crags and peaks, eight and ten thousand feet high. Below us. the Bow River made a great plunge into the spray, forming a pretty cascade, and affording excellent trout fishing. We visited the sulphur springs near the hotel, and followed some of the numerous trails over the hills, now gay with autumn foliage, into the sunlit valleys, getting up famous appetites.

The park is a reservation twenty-six miles long, and ten miles wide. We engaged a vehicle from the hotel, and drove ourselves for miles, behind a trusty nag, over the most attractive roads of the park. We went to the zoo, with its herd of buffalo and other Rocky Mountain animals, and gazed admiringly at the big game. Then we drove high up into the mountains for the view, but a sharp snowstorm came up, almost blinding us, and chilling our hands so much that we could scarcely hold the reins. The horse headed right back to the hotel as if from experience, and we thawed out over a fragrant pine blaze, and a cup of tea. The storm was very transient and gave way to a gorgeous sunset, whilst the following day dawned bright and clear. Again we explored the country, gathering ferns, berries and evergreens in the woods, paddling about in the streams and attending a cricket match in the village till the train carried us off. We made no further stops en route, though there are beautiful trips all through the mountains, but sailing day was so near that we had to push on to Vancouver to make our final arrangements.

The scenery grew wilder as we traveled through the mountain passes, and leaving the Rockies behind, came into the Selkirk range. The culmination was reached in the Frazier River Canyon, where from the dizzy heights of an observation car we looked down the gorge far below us. A scene of indescribable beauty and grandeur, stretched before us, snow-clad peaks, glaciers, wooded heights leading to deep ravines, grea* rivers, with many picturesque features of the still almost pioneer life of the Northwest, such as Indian settlements, lumber camps, salmon fisheries, and in the wilds, traces of game.

On our seventh, and last day on the trail, we came into the broad fertile river valley of British Columbia, and gathered our things together for the

Jerseys for Sale

YOUNG BULL, 18 months old,

son of Coquette's John Bull, whose

dam gave 22 lbs. butter in 7 days.

I This young bull is out of Miss

I Bruce, who gave 40 lbs. of milk a

day, making over 2 lbs. butter.

One Bull Calf, grandson of Champion Flying Fox, whose dam, Denny's Bee Queen 189254, has given for months 32 lbs. of milk a day, making over 2 lbs. butter and several other Young Bnll Calves from my very best cows.

Those wanting a pure-bred sire cannot find their equal in Virginia at the prices offered.

Apply for prices. A. R. VENABLE, Jr., Farmville, Va.

Fine ANGUS Calves

AT FARMERS' PRICES.

Several 15-16 Grade Angus Bull Calves ready for service. Will make superb bulls for grading up herds.

Several Registered Angus Bull smd Heifer Calves. Fine individuals, whose development has been pushed since the day they were dropped.

Two beautiful registered yearling Angus heifers, just bred to our herd bull, at $60 each.

Two splendid 3 months old registered bull calves, at $40 each.

All these calves will be sold at farmers' prices. Write at once it you want one of them.

W. M WATKINS, Saxe, Charlotte County, Va.

ANGUS CATTLE.

80UTHDOWN SHEEP.

ESSEX PIGS.

One choice Angus Cew, 5 years old; two choice Pure Bred Bulls, one and two years old. A number of Southdown Lambs, May, June and July delivery, and a few Essex Pigs for July and August delivery. L. G. JONES, TOBACCOVTmB, N, O.

WALNUT HILLS HERD

Reg. Angus Cattle

Yearlings and Calves for sale. J. P. THOMPSON, - ORANGE, VA.

VALLEY FRONT FARM. Sassafras, Gloucester Co., Va.

1 have a nice lot of registered Here ford Balls and Heifers, for sale at farmers' prices. Also a number of grade Heifers and 'cows. My herd represents best strains and choice individuals.

Wm. C. Stnbbs, Prop.

STOCK FOR SALE

2 Fine Mares with Colvs at Side.

3 Large Yearling Mule Colts. Several Weanling Hor!>e Colts,, (by

Standard, Hackney and Coach Stallions.)

All of the colts offered are out of large breeding mares of best qiality.

For particulars and pi ices address, E. W. Link, Manager, P. O. Box 114, Charlottesville, Va., or J. A. Patterson, Owner, 130 So. 15th St., Philadelphia. Pa.

Tell the advertiser where you saw his advertisement.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

919

'WVffl

Make Money On the Old Hens

Every farmer has some fowls not profitable to keep, like very

old hens or young cockerels. Now such birds can be made to

pay handsomely by fattening for market. A little of Dr. Hess

Poultry Pan-a-ce-a given once a day in soft feed will help to do the

work in a way to surprise you. The virtue of this tonic prescription

lies in its power to increase digestion. It is not itself a food, but given

ivith food it causes so much more to be assimilated that the birds simply

can't help but lay on fat, and a great deal of it. This way of assisting

digestion—of making food available—\s "Tlie Dr. Hess Idea" and is

adding thousands of dollars to poultry profits every year.

'^fg^^P?

v^r

besides the bitter tonics well known as aids to digestion, also makes pood blood by supplying iron, and removes waste matter through the agency of nitrates. Given as directed to laying stock, it means a most substantial increase in egg production—perhaps all the difference between profit and loss. Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a (formulated by Dr. Hess, M.D., D.V.S.) keeps little chickens growing right along from the start—something impossible when their weak digestive organs are left unassisted. It is invaluable at moulting time, because it cuts this "off" period down materially and hastens the return to 'aying. Poultry Pan-a-ce-a is endorsed by poultry associations in the United States and Canada, One penny's worth is enough for 30 fowls c ieday. Sold on a written guarantee.

ty 2 lbs. 25c; mail or express 40c Except in Canada and extreme DR. HESS & CLARK,

6 lbs. 60c ; 12 lbs. $1.25 ; 25 lb. pail $2.50 West and South. Ashland, OfosO.

Send 2 cents tor Dr. Hess 48. page Poultry Book, free.

D« HESS

When you're feeding any domestic animal heavily, with a view to fatten it, there is great danger of undoing all you've gained by bringing on some derangement of the digestive organs. It is "The Dr. Hess Idea" to prevent this and keep up the process without Interruption to the finish. To make this possible, he formulated Dr. Kesa SSock Food—a prescription containing bitter tonics, iron for the blood and cleansing nitrates to aid nature in throwing off the poisonous waste material. It never fails to so strengthen digestion that far more ration can be assimilated than would otherwise be the case, and this, of course, means successful feeding. The ingredients in Dr. Hess Stock Food are endorsed by all promiuent medical men and It is sold oil » written guarantee. 100 lbs. 95.00. 85 lb. pall $1.60. Except in Canada and extreme West and South. Smaller quantities at a slight advance.

Send 2c for Dr. Hess Stock Book, Free.

FINE MORSES.

FOR SALE CHEAP.

One sorrel gelding-, coming 4 years old, compactly built, easy to keep, well broken to work anywhere, very gentle, drives and rides well—a splendid family horse; price $150.

One chestnut mare, 9 years old, weighs 1200 lbs., blocky and easy to keep, a first-class brood mare, in foal to a fine Hackney stallion, well broken to ail farm implements and drives well in harness. Price, $150.

One dark bay mare, 9 years old, weighs 1,100 lbs., closely built, easy to keep; No. 1 farm and brood mare, has fine colt at foot by Hackney stallion and has been bred again to same horse, will work well everywhere and ridets well also; price, mare and colt, $165.

These horses will be sold under full guarantee in every respect.

W. M. WATKINS, Saxe, Va.

JacKs

AND

addlers

Imported and Kentucky Mammoth Jacks, saddle stallions and mares and Tamworth hogs. We are making special prices through

the summer season. J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.

end of the journey. Our traveling companions having discovered that we were going to embark on a long (and as they thought, hazardous) journey, became very kind and very much interested. All had books to read on the train and combined to form them into a small steamer library for us. A tinge of compassion accompanied the gift, for they evidently thought, with our friends at home, that we were rash in venturing so far alone. They did not seem to realize that the days of the unprotected females have passed away, and that women can go in safety and comfort, wherever they please nowadays.

At least our railway trip was- over, and we arrived at the crowded station at Vancouver. This is one of the most wonderful cities of the Facific slope, the growth of ten years, built up with fine business blocks, handsome residences, well paved streets and expensive parks. A country fair was going on at this time, and we co'ild scarcely get rooms in the hotel, which was astir with all sorts and conditions of men, coming and going. There was a life and freshness about it all that we do not get in the East of the States.

Our first care was to make arrange-

Farmington Stock Farm

(Owned by Warner Wood's estate.)

Short Horn Cattle.

Yearling Heifers and ysung bulls lor sale- at farmer's prices. Pedigrevs furnished. Trains stop on farm. First station west of Charlottesville, C. tc O. Ry. Write for further particulars to P. E. McCAULEY, Mgr. Blrdwoot, Va.

4 Registered

Short Horn Bull Calves

Ready to wean. From my "Mayhurst" herd. Address

W. G. CRENSHAW, Jr., Orange, Vn.

HEREFORD

PUREBRED

Cows, heifers and calves of very best blood lines and individuality, at reasonable prices.

ELKTON STOCK FARM, Forest Dep., Va.

A Neat Binder for your back aum-bare can ha had for 30 cents. Address arar Business Department.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

Want Ads.

Rates 2 cents per word. Cash with order. Initials and figures count as one word; 25 cents minimum charge.

POULTRY, ETC.

PLEASE NOTE MY TOULOUSE GEESE in the "Virginia State Fair Poultry show. All breeders imported; also Indian Runner Ducks; 8 importations since 1894 when I brought the first Indian Runners that came t° the United States. Birchen and Old English Bantams of very high quality. Select from over 100 Bronze and Wild-Bronze-cross Turkeys. 25-1907 Toms, magnificent birds. I have been breeding and selling for the last 14 years, pure wild and wild-crossed on Wolf Bronze. Mrs. R. J. Farrer, Orange, Va.

FOR SALE—S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS, Brace's strain, finest layers on earth. 15 cocks, also hens, cockerels and pullets. Barred Plymouth Rocks, Bradley Bro. strain. This is the best winter and general purpose fowl on the market, nice birds at a reasonable price. River View Poultry Farm, Rice Depot, Va. Mrs. C. M. Bass, Prop.

FOR SALE—Buff Plymouth Rocks, Cocks, Hens, Cockerels, Pullets and Capons. Early hatch Cockerel and nine Pullets, $10.00. Later hatch Cockerel and nine Pullets. $6.00. Cockerels non-related. Pullets, Capons in lots of R0 or 100. Cocks, Cockerels, $1.50 up. A. H. Kirk, Herndon, Va., Va. Vice-Prest. Buff Rock Club.

SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS— Partridge Wyandottes, Silver Laced Wyandottes, Cornish Indian Games, White Rocks. $2 each: trio $5. Also White Crested Black Polish, turkevs. ducks and guineas. Write for prices. Circular 15 varieties. A- E. Parsons, Berkshire. N. Y.

BEFORE WINTER I WILL SELL some special bargains in S. C. White Leghorn hens and pullets. Buff Leghorns, B. Minorcas. R. I. Reds, White I. Games, White Rocks, White and Buff Cochin Bantams. C. L. Shenk, Luray, Va.

3 PULLETS AND 1 COCKEREL FROM standard bred Buff Rocks, $3.50. Hens trap nested to 120 eggs. Free range, good color, large size, 7 to 8 lbs. Cocks score 89 to 91. Jno. E. Morris, Orange, Va.

A NICE LOT OF EARLY SPRING hatched Muscovy Ducks ready for shipment. Very hardy, excellent layers and good mothers, $2.50 per pair, a trio $3. W. B. Coleman, Mannboro, Va.

SACRIFICE SALE OF SINGLE COMB White Leghorns. Wyckoff Strain, If you want something good now is your chance. Virginia Poultry & Berry Farm, Sutherlin, Va.

WALKER'S WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK Cockerels and Pullets are fine, large, well-developed youngsters from fine laying stock. Write for prices. C. M. Walker, Herndon, Va.

FOR SALE—S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS "Brace's" strain. Best layers on earth. S. C. R. I. Reds, "Bryant's strain." Can furnish utility or fancy birds. Prices reasonable. Address Evergreen Farms, Rice Depot, Va.

SINGLE COMB BROWN LEGHORN April hatched cockerels, and May hatched pullets, for sale, Brace's strain. Stock guaranteed. B. G. Bass, Rice, Va.

MAMMOTH BRONZE AND WHITE Holland Turkeys, $5 trio. Ten "White Leghorn hens, 75 cents each. All of the above pure-bred stock. T. W. Wood, Hewletts, Va.

vVHITE WYANDOTTES—PRIZE WIN-ners and splendid egg producers. Summer cut price egg sale now on at 20 for $1.00. Sunnyside, Jonesville, Va.

PULLETS! PULLETS! PURE-BRED Barred Plymouth Rock pullets from prolific layers, 75c to $1.25. Wm. B. Lewis, Route No. 1, Blackstone, Va.

PIGEONS—MATED PAIRS OF HOM-ers and Corneau, also young Corneau Both birds and prices are right. Sidney Johnson, Boydton, Virginia.

WHITE ROCK AND S. C. BROWN Leghorn cockerels from heavy layers for $1.00. Whitings' Poultry Yard, Harmony Village, Va.

FOR SALE—A NTCE LOT OF GENUINE R. I. Red Cockerels, 75c each. K. H. Ellis, Waverly, Va.

PURE BRED S. C. B. LEGHORN HENS and Cockerels for sale. Mrs. L. G. Irving, Pamplin City, Va.

LIVE STOCK.

REGISTERED DUROC JERSEY HOGS. Have sold out of piers, thanks to the Want Ads. of the Southern Planter, but I have 2 old hogs I will sell in order to reduce the size of mv herd. One boar. Chiefs Colonel 23607. Grand son of Ohio Chief, 2 years old. and one sow, Virginia Model 469S8. by Hierh Chief. 2 years old and bred to Chief's Cplonel. They are worth $50 each hut to move them quickly will sell them at $40 each or the pair for $75. Both first-class and registered. L. G. BLANKENSHIP, Box 202, Roanoke, Va.

FOR SALE—DUTCH BELT BULL Calf 3 months old. weighs 300 lbs. Some think advertised stock is al-wavs high but not true in this case as I have two and onlv want to keep one. F. Sims Shelton, Shelfar, Va.

ONE PAIR MATCHED ROAN MARES five years old, fil inches. One pair matched Shetlands. One child's pony, erentle and kind. Jno. M. Cunningham, Brandy Sta., Va.

YEARLING PURE-BRED COTSWOLD rams. 200 lb. carcass and heavy fleeces: also ewes bred to imported rams, all tops Canadian flocks. E. C. Legge, Kents Island, Md.

REFORE BTTYTNG YOTTR BERK-shlre Plsrs wrlt« m« for my prions and hreedlner. Tt will pay you. Dr. Charles G. Cannady. Rnanofe*. Va.

HAMPSHIRE DOWN SHEEP AND Yorkshire hops; Boars, hred Sows; Piers at weanlner age. only $5 each. J, D. Thomas. Round Hill. Va.

FOR SALE—HIGH GRADE RED POLL Cattle, bull calves, heifers and milch cows. Osmore Stock Farm, Lodore, Va.

SOME DUROC GILTS AND BOARS 4 to 6 months old. Eligible to reerister. Cheap for quality. C. L. Shenk, Luray, Va.

BEST BREEDING OF YORKSHIRE hogs at farmers' prices. W. E. Stick-ley, Strasburg, Va.

ONE FINE JERSEY BULL 2 YEARS old. Berkshire Boards ready for service. Pigs four months old. Prices very reasonable. C. M. Bass, Rice

Depot, Va.

REAL ESTATE.

TO EXCHANGE—THREE-HUNDRED acre farm in Whiteside County, Illinois. This farm is highly improved; soil is rich and productive. Land In this county sells from $75 to $150 per acre; rents from $4 to $7 per acre cash or one-half the crops. This farm is rented for one-half the crops or can be rented for from $5 to $6 an_ acre cash. Price $35,000. There is $16,000 encumbrance, 5 per cent., which can run seven years longer. Will trade equity of $19,000 for land in the South, Virginia preferred. Address Lock Box 97, Sterling, 111.

WANTED TO RENT—FOR THREE OR five years, good grain and stock farm in Virginia with stock and implements preferred. Reference exchanged. Rent in advance. Address Box 76. R. F. D. No. 1., St. Petersburg, Florida.

FOR SALE—ONE STORE HOUSE AND stock of Merchandise. One oyster Packing house, a stock of oysters on bottom shore, rent $1.00 per acre per year, all near steamboat wharf. A big chance to make money. Apply at once to W. A. Rowe & Co., Black-well's, Va.

FOR SALE—654 acres; 65 acres timber; well watered: four houses; four barns: granaries: hen-houses; three orchards; milk taken at door by Borden Company. Price $15 per acre. One-half cash. Hall's Farm Agency, Owego, New York.

FOR SALE, TWO STORE LOTS AND one store house and lot, all fronting on the Court House Square. Mocks-ville, N. C. Good business stands, Address "Owner," Box 19, Mocksvllle, N. C.

FOR RENT—110 ACRE FARM TEN miles from Richmond on graded road near railway station. 5-room house, kitchen, stable, orchard. Rent $100 to right party who will care for the place. Address S. S. Storer, 404 Campbell Ave., Roanoke, Va.

FINE OLD ESTATE, 1,100 ACRES— for sale In whole or parts. Half price If taken soon. Located on York River. Address Box 286, Williamsburg, Va.

CHEAP LAND WHERE INVALIDS ret well ■without medlcln* and ralae $200 In fruit per acre. Eden "Fruit Colony Comnany, Dewberry. Harnett County. N. C.

I WANT TO RENT A GOOD FARM OF 100 or 200 acres. Will pay cash rent or part of crops. Frank Dickinson, Castlewood. Va.

WANTED—100 ACRES TIMBERED lands in Virginia. Address Geo. H. Owens, Addison, N. Y.

SELL YOUR FARM DIRECT TO buyer. Write J. H. Bonnell, Jamestown, N. Y.

BUY BEST VIRGINIA FARMS DIRECT of owner and save money. Write J. H. Bonnell, Jamestown, N. Y.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

921

MISCELLANEOUS.

"HOW TO GET MARRIED." Although a woman, or the art of pleasing men. By a young widow who knows. Young ladies, you certainly ought to read this book. It's only 25 cents, silver or stamps. LeRoys Bargains, Box 202, Roanoke, Va.

WANTED—TO BUT ALL KINDS Wild Blrda and Animals, particularly Tama Deer, Wild Turkeys, White Squirrels, Peafowl, Otters, Red Foxes, Grey Squirrels, Partridges, Pheasants, Beaver. State price when writing. Dr. Cecil French, Naturalist, Washington, D. C.

FOR SALE CHEAP—ONE POINTER, one Setter, thoroughly broken. Retrievers. Pedigreed Collie pups and grown doga. R. I. Red eggs, $1 for 20. Shadybrook Farm, Route 2, Roanoke, Va.

OWING TO A RECENT DEATH IN our family, we now offer for sale our stock farm, stock and implements at a low price. Osmore StockFarm, Lodore, Amelia Co., Va.

RICHMOND

WSSD

Lumber, Laths, Shingles, Sash, Blinds, Doors, Frames, Mouldings, Asphalt Roofing. Yards and buildings covering ten acres. WOODWARD & SON, Richmond, Va.

