Established 1840. THE Sixty=Ninth Year. Southern Planter i A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY. J. F. JACKSON, Editor, Proprietors. Vol. 69. DECEMBER, 1908. No. 12. CONTENTS. our subscription CAMPAIGN 10 5i FARM MANAGEMENT: Editorial— j Work for the Month 1{Jm The Problem of Fertility in Eastern Va...l055 Thoughts Suggested by the November Issue 1056 Those Loafing Acres 1058 Corn Growing and Improving Land 1059 Comments on November Planter 1059 Fertilizer Problems 1060 The Plow Problem 1061 Farm Labor in Eastern Virginia. 1063 Kaffir Corn Growing in the South 1063 TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: Truck Growers' Meeting and the Virginia Truck Experiment Station 1064 Annual Meeting of Virginia State Horticul- tural Society 1065 Home-Made Soluble Oils for Use Against San Jose Scale 1066 Market Gardeners Organize 1067 The Curing and Marketing of Tobacco in the Northern Neck of Virginia in 1796.. 1067 LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: Making Cheap Pork with Grazing Crops.. 1068 Feeding Corn and By-Products 1071 LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY (Continued): Aberdeen Angus Cattle 1071 Auction Sale of Berkshire Hogs at the Virginia State Fair 1072 The Future of Cattle Improvement .' . .1072 T >ME POULTRY^^po. Poultry Notes. . . ?>s. Practical Pure Bred vsTSss, Poultry Keeping on a Farm/. THE HORSE: 1073 3s 1074 1075 Notes ; How Colts Thrive in Virginia 1077 The Horse Markets 1077 MISCELLANEOUS: The State (Prison) Farm 1078 Farmers' Winter Course of Lectures and Demonstrations at the Agricultural and Mechanical College, Blacksburg, Va 1079 Meeting of Commissioners of AgriculturelOSO The Farmers' Club iqsi The Better Farming Special Train— Live Stock Feature 1082 Results of Demonstration Work 1084 Enquirers' Column (Detail Index p. 1138) 1123 Advertisements • 1085 SUBSCRIPTION, 50c. PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE. \ From Thousands of r 1m PagePrkeMakeh "^ MMM> ^T^~^ reader, who mails us the coupon OUR SPECIAL OFFER!^S|Si^^^r^=rss^i^^o?^ tr£«S^ ever issued. It is a bonk that should he '" every ho, ne It descr oe ,an ^ ^ ou tok t h dy £or refer . dise and material useful in the home, in ^ *£f ^J^ajSTmSding materials, roofing, heatingor plumbingequiprnent. MrpnHANDISE AND LUMBER SHERIFF?, RECEIVERS' AND MANUFACTURERS' SALES! v,,w -'" •• iu,..ki.« Drinpc" aw known as Barcain Prices. You Save 40% To 60% Wrecking Prices" are known as Bargain Prices. Our mammoth plant is the largest in the World devoted to the sale it general stocks. Over fortf acres literally covered with merchandise. „„-r. onir-Arn WOTTSF WRECKING CO. are rightfully acknowledged The World s Greatest Low S?™ C i JSSninttoiBitetto be sure and write us before placing your Price Makers. No ma 5X„ where others save you pennies. If we cannot save you money there is no order. We save you ^"^^KLY- you will make a mistake if you don't. Write for a copy of our money to be saved, ill iju«.»" „l- totiav n,p>it Price Maker and Reference Book TODAY. We guarantee our customers absolute satisfaction in every respect, or your money will be returned without question or argument. This paper protects every subscriber against loss. We are bound to make good. As to our reliability, etc.. we refer you to the Editor of this paper. Write or ask any Banker anywhere, your Express or Railroad agent or Mercantile Agencies Write to the Drovers Deposit National Bank, Chicago, the Financial Institution of the great TJnion Stock Yards. IRON-CLAD GUARANTEE ! leadi: address, - . where you have seen this offer and we will mail you free postpaid our big general cat- alog, containing complete li st of 1 um- ber and millwork bargains. Also our plan book of barns and buildings and our free railroad fare offer LUMBER VERY SPECIAL 1 One Thousand New Lumber Offers ! Sold direct from our Mammoth Lumber Yards. Brand new. clean stock. Grades guaranteed. Building Material for every purpose at 60 cents on the dollar. High grade Mill Work of every description. For Houses. m <*#V r^XX 1 Barns, Churches. Stores, Out-Buildings, Cribs, for remodeling PriCeS 40^) OTT I or improvements. SEND US YOUR LUMBER BILL FOR " J.„«?c wT Lin a strictly original way. The secret of our wonderfully low prices and our — ~ ° UR U i° W E WvefsIfs'eaJly expired We'Se nigh'and day to find Lumber Mills. Plaining MiUs. Lum- ~*-^ ability to undersell ^rybody else ^ S ™a istte ss means your opportunity to take advantage of these low-price offer- ber Yards and Lumber Merchants who »«*«*?• '"badly in need of cash; dozens failed or assigned. With our capital and sur- i--*lngs Hundreds of Saw Mill owners and Lumber Companies were badlj on n ^ f ^ rf ^^ ^ ]amber &% 5Q per t ^Lof over E One E M mion Dollars we V^'^^J^^^^J^Mt low price. Now don't forget, be sure and SEND FOR ;V.„ For months our men have been right on the ground, buying en of over One minion uonaro wo p.^-" lm-rine reduction Fop months our men have been right on the ground, buying OUR ESTIMATE BEFORE YOU PLACE YOUR ORDER. rrtraartTfa tt re d off". °™ ESTIMATE BEFORE YOU PLACE YO U R ORDER. SEE THESE LOW PRICES! -6,000 1- W »™rs ■ *■■■■* ^tock ■ Steel Roofing Per 100 sq. ft-, $'•»«# JI'its on applicat- Indian the steel roofing offered ir th ' 9 . adv t?„ XrJ' ,11 send this roofing to anyo-" answering this i adver- ... you send 25 per cent of t*« amount you order in i cash . tisement C. 0. D„ with privilege of ejanur ar Btation . If not found as ^presented refuse the shipment balance to be paid after material reacb- sit A „ kinds of Roofln? supp rles, etc. Send your order today -nd we will cheerfully refund your. — — and 24 in. long, SI. 76 roofing and siding, each sneei t& •"■.y'^-Civi- Soi„ -r&e Our P?ice on corrugated like illustrap f m. sheets Min ? ^ g ana w in. long, • ...... ~y 25 cents per *^ S^SeUooll 1 ^ We Pay the Freight }^S^^^fx^ oth ^-^^ ion. This freight prepaid proposition only refers^jj sen(J tWs roofing ^ an Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. ,, on j j you send 2 5 per cen t of t> .. j. r* n t\ ™;*n nrjvilpi.^ of examii". i_.: i£ . . . ^™ Tubular Lanterns 45c. Steel shovels, strongly me* 8 30c; Steel single bitaxe? * DC - Double bit axes. 40« Large - steel oammers, c . j)* 00 ™ forks , 45 C oayforks, 30c; ^yj* handles, 5c. irfack saws, with I frame. 15c; Hand! saws, 'ScjCompassI saws ; 12c, Files, 5c" Manila Rope Bargains Good Manila Rope,, slightly used, allsizes, °s in.. per 100ft.. $3.25. New Manila Rope slightly shop worn, per lb., 10c. Wrap ping Twine, per lb.. Galvanized Guy Wire 100 ft.; $1-60. Wire Rope, all kinds. Carpets, Rugs and Furniture , 5c. HEATING PLANTS We Guarantee to save you from 30 to 50 per cent. Send your blueprints and specifica- tions for our estimate. Plants are of most- a modern construction. ^^ ^ " e P 11 .* thl ^ e - T ?fP Our book. Cold ^^ tional saving offer m\ Weather comfort, ^W to you.' in order to re- contains valu- ^W d ° ce rt ou r stock of higi able infor- ^^^^r rrade floorcovermp It shoulc mati on ^^^r P rove °f great interest to everj sent free. J ^^^r householder. Absolutely the preat ■^^^ est money saving proposition evei offered. We just purchased at i New York Auction Sale S250.00C worth of the finest and costliest Rugs Carpets and Linoleum. On this deal we an giving you the benefit of our great purchas ing powers. Not only can you save 40 to 60 pei cent on Rugs, Carpets and Linoleum, but Furni tore as well. Every article we offer is guarantee to be brand new, modern and strictly first quality. T< take advantage of this special offer, you must order at once LaGripperWre^i c c iMostperfect wjjjj improved in I tured, nate»orcelain th nicke 'strainer, enaineieu insiae ana outsia SI-OO. Cast iron, flat rim, white p enameled kitchen sinks, size 18x30, wll plated strainer, $1.75. 100 POUNDS FENCING WIRE AT $1.25 FARM AND PLATFORM SCALES 3-ton Steel Wagon Scale with 8x14 ft. platform, $22.75; other wagon scales up to $",5; 400 lb. capacity portable Platform Scales, guaranteed, $8; Brand new Counter platform Scabs, weighs from 1-2 oz.. to 24 lbs., $2.25. No. 11 Painted Wire shorts, SI. 25; Nos. 9. 10, 11 and 12 Galvanized wire shorts, $1.50; Nos. 14 and 15, $1.60; Brand new 2 point Barhed wire. Barbs 3 inches apart, made of 11 wire, put up 80 rods to the reel, price per reel, SI. 90; No. 7, SI. SO; No. 14, S3. 10; BB Phone wire No. 12, per 100 lbs., $2.85. Tele- phone equipment. Fence wire of all kind. ENAMELED TUDS, $6.0t Brand new stee tubs, with enanie baked on, 5ft. long Handsome whit enameled, seam lesscast-iron.rol ■^w — rim bath-tub al S16.25 Low-down water closet outfits SIO. Beautiful Marble Wash stands SI FREE CATALOG COUPON CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY 85th & Iron Streets, Chicago I read the SOUTHERN PLANTER .Send me charges t r new 500 page p**S*Gk rree of all i per ubove offer. Address County R F. I> . State Do You Want Our Special Furniture Catalog Do You Want Our Sptclal Plumbing and Heating Book Do You Want Our Special Building Jack Screws 95c Our Jacks are brand new, best quality manufac- tured. Made with cast iron .... and wrought iron screw having :p cut thread. 10 Ton Jack Screw. 95c; 12T..n Jack Screw. S 1.21; 16 Ton Jack Screw, SI. 42; 20 Ton Jack Screw. SI. 90. 24 T..n Jack screw. $2.52; Bouse Raising Jacks.S1.55j Maple Rollers. 20c; Single Tackle Blocks, 23c; Double Blocks. 38c. Combination Tools, $3.25 Handiest, strongest most practical Tool made, ..gritSksin. Width of jaw 3^2 i. ; jaws open Bin. Jaws ore steel ,ced and polished. Anvil has case irdened top and has steel cut-off. Horse Shoes, $3.75 per Keg ff We offer 2.000 kegs of brand new, first-class celebrated "Eagle** horse shoes at $3.75 per keg when ordered in lots of 5 kegs at one time; in smaller quantities, price, $4.00. We can furnish sizes from No. to No. 7, either mixed or one kiud to a keg. Portable Forge, $4.7! Lever motion ; wit extra heavy pipe legs stands 30 in., high 8 in Larger forges lik illustration frofl $6.85 to $14.50. W guarantee I forges equal , superior to any thing on the mai ket. Write for our full list. WRITE FOR OUR BIG ILLUSTRATED CATALOG! THf* WONDERFUL BARGAIN BOOK is just out and ready t B nf nrn.fi t t. *>,„ * _ _„ . , .. y 5 meet ought to be they should be a source of profit to the producers and be the means of greatly enhancing the fer- tility of the land. The labor difficulty has this year been one of less impor- tance than for several years- past. The effect of the money panic of 1907 was to cause almost a complete cessa- tion of new development work and the building and improvement of railroads and other public works. Thou- sands of hands were discharged and many of these found their way back to the farms and were willing to work for wages which farmers could afford to pay, and thus relieved the situation. The true remedy, however, for scarcity of labor on the farm is the substitution of ma- chinery, and this has made great progress in the South. Human labor is too costly to be used even at low wages, and farmers who have substituted machinery wherever it can be used have realized this and can get along and do more work with less than half the labor formerly required. These men are not likely to go back to the old days of the single plow with one or two hands and light teams, however low may be the wages. The tend- ency every day is to increase the power and strength of the machines used and to use horse, mule and steam or kerosene power to operate them. We are looking forward to the time when much of the horse power now required on the farm will be dispensed with and engine power be substituted. A great saving will result from this change as the engine only consumes when working, while horses and mules have to be fed at all times. In Europe this change is being largely made already and it will soon come about here. We plowed with steam more than forty years ago and in many sections of England to-day the travelling steam plow and cultivator is as common as the steam threshing outfit. Owners, of threshing out- fits also operate steam plows and, after finishing up the threshing, set out with the steam plow and plow and fit the land for seeding at so much per acre. The co-opera- tive ownership of these outfits by a number of farmers in any section would result in great economy in production and would make farmers largely independent of labor dif- ficulties. Until this change comes about we would urge that farmers as they need new implements buy only the ones capable of doing the work of two or three of the old ones and operate these with heavier teams and thus economize on man power. In the West we find two the require- ments of a population now rapidly growing up to the 100,000,0'00 mark and to improve at the same time the fertility and" crop producing capacity of the land. In the solution of these problems machinery is to play the most important part and hence the necessity for its considera- tion. Greater crops cannot be made without better prep- aration of the land and this cannot be made without bet- ter and heavier implements except at a labor cost which will be relatively too large. It is too late now to plant any further crops this year except it may be Canada peas and oats, in the Tidewater section of this State and the Eastern sections of North and South Carolina, and even in these sections the seed- ing of this crop at this time is only justified by the con- S1 deration that the work is gotten out of the way of other pressing work in the early spring months. Seeded now, the crop will be no earlier than if seeded in Janu- ary or February unless the winter should be very mild and if it should be severe the risk of injury will be con- siderable. The crop is valuable as an early grazing crop for hogs and for green feed for stock and for an early hay crop and it comes off early enough to be followed by corn or some other forage crop. Sow two bushels of peas and cover deeply, say five or six inches, and then sow one bushel of oats and cover three or four inches Though too late to sow any crop, it is not too early to begin to get the land ready for crops. One of the greatest faults of Southern farmers is that they fail to make use of the fine open winter weather which we have They argue that because we have not generally any severe frost that plowing the land in winter does not effect any good purpose. This, is wholly wrong Whilst we may not have the severe frost which the Northern farmer gets, w e yet have sufficient frost to greatly ameli- orate land open to its influence, and another great pur- pose served is that by winter plowing we break the land and make it permeable by the rain and thus prevent washing and admit the air and sun into it. Land plowed now may require to be replowed later though more fre- quently, if the plowing be done deeply now, and espe- cially if it be also subsoiled, this further breaking may be well done by the disc or cutaway harrow. But even if it be necessary to replow it this is not to be regretted as what all our land most needs to make it more produc- 1054 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, tive is more frequent plowing and breaking of the soil to thoroughly disintegrate it and admit the air, the sun, and the water into it. ,-■»-» "The following extracts from a Bulletin issued Mj, MD r. Knapp, the Special Agent in charge of the Farmers Cooperative Demonstration Work, on this suh.ec to *aU cnH winter Blowing, are so pertinent and so full ot sound "sdom that we make no excuse for republishing them. They ought to be read and re-read and pondered by every farmer and acted upon: The presence of heat, air, and moisture is essentia to chemical rind germ action in the preparation of plant od Tn the sotl. The depths to which these penetrate he soil depend upon the depth of the plowing, provided the soil is well drained. There is no use in plowing down nto a subsoil full of water. It has been proved beyond question that the roots of plants Penetrate fte sort deeper and feed deeper in deeply plowed land. Thus, m general, it may he stated that when the soil is plowed three inches deep the plants have three inches of food when plowed six inches deep, they have six inches of food and when plowed ten inches deep they have ten inches of food. The fact that the bottom portions of the plowed land are not as rich in available plant food as the top portions shows the necessity of getting more air and heat down to them by deeper tillage. The most essential condition for fertile soil is a constant sup- ply of moisture, so that a film of water can envelop the soil particles and absorb nutritive elements. The hair roots of plants drink this for nourishment. If there is any more than enough to serve as films for the soil parti- cles and capillary matter, there is too much and it should be drained off. This can be determined by digging a hole twenty inches deep. If there is standing water in the bottom of the hole, it indicates too much water in the soil or subsoil. * * * * The capacity of a given soil to hold film and capillary moisture depends upon how finely it is pulverized and upon the amount of humus in it. Unplowed lands retain but little water. Thoroughly pul- verized soil three inches deep cannot store enough to make a crop. * * * * In all Southern States there are every year periods of drought, sometimes not serious, but generally sufficiently protracted to reduce the crop. The remedy for this is increased Storage capacity for moisture. This can be accomplished by deep and thor- ough tillage and by filling the soil with humus (partly decayed vegetation). The effect of deep tillage has been explained. The effect of humus is to greatly increase the storage capacity of soils for water and to reduce evapora- tion. A pound of humus will store seven and one-half times as much moisture as a pound of sand, and the sand will lose its water by evaporation three and one-half times more rapidly than the humus. A clay soil will store only about one-fourth as much moisture as humus, and will lose it by evaporation twice as rapidly. * * * * Plants use an enormous quantity of water. An acre of good corn will absorb and evaporate during its growth nearly ten inches of water. About three-fourths of this amount will be required during the last seventy-five days of its growth, or at the rate of two and two-fifths inches ot water a month. This is in addition to evaporation from the soil, which, even with the retarding influence of a I dust mulch, will amount to several inches each montji in midsummer. * * * * An objection is sometimes urged that fall-plowed soil becomes saturated with water dur- ,ng the winter and remains wetter and I colder later in the spring than land left unbroken in the fall. This is true only upon land not sufficiently drained and where the breaking is shallow. Water passes through deep breaking readily, and, with reasonable drainage, it is ready for planting earlier than lands broken In the spring. * * * * When land is nearly level and drainage poor, the soil should not be flat-broken, but be left in ridges or narrow lands about five or six feet wide, suitab e for nlanting with a dead furrow between. This provides win- ErlrSnie and keeps the pulverized soil out of the water, which is important even if unbroken. * * * * A deeper and more thoroughly pulverized seed bed was the , ft Ra- tion upon which England built an improved ^culture, and thl principle has been generally accepted here for more than one hundred and sixty years until the aver^ age production has increased nearly fivefold. * Do not bring to the surface too much of the subsort. The best plan is to double plow; that is, to follow the break ing plow in the same furrow with -a subsoil plow or nar- rower plow or a scooter (with sides removed) and go down as deeply as desired. Generally the disc plow may be sent down eight or ten inches ^^f * ^ plowing is done in the fall, and especially if the laud Plowed twice or more. * * * * There is no question that breaking and pulverizing to a depth of eight to ten or twelve inches is economical. The cost of breaking ten inches deep, when done with a disc plow, should not he more than fifty cents an acre in excess °l breaking six inches deep. Whether a plant has plenty of food all the time or only part of the time makes the difference between a good crop and a poor crop. Turn down all the vegetable matter upon the land to make humus. Do not plow when the land is too wet to work well. Land needing draining should have attention during the winter months. Very much of the land in the South would be greatly improved in productiveness by the low- ering of the natural water level. This is too near the surface on most of our best lands to permit them to make the yields they are capable of. Because water does not stand on the surface constantly is not an indication that land does not need drainage. Wherever water stands in a hole dug twelve or eighteen inches deep that land needs draining. Plants cannot grow in water sogged land and it is the underlying water that does the injury, not that falling on the surface and merely standing for a few days Get the underlying water off so as to increase the depth of the isoil in which the air can circulate and then crops will have a chance to succeed whether the season be a wet or a dry one. Drains should be put down from thirty to thirty-six inches deep and should be filled up not with loose rocks or trash but with the stiffest soil du- out of them. This will cause the drains to draw the° water from the adjoining land on either side of the drain and thus do full service. A drain filled with rocks and loose trash will simply carry off the water falling upon its course and will not suck it out of the adjoining land. When this water is drained out that falling on 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1055 the surface all over the field will soon find its way down to the depth of the drains and will do no harm. The greatest difficulty experienced in draining land in this State is the absence of tile works which make3 the tile cost too much money, as they have to be brought from the North or West. It would pay farmers in every sec- tion of the State to establish cooperative tile works for supplying themselves with the tiles needed. Drainage should be done at a cost of from $15.00 to $20.00 per acre at the outside and the increased productiveness of the land would in a few years repay this many times over. We have drained scores of acres of land and therefore know from practical experience the truth of what we say. •Have all fodder and forage crops not already stored under cover or stacked at once hauled out of the fields and placed in the barn, or in stacks over which a good roof should be fixed, and let these be located near the barn for handiness in feeding. Fix everything tidily and snugly about the farm build- ings and home, and make good footpaths from the house to the farm buildings, wood-house