VIRGINIA

FOR SALE—HANDSOME RUBBER tire private carriage, two registered Guernsey bull calves, one draft mare and one old mule. Address P. So. Planter.

merits for our sailing, so we 'drove at once to the pier where our driver pointed to our ship with great enthusiasm, as the Empress boats are the pride of the place. The India was indeed a graceful, pretty.boat, painted white, with two yellow funnels. She flies the Union Jack, and from her topmast the red and white sailing pennant floats in the breeze. We secured a large, airy room, midship, settled our baggage, and had places assigned us at the table. Then unfortunately the mingled odor,of fresh paint and salt water sickened us so that we returned to the hotel and spent ' the interval before sailing, in- our room, "mal de mer," induced largely by imagination, having full swins: ov&r us. Outdoors the rain descended in torrents, as it knowTS so well how to do on the Pacific slope. This added to the dreariness of our feelings, alone in a large, strange hotel, at a great distance from home. Our resolution began to ebb, and we wondered"'if there was not sornp wnv nf getting out of the trip. But at this juncture, friends from New York, who had discovered our names on^the hotel register, came as a perfect God-'send to look us up, and they cheered and encouraged us so much that we rallied from our passing attack of'low spirits, and set about getting ready to sail

ONE 25 H. P. BOILER, ONE 35 H. P. Boiler, one 25 H. P. Engine and one Saw Mill with all equipments, all in good order, for sale cheap. Apply to H. J. Glass. Ingram, Va.

TERRACING? DITCHING? GRADING? Best $10 farm level for $6.66. Write at once for special offer. Frank Wright, Mf., Cave Springs, Ga.

FOR SALE—NEW INCUBATOR 300 egg. Cost $35. Will take $25 or exchange for White Leghorn pullets. R. A. Burnett, Prince, Va.

FOR SALE—ONE RABBIT HOUND, price $5. One hound and Pointer pup $2.50. Stamp for reply. Jas. Gibson, R. F. D. No. 1, Charlottesville, Va.

BEAGLE PUPS FOR SALE; ALSO ONE well broken Beagle dog. Apply to James R. Parker, Cypress Chapel, Va.

SEE THE "AD" OF SYDNOR PUMP & Well Co., in this issue for Bargains in Second-hand Gasoline Engines.

POSITIONS—HELP.

WANTED POSITION—A KENTUCK-ian who thoroughly understands fine stock breeding, and farming in all its branches, including alfalfa growing, and is familiar with business methods in general, wants postion as manager good farm; am Intelligent, progressive and strictly sober. Charles S. Horner, "Highlands,," Newport, Ky.

HERDSMAN DESIRES POSITION ON up-to-date dair y farm in Virginia or North Carolina. Thoroughly experienced in handling pure-bred stock.

Best references. Or would go on shares with party on a small dairy farm. Please give full particulars in first letter. "Herdsman," care Southern Planter.

WANTED—POSITION AS MANAGER or foreman on truck or seed farm, or to take care of gentleman's place. Have had years experience in all of these lines. Understand running hot house for vegetables. Mixing and applying fertilizers. Can give best references. Address Jas. Kille,

Asheville, N. C, R. F. D. No. 3.

WANTED—LADIES TO INTRODUCE my 1909 Seed Collections. Valuable Presents Free. Sample collection 10c. W. R. Hart, 375 So. Division St., Buffalo, N. Y.

WANTED—MAN OF EXPERIENCE, with family to take entire charge of herd of 40 cows. Give references and wages expected. Address R. B. T., Ednor, Md.

SITUATION WANTER AS FARM MAN-ager by experienced German, single, 36. Address Farm Manager, Southern Planter.

STOCK BARGAINS

One registered Hereford buil 4 years old. Four pure-bred Angora bucks, one Berkshire Boar. One F.nglish bull pup, nine months old. One black pony mare 13 hands high, fine driver and saddler, safe for ladies or children, sound and ■ie^tle. Address J. L GRAY, Norwood,

Montgomery Co., Va., Feb. 13, 19u8. I like the information and - good reading in the Southern Planter,. H. G. CROWDBfi.

0>

MOUND CITY STOCK FARM

Shires^ Percherons, Belgians, Coach and ^ Hackney Stallions*

I will sell at my barn cheaper than any other firm in America. The reason I can sell cheaper Is because my father lives, In England, and he can buy them for me and save all middlemen's prflts. There is no place in America that you can make a better selection than at my place, for I handle nve different breeds. My draft stallions weigh from 1700 to 2200 lbs; my higb.-stepping Hackneys and GoachWs weigh from 1200 to l<7>v*to^i you are In ne»d of afield stallion In your :omm™nity, write and tell me /our wants, and I will try and place one there. I will give you plenty of time to nay for the horse. Every j^j horse is backed up with an

iron clad guarantee, and all of them are good enough to win In any company.

Correspondence solicited, and visitors welcome. If a good stallion Is wanted

In your community please write me. ■, v ^»'

» XV. B. BULLJJCK, Proprietor^ Monndsvllle, XV. Va.

Loudoun Co., Va.., AP> 23, '08. I have been a subscriber' for a number* of years and, always look .forward for the South,er-n 'Planter to' come.

W. B. POTTS.

■Mecklenburg' Co., Va., Apl. 23, '08.

I consider the Southern Planter the best^agricultural monthly published for tie Southern faimer.

\. J. J. MASON".

£

{V

jj (r-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. Chicken and Sweebread Patties.

To one good sized chicken use four sweetbreads, (you can get along with only two). Dress the chicken and cut it up; blanch the sweetbreads, put them together into a pan with cold water, and boil slowly two hours. When done remove skin and bones and gristle, and grind or chop fine. Put two heaping tablespoons of butter into a pan and let it melt, sift in three tablespoons of flour and shake but do not stir till it is blended. Add pepper, salt, celery seet; when the flour is well mixed with the butter slowly pour over it a pint of cream or rich milk; let it all cook until' it is thick, then turn into it the mass of ground meat. Mix well and cook a few minutes. This may be baked in cups or in pastry sheels, and is very nice.

Scrambled Eggs with Sweetbreads.

Blanch and chop the sweetbreads. Let them cook in salted water for a few minutes. Have a hot pan with a heaping tablespoon of melted butter in it; turn in the sweetbreads after draining off all the water, let them cook about ten minutes, then beat into the meat, eggs, pepper and salt, and scramble as usual, and serve on hot toast garnished wit hparsley. Chicken Timbales.

For these it is necessry that you have cups that will stand the heat of the stove or else regular timbale cases. Boil a large chicken and remove all the meat from the breast and the upper joint, run this through the meat chopper twice. Crumble a cup of very stale bread into a half cup of milk and set it on the stove to cook until it is smooth. Add to this the chicken, pepper, salt and and cayenne, and lastly, the whites of five eggs beaten very light. Fill the cups and stand them in a pan of cold water. Let them bake fifteen minutes and serve at once with white sauce. White Sauce.

For this melt one tablespoon of butter, into it blend one tablespoon of flour. When they are smooth, but not brown, add- one cup of cream, stir constantly till it boils, season with pepper and salt and celery salt. Pile the sauce on each timbale and serve at once.

Corn Omelet.

Beat the yolks of six eggs till they are creamy, to them add the con^j from four good sized ears, one tablespoon of flour and a cup of cream or rick milk, pepper, salt and a tablespoon of butter. Beat the, whites stiff and add them to the other ingredients and turn the mass into an omelet pan very hot with a tablespoon of butter sizzling in it. As soon as set and slightly brown on the bottom side, fold and butter; serve at once. This makes both eggs and corn go further.

Baked Egg Plant.

Select medium sized egg plant for

Fall Fashion Catalog Free!

WRITE TO-DAT FOR OUR 64-PAGE

NEW FALL FASHION CATALOG

Containing' latest fashions in Dress Goods, Silks, Ladies', Children's, Misses' and Boys' Suits, Cloaks, Waists, Shoes, Hosiery, Underwear, Gloves and General Dry Goods and Home Furnishings. Send for it to-day. A postcard will bring it to you.

Write for Samples of Dress Goods and Silks.

MILLER & RHOADS,

THE LARGEST DEPARTMENT STORE IN THE SOUTH,

Richmond, Virginia.

Brqmpton Stock Farm.

Several two year old Jersey heifers, calves by side, of superior quality. Two year old Jersey bull and a yearling Jersey Bull—all of Golden Lad strain.

Also a fine lot of high grade Guernsey and Jersey heifers, one and two year old. These heifers are from first-class cows and will make superler dairy cows.

Berkshire Pigs not akin. Collie and Fox Terrier puppies—all of above ready for shipment. Come and see them.

M. B. ROWE & CO, Fredericksburg, Va.

Glenburn Berkshires.

Lord Premier and Premier Longfellow are dead, but we have their best sons. Our LORD PREMIER III is not only a son of Lord Premier, but is a litter mate to Lord Premier II. and a brother In blood to Lord Premier's Rival. Our PREDOMINANT and DOMINANT are probably the best sons of Premier Longfellow. IMP. ROYAL HUNTER is a great individual. We have Lord Premier, Premier, Longfellow, Masterpiece, Cham-br's Duke XXIII., and fine imported sows.

FORFARSHIRE GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS.

Write for Catalogue.

Dr. J. D. KIRK, Roanpkn, Va.

DRE FARMS,

BILTMORE, N. C.

M"3>K*W£bVif<S£ Tne ni ° n standard and show yard qualities of our Jerseys %S?^gr+j.vSjf 9 , are known far and wide as the Jersey breed.

The Biltmore Jerseys are business Jerseys.

During the past year our herd, including a large number of heifers and the dry cows, averaged 5,358.90 pounds of 5.38 per cent. milk.

There are 37 Churn-Tested Cows now at work In the herd.

A few young bulls and heifers, and also bred heifers for sale.

RGFMSlltE'G& w<i stin nave some beauties for sale—Boars and Sows.

PftStifw Barrod and White Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes.^ A W VUi*r y splendid assortment of 1808 males and females for sale. White and Brown Leghorns. Of these we have only cockerels for sale. SPECIAL—200 pair mixed Homers and Dragoon Pigeons, nests and nappies, for sale. Desire to sell as a whole. Prices Low. Send for prices and so forth. Address—

BILTMORE FARMS, R. F. D. No. 2. Biltmore, N. C.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

923

this. Cut each into halves, and scoop out all the inside, leaving the skin about a quarter of an inch thick. Chop the part taken out and add to it some chopped onion, and about as much chopped tomato with the juice drained off, as you have egg plant meat, salt, pepper and a good big piece of butter; put it all back into the shells and cover the top of each with bread crumbs and bits of butter. Put the halves into a pan with a small quantity of water and bake them for more than an hour. Serve hot.

Baked Sweet Potatoes.

Boil the potatoes and scrape off the skin. Slice them and arrange them in a dish in layers with sugar, allspice and bits of butter between them; pour water over them and then sprinkle the top with sugar. Bake half an hour.

Hyden Salad.

One gallon of chopped cabbage, one half-gallon of chopped green tomatoes, one quart of chopped onion, one pint of chopped green peppers with the seed removed. Sprinkle a cup or more of dry salt over these and let them hang in a bag all night. Squeeze out all the juice and add to the vegetables four tablespoons of mustard, two of cinnamon, one teaspoon of cloves, two tablespoons of celery seed, four tablespoons of white mustard seed, four tablespoons of turmeric, two pounds of brown sugar, two quarts of vinegar; mix well and boil for an hour and a half. Keep it for three months.

Grape Catsup.

This is especially good as a relish to be used with cold roast beef or mutton. Pick the grapes from the bunches and put them on the stove in a pan with very little quantity of water. When they are tender run them throueh a sifter. To five pounds of the fruit add two and a half pounds of sugar, one tablespoon of cinnamon, one of allspice, one of pepper, two teaspoons of salt, one pint of good vinegar boil until it begins to thicken. Put up in bottles with new corks.

White Caramel Cake.

Six eggs beaten separately, four cups of flour, two cups of sugar, one cup of butter, one teaspoon of soda, and two of cream of tartar. Bake in a sheet in the biscuit pan and spread over it a caramel made with two cups of white sugar, one cup of milk, one tablespoon of butter. Boil until it will thread then take it off the fire and beat hard, adding either pineapple or vanilla extract; when it is thick, spread it on the cake and let it harden.

Sponge Roll.

Six eggs, four cups of flour, three cups of sugar, one cup of cold water, nutmeg, one teaspoon of soda, two of cream of tartar.Bake thin in sheets, and when done spread with jelly or blancmange, and roll up quickly. Tie a napkin around it to keep it rolled

m

and Fo©d Ctiopp<

"Enterprise" Meat and Food Choppers cut the meat ^s with a revolving steel knife against a perforated steel cutting plate without tearing- or crushing-. Easily cleaned. Practically unbreakable, and will last for years.

The No. 5 "Enterprise" Chopper costs only SI. cut, $2.50. They :

sizes, and not only save half the-work ^^SfJ^S'^SSstft; at butchering time, but are useful in the kitchen every day in the yea

Made in 45 sizes and styles for Hand, Steam, and Electric Power. We also make cheaper Food Choppers, but recommend the above for the reasons given. Illustrated catalog free. Sold at Hardware and General Stores, etc.

o

Lessens the labor at butchering time. Two machines in one. Well made and does its work quickly and surely. Cylinder is bored true and plate fits accurately. Pressure cannot cause meat to rise above the plate. The Patented Corrugated spout prevents air from entering casing, ensuring perfect Ailing and preservation of sausage.

Machine can be changed into a Lard Press in a minute's time. Can also be used as a Fruit Press.

Your dealer should be able to supply you with the "Enterprise" Sausage Stufferand Lard Press. If not, order direct of makers.

No. 85—4 quart Japanned Price $5.50 '

4 sizes Tinned and Japanned

Shell

HI!

The "Enterprise" Bone, Shell and Corn Mill is a good, general mill for farmers, poultrymen, etc., and for compactness, strength and durability is unexcelled. Handy for grinding poultry food and making bone meal fertilizer. Mill shown in cuiSS.50, weight601bs„ grinds Hi bu. corn per hour. Look for the name " Enterprise"' on the machine you'buy.

Grind up dry bones, oyster and other shells, corn, etc., for your hens and watch results.

Other famous " Enterprise" household specialties are: Coffee Mills; Raisin Seeders; Fruit, Wine and Jelly Presses; Cherry Stoners ; Cold Handle Sad Irons. Etc.. Etc.

Sold at Hardware and General Stores, etc. ^

Write for "The Enterprising Housekeeper," a book ^ of 200 choice recipes ana kitchen helps. Tree on request.

E?<3TERPR5S£ K5FC. CO. of

223 Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa

/7

Silver Spring Farm

cotcH-Topped Short Horns.

Some bulls and heifers for sale, sired by a son of "Choice Goods," and out of cows by "Mina's Secret" and "Gay Dewey," a son of "Gay Monarch." Cows are good milkers and healthy, sound in their feet, never stabled and able to take care of themselves under rational cattle conditions; plenty to eat and drink and a shelter to go under whn it storms. "Where it pays to keep cattle, it pays to keep good cattle. All Shropshire lambs are sold.

ROBT. R. SMITH, Prop., Charles Town, W. Va., or Wickliile, Va.

■wsifi'Mm^ 1 ^'

IMPROVE YCUR&TCCK.

CATTLE, SHEEP and POULTRY.

Why not buy now, whilst people who have the goods! want to sell? After we have moved and wintered such will necessarily stand you and us more money. Hundreds of Turkeys, Ducks, Chickens, Sheep and Cattle. Best varieties, standard type, any age or number, either sex, on the Bargain Counter to close partnership. Advise at once -what you can use. W. B. DOAK, Mgr. Burke's Garden Cattle Co., Tazewell, Va.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

[October^

ESTABLISHED 1890

McCOMB &. BLOCK

COMMISSION MERCHANTS

For the Sale of

CATTLE, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, FRESH

COWS, CALVES

In Carloads and Small Lots.

To Buyers of Live Stock: We solicit correspondence from-those wishing to buy Stock Cattle, Feeding Steers, Breeding Ewes, Feeding Wethers and Lambs; in fact, If you wish any kind of Cattle, Sheep or Hogs, we will sell them to you at lowest market prices. Pure-Bred HAMPSHIRE RAMS ready for delivery.

OFFICE UNO PENS: I UNION STOCK YARDS, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA,

'PHONES: OFFICE 1394; RESIDENCE 3224: P. O. BOX. 489

until cold. This is one of the most useful receipts I know of, for any kind of either layer or rolled cake. CARAVEN.

ARE THE RIVER FLOODS

BECOMING HIGHER?

The question naturally arises in connection with the recent river floods are not the floods in the Southern States becoming higher. W. W. Ashe, State Forester of North Carolina, says that they are, and ascribes it to the denudation of mountain land, to the effects of forest fires, and to the large areas of washed and gullied land which sheds the heavy rains in place of absorbing them.

The increase in both the number and the height of floods has been remarkable during the past fifteen years. The higher rises of the floods in the Cape Fear and the Savannah rivers, may be taken as examples. The flood of sixty feet in 1860 was the highest in the Cape Fear river up to that time. In 1903 a height of sixty-three feet was reached, while the present freshet was ten feet higher, or seventy-three feet. The same gradual increase in the height of floods can be traced in the Savannah. For many years the flood of 1830 was the standard, but those of the past decade have been higher, culminating, up to the present, in the one which has just cost the city of Augusta a million dollars, and the loss of two score of lives. The same record exists on many other Southern streams, the Yadkin. Catawba, Pacolet, Cumberland, Alabama, and Santee.

There is no doubt that the actual number of floods has increased that the height of the floods has increased, and that the same amount of rainfall now produces a much higher flood crest than formerly. The destruction of the forests on the headwaters of the rivers -has undoubtedly been one of the important causes. In addition to the land which has been lumbered and burned over in the mountains, there are more than 2,000.000 acres of waste farming land from Virginia to Georgia, having a hard sun-baked

BerKsKire Boar Bargains.

Rather than castrate, I will sell $25-Service Boars for $15, for next 30 days only.

Imported and Lord Premiem NO500001,. blood. Scores of pigs and open and bred gilts cheap. No better blood In the world than my Royal Berkshires. Ordinary stock hogs near the 8 cent mark now.

TMfkCI C WHITR FASSIFERN STOCK

1 nvo. Z>. W n I ■ C A jrD POULTRY FARM,

Lexington, Va.

_ IF YOU WANT THE BEST HOG

Buy from those who gi» 0 their sole attention to the production of the greatest Berkshire Type.

WE DO

Our herd eomprliea the most splendid lines of breeding and indlvldnala that money con fony or experience develop In American and English Bro4

"LORD PREMIER OF THE BLUE RIDGE," 1035S5, the greatest Uvfmg boar, heads our herd. If yon are Interested write.

THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, ASHEVILLE, N. O.

B ERKSH IRES

Choicely-bred young Gilts and Boars for sale.

Call at the Swine Pavillion at the Virginia State Fair, Richmond, and see the kind of stock we breed.

#fe

MOORE'S BBOOK SANITARIUM COMPAM, IIHAKLUITKiKVlLJLU, VA

JERSEY CATTLE.

High-bred Cows Fresh to Pall.

Heifers Bred to Calves in Spring.

Bnlls—All Ages—A Few Ready for Service.

BERKSHIRES.

All Ages and of Excellent Breeding. Get my prices before placing your order. EVERGREEN FARMS, W. B. Gates, Proprietor, RICE DEPOT, VA.

TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

925

MORVEN PARK ESTATE

The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS, Esq.

A Selection of Stock Will be Exhibited at the Forthcoming VIRGINIA STATE FAIR,

RICHMOND, VA., Oct. 5-10 1908,

.Including a selection of YEARLING GUERNSEY BULLS AND BULL CALVES which will be offered for sale. They are well grown animals of excellent quality, sired by our Herd Bulls—Imported "France's Jewel VIII" and Imported "Top Notch" and out of Advanced Register or other deep milking dams. They have all been recently tested by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and bear the official tag of being free from Tuberculosis.

Also a selection! of REGISTERED DORSET HORN SHEEP including a^pen of^four Ram Lambs for sale—sired by Imported "MORVEN'S BEST", 1st English Royal and twice 1st at Richmond, Virginia. These lambs are exceptional] quality, grand bone and fine wool and fit to head any flock.

Also a selection of IMPROVED LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRES—Including some very fine young boars'and weanling pigs for sale.

The public is cordially invited to inspect the various exhibits and to address enquiries at the Show to the attendant in charge.

Correspondence should be addressed to

LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, MORVEN PARK ESTATE,

LEESBURG, LOUDOUN CO., VA

ii ii mi mini im i iwmw—i iiwi iifimi iiiwi in iiwii niliiiiiiiiimiiiiiii i hum

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

WOODSIDE BERKSHIRES

EVERYTHING SHIPPED ON APPROVAL.

IT WILL PAY YOU TO READ THIS CAREFULLY.

In order to make room for our fall litters, we will, for the next thirty days offer a grand lot of pigs from 2 to 4 months old for 25 % less than our usual price. These pigs are sired by our 3 boars, Charmers Premier 94553 2 years old, weight 720 lbs., Master Lee 79379, weighing over 700 lbs. and Lustre's Carlisle 72057 and out of royally bred sows weighing from 500 to 600 lbs. each.

We can always furnish pigs not akin. In order to show our confidence in what we offer and insure satisfaction to our customers, we ship on approval. You need not send check until after you receive the pigs, and if they are not entirely satisfactory in every respsct, you can return them at our expense and it costs you absolutely nothing. We leave it to you whether this is a fair proposition. Address

WOODSIDE STOCK FARM, . S. Farish, Prop., Charlottesville, Va.

soil, which fails to absorb its due proportion of the rainfall. These unfavorable conditions increase every year. Less of every heavy rain is absorbed, and a larger portion runs off, resulting in the higher and more destructive floods. The upland soils of the Southern Piedmont are heavy clays, naturally impervious, unless kept porous by deep plowing or by the cover of forest litter. When dry and baked by the sun this clay is as impervious as a brick. It is the additional five or ten feet of flood water which causes such destruction, and this is the water which these soils would absorb if they were open and porous. Likewise the rainfall of the South is of a very heavy, concentrated character, making it all the more necessary that the soils shall absorb as fast as the rain falls

Can the Large Rivers Be Made Safe.

The Southern States have now reached the point when they must decide whether the large rivers are to be made safe, or whether their enormous value is to be threatened by the denudation of the steep slopes for temporary profit. The permanent value of the steep lands can only be maintained by retaining tnem in timber, and the States which are concerned should on their own initiative take some proper measures for per-netuatino- their earning power in timber, and by this means protect the commence, the cities, the factories and the lands of the large rivers.

The damage to these State.s by floods durinc; the past ten years amounts to more than S20.000.0no. Far less than this amount would have secured future immunity. How much more will it amount to before the States act?

Please mention the Southern Planter

THE HOLLINS HERE

—OF—

HUSH-CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRBESmNS.

-■* A working herd—working overy day in the year.

During the months of April, May, June and July we milked

5 mature cows,

8 heifers with second calf,

6 heifers with first calf. Total number milked, 19. Gallons of milk per day, 80. Per cent, of butter fat, 4.2.

Bull Calves Two to Nine Months Old For Sale

JOS. A. TURNER, General Manager, Hollin* Institute,

Hollins, Va.

THE CROVE FARM.

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS.

«gss$&;.

w '

Four registered Bull Calves from S to 3 months old out of heavy milkers, for sale. Let me price you one.

Registered

■ ■ ..

Berkshires.

Future delivery orders only, taken at present. T. O. SANDY, BURKEVILLE. VA.

N. & W. and Southern Railways.

BerRshires and J erseys

One handsome registered bull 5 months old. Two or three nice cows fresh. Boars ready for service. Nice pigs four months old.

Brace's Strain S. C. Brown Leghorns. Bradley Bros. Strain Barred Plymouth Rock Fowls.

RIVER VIEW FARMS,

C. M. Buss. Prop.

Rice Depot, Va.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

927'

FOR PROTECTING CATTLE AGAINST BLACKLEG.

SIMPLE—SAFE SURE.

NO DOSE TO MEASURE. NO LIQUID TO SPILL NO STRING TO ROT.

SO DIP FOR ALL LIVE STOCK

Kills Lice, Mites and Fleas. Cures Mange, Scab, Ringworm. Disinfects, Cleanses, Purifies.

ANTHRAXOIDS

a saf-e: anthrax vaccin

FOR PROTECTING HORSES, MULES, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS AND SWINE AGAINST ANTHRAX.

WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLETS UPON THESE PRODUCTS.

branches:

Now York, Kansas City, Baltimor.

New Orleans, Bostoo, Chicago,

St. Louis and

Minneapolis, U. S. A.

PARKE, DAVIS & CO.

DETROIT,

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

MICHIGAN,

U. S. A.

branches:

London, Eng. WalkeTvllle, Ont.

Montreal, Que. Sydney, N. S. W.

St. Petersburg, Russia.

Bombay, India.

IMPORTANT

REDUCTION SALE

SELECT REGISTERED STOCK.

i

Jerseys, Holstein-Friesians, Berkshires, Durocs

AT PUBLIC AUCTION FRIDAY, NOVEflBER 6, 1908.

BY THE

Virginia Agricultural and Hechanical College

AT BLACKSBURQ.

This offering is the result of many years of careful selection and breeding. The foundation blood represents the most eminent herds of the world. The herds have grown too large for the present conditions. This choice blood at the Agricultural College and Experiment Station should be disseminated to the advantage of the stockmen and farmers of the State. The College desiring to scatter these richly bred animals throughout Virginia, takes this means of offering them at your own prices.

[Illustrated Catalogue of Breeding Ready Oct. 20:

Write for full information, attend this great sale and spend a profitable day at your own Agricultural College and Experiment Station.

Address,

Dr. P. B. Barringer, Va. Polytechnic Institute,

BLACKSBURQ, VIRQ1NIA.

SALE STARTS 10 A. M. WITH BERK SHIRES. FREE LUNCH AT 12 M. CATTLE SALE AFTER LUNCH.

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[October,

ROSE DALE HERD ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE

"We offer to the farmers and breeders ef the East strictly choice Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. Many of them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Master II. of Meadow Brook; Gay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskle IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, Coquette X., Etc.

They are well grown out. In thrifty condition, but not pampered. Come and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. vTe can please you. Angus Cattle are our specialty. We raise ne other stock, but give them our undivided personal attention.

To avoid inbreeding we offer an exceptionally good herd bull. Write for particulars. Addrena

R03EDALE STOCK FARMS, JEFFERSONT0N,VA.

VIRGINIA HAM. i We note with amazement a cooking recipe in a New England newspaper relating to "Virginia Ham." "Take a ham," says the teacher of cookery, and then follows a formula in which scrubbing and soaking, slow boiling, hay leaves, vinegar and sugar are involved. And this, in a degenerate day, is the New England idea of the Virginia ham! Truly, the chasm has not yet been well brigded. I The Virginia ham belongs to Virginia as surely as the terrapin be-lpns to Maryland, and the canvasback duck to the sedgy marshes and wild celery beds of the Chesapeake. New EJngland has its codfish and its chowder, its Rhode Island clambakes and a multitude of other substantial delicacies not inconsistent with the traditions of high thinking. Why should the descendants of the Pilgrim Fathers and Cape Cod whalers try to imitate Virginia ham?

The real article is grown on a porker with a pedigree. He is not sty-fed or domesticated. He roams at will in the acron-strewn woods where his ancestors have led the free life since early Colonial days. He is no prize hog of the Western market, no moutain of fat with blunted instincts; he is alert and wary, keen of scent, and choice in his habits. Before the sacrifice, to be sure, he is partly domesticated, and fed bountifully on sweet corn, and after he has been transformed into an article of food it is not only the cooking that makes him a feast for the gods. The Virginia smokehouse is an institution, a glory of the State.

Any ham of commerce can be cooked in a rough imitation of the Virginia product, esteemed by good livers the world over, but you cannot transform a ham of a. denizen of a New England sty, or a product of the Chicago stockyards into Virginia ham, even by the employment of a vivid imagination. "Take a ham," indeed! It is no easv matter to take a Virginia ham.—Forest Home Farm, Furcell-ville, Va.

THEY MUST BE SOLD!

ABERDEEN=ANQUS CATTLE

AND

HACKNEY MARES and COLTS.

Owing to loss by fire of our entire plant, including every building except the residence, and because of our nursery business that must now receive our attention, we wish to dispose of the remainder of our herd of Angus Cattle and registered Hackney marcs and colts, consisting of 12 Angus cows, heavy in calf; 9 bulls, 7 heifer calves; 9 Hackney mares and colts. We were for-

unate enough to save them from the flames and they are now offered to the public at prices that will sell them.

NO REASONABLE OFFER WILL

BE REFUSED FOR ANYTHING.

Come and see us or address.

Myer & Son, - Bridgeville, Del,

OTHER HERDS COME AND GO BUT THE OLD ESTABLISHED

SUNNY HOME HERD

OF

ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE

Continues steadily along furnishing cattle of the better class and choicest breeding at the very lowest prices consistent with high quality. Two better bred bulls than "Baron Roseboy" 57666, and "Jester," 60071, are not owned In the South, and the females of the herd were sired by some of the most famous bulls of the breed. Young calves only for sale.

A. L. FRENCH, Owner, Station, Draper, N. C. at the farm.

R. F. D., Byrdvllle, Va.

EXCELLENT

SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS.

By the Scotch topped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by the old reliable breeders, P. S. Lewis & Son, as the best bull ever bred on their farm) by the International winner. Frantic Lad, son of The Lad for Me, champion of America in 1900. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows.

Pure Yearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senator, a prize winner in Canada as a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Drummond, the foremost Southdown breeder in America.

R. J. HANCOCK & SON, "Ellerslle," Charlottesville, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

929

Sewage for Crop Growing.

It probably never occurred to the sheriff of Nottingham that the greenwood in which he sought the redoubtable Robin Hood would one day be cleared away and converted into farms which are said to be models in turning the sewage of Nottingham in Merrie England to valuable account.

These farms comprise an area of over 1,800 acres and the system of broad irrigation is practiced. By means of under-draining from 10,000,-000 to 12,000,000 gallons of sewage is handled every twenty-four hours, the land being treated continuously for twelve hours at a time. About 1,000 acres of the land is under cultivation, the principal crops grown being wheat, oats, rye, kohl-rabi, and cabbage, the yields being enormous. The soil for the most part is of a sandy character with gravelly subsoil and good natural drainage. It is stated that the annual returns from these farms are about $110,000.00.

When such figures are presented, it is appalling to think of the waste ot fertile wealth in the way of sewage and garbage from our thousands of cities and larger towns.

Maps of Rural Delivery Routes.

While for a long time the Post-Office Department has been publishing maps of States and territories showing the post routes, maps of counties having complete rural delivery service and blue-prints showing one or more routes emanating from a single post-office, may now be purchased from the Department at a nominal cost.

Sometime ago Fourth Assistant Postmaster General DeGraw recommended that the Department be authorized to sell these maps to the public, and the authority was granted by Congress at the last session. There is a growing demand for these maps, the county maps being especially useful not only to residents of the particular county, but to any person doing business with or othewise interested in the communities described.

The county maps are marked off in numbered sections of townships and ranges and show all roads, whether covered by rural routes or not; all railroad lines, streams, churches and schools. Even residences are indicated by dots, and all post-offices existing as well as those discontinued on account of rural carrier service are shown.

With the assistance of the rural maps a stranger can easily drive to any portion of a county without seeking further information. The Department has not yet completed the drawing of all maps of counties covered by rural delivery, but arrangements have been made to employ a force of temporary draftsmen until the work is broua-ht up to date.

Soil Analysis Not Conclusive.

The results of chemical analysis of soil by no means indicate the practical fertility of the soil or what kind of fertilization is needs. A certain

PERCHERON HORSES SHORT HORN CATTLE BERKSHIRE SWINE

PERCHERONS. I do not hesitate to say that my offerings at present will be hard to equal, much less excel, regardess of whose stock you compare them with. There is no sense nor reason in farmers going West to buy a stud at an enormous price when they can get a better one, thoroughly acclimated, right here at a figure that will doubtless surprise you. As I will be somewhat cramped for winter quarters, I am tempted to shade my usual prices on some rattling good stallions and stud colts whose size, breeding and conformation are such as will satisfy you.

SHORT HORNS. I have bred these cattle for a number of years because they are the most profitable beef and milk breed. They will do well where-ever they can get a moderately good living. I have some finely bred stock that can be had at prices that should move them. Tip-top breeding and individuality.

BERKSHIRES. My herd has the range of the farm, consequently I have no puny, sickly or pen-fattened stock. I keep them rusting and growing all the time. My foundation stock represents some of the best blood lines. I can, therefore, sell you something well bred., well raised and well priced.

You are invited to come to the farm and make your own selections. Lewis Station, (N. & W.) on the farm.

LYNNWOOD STOCK FARM,

LYNNWOOD, VA

JNO. F. LEWIS, Proprietor.

DUROCS SHORTHORNS POLLED DURHAMS SHROPSHIRES

THE DUROC is the most prolific hog on earth. The large fairs of the West prove that they are the most popular hog of that section. The demand for them in the South shows conclusively that they are the coming hog of the South. We have the largest herd in the East and one of the most fashionably bred herds in the world. Our herd averaged over eleven pigs to the litter this year. Send for printed catalogue if you are interested in hogs. Boars, Sows in pig, Shotes and Fall Pigs for sale—two hundred in all. Send for "Duroc Facts."

Shorthorn Cows, Heifers and bulls, dual purpose, pure Scotch and Scotch topped, at prices that will make you buy.

Shropshire Rams and Ewes, Yearlings and Lambs.

LESLIE D. KLINE, Vaucluse, Va.

TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

[October,

m ft. Lewis Stock Farm

m

THE BEST PLACE) FOR BLOOD AND REGISTERED

BERIvSHIRES

White Leghorn, all breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black Minorca and Rhode Island Red Fowls. Eggs from these pure-blooded bird* for sale.

DR. W. L. NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM, VA.

ajnalysis noted by the Department of Agriculture showed a remarkably high riitrogen content for a particular soil, yet fertilization of this soil* with a nitrogen fertilizer gave marked increase in crop yields. The explanation is that the utilization of nitrogen by crops does not primarily depend upon the amount of nitrogen in the soil, but on the amount of assimilable ni-tlogen, such as the plant can take up ahd the becteriological activity which unlocks the stored nitrogen or other elements of plant food and makes tftem available for the plant's use.

■;The German national forests comprise about 30,000 000 acres, and the vilue of the wood cut annually is in round numbers $60,000,000. Our own national forests in the West are 160,-0&0,000 acres in extent. Our present Forest Service is an expense, but the receipts are gradually pushing up where they will soon be ahead of the expenditures, while the Service is destined to eventually be one of the greatest revenue-producing branches ot{ the government.

1

jln the policy of solid road building thfat has been inaugurated in several States, it is the first cost of laying a firim road-bed that causes the rural tak payers to gash at the largeness of thfc figures. They have become so accustomed to spending money in annual! driblets for repairs that a big, round lump sum to be used at once is a (change in method a little too violent to" be accepted without grave doubts and fears. It is difficult to get av>jay from the belief that the annual repairs must go on anyhow. Such a reality as a road that once built will stay built, and with but infinitesimal repair, for a score of years or so. is out of the common road experience in the country sections that lack of faith concerning the new policy bas been the rule in all the States where a good road law has been put into effect.

The total world's consumption of potash for fertilizer is about half a million tons, of which the United States uses about 125,000 tons

Homer pigeons, in calm weather, can travel at a speed of 1,200 yards a minute. With a brisk wind prevailing and blowing in the 'direction of its flight, a pigeon has been known to make 1,900 yards a minute.

GITY ELLIOTT MITCHELL.

FOR SALE!

BERKSHIRE QILTS and BOARS.

WELL DEVELOPED

JERSEY BULL CALVES

CORRECT DAIRY TYPE.

GREAT PRODUCING ANCESTORS.

Forest Home Farm, pu ^g&KZt LB '

RED POLL CATTLE.

I offer for sale 1 three-year-old bull, 4 cows, 2 two-year-old and 3 yearling heifers; also 3 heifer calves. All registered and eligible to registry in Red Poll Herd Book. Choice breeding and in good condition. Fine opportunity for establishing a herd. Will sell lot or single individuals. Foundation stock selected from best Ohio herd.

JOS. E. WILLARD. Address: A. C. Bleiglit, Sunt., Fairfax, \wl.

FOX HOUNDS.

We have for sale a lot of young Fox Hound Puppies ranging in age from 2 to 11 months. These are pure Walker strain of hounds. Sires and dams, all registered. Our hounds have plenty of speed and wonderful endurance. No quitters. They are all white and black spotted in color. They are great hunters. We keep a fine pack for our hunting, and we think we know what good ones are.

Write for description and prices.

H. A. S. HAMILTON «fc SONS, SHADWELL. VA.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

931

Incorporated 1907.

« STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE."

Capital Stock 9100,000.

THE VIRGINIA STOCK FARM CO.

Incorporated* Bellevue, Bedford County, Virginia.

J. ELLIOTT HALL, General Manager.

§

Copyright 1»0K

By

The Virginia Stock Farm Co.. Inc.

• THE AMERICAN SADDLE HORSE.

A typical specimen of this distinctively American product.

Drawing by Geo. Ford Morris.

"INAUGURAL ANNOUNCEMENT"

Is the name of our first catalogue. It treats of the objects and purposes of The Virginia Stock Farm Co., Inc., and tells in a pleasing manner the reasons which lead to the founding of a concern which promises to play a vitally important part in advancing the live- stock industry in this historic Commonwealth.

THIS BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE.

Will interest every one who is a farmer or an admirer' of high class live-stock. It will be of material assistance to new breeders, as it tells which breeds are best adapted to the requirements of Virginia farmers. It is profusely illustrated with pictures of Standard Types of those particular breeds, made from original drawings by such world-renowned artists as George Ford Morris and John W. Hills. It will be

MAILED FREE UPON REQUEST.

Just write us a post-card giving your name; your address, either post-office box, rural route or street number; your city; county and State, and mention The Southern Planter when writing. Address the company as above, or the General Manager. Write to-day before you forget it.

DO IT NOW!

J. ELLIOTT HALL, BELLEVUE, VIRGINIA.

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[October,

SAW WOOD.

Have you wood to saw? Posts? Poles? Have you any sawing of any kind, including the sawing down of trees of good size in the woods?

If you have, let us tell you that the Folding Sawing Machine advertised elsewhere in this paper is a mighty valuable thing for you. Look through this paper until you find the little advertisement and read it. Then write to the makers and give them a chance to tell you about it—what it is, what it does, how much labor it saves, how easily it is handled, howeasy it is to carry about from place to place, etc.

The advertising is just started in our paper. We welcome it because the Folding Sawing Machine is something every man with wood sawing to do ought to have. Don't fail to look up the ad. and then write to the Folding Sawing Machine Co., Chicago, and let them tell you all about the machine.

THE SEPARATOR NEWS.

"The Separator News," published by The Sharpies Separator Co., West Chester, Pa., is being sent out to readers—the autumn edition is 900,-000 copies.

In this issue of "The Separator News" is more than the usual variety of sound dairy counsel, from many different sources.

Farm separating, of course, occu-a prominent place in the discussion, because farm separating is the policy which is the most promising and most helpful towards farm improvement everywhere, and practically brings more money regularly into dairymen's hands than any other branch of agricultural industry.

What forehanded and enterprising dairymen are doing is told in many ways.

The possibilities for enlarged money making in the dairy are presented in facts and figures.

A new bird's-eye-view of the office and factory at West Chester is shown for the first time.

Offers of souvenirs, including a new book just being published, the words and music of over forty favorite songs, will appeal to every music lover.

Another piano offer, for purchasers of Tubulars, during the year, July, 1908. to July, 1909. is made, and a brief narration of the awarding of the first piano, in January last, is printed. "'The Separator News" will be mailed, prepaid, to those who ask for it. Write to the Sharpies Separator Co., West Chester. Pa., and mention the Southern Planter.

The George Washington University

COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

A three-year graded course, commencing October 1st, and ending in May. The faculty, hospitals and clinics combine to fit students for general practice or government position.

For Catalogue and Information Apply to David E. Buckingham, V; M. D., Dean.

2U3-2U5 FOURTEENTH STREET, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.

POLAND-CHINAS.

A superior lot of Pigs by "Top Chief," Gray's Ideal 65805, and other noted boars. Can furnish pairs not akin to those previously purchased. Come to headquarters and get the best at one-half Western prices. Oldest herd in the State.

J. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va.

THE POPPING OF POPPER. A young person named Percival Popper Once proposed to a girl prim and proper;

She renlied, "It's a go: Still, it's more comme il faut First to pop to papa, Mr. Popper.' —Lippincott's.