and other conveniences, so that in bad weather the necessary work may be at- tended to without wading through mud, slush and snow. The work of cleaning up land intended to be brought into crops and cultivation ought to have attention. Do this work thoroughly. Don't leave rocks or stumps to interfere with plowing a straight furrow from one side of the field to the other. Left in the ground, these ob- structions cause broken implements, waste of land, loss or temper and harbor briars, weeds, insects and fungoid diseases. Clean them out as they are met with. Digout and haul off onto the roads through the farm all rocks interfering with the cultivation of the land and gather the loose rocks from the fields and haul these on to the roads and fill up all deep holes with them and cover with gravel, first, breaking the stones into small pieces so that they will set. Fill up the ruts by pulling in the sides and bring the surface of the road into good shape, highest in the center and lowest at the sides, and plow out the ditches on each side to ensure good drainage and thus make a road which will be permanent and dry. A Merry Christmas and Happy and Prosperous New Year to All. Old fences should be repaired and new ones be fixed where needed, but do not multiply them unnecessarily, as they are a constant source of expense, and should only be put up when absolutely necessary to the effective work- ing of the farm on a good system of rotation. Make all fences straight and in parallel lines as far as possible, to economise time in working the land. Put gates into every fence to admit of access to the fields, and to en- sure stock being kept where placed. Clean out the ice pond, and get it filled with pure clean water, ready for the first frost. Clean out the ice- house and repair it, ready for use. If you have no ice- house, now is the time to build one. The best ice-house is one built above ground, and is practically nothing more than one house within another one, with a space between the walls of the two houses of eighteen inches or two feet, which must be packed tight with sawdust. The natural ground makes as good a floor as any, and should have logs laid on it, with open spaces between them to keep the ice out of water draining from the ice. This water should all fall to one point, from which it should be carried off by a drain, which drain should be trapped with a bent pipe, which will stand full of water to exclude inflowing air. A double roof should be placed on the house, with a good air space between the inner and outer roofs, and plenty of ventilation should be pro- vided to carry off all warm air. THE PROBLEM OF FERTILITY IN EASTERN VIRGINIA. Editor Southern Planter: Some writers tell us there is enough potash and phos- phate in tlhe subsoil to last hundreds of years, and that it is only necessary to use long tap-rooted plants, such as peas and clover to bring this up, and add humus; others tell us that potash and phosphate must be used, or the land will get too poor to sprout peas. Now, which side is right? With the price of the in- gredients now almost prohibitive, what will it be when everybody begins using them? Besides, will the mines hold out much longer? If farmers have to depend on these ingredients, •their future is a gloomy one. I have several times used a mixture of potash and phosphate on peas on light land, but saw no benefit, the fertilized and unfertilized bringing a fair crop. Manure made from pea hay will not begin to cover the land from which it was taken. The cattle will drop much in places where it will do no good. Much land in Eastern Virginia was never rich. You may make a clearing in the woods, and it will produce but a very little better than an old cultivated field. All the discussions in the farm papers seem to apply solely to stiff clay lands. Much land is in as good a mechanical condition after it is harrowed once as it would be if gone over a hunldlred times, still it produces poorly. H. T. FAUNT LE ROY. New Kent Co., Va. All the heavy lands and nearly all the light lanas on a clay subsoil have both potash and phosphoric acid suffi- cient in them to produce good crops for hundreds of years, if only the same was in an available condition, but largely these are unavailable, and must remain so until released by deepening and cultivation of the soil, and the introduction of a regular course of rotation of crops. A prime requisite for all the lands of Eastern Virginia is humus in the soil. Long cultivation in clean hoed crops has consumed all the vegetable matter in tfhe soil, and without the presence of this in abundance, the potash and phosphoric acid will not become available. Humic acid, the produce of decaying vegetable matter in tne soil, is essential to dissolve out and make available the phos- phoric aoid and potash. The surface soil in these sec- tions—and this is largely true all through the South — has been so robbed of its vegetable matter and mineral plant food by a long system of poor farming, that it 1056 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, must have some help to get it started in the produc- tion of this vegetable matter; hence, the advice to apply acid phosphate and potash to give the needed help. The proper crops to use for supplying the vegetable matter are the legumes, cow peas, soy beans and crimson clover, as these crops, when they have the needed mineral plant food (phosphoric acid and potash) can get the nitrogen from the atmosphere, and thus avoid the necessity for buying the costliest form of plant food — nitrogen. It is impossible to secure a heavy growth of any of these legumes on the lands of Eastern Virginia without the use of these minerals, and until a heavy growth has been secured and turned into the land, the unavailable fertility cannot be utilized. We have never known the production of these crops and their return to the soil for a year Or two to fail to make these lands productive, so that with the adoption of a proper system of rotation following prof- itable crops of other kinds could not be made. The lack of available phosphoric acid in all the old cultivated soils of the E'ast, is next to the lack of humus, probably the most important factor requiring attention, and it is well that this is so as this can be supplied at the least cost of any plant food. It is stating the point extravagantly to say the price of these mineral plant foods is nearly prohib- itive of their use. Acid phosphate, in which the phos- phoric acid is at once available, can be bought at from $10. (r0 to $15.00 per ton, according to the amount of available acid present, and the application of 300 pounds to the acre, costing from $1.50 to $2.00, cannot, surely, be considered a, prohibitive price to ensure a heavy growth of a legume crop, which will make from two to three tons of hay of the most valuable feeding quality, if cut off, and yet leave from seventy-five to 100 pounds of nitrogen added to the soil for the production of the next crop, and which, if properly balanced by the addition of the necessary amount of phosphoric acid and potash, will make a profitable crop of a non-legume; or, if a legume is again sown, a much heavier crop than the one removed. When once the land is supplied With humus and nitro- gen by the growth of legumes, the staple crops can be produced profitably with phosphoric acid alone, as has been demonstrated in all that section of the State, and especially by Dr. Stubbs, in Gloucester county. Our cor- respondent should read the article from the pen of Dr. Stubbs, published in our October issue, and follow his- advice and practice, and he will soon see that Eastern Vir- ginia lands can be made productive at comparatively small cost. The need of applying potash is doubtful, even on the sandy land, except for the production of tobacco and Irish potatoes. Dr. Stubbs finds it unneces- sary in Gloucester county, an\i we have the same report from other counties in that section. The use of lime at the rate of one ton to the acre will, in nearly all cases, 'suffice to set free sufficient potash to supply the needs of the staple crops, and this can be had at from $3.00 to $5.00 per acre, and only needs to be used once in every three or four years; thus, practically only costing about $1.00 per acre per year, surely not a prohibitive price for this valuable ameliorative of the condition of the soil, for lime acts not merely as a releaser of potash, but on these light lands as a binder of the soil, making it more cohesive and retentive of moisture. Our friend need be under no apprehension as to the failure of the phos- phate mines for years to come. There are millions of tons of phosphate rock in Florida and Tennessee already known and worked, and in all probability, there are de- posits elsewhere not yet exploited. For potash we are as yet dependent on the great mines of Germany, which are apparently inexhaustible, and it may yet be found that we have similar deposits in this country. Where potash is needed to be supplied it can be bought at about the same price per unit as phosphoric acid, and there- fore, is a cheap fertilizer, seeing that only a small quan- tity is needed per acre: say, from fifty to 100 pounds for the staple crops. Our correspondent is a pessimist like, sadly, too many of our farmers. He anld they need to be- come optimists. If they will only do their share of the work with intelligence, Providence will give the reward. Hitherto they have largely violated the laws of nature by taking everything and giving back nothing. Plow deep in the fall and winter, and a little deeper every year in the spring; grow the legumes both winter and sum- mer; feed these with phosphoric acid, and then feed them to the land either as vegetable matter turne|dl down; or, better, through the medium of live stock as manure, care- fully saved under cover, and applied at once to the land, and adopt and follow closely a rotation of crops, which, shall bring at least one legume crop on to the land — and it is easy enough in our climate to bring two — each year between each staple crop removed, and In five years' time there is not an . acre of land in Eastern Virginia which cannot be made to produce profitable crops, unless it is in need of drainage to lower the nat- ural water level. Crops and stagnant water cannot co- exist. — Ed. THOUGHTS SUGGESTED BY THE NOVEMBER ISSUE. Editor Southern Planter: I was much interested in Mr. Grizzard's views on the cultivation of corn in Southampton county, Va., and am glad to see him courageously standing for a practice which has proved successful in spite of the contrary advice of the experiment stations. Both he and the editor are absolutely correct in everything they say; he in his prac- tice and Mr. Jackson in his principles of agriculture. Mr. Grizzard says that plowing dirt to corn insures a larger yield, and the editor says it exposes twice as much sur- face to the action of the sun's rays, thereby leading to a more rapid evaporation. Now, it has so happened that I have seen both sides of the picture, for I was born and raised on the north shore of Long Island, a terminal morain formed by a glacier which rested in the valley of the Connecticut River several years before Adam, and which, upon coming in contact with the main waters of the Atlantic Ocean melted, and made the deposit which is now selling for $1,000 an acre. The north shore of the island is a succession of sand hills, with gravel beds and boulders interspersed here and there, and there is no soil other than sand, and vegetable mould, and no regu- lar subsoil whatever, except the same sand and gravel down as far as you can go. As an illustration, I may mention that the well on our place was 106 feet deep, and you could see stars from the 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1057 bottom at mid-day. It is on soil of this character that a shallow level cultivation is absolutely essential; in fact, every effort of the agriculturist must be bent toward secur- ing and conserving moisture. A high spot in a field is synonymous with a poor spot, and if there is any un- drained basin in a field where water that falls on frozen ground will pond during the winter, that is invariably the richest part of the land. At the age of twenty-four I left this country, and bought a farm in Tidewater Vir- ginia that is nearly square, and has no part excepting the river bank which is twelve inches higher than the average, where a fall of six inches in 100 yards is called a hill, where the average well is eight feet deep, and during most of the year every horse track is a mud hole, and ■every post hole a very capable well, where a high tide comes within four feet of submerging the whole farm, and where there still remains on the adjoining farms traces of the dikes which, prior to the war, were used as .a defence against the invasion of the "gurt tides." I may, therefore, fairly say that I have experienced both extremes in the problem of water conservation and water •elimination; and, I found not only by observation, but partially by dear bought experience, that the level culti- vation of my youth was a sure road to crop failure, and starvation when applied in practice in middle age, and that the problem here was not the conservation of mois- ture, but its elimination, that crops might suffer here from drouth, but were absolutely destroyed by drowning, that successful agriculture consisted not in saving all the water that fell, but in getting rid of all that the land would not absorb, before it would work an injury, and only saving the balance by cultivation and the forming of the mulch. It is unquestionably true, as Mr. Jackson has pointed out, that a shallow level cultivation will preserve the moisture, but why recommend it to a man who already has entirely too much moisture now, *and who, by plow- ing his field full of ridges, can expose a larger surface to the sun, and thereby do by aeration what he possibly cannot afford to do by drainage. To sum up the situa- tion: A system that is applicable to a Long Island sand bank will not grow corn on Virginia lowgrounds, and the system which will succeed on Virginia low grounds will destroy the productive capacity of a sand hill 200 feet high. As you leave the lowest of the wet lands and the highest of the dry lands, you will find the methods ol culture to vary, ana various methods be successful until you meet on the mutual ground, where any method will give a good crop, the one essential thing being to move the soil particles, and destroy the weeds at regular in- tervals. Mr. Marsh sounds a warning which may be applicable to Northern New York, but which will be but little heeded in Virginia, at least in Tidewater, for, while we may have occasionally small pieces of land used for trucking which become too rich in nitrogen to produce good crops there is little danger, I am sorry to say, of any one's whole farm getting into that condition. Our people grow grain and "hay, the former of which contains large amounts ot nitrogen, and apply little of any fertilizer, but phosphoric acid and potash to the soil, they have little to fear from nitrogen accumulation. Mr. Marsh says the farmers about Ithaca use from 300 to 1,0'00 pounds of 10.8 goods to the acre. A crop of wheat yielding sixty bushels to the acre would require approximately only 300 pounds of ten per cent, phosphoric acid, provided there was none in the soil, and twenty-four pounds of actual potash, which he would get from 300 pounds of eight per cent, potash would a little more than balance it. It is a sensible com- bination, and well adapted to the wheat crop, where the natural nitrogen content of the soil is sufficient to grow sixty bushels of wheat per acre, but what in the world they want with 1,000 pounds of such a fertilizer is beyond my comprehension. 1,000 pounds of ten per cent, phos- phoric acid would be lO'O pounds actual phosphorous, enough to grow 200 bushels of wheat per acre, provided the land could furnish the additional six and eight-tenths pounds needed, together with the necessary nitrogen. Of course, these excessive amounts of fertilizer are more applicable to a corn than to a wheat crop for, while corn and spring wheat have practically the same analysis, so far as phosphoric acid and potash are concerned, one usually expects about twice the yield per acre from corn and 1,000 pounds of 10-8 goods would furnish the min- eral constituents for an enormous crop, even were the composition of both corn and fodder dependent upon the chemicals applied, as the following figures will show, potash being the controlling factor: Analysis of corn — ears and fodder, N., 1.76; Ph. a., .54; Pot., .89. Actual potash in 1,000 pounds of 10-8 goods, 80 lbs. Formula: .89 per cent. X 2,000 = 17.8; 80-=- 17.8=4% tons per acre, or four and one-half average two-horse loads of unshucked corn, as it is usually hauled to the fodder shredder. It must say that I am afraid it is a larger yield than the average here in the Tidewater sec- tion, though it is not impossible on land such as Mr. Marsh describes, that is overdosed with nitrogen from stable manure and supplemented by such heavy applica- tions of mineral fertilizer. Professor Massey has misrepresented the experiments of Professor Stubbs, at Valley Front, in describing them as conclusive as regards the deficiency of potash in the soil, for it was just the other way about. He demonstrated that he had plenty of potash, but lacked phosphoric acid and nitrogen, the latter of which he purposes to supply with stable manure and legumes, and the former by acid phosphate. I have had the pleasure of visiting Mr. Stubbs at his ancestral home, and have heard him describe the whole procedure to the assembled members of the Farm- ers' Club, of Gloucester county. He has done a great work there, and the farm which was regarded as synony- mous with poverty, due to neglect for a long period after the war, now grows excellent crops and supports a large quantity of live stock. As I understand it, Mr. Stubbs has done this without the purchase of any great quantity of nitrogen, and with practically nothing, but the tolls from his grist mill in the way of auxiliary feeds for the main- tenance of live stock and building up of the manure pile. This in itself is a great achievement, and gees to prove that our lands may be made more and more fertile with nothing outside their own resources but phosphoric acid. Whether or not a profit can be made in the doing is more 1058 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, than has yet transpired. I have heard it intimated that Valley Front was a losing investment for Professor Stubbs during the years of its incipiency. It should pay its way now» if any farm can. I can appreciate Mr. Baily's difficulty in turning under foul land with a chilled plow. I used to try do such things myself when I first moved here, but fortunately for my venture, I came here too young for the matter of habit to have any very serious effect upon my comprehension. Of course, I don't know from experience anything about foul land on hillsides; but on my own land I have never seen any growth that could not be handled by a big Champion or Dixie plow, and my choice would depend upon my teams. Neither plow will choke when moving at the required speed, but the Champion is better suited to a fast team than the Dixie, and has the additional advantage of lighter draft. Both plows are designed for the same class of work, the handling of loose land that is more or less matted in patches, and covered with loose trash. The difference is that the Dixie has a more abrupt turn to the mould board, and consequently works at a lower speed. Neither plow is fit to use in sod, and no Southern farm is well equipped without two sets of plows the size and style of which should depend largely upon the team and the tenacity of the soil. I use 1,100-pound horses and a No. 19 Oliver for sod, and a No. 11% Champion for all other plowing. The draft is about the same, but the chilled plow cuts a shade the largest furrow, and is the most economical to use wherever it will do good work, but I have no use for one in the gar- den or in a stalk field. I am much interested in Professor Soule's diagrams for hog lot rotations, and recommend their careful study. This is a very practical subject, and his illustrations are excellent. Perhaps it appeals to me more than to others because I have been hunting for some cheap method of making pork without recourse to the corn crib ever since I can remember, and have never found any system which exactly fulfilled my requirements. PERCIVAL HICKS. Matthews Co., Va. The comment on Professor Massey's remarks on Dr. Stubbs' article is founded on a mistake made by the printers, and is, therefore, inapplicable. Professor Massey wrote "Phosphoric Acid," and the printer made this "Pot- ash." The mistake was corrected, but the correction was overlooked. Professor Massey calls attention to this in this issue. — Ed. THOSE LOAFING ACRES. Editor Southern Planter: How many loafing acres have you that are not yielding a profit, nor even making taxes and interest? Every day, as I travel over the country I see fields which are claifned to be worth a hundred dollars per acre, with a swale running across, a couple of stone piles in a corner, or a few scrawny, half dead apple trees scat- tered over them. These acres are loafing ,and what is worse, not only loafing, but costing the farmer hard- earned money every time he sends a man into the field to work, as the value of time wasted in turning around such obstructions is very great. With the heavy machinery in use in modern agricul- ture, a man must have a clean sweep across the field, it he is to be successful. Often a few dollars would put in an underdrain and transform a worthless swale into fer- tile land. The same amount would take out the stones or root out the trees. Trees are all right in their place, but their place is near the fence, or in a clump by them- selves, not scattered all over an otherwise profitable field. Often we see several acres of rough land which is not in a shape to be cultivated, loafing in weeds and brush, between live, producing fields, simply because the farmer has not the ambition to fence them in. If such land can- not be put under cultivation with profit, it should be fenced and turned into pasture, or if the farmer wishes to grow trees, let him set out some useful variety; but he must not allow the land to loaf away with his profits, growing weeds, brambles and brush, for though many farmers do not seem to know it, there are just as many weeds in the shape of worthless trees, as in ordinary crops. Another way in which your acres loaf, is by growing crops in small patches, which can be seen all over the country. Here not only the land loafs, but also the farmer, the hired man and the teams in time spent in turning corners, and wasted in cultivating small patches. In order to succeed with modern heavy machinery, the farmer must be able to cultivate long stretches. Cut out all parts of your farm that are loafing, and not producing, even if it takes half your farm, and run the rest on a short rotation with clover or other legumes, and you will produce more crops, with one-half the man and team labor. Another way of allowing your land to loaf, and espe- cially in the older portions of the country, is not to supply sufficient plant food to bring a profitable crop to maturity. The farmer's land is his bank. A part of the plant food is made available each year from nature's inexhaustible supply, the rest must be supplied, and if he takes it out faster than it is renewed, his crops will fail. How sad it is to see a farmer plow, cultivate, sow, harvest and thresh half a crop from a field, when with the same amount of fabor he could have prevented his field from loafing, by supplying the amount of plant food needed to grow a full crop, as is done by successful farmers all over the country. What to use can only be found out by experience and advice from the experiment stations and practical farm- ers, but if clover and other legumes are grown, and a large amount of manure made, very little nitrogen will be needed. But it is probable that the mineral plant food will be deficient, especially potash and phosphoric acid, which can be obtained separately as potash salt's and acid phos- phate, or in mixture, prepared especially for those farm- ers who rely on atmospheric nitrogen. As a usual thing, however, the latter class of farmers have fewer loafing . aces, and they produce maximum crops on clean fields supplied with sufficient potash, phosphoric acid and nit- rogen, as shown by carefully conducted tests with the plant food elements. To the farmer with loafing acres 1 can only say: Get rid of loafing acres and other loose ends first, then you will be in a position to emulate the example of the " close to nature farmer." G. FRED. MARSH. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1059 CORN GROWING AND IMPROVING LAND. Editor Southern Planter: In the January number of the Planter of this year 1 Dcticed the demonstrative work being carried on by the farmers in the vicinity of Burkeville, under instructions from Mr. T. O. Sandy. I determined to know how this mode of farming applied to raising corn would do in Southwest Virginia, so decided to try the plan on about five acres on my farm in Carroll county, and the experi- ment has proved a success, though I did not follow his instructions in full. I did not subsoil, and did not plow the land until early spring, but broke it from six to seven inches deep. I applied lime, one ton to the acre, and har- rowed it in; also applied 400 pounds of bone meal on two and a half acres, and acid phosphate, sixteen per cent, on the other half. I find that the: corn on which the acid phosphate was applied was the equal, if not better, than where the bone meal was used. In working the crop i followed his instructions as to sowing crimson clover at the last working, and have a nice stand. I do not think our seasons are long enough here to wait for the clover to get in full bloom before turning under, and then make a crop of corn next summer; and, therefore, am at a loss how I shall proceed further. I want to put this land in corn in 1910, and have been thinking that when the clover gets in bloom, which, I suppose, will be about the first of June, that I will cut it down with my disc harrow, and let it remain until it wilts, then turn it under as deep as I can, and in September sow it back in clover, adding about a bushel of rye to the acre, on which I will apply about 400 pounds of acid phosphate to the acre. Acid phosphate seems to answer the purpose of bone meal with equal, if not better, results for the first crop, but bone meal may be much better and last much longer in the end for future crops. I would like to hear from you about this. C. L. HANKS. Carroll Co., Va. We think you should be able to grow a cowpea crop for hay, following the turning down or cutting in of the crimson clover if you did not wait until the clover is in full bloom, and then follow this crop with crimson clover and grain mixed (wheat, oats and rye in equal part, one bushel to the acre, and twelve or fifteen pounds of crimson clover, with an application of 300 or 400 pounds of acid phosphate per acre). In the event of your adopting this course, we would cut in the crimson clover crop with the disc harrow instead pf plowing it down, and drill the peas at the rate of two pecks to the acre, using the grain drill with every other spout stopped. Cut for hay in Aug- ust or September, and then cut in the stubble and fertil- ize with the disc harrow, and sow the crimson clover and grain mixture. This would enable you to get a crop of good feed, and yet put the land in better condition for the following corn crop, and this without the cost of two plowings. If you do not think you could succeed with the cowpea crop in your section — here we have no diffi- culty in doing this — then your plan of plowing down the crimson clover will be all right, except that you should let it get more than wilted, or you may at that season of the year sour the land. Let it get most of the natural moisture out of the crop before turning down, and then do not turn the furrows completely over, but edge them so as not to destroy the connection of the turned furrow with the subsoil. In this way the capillarity of the soil will be maintained, and the moisture from below will rise in the land and ensure the decay of the clover crop, and provide humus for the next crop. We greatly prefer to grow some crop on the land to utilize the nitrogen gath- ered by the clover, as there is risk of loss of much of this by leaching if the land be left bare during the sum- mer months. Better grow only half a crop of cowpeas than run this risk. The acid phosphate will give you the phosphoric acid needed just as well as the bone, but it will De more completely used in one crop than would the phosphoric acid in the bone. In acid phosphate the phosphoric acid is immediately available. In bone it is only slowly available, and its benefit will be seen in sev- eral crops following the application. — Ed. COMMENTS ON OCTOBER PLANTER. Fertilizers. Editor Southern Planter: In regard to Mr. Marsh's article on manures in last month's Planter, I would suggest tnat one has to take into consideration not only the needs of his soil, but the special needs of the various crops. One who studies his soil as Dr. Stubbs has done, may find out that he needs but one of the mineral elements. Dr. Stubbs says that his soil needed phosphoric acid rather than potash, though I was made last month to say that ne found potash the one thing needed. But if Dr. Stubbs was growing tobacco or potatoes it might be that he would find potash needed for these crops.. Some of the best and most thoughtful farm- ers in Eastern North Carolina insist that phosphoric acid does no good on their lands, while potash is needed. And this is the difficulty with the ready-made fertil- izers. Thousands of tobacco growers are using every year the regular 3-8-3 goods for tobacco, not understanding that the percentage of phosphoric acid is entirely too large, while the percentage of potash is too small for their crop, and not stopping to inquire the source of the three per cent, of potash in the article, which is generally from the muriate, and hurtful to tobacco. But so long as farm- ers buy fertilizer by the brand name, and without any study of the needs of their soils or crops they will go on wasting money in what they need not buy, and depend- ing on fertilizers merely to get more sale crops. Corn Culture. Mr. Grizzard would hardly sever a hog's gullet to make him grow, and does he understand that the only part of the root of corn or any plant that is getting food from the soil is the small part out near the end of the root fibers that has root hairs on it, and that when these are cut off the root is perfectly useless to the plant till it can make new fibers and new root hairs? Corn may suffer on flat land that needs drainage when cultivated level, but the cure is in draining the land. With Mr. Grizzard's method there is too much human labor involved. Farmers complain of the scarcity of labor, and yet put one man to one mule, and go several times in a row, when one man with two mules to a riding cultivator could do the work faster than two men with the plows, and do it bet- ter. I have grown corn on as flat land as any in South- 1C60 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, anipton county, and never ridged it up with a plow in laying by, and grew heavier crops than my neighbors who did so. In fact, I have made over 100 bushels of corn per acre on land behind a big dyke to keep the salt water off, and I know that deep preparation and shallow culti- vation is beat even there. Mr. Grizzard says that the earth is thrown up to make a niulch. It is thrown up and dries out, while if it had been left level and the surface scratched, it would have held the moisture for the roots, and the feeding roots down the middles would not have been cut, and the corn starved. He says, make the siding shallow, but break the middles four inches deep. Does he realize that at that time the feeding roots have crossed each others rows, and running deep in the middles is cutting the roots of both rows? Turning Down Green Crops. Mr. Bailey wants a plow to turn down green crops. I do not, for I would never turn down a green crop in hoi weather for a sown crop, because of the serious danger of souring the soil. The only green crop I would turn under is crimson clover or rye, in the early spring, and for a hoed crop. While the Oliver plow is an excellent one for most purposes, it chokes worse than others in this use, and the Syracuse is much better. I have had little experience with disc plows, but I do not believe they will turn under a good growth. There is in use here for cutting sweet potato vines a revolving disc cut- ter, right in front of which is an iron bar sloping back- wards from the end of the beam to just in front of the disc. This presses the vines down and keeps them from riding up over the cutting disc. With something of this sort on the front of a plow beam I believe we could do away with the chain. Farm Papers. Mr. Carlton hits a point that has often occurred to me. How is it that farmers will take farm papers and still follow the old ruts till some one gets them to try a "demonstration." The demonstrations are all right, ex- cept that they seem to be demonstrating more how much fertilizer a man can use than anything else. But how is it that a farmer will take a paper and not profit at all by what he reads. That is what has always both- ered me. I get letters continually from farmers asking advice about matters that we have discussed over and over again in the papers they take and do not read. There is just the trouble: the paper is taken and thrown' aside and rarely read carefully, and suggestions that are made for one man, but which would equally suit another are not seen by the other man till some condition impels him to ask the same question that has already been an- swered. I thoroughly believe in heavy seeding of grass and clover. My neighbors used to laugh at me for sowing a peck of clover seed per acre, but my clover was always enough heavier than theirs to pay for the difference in seed many times over. Mr. Carlton's nine quarts of grass seed will answer very well where clover is also sown. Doddies. I hope that if the Doddies will give an abundance of milk for the calf that Mr. French will let it go at that, and not try to get them into that mythical class called "dual purpose," but raise them for what they are noted, the making of the finest beef in the world? A beef ani- mal bred into dairy type is to that extent a poorer beef animal. Doddies often top the beef market, duals never. Salt in Hay. I am glad that Editor Jackson sits down on the salt-in- hay business. I have never been able to understand why people want to put salt on the hay and keep it from drying out. Once when I was busy making ensilage, a farmer came up and said, "Ain't you going to put salt on that stuff" , I assured him that I was not. "It will certainly spoil if you don't." When I opened the silo for feeding he came, and was astonished that the green corn had not rotted. Salt would really have done less harm to the silage than to hay. Let the salt-in-hay go with the moon and sign farming. W. F. MAS SB Y. FERTILIZER PROBLEMS. Editor Southern Planter: Professor Massey, on page 871 of the October issue, takes me to task for the (according to his dictum) mis- take of recommending the purchase of nitrogen. In order to set myself fairly before your readers I will digress a little, and explain what I am trying to show. The purchase of fertility I regaru as a simple business proposition. When fertilizers are high and crop mar- kets low, so that the nitrogen, phosphorous and potas- sium in a bushel of corn costs more than the bushel of corn will sell for, as has been largely the case for the past few years I have always advised against the ap- plication of any fertilizer to the corn crop, but when fer- tilizers are cheap and corn is high, so that a farmer may buy the nitrogen, phosphorous and potash neces- sary to produce a bushel of corn, pay the cost of trans- portation and distribution, and the cost of marReting the additional yield, and still find the price of a bushel of corn in excess of the cost of production, it seems to me good business to increase the yield per acre as far as it can be done, while leaving a margin of profit. Now, in regard to the purchase of nitrogen, I take a similar view; first, produce all you can at home in man- ure and by the growth of legumes, then apply so much phosphorous and potassium as is necessary to balance the nitrogen on hand>, which will, generally speaking, be very Ittle, but as soon as you have reached this point, the purchase of additional phosphorous and potash is ab- solutely useless, unless you also purchase nitrogen in due proportion, as compared with the mineral elements required by the crop in question. What I protest against is the heavy application of phos- phoric acid far in excess of the possible requirements of the crop. Take the wheat crop, for example. Professor Massey, on page 127, of his invaluable publication "Crop Growing and Crop Feeding," which should be in every farmer's library, says: "An average good crop of wheat of twenty bushels per acre will remove from the soil in the grain alone — and this is all we need be concerned about, since the straw will go back on the land, 28.32 pounds of nitrogen, 10.68 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 7.32 pounds of potash. It will be seen that the relative importance of these food constituents is pretty much as they stand. But so far as nitrogen is corncerned, we will have enough left over in the organic matter of the 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1061 clover, and the manure applied to the corn crop in a three-year rotation to provide all the nitrogen the wheat will need." He then goes on to say that we must supply phosphoric acid enough to balance this nitrogen, and so far, I agree with him; but now, let us see how much it will take. We find that it will come out as follows: 1100 -h .14 = 79. So, if this acid rock is really an avail- able form of P2 05, seventy-nine pounds of it will pro- duce twenty bushels of wheat per acre, but if, on the con- trary the acid rock, after being applied to a soil contain- ing lime, and all productive soils contain some lime, re- verts to an Insoluble form by taking up an extra molecule of lime, and becoming a tri- or tetra-calcium instead of a mono- or di-calcium phosphate, why, then we must apply enough to use up all the available lime in the soil, and still have enough over to furnish the seventy- nine pounds for our wheat crop; and, right here is my objection to acid phosphate. If we apply it to soil full of lime it tends to revert and become insoluble; and if we apply it to soil containing little lime, it still seeks this base in the soil, and thereby neutralizes the little alkalinity we have. On our high, well drained lands, acid phosphate is a help in growing clover, but if we apply it year after year to our low grounds in the Tidewater section we will find that it becomes increasingly difficult to get stands of clover, and that finally it refuses to grow unless the land has an application of lime, and that will not always re- store its productiveness. So then, I maintain that if acid phosphate is an available source of phosphoric acid on your soil, you are safe in applying seventy-nine pounds per acre for land that with this help, produces twenty bushels of wheat, and that 158 pounds per acre should grow you forty bushels of wheat, and that in all cases where farmers apply 300 and 400 pounds per acre, they are either furnishing more phosphorous than is needed, or the phosphoric acid they apply is seeking bases in the soil that render it insoluble, in either of which cases they are making a mistake, for in the first instance, they had best work for some other source from which to derive their phosphoric acid; and, in the second, they had best stop applying phosphoric acid as soon as that ceases to be the controlling factor in the production of the crop, and apply a fertilizer so composed as to supply whatever is deficient in the soil. And that is the reason that l have taken the trouble to compile the figures necessary to get at the exact requirements of crop production accord- ing to analysis, and that is why I say that here in the Tidewater section farmers are not generally getting enough nitrogen from the growth of legumes to produce the maximum crops, with nothing but acid phosphate and Kainit, for they generally apply enough to grow them over a hundred bushels of grain per acre, were all they apply available, and were that the controlling factor in the production of the crop. If my readers will take the trouble to vist the Eastern Shore where over two million dollars a year are paid out dn two small counties for the potato crop, and which I regard as by far the most prosperous section of the State, and examine the analysis on the bags of fertilizer at any railroad station, he will find that these people who are practical and successful men are buying nitrogen in large quantities, that most of the goods are 6-7-5 or 6-7-6 or 7-7-7, and that nobody tries to produce any early potatoes with- out a fertilizer rich in nitrogen, and that the common demand is for 7 per cent. No man is more interested in scientific agriculture than I am, and no one more thor- oughly follows out the growth of legumes between each cereal, nor more painstakingly covers with sfable manure every acre he ever plants in corn, but I am not so immersed in my theory as to be blind to what is prac- tical, and when I see whole communities buying nitrogen to grow crops and making money in the transaction on one side of the bay, while on the other they are buying practically nothing but acid phosphate and kainit, and neither the farms nor farmers are growing much richer, why I conclude that my theories are wrong and I take a lesson from the practical man who is making a suc- cess of his business. PERC1VAL HICKS. Mathews Co., Va. THE PLOW PROBLEM. In our last issue Mr. E. M. Bailey, ofi Giles county, Va., raised the question as to the best plow to use for doing certain kinds of work. The effect of this has been to bring us letters from a number of subscribers and others on the subject. We herewith present a selection from this correspondence, which we think will be of help in deciding ap to the plow or plows to purchase. Editor Southern Planter: I see E. M. Bailey, of Giles county, inquires about the best plow to turn under green crops. I think all farmers are too backward in giving their neighbors the benefit of any information they may have gained by experimental work or otherwise. I will give, through your paper, my experience with a disc plow. I have turned under rag weed as high as my horses' backs and not one particle of the weed was to be seen behind the plow. I consider it the best plow that I have ever used in fallowing land. The only objection I have to it is that it pulls a team very hard. I also find that the ground is more easily prepared after a disc plow than any other. One man and three good sized horses will do more and better work -than two ordi- nary plowmen. As Mr. Bailey is from the adjoining county to this one, I should think he- could use the disc as well as I do. My land is also very rolling. I am glad to see the farmers of Virginia taking more interest in better farming. The farmers of tlhis section are just now showing -more interest in better farming than I have ever seen, and have at last gotten together and organized a Farmers' Association of Sonthwest Vir- ginia. J. R. K. B. Pulaski Co., Va. We commend J. R. K. B.'s remarks as to the duty of every farmer to help his fellow-farmer by giving his experience and the result of his experiments to the atten- tion of our readers. Let us hear from you so that w« may make The Planter a "clearing house" of practical agricultural information. We are glad to know of the organization of the Southwest Virginia farmers. Every 1062 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, section should follow this example. Organization means mutual help and the greatest good to) the members organ- ized.