QUALITY POLAND-CHINAS

The large, mellow kind—NOT the coarse and rough type. They must he good with such .a herd header am BLACK PERFECTION, a son of the old king of Poland-Chinas, Chief Perfection II. A few CHOICE PIGS anfi BRED SOWS for sale.

II. B. BUSH & BRO.,

Michaux, Powhatan Country, Va.

POLAND-CHINAS AND BEFKSHIRES.

lot of pigs, 6 to I «

TAMWORTHS

A nice lot of pigs, 6 to 8 weeks old

at 45.

3 months old, $7.50; Bred sows, $16 to $25.

J. C. GRAVES, Rnrhoiirnvllle. Ornnnr* Co., Va.

Every Farmer Should Have His Own Thresher I

"Little Giant" Thresher rnm with light power and will clean all kinds of gram— I Mi wheat, rye, oats, rice, flax, barley, kafflr corn and grass seeds. Attachments for I threshing cow peas and for "pulling" peanuts. Made in three sizes—for 3, 6 ana 8 I H. P. Gasoline Engine. Any power can be used. We also make Level-Tread Powers, Feed and Ensilage Cutters. Saw Machines, eto. Send for FREE catalogue. HEERNEK Jfc SONS, 85 Broad St.. Lanadole, Pa.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

933

MAGAZINE.

The timely note of the October Century is struck by the Hon. Seth Low's article on "The Writ of Injunction as a Party Issue," an interesting comparison of the Repubican and Democratic platforms in their treatment of the labor question. The discussion has the value of coming from a man familiar with the point of view of organized labor and in sympathy with its best purposes, while remaining sufficiently independent to form his own opinion.

A biographical feature of more than usual interest and importance is an appreciation of "Lombroso, Prophet and Criminologist," by Guglielmo Fer-rero, who is soon coming to America to lecture and be a guest at the White House. Professor Ferrero defines Lombroso as "a Jewish prophet in the garb of a modern philosopher," and considers his life and work with this definition as a starting point. Other notable personal features of the number are a concluding paper of reminiscences of "Andrew Johnson in the White House," with a surprising statement about The President and Gen. Butler, and "Robert Fulton in France," from the pen of his great-granddaughter, Mrs. Sutcliffe, including Fulton's own unpublished account of his invention and demonstration of the first submarine torpedo boat.

Of special appeal to women is an account of "The White House Collection of Presidential Wares," by Mrs. Abby C. Baker, under whose direction this interesting historical collection is nearing completion. Mrs. Roosevelt has lent her active personal co-operation to the movement, and in order that the collection may remain permanent, has had it placed under the Bureau of Public Buildings and Grounds.

The personal note is sounded again in Commodore W. H. Beehler's "Experiences of a Naval Attache,' In which he tells of a bold raid for information at Rio Janeiro, a reception at the royal palace in Rome, and an interview with Emperor Francis Joseph, and presents an interesting theory as to the destruction of the Maine in Havana harbor.

Quite as absorbing as any fiction— and the short stories of the number seem more than usually varied—is a delightfully chatty account of an American couple's experiences of Spanish hospitality, set down with keen appreciation of all its gracious cordiality and unconscious humor by Mrs. Ellen Maury Slayden. The illustrations are by the Spanish artist, F. Luis Mora.

The number is beautiful with three pages in color from Jules Guerin's paintings of "The Spell of Egypt," showing the Island of Philae, Pharaohs Bed, and the great rock temple of Abu-Simbel, to illustrate the concluding paper in Robert Hichen's charming series on "The Speel of Egypt." Mr. Hichens scores the modern spirit of commercialism to which

I challenge the world to produce as good a spreader as mine at any price. William Galloway

Pres. William Calloway Co.

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$25,000.00

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and Big New Spreader Catalog—sent Free.

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219 Jefferson St. Waterloo Iowa

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All Freight Prepaid and I don't keep you waiting. I don't delay to write a lot of letters. I trust you to make the fair month's trial of my Galloway Spreader when you get it directfrom the factory at Waterloo, Iowa, or shipped at once from one of my Factory's Transfer Stations — Minneapolis-Kansas City—or Madison, Wisconsin. Write me so you can get one of my Gal oways busy on your work for

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CHESTER WHITES.

Registered herd; first piemium stock; largest and most prolific ho& on record; 3 sows, 41 pig's, breeaing- stock, 400 to 700 pounds; easy feeding; Service Boars, Sows In 3J. Fancy Pigs for sale. My time to this breed, 11 years. The best money can buy ana leed produce. P. M. Fl \KHCTISEK, Winchester. Va. National Bank, Winchester, Va.

DO YOU SHIP APPLES?

FOR NICE FRUIT USE THE NEW YORK AND CANADIAN BUSHEL APPJLE BOX. MADE BY THE

SOUTH-SIDE MFG., CO.

Petersburg, Va,

Russell Co., Va., Apl. 20, '08. I like the Southern Planter very much and could hardly do without it. B. S. FUGATE.

St. Mary Co., Md., Apl. 23, '08. The Southern Planter is the best paper of its kind that I ever took.

J. HALL.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

has been sacrificed the rare beauty of the half-submerged temple of Philae. "The Reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill" are as diverting as usual.

Perhaps most delightful of the many good things in the Oct. St. Nicholas is a sympathetic appreciation of "Lewis Carroll: The Friend of Children," by Helen Marshall Pratt, a pleasant companion piece to her narrative in the September St. Nicholas of "How 'Alice in Wonderland' Came to be Written." The sketch is rich in anecdote and incident of this lovable man's boyhood and youth and of his life at Christ Church, Oxford, where he did his work quietly and well and made friends with all the children around.

A few weeks after his death, the sketch concludes, I stood in the deserted rooms in the quadrangle where so many bright hours in the life of Lewis Carroll had been passed, so many friends welcomed, so many books written. For thirty years it had been his home. Piles of photographs, boxes of gay children's clothing, books and pictures, the quaint fireplace tiles—all told the story of a life which had ever been young and joyous, kind and helpful; and on my table to-day is the worn old quill pen which was probably the last used in Oxford by Lewis Carroll.

But the merry, dainty fancies of his fairy tales will live on and on and win friends so long as children's hearts are pure and sweet and so long as older children retain their love of innocent laughter and nonsense.

The short stories of the October issue are unusually numerous and good 1 ; and for frontispiece there is a reproduction of a charming portrait, "At the Piano," by Francis Day. Contents of October Garden Magazine—Farming. Cover Design in color, Early Fall in the Garden, Henry Troth. The Month's Reminder, Your Opportunities in Fall Flanting, Leonard Barron. The Best Bulb for Winter Forcing, C. W. Patterson. Flower Seeds for Spring Sow-inf, W. C. McCollom. Avenue and Shade Trees for North and South, P. J. Berckmans. Flowers All Winter for $2.00, J. H. Spencer. Hazelnuts for the Home Garden, J. W. Kerr. Four Ways of Planting Bulbs, Leslie Hudson. A New Idea for Trimmed Hedges. Alfred Scott Warthin. Udo. a New Winter Salad. Charles A. Sidman. Why Everyone Should Buy Darwin Tulips Now, Wilhelm Miller. How to Raise Cyclamen from Seed, L. S. B. B. What Must be Done This Month, Thomas J. Steed. The Oldest Flowers in Cultivation. VTI. The Crown Imperial, Thomas McAdam. Ornamental Fruits for October, Alfred Render. Snowdrops in a Veranda Box in March, Henry Maxwell. Results from Forcinsr Crocuses, W. J. Young. Protecting; Roses from Winter Cold, Harriet E. Tilton. Propagating Roses at Home, Anna K. Cummins. Success with Tree Peonies, A Dnvmmond.

UMC

NITROCLUB Pis^SHOT SHELLS

^fw They steady your nerve.

™ Confidence in your shells,

your aim. You know U.M.C. Nitro

Shells will reach "way out there" and

Loaded with any standard powder

mechanically exact machines. They

famous 33 primer and are steel

Send for Free Game Laws.

UNION METALLIC CARTRIDGE CO., Bridgeport, Conn. Agency, 313 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

— aijiwmi^ ^——

MR. FARMER!

The harvest is here, and the returns for crops are now visible. Permit us to call your attention to the danger of keeping this money at home, where it is subject to loss by FIRE, THEFT or CARELESSNESS, but deposit it in the Savings Department of this strong Bank, where it will earn 3 per cent, compound Interest, and is protected by the LARGEST SURPLUS and PROFITS of any National Bank, south of Washington, D. C.

Write to-day for booklet, "How to Bank by Mall."

Planters National BanK,

Richmond, Va.

Capital,

Surplus and Profits

$ 300,000.00 $1,140,000.00

CLARK'S SAMPSON TOBACCO PRESS AND JACKS.

Every tobacco grower should have one or more of these presses. Save money by using this press; make money pressing for others. The platform of this press is 3y 2 feet wide and 4 feet long. The height In the clear is 4 feet. The press or jack stand is on top of the beam overhead. This is a very powerful press.

Many Hundredsof them are now in use in the tobacco Sections

We sometimes make them much larger for special work. It is used for pressing in barrels, hogheads and cases, fruit, tobacco, dry goods, also for tank scrap, etc. It weighs about 560 lbs. The wood work is made of the best hard maple, ash or oak. The iron work is constructed of the best malleable iron and steel, strongy bolted together. Write to-day for FREE BOOKLET and Special Prices. CUTAWAY HARROW CO , 861 Main St., HIG6ANUM, CONN.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

935

Grape Training in the Cold North, T. McA. Outdoor Opportunities in October, Evergrene and Avenue, Shade Trees, P. J. Berckmans. Treating Seed Oats for Smut, R. M. Winans. Diseases of Bees. Another View of Roadside Gardening, Charles Elmer Jenny. Keeping Hens Profitably, S. D. Hain-ly. Garden and Farm News. Answers to Queries. Published by Dou-bleday, Page & Co., New York. A Strong and Well-Balanced Magazine.

October marks the real beginning of the fall campaign in Magazinedom, and calls forth the strongest efforts of publishers and editors. Lippincott's responds by bringing out an especially good number for October. The complete novel is of an unusual type, with Hawaii as a background. The writer, : Jessie Kaufman, lived for sometime in this "Paradise of the Pacific," and she gives us a most realistic picture of life there. Her character drawing is wonderful, and one cannot but suspect that she has taken the liberty of sketching various people whom she has met. The plot has to do with the mysterious disappearance of a costly jewel during one of the delightful social functions characteristic of the Islands. Circumstances point to the guilt of one of two men, both of whom seem to be above suspicion. But the real culprit is finally revealed, and all ends happily, though not before there has ensued a series of entanglements and complications which would prove most harrowing in real life, and which in the story keep the reader constantly on the qui vive to see what is going to happen next. But despite the strength of its plot, there is a great deal of comedy about the story, the dialogue being delightfully humorous in places.

There is the usual array of clever short stories, the most noteworthy being "The School-mother," by Owen Oliver; "The Finhead," by Caroline Lockhart; "The Angel of Happy Hollow," by Luellen Cass Teters. "Cupid —and a Call,'" by Edith Morgan Wil-lett, and "The Lone Huntsman," by Joseph A. Altsheler.

Herbert Dunlap writes of "The Racial Potpourri of the Isthmus," telling of the remarkable hodge-podge of nationalities represented among those who are digging Uncle Sam's big ditch in Panama. George L. Knapp discourses entertainingly on "The Service of Fear." Mrs. La Salle Corbell Pickett contributes "A Memory of Pickett's Brigade." There is also a striking and illuminative article on "Founder's Week," Philadelphia's big celebration marking her 225th birthday. All who have thought of visiting the City of Brotherly Love during the week beginning October 4th will do well to read this paper.

Poems by well-known singers and the humorous section, "Walnuts and Wine," complete the number—a very creditable one.

BUYAmGON

ONCEINYOUMlFETIME

A POOR wagon is the poorest kind of an investment. There is too much hard work to do, the loads are too heavy, the roads are too rough and the wear and tear too great for a wagon of inferior material and poor construction to stand the strain. It is the wisest policy to buy a wagon that has a record as a durable wagon. <-*

If you are about to purchase a wagon why not assure yourself in advance of long, satisfactory service by buying one of the well known and dependable I. H. C. wagons?

The Weber The Columbus The New Bettendorf

The two first named wagons are old timers, well known all over the country as of superior build and material and giving long satisfactory service. The Weber wagon has been manufactured 64 years. Many a farmer is able to testify that his Weber lasted him all the years of his active farm life. And as many more farmers are using the first Columbus wagons manufactured. These are standard high grade wagons, and there can be no possible mistake in purchasing them.

The New Bettendorf is the all steel gear wagon, practically unbreakable. It is the wagon for all climates and a guarantee against breakdowns and repairs in all kinds of heavy work.

Why not make sure of long wagon service?

There is no better place to begin than with the International agent in your town. Go and see and talk wagon to him. He will supply you with catalogs and give you all needed information. Or write direct to the Home Office.

International Harvester Company of America, Chicago, U. S. A.

(Incorporated)

THE

American WelS Works

AURORA, ILL., U. S. A. CHICAGO, ILL. OALLAS, TEXAS,

Build the Standard BORING, CORING or ROCK PROSPECTING MACHINERY Your Traction Farm Engine will successfully drive. In prospecting, that ^s^flM OIL, GAS or WATE R problem. Also build FULL LINE heavy PUMPING MACHINERY. Catalog mailed on roguest.

California Privet

An ideal hedge for lawn purposes. A quick grower. No thorns Write for free catalogue of Trees, Plants, Vines, Garden Tools, etc. Spray. Pumps and Spraying Mixtures. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box R, Moore.stown, N. J.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

CANDOR.

The Colonel had remonstrated vigorously with Uncle Eph about the old darkey's persistent excursions into the state of inebriation.

Uncle Eph, though he promised faithfully to refrain from frequent dips into the flowing bowl, failed to live up to the Colonel's expectations.

On numerous occasions the Colonel saw Eph under the influence of liquor, but the darkey, when taken to task stoutly denied the accusation, affirming emphatically that he did not drink.

One evening the Colonel, met Uncle Eph in a condition which made it plainly evident that the darkey was "caught with the goods on."

"Eph," began the Colonel, seriously, "I thought you told me that you had given up drink?"

"Ah, sho' did, Kern'l; ah sho' did," replied Eph. "But lately ah dun took up drinkin' an' gib up lyin'."—Harper's Weekly.

FILIAL DEVOTION.

A Southern Congressman tells of a darkey in a Georgia town whose best quality is his devotion to his aged parents.

Once the Congressman asked Pete why he had never married.

"Why, boss," explained Pete, "Ise got an ole mudder. I had t' do for her, suh. Ef I doan' buy her shoes an' stockin's she doan' git none. Now, boss, you see ef I was t' git married I'd have t' buy 'em. fo' man wife, an' dat'd be takin' de shoes an' stockin's right outer my ole mudder's mouf."— Harper's Weekly.

USEFUL ROOFING INFORMATION.

Any one who is considering the roofing proposition should secure the booklet on Amatite, which has just been published. This booklet is full of practical information. It gives pointers that will enable you to know what's what in the roofing line. This booklet is published by the oldest roofing manufacturers in the country and may be relied upon for accuracy. It is mailed free to any one sending their name and address. A sample of Amatite, with its mineral surface, which has made such a success as a lasting protection against the weather, is also sent with the booklet. Both are free and are well worth inspecting.

Address nearest office of the Barrett Manufacturing Co., New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, St. Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Kansas City, Minneapolis, New Orleans.

1

GRASS SEED

CLOVER SEED

TURNIP SEED

SEED WHEAT

SEED RYE

SEED OATS

FERTILIZERS

POULTRY SUPPLIES

DAIBY FEEDS

HORSE FEEDS

MOLASrES FEED

GLUTEN MEAL

Send for Samples and Prices.

S. T. BEVERIDGE & CO.,

1217 E. Cary Street, Richmond,

..ELMWOOD NURSERIES..

— We are Growers and Off er a Fine Assortment of—

APPLES,

CHERRIES,

NECTARINES,

GOOSEBERRIES,

RASPBERRIES,

ORNAMENTALS,

PEACHES,

PLUMS

GRAPH VINES,

STRAWBERRIES,

ASPARAGUS,

SHADE TREES.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

PEARS,

APRICOTS,

CURRANTS,

DEWBERRIES,

HORSERADISH,

HEDGE PLANTS.

J. B. WATKINS& BRO., Midlothian, Va.

AGRICULTURAL LIME.

from

MANUFACTURER TO FARMER CHEAP No Agents

Lime Screenings and Run of Kiln.

TAZEWELL WHITE LIME WORKS,

- No. Tnzewell, Ta.

Wythe Co., Va., Apl. 27, '08.

The Southern Planter is the hest paper that has printers' ink on it, and I take several farm papers. Would not give the Planter for them all. Do not want to miss a single copy.

H. C. BUCHANAN.

GROUND PHOSPHATE ROCK.

Manufactured by us analyses 28 to 30 per cent. Phosphoric Acid, and is the most economical form of Phosphoric Acid known. Write the Department of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C, for Farmers' Bulletin, No. 262 and A-52, for information, sent free. For prices and other information, address W. B. ALEXANDER & CO., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn.

When corresponding- with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

937

•KJ KH-tH-JW-S-KH-O -HW<H^Mh>KH<H^^W^W<H^WhM><i ^*«H^4^«H<H<f«H^>HWH>«HH>:«HH>4^

1880

SAVAGE SEEDS

1908

We have in stock the following- varieties of new Seed, such as GERMAN OR CRIMSON CLOVER, SEED RYE, SEED OATS, OLD FASHION CLOVER SEED, TIMOTHY, HERDS GRASS SEED, KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS, ORCHARD GRASS. WE ALSO HANDLE GRAIN, HAY, MILL FEED, ETC. Write us for prices and samples.

We sell the purest and best Seed Grain and Grass Seed grown in this country. Guarantee quality as good and prices as reasonable as any other house in the trade. Write for prices.

We nre also large buyers of Home-Grown Seed Grain and Grass Seeds Send Samples and we will make you offer delivered at your railroad station.

N. R. SAVAGE & SON, :: RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

PERSONAL.

In a personal letter from Mr. G. F. Marsh, B. S. A., lecturer and field representative for the German Kali Works, of New York, he wishes to be remembered to all his friends in the Old Dominion.

While in Virginia, he had charge of the experimental work of the above company, and was the means of causing many of our farmers to study the matter of the proper fertilization of their soil, and the economical combination and purchase of their fertilizers, and in this way his work will be of lasting benefit to the farmers of this State.

For the past year he has been located in New York State, where he has been carrying on the same work, supervising experiments, doing lecture work among the Grangers, and carrying on a general educational campaign for the better cultivation and fertilization of the soil. He reports that New York soils as a whole respond very readily to potash, even heavy granite clays, which are generally supposed to have a sufficient supply, respond with good results from the application of potash.

In contrasting New York methods with the Virginian, he says, that, in many ways, we have nothing to learn The Northern man has, like his Southern cousin, a great respect for old established customs, and is slow to adopt up to date methods for the fertilization of the soil, and uses the same old 2-8-2, that the editor of this paper has so often condemned, and even worse, 1-7-1.

ESTABLISHED 1850.

S>

TREES!

1,200 ACRES.

S>

We are wholesale growers of first class nursery stock of all kinds, Fruit, Sbade, Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery, Hedges, Small Fruits, etc., Asparagus, Strawberries, and California Privet in large quantities.

The BEST is the CHEAPEST. Ours is the CHEAPEST because it is the BEST. Handling Dealers' orders a specialty. Catalogue free.

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY COMPANY.

Baltimore, Maryland.

Rockbridge Co., Va., Feb. 10, '08. I am delighted to see Prof. Massey contributing again to the Southern Planter which, with its high tone and reliability, should receive the support of every farmer. Indeed, it is interesting reading to those who do not farm. T. M. WADE.

42 YEARS EXPERIENCE.

OLD DOMINION NURSERIES,

W. T. HOOD & CO., Prop., Richmond, Va.

Growers of High Grade Nursery Stock.