— Eld. Editor Southern Planter: I noticed Mr. Bailey's inquiry for a good plow to plow down green crops. I will give you my experience with the disc plow. It is the plow of all plows for sod land, plowing down pea vines, weeds, corn stalks, broom straw, wire grass, or any- thing else with ease to the man, or it can be done by a twelve-year-old boy or girl with ease and pleasure. You do not need to roll down anything ahead of it, as the disc plow will do all of that and do it better than anything else. You must not hook a pair of donkeys or goats to it and expect to do good work. It needs a pair of good mules or horses, or three of them, if you want to plow deep and do good work and not strain the horses too much. You can regulate (the disc to plow a furrow any width or any depth from one inch to twelve inches. I was plowing a piece of sod land near the roaJd some- time ago and one of my neighbors came along and stopped me for a talk. I got off my plow and started the mules on. They went to the other end of the land, which was about two hundred yards, and there a man at work turned them in on the other side and started them, and they came back and did as good work as if I had been with them. The disc plow is the best plow I ever saw to plow new land that is covered with weeds and brush, but it will take a young and active man to do that work, as the disc will throw you' as quick as a young mule when it strikes a stump or a root it cannot cut, though I have seen it cut a pine knot three inches through easier than any man could with a sharp axe. I notice Mr. Bailey said his land was hilly. I think if he will get the Chattanooga Reversible Disc he will do the work to perfection, and he will say as I do, it is the plow of all plows. W. H. WILSON. Norfolk Co., Va. Editor Southern Planter: In reply to your inquirer, Mr. E. M. Bailey, I will say that I have u-«d one of the Chattanooga Plow Company's disc plows and have found it good for turning under any kind of standing weeds or crop, also, for plowing hard ground. However, if a crop is lodged and matted on the land, this plow will not stay in the ground. I have used for one season Clark's Cutaway Harrow (double action) shown at top of page 1039 November Planter, and found the device most excellent, but the tool itself of too light construction for use in this section. Were I to buy another disc plow it would be Clark's Reversible Cutaway, as I am satisfied that the cutaway plow would work as much better than the solid disc plow as the cutaway harrow excells my old style disc harrow. Tensas Co., La. W. C. VAIL. Editor Southern Planter: We notice in the current issue of the Southern Planter an article by one of your subscribers telling his troubles in not being able to cover satisfactorily a rank growth of crimson clover or cowpeas with the ordinary hand plow. Inasmuch as he mentions a Syracuse plow as well as an Oliver as failing to do the work, we feel at liberty to make reply to his article through you. Before going into the matter in detail, we would say that we have at the present time an expert in the State of Virginia who is on his way still further South. If we can get hold of him in time to have him visit Mr. E. M. Bailey, of Giles county, we believe he can give him con- siderable information and assistance. If you will kin/dly furnish us Mr. Bailey's address, we will take steps imme- diately to have our expert call. Whether or not it results in any business to us, the principle thing is to straighten out the difficulty at that particular point. It is simply along the line we are pursuing of educating farmers when- ever the opportunity arises. (We sent Mr. Bailey's address, as requested. — Ed.) Going back to the subject, we would state that the greatest handicap to jgood work in the Southern States to-day is the almost universal use of small plows, which are incapable of properly covering the trash where it is very rank. The reason for this is apparent. The more abundant the growth to be covered, the more soil there should be to do it, the width of the furrow being very important. Where there is no attempt to plow wider thau eight or nine inches and four or five inches deep, there is not enough soil turned over to cover. With similar difficulties in the North and West to contend with, the trouble is easily overcome by using a plow of sufficient capacity. Our first and most important recommendation to the Southern farmers is that they use plows of greater capac- ity. Our second recommendation, which is nearly as important, is that they familiarize themselves with the use of a jointer. This attachment is entirely unknown to probably three-quarters of the Southern farmers, and of the remaining quarter, more than half cannot be made to believe in it. We have seen a plow of proper capacity even used in a field with a very rank growth of weeds without a jointer, which left a fringe of weeds between every furrow, and by the addition of merely a jointer working at the proper depth, every particle of trash was turned under. We do not say that simply a jointer will overcome Mr. Bailey's troubles, but we believe it will be a very great assistance to him in connection with the use of a plow of more capacity. We believe that you can render very valuable assistance to Southern farmers by advocating the use of a jointer at all times. If Mr. Bailey has no objection to the expense, and is willing to purchase a Sulky plow, we could guarantee to send him one that would do the work desired in a satis- factory manner. We ourselves make as good a disc sulky plow as there is on the market, but we would not recommend it for the work mentioned. A disc plow can only be satis- factory, in the first place, in ground entirely free from stones of any size. The second condition is that the ground be very hard or be loose and inclined to be sandy. If there is any sod, or the top soil is held together by tenacious roots or weeds, the work done by a disc plow will be entirely unsatisfactory. To sum up, the disc plow, to do nice work, requires 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER ioea either unusually hard and dry ground, or loose ground, and in either case free from stones and 1 without a sod covering. The reason that a disc plow will not do nice work in sod ground is that the furrow is cut entirely free, and the rotary motion of the disc gives it an irregu- lar fling. Sometimes the furrow will land in its proper ■place, but more often it is flung way over on to the unplowed ground, or back on the top of previous furrow. The work of after cultivation when a disc plow is used will be considerable. The Syracuse Plow Co. Editor Southern Planter: I have just read Mr. E. M. Bailey's desire for informa- tion as to a good 'plow to plow under green crops. I'll give him my experience, and I think it worth attention. I use a No. 463 steel beam Syracuse plow, with a B. F. Avery's moon rolling coulter and a chain sufficient long for the work I want done. I use No. 463, the next heavier is better, but 463 is heavy enough for ordinary sized horses for steady plowing. Now, with my outfit, I fear nothing in the shape of pea vines, clover or weeds, no matter how matted, tangled or high, and I'll not choke up once in five hundred yards. I can turn under weeds as high as my horses' backs> but I want the coulter and chain adjusted right. When I get through plowing you cannot tell what was there. Corn stalks go under, too, and you never see or hear from them again. The trouble Mr. Bailey is having will make a man say [anything but his prayers, and, to keep in good trim, he would have to go to a revival every ten days. I care no more for pea vines, clover, etc., than I used to for hen weed grass. I wish he could see a field I plowed this year, the first time in seven years (before I came here). The broom sedge was waist high and pines knee high. When I was through harrowing the field looked like it had been prepared for grass. I put this land in peas with acid phosphate, and the crop you ought to see. The moon coul- ter can be bought in Richmond. L. H. CARLTON. King and Queen Co., Va. pay shares or money rent, if the landlord is furnishing all supplies. With few exceptions, they do not receive from their ten- ants as much as they advance. Our most prosperous land owners in this country are those who own small farms and do not furnish homes and employment to negroes. On the other hand, our large land owners, who furnish homes and employment to those without are doing so, in a majority of cases, at a financial loss by allowing their tenants to get into slack business methods. We all know that as a race the negro is the best collec- tor on earth and they must be taught to pay their debts and conform to a contract or else the whites must enter into no contracts with them and seek other farm laborers. In our business relations we very properly draw no dis- tinction as to color, and the man who complies with his obligations is respected. and can at all times find a friend to aid him in time of need. It would be an incentive to the irresponsible, don't care kind of a person to know that he can only expect to receive a just compensation for his honest efforts. Our land owners must apply bet- ter business methods to their laborers or be not sur- prised when the tax collector advertises their land. Far better raise trees on your land than tenants at a loss. In my next I will endeavor to give some of the remedies for some of our ills. FARMER, Southampton Co., "Va, FARM LABOR IN EASTERN VIRGINIA. Editor Southern Planter: It has been said that "the negro farm laborer does not strike for higher wages as imported white laborers would be liable to do." Now, we land owners of Southampton county know from experience that as individuals they make bargains and enter into contracts and yet quit work at will without provocation. Often it is that after having "wintered" upon our farms, when balmy spring weather appears, they disregard their contracts and leave for the 'mills, factories and railways. We also know that KAFFIR CORN GROWING IN THE SOUTH. Editor Southern Planter: I desire to get in touch with men in Virginia "and Maryland, or even in States farther South, who are exten- sive growers of kaffir corn varieties, commonly called kaffir corn. There is a possibility of developing a con- siderable market for these goods in the Eastern United States. I am not yet entirely certain that they will be profitable seed crops in this section, but wish to secure the experience of men who have had them under culti- vation for several years. There is already a demand for the goods, which at present is supplied with seed shipped from the States of the plains region. I would be very glad to have you bring this matter to the attention of your readers. CARLETON R. BALL, Dept. of Agriculture, Agronomist in Charge of Washington, D. C. Sorghum Investigations. Carrots, turnips, parsnips, and cabbage are not injured by freezing, but are improved in flavor if allowed to freeze slightly. No house or other covering is required except that they be buried in a pit where the earth can come in direct contact with them. A heavy covering of earth is not essential, as freezing and thawing will not injure these vegetables provided they are in contact with the earth the more wages they get the more bad corn whiskey I when thawing. It is much easier to get at the vegetable they are going to drink and the fewer days they are (if the ground is not frozen hard; a covering of straw over going to work. Often is it the case that our land own- ers will advance from two to three hundred dollars per year to a ten dollar per month man and receive back only from one to two hundred dollars for the same. The term "tenant" implies that they are working another's land, and the difference in results is small, whether they the earth mound will guard against this. For cabbages, dig long ditches wide enough to take two rows of heads, or wider still where there is a large quan- tity to store. Pull up the heads and pile in the ditch with the stalks up. Cover with earth and round off the top of the mound. 1GG4 THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER [ December, Trucking, Garden and Orchard. "TRUCK GROWERS - MEETING AND THE VIRGINIA TRUCK EXPERIMENT STATION. Editor Southern Planter: The annual meeting of the Southern Produce Company, an association of some 350 truck growers, was held in the Eagle's- Hall, Norfolk, Va., October 28, 190'8. The regular order of business was dispensed with in order to, listen to addresses by Prof. Corbett, of the United States Department of Agriculture; Mr. G. W. Koiner, Commis- sioner of Agriculture of the State of Virginia, and Prof. T. C. Johnson, Superintendent of the Virginia Truck Ex- periment Station. Prof. Corbett discussed the importance of proper seed selection, and of co-operative methods in selling truck products. He cited numerous illustrations showing the very great importance of growing plants from seed true to name, and of the proper strain. The importance of strains adapted to local conditions was very strongly emphasized. The fact that a given variety of potatoes thus used is more productive in Maine than are others; or that certain strains of cabbage have advantages when grown in New York or Wisconsin, or that the Rocky Ford cantaloupe is well adapted to the high altitude and dry atmosphere of the Rocky Mountain Region, or that cer- tain varieties of tomatoes lead in the market gardens around Chicago is no indication whatever they will all reach an equally high state of perfection when grown under local soil and climatic conditions. The very fact that these plants lead in their respective localities is a strong indication that they are not best suited for this region. It was also pointed out that market gardeners and truck growers often lose a large per cent, of their crops because the seeds they planted are of inferior va- riety, or are not true to name. A truck grower cannot afford to assume the risk of planting inferior seed when he expects to spend from $100.00 to $200.00 per acre in growing and marketing the crop. The speaker urged the importance and advisability of the Association growing at least a large portion of the seeds used in this vicinity. This could be accomplished by having some of the seeds grown locally, and the others produced under contract in localities where the seed reaches its highest state of per- fection either at home or abroad. Co-operative selling was also emphasized. There is scarcely any other line of business in which men will invest all their capital and labor to produce a marketable commodity, and then consign this commodity to a non- interested party in a distant part of the country, and ask him to sell it, and return to the producer what he pleased. In other words, men engaged in practically all other lines of production insist on watching closely the sale of the product as well as the production. It was suggested that the Produce Association take up this phase of truck work as a special feature. Commissioner Koiner, in his remarks, gave special em- phasis to the methods practiced by the French market growers in selling their products in English and other markets. It is the custom of the produce growers to send a committee to Liverpool, London, and other large centers to watch the selling of their products. If the consignment of goods reaches a commission merchant in a damaged or unsalable condition, the committee and the commission merchant, together, determine what shall be done with the damaged articles, thus the growers as well as the commission men are represented in the deal. The advisability of the produce growers inaugurating some such scheme was strongly urged. Processor Johnson confined his remarks to the work of the Virginia Truck Experiment Station, and extended an invitation to the members of the Association to visit the station in a body. He pointed out the work of the sta- tion in controlling insects and fungous diseases, show- nig two instances where the values of crops had been doubled by proper applications of fungicides. The im- portance of crop rotation, fertilizers and forage crops was also emphasized. At the close of these remarks the Association adjourned to the Monticello Hotel, where a bountiful six-course dinner was enjoyed by 150 members. At the close of dinner the members of the Association took the trolley car to the Experiment Station. Represen- tatives of the station met the party at the trolley, and escorted them over the farm. The barn, packing sheds and implement room were the first places of interest in- spected. The party was conducted over the grounds and through the buildings in order to get a somewhat general idea of the nature and scope of the station work. Then the several points of interest were taken up more in detail. The sweet potato work was both interesting and instruct- ive. The station has growing a collection of about ninety different varieties: practically all the known American varieties of any importance, together with many of the sorts grown in foreign countries. Specimens of nearly a!l of the varieties were arranged in several closely re- lated groups thus greatly facilitating intelligent exami- nation. Both the good and bad points of the leading varieties were discussed. Some of the heaviest yields Were poor in cooking qualities, while others were lower in yield, but better for table use. Here were shown pota- toes varying in color from almost white to deep purple and red. One or two varieties of varying sizes, shapes and colors were certainly interesting to all sweet potato growers. The work on Irish potatoes was even more interesting in some respects than that on the sweet potatoes, sixty- three of the leading varieties having been under close study during the season. Seed for the first crop was planted in the early spring and the mature tubers har- vested the first week in July. From these tubers a sec- ond planting was made in order to determine the adapta- bility of the different varieties for second crop work in this locality. Some three or four* varieties showed a stand of from ninety-five to ninety-eight per cent., while others fell as low as three or four per cent. It was thus shown 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1065 plainly that many of the popular varieties are not adapted to second crop work, while others are. The station has inaugurated a series of fertilizer tests that are of extreme interest to the trackers. In plan- ning this work an attempt was made to use practically all the fertilizer ingredients known in the trucking sec tion. For instance it is desirable to know whether nit- rogen in the form of sulphate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, dried blood, or Peruvian guano is. preferable for certain truck crops, and also what amount of the different fer- tilizers may be used economically. The results of this work are interesting and instructive. It shows that much is yet to be learned in the practical application of fer- tilizers to truck crops, some combinations now in use being of very little value, while others are exceedingly profitable. A number of forage crops consisting of combinations of sorghum, Kaffir corn, cowpeas, soy beans, millet. New- man beans, and several other leguminous and non-legum- inous plants were grown as catch crops to be sown after winter cabbage is harvested. The tests show that cer- tain combinations of cow peas and mixed sorghum yielded as high as 10,700 pounds of cured forage per acre, while other combinations in which millet was substituted for the sorghum yielding as low as 2,400 pounds per acre. This forage crop work has proven exceedingly interest- ing especially to the dairyman. A high pressure spray pump, specially fitted for truck crop work was exhibited. This machine is arranged to spray four rows at once. ' The nozzles being so placed that the liquid strikes the plants from the side, thus wetting both the top and the bottom of the leaves. By use of this arrangement the station has almost com- pletely cleaned large cabbage plants of aphides and other injects. In order to accomplish this, however, the liquid was applied under a pressure of ninety to 100 pounds. The members of the party were very well pleased with the work accomplished by the station in the first year of its existence, and expressed high hopes of its future usefulness. These visits which bring the station and the farmer into close relationship are always desir- able. Personal touch counts for a great deal in advanc- ing agricultural work of any kind. "Visitors Welcome" is one of the fundamental principles of the management of the station. A MEMBER. ANNUAL MEETING CF VIRGINIA STATE HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY. Editor Southern Planter: The annual meeting of this Society will be held in the Y. M. C. A. Hall, and the fruit exhibit in the Masonic Temple, Lynchburg, on January 6th, 7th and 8th, next. The scope of the Society's work having been so much extended this year necessitates a three-days' meeting in- stead of only two, as in previous years. The three prin- ciple subjects for discussion are (1) Fruit Packing, reports of experience of the first year's working of the two Pack- ers' Associations, and plans for the future working on these lines. This guarantee of packing up to grade marked is the very best means of increasing the demand for our apples, and giving confidence to the buyers. The Society is fortunate in having secured the attendance of Hon. A. MioNeill, Chief of the Division of Fruit under the Canadian Government, who will give the experience of Canada on these lines, where it has been in practice for some time. (2) Adjustment of Express Rates, also a matter of vital •importance to our fruit growers. (3) The Future Policy of the Society, with regard to its more extended scope of work. In addition, we are going to have as one ot the features of the meeting an afternoon devoted to a Field Demonstration of Spraying in the city park, with explanations by competent demonstrators. Manufacturers of sipraying outfits are invited to show the workings of their machines, both hand and power. Three stereopticon lectures will be given, one at each night session. One of these will be on the best shade trees for street plant- ing, at the request of the Civic League. Another will- be a comparison of conditions existing in Pacific Coast orchards as compared with Virginia, with samples of the Pacific Coast apples and their manner of packing, to com- pare with Virginia apples. Addresses will be made on various' topics of horticultural interest by Hon. A. McNeill, Ottawa, Canada; Dr. M. B. Waite, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture; Hon. G. W. Koiner, Commissioner of Agriculture, Virginia; Dr. S. W. Fletcher, Director; Prof. H. L. Price, Dean, and Prof. J. L. Phillips, all of Blacksburg; Prof. H. E. Van Deman, the well-known hor- ticultural expert; Hon. Henry C. Stuart, S. B. Woods, Dr. Emerson, Mr. W. W. Siproul, H. C. Wysor, and others, ot Virginia; Mr. Wesley Webb, the well-known Secretary of the Peninsula Horticultural Society of Delaware, and pos- sibly- Colonel Brackett, of the United States Department of Agricultural, Washington, and Dr. S. A. Robinson and Prof. Alwood, of Albemarle Co., Va. That the Virginia fruit exhibited by the Society at the State Fairs in North and South Carolina was admired, the subjoined letter shows. The Society was most fortu- nate in the selection of their representative. Mr. H. C. Wysor, of Pulaski county, who installed the exhibit at the various Fairs, and lost no opportunity of praising his native State, a fine type of the Virginia gentleman, a practical apple grower, and possessing tact and humor, no man better fitted to fill the position could have been selected. A good premium list has been issued for the fruit exhibit to be held in conjunction with the annual meeting. Arrangements have been made with Prof. H. E. Van Deman to act as" judge of awards, a position he ably filled at the recent State Fair in Richmond. Admis- sion to all sessions (except that set apart for executive business) will be free to the public, who are cordially invited to attend. Special arrangements have been made for members of the Society at the leading hotels, and the Lynchburg Traction Co. will transfer the members to and from the City Park for the Field Demonstration free of charge. A strong local committee headed by Hon. George E. Murrell, President of the Society, will look after the entertainment of the visiting members. Crozet, Albemarle Co., Va, WALTER WHATELY, Secy. & Treas. State Horticultural Society. November 16, 1908. The following letter, received by Mr. Walter Whately, L066 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, of Crozet, speaks for itself. Several Albemarle county growers were represented by exhibits in this collection: N. C. State Fair, West Raleigh, N. C, Oct., 1908. Mr. Walter Whately, Secy., Va. State Horticultural Society, Crozet, Va. Dear Sir: — The Virginia fruit exhibit at our State Pair is indeed a very creditable one. 1 am very glad that you had this fruit sent down here, as it is helping out our exhibit wonderfully, and it is also an eye opener to many of our North Carolina farmers, showing them that excel- lent fruit can be grown in the mountains of the South. I hope that you will continue to make an exhibit here in future years. We shall do everything to help you in the matter and in the way of making arrangements, plac- ing fruit and showing it to the best aJdlvantage. This year we were hardly prepared for the exhibit, as I did not know what was coming until recently. Next year we shall have far more room and far better facili- ties for such an exhibit, and we would be glad indeed to see an exhibit from you again. I was very glad to meet Mr. Wysor, who is looking after your exhibit in fine shape. With best wishes, I am, Yours truly, F. C. REINER, Director Horticultural Exhibits of State Fair. This is indeed encouragement. — Ed. HOME-MADE SOLUBLE OILS FOR USE AGAINST SAN JOSE SCALE. Editor Southern Planter: The lime-sulphur preparation has many advantages over the prepared oils, by no means the least being its cheapness, the cost being about one-third. It also has the advantage in that it controls peach leaf curl, if applied before the touds swell in the spring,' and helps in a general way to clean up and improve the condition of the trees. It has yet to be proved that the oils do not act in the opposite way, and that repeated applications of oil would not he a serious detriment to the trees. Lime-sulphur Ts a little more trouble to prepare. If it is to be used in large quan- tity, a steam outfit may be desirable, though the method of cooking in kettles over an arch is very satisfactory. Both should, of course, be applied thoroughly, so as to coat every part of the tree. The accompanying cut shows an orchard well sprayed with lime-sulphur. If a long hose and rod are used in applying lime-sulphur, and care is taken in making the application, it is not necessarily such a disagreeable material to handle. A method of preparing oils at home is now coming into use, the product being known as the Home-Made Soluble Oils. These oils were tested by us last spring and proved to be just about as effective as the prepared oils and the cost is about one-third. We tested three formulae that dif- fer in the kinds of oil to be made soluble each being about equally effective if the same per cent, of oil is used. There is a slight difference in favor of formula No. Ill, in which paraffine oil is used, but the cost is also a little greater. Orchard tests of these oils prepared by formula No. Ill were made by W. J. Price, of this office, March 4, 1908, in the apple orchards of Melvin Green, located near Win- chester, Va. Two plots, each containing fifty six-year trees, were sprayed with this material at the rate of one part to twelve parts of water and one to fourteen parts of water, respectively. No injury was observed to any of the trees. Examina- tions August 30, 1908, indicated that 99 1-5 per cent, of the insects (San Jose scale) had been killed where the appli- cation was made at a strength of one to twelve of water. The results were not quite as good where it was used at one to fourteen, except on a tree where the application wad very thorough. ( Mr. Green used about four thousand gallons of this emulsion, diluted one to fourteen, the past spring, with fairly satisfactory results, but we cannot recommend its use weaker than one part to twelve parts of water. The method of preparation is a little more complicated than lime-sulphur, because of the fact that more materi- als enter into its composition, but the operation is not dif- ficult. There are three distinct processes in making this spray material: First, making the soap solution. Second, adding the required amount of oils and water to make the soluble oil. Third, diluting the soluble oil with water to make the emulsion ready for applying to the trees. No heat is needed except in making the soap solution, and in this the material is easier to handle than lime- ■siflphur, but it is easier to make up a small lot of lime- sulphur than of the oil. If some one will prepare the material for the entire neighborhood it can be used very 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1067 nicely on small orchards, as it will keep almost indefin- itely. It does not seem necessary to go into methods of prep- aration, since the report on this work is now in press, and can be obtained in a short time by addressing the State Entomologist, Blacksburg, Va. Trees infesteld! with San Jose scale should be sprayed each year during the dormant season. It is best to apply the spray in the fall, since the weather is usually more favorable at that time, and one is not so rushed with other work. J. L. PHILLIPS, Blacksburg, Va. State Entomologist. MARKET GARDENERS ORGANIZE. Editor Southern Planter: On the 30th of October, from one hundred and fifty to two hundred earnest men met in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, for the purpose of organizing a national associa- tion that will take to all the truckers, station investi- gators in horticulture and editors of journals engaged in the promotion of horticultural work. There were representative gardeners from Massachu- setts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, and the result was the organization of the "Association of Greenhouse Vegetable Growers and Market Gardeners of America," an ambitious title, and one which, it is hoped, will expand to gather in all the men North and South who are engaged in market gardening either out doors or under glass. As represent- ing the South, I felt that I was going into the "enemies country," but the men gathered there from the North gave earnest attention to what I had to say about the advan- tages of the South. The first morning session was spent in an interchange of views and the appointment of a committee on Consti- tution to report the following day. In the afternoon, under the guidance of one of the larger growers there, Mr. Reutneke, we all went in wagons and motor cars out into the market garden suburbs of Cleveland and examined place after place. We found growers there with acres under glass and all devoted to the growing of the Grand Rapids lettuce, and I saw at once there was here no com- petition with our North Carolina lettuce growers, for they could not sell that sort of lettuce in the Eastern markets if they grew it, for the markets of New York and Phila- delphia demand a heading lettuce, while the Western cities take the loose, curly Grand Rapids. In this I think they are right, for I grow it for my own use and prefer it to the head lettuce, for when slightly crowded the leaves blanch finely and are far more tender than those of the head lettuce. But in growing for market the gardener must grow what his market wants,, and the Eastern mar- kets want head lettuce, and the grower cannot afford to do missionary work and teach them better. But seeing acre after acre of lettuce in these green- houses, and hearing that at Ashtabula the culture was much larger, one wonders who will eat all the lettuce. I saw them cutting for market Grand Rapids lettuce from their greenhouses no larger than I have at home out doors, and I realized the advantage of a little more sunshine. In fact, it seemed to rnie at Cleveland, and it has seemed before at Chicago, that up there on the Lakes they do not know what sunshine is in late fall and winter. Look- ing out over the lake one does not see the sharp skyline we see on the Eastern seaside, but water anli 1 sky seem to .mingle into a smoky haze. If they can make money growing vegetables under glass in that murky winter climate, what could the growers i.i the upper South do with greenhouses in their abounding sunshine! Some day the truckers of Southeast Virginia and North Carolina will understand the advantage they have, and then there will be a real competition in winter products, with the advantage in favor of the Southern men. The organization of the Association was E. A. Dun- bar, of Ohio, President; S. J. Perry, of Michigan, Vice- President; S. W. Severance, of Kentucky, Secretary; S. B. Chester, of Ohio, Treasurer. Various directors were also chosen as an Executive Board, and a Vice-Fresident for each State. The Market Growers Journal of Louisville, Ky'., was chosen as the organ of the Association. As a member of the Executive Board and Vice-President for Maryland, I hope to get our truckers to take an interest in the new Association and add to it members from the trucking sections of the South. W. F. MASSEY. THE CURING AND THE MARKETING OF TOBACCO IN THE NORTHERN NECK OF VIRGINIA IN 1796. Editor Southern Planter: Isaac Weld, an Englishman, an exceptionally well in- formed and accurate observer, who made a tour of this country in 1795, 179G, and 1797, published at London in 1800 two volumes of American Notes. He was in the Northern Neck of Virginia the spring of 1796 and writes as follows of the method of handling tobacco there: "When arrived at maturity which is generally about the month of August, the plants are cut down, pegs are driven into the stems, and they are hung up in large houses, built for the purpose, to dry. If the weather is not favor- able for drying the leaves, fires are then lighted, and the smoke is suffered to circulate between the plants; this is also sometimes done to give the leaves a browner color than what they have naturally. After this they are tied up in bunches of six or seven leaves each, and thrown in heaps to sweat; then they are again dried. When suffi- . ciently cured, the bundles are packed, by means of presses, in hogsheads capable of containing eight hundred or one thousand pounds weight. The planters send the tobacco thus packed to the nearest shipping town, where before exportation, it is examined by an inspector appointed for the purpose, who gives a certificate to' warrant the ship- ping of it, if it is sound and merchantable, if not, he sends it back to the owner. The inspectors are all sworn, are paid by the State, and are not suffered to take any fees from any individual. Skilful merchants can accur- ately tell the quality of the tobacco from knowing the warehouse at which it has been inspected. Where the roads are good and dry, tobacco is sent to the warehouses in a singular manner. Two large pins of wood are driven into either end of the hogshead, by way of axies; a pair of shafts, made for the purpose, are attached to these, and the hogshead is thus drawn along by one or two horses; when this is done great care is I taken to have the hoops very strong. Prince Edward County, Va. ALFRED J. MORRISON. IOCS THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, Live Stock and Dairy. MAKING CHEAP PORK WITH GRAZING CROPS. (Continued from November issue.) Editor Southern Planter: A Review of the Experimental Data on Hog Grazing. A review of some of the more important investigations with regard to pasturing hogs will not be out of place, though, strange to say, this important subject has not received the attention which it merits. In certain experiments ma'de by the writer the yield of pork per acre from various crops was as follows - With winter oats sown early the previous fall, 643 pounds; with Whip- poorwill cowpeas, 562 pounds; with sorghum, 400 pounds, and with soy beans, 600 pounds. The hogs were con- > -r C3 Q CS ■ O) a p ■s2'3 o ■_ bo o o> U ah Gain ."4 1.21 1.22 1.30 430 3*5 400 376 Utah Utah Utah Wheat and Alfalfa..- Utah made a gain of .88 of a pound per head per day, which it is plain to see, would effect a considerable saving in the grain where a large number of hogs are handled. STATION. ♦But little more than maintained Rape and Adjuncts. In certain experiments made at the Virginia Station a year ago, it appeared that rape in a luxuriant condition was a maintenance ration for brood sows. At the Ala bama Station, where rape and corn-meal were fed, th? gain per head per day amounted to .56 of a pound, showing that cheap gains can be made from this com bination. In Wisconsin rape was fed with two parts of corn and one part of middlings, and a gain of 1.07 pounds made. Where the hogs were grazed on clover with the same grain ration a gain of one pound per head per day was made. At the same station hogs fed grain and mid- dlings malde a gain of .71 of a pound per head per day. Another lot similarly fed, but allowed to graze on rape. Rations Fed. Average Dai.y Gain Food eaten Per 100 los. gain. Virginia Rape* Alabama i urn Meal and Rape. Wisconsin Corn 2. -Middlings 1, Rape Wis-cunsin. V\ isconsin W iSLOi-sin. Corn 2 Middlings 1 Clover Ci rn Meal & Middlirgs equal pt- Corn Meal, Middlings and Rape.. .56 1.07 1 00 .71 .88 290 362 390 437 420 *Rut litt:e more ttjan maim aired. Peanuts and Chufas. At the Arkansas Station peanuts were grazed, and the daily gain was .57 of a pound on an estimated yield of ninety bushels per acre; on chufas the gain was .35 of a pound on an estimated yield of 184 bushels per acre; on corn, .81 of a pound. According to these figures an acre of peanuts would make 1,252 pound's of pork; an acre of chufas, 592 pounds; and an acre of corn, 436 pounds. At the Alabama Station peanuts with a half grain ration gave a daily gain of .50 pound per head per day; peanuts alone, .41 of a pound; chufas and a half grain ration, 1.46 pounds; and grain alone, 1.36 pound. • These figures all tend to show the importance of graz- ing crops, and the fact that they can be made to take the cured nuts can afford to utilize them for the pur- proper to say that the Arkansas figures on peanuts seem remarkably high, for an acre of alfalfa under most fav- orable conditions is only credited with producing 1,000 pounds of pork in the course of a year. Peanuts and chufas do not make a satisfactory quality of pork, but when a limited amount of corn or other flesh hardening grain is fed daily, a fine firm quality of pork is obtained at a low cost. Better results will follow where high grade animals are used. In the peanut region ft is doubt- ful if the farmer who can obtain seventy-five to 100 bush- els per acre, and from two to four cents per pound for the cured nuts c an afford to utilize them for the pur- pose of grazing hogs, even where he is curing fancy hams, but soy beans and cowpeas make excellent sub- stitutes, and, of course, the hogs will gain a good deal' on the nuts which are overlooked by the harvest hands. STATION. Rations Fed. 0> a br d be a; >> ■< d Q Arkansas Arkansas Peam ts Com Grain Raili n: < oin Meal 2, Cowpeas 1. .57 .:-<5 .n 1 50 .41 1252 592 436 188 Alabama rimia> y 2 Grain V a 'ion: Corn Mea 2 Cowpeas 1 1.46 1.36 — ** Sorghum and Miscellaneous Crops. Sorghum is probably a much over-estimated food for 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1069 grazing hogs, and, in the writer's judgment, cannot be utilized to much aid-vantage, and is not to be compared •to some other crops which might be grown with profit in its olace. The feeding value of corn when combined with cow- peas was brought out nicely in an experiment made in Alabama, where the grain alone made a daily gain of .36 of a pound; whereas, hogs on corn and cowpeas pasture gained .97 of a pound per head per day, or more than twice as much as on the corn alone. Thus, a good cow pea pasture would more than replace half the grain ordi- narily fed. Pumpkins and apples have not a very high feeding value for hogs, though the pumpkins are worth consid- erably more than the apples. As by-products going to waste on the farm they could be used to advantage, but they will not add much to the body weight of the ani- mals consuming them unless fed with a rich grain ration. There is often much inquiry as to the feeding value of various forms of roots, particularly sugar beets. These do not seem to be worth much as food for hogs. For Instance, at the Montana Station, where grain alone was fed, the gain was 1.20 pounds; with grain and roots, 1.26 pounds. In comparative trials to test the value of turnips, mangels, forage beets, etc., the gain in every in- stance was unider one pound. Like pumpkins and apples, roots may be occasionally utilized, but as a daily diet for hogs they do not possess a high feeding value, and their place could be taken to advantage by some other foodstuff. STATION. Ration Fed. Average Dally gain Food eaten per 100 lbs. gain. Sorghum: Corn Meal 2, Cowpeas 1 .71 .36 .97 328 586 307 Sweet and Irish Potatoes. Irish potatoes are sometimes utilized as food for hogs. When fed raw they are practically worthless; when cooked they make but little gain. Sweet potatoes are often re- commended as a food for hogs, but in experiments made in various States, they have not sustained the claims sometimes made for them by farmers. The only favor- able report on their use is from South Carolina, where it was estimated that 200 bushels of sweet potatoes would produce about 370' pounds of pork. In nearly all other instances the gain from their use was slight. It is quite clear that sweet potatoes will not prove profitable as a grazing crop for hogs, and should not be utilized. STATION. Ration Fed. > — Q 0>X2 * — -.' 0)0 C3 O *» br O 0} * a. Grain 1.20 1.26 1.00 .86 S3 7 426 Grain and Roots Cooked Iri^h Potatoes . Skim Milk and Meal... 289 3247 Sweet Potatoes Artichokes for the Winter. While artichokes are generally recommended as a food for hogs, comparatively little work has been done along this line. In tests made in Oregon it appears that arti- chokes would not maintain hogs alone, but where a small amount of shorts or corn meal was fed, a, fair gain might be expected. In other words, artichokes and 3.1 pounds of grain made a pound of gain where five pounds of grain would ordinarily be required. In experiments made in Canada, it was found that an acre of artichokes, when fed in conjunction with corn meal, barley, etc., would yield pork worth about $140.00 per acre. In experiments malde at the Missouri Station, one bushel of artichokes and three bushels of corn were found to be equal in feeding value to four bushels of corn, and as artichokes will yield anywhere from 400' to 800 bushels per acre, it is quite clear that this crop can be utilized to great advantage for the winter grazing of these animals. STATION. B tn' Ration Fed Oh" c a- fa a, Oregon ! Artichokes and Shorts .81 Canada Aitiehokes, Corn meal and mixed grain. 1.57 309 96 Dry Roughness in Winter Feeding. The question is often asked to what extent dry rough- ness in the form of protein hays may be fed to hogs. The answer is only in very moderate amounts. In ex- periments made by the writer, an attempt was made to use silage and chopped pea hay. The results were nega- tive. In elaborate experiments made to test the value of alfalfa hay, it was found that only about one pound of hay would be consumed for from eight to ten pounds of grain to advantage. Where hogs are confined on a single grain ration of a fattening and enervating nature like corn, a little finely chopped, or ground, hay will often prove palatable and acceptable, and will min- imize the cost of the ration to some extent. Whenever animals can be induced to eat a moderate amount of roughness, it will be an advantage, but a large amount cannot be fed with success, for the animals will not consume it. STATION. Kation Fed. D C BO ccj o c - — . O 0> fc. a. Grain and Alfalfa Hay 1.08 1.13 528 544 The foregoing presents a brief summary of the more important facts obtained with reference to the feeding anld grazing of hogs, and shows to the mind of the writer that where intelligence and care are exercised, grain may be made to go at least twice or three times as far as it ordinarily does; that after all, there are only a com- paratively few crops well suited for grazing by hogs, and these can be almost universally cultivated with success and with the greatest ease on the part of tne farmer. It is quite clear that with a rational system of hog pas- tures, that twice or three times as many animals could be maintained on the corn and grain raised as at the pres- ent time; and, of course, there are unlimited opportuni- ties for extending the cultivation of corn and other im- portant cereals. It is also well established that pork of 1070 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, the highest quality can be made on these grazing crops, and that dairy by-products are not essential in hog raising. Cotton Seed Meal and Firm Bacon. There are some other matters of more than passing importance to hog raisers. The large amount of cotton seed meal made in the South has led to many attempts to feed it to hogs. Practically all of these investiga- tions have been negative in their results. As much as one-fifth or one-tenth of the total meal ration may con- sist of cotton seed meal, but the amount indicated is so small as to have no appreciable effect on the cost of the ration. Furthermore, there is apparent danger of caus- ing death from feeding cotton seed meal to hogs under the most approved methods, though it seems that the small amounts mentioned above may. be fed for indefinite periods to animals on grazing crops. Other foodstuffs can be used to balance up the ration of corn with per- fect safety, and the cotton seed meal can be fed to such advantage to horses, mules, cattle and sheep that it is not necessary to incur any risk by feeding it to hogs. Cotton seed meal has one advantage which should not be overlooked, in that it seems to produce a harder, firmer bacon, which is a very important matter, as some other crops which are utilized largely for grazing, notably peanuts, make soft pork. Corn, as a rule, has been used to harden up the flesh, and has seemed to be very satis- factory up to the present time. In Canada, where export bacon of a high quality is made for the English market, barley has been used for the hardening process to great advantage, and as barley can be grown as a winter crop with success in the South, its cultivation might be prop- erly extended, and in the course of time it should be- come an important adjunct in feeding. Winter Maintenance and Finishing. In conclusion, it will be proper to call attention to some investigations made to ascertain the cost of fatten- ing hogs during the winter, for it will sometimes happen that they cannot be finished on grazing crops alone. As a rule, an attempt is made to fatten them on corn meal straight. This, as the following results will show, is a mistake. Five lots of hogs were fed as follows two winters ago, at the Virginia Station: Lot 1 receiving corn meal and water, gained .24 of a pound! per head per day; lot 2, corn meal, two parts, and middlings, one part, gained .67 of a pound; lot 3, corn meal, one part, and middlings, two parts, gained .86 of a pound; lot 4, corn meal, one part, and middlings, one part, gained 1.35 pounds; lot 5, shelled corn, one part, and mildkllings, one part, gained 1.26 pounds. From these results it is clearly evident that corn meal by itself is not a good fattening feed for hogs, much less satisfactory as a maintenance ration; but that when combined with middlings excellent results will be obtained, and it is economy to make the combination suggested. Corn and Dairy By-Products. In the following table is given a summary of some in- vestigations covering the value of corn and skim milk for fattening swine: RATION. « o. bo Corn meal and water ' 4.6 Corn meal, Skim milk I 2.1 Corn meal. Skim milk, chopjedpea hay I 2.9 . ' _,_; .e-i i— i ur factory at wholesale prices ou save two profits— the oubber's and dealer's. Write for our new il- lustrated catalogue and see for your- self just how much money yon can save. All our harness is guaranteed, and we leave you to be the judge. If yon'renot satisfied, money back. Every farmer should have our booklet. Write to-day and ask for catalogue O. THE KING HARNESS CO., 16 Lake St., Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y. U.S.W. FIELD and HOG FENCE Highest quality— superior lock— easily erected — strong — low priced. Write us, stating what you can use and we will name you special delivered price. HUMANE We make the largest line of poultry, _ lawn and field fencing in the country. RANGER REVOLVING UNION FENCE GOil Kansas'city, Missouri For a 22-inch Hob Fence; lGcfor 26-inch; lt)c for 31-inch; 22 l-2c '£__ for 3±-inch; 27c for a 47-inch Farm Fence. 