Special Inducements in Peach and Kleffer Pears for Commercial Orchards. Full line of Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, Roses, Shrubbery, Etc. Plant a California Privet Hedge—none better. Write for our descriptive catalogue of 64 pages—Correspondence Solicited.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

All inquiries must reach us by the 15th of the month previous to the issue, or they cannot be answered until the month following.

WARTS—STATE VETERINARIAN.

Pleast etell me what will take away seed warts on colt's nose. Her whole nose is literally covered. Would be glad for you to tell me also what claim, if any, a farmer has on the State Veterinarian, his name, and address.

Prince Edward Co., Va. G. B.

The usual and proper way to remove warts from an animal is to clip them off close to the skin and touch the roots with caustic but if a colt's nose is covered with them we should hesitate to use this remedy as it would make the whole nose so sore as to interfere with the colt eating. We should proceed gradually, taking off one or two of the largest at a time and thus get rid of them by degrees.

The State Veterinarian is Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, who resides at Burke-ville. It is his duty to investigate and assist in the suppression of any serious outbreak of infectious diseases in live stock in the State but it is not part of his duty to treat isolated cases of ordinary diseases of stock. If you will give him particulars of any disease affecting any of your animals he will no doubt be glad to consider the same and let you know whether he regards it as of sufficient importance as bearing upon the health of the live stock in your section to investigate it further.—Ed.

TUBERCULOSIS—LUMP JAW. Please tell me how tuberculosis affects cattle, also lump jaw.

SUBSCRIBER.

It is not possible to give you such a definition of symptoms as would enable you to diagnose tuberculosis in your cattle. If the symptoms were so plain as that an ordinary person could at once point them out it would not be necessary to use the tuberculin test to decide whether the disease was present. There have been thous ands of cattle condemned as tuberculous which to the eye of the ordinary observer and even to the eye of the veterinary expert, appeared perfectly healthy which nevertheless reacted when tested and on slaughter were found to have tuberculous lesions. Ar animal far advanced in the disease. like a person afflicted in the same way can be easily detected by the wasting away of the body but long before this is apparent the animal ought to have been slaughtered. Whilst the tubercu lin test is not absolutely certain, anO therefore to be relied upon only with caution and after observation and re test after isolation, yet it is practically

Put both in and mix

OTASH

The Last Call

We have been telling you all along to use not less than 6 per cent, of Potash in your wheat fertilizer. We have told you how to add 6 per cent, of Potash to bone or phosphate, by mixing 100 lbs. of either with 15 lbs. of Muriate of Potash. Have you arranged to do this! To increase your wheat crop at a cost of less than 10 cents per bushel?

If not, telephone to your dealer to get the Potash at once—or, to furnish you with a 2-8-6 fertilizer for your wheat—equally good for rye. Potash is profit. But nest week we may be too late to get the goods delivered in time for use. Therefore, do it now.

Send for Our Books, containing facts about soil, crops, manures and fertilizers. Mailed free.

GERMAN KALI WORKS, Candler Building, Atlanta, Georgia

New York—93 Nassau Street Chicago=Monadnock Building

SEED OATS

For

Sale

800 BUSHELS

Virginia Winter Grey or Turf Oats

This is without doubt the best WINTER OAT in America. Ours were sown in the Fall especially for seed and are guaranteed absolutely true to name. They are of a very superior quality and extra heavy, grown in Albemarle County, in the Piedmont section of Virginia, where the very best seed oats obtainable are produced. Samples sent on application. Last Fall we could not supply the demand.

Address:

WOODSIDE STOCK FARM

R. S. FARISH, Prop , - - - - CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.

HERCULES Steel Stump Machines-,

STRENGTH

TO THE

SQUARE INCH

120.060 LBS

do the work of three iron grubbers. No staking down required. Pull THr powtR \ trees as well as stumps. Less cum-^TunpwLLtn) bersome than iron, easier handled, price almost as low. The only steel grubber and it's un breakable. We pay-freight and guarantee for three years. Write for catalog and price list.

HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., Dept. i r Centerville, Iowa, U. S. A

400% stronger and 60$ lighter than iron.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

939

Let Me Fay the Postage on>

My Big Free Buggy Book to You

Although these books cost me 8cents each to mail, tor postage alone, yet I'll gladly bend you one, FREE, because I want you to know about SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES—Made to Order-Sold Direct From My Factories to you on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL— Guaranteed Two Years.

0££

This Book Means a Saving of $25.00 to

~WTC. Phelps ' on J us * the Vehicle you want—because of the DIRECT Factory Prices it quotes you. Get this Book—sit

and look it over. It contains actual photographs of more Vehicles and Harness of every description than could be shown in ten dealers' salesrooms—over 125 different styles of Vehicles and Full Line of Harness.

This is my latest 1908 Book—and it is truly a Buyer's Guide. It not only gives descriptions and prices—but it also; tells how good Vehicles are made—why they are better made my way—all running parts made of Second Growth Sb.ell-£| bark Hickory—split with the grain—not sawed across it—thus giving extra strength and long wearing qualities. ]

SPLIT HICKORY Vehicles are trademark Vehicles—known in every state in the Union for highest qualities and

LnTm^ci^rated 3© DAYS' FREE TRIAL PLAN £&•£»

Making Vehicles to order, I give you any option as to finish, style, etc.,—that you get from no other manufacturer. Buying direct from my factories brings you in touch with the people who make your Vehicle. ijjf My Two-Year Guarantee is to you—direct. My Free Trial Plan is to you—direct. My prices are to you—direct. No roundabout transactions as when buying through dealers. No dealers'profits added in the price of your Vehicle—all meaning a big saving and more satisfaction to YOU. Over 125,000 Split Hickory Vehicles now in use. LET ME SEND YOU THIS BOOK AT ONCE. Address

H. C. Phelps, President, THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFC CO., Sfa.294 Columbus, Ohio

You

down of an eveniDg

^Tvr.'.:'•■.■.-•:.:.-.c-Js;- t

WmMm

the only means we have of knowing of the existence of the disease in its incipient stages.

Lump jaw is easy of detection as the characteristic lesions on the jaws of the animals are apparent at an early stage of the disease and if proper treatment is administered it can soon he cured—Ed.

LAND PLASTER.

When is the best time to put down land plaster for wheat, in fall or spring, and how much per acre? Flease answer in your next issue.

Warren Co., Va. J. H. DAVIS.

Land plaster (sulphate of lime) has not for many years been found to be profitable to use as a fertilizer in the South. We have reports from many sections of this State making this complaint. Formerly it gave excellent results. The reason for this is not far to seek. The efficiency of the plaster depends on the quantity of available potash in the soil. Formerly large quantities of lumber were burnt on the land in the process of clearing it and ashes were also applied. This put into the soil much potash in an available form and the plaster applied on this land told at once. Now nearly all the plaster in the soil is in an unavailable condition and can only be made available by the use of lime in the form in which we find it in burnt limestone and burnt oyster shells, that is the carbonate form. In the sulphate form as found in plaster it is much less effective in making potash available. Again, the need of applying plaster is largely obviated by the fact that in using acid phosphate as a fertilizer sulphate of lime (plaster) is applied. In every ton of acid phosphate applied there is also applied to the land 400 pounds of sulphate of lime (plaster), and thus th" land is kept supplied with sufficient c : .s material. Instead

STRONGEST FENGE MADE

"\

When you buy our High Carbon Coi led Spring Fence you buy strength, service and durability combined. Twenty years of experience—hard knocks, has taught us that the best fence Is made from heavily galvanized Coiled Spring Steel Wire

CLOSELY WOVEN FROM

TOP TO BOTTOM

Our Fence Is so closely woven that small pigs cannot "wiggle" through It. So strong the vicious bull cannot "faze" It. We have no agents. We do not sell to dealers but sell direct to the user

AT WHOLESALE PRICES

FREIGHT PREPAID

Coiled Wire provides for contraction and expansion and prevents sagging between posts. Every pound of wire in our fence is made in our own wire mill from the best high carbon steel. We give

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

That our customers may be sure they are satisfied. We make a full line of FARM AND POULTRY FENCE. Our Wholesale Prices will save you money. W rite today tor our 40 page free Catalog.

COS LED SPRING FENGE COMPANY, Box 52 Winchester, Indiana*

. ■•' :'

We make an extra ho&vy fence in which every wire—both strand and stay—are Ho. 9 gauge. These fences are Hilda of the best f j.ice material in the world—Hard, High Carbon "Double Strength" Coiled Spring Steel Wire, thickly galvanized. A more substantial and durable fence was neier stapled to posts. 15 to 35c per Cod delivers-d—We pay freight. Send for our free sample and catalog flowing 150 styles offences.

"HE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO., Dept,

Send today. CLEVELAND, OHIO.

msmsk^A*Ksi=>- i- ei

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

of applying plaster to the land for the wheat apply one ton to the acre of newly burnt limestone or oyster shells as soon as the land is plowed, and supplement this with 150 pounds of bone meal and 150 pounds of acid phosphate to the acre applied a week or ten days after the lime has been worked into the land, and the wheat will then have something which it needs to make its growth and perfect its grain. Lime, either the carbonate or sulphate form, is not strictly a fertilizer. Its action is to destroy acidity in the soil and make it slightly alkaline, or. as farmers usually say, to sweeten the soil. It also acts on the physical and mechanical condition of the soil making it, if a heavy soil, more open and porous, and, if a sandy soil, more cohesive. It makes the soil a fit home for microbic life, and upon this microbic life in the soil depends much more its productivity than upon the actual amount of plant food present. The plant food in the form of mineral fertilizers, phosphoric acid and potash, and the organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen, are, of course, necessary to the good growth of the crop, but they can never exert their full influence without the presence of microbic life in the soil and this cannot exist and persist in acid soil or soil lacking in humus, that is to say the soil must be sweet and friable if the crop is to be able to get the best results from the plant food present. Do not waste money in buying plaster. You can get all your land wants of this in the acid phosphate you buy and at the same time get the phosphoric acid which your soil needs much more than any other mineral fertilizer.—Ed.

ICE HOUSE.

Please tell me if an ice house built of concrete block would keep ice all right, and which would be best, above or below ground, provided the latter had a good drain? And please give me your ideas and how to build one, and oblige. A SUBSCRIBER.

Fairfax Co., Va.

Whilst we have never known an ice house to be built of concrete, we know of no reason why such a structure would not be just as effective as one built of any other material. Send to the Department of Agriculture, Washington, and ask them to send you the Bulletin recently issued on Concrete Construction. We have not a copy of this Bulletin at hand for reference and do not recall whether it is advised for use in building an ice house, but you will find it very useful if intending to do any concrete work. We would build the house above ground and give it good drainage with a trapped drain. —Ed.

ASPARAGUS GROWING. In your October number will you kindly advise as to the cultivation and care of asparagus? I have recently

Don't Buy a Stove or Range Until You First See

How Much

You Save

By Getting

a Kal&niazog

Direct to You"

TRADE MARK REGISTERED

YOU want to make every cent you spend this year, count for quality and economy.

If you need a stove or range, don't buy until you get our factory prices. I promise you that I will save you $5, 86 or $10 on our smallest stoves, and as high as $18, $20 and even $30 on our largest. And I promise you that you cannot get anywhere at any price, a better stove or range than the Kalamazoo.

Just let me quote you prices. Take our catalogue and compare the Kalamazoo quality and prices, with the best line of stoves and ranges you can find sold at retail. That will tell the story. You can see for yourself. You want to save money and you want to get high quality. Why not investigate our plan, then? Why not let me show you the difference between manufacturers' prices and retail prices on stoves or ranges?

We sell to you, direct from the factory, at actual factory prices,

On 360 Days Approval Test-

.We Pay the Freight

I promise, in black and white, to refund your money—every cent of it—if you do not find your purchase in every way exactly as represented.

Kemember, every Kalamazoo is of the highest possible grade, made of the best materials and in the best manner. You deal directly with the manufacturers—a company that has a larger number of individual customers than any other stove company in existence. We have sold thousands of stoves and ranges to readers of this journal, and no doubt can refer you to near neighbors who have saved money by buying a Kalamazoo.

Many customers write that they have saved enough on a single Kalamazoo to pay for a whole season's fuel. You can save enough to buy a new suit, a new dress, an article of furniture, or perhaps to pay your taxes. Is it not to your interest to get our prices?

Send Postal for Catalogue No. 400

All Kalamazoo cook stoves and ranges have patent thermometers which make baking and roasting easy.

describing more than 300 sizes and styles of Coal and "Wood Ranges, Coal and "Wood Heaters, Hotel Ranges, Base Burners, Laundry Stoves, Etc.

I know that if you get our prices—and see our quality you will not even think of buying any other make. Let me show you how much you can save.

William Thompson, Vice-Pres. & Gen. Mgr. KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mirs. Kalamazoo, Mich.

FREE

STOVE and RANGE

BOOK^Mpagfs

Write for it today

This book will save you from $12to$30whenyoupurchaseastoveor range. It ' explains how the best and finest stoves and ranges || in the world are made, and tells you how to "know

" H00SIER STOVES and RANGES FROM FACTORY TO USER

Are heavily made of highest grade

selected material, beautifully finished,

with all new improvements and features,

"Guaranteed for Years," backed

by a million dollars. "Hoosiers" are fi

cavers and easy bakers. A child can operate,

them. Unsold on 30 days free trial. No Freight to pay, '

(Z^ Write for Free Stove Book

AND OUR SPECIAL FREE TRIAL OFFER

HOOSER STOVE FACTORY. 102 State St. Marion. Indiana

GUM'S DOUBLE AC DUN OUrAflfir HARROW,

WITH EXTENSION HEAD is made especially for Orchard work. It will increase your crops 25 to 50 per cent. This machine will cut from 28 to 30 acres, "or will double-cut 15 acres in a day. It is drawn by two medium horses. It will move 15000 tons of earth one foot in a day, and can be set to move the earth but little, or at so great an angle as to move all the earth one foot. Runs true in line of draft and keeps the surface true.

All other disk harrows have to run in half lap. ' : ■

The jointed pole takes all the weight oft' the horses' necks, and keeps their heels away from the disks We make 120 sizes and styles

CROPS

warranted.

guaranteed.

Send to-day

Entire

for free

l l~\~.v~w- HARROW

Booklet with full particulars.

CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 861 Main St., HIGGANUM,CONN.

TELL, THK ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

941

come into possession of beds that formerly produced a large quantity of very fine quality. This year, however, they did not do so well. I am anxious to know by what means I can restore the beds to their former productive qualities.

A NEW SUBSCRIBER. Henrico Co., Va.

The secret in growing asparagus is constant liberal fertilization of the land. An abundance of rich manure ajpplied every year with an application of bone meal and kainit with the manure, say at the rate of from 500 to 1,000 pounds per acre of each will keep beds in constant productive condition for years. In your case cut off the dying stalks and rake off the soil so as to leave a covering over the roots of only four or five inches, and work this loose with a harrow or cultivator, then in January or February apply a good covering of rotted manure, bone meal and kainit, and work this into the soil, and then apply more manure and bone meal and kainit and cover this with good rich soil to the depth of six inches. This should restore the productiveness of the beds. It would be well for you next year to sow seed and raise young plants to set out new beds the following year so that these may take the place of the old ones.—Ed.

PLANTING CABBAGE.

I have been reading your interesting article on Cabbage Planting in the Southern Planter, but do not see what difference it would make in the raising of early cabbage whether it were planted out on top of a small ridge (to keep it out of possible pools of water which might form during the winter), or whether it were planted on the South or North side of a ridge, as I should not think the heat of the sun during the winter would split it if the stems were planted well down in the earth as the small leaves, I should think, would shelter the exposed portion of the stem somewhat from the direct rays of the sun. Here in Southern Maryland, near Chesapeake Bay, or the peninsula, located between the mouths of the Patuxent and Potomac rivers, last autumn, I pulled nice cauliflower from the garden about Christmas, and I have not been putting away winter cabbage, but using them by pulling them from the garden during the winter although there is some possibility that during some winters the cabbage, if left out, might be destroyed by the cold. There are large Pomegranates on the pomegranate bush here, and some of the Savauge citranage trees which were planted out here last winter are doing well. H. L. HODGSON.

Saint Mary Co., Md.

It will not do to count too much on your climate, for, although near the salt water, the climate is much tempered, you will still have at times a

BUY

Battle axe Shoes,

Solid Made BATTLE AXE Shoes SAVE FARMERS MONEY.

Their —

SPLENDID STYLE

COMFORTABLE FIT LONG WEAR LOW PRICE Explain why the Celebrated, Solid Made BATTLE AXE Shoes are so widely known and called

"The Farmer s Friend.

yt

STEPHEN

PUTNEY

SHOE

COMPANY,

RICHMOND,

VIRGINIA.

ALCOHOLISM CURED

No Experiment.

Alcoholism, Morphine and other drug addictions cured in from four to six weeks. 28 years successful experience.

Write for our booklet.

"What do Yoa Drink" The Keeley Institute.

GREENSBORO. N. C.

When corresponding with our advertiser! always mention Southern Planter

■942

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

cold winter, and it is generally colder on the west side of the bay than in the same latitude on the Eastern Shore. But. as I have said, it is not altogether the degree of cold that hurts the cabbage plants, but the exposure to the sun when frozen after a warm spell. They may do well with you on top of the ridge if the stems are well protected, but it would be well for you to test the difference between the north and the south sides and the top, and thus see for yourself the difference, I am in about the same latitude as you, but on the eastern side of the bay. Here, near the salt water, figs thrive wonderfully, but far in the interior need protection. Pomegranates also thrive here and last winter did not get a shoot hurt. But last winter was not a severe one. Winter-headed cabbages I turn down where they grow, with the head to the North, and then pile the earth over the stem and base of the head thickly, for these are the tender parts. I leave the head to the north to shade it from the sun, and they keep very well. I am glad 1o know that the citranges are living with you and hope they will succeed. Have not tried them here, but want to. —W. F. Massey, Salisbury, Md.

-MARL—SALTING FODDER—SOW 1 FAILING TO COME IN HEAT.

t Please publish in your next issue [what is marl worth used on land in I place of lime and how much lime is [there in a ton of marl. Is the marl Iworth the hauling? I will have to 'haul it about 8 miles. f 2. Will it be a good idea to salt corn i stover when you are shredding it. Will ; it make the stock eat it better? : 3. What will make a sow come in Jheat. I have a Poland-China sow rthat only has pigs once a year. After I she weans her pigs she will not take 'the boar for several months. If you ', can give me any remedy for her I | will greatly appreciate it.

W. R. PITTMAN, • Southampton Co.

1. It is impossible without having an analysis of the marl to say what i it is worth as an improver. Some of the marls are only valuable for their lime content; others have an appreciable value as carriers of phosphoric acid. If you will write the Experiment Station Blacksburg, Va., and ask for Bull. 78 this will give you the analysis of thirty-six samples of marl from different parts of the State. Nineteen of the samples contained upwards of 20 per cent, of lime and 12 samples contained over 1 per cent, of phosphoric acid. Usually the marls are not of sufficiently high value to bear costly transportation over any considerable distance, they being so bulky and heavy. Where they are on or near the farm they can be profitably used as permanent but slow improvers of the soil. The land upon

Four Moving Parts

That's all there are to the McVicker's valve action.

That's why the McVicker is the simplest engine—the easiest to understand and run.

There are 499 other makes of engines, yet each has 12 and more moving parts to its valve action. And that's where most gasoline engine trouble occurs.

You have but to compare the McVicker with one of these and you have compared it with all, for all are practically the same—our engine, only, is different. You can decide in this way which is the best engine made.

We invite comparison, for we know of no better way to sell you one of our 'engines.

The McVicker is made in the largest and costliest gas engine factory in the United

States. Nearly 3,000 were sold last year.

Thousands of farmers who never used engines before have bought ours. Also thousands who have used others. The McVicker appeals to the latter most, for they have had experience. They know.

The McVicker is the simplest engine in the world.

Our marvelous patents do away with all cams, gears, ratchets, tumbling rods and other such mystifying "jimcracks."

All others must employ them, for they can't run without them.

The McVicKer

Our engine is three times the best because it is three times the simplest. Yet it costs no more than the complex.