50-inch Poultry Fence 37 c. Lowest prices ever made. Sold on 30 days trial. Catalog- free. Writeforittoday. KITSELMAN BROS., Box 14. MUNCIE, iSIB. fAl VFQ" 11186 Them Without Milk. v '■ rt ■ l - , v E "' 3 Booklet Free. S. T. Beveridge & Co, Richmond, Va. 1090 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, f; 5or«iS* Are you tired of mend- ing your roof? Genasco Ready Roofing is made of Trinidad Lake\ Asphalt and gives you long years of service. Doesn't dry-out, crack, pulverize, rot, nor rust. Saves you trouble, time, and money. A written guarantee with every roll, backed by a thirty-two million dollar company. Mineral or smooth surface. Ask any dealer, and stick for Genasco. Look for the trade-mark. Write for Book 62 and samples. THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in the world. PHILADELPHIA New York San Francisco Chicago The. FARMERS' GARDEN^ A Seed Drill and Wheel Hoe is in-i| dispensable — not only in a Tillage f garden but on largest farms. Farmers should grow all manner of vegetables and "live on the fat of the land." Should provide succulent roots for Cattle, Swine, Poultry, and save high m ^ ^fOuiv One of 1 priced feed stuff. Great j± ^^W Many labor saving tools _"tf^ S Hron AgeTooll of special value for the' home as wel 1 as the market gar- den. Send for free book. Free to Agents This Solely Tea Kettle. Just patented. Greatest kitchen utensil invented. Enor- mous 6eller. Kig profits. $10 a day sure. Costs no more than or- dinary kettle. Impossible to burn hands from steam. Contains no lid. Made of copper nickel plated. Wears forever. Just show to make sale Write for Free offer, illustrated book a.._ Selling Pointers to men and women agents, Act quick. Safety Tea Kettle Company, 33 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Michigan. Tell the advertiser where you saw his advertisement. California; Improved Methods of Making Wine. Bulletin 198. The Grape Leap-hop- per. California Experiment Station, Berke- ley, Cal. Circular 39. Instruc- tion in Practical Agriculture at the University Farm, Davis, Cal. Cornell Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. Bulletin 254. Drainage in New York. Bulletin 255. Bean Anthracnose. Colorado Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Col. Bulletin 131. Ar- senical Poisoning of Fruit Trees. Idaho Experiment Station, Moscow, Idaho. Bulletin 64. Planting Ap- ple Orchards in Idaho. Press Bulletin No. 15. Information Concerning Alaska Wheat. Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Topeka, Kan. Report for Quarter ending September, 1908. Profitable P'oultry. Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat- tan, Kan. Bulletin 155. Alfalfa. Press Bulletin lfi3 Hessian Fly. Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, La. Bulletin 108. A Pre- liminary Report on Some Diseases of Chickens. Bulletin 111. Rotation Experiments with Cotton, Corn, Cowpeas, and Oats! Maryland Experiment Station, Col- lege Park, Md. Bulletin 129. Si- los and Silage in Maryland. Bulletin 130. Nurseries and Nur- sery Inspection. Maryland State Horticultural Society, C. P. Close, Secy., College Park, Md. Public Meetings and Sched- ule of Premiums. Michigan Experiment Station, East Lansing, Mich. Bulletin 251. In- sects of 1907. Bulletin 252. Fertilizer Analyses. Michigan Experiment Station, East Lansing, Mich. Circular No. 3. Corn Selection, Storing, Curing and Testing for Seed. Minnesota Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn. Bulletin 111. Flour Bleaching. Press Bulletin, No. 32. Insects Af- fecting Wheat and other Grains in Minnesota, 1907-1908. Nebraska Experiment Station, Lincoln, Neb. Twenty-first Annual Report. North Carolina Experiment Station, West Raleigh, N. C. Bulletin 198. Handling and Marketing of Milk and Cream. New York Experiment Station, Gen- eva, N. Y. Bulletin 303. Inspec- tion of Feeding Stuffs. Pennsylvania Experiment Station, State College, Pa. Bulletin 87. Some Poultry Experiments. Purdue Experiment Station, Lafayette, Ind. Newspaper Bulletin 145. Re- sults of Variety Tests of Winter Wheat. Rhode Island Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I. Bulletin 128. A SHIP flE YOUR OLD METALS HIDE5 RUBBER SCRAP IRON Car Lots a Specialty 50,000 Hides Wanted Write for PriceB. Satisfaction Guaranteed No Commissions. Oheckb Sent Same Day Freight Bills Abb Marked Paid. Clarence Cosby, Established 1890. RICHHOND, VA Largest Dealer in Scrap Iron, Metals, Hides, Etc., in the South. REFERENCES: National Bank of Virgin > Bank of Richmond, Bradstreets and Dun 1908.] THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 1091 STO1 WE BOY WE ARE EXPORTERS. 5Tou don't experiment or donate a profit to a half-dozen middlemen when shipping to us. We pay the best prices for Mink, Lynx, Skunk, Coon, Otter, Pox, Mmskrnt and all other Raw Furs. We are an old and reliable house (Est. 1S72) in this, the largest, Quickest and l>est Raw Pur market in the V. S. or Canada. We remit promptly — positively free of any commission. S'EJIK'E' Write for our Fur price List, r F5L.& a i s o list of Traps and Trappers' supplies, tags, etc. ; also learn how you .■an pet. absolute'v FRER any one of our Five handsomely bound Trappers' guides. BtTY A BOSS FEED MILL of and save 1-3 of your grain. They will grind faster, pull lighter wear longer than any other mill manufactured. Sold on a guar- antee, 10 days trial, if not as represented the money refunded. A full line of sweep and Belt Mills. Write for circular and price-list before buying any other mill. Manufactured by J. C. WOODCOCK & CO., Litchfield, Ills. KKTAL, Complete Fireproof MOTHERS. Hatching and Brood- ing Plant for $7.80; two quarts of oil will hatch and brood the chicks. Our nest sys- tem is the latest dis- ' rovery. Full line of p ou 1 1 r y supplies. Lo-west prices. Fro* catalogue. Write to-day. CYCLE HATCHER CO., Bex 40», Elmlra, New York. Hatch Chfckeris By Steam ! PIANOS "Excelsior " "and " ^Yooden lien" Incubators hatch erery fertile egg. Kequire little attention ; solve problems of heat, moisture and -ventilation. Cata- logue free: GEO. II. STAHL, Box r $1,600,000 John B. Puree 11, President. Jno. M. Miller, Jr., Vice-Prea. Cashier. Chas. R. Burnett, Asst. Cashier. J. C. Joplln, Asst. Cashier. ABSOLUTELY SAFE d'/o BONDS We sell strictly safe OKLAHOMA School, County, Municipal and Street Improvement Bonds. We pay 4 per cent, on deposits. Guaranteed by STATE Laws of OK- LAHOMA, Cap., $200,000 Write for Bond Circular B 16. OKLAHOMA TRUST CO., Muskegee, Okla. FARMERS Insure Your Buildings, Live Stock, Produce, Etc, In Virginia Division FARMERS' MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION. Best security. Property insured, |500, (i00. Average cost per $1,04)0 per year, 15.00. Territory limited to coun- ties of Chesterfield, Amelia, Powhatan, Nottoway, Dinwiddle, Prince George, Surry, Charleb City, New Kent and James City. For plan and membership write to CHARLES N. FRIEND, General Agent, Chester, Va. Organized January 9, 1899. ABOUT PATENTS! ( LET US TELL YOU Full Information Without Charge. Our free books tell WHAT TO IN- VENT and HOW TO OBTAIN A PAT- ENT. Write for them. Send sketch for free opin- ion as to patentability. We advertise patents for sale free. Patent obtained or fee returned. Highest class of services. Ask for our references. WOODWARD & CHANDLEE, Registered Attorneys, 1237 F. Street, Washington, D. C. PATENTS m M%°lo Send sketch for free report as to patentability. Guide Book and What to Invent, with valuable list of inven- tions wanted sent free. One million dollars offered for one invention; $16,000 for others. Patents secured by us advertised free in World's Progress. Sample free. EVANS & WILKINS, 848 F Street, Washington, D. C. THI5 PIEATED PANAMA DRESS SKIRT WULTAIUWLD - FUUWiDIH - BUCK BLUE 8 BROWN OM 2HH.a THREE ilH. SILK FOlDS-AlWAtS SOU) <*1-i°» STATE SIZE 6 MAGAZINE YOU SAW THIS AD. IN, SB NT PREPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 4l 98 BfWWISWW THE GALLOWAY MANURE SPREADER. Many of our readers are familiar with the advertising of the William Galloway Co., in which it makes some very strong claims for its manure spreader. Having had a great deal of inquiry on the subject, we decided to investigate the matter at first hand. So wrote the company for a list of users that we might ask them what they thought of it, or to give their experience with it. The com- pany readily complied with our re- quest, and submitted a list of some thirty or forty names — all readers of the Southern Planter. We wrote them as follows: "We understand that you are using a Galloway Ma- nure Spreader. Would you mind tell- ing us just what you think of it? Does it come up to its makers' claims? Pretty nearly everybody answered, and their replies should certainly be exceedingly gratifying to the Gallo- way Company. It seems that all claims as to capacity, durability, lightness of draft and ease of opera- tion are amply justified. The wagon box feature seems to appeal to all. The fact that the spreader box can be attached to the running gear of any wagon, makes it possible for practically every farmer to own a spreader. The price is about fifty per cent, of most spreaders, and the work done, about 100 per cent, of any. We give below extracts from a few of the letters. Oconee Co., S. C, Nov. 11, 1908. I own a Galloway Manure Spread- er, and would not have invested in it had they not made such a liberal offer to show me that it would do exactly the same work that the best spreaders in the land would do. It is well made and practical, has no complicated machinery and no com- plicated price. It is well and aggres- sively advertised, and has a man of brains and actual field experience be- hind it, and is amply guaranteed. Tt needs nothing more nut for more farmers to give it a trial and see exactly for th^ms^lves. H. EUGENE FA NT. Mathews Co., Va., Nov. 5. -ISO'S. I have a Galloway Manure Spread- er which I purchased one year ago, and have used it for all kinds of ma- nure, and it is giving perfect satis- faction. T never have anv trouble with it, and T think the Galloway peo- ple are all right. GEO. G. HUNT. Scott Co., Va.. Nov. 4. 190S. I have used the Galloway Manure Spreader for two years. It is ahead of any spreader I have ever seen work, and Is Hsrht on a team. Tt is the best investment I ever made in a piece of machinery, as it gives per feet satisfaction. I am not afraid to recommend it to my neighbors or DO YOU HEAR WELL? The Stolz Electrophone — A New, Sci- entific and Practical Invention for Those Who Are Deaf or Partially Deaf — May Now be Tested In Your Own Home. Deaf or partially deaf people may now make a month's trial of the Stolz Electrophone at home. This is unusually important news for the deaf, for by this plan the final selec- tion of the one completely satisfac- tory hearing aid is made easy and in- expensive for everyone. This new in- vention (U. S. Patent No. 763,575) ren- ders unneces- sary such clumsy, un- sightly and frequently harmful dev- ices as trum- pets, horns, tubes, ear drums, fans, etc. It is a tiny electric telephone that fits on the ear, and which, the instant it is applied, mag- nifies the sound waves in such man- ner as to cause an astonishing in- crease in the clearness of all sounds. It overcomes the buzzing and roar- ing ear noises, and also so constantly and electrically exercises the vital parts of the ear, that, usually, the natural UNAIDED hearing itself 'is gradually restored. Proniinent Business Man's Opinion. Stolz Electrophone Co., Chicago. — I am pleased to say that the Electro- phone is very satisfactory. . Being small In size and great in hearing qualities makes it PREFERABLE TO ANY I HAVE TRIED, and I believe I have tried all of them. I can re- commend it to all persons ■who have defective hearing. — M. W. HOYT, Wholesale Grocer, Michigan Ave. and River St., Chicago. Write or call at our Chicago office for particulars of our personal home test offer and list of prominent en- dorsers who will answer inquiries. Physicians cordially invited to in- vestigate. Address or call (call if you can). STOLZ ELECTROPHONE CO., 1534 Stewart Building, Chicago. Branch Offices: Philadelphia Cincin- nati. Indianapolis. Los Angeles, Se- attle, Des Moines. Toronto. Foreign Office: 82-85 Fleet St., London, Eng. ^Feeds anc^ Fggdin^ AND The Southern Planter for only 93.IE, Including delivery of tho hook. This la Profoooor Henry** great work on Foods and Feodlnaj Btock and la tho rocognlmod standoff ovorywhoro. Bvory one with half dozen hoad of stock should novo It Southern Planter, Richmond, Va. Pleaat* Mention the Southern Planter 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1095 Send Your Order For SEEDS BULBS and POULTRY FOODS to DIGGS & BEADLES THE SEED MERCHANTS 1709 K. Franklin St. RICHMOND, VA. We are headquarters for su- perior Seeds of all kinds, also Poultry Foods and Supplies. Grit, Shells, Bone, etc. Write us for prices. Tour correspond- ence solicited. me earneau i»ib"> 1 podded pea known. Quality of the best. SEED BOOK FREE Our new Seed Book sent to anyone. Write to-day. J.J.I*. GRE60RT 8 SON M»R8LEHE»0, MASS. SEES* If yon would get the largest yield your ground will give, plant , Gregory's Seeds. Always sold under three warrants. Here's one of the specials we offer this year : EARLY MORN PEA^gSjjgL— the earliest, largest ^K 6E«BJH new mm mmm OWW «»F 1 MM H(M'f. Fine stock of plant* for fall «•• llvwry. 8«nd for dascriptlv* circnl*) of the W«rd. For othsr nursery pro- duct* ■end tt^r g*nwral i>rtc« list. rKKD SBOOSMITH. Hoy*, Pa, and Cheater, Va. Address either offt<:«. m , To prove tnat oujf Blizzard Melt Ever- .greens will grow in all parts "of thecountrv we offer to send , 6 Fine Spruces *4 to h ft. tall free to property owners. Whole- sale value and mailing expense over 30 cents. To help, send 5 cents or not as you please. A postal will biinsr the trees and our catalog containing many colored photo plates of our choice Blizzard Belt Fruits. Write today. The Gardner Nursery Co., Box 105, Osage, la. COW PEAS AND SOJA BEANS New crop for sale. Write for prices. HICKORY SEED COMPANY, Hickory, N. C. A Neat Binder for your back num- bers can be had for 30 cents. Address our Business Department. anybody that wants a good light draft spreader. H. L. ANDERSON. Halifax Co., N. C, Nov. 4, 1908. I am using a Galloway Manure Spreader, and it is satisfactory in every respect, having fulfilled every claims the manufacturers make for it. J. H. DURHAM. We have pleasure in publishing this notice, as it seems to be a case of well-earned praise. B. M. S. THE AMERICAN SQUADRON ABROAD. The departure of the United States fleet on a world-wide cruise to the nations of the earth was an occasion of no small importance to our coun- try. No such errand was ever under- taken by any nation before in the history of the world. It will undoubt- edly demonstrate to our neighbors what a world-power we are, besides tending to cement more closely than ever our ties of friendship and good- will with all peoples of the earth. This act may justly be regarded as a master-stroke of diplomacy. And what an experience it is for those of Uncle Sam's boys who were fortunate enough to make the voyage; Think what an education it is for them to come in contact with the peoples and customs of so many different countries; and think of the experi- ences which they necessarily must have before they get back. One curious incident has recently come to our notice by the receipt of a photograph from far-away New Zea- land. It pictures Admiral Sperry, commanding the American Squadron, upon his arrival at Auckland. There, amid the throng gathered to do him honor, he stands receiving this British dependency's welcome under a roof covered with Genasco Ready Roofing, that American product made by the Barber Asphalt Paving Co., Philadel- phia. It reminds us that the world Is not so large after all when we can travel to the antipodes and there find our old home-friends. The important fact which the Company emphasizes is the fitness of Genasco for use in pvery climate and every weather con- dition under the sun and the peculiar merit that this product of natural Trinidad Lake asphalt must have when it gains favor not only to so large an extent in our own country, but in the distant islands of the sea as well. Genasco does have exceptional mer- it because it neither rots, rusts, cracks nor breaks. It defies heat, cold, acids, alkalies and every weather condition which a roof is subject to, and con- tinues to sive lasting service in every quarter of the globe. Augusta Co., Va., Dec. 27 ,'08 The Southern Planter is valuable and interesting, and I must have it. L. A. ZIRKLE. PUBLIC SALE Real Estate and Personalty On December 19th, 1908, I will, as agent for the heirs at law of M. C. Thomas, deceased, proceed to sell at public auction, on the premises, at 10 o'clock A. M., that certain tract of land located four (4) miles east of Blacksburg, Virginia, on the waters of the North fork of Roa- noke River, containing 396.5 acres. The land will first be sold in four separate parcels containing 148%, 97, 100 and 51 acres, respectively, and will then be offered as a whole. The tract of land consists of about 100 acres river bottom land, the up- land being well set in blue grass, and the place is located within four (4) miles of stations on' two rail- roads. TERMS OF SALE: One-fourth (%) of the purchase money to be paid in cash; the balance in three equal anual installments, with in- terest from the day of sale, the de- ferred payments to be secured by a lien on the land sold. A copy of the map, showing the division according to which the sale will be made, can be seen by ap- plying to J. Walker Slusser, who lives on the premises, or any ad- ditional information desired can be obtained by applying to me. At the same time and place I will, as Administrator of M. C. Thomas, deceased, sell at public auction, the personal property on the place, con- sisting of live stock, farming im- plements, household furniture, etc. STANLEY W. MARTIN. Lynchburg, Va. Jl»«» Acre FARM [OR SALE. At a bargain, 3 1-2 miles from Haxt Station In Charlotte Co. Well located. convenient to schools, churches, mills, fund stores, well watered by spring* ind branches, land well adapted to to- bacco and all crops grown in this sec- tion. Only one new log cabin on the land; timber enough en the place to io necessary building. Price IS per acre '.lme given to suit purchaser. Wo M. W ATKINS, Saxe, Va. Special Attractions 1» LoudouFCountyr Va., Farms. I will show you any farm for »mi« i In the County FREE OF CHARGE. DeL. S. CRITTENUKN, Broker, Ash bom. Va. "In the Green Fields of Virginia/*' Homes (or all; health for all; hnpftfirewK* and Independence (or i»U, .All »»»«-» «>C Farms at corresponding prlcect, but ALL, reasonable. MACON & CO.. ORANGE. VA. STRAWBERRY PXt*.NT<. Send $2 for 1000 plants — Excelsior; Lady Thompson, Aroma, Klondyke. Gandy, etc. — first class stock, true to name. 5,000 enough fo* 1 acre, only $8. Cat. free. JNO. LIGHTFOOT, Dept. 7. Bast Chat- tanooga, Tenn. 1096 THE SOTJTHEKN PLANTER [December, STOCK FARMS A FINE FRUIT FARM. 97 acres of mountain land, very fer- tile 8 miles from railroad station; about two acres (winter apples), six room house, abundant shade, garden and small fruits, barn 25 by 30, crib, hen house, all in good condition. $25. PER ACRE 739 Acres — two and one-half miles to /ailroad station. 125 acres in oak timber — balance in grass and under cultivation. Clay soil, fencing good, two large barns good as new, all out- buildings, new 8-room house, abund- ant shade and nice lawn, two tenant houses. Well at house, also one at each barn, running streams of moun- tain water in every field, grows from 50 to 60 bu. corn per acre, 17 to 22 bu. wheat, and graze from 100 to 150 head export cattle annually. $25 PER ACRE. 134 acres — 34 acres in timber, bal- ance in grass and under cultivation, \y 2 miles to railroad station on ,two public roads, land gently rolling, soil red clay with stiff clay sub-soil, seven- room house, two barns and all out- buildings all in good condition, well watered, well at house, also one at barns, running stream of lasting water orchard of about 3 acres consisting of apple, peach trees and small fruits. GEO. W. SUMMERS, Sterling, Va. FARMS For Sale. If you want a farm to «■*■,,« grasf, grain, stock, fruit or tobacca, buy fram us. Chocolate aoll with red BUbaoll. Address W. W. BARNES A CO., S.ASD AND TIMBER AGHNTSS, Amelia Courthouse, Va. irginia Farms Handsome Country Homes and Hlgh- Grade Farm Lands a Specialty. J. E. WHITE, "THE LAND MAN," Charlottesville, Va. 130 ACRE FARM For Sale 8 miles from Richmond, 1 mile from depot on steam and electric railroad. Good dairy and truck farm, about 70 acres cleared, rest in timber. Cannery on next farm. For particulars address, R. E. BUTLER, Drewry's Bluff, Virginia. Please mention The Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1097 Attention HOMESEBKBRS AND INVESTORS. I sell and exchange Virginia Real Estate of all classes, such as Grain, Dairy, Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry and Bluegrass Farms, Village Homes and Business Places of all classes. The reason I make a specialty of the two suburban counties — Loudoun and Fair- fax — they offer the homeseekers more advantages combined than any country known to me. This fine portion of Virginia, extending from the national capital to the top of the Blue Ridge Mountains, is not only beautiful and healthy, but is very accessible to Wash ington and Alexandria cities by rail and pike, which gives all producers a fine home market. My facilities for locating you in this section of Virginia are second to none. State what kind of property would In- terest you. I have a large number and great variety of properties, and can very likely suit you. New catalogue and map mailed free on request. W. H. TAYLOR, Herndon, Va. 229A. — 1% mile from R. R. Sta. $3,500. Running water, county road front and other attractions. MO A. — large orchard, barns, dwell- ing, farm fenced into fields and other improvements. Land In high state of cultivation — Price $4,000. 82 A. — near electric line, necessary buildings, running water, fine truck and poultry farm — $2,600. 488 A. — Valuable river farm — 2 ml. from R. R. station. — $7,320. Write for complete list. FRANK H. COX, Resident Agent. Ashland, Va MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA fARMS NEAR WASHINGTON. Onsurpass'ed as money-makers; best place on earth for farmers, dairymen, stockmen or poultry men; mild climate, seat markets In country; highest prices; no such word as "Fail" for in- dustrious man. Big bargains here now. 8,600 places to select from. Catalogue free. THE SOULE CO., Washington, D. C. Largest Farm Dealer* In the Sooth. Old Virginia Farms. Climate and ProductlTenesa unex- celled. Largest sale list In Stats. For full particulars and Free Cata- logue address CASSBLMAN * OOMPAJTY, RICHMOND, VA. REAL ESTATE FOR SALS. From the Mountains to the Ocean. Catalogue free. Loans made on farms. Established 1875. GEO. E. CRAWFORD A CO., 1009 E. Main Street., RICHMOND, VA. Branch, Norfolk, Va. the bill introduced in Congress by Hon. C. R. Davis, of Minnesota, to in- augurate in secondary schools of the several States the industrial education first established by the Congression- al land grant, act of 1862, which re- sulted in the founding of our State colleges of agriculture, mechanic, arts and domestic science. "That the secretary of this Con- gress be instructed to correspond with all other important farming and educational organizations and with associations concerned with home economics, urging such organizations to join with the Farmers' National Congress in securing for this bill the friendly and active support of every member of Congress in order that we may thus bring this much needed form of industrial education close to the homes of the farmers and other industrial classes in every State." Other resolutions were adopted, in- cluding one commending the work of Legislative Agent John M. Stahl, of W. L. Ames, and resolutions of con- dolence in respect to departed mem- bers. Among them was a resolution in praise of Madison to the effect: "That the most hearty and sincere thanks of the Farmers' National Con- gress are due to all who have in any way contributed to making its 1908 session, held at Madison, Wis., a rec- ord breaker in attendance and inter- est. We are under deep obligations to Mayor Schubert, ex-Mayor Groves and the people of Madison for their hospitable and courteous treatment. We are especially indebted to Presi- dent C. R. Van Hise and the agricul- tural faculty of the University of Wis- consin, notable Dean Russell, Profes- sor R. A. Moore, A. S. Alexander and A. R. Whitson, for their efforts to make our visit enjoyable and profit- able, and for the places which they have taken on our program. "Our thanks are also due to the speakers who have honored us with their words of instruction, to the newspapers who have so faithfully reported our meetings, to the Wo- man's Club for its social functions, to our wives and daughters." BOG SPAVIN. Charles E. West, Gotebo, Okla., writes, November 15, 1907: "I am in receipt of your letter of recent date. I purchased your Absorbine from the •druggist and applied it according to directions as given for Bog Spavin and had grand success One bottle was enough to do the work. Absorbine penetrates to the seat of trouble promptly and effectually, with- out blistering or removing the hair. Does not require the horse to be laid up. Mild in its action, but positive in its results. It will give you satis- faction. $2.00 a bottle at druggists. Manufactured by W. F. Young P. D. F., 109 Monmouth Street, Springfield, Mass. RARE BARGAINS IN Northern VirginiaFarms A Few Specimens: No. 162. Contains 280 acres — 80 acres in timber, balance cleared. This land is a splendid quality of grass, hay and corn land. It is smooth and level. Fronts on a good level road ZYz miles from station. Farm Is very well fenced and watered by streams with a good well at the house. About one acre in orchard, apples and peaches. Buildings: A new six-room house, barn 30x40 for horses and cows, corn crib and hen house. 75 acres of this land is in meadow. This a bargain for a progressive man. Price $5,000. No. 172. Contains 315 acres — 40 acres in oak and hickory timber; 5 miles from station, situated near the village; considered one of the best wheat and grain farms in Fairfax County. The land is a little rolling; machinery can be run all over it. The land is all In good state of cutivation; well fenced and watered by springs and running streams. Improvements are a good 7- room house with elegant shade, good stable and all out-houses In good re- pair. Price $20 per acre. No. 176. Contains 346 acres, about 70 acres in timber, mostly oak and hick- ory, situated 1 mile from store, school church, shops, etc.; 6 miles from R. R. station. This land is a little rolling and is a fine quality of chocolate clay soil, excellent for grass and grain of all kinds. Good orchard of about 200 apple trees. Farm is well fenced and watered by never failing streams. Spring in every field. Improvements: A good 2% story dwelling with 8 large rooms, 4 attic rooms, basement, barn. 40x70, in good repair, other out-build- ings, all in good condition; farm is lo- cated on good road, and about $10,000 is subscribed to macadamize this road to the railroad station. Price per acre. $30.00. No. 193. Contains 156 acres, smooth land, chocolate clay soil, with good stiff clay subsoil, just rolling enough to drain well, 30 acres in good timber, balance cleared, watered by running stream, very well fenced. In good neighborhood located 7 miles from railroad station, in Loudoun county, sufficient fruit of all kinds for family use, 5-room house in fair repair, other small outhouses in good repair. Price $3,000.00. No. 194. Contains 175 acres, 25 acres in good timber, balance is cleared, 9 acres in orchard in full bearing, good six-room house, old barn, good gran- ary, hen houses, dwelling in a grand oak shaded lawn, spring at house, farm watered by streams and springs, situated on good pike. One hour's drive from Leesburg, Va. Owner is anx- ious to sell. Price $3,500.00. Send for my Complete List, Wm. Eads Miller, HERND0N, VA. 1098 THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER [December, VIRGINIA FARMS $8 per Acre and up with improvements. Good productive soil, abundant ■water supply and best climate on earth. Near rail- road and good markets with best church, sciool and social advantages. For list of farms, excursion rate» and our beautiful pamphlet showing what others have accomplished, write to-day to P. H. LA BAUME, Agrl. and Indl. Agt., Norfolk & Western Ry., Box 500 , Eoaaoke. Va. "iQirniuia arid ., 11>S 5 lbs, 25c; mail 60c; IS lbs. If you could put a lot of heavy fowls in A-l market condition and "finish" them just when scarcity makes high prices, you'd consider it good business, wouldn't you? That kind of thing' is done by hosts of farmers and poultrymen who have no better birds and no more fattening foods, than you or any one else. It isn't so much what a fowl eats as what a fowl digests that does the business. These men "skim the cream" because they give their fowls a regular daily portion of Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a once a day. That is the secret, and you can get just as good results as they if you follow their way. Poultry PAN-A- makes a fowl thrive because it contains tonic properties which are a most positive aid to the digestive organs and it cures gapes, cholera, roup, and the like. It causes the greatest possible assimilation of nutrition, hence, the (nvatrst possible crowtli Poultry Pan-a-ce-a is "The Or. Hess Idea." He believed that good digestion was the foundation of all success in feeding. That it was possible to aid digestion and thus reduce food waste. Poultry Pan-a-ce-a does this verv thinir Hens that receive a little of it daily are always laying eggs and always healthy. Little chicks grow fast and escape most chicken ills if it s given to them ; and when moulting time comeB, Poultry Pan-a-ce-a strengthens all fowls to pass this trying time safely. Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a makes good blood and car- ries dead poisonous matter out of the system. It is endorsed by leading poultry associations and sold on a written guarantee. A penny's worth is enough for 30 hens one day. or express 40c. Except in Canada DR. HESS & CLARK $1.25; 35 lb. pail $2.50 and Extreme West and South. Ashland. Ohio. Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48- page Poultry Book, Free DB HESS STOCKED Every time a steer, cow, horse or hog, gets a little of Dr. Hess Stock Food in its grain ration, the animal is made stronger to digest and use its food. This is "The Dr. Hess Idea" and the true theory of feeding— make the maximum amount of ration digest and assimilate and gain will be rapid and steady. Dr. Hess Stock Food is composed of beneficial elements — iron for the blood, bitter tonics and cleansing nitrates. It increases milk, hurries fatting and gives good health to all domestic animals. Promoting stock health and condition is also a profitable feature of feeding Dr. Hess Stock Food. Sold on a written guarantee. 100 lbs. $5.00; 25 lb. pall $1.60. Except in Canada and Extreme West and South. Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess Stock Book, Free. Smaller quantities at a slight advance. INSTANT LOUSE KILLER MILLS LICE KNEW WHEN HE WAS HAPPY. The soul of an editor who had died of starvation was being conducted to the Elysian fields. As they passed the portals of the infernal regions, he asked his guide if he might not go in and look around. The guide consented, but warned him not to stay but a few minutes, as he could not wait long. A long time passed, and the editor had not returned; so the guiding an- gel went in search of him. He found him before a cage in which a num- ber of doomed wretches were being toasted on red-hot 'griddles. Over the cage was the sign "Delinquent Sub- scribers." "Come," said the guide; "we must be going." "Don't wait for me," replied the editor. "I'm not coming. This is heaven enough for meT" — November Lippincott's. Rockingham Co., Va., Aug. 3, '08. The Southern Planter is still ahead of all other agricultural jour- nals. JOHN I. WOOD. Brompton Stock Farm. We offer for December delivery several Young Jersey Bulls and two Guern- sey Bulls, six and twelve months old, Jersey yearling heifers in calf, and, a lot of high grade Jersey and Guernsey heifers, one and two years old. Brown Chinese Geese, Toulouse Geese, Bronze Turkeys, Muscovy Ducks and Plymouth Rock fowls. Also Collie and Fox Terrier puppies. M. B. ROWE & CO, Fredericksburg, Va. JERSEY CATTLE. Hlgb-bred Cows Freak to Pall. Heifers Bred to Calve* In Spring. Bull*— 'All Age« — A Few Ready for Service. BERKSHIRES. All Ages and of Excellent Breeding;. Get my prices before placing your order. EVERGREEN FARMS, W. B. Gates, Proprietor, RICE DEPOT, VA. 1108 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER Ft. Lewis Stock Farm THE BEST PLACE FOR BLOOD AND REGISTERED BERKSHIRES White Leghorn, all breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black Minorca and Rhode Island Red Fowls. Esse from these pure-blooded birds for sale. DR. W. U NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM, VA. [December, HELPS FOR THE POULTRY INDUSTRY. The incubator has doubtless done more for the poultry industry than has any other singe factor. "Raising chickens" was of little importance be- fore this machine was invented, sim- ply because "hen-hatched" chickens could not be matured early enough in the season to sell at a profit. How- ever, the incubator now makes it pos- sible for chicks to be well matured by the time most hens begin to show signs of broodiness. Thus incubators have come into common use, and some few makes have established their right to the confidence of the public. Prominent in this class stand .the "Excelsior" ro) and "Wooden Hen," the former having been one of the earliest of the artificial hatching machines put on the market. Both types are built upon practical lines, and have won the approval of thousands of poultrymen everywhere. They are made in sizes varying from fifty to six hundred eggs, thus adapt- ing themselves to poultry plants great and small. In "Excelsior" and "Wooden Hen" Incubators the principles of heat, moisture and ventilation, so vital to the development of healthy chicks, have been perfectly worked out. Reg- ulation of the heat, which may be sup- plied by kerosene, gas or electricity, is practically automatic, reducing to almost nothing the attention required to keep the machine going. "Excelsior" and "Wooden Hen" In- cubators and Brooders are illustrated and described in attractive catalogues and literature issued by the manufac- turer, George H. Stahl, Box 76-B, Quincy. 111., who will gladly mail same to any address upon request. FOR 8 ALBS I THE COOK FARMS. J. T. Cook & Co., Lexington, Ky., the well-known Jack breeders, advise us that their winnings at the various Fairs this year are greater than ever. This means a great deal, of course, as they have always gotten their share. Only once in seven years have they lost the premium in the herd ring at the Kentucky and Tennessee Fairs. BERKSHIRE (JILTS and BOARS. WELL DEVELOPED JERSEY BULL CALVES CORRECT DAIRY TYPE. GREAT PRODUCING ANCESTORS. Forest Home Farm, pu ^ n v , i a LU5, DUROCS SHORTHORNS POLLED DURHAMS SHROPSHIRES THE DTJROC is the most prolific hog on earth. The large fairs of the West prove that they are the most popular hog of that section. The demand for them in the South shows conclusively that they are the coming hog of the South. "We have the largest herd in the East and one of the most fashion- ably bred herds in the world. Our herd averaged over eleven pigs to the litter this year. Send for printed catalogue if you are interested in hogs. Boars, Sows in pig, Shotes and Fall Pigs for sale — two hundred in all. Send for "Dnroc Facts." , Shorthorn Cows, Heifers and bulls, dual purpose, pure Scotch and Scotch topped, at prices that will make you buy. Shropshire Rams and Ewes, Yearlings and Lambs. LESLIE D. KLINE, Vanclnse, Va. Glenburn Berkshires. Lord Premier and Premier Longfellow are dead, but we have their best sons. Our LORD PREMIER III is not only a son of Lord Premier, but is a litter mate to Lord Premier II. and a brother in blood to Lord Prem- ier's Rival. Our PREDOMINANT and DOMINANT are probably the best sons of Premier Longfellow. IMP. ROYAL HUNTER Is a great indi- vidual. We have Lord Premier, Premier, Longfellow, Masterpiece, Cham- br*s Duke XXIII., and fine imported sows. FORFARSHIRE GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS. Write for Catalogue. Dr. J. D. KIRK, Roanoke. Va. IF YOU WANT THE BEST HOG Buy from those who glvu their sole attention to the production of the greatest Berkshire Type. — ■ — WE DO. Our herd comprises the most splendid lines of breeding; and Individual* that money can bay or experience develop In American and English Bred Berkshires. "LORD PREMIER OF THE BLUB RIDGE," 103555, the greatest Uvtns boar, heads our herd. If yon are Interested -write. THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, ASHEVILLB, N. O. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1109 Hygeia Herd Pure-Bred Holstein-Friesians. The herd offers a few more well bred bulls and bull calves from large milk and butter producing dams and sired by Pontiac Calypso's Son, No. 39469. The dam of this richly bred young sire, Pontiac Calypso, No. 61,100, has an official record of 28.43 pounds of butter in 7 days, with a milk record of 560.3 pounds, or an average of nearly 10 gallons per day for 7 days. His sire's dam, Beryl Wayne, No. 32,496, produced 27.87 pounds of butter in 7 days. The breed not only holds the milk, but also the butter records of the world, It pays to get the best blood to head your herd, therefore write for pedigrees and prices. No females offered for sale at the present time, as the herd will be numerically increased as rapidly as possible. HYGEIA HERD. W. Fltzhugh Carter M. D., Owner, Crozet Albemarle County, Virginia. Address: W. F. Carter, Jr., Agent. HOW I MET GEN 1 . SAM HOUSTON. In early December, 1859, I left Bal- timore in the pursuit of my profession as a civil engineer to take part in the construction of railroads just be- ginning in Texas. The journey from Baltimore to Austin was then a mat- ter of weeks instead of days as at present. A journey with many chang- es by rail brought me to Memphis, then a week's leisurely journey on one of the fine packet steamers then plying on the Mississippi, loading cotton, brought me from the snow and ice of the North to the balmy sunshine at New Orleans. On a bright sunny day I stood on the wharf at Berwick's Bay on Bayou Atchafalaya, where the Vera Cruz steamer, Orizaba, was to take us to Galveston. A tall gentleman in clerical attire was there introduced to me as Bish- op Gregg, the newly elected Bishop of Texas for the Protestant Episcopal Church there, and he seemed to take a great interest in the young ' man who was to be a traveling companion all the way to Austin. It was a bright Sunday morning when we arrived at Galveston. There was then no rail- road connection northward from Gal- veston, and we had to wait till Mon- day afternoon for a steamer for Hous- ton, so that I had the pleasure to hear the first sermon preached by Bishop Gregg in his new Diocese. Our steamer to Houston was the regular flat bottomed Mississippi river type, but even such a boat stir- red up the mud in the shallow wa- ters of Galveston Bay and it was night by the time we entered the tortuous stream known as Buffalo Bayou, and it was a slow passage for our big steamer up the narrow stream, where the trees almost met overhead, so that it was morning when we reached Houston. There we found the terminus of the then only railroad in Texas, run- ning out to Hemstead on the edge of the Brazos bottoms seventy miles, from which point we took a stage drawn by six horses, and had to pay ten cents per mile for our passage and were allowed forty pounds of baggage, while my trunk, with in- THE HOLLINS HERD —OF— HIGH-CLASS HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS. A working herd — working every day In the year. This herd of 22 head, of which 14 head are heifers with 1st or 2d calf, milked from the 1st of Oct., 1907, to the 1st of Oct., 1908; 195,941 IiBS. OF MILK; An Average of 8,906 lbs per cow per year. YOUNG REGISTERED BULLS FOR SALE. JOS. A. TURNER, General Manager, Holllna Institute, Holling, V«. Wkk THE GROVE B'ARM. HOLSTEIN FRIESIANS BERKSHIRES HACKNEYS Write me your wants. T. O. SANDY, Burkcville, Va. N. & W. and Southern Railways. j BILTMORE FARMS, biltmqre,n.c. I f BerKshires==Jerseys==Poultry J ■ Titers is — mmmn » ONLY ONE WAY to find out about the Good Things We are f Offering, and that is to Write To-Day. We Can't Tell It ail In This Advertisement. BUT We have a Bunch of Literature which we will send free upon request, which Wells All About It. (Address BILTMORE FARMS, R. F. D. No. 2. BILTMORE, N. C. f Ask for special price on our entire loft of pigeons and loft fittings. TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 1310 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, ROSE DALE HERD ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE We offer to the farmers and breeders «f the Bast strictly eholoe Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. Many of them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Mas- ter II. of Meadow Breok; Oay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskle IV., Black Abbott, Abbottaford, Coquette X., Etc, They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. Come and see them or write us your wants. Prices right, vTe can please you. Angus Cattle are our specialty. We raise ne other stock, but give them our undivided personal attention. To avoid Inbreeding we offer an exceptionally good herd bull. Write for particulars. Address SOSEDALE STOCK FARMS, JEFFERSONT0N, VA. struments and books, weighed near- ly 200. But after settling for the ex- cess, and seeing the stage piled high with baggage, we were told that the passeri? n-H would have to walk sev- eral miles to the other side of the Brazos, since the team could barely haul the stage and baggage through the deep mud of the bottoms. It was the first time I ever paid ten cents per mile for the privilege of walk- ing. Crossing the river, we soon came up from the low "hog-wallow" prairie to the rolling uplands at Chap- el Hill. Bishop Gregg, however, was a very agreeable traveling compan- ion, a splendid conversationalist, and, as day after day passed and night after night for we were from Tues- day afternoon till Friday morning go- ing from Hemstead to Austin, and slept on the stage, the time passed in a very agreeable manner. Wishing to see as much as possi- ble of the country, I rode in the day time on the box with the driver, who seemed to take a great interest in making a young tender-foot acquaint- ed with Texas and its customs. At that time every one went armed in Texas, and, wishing to do in Rome as Rome did, I had bought a Navy Colt and belt and holster, and the driver, after a careful examination of my gun. anrroved it, and laughingly said that with such a guard he did not fear the road agents. Getting into the Black-jack coun- try, he pointed out here and there a tree where he said a man had been hanged at different times. I asked what they were hanged for. "Hoss stealing," he said. "Do they