In fact, it is cheapest by far because its simplicity saves on fuel, oil and repairs.

Don't buy an engine till you know all about the McVicker. We have a great many features to tell you about in our catalogue—all of which bear on this astounding simplicity.

We make all types—from 2 to 30 horse-power—mounted in all ways for all uses. Also traction engines.

We send free plans for a model farm power house when you write for the catalog. Do it to-day—a postal —now-—before you forget it.

ALMA MFG. CO., Station L Alma, Mich

LISTEN! MR. FARMER!

Have you heard of tlie NEWEST and MOST UP-TO-DATE GASOLINE ENGINE on the MARKET?. If not, write us about it at once. It's called the "NEW-WAY" air cooled and made in '-%, 3% and 7 H. P.—Prices guaranteed to be cheapest of any high ela^s en-line. It can be used for every FARM mrpose imaginable, and is so simple tiiat anyone can run it.

STOCKOELL-MYERS H'B'W. CO.

Petersburg, Va.

THE INDUSTRIOUS HEN

KNOXVILLE; TENN. Circulation 10,000. lOc. a line.

Leading' FARM and POULTRY Journal.

LAYS ALL OVER THE SOUTH.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

943

which Mr. Ruffin applied marl more than fifty years ago yet shows distinctly where it was applied.

2. No, we never advise the use of salt on either hay or corn stover when putting away in the barn. We never saw any advantage from the use of it and can readily see how it might be injurious.

3. We know of no special means by the use of which you can cause the sow to come in heat other than that of giving her plenty of exercise and not getting her too fat. Let her run out on a thin pasture for a week or two with no boar with her. Then put her on a good pasture and give her some grain every day for a week and then put a boar with her and she will probably accept service. Usually a sow will accept service within a week after farrowing but if this time is let go by she will not then come in heat until after the pigs are taken from her when she will usually come in heat within a week. If these two opportunities are missed she may not then come in heat for weeks again.— Ed.

GOLD LACQUERS. Please give recipe for making a gold lacquer for brass goods.

Baltimore, Md. N. I. H.

Seedlac, 3 ounces, turmuric, 1 oz., dragons blood, one-fourth oz., alcohol, . 1 pint. Digest for a week, frequently shaking. Decant and filter.—Ed.

RHODE ISLAND REDS.

Kindly let me know through enquirers' column of next issue, if possible, the standard of color of the Rhode Island Red chickens. They run from light red to the very dark flame color, and I am anxious to know the standard for exhibition purposes, or is it permissible to show both colors?

Howard Co., Md. J. A. BERGER.

The Standard describes the color as a rich dark red, but the light red ones are frequently shown, and we do not know that they are discriminated against when they otherwise comply with the requirements, as a very large number of the birds will come out light in color. This will no doubt continue to be the case for many years as the breed is comparatively a newly made one.—Ed.

WIN AT LEESBURG.

Hutchison & Heitmueller, Herndon, Virginia, report their winning at Lees-burg September 9th and 10th as follows: 1st and 2d cockerel, 1st and 2d pullet, 1st pen, 1st hen and 2d cock on seven entries in White Wyandottes and 1st pullet, 1st pen. 1st cock, 1st hen on four entries in S. C. Buff. Orpingtons, 2 specials and 2d, largest and best display.

EVERYBODY

BUYING

LAVAL

, CREAM

SEPARATORS

The wonderful improvements made in the 1908 DE LAVAL CREAM SEPARATORS—added to their THIRTY YEA.RS record of ONE MILLION prosperous users throughout the world—have convinced practically all WELL-INFORMED buyers of their overwhelming superiority, as well as actual cheapness, and they are being bought in even greater proportion this fall than in the spring or ever before.

A catalogue to be had for the asking shows the reasons WHY.

The De Laval Separator Co.

42 E. Maeison Street

CHICAGO

1213 & 1215 Filbert 8t.

PHILADELPHIA

Drumm & Sacramento Sts.

SAN FRANCISCO

General Offices:

165-167 Broadway,

MEW YORK.

173-177 William Street

MONTREAL

14 & 16 Princess Street

WINNIPEG

107 First Street

PORTLAND, ORES.

You Can Cover Your Roof With

Mycoroid Rubber Roofing

And Then * 4 ForgetIt»"

Because it requires no coating.

it is absolutely waterproof, it is practically Fire Proof, it docs not taint water Write for Samples and Booklet.

We also carry a full line of Galvanized and Painted Corrugated and V Crimp Hoofing In rolls and boxes

MCGRAW-YARBROUGH CO..Richmond, Va.

TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

"INAUGURAL ANNOUNCEMENT."

Through the courtesy of Mr. J. Elliott Hall, Manager of the Virginia Stock Farm Co., we have received a copy of the farm catalogue entitled "Inaugural Announcement." In addition to being a work of art and a credit to any print shop, it contains not only the plan and scope of the organization, but also a great deal of useful information regarding the several breeds of pure-bred stock which this farm will propagate. This book is well worth a place on all farmers' and stockmen's reading table, and they are invited to send to Mr. Hall at Bellevue, Virginia, for a free copy. The regular advertisement of the Farm will be found on another page.

OLD DOMINION NURSERIES.

Recently we had the pleasure of looking over one of the nursery farms of the Old Dominion Nurseries of which W. T. Hood & Co., Richmond, Virginia, are proprietors. We were extremely gratified at what we saw in the shape of splendid growing stocks of practically every variety of trees, plants, etc. Mr. Hood is among the oldest nurserymen in the country and as such he has accumulated a very valuable experience which stands him in good stead in growing, handling and selling nursery stock. The company's announcement will be found on another page.

FALL FASHION CATALOGUE.

Attention is invited t othe advertisement of Miller & Rhoads, Richmond, Virginia, who operate the largest department store in the South. This firm has just issued a beautiful new 64-page fall catalogue, which it is anxious to send to all of our lady readers. Everything for that sex as well as home furnishings is fully described in the catalogue. Better look up the ad. and drop them a postal for it at once.

Hunting days are here and it's time to oil up the gun. Inside the barrel the burnished steel must be made to dazzle the eye that looks through it at the light. Then over fields in the bracing autumn air and through the woods where the hunter's eye must be keen indeed to separate his quarry from the riot of turning foliage.

The day of the aforetime universally popular double gun, by the way, is passing. The superior accuracy, speed and ease of handling of the single-barreled repeating or auto-loading shot gun is crowding out the heavy two-barreled arm. Remington autoloading shot guns were used by the winner of the Grand American Handicaps of 1907 and 1908—America's greatest shooting honors. The Remington repeating shot gun, called by sportsmen the "pump," was used by the winners of th.e Southern and Eastern Handicaps—the big shooting tournament of these sections.

Made of Trinidad Lake Asphalt—

Genasco Ready Roofing

Does what roofing ought to do—gives you absolute weather-protection all the year 'round. Outlives every other ready roofing. Doesn't dry-out, rot, crack, or break.

Keeps out heat and cold. Resists fire. Is proof against lightning. Can be laid on any surface; and by any handyman. Cement and nails in every roll.

Ask your dealer for Genasco. Mineral and si^^*h surface. Look for the hemisphere trade-mark. Write for Book 62 nd samples, free.

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA New York San Francisco Chicago

VICTORIA

RUBBER ROOFING.

Waterproof—Weatherproof. Always pliable—never hard or brittle. Any climate, all conditions.

OUR PRICES WILL INTEREST YOU.

SEND FOR SAMPLES.

Patented and Galvanized Roofing Sheets, Roll Tin and Tar Paper.

TIN »» TERNE PIATES. GALVANI ZED FLAT 5HEET5. ROOrtNQ MATERIALS wufacturers ^Jobbers

1104 E-CAKY BTRECT

RICHMOND, V1UU1MA.

Tell the advertiser where you saw Always mention The Southern

his advertisement. Planter when writing advertisers.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

945

A good many rooflings carry guarantees. Most of these are not worth the paper they are written on. They are full of provisos that no on 3 can live up to, AND YOU HAVE ONLY THE MANUFACTURERS' WORD BEHIND THEM.

We looked into this proposition some time ago, and determined that we would offer a guarantee with every roll of Congo that would MEAN SOMETHING.

We therefore went to the National Surety Company, a corporation with over $2,000,000 of assets, and arranged with it to furnish with every roll of Congo a GENUINE SURETY BOND.

It GUARANTEES that our three-ply Congo Roofing will last TEN YEARS, if the directions are followed—and the Surety Company stands behind that guarantee to the limit of its resources.

It therefore protects you absolutely. It substitutes absolute knowledge for guesswork.

If we went out of business tomorrow, it would make no difference. The Surety Company is behind us.

We mean to show the public that we have confidence in the DURABILITY of Congo, and that we are willing to back this confidence up in a way that no other manufacturer ever dared to.

We can afford to make this strong guarantee

~53SSBBBS

Fac-Simile of Guarantee Bond

because we know Congo will last the full period of the guarantee, and more. It has always given better satisfaction and all round service than any other ready roofing made.

This bond is the broadest and most liberal proposition ever offered in the roofing business. It means we have faith in Congo. IT PROTECTS YOU ABSOLUTELY.

If you are looking for a watertight roofing that needs about as little care as a roofing could get along with and give satisfactory service, BACKED BY A GUARANTEE THAT MEANS SOMETHING. Congo is what you want. It is made of the very best materials that can be secured, and is the most pliable waterproof roofiing on the market. We do not ask you to take our word for this, but will gladly send you free sample on request. If you have these before you and consider that behind the roofing is not only our reputation, but a surety bond, we know that you will not fail to purchase Congo. Write us at once and let us send you samples. SPECIAL NOTICE.—If any Congo rolls that you purchase do NOT contain Guarantee Bonds, write ue at once, telling us where and from whom they were purchased, and we will at once mail you the missing bonds.

UNITED ROOFING & MANUFACTURING CO.

Successors to BUCHANAN-FOSTER CO.

3 512 West End Trust Building, Philadelphia Chicago & San Francisco.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

WHEN THE HORSE GOES LAME. A lame horse is not necessarily cause for anxiety. More frequently than otherwise the cause is trivial. When you locate the ailment the chances are that with a first-class liniment, such as Kendall's Spavin Cure, you will be able speedily to effect a cure. Usually prompt treatment is desirable.

The most ailments of horses are such as wire cuts, sprains, swellings, curbs, spavins, splints, ringbone. With all of these prompt applications of the remedy named above is certain to prove efficacious. A ringbone or spavin, if allowed to run too long, is fast becoming hopeless, and, if it cannot be cured, the value of the horse is gone. He has almost no value on the market. But a ringbone or spavin at its first appearance or earlier stages will yield readily to the Kendall Spavin Cure. And so with practically all the other common ailments, notwithstanding the severe and obstinate nature of bony enlargements, Kendall's Spavin Cure has been known to effect a complete cure in a great many cases of long standing.

[October,

SKIM MILK MONEY. It is an old joke on the Chicago pork packers that they turn into money everything connected with the pig except the squeal. There are packers of pork in other cities besides Chicago, and as you know there is always a demand for hogs, sometimes at a profitable figure, sometimes at a less satisfactory price. But certainly hog raising pays, and if you are thinking of beginning to so utilize your skim milk and waste food products about your farm, it will pay you to write to Arthur J. Collins, Box R., Moorestown, N. J., for all the information he has to give about his Jersey Red Pigs. See his advertisement.

GLENBTJRN BERKSHIRES. We invite attention to the advertisement of Dr. J. D. Kirk Glenburn Farm, Roanoke, Virginia. Many of our readers are familiar with the fact that this farm has one of the finest herds of Berkshire ho<rs in the country. Prominent and fashionable strains are represented in it by the following blood: Lord Premier, Dominant, Predominant, Master's Compensation, and Imported Loyal Hunter. We are advised that a nice lot of pigs are now on hand and will be sold at reasonable figures, all things considered.

ENQUIRERS* COLTJIVfN. (Detailed Index.)

Warts—State Veterinarian 93 c

Tuberculosis—Lump Jaw 93?

Land Plaster 930

Ice House 940

Asparagus Growing 940

Planting Cabbage 941

Marl—Salting Fodder—Sow Failing to Come in Heat 942

Rhode Island Reds 943

Until Amatite was put on the market a few years ago practically everybody who used ready roofings had to paint them regularly. Some of the roofings required a coat every year; others every two or three years.

In all cases a good deal of expense and trouble was involved.

The popularity of Amatite is largely owing to the fact that its use does away with all such trouble and expense. This is due to its real mineral surface which is far more durable than any paint made. It is not affected by weather and will last indefinitely.

All that is necessary after laying an Amatite roof is to leave it alone. Leaks and dissatisfaction are left behind.

Every practical man will doubly appreciate the "no-paint" idea when we add to that statement the fact that Amatite is lower in price than most of the "paint-me-every-two-years-or-leak" roofings.

In addition, Amatite with its smooth lap edge, is easy to lay, and the necessary nails and liquid cement for laps are supplied free, packed conveniently in each roll.

Can any reasonable man ask m ore!

A Sample Free. Write Today

Illustrations at top, from left to right, show: Chas. Johnson's Residence, Atlantic City, East Machias Lumber Company, East Machias, Me., A. J. Priebe's Barn, Petoskey, Mich. All covered with Amatite.

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston Cleveland Cincinnati St. Louis Minneapolis New Orlean fittsburg Kansas City London, Eng and

FLSNT-COAT ROOFING

See Our Roofing on the Minnesota State Fair Buildings.

You Will Save 25 to 50 Per Cent.

$1.60

. 3.10

3.50

. 3.90

1-ply Flint Coat Roofing - • $1.50 I 1-ply Acme Rubber Roofing 2-ply Flint Coat Roofing • 1.90 2-ply Acme Rubber Roofing

3-ply Flint Coat Roofing • • 3.20 3-ply Acme Rubber Roofing 4-ply Flint Coat Roofing « S.GO | 5-ply Rock Asphalt Roofing

The Best Roofing on Earth. That's ail we Claim.

EVERY ROLL GUARANTEED PERFECT

Above prices are for one roll of 108 square feet, delivered at yonr railway station, at ready to lay. Can bo laid by anyone. Special prices quoted west of Mississippi River. Nails and Cement with each roll. Our roofing costs less than shingles; lasts longer; can't rustlike iron or steel. Water, Wind, Hail and Fire Proof. Recommended by leading architects, largest railroad companies and corporations in Northwest - Samples and Booklets FREE.

ROCK ASPHALT ROOFING CO. Room

all

Y&gRai

1113 V. M. C. A. Bjdjjg Chicago

THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTEE

947

AMERICAN BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION.

The following resolutions were passed by the American Breeders' Association:

1. Resolution proposed by Committee on Plant and Animal Introduction regarding Research Quarantine.

Resolved, That it is the opinion of the American Breeders' Association, that it is extremely desirable that the .Secretary of Agriculture should include in his next estimates to Congress a plan for the scientific investigation of the question of Plant and Animal Quarantine and that he request of Congress the necessary funds to organize and carry out these investigations as a necessary basis and preliminary for the framing of National quarantine regulations to avoid unnecessary interference with commerce and with desirable importations of plants and animals.

Resolved further that it is the opinion of the Association that until the subject has received a thorough and scientific investigation and the requisite data have been collected any Natnonal quarantine law must be premature and undesirable.

2. Whereas: There are vast possibilities in our wild meat, fur and game mammals and birds as a basis for stocking our private and public forest reserves and game preserves with a view to the conservation and fuller utilization of our natural resources and as a source of blood to be used in forming hybrids with domestic animals, therefore:

Resolved, That the American Breeders' Association urge upon the attention of Congress, of State legislatures, sportsman's societies and private parties the preservation of the American Bison, the various members of the deer family, mountain sheep, ar-tic foxes, grouse, pheasants, quail and other mammals and birds and the carrying out of experiments to determine their wide use on lands not especially suited to domestic species, and the determination of their value in the foundation of hybrid animals designed for production under wild and semi-domestic conditions.

3. Resolved, that the Secretary upon vote by the Council may offer reduced clubbing rates on annual dues to clubs, societies or associations.

4. Resolved, That the Council be authorized to establish a magazine under the auspices and the property of the American Breeders' Association when in its judgment suitable financial resources are available.

'80. 'ES 'Idy '"BA ''OQ puBiJoqummjo^

I like the Southern Planter for its solid and practical information and reading. We are getting too much desk farming these days.

H. G. KLINE.

I

The Standard for 14 Years.

r

"" I he oldest prepared roofing on the market, and the firat Ruberoid Roof's, laid many years ago. are btill giving satisfactory service under the severest climatic and atmospheric conditions.

Contains no tar or paper; will not melt or tear. Acid fumes will not injure it.

Outlasts metal or shingles. Any handy man can apply it.

There is only one tuberoid Roofing, and we sell it. You can verify its genuineness by the name on the label and on the under side of every length of Ruberoid Reofang. Send for samples and booklet

A large stock of Corrugated and V-Crimp Hoofing always on hand. „

j Southern Railway Supply Co.,

fT* 1323 East Main Street

RICHMOND VA.

TELL, THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

St&^i^

„et Our samples Prices and Valuable FREE Book

N5>SS_ V>\ t£R&Sft&

ROOFING AND SIDING

These make any farm building safer, look bettei •stand lo^rjithout

repairs and more valuable In every way. They keep a b "'l£ing jarm

in winter and cool in summer, are not affected by fire, rot, rust ortumes,

becTuseo^tt.eindestructible'mm..^

manufactured roofings for over 60 years. We are the largest makers.

We can save you money.

Samples and Book of Money-Saving Hints Free

Write today. You ought to know all about Asbestos whether yon are joing to build just now or not. Ask for Book No 62

H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.

100 William Street Kew York, N. Y.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

ORIGIN OF WEATHER PROPHECIES. Guy E. Mitchell. Washington, D. C, May, 1908.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, at Monticello and Williamsburg, Virginia, respectively, made weather observations, and from these and other early efforts it was assumed that storms had a progressive movement and a whirling motion about the center. Charts of various kinds were constructed during the Eighteenth Century and their publication at length placed weather students in a position to begin the slow advance from mere hypothetical c onjectures regarding the motions of the air to the definite scientific knowledge of the laws which we possess to-day.

In 1870 the National Government attacked the subject of meteorology. Before this, or rather, before the invention of the electric telegraph, there had been rather more of the practice of the charlatan than of the scientist in the weather forecasting problem.

At first the weather service was under the Signal Corps of the Army in co-operation with the Department of Agriculture, but in 1890 the work was transferred entirely to the Agricultural Department.

Professor Willis Moore is now "Old Probabilities," as the weather prog-nosticians have been long dubbed. "Contrary to general opinion," said Professor Moore, in speaking of the possibility of failure to forecast weather conditions correctly, "it is much less difficult to forecast the direction and force of well-defined and even dangerous storms than it is the common variations of the weather, when the conditions are flat and the course of the weather really uncertain. It is very seldom that any very dangerous winds are not timely predicted by the Weather Bureau. For a long time the view prevailed that a local observer could forecast for his immediate district better than the national official at the central office but it was finally found that the Washington city forecasts verified four or five per cent, better than the local forecasts. It is difficult to obtain any very exact account of the actual saving of property to the public as a result of storm warnings, but it is everywhere agreed that it amounts to a very large sum. The direct cost of the weather services to the people has for the past several years been less than $1,000,000 annually, and those in the best position to judge believe that the salvages alone would cover the expense of the work."

It is a standing joke to refer to the improbability of the correctness of the Weather Bureau's prophecies. Nevertheless, it is a fact that 82 per cent, are strictly correct, while a large proportion of the failures are due to minor irregularities in local

Test The Superiority of

"EVERLASTING"

CORRUGATED METAL CULVERTS.

They are being used generally by the largest railroad systems and wire-awake county road supervisors prefer them to all others.

Corrugated Metal Culverts are made of special analysis Ingot Iron-double galvanized.

They are strong and lasting. i

They are not affected by climatic conditions. They are easy to install. They are inexpensive.

Manufactured under Letters Patent No. 559,642. Illustrated Catalogue for the asking.

"Everlasting" Tanks, Smoke Stacks and Well Curbings are the cheapest after all.

There is a life time's service with every one installed. The farmer who wants the best for the least always puts his money in the '"Everlasting" line of Corrugated necessities.

Write now telling us of your wants, stating sizes desired, and we will send literature and enticing quotations. 'Twill pay well to learn more of the "Everlasting"' line. Better start to-day!

VIRGINIA METAL CULVERT COMPANY,

Sole Manufacturers.

1701-1715 E. Cary Street,

Richmond, Virginia.

A COW-PEA THRESHER AT LAST!!!!

A machine that wil thresh the Southern Cow Pea from mown vines—i any variety Soy beans, field beans and the Canada field peas, in a fast, satisfactory way, not breaking over one to two per cent. Catalogue free.

KOGEIt PEA AND BEAN THRESHER COMPANY, MORRISTOWN, TENN.

-i SHE LIS EASY AND QUICK Wt

Any mail, woman—even a 6-year oitl CJtuid can i un it. 1'eo- (j)3cK HawR ' pie have been doing 1 it for 22 years. Black Hawk She 11 era n ,

are so well made that I pi ve repairs free. Shells8 toUbu. UOm ShellerS per hour. Parts built for strain are malleable iron; bearings chilled iron. Clamped with a twist of fingers to box, barrel, tub or ) bin. Mighty convenient. If your dealer can't turnish a genuine Black Hawk, ask for price delivered your depot. Booklet tYee. Write NOW. Agents Wanted. A. H. PATCH, ClarksviUe, Tenn. ..

Maker of Corn Shelters and Hand Grist Mills exclusively. /,$,(

THE SOUTHEEK PLANTER

949

irect To You—At Reduced Price— A\

aker City Feed Mill

On FREE TRIAL No Money Down

40 Years The Standard

But let us tell you first how big a cut in the price to you our direct selling plan means.

We Pay Freight A Double Advantage Fop You

That, in a nutshell, is the story of our new business policy, Header. We have cut out Jobbers, Retail Dealers, Middlemen of all kinds. fe come direct to you this year, the user, and offer you, on the most liberal terms you could wish, best grinder built and at the factory price. need hardly argue the quality of Juaker City Mills. They h been the standard for over 40 years.

Besides, we are offering to send one to you on trial without trying in any way to tie you up to keeping it if it isn't satisfactory. "Claims" are a drug on the market. We want you to see that

Although Quaker City Mills have been given added improvements recently, which put them still farther ahead of any other mills—although the price would have to be higher than before, if sold through dealers—yet you can get one now for less, much less, than ever. And we pay the freight, remember. We take all the risk. We ask for no money in advance, no bank it that you try lere is as liberal proposition as you could get from any home dealer and we know that we offer better value. Let us prove it at our expense.

me quaniy or _»»« «TTV PVlH/lirv «-»•», vveasKioi no money in auv

^ave -«* nUAKERCITY FAMILY OF GRlMlM*, deposit, nothing bu

THIS ' S T 5e SAME PIACEAND BYTHESAM^iS M, Ll - »«>• »•

C6 & M 12

11 Sizes—22 Styles From Hand to 20-Horse Power

oio&ii Quaker Quality means faster grinding, better prepared prod- —Guaranty—Trial Offer and Prices ucts, less trouble—more satisfaction and more profit from City Mills will just meet your your investment. We want you to see that a Quaker City Mill pocketbook. has the widest range of usefulness—that it is the best adapted Say that you want the FEED MILL Book

to all kinds of grinding.

Write Fop Free Book

One of the Quaker needs and fit your

THE

STRAUB COMPANY 3737 Filbert Street W. Philadelphia, Pa.

sections which are unimportant as affecting general conditions.

The climate and crop service now has forty-four sections, including Porto Rico and Cuba, and utilizes 13,000 mail reports furnished by more than 3,000 voluntary observers. This is additional to the complete telegraphic service.

"While the Pure Food experts have decided that foods treated with copper salt are not entitled to entry into the United States under the provisions" of the Food and Drugs Act, it has been deemed advisable in view of the fact that contracts have already been made for the present year's pack, that all vegetables greened with copper salts, but which do not contain an excessive amount of copper and which are otherwise suitable for food, will be allowed entry into the United States if the label bears the statement that sulphate of copper or other salts have been used to color the vegetables. After that date no foods greened with the salts will be allowed entry into the United States.

President Hill on Soil Waste.

James J. Hill, the President of the Great Northern Railway, is the closest student of agriculture of any of our railroad magnates. In his startling presentations of facts, before the Convention of Governors at the White House, regarding the danger in the waste of our natural resources, he dwelt most strongly upon soil waste.

"We now turn to the only remain-

AMER1CANSAWMILLS

RELIABLE FRIBTION FEED

Ratchet Set Works, Quick Receder, Duplex Steel Dogs. Strong,

ACCURA1EAN0RELI4BLE

Best material and workmanship, light running; requires little power; simple, easy to handle; won't get out of order.

BELT FEED MILLS in all sizes.

Log Beam Carriages can be furnished with any of our mills. No. 1. Warrantee, to cut 2,000 feet per day with 6 H. P. engine. Seven other sizes made. Also Edgers. Trimmers,, Shingle Machines, Lath Mills, Rip and Cut-Off Saws, Drag Saws, Cordwood Saws and Feed Mills. Catalogue sent free.

"Rowe, Mass., October 24, 1905.—I have a No. 1 American Saw Mill and 'send you an order for another just like it. I run it with my 8 H. P. portable gasoline engine; have sawed 5,000 feet of lumber in ten hours with it without eny trouble. I use a 48-inch saw.

Yours truly. BRADLEY C. NEWELL.

AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO., 137 Hope St., Hactcettstown, N. J.

OUR AGENTS.—Watt Plow Company, Richmond, Va.; R. P. Johnson, Wytheville, Va.; Hyman Supply Company, New Berne and Wilmington, N. C; Oihhes Machinery Company, Columbia, S. C.

rnrr CATALOG

rntt ofthis

SHOT GUN

NO HAMMER TO HAMMER

SIX SHOTS IN FOUR SECONDS

No unsightly and unsafe hammer to catch on the clothing or cause premature

discharge if the gun falls. No opening to catch dirt, twigs, rain or snow. Ham-

* _ , Aft^ merless and covered mechanism. Those are the features. Send today for catalog.

$5 TO $27 SdTptXato'hstolI'" 8 THE UNION FIRE ARMS CO. 25fl Auburndale, Toledo, 0.

TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

THE SOUTHEKtf PLANTEE

[October,

ing resource of man upon this earth, which is the soil itself. How are we caring for that, and what possibilities does it hold out to the people of future support? We are only beginning to feel the pressure upon the land. The whole interior of this continent, aggregating more than 500,000,000 acres, has been occupied by settlers within fifty years. What is there left for the next fifty years? We have 50,000,000 acres of surveyed and 36,-500,000 acres of unsurveyed land as our actual remaining stock. And 21,-000.00 acres were disposed of in 1907. How long will the remainder last? No longer can we say that 'Uncle Sam has land enough to give us all a farm.'

"Equally threatening is the change in quality. There are two ways in which the productive power of the earth is lessened—first, by erosion and the sweeping away of the fertile surface into streams and thence to the sea, and second, by exhaustion through wrong methods of cultivation. The former process has gone far. Thousands of acres in the East and South have been made unfit for tillage. Millions of acres, in places to the extent of one-tenth of the entire arable area, have been so injured that

no industry and no care can restore them.

"In no other important country of the world, with the exception of Russia, is the industry that must be the foundation of every State, at so low an ebb as in our own. According to the last census, the average annual product per acre of the farms of the whole United States was worth $11.38. It is little more than a respectable rental, in communities where the soil is properly cared for and made to give a reasonable return for cultivation.

Our Farm Lands Abused.

"Our agricultural lands have been abused in two principal ways—first, by single cropping, and second, by neglecting fertilization. It is fortunate for us that nature is slow to anger, and that we may arrest the consequence of this ruinous policy before it is too late. In all parts of the United States, with only isolated exceptions, the system of tillage has been to select the crop which would bring in most money at the current market rate, to plant that year after year, and to move on to virgin fields as soon as the old farm rebelled by lowering the quality and quantity of its return. It is still the practice; al-

though diversification of industry and the rotation of crops have been urged for nearly a century and are to-day taught in every agricultural college j this country.

"I have dwelt upon the conservation of farm resources because of the commanding importance of this industry and because of its relation to our future. Nearly 36 per cent, of our people are engaged directly in agriculture. But all the rest depend upon it. In the last analysis, commerce, manufacturers, our home markets, every form of activity, runs back to the bounty of the earth by which every worker, skilled and unskilled, must be fed and by which his wages are ultimately paid."

Conference of Governors.

The great Conference of Governors at Washington, May 13, 14, and 15, was beyond doubt the most notable convention in the history of the country. With five or six exceptions, all the Governors were present and, in addition, the pick of the nation's leaders in industrial progress. "The greatest gathering in the history of the world,' said Secretary Wilson of the

Blackboard Talks on Southwest Lands

W®$$m@ li©t#400

W&iiWlUYitiiifflHiMfW

1 Atotk ^SrapjCiMTumtc^ 5 00

| Cost of Ofci&hi^^

Twenty Thousand of these Farm Sites along the Missouri Pacific Iron Mountain in Eastern Oklahoma

No. 1—EASTERN OKLAHOMA

That is about what an Oklahoma farm, improved and stocked, will cost—$1,900. This soil is new and produces larger crops, acre for acre, than the $75 and $100-an-acre land in some of the old States. Rains are plentiful, the growing season long and the soil produces a large variety of crops. The winters are mild and there is a saving to the Oklahoma farmer in feed, fuel and clothing. The location is high and healthful, there is good water, markets near by, convenient schools and churches and the best kind of people for neighbors. Compare these advantages with those in a country where a forty-acre home costs $5,000 or $6,000, where the winters are severe and farm operations limited.

Restrictions Removed from Millions of Acres Long Reserved for the Indians.

While Oklahoma has been growing westward for twenty years, these restricted lands in the northeast corner of old Indian Territory have been reserved from sale, and are now subject to purchase by the settler for the first time. The best opportunity Oklahoma ever offered to the homeseeker. Fill out this coupon and mail to-day.

J*g££&^

B. H. PAYNE, General Passenger and Ticket Agent,

Room ism Missouri Pacific Building, St. Louis, Mo.

SEND BOOKS,

■1APS AND LITERATURE DESCRIPTIVE OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA LANDS, ALSO LIST OF LANDS FOR SALE AND COST OF TRIP.

MISSOURI

PACIFIC

IRON

MOUNTAIN

LOW HOMESEEKERS' RATE

ON FIRST AND THIRD TUESDAYS.

ADDRESS_

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

951

Agricultural Department, as he looked out on the assembly.

Growth of the Beet Sugar Industry.

"The development of the beet sugar industry of the United States has been the wonder of the world," said Charles F. Saylor, government sugar expert, whose home is in Iowa.

"When I began my beet sugar investigations at the beginning of Secretary Wilsons administration, there were six beet sugar factories in the United States. Now there are upward of seventy, the smallest of which represents an outlay of nearly $500,000, while the largest cost more than $3,000,000. This country has the largest sugar factory in the world. It is located at Spreckels, California, and has a capacity for beets at the rate of a trainload a mile long every day in the year. There is another large factory at Oxnard, California.

"Establishment of these largest factories has been a boon to the farmers of the West. The leading beet sugar States in order of importance are Colorado, Michigan, California, Utah and Idaho. In each of the States named the farmers are making much money by raising sugar beets. They depend upon their beet crop just as they do on their milk, their potatoes, etc. It amuses me somewhat to hear wise people talk

about beet sugar being inferior to cane sugar. All sugar is alike whether it comes from beets or cane. Sugar refined is the product of vegetable matter, and whether it comes from beets or cane does not matter. There is not a sugar manufacturer, a chemist, or a physician that can tell the difference between cane sugar and beet sugar, unless he reads the brand on the can."

Good Results in Potato Spraying.

The Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station is conducting a series of instructive potato spraying tests. Potatoes grown on sandy land sprayed with Bordeaux mixture gave an increase over similarly grown unspray-ed plants of 28 per cent, in total yield and 31 per cent, in marketable tubers, while potatoes grown on clayey land gained 74 per cent, in total yield and 68 per cent, in marketable tubers as a result of spraying over similarly grown unsprayed plants. The Bordeaux did not appear to injure the potato foliage in any way; on the other hand, it seemed to exert a tonic effect on the plants, aside from its fungicidal and insecticidal value.

The Leaf Hoppers.

The small insects known as leaf hoppers may do greater damage than supposed. The yare very abundant on

low growing herbage and have been shown by Professor Osborn to bring about a very extensive although probably unnoticed injury to forage plants in large grazing ranges in the West as well as in pasture lands in the East. He shows that on an acre of pasture land there freqnently exist a million leaf hoppers, and that they eat as much, if not more, grass than a cow. One of the species is responsible for the stories of "weeping trees," which are seen in the newspapers. These insects in all stages of growth eject a fluid spray, when disturbed and when occurring abundantly on trees, if the trees are shaken, what seems almost like a shower of rain will fall. One of these weeping tree mysteries, so-called, in Texas, some years ago, caused much newspaper speculation with various ridiculous explanations. It took a brave newspaper reporter to solve the mystery by climbing the tree to investigate.

The roots of the Caroway are not unlike parsnips and at one time were largely cooked and eaten in the same manner.

The newspapers of the country resigned Secretary Wilson last week, but then the Secretary came back and took the wind out of their sails by denying flatly that he was going to quit.

*v^ ;

S

—No EVIore Sore, Tired, Wet and Aching Feet —No More Stiffness, Colds and Rheumatism —No IVIore Big BiSBs to Pay for Working Shoes

You will not suffer from wet, sore, blistered, aching, feverish feet, or run the risk of colds or rheumatism i£ you wear Steel Shoes. For these steel-bottomed shoes, with their waterproof leather uppers, are so easy on the feet that it is a positive pleasure to wear them. They do not heat and sweat the feet, like rubber boots. Neither do they become water-soaked and warped out of shape, as leather shoes do.

They are ligrht in weight, yet so strong: and durable that they will outwear from three to six pairs of the sst all-leather shoes. In fact, they actually save at least $5 to $10 of your shoe money every year, besides saving sickness and doctors'bills. •»#_ _ »■ ' n • ■ » »•_. <> mm

Your Money Back If Not O. K.

Sizes from Six to Twelve

Send for ourbook-let, "»he sole of Steel"—or, better still, send for a pair of Steel Shoes. See our Money-Back Offer. CHEAPER THAN ALL-LEATHER SHOES

Our $2.50 Steel Shoes, wit uppers 6 inches high, are better than the best $3.50 all-leather shoes, Our $3.50 Steel Shoes.with uppers 9 inches high.are worth more than the best all-leather shoes you can buy at any price. One pair of Steel Shoes will outwear from three to six pairs of all-leather shoes. Steel Shoes need no breaking in. They feel comfortable from the very first minute you put them on. The leather uppers do not become dry and hard, but keep pliable as long as the f,hoe is worn. They are the cheapest working shoes made, regardless of first cost, for one pair lasts a whole year and you never spend a cent for "balf soles" and repairing heels.

BETTER THAN RUBBER BOOTS

Rubber boots keep the feet hot and sweaty and make them very tender. They are positively injurious to health. Steel Shoes, with their waterproof leather uppers,give you the same protection as rubber boots, without sweating your feet. One pair of Steel Shoes will outwear at least three i>airs of rubber boots.

Save Doctors' Bills

Wear Steel Shoes and you can work in wet ground ithout fear of colds, rheumatism, stiffness or other diseases caused by wet or cold feet.

keep your feet always dry and warm In any

I of weather. The thick, spring Hair Cushions or Insoles inside the shoe absorb

II perspiration and odors. You can easily take out, clean and dry the Hair Cushion

each night. This Cushion prevents the

jars or walking, and keeps corns and

callouses from forming.

Not only will Steel Shoes give greater

foot comfort than you have ever Known

before, but they will pay for them-.

selves over and over again in the saving

of medicine and doctors' bills.

How Steel Shoes Are Made

The soles and an inch abovethe soles are stamped out of one piece of special fine steel, without joint or seam. Absolutely wear-proof and accident-proof. This sole is as light as a leather sole and so strong that protruding nails cannot penetrate it. It is studded with steel rivets underneath, to keep your feet from slipping when ice or snow make walking difficult and dangerous. The uppers are made of the best pliable water-proof leather that money can buy.

STEEL SHOE COMPANY

Department 39, RACINE,WISCONSIN

You are perfectly safe in sending to us for a pair of Steel Shoes, as we agree to refund your money promptly and freely if you are not satisfied when you see the shoes. Money cannot buy better working shoes than either the $2.50 or $3.50 style. You get more foot comfort and health protection, longer wear and greater satisfaction in a pair of Steel Shoes than money can buy elsewhere.

' We strongly recommend the $3.50 pair, because the 9-inch uppers give the best possible protection and the utmost satisfaction. Send $3.50 for 9-inch Steel Shoes, state size you wear, and we will ship you without delay the best and most comfortable working shoes you ever wore.

For convenience, fill in, clip out and mail the coupon.

! Order Blank for Steel Shoes j

' Steel Shoe Co , Dept. 39, Racine, Wis.

Gentlemen:—I enclose.

.for

Jn payment for one pair Steel Shoes, ■

size-

Name

Town_

_State_

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[October,

CLUBBING LIST

In this list will be found prices on papers, magazines and periodicals which are most called for by our readers. We have club rates with

nearly all reputable publications, and will quote them on request. DAILIES.

WTTB AXON! S. P.

Times-Dispatch, Richmond,

Va $6 00 $6 00

Times-Dispatch (without

Sunday) 4 00 4 00

News-Leader, Richmond,

Va. 8 00 8 00

The Post, Washington

D. C 6 00 6 00

The Sun, Baltimore, Md.. 8 00 8 40 THRICE A WEEK.

The World, New York 1 00 1 26

WEEKLIES. Times-Dispatch, Richmond,

Va 1 06 1 26

Southern Churchman, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 26

Central Presbyterian, Richmond, Va 2 00 2 26

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00

Breeders' Gazette 2 00 1 60

Country Gentleman 1 60 1 76

National Stockman and

Farmer 100 100

Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 SO

Memphis News-Scimitar... 50 76

SEMI-MONTHLY.

Kimball's Dairy Parmer.. 1 00 75

MONTHLIES.

The Century 4 00 4 26

St. Nicholas 3 00 3 25

Lippincott's 2 60 2 60

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00

Delineator 1 00 1 40

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40

Scrlbner's 3 00 8 26

American 1 00 1 36

Cosmopolitan 1 00 1 36

Everybody's 1 60 1 76

Munsey 1 00 1 36

The Strand 120 160

Argosy 1 00 1 35

Review of Reviews 3 00 3 00

Field and Stream 1 60 1 60

Woman's Home Companion 1 00 1 25

Modern Farming 1 00 1 00

Reliable Poultry Journal.. 60 76

Industrious Hen 50 76

Poultry success 50 75

Blooded Stock 50 65

Successful Farming 60 60

Amer. Fruit and Nut Jour. 60 75

Southern Fruit Grower.. 60 86

Shepherd's Criterion 60 76

Commercial Poultry 60 76

When two or more publications are wanted, the price for them can be

found by deducting 50 cents from "price with Sotjtukbn Planteb."

We cannot, under any circumstances, furnish sample copies of other publications.

We will cheerfully quote our best price on any line of publications submitted to us.

NATIONAL

Water Supply System.

FARMERS, LET ITS INSTALL, OUR GREAT COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM OF WATER SUPPLY IN YOUR RESIDENCE, BARN, DAIRY OR OTHER BUILDINGS.

furnish you an abundance of water fer all purposes from any source. Write ps, giving depth and capacity of your well or spring:, and we will cheerfully submit an estimate and make suggestions ae to your requirements. Satisfaction Guaranteed. DAVIDSON, BURNLEY A CO., RICHMOND, VA. 619 East Main Street.

Don't Forget that Steam is the Most Reliable Power

Farmers and planters who install Leffel Steam Engines have no power troubles. There is no failure to start or to run—no tinkering, no coaxing, no vexatious delays. We have a . built thousands of

if Leffel Engines

For Farm Use

No planter ever thinks of exchanging his dependable Leffel forany other kind of power. He can under* stand bis Leffel Engine. Quick, easy steamers. No other style of power so economical. The numerous styles and sizes of Leffels insure your gettlnga power that exactly fits your needs. Don't buy any engine till you write for our free book.

JAMES LEFFEL & COMPANY

Box 213 Springfield. Ohio

Pulls Stumps or Standing Trees*

Clears a two acre circle with one sitting—pulls anything the wire rope will reach; stumps, trees- grubs, rocks, hedges, etc. A man and a boy with one or two horses can run the

COMBINATION STUMP PULLER.

** Stump Anchored op Self Anchoring.

A minute and a half is all 11 takes for the ordinary stump. No heavy chains or rods, the strong wire rope with patent coupler—grips the rope at any point. Does not chafe rope; far ahead of old-style 4 'talce-ups." Smallest rope we furnish stands 40,000 lbs. strain. It generates immense power and It's made to stand the strain. We also make the Iron Giant Grub and Stump machine, the I. X. L. Grubber and Hawkeye Grub and Stump Machine. Write for free illustrated catalogue. Largest manufacturers of Stump Pullers In the World*

Established JoM.

MILNE MFG. CO.,

'834 8th St., Monmouth, III

A CANDY ROAD. A candy road is the latest thing in highway construction. As a binder a sort of molasses is being used in a road building experiment near Newton, Mass. This molasses has been regarded as almost useless. It is a by-product of the great cane sugar refineries of the south and the beet sugar refineries of the ""est. It is nearly as black and as thick as tar and almost as powerful as a binder. Having been a waste product it can be

bought at a lower price than coal tar and in greater quantities. The use of this by-product of the sugar refineries and of slag, a by-product of blast furnaces, in a few years may revolutionize country road building in the parts of the United States where these products aie most easily obtained.

Bedford Co., Va., Apl. 30, '08. I want the Southern Planter; it is a great help to me in many ways. G. T. GRANT.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

953

WILDER'S

WHIRLWIND

ft

SILO FILLER

"EVERYTHING USED ON THE FARM.

Farming Machinery, Vehicles, Harness.

**■

your Silo with any Pow-e r from 4 H-Pup.

Will cut

or shred

green or dry fodder and cut hay or straw. Our cat-i alog explains why Whirl" winds succeed where others fail. Carried in stock at principal transfer points. Pamphlet,— ''How and Why to Fill a Silo," sent free.

A Few Seasonable Implements:

"ONTARIO" AND "PENNSYLVANIA GRAIN DRILLS.

WILDER-STRONG "WHIRL-WIND" SILO FILLER.

"SWISS" FODDER AND FEED CUTTERS.

"McVICKER' GASOLINE ENGINES.

"NEW HOLLAND" AND "PEERLESS" FEED GRINDERS.

HORSE POWERS AND CORN AND COB GRINDERS COMBINED.

"THORNHILL" AND TEN2SESSEE" FARM WAGONS.

"ANDERSON" BUGGIES, SURREYS, AND RUNABOUTS.

CORN BINDERS, TWINE AND OIL.

WOOD SAWING OUTFITS.

Write for Circular and Prices on Anything Needed.

Greatest Capacity.

Least Power.

8 to 10 Tons.

Green Corn Per Hoar.

W. K. BACHE, SONS & MULFORD.

H06 East Main Street, Richmond, Va*

W. K. BACHE. S. S. MULFORD. HARDIN K. BACHE. CYRUS McC. BACHE.

l nnni» » » i >»<i» i i » »»mm, inimnm i um <■" »' vw vvv w v w j*%i^vw m vm m 'wm »j'»»'i'»Ti' mi w w w

v » » i ww w v w

• ■-*-■-» Tt a ~*^»J

Implements, Machinery, Vehicles.

Fairbanks-Morse Gasolln* and Kerosene Engines, Wind-Mills, Towers, Tanks, New Holland Corn and Cob Mills, Wood Saws, Owensboro and Buckeye Farm Wagons, Hickory and Peters Ruggtes and Carriages, Blssel and Genuine Dixie Plows and Repairs, J. I. Case Portable and Traction Engines, Separators.

THE NEW IDEA MANURE SPREADER.

Built like a wagon--Axles same length. Tires 4 inches wide—Best on Earth. Write for special offer on first machine gold in each county of our territory.

Repairs For All Farm Machinery.

POSTAL US FOR CATALOGUES OR ANY INFORMATION DESIRED.

F. C. HOENNIGER &. BRO., INC.

1432 East Main Street Richmond, Va.

(F. C. Hoennlger, Pros. A Tret.; T. W. Hotnnlger, V.-Pros. A Mgr.; 1_ O. Boone, Secy.)

THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER

[October,

y

must do this not only because they want to maintain the reputation of) the Kalamazoo stove, but also because they sell on 360 days' approval.

We urge every one of our readers who is contemplating buying a stove or range to send for the Kalamazoo catalogue and prices. Investigate their offer before you buy elsewhere. It will pay you. A postal card or letter addressed to the Kalamazoo Stove Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan, asking for catalogue No. 400, will bring you the book without charge.

"A KALAMAZOO DIRECT-TO-YOU. ' A great number of our readers are certain to buy a stove or range of some kind this season. If you are among this number, we believe that you are enterprising enough and economical enough to want to get the best stove or range that you can for the least money. If you can save a few dollars by buying direct from the manufacturer and at the same time be sure of getting a stove or range of first-class quality, we know you want to do it.

The Kalamazoo Stove Company lay great stress upon the fact that they

«ic actual manufacturers. We print on this page an illustration giving a bird's-eye view of their great plant in which every branch of stove making is carried on the year round. It has more than five acres of floor space well equipped with the most modern facilities for producing high-grade stoves and ranges and filled with the most carefully selected and most skilled stove makers in the country. Every Kalamazoo stove and range has back of it thirty-five years' experience in stove making and is given the most strict inspection before it is crated for shipment. The company

Northumberland Co., Va., Feb. 9, '0» I cannot do without the Southen Planter. I have been a subscriber foi more than thirty years, and when ] want information about farming ] only have to hunt the Southern Plant er and am sure to find what I want I can't see why every farmer in the South doesn't take it. Why the ad vertisements are worth much more than the subscription if we want fowls or stock or implements, as we feel safe to buy from any in the Southern Planter.

H. H. BLACKWELL.

■i p ^1

Russell Co, Va., Apl. 18, '08. It always gives me pleasure to reai the Southern Planter, which I vain* very highly. W. W. BIRD.

TIE, LABOR and MONEY-SAVING IMPLEMENTS.

SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOGUE DESCRIBING THEM.

fence v c\

OHIO FEED AND ENSILAGE CUTTERS

Combine the Fence and the Hog* and get the Dollars

For hand or power, Furnished with or without Carrier or Blower. Special Catalogue telling all about them sent free to any address.

Biokford & Huffman Farmer's Favorite Grain Drills are built to wear, to sow accurately and to satisfy every user. The Fertilizer Distributor handles accurately any quantity of fertilizer from 55 to 960 lbs. to the acre. Each drill is furnished with special gear wheels for planting corn and beans in rows any desired distance.

Ajax Center Crank Steam Engines. All sizes from four to fifty horse power.

Peerless Gasoline Engines, 2 to 12 horsepower. Simple, durable and economical. Easy to start and will develop their full rated horse power.

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 1302 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

■d

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

955

\» » » » t i v m m m m -i * ~ w+ 'mw* ' » < m » l'in » m i' »»»n l i»»u»»'in'<m » »ini»»»»»v » »vu»»»»i i imnn»m» « '*

SUBSCRIPTION BARGAINS.

We are prepared to make some unusually attractive Subscription offers this season and give below a few Specimens.

•:

OFFER NO. 1.

OFFER NO. 2.

THE GARDJbJ N MAGAZINE- FARMING,.

FARM JOURNAL (2 years) and THE " SOUTHERN PLANTER $1 00

The regular price of these three publications is $2.50. The Garden Magazine—Farming—?is the most beautiful of all agricultural magazines. The Farm Journal—well everybody knows it—is a clean, lively little paper, read by millions of farmers.

PICTORIAL REVIEW and PATTERN, LADIES' WORLD, MODERN PRISCILLA, and

SOUTHERN PLANTER $1 50

The regular price of these four magazines is $2.50. The first three appeal to the ladies, but will be found interesting to the entire family. We doubt if you will have a better chance to get as much reading matter for the money.

OFFER NO. 3.

OFFER NO. 4.

FARM AND FIRESIDE and THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 50

The regular price is 75 cents. You get thirty-six

helpful issues if you accept this offer.

THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER and

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 50

The regular price is $1.00. Surely these two

monthlies are worth anyone's half dollar.

OFFER NO. 6.

OFFER NO. 5.

3

THE INDUSTRIOUS HEN and THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 50

The Hen is a breezy, up-to-date poultry monthly at 50 cents a year, | so we can furnish it to you on this l offer for nothing.

OFFER NO. 7.

THE FARMERS' ACCOUNT BOOK is something every farmer ought to have. We have run across a very simple book, which contains ample room for two or three years' accounts for the average farm and, in addition, has a lot of tables and measurements which will be found useful and valuable. The book retails for 50 cents, but we will give one with every three year subscription at $1.00.

J

Simply order by number and enclose the amount called for and all papers will be promptly sent.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER,

RICHMOND,

VIRGINIA.

I

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[October,

DO YOU KNOW

If it were possible to increase the average wagon load of cotton in the United States one-fourth without in increasing the cost of hauling the load.the saving on one -~=™=-—™—— m «___ MOT ___._»«_ aH _^^_____„^^_ year's cotton crop would be $2,000,000.00, and the aver-

age load of wheat increased by 20 bushels, the saving on one crop would be more than $8,000 000.00.

These are facts proven by government statistics. The remedy is GOOD ROADS, which can be made at least expense by

THE UNIT ROAD 31ACHINE.

SIMPLE, STRONG, EASILY HANDLED. Requires only TWO HORSES and ONE MAN to operate it. COST is LESS THAN ONE-FIFTH as much as that of the four wheel graders. Does the work at HALF THE EXPENSE.

Will do more and better work than twenty-five men with usual tools. For FARM WORK it has no equal for TERRACING, OPENING SHALLOW DITCHES, PULLING DOWN DITCH BANKS, LEVELING, and KEEPING FARM ROADS IN ORDER. NO ROAD DISTRICT CAN AFFORD TO BE WITHOUT ONE.

Sent to responsible persons on trial. Write to-day for booklet and terms. THE EMPIRE DISC DRILLS. For Grain, Corn, Peas, Grass Seed and Fertilizers with Positive Force Feed. Accurate under all circumstances. No guess work.

DISC HARROWS with Solid Steel Weight Boxes. With or without Fore Truck. Solid or Cut Out Discs. All Sizes.

THE EMPIRE BROADCASTER for Fertilizers, Lime, Plaster, Ashes. Capacity 200 to 2000 lbs. per acre.

PEA HULLERS, ROLLERS for Farm or Road Work, Farm Wagons, Wood Saws, Road Plows, Wheel and Drag Scrapers.

IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN ANY OF THESE, WE ARE PREPARE TO MAKE INTERESTING PRICES. Correspondence Solicited.

13 S. Fifteenth St., Between Main and Cary. Established by GEO. WATT, 1840.

THE CALL-WATT CO., ^aSSaoX' 1 '

gr.

1908

1908

In the Stnd

AT THE GROVE FARM

Burkeville, Va.

THE GENERAL2nd.

IMPORTED HACKNEY STALLION.

Magnificent chestnut horse, over 15.2 hands in height; weight 1250 pounds; with superb conformation, grand action and perfect manners. He was Imported by H. K. Bloodgood, the noted hackney breeder, of Massachusetts, especially for use in the stud. His get, which are very fine specimens, may be seen at The Grove Farm.

Fee for the fall season of 1908, $15; single leap $10, due at time of service.

Address T. O. Sandy, Dr. John Young or Dr. J. G. Femeyhough, Owners. BURKEVILLE, VA.

N. B. We are offering for sale at attractive prices, two y«jng hackney stallions, one and two years old, both registered and splendid individuals.

CAN CANCER BE CURED? IT CAN.

We want every man and woman in the United States to know what we are doing—we are curing Cancers, Tumors and Chronic Sores without the use of the knife or by X-Ray, and are endorsed by the Senate and Legislature of Virginia.

We Guarantee Our Cures.

KELLAM HOSPITAL

1615 West Main St., Richmond, Va. FRED C. KELLAM, President.

H. G. CARTER.

W. J. CARTER.

H. Q. CARTER & CO.,

Successors to F. H. DEANB & CO.

HAY, ORAIN, MILL-FEED AND FLOUR.

1105 Bast Cary Street, RICHMOND, VA.

1008.

In the Stud, HACKNEY STALLION.

1008.

PATRICK HENRY. Chestnut horse by "Squire Rickel," «on of the famous Cadet; dam, "Mar-jorle," a gold medal winner by "Rose-Berry."

A POLLARD * SONS,

R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va. Dunraven Stock Farm.

DUVEEN

Registered, see Vol. XVIII, American

Trotting Register.

Bay horse, trotter, foaled 1906, by Kelly, 2:27, son of Electioneer, 125, dam Maggie Johnston, by William O. Watkins.

Pee: $10 season.

R. ELLYSON EWELL, Owner.

403 Monteiro Ave., Rarton Heights,

Richmond, Va.

WEALTH, 20570. Record 2:10

Bay horse, 16 hands; weight 1,100

pounds, by Gambetta Wilkes, world's leading sire of standard performers, with over 200 in the list; dam Magnolia, by Norfolk, 3670, sire of Miss Nelson, 2:11%, etc. Wealth combines flue size and good looks, tflth great natural speed.

Fee—$25 Insurance.

Address:

I. J. COFFIN, R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va.

Stallion cards, folders and catalogs compiled; pedigrees of trotters and thoroughbred horses traced. My library includes Year Books, Trotting Registers, tud Books, Files of turf journals and other references. Special attention to registration of horses.

Address W. J. CARTER, 1105 E. Cary Street, Richmond, Va.

or, 1102 Hull St., Manchester, Va.

Representing The Times-Dispatch and Southern Planter, Richmond, Va.; The Trotter and Pacer, New York; The Horseman, Chicago, 1111.; The American Horse Breeder, Boston, Mass.

DR. FRAZER A. SMITH,

Veterinary Surgeon.

Office and hospital, 14 South 10th St. Richmond, Va.

WOODLAWN STOCK FARM

Hunters, jumpers, high class harness horses and Shetland Ponies for sale.

The Woodlawn herd of Shetlands Is headed by the prize winning stallion, Governor Glenn, fee $15 season. I am offering some choice Shetland brood mares at reasonable prices.

Address,

HARRY C. DEATTIE, Woodlnivn Farm, Richmond, Va.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

957

{rose" >;o:o:<*3'

Turn the Wick

as high as you can—there's no danger—as low as you please—there's no smell. That's because the smokeless device prevents smoke or smell—that means a steady flow of glowing heat for every ounce of fuel burned in a

PERFECTION Oil Heater

(Equipped with Smokeless Device)

You can carry it about and care for it just as easily as a lamp. Brass oil font holds 4 quarts burning 9 hours. Handsomely finished in Japan and Nickel. Every heater warranted.

The

&yo

adds cheeriness to the long winter evenings. Steady, brilliant light to read, sew or knit by. Made of brass, nickel plated, latest improved central draft burner, Every lamp warranted. If your dealer cannot supply Perfection Oil Heater or Rayo Lamp write to our nearest agency for descriptive circular.

STANDARD OIL COMPANY

(Incorporated)

LEADING 1908 UP-TO-DATE LABOR SAVING 20TH CENTURY MACHINERY.

IflQQ SILO FILLING lUaO MACHINERY

With BLOWER and Traveling F£EDTABLE

MILWAUKEE CORN HUSKERS AND FODDER SHREDDERS

The Lightest, Strongest, Simplest and Most Durable Corn Husker on the Market.

SCIENTIFIC STEEL CORN HARVESTER. The best Harvester on earth for standing corn.

Safety Seats.

Safety Shafts.

Made In sizes to suit all wants from 6 to 15 Horse Power Engine. Sold on their own merits. Pay for same after tried and satisfied. "Write for catalogue. Largest Capacity and Strongest Dalit.

BROWN Steel Lever Harrows, Wood Harrows, Case-Ring Bearing Disc Harrows, Spring Tooth Harrows. All sizes, plain or with levers. Acme Harrows of all styles kept In stock at lowest net prices.

SUPERIOR GRAIN DRILLS.

Plain and Fertilizer, Hoe and Di*c Drills. All sizes.

Kemp's Twentieth Century Improved Manure Spreader. Made In five sizes. Write for special Catalogue and prices.

"Milwaukee Corn Huskers and Shredders, Studebaker Farm Trucks—with wood "Eli" Horse and Steam Power Hay or steel wheels and removable bolster Balers. stakes. Write for prices.

HENING & NUCKOLS, 1436-38 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

[October,

Get a Spotless Farm Wagon.

It doesn't matter where your farm is or how serviceable a wagon you need, one of our One or Twa-Horse Spotless "Wagons will fill the bill, and do it to your own satisfaction.

Prices on freight, direct from our factory in Southern Virginia. Add $1 to price if you wish them shipped from Richmond, Va.

$1 O Brings a Spotless Wagon to You.

To show you how great our faith in Spotless Wagons is just send us $10, as a sign of good faith on your part, and we will ship you any Spotless Wagon you desire to your freight office. Examine it, look it over, compare it to other wagons and if you are not convinced it is a great bargain ship back to us and we will send you your $10 and pay freight both ways. Now, isn't that talking business? If you are satisfied, pay the freight agent balance due and freight and take wagon. Furthermore, after you have tried the wagon you may return if not as represented.

fe

Two Horse Wagon Complete Without Brake $44.40.

THIMBLE SKEIN ONE MORSE SPOTLESS WAQON.

With Double Box, Spring Seat and Shafts.

281790. 2B1792 .

Size of Skein

(Or Axle)

2%x6% 7%

Size of Tire

\ l 4 x %

\% x 6-16

Height of Wheels.

Front

3 ft. 3 ft.

2 in. 2 in.

Hind

Z l 4 x 8 in. 3J| x 8 in.

Dimensions of Beds

Lower

9\ in. 9^ in.

Top

4*in. 4% in.

Length

7 ft.

7 ft.

6 in. 6 in.

1500 1800

Prices

Complete Wagon

with body and seat

$27.75 28.75

Running Gear only

$23.40 24.38

WAOON LXT8AS

Spring Seat, complete for either one or two horse wagon

Shafts, for one horse wagon, complete

Body Brakes, for one horse wagon, complete

Gear Brakes, for one horse wagon, complete

Gear Brakes, two horse wagon, complete

Lock Chalaa, two horse wagons, complete

91.50 each

S.40 each

2.75 each

3.4d each

4.50 each

.47 each

Our Guarantee

Will make good any and all breaks due to defective workmanship and material which appears in the first year after purchase.

SPOTLESS CO., INC.,

122 shock me

SQUARE

RICHMOND, VA.

DON'T FAIL TO VISIT OUR EXHIBIT AT THE VIRGINIA STATE FAIR, OCT. 5th to 11th.

THE WATT PLOW CO., Richmond, Va.

Smalley Electric Pole Saw, equally adapted for sawing cord wood and poles up to 16 feet

Ml in length.

Hocking Valley Corn Shellers, one or two hole, with or without fan.

Smalley Horse Powers for 2, 4 or 6 ,

Horses.

Root & IVandervoort Alamo Gasolene Engines from 2to 25 Horse Power. Write for circular telling of their many good points.

Smal ey and Hocking Valley Feed Cutters , with or without elevators.

Smalley Snappers and Huskers.

sK^t

Buckeye Comb ine d Grain and P er tilizer Drill with Grass Seed Attachment.

Columbus Wrenn, Continental and John Deere Buggies and Surreys

THE WATT PLOW CO., RICHMOND, VA.

1426 East Main Street. J438 East-Franklin Street.