hang people here for stealing horses?" said I. "Well, youngster, what would you hang a man for if not for steal- inne horses?" was the rejoinder. Since mustangs were worth then $10 to $15 per head, I though that the penaltv seemed severe, but said noth- ing. At noon in the Black-Jack coun- try we drew up to a noted wayside OTHER HERDS COME AND GO BUT THE OLD ESTABLISHED SUNNY HOME HERD OF ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE Continues steadily along furnishing cattle of the better class and choicest breeding at the very lowest prices consistent with high quality. Two better bred bulls than "Baron Roseboy" 67666, and "Jester," 60071, are not owned in the South, and the females of the herd were sired by some of the most fa- mous bulls of the breed. Young calves only for sale. A. L. FRENCH, Owner, Station, Draper, N. C. at the farm. R. F. D., Byrdvllle, Va. NO REASONABLE OFFER REFUSED "" ANGUS CATTLE and HACKNEY HORSES At sacrifice prices. A destructive fire left us without adequate shelter for our stock and we are forced to sell it. Every animal we offer is all right in breed- ing and has the backing of our establishment, the Delaware Stock Farm. Simply our misfor- tune affords you a rare chance to buy first class stuff at your own price. Write us your wants. MYER & SON, Brldgeville, Del. * Young Hereford Bulls **» We have a few Good Young Bulls for sale at reasonable prices, quality considered. Will gladly give description and prices to prospective buyers. H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, Shadwell, Va. CHESTER WHITES. Registered herd; first piemium stock; largest and most prolific hot, on rec- ord; 3 sows, 41 pigs breeaing stock, 400 to 700 pounds; easy feeding; Ser- vice Boars, Sows bisl. Fancy Figs for sale. My time to ihis breed, 11 years. The best money can buy ana leed pro- duce. P. M. FINKHCTTSER, Winches- ter, Vn. References: Farmers and Merchants National Bank, Winchester, Va. When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1111 Pure- Bred POULTRY Farmers, now is the time to order your Breeding Birds for 1909. I have choice birds of the follow- ing breeds. Barred, White and Buff Plymouth Rocks, White, Brown and Buff Leg-horns, White and Sil- ver Wyandottes, White, Black and Buff Orpingtons, Rhode Island Reds, Silver Spangled Hamburgs, Indian Games, Black Minorcas, and White Face Black Spanish chickens; Rou- en and Pekin Ducks, Mammoth Bronze and White Holland Turkeys. Do not delay, place your order today and get advantage of lowest prices. Address JAMES M. HOBBS, 1521 Mt. Royal Avenue. BALTIMORE, MD. Pure-Bred WHITE HOLLAND and MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS. Farmers do not delay. Now is the time to buy and save money. Choice 15- to 16- pound White Holland Toms, $5 each; Younger Toms, $4 each; 2a-pound Yearling Toms, $6 each. White Holland Hens of this year's hatch, 8 to 12 pounds each, $4 each, or $7.50 for two hens. My Mammoth Bronze Turkeys are extra good this year, and the prices for December are as follows: 30- to 35-pound Yearling Gobblers, $6 each; lS-to 20-pound Young Toms, $5 each; Later hatched, 15-pound Toms, $4 each; 12- to 14-pound Early hatched Hens, $4 each; 9 to 11-pound Hens, $3 each. I can please you, and have over 200 Pure-Bred Turkeys for sale all in perfect health. Order to-day and secure the choicest birds. Address JAMES M. HOBBS, | 1521 Mt. Royal Ave, Baltimore, Md. Pure-Bred HOGS I have the finest lot of Berkshire, Poland-China, Chester White, York- shire and Tamworth Pigs and Hogs I ever owned. I can mate Pigs and Shoats for breeding 2, 3, 4 and 6 months old, and have fine 150-to 200-lb. Service Boars and Bred Sows ready for immediate shipment. Now is the time to order and get them in their winter quarters. Write to- day a list of your wants. Satis- faction guaranteed and references furnished. Address, JAMES M. HOBBS, 1521 Mt. Royal Avenue. BALTIMORE, MD. inn known as Cunningham's. As the stage drew up in front to stop for •dinner and change horses, I noticed a large and rather roughly clad man sitting on the porch with a lady in black. "There he is," said the driver, "the greatest man in Texas.". "Who is it?" said I. "Why, Gin'l Sam Hous- ton." 1 n n .d a letter of introduction to General Houston, but concluded that this was not an opportune time to present it. but preferred to wait till he was inaugurated Governor, for he was then, with his wife, on his way to Austin to be inaugurated for the last time Governor of the State he had had such a hand in the mak- ing of. But at the dinner table he and Mrs. Houston sat opposite to me, and I got a picture in mind that has never faded. Dressed in a rather roush coat, no collar, but with a red worsted scarf around his neck, and a vest of leopard skin with hair and spots on. General Houston, neverthe- less made the impression of great physical and mental power. He was traveling with his wife in their private carriage towards the «ity of Austin, but not like us, travel- ing at night, and we left him at the hostelry. I reached Austin several days before the time for the inaugu- ration, and had an opportunity to hear some of the discussions in the ■Legislature which showed that even then there were mutterings of the storm that was soon to break over the country. The political majority of the Legislature was opposed to General Houston, and there were fire eaters there who were reported to have left the East for the good of the East. It was curious, too, to note at that time that almost every one spoke of the remainder of the country as the "States," and at times, on going to REDUCED PRICES ON BRED BERKSHIRE GILTS for next 30 days only. The panic drove hundreds of breed- ers out of business. The next twelve months will see them tumbling over one another to get back — as the de- mand and prices advance. I staid in the boat, kept up my herd and adver- tisements, hence am well equipped for orders. My Berkshires are as fine as the world can produce. Price in easy reach of everyone. Scores of pigs ready for shipment. THOS. S. WHITE, Fassifern Stock Farm, LEXINGTON, VA. Prize- Winning BERKSHIRES FOR SALE. Our herd won 33 ribbons at Rich- mond 1907, and Lynchburg and Rich- mond, 1908; also won silver cup offered by American Berkshire Assn. for best under-year herd (3 sows and boar). We have Masterpiece, Lord Premier, Beryton Duke and Biltmore strains. BRED SOWS, GILTS, YOUNG BOARS AND PIGS FOR SALE. MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM COMPANY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. LARGE ENGLISH AND AMERICAN BERKSHIRES. Size, with quality and early matur- ity. I offer for sale a few of the fin- est ready to breed gilts and ready for service boars I have seen this season. Also a great number of choice pigs 8 to 10 weeks old. They, are out of the best sows to be found in the State and were sired by my great breeding )oars, Hunter of Biltmore, 3d and Earhart's Model Premier. My prices are very reasonable and I guarantee entire satisfaction or will refund your money. Write for prices and description to D. E. EARHART, Bristow, Va. When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1112 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, the post-office for letters, I was told "No mall from the States to-day." The day hefore the inaugural cere- mony, General Houston sent a polite message to the Legislature, saying that he had heard that the galleries in the Capitol (the old one) were un- safe, and that as there would he a large crowd, he suggested that the inaugural ceremonies take place on the portico in front of the Alamo monument. But, in the spirit of pure cussedness, the House sent him word that they would have the galleries strengthened, and did have timber props placed all around under them. In the morning, I concluded that it would be as safe to be on top as any where, so I went to the gallery. At the appointed hour, the General, still dressed as I had seen him at the country tavern, walked up the aisle to the speakers' desk, and took the oath of office. Then, turning to the assemblage, he said, "Ladies and gen- tlemen, any one who may wish to hear the remarks I may have to make will please adjourn to the front of the Alamo monument, as I shall speak from that place.'And out he walked, with the whole crowd and the Legislature tumbling after him, and, taking off his overcoat and his red scarf, he made his inaugural ad- dress just where he intended to make it. And in that inaugural he indicated the policy that he after- wards followed in the shock of war, evidently grieved that the State he had fought for and which he had spent his best days in making a mem- ber of the great Union, should be in the hands of those who wished to turn her loose again. A few days afterwards I presented my letter of introduction, and for the first and last time grasped the hand of the old veteran. Seeing me shrink a little from the lion-like grip of his hand, he said, "My young friend, if you stay in Texas, we will make you tougher than that." I was in Austin at times during the whole of that ses- sion of the Legislature and could but see that the old man was waging a losing fight against that Legislature. But that is history. We did little that winter in railroad building, and the tracks got little beyond Hemp- stead, and when the storm of war seemed about to break I went back to Virginia. Salisbury, Md. W. F. M ASSET. CATALOGUES. J. B. Watkins & Bro., Elmwood Nur- series, Midlothian, Va. Catalogue of nursery stock and ornamental trees, vines and plants. This is an old and reliable firm, who give personal at- tention to the production of good stock. W. R. Harrison & Co., Massilon, O. Tornado Feed and Ensilage Cutters. Much of the chronic lameness in horses is clue to neglect. See that your horse is not allowed to go lame. Keep Sloan's Liniment on hand and apply at the first signs of stiffness. It's wonderfully penetrating — goes right to the spot — relieves the soreness — limbers up the joints and makes the muscles elastic and pliant. Slonxf will kill a spavin, curb or splint, reduce wind puffs and swol- len joints, and is a sure and speedy rcme H r for fistula, sweeney, founder and thrush. Price, 50c. and $1.00. Dr. Earl S. Sloan, - - Boston, Mass. Sloan's book on horses, cattle, sheep and poultry sent free. BURKE'S GARDEN POULTRY BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS WHITE WYANDOTTES S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS ZT fa&itoL S. AND R. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS MAMMOTH B. TURKEYS.*-^. , . -JWH1TE HOLLAND TURKEYS -*_- W_J :■: i~ L. . FROM ^ f^fctt BEST STRAINS POSSIBLE. BRED RIGHT, FED RIGHT, GROW RIGHT, STAY RIGHT. Each breed is reared on a separate farm, under the personal care of a specialist. Our stock is all healthy and vigorous. YANKEE QUALITY AT SOUTHERN PRICES. Stock $2 to $5 for single specimens. Trios and pens at special prices. Eggs, $1.60 to $5 a setting. STANDARD-BRED POULTRY FARMS, Burke's Garden, Va. EGGS FOR HATCHING Pens No. 1 — Fancy Orpingtons that win. ,,j 15 for $ 4 00 45 for 9 60 90 for 14 50 ; / ^S^^V???; Pens No. 2 — High-Class Breeders. /; W %- • ■'$&•'•• ; "*>K^NxM?rf? 15 for $ 2 00 ■ >«■*.=<* ' --.Y*«jf 45 for 4 80 C'lll^' : WT3 '' 90 for 7 20 P"' "S v XY/L* " :J > p ens No. 3 — Thoroughbred Utility .\:r,..>^^iS' >r? Stock. ,v]#:.sr 15 for $ 1 oo MF IP ' 45 for 2 40 ^■"""^M -W'" ' 90 for 3 60 '\:^jKv -.',.■' •iffiPsia@P , .-'s%A Single-Comb Buff Orpington Stock ■ffiffif^yy-:.'''..- :~, ^wMmSF^r^' ; "-'-""-^~- for sale at all times. Write for "imW '"' ^$3 Wr^py -•' '-';Y s i?0 prices. ^Jap W 'C'.^\C:- : HENRY J. and CHAS. G. SANGER, '-'^ \.. . ;•""• ft ., -r~- - "~ ,;si %.iir^; Proprietors of The Ethermore Fruit '-■-'} ■'■-'. '-.••--v " //.-±i ■£»*.£ - z&i^^- and S. C. Buff Orpington Farm. ■'Vi:i;5'\ ■,.•'.-:■'■-■•— ^ ^V^/ - ; : -- R. F. D. No. 2, DAYTON, VA. W45Hcsi»r 1 »H^kE-x'*mS' The Best All-Purpose Fowls Known Caswell Co., N. C, Aug. 13, '08. Shenandoah Co., Va., June 8, '08. I esteem the Southern Planter a I think the Southern Planter is one valuable aid to the farmers of this of the best- Southern papers that we country E. B. FOOTE. take. J. D. BURNER. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1113 MORVEN PARK ESTATE. The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS. Esq. Large Yorkshire Swine. These pigs are hardy and prolific. The two boars that took the first prize in their classes at the Virginia State Fair had been exposed without cover or shed for a year in the open. They had, as have all our pigs, well developed carcasses, covered with heavy growth of hair that insures against scurf or skin troubles in hot climate. These pigs mature early, are good mothers, and are very pro- lific. They are the bacon pig of England and of the West. WE HAVE THE FINEST STRAIN OF IMPORTED BLOOD FOR SALE. Registered Guernsey Cattle. Dairymen shipping to the city markets will find a Guernsey bull most valuable to cross on their herds, thus increasing the content of butter fat in their milk or cream. Especially is this cross desir- able when shipping to cities where dealers pay upon the basis of butter fat. At the Pan Amercian Exposition, the only time the Guernsey met other breeds in competition, the Guernsey led all breeds for the most economical production of high-class butter. We Have Brilliantly Bred Bulls For Sale. Dorset Horn Sheep. We have the largest flock of Imported Dorsets In America. They are of one type and both thrifty and prolific. WE ARE BOOKING ORDERS FOR NEXT YEAR'S DELIVERY OF LAMBS. For further particulars, address, LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, MORVEN PARK ESTATE, LEESBURG. LOUDOUN CO., VA 1114 THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK [December,. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. Potato Soup. Six potatoes, four turnips, one small onion, five pints of milk, three heads of celery, two teaspoons of salt, one-half teaspoon of black pepper, a large spoon of butter. Boil the turnips until they are tender, add the potatoes and onions and boil until they can be mashed. Drain off the water and cream the vegetables; add the milk, salt and pepper, and return it to the fire and let it come to a boil. Cream the butter very light, and add it just is you take it off the Are. The celery can be chopped and added when you mix the vegetables and milk, or it may be boiled with the potatoes and creamed with the other vegetables. A dust of celery salt and of Cayenne is an improvement. Serve very hot with small squares of toasted bread. Roasted Turkey. Always kill the turkey a day be- fore you want to use it (three days is better). It should be picked and drawn at once and hung up in a dry cold place. When .ready for cooking plunge it into hot water for ten min- utes. Have a dressing made with bread crumbs, salt, pepper, celery seed, a pint of fat oysters, and a large spoon of butter, mixed well, with a few tablespoons of hot water. Fill the body and the crop of the turkey with this dressing. Put it in to the roasting pan with a quart of boiling water and a slice of middling. Turn and baste frequently. It takes from three to five hours to cook a turkey. Thicken the gravy and chop the giblets in it. Serve very hot. Scalloped Oysters. Drain the liquor from the oysters. Have a baking dish the size you will need. Put in a layer of oysters with a fork, season with pepper, salt and a dash of Cayenne, then a layer of stale bread crumbs, with bits of but- ter about on it, then a layer of oys- ters, and so on, till the dish is full. Let the crumbs form the last layer, with the butter, salt and pepper on it, then pour over it a cup of rich milk, or of the oyster liquor. Cover with a tin pan or plate and bake thirty minutes, then take off the top, and bake half hour longer, unless, the dish is very small, then it does not take so long. Pickled Beets. Put the beets on in an iron pot as early as you can after breakfast, and let them boil gently until dinner is ready. Cut them up (after rub- bing off the skin) into thin slices. Make a sauce of a cup of vinegar, half a cup of water, half a cup of sugar or more, salt, pepper, a tea- spoon of celery seed. Let this boil hard for ten minutes, then pour it,, over the beets, and let them boil in it. Serve hot. , Cold Slaw. If you have no slaw cutter, buy one. They can be had for about fif- ENTERPRISE Meat and Food Chopper "Enterprise" Meat and Food Choppers cut the meat with a revolving steel knife against a perforated steel cutting' plate without tearing or crushin. Easily cleaned. Practically unbreakable, and will last for years. The No. 5 "Enterprise" Chopper costs only SI. 75. No, 10. shown in cut, $2.50. They are standard family sizes, and not only save ha] f the work at butchering time, but are useful in the kitchen every day in the year. Made in 45 sizes and styles for Hand, Steam an trie Power. We also make cheaper Food Choppers, recommend the above for the reasons given. Illustrated catalog free. Sold at Hardware and General Stores, etc. ENTERPRISE Sausage Staffer and Lard Press Lessens the labor at butchering time. Two machines in one. Well made and does its work quickly and surely. Cyl- inder is bored true and plate fits accur- ately. Pressure cannot cause meat to rise above the plate. The Patented Corru- gated spout prevents air from entering casing, ensuring perfect filling and pre- servation of sausage. Machine can be changed into a Lard Tress in a minute's time. Can also be used as a Fruit Press. Your dealer should be able to supply you with the "Enterprise" Sausage Stufferand Lard Press. If not, order direct of makers. No. 25—4 quart Japanned Price $5.50 4 sizes Tinned and Japanned ENTERPRISE The "Enterprise" Bone, Shell and Corn Mill is a good, general mill for farmers, poultrymen, etc., and for compactness, strength and durability is unexcelled. Handy for grinding poultry food and making bone meal fertilizer. Mill shown incutS8.50, weight 60 lbs., grinds 1 '4 bu. corn per hour. Look for the name "Enterprise" on the machine you buy. Grind up dry bones, oyster and other shells, corn, etc., for your hens and watch results. Other famous " Enterprise" household special- ties are: Coffee Mills; Raisin Seeders; Fruit, Wine and Jelly Presses ; Cherry Stoners ; Cold Handle Sad Irons, Etc., Etc. Sold at Hardware and General Stores, etc. Write for "The Enterprising Housekeeper," a book of 200 choice recipes and kitchen helps. Tree on request. Bone, Shell and Corn Mill THE ENTERPRISE MFC. CO. of PA., 223 Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa Poland - CKinas. A superior lot of Pigs by "Top Chief," Gray's Ideal 65S05, and other noted boars. (an furnish pairs not akin to those previously purchased. Come to headq uarters and get the best at one-hait "Western prices. Old- est herd in the State. j. B. GRAY, Fredericksburg, Va. B^ : "■ '-*H . T0/>.,Cf/£f ■ J «, "*- " 1 EXCELLENT SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS. By the Scotch topped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by the old reliable breed- ers, P. S. Lewis & Son, as the best bull ever bred on their farm) by th« International winner, Frantic Lad, son of The Lad for Me, champion of America in 1900. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows. Pure Yearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senator, a prize winner in Can- ada as a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Drummond, th» foremost Southdown breeder In America. 11. J. HANCOCK & SON, "Ellerslle," Charlottesville, Va 190S.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1115 B>B>B>B>B>B>B>BIC>B>B>B>S>B>BK:>B»B>B>B»B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B*B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B>B u Incorporated 1007. "STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE." Capital Stock, SI 00,000. THE VIRGINIA STOCK FARM CO. incorporated. Bellevue, Bedford County, Virginia. J. ELLIOTT HALL, General Manager. H Copyright, 1908. By The Virginia Stock Farm Co., Inc. THOROUGHBRED STALLION Standard Type of the kind to sire Heavy Weight Hunters. Drawing by Geo'. Ford Morris. BUT A SAMPLE! The above is but a sample of the many superb illustrations contained in our new Catalogue, "Inaugural Announcement." It also contains many other illustrations, showing the Standard Types of the different breeds handled by this concern. In addition to the illustrations and in connection therewith are brief chap- ters of valuable information pertaining to each breed. This book tells what breeds are the best adapted to Virginia and why they are the best. It also explains in detail the objects and purposes of this concern. It Will interest all farmers! It will interest you! "Write for one to-day. They are free, and a post card, with your name and address is all that is necessary. Please do us and the publishers the kindness to mention The Southern Planter when writing. Address the Company as above, or the General Manager. J. ELLIOTT HALL, Bellevue, Virginia. FOR SALE. — Combination mare. Park chestnut, some white. Six years old. City broke and safe for a lady's use. Nice in harness. Superb walk, trot, canter mare. A bargain. Price $300. CHB Cotton and Corn Planters Praise Blount's "True Blue" Middle-Breaker Over 50,000 in Use tin Mississippi Alone ! Greatest Labor Saver on the Plantations! Here Are Brief Extracts from Letters of Prominent Planters Throughout the South: O. H. Teal, Colfax, La., writes: "Blount's 'True Blue' Middle- Brenkers are very satisfactory. Their beams are short and you can make smaller turn rows. They take the ground readily. I have several that I have been E. J. Mullens, Clover Hill, M ; writes: "I consider I have made $1,000 of cotton on land which would have had to lie idle if I had not gotten your 'True Blue' Middle- Breakers." BurchWil]iams,EvansviHe,Miss., writes: "I consider any land in the Mississippi bottom can be bedded thoroughly with these plows. I had 50acres that the cotton was drowned out on and the water grass came up from 6 to 8 inches high. I com- pletely covered this and it decayed perfectly and I made 2,000 bushels of corn that season." Saves HALF in TIME -MEN -MULES' 1 Joshua Mulligan, Wesson, Miss., writes: "The 'True Blue* is strong- ly made. Two yoke of cxen could not bend the beam." L. E. Lea, Brookhaven, Miss., writes: *'I think they are the greatest labor savers of any plow made." James Spencer, Summit, Miss., says: "The 'True Blue* is the best cotton tool we have." J. H.Whjttington, Summit, Miss., writes: "It saves the labor of one man. There is no other that can take its place." Hundreds of planters back up this statement. You'll find their letters in the "TRUE BLUE" BOOKS-Sent FREE. Write for these books and the Catalog: today. Cut the expense of planting: and cultivating: by using the "True Blue " BlOUnt PlOW WorkS, Evansvil.l^nd. Leading Dealers Sell the "True Blue" Line Starts or Stops the Spray Instantly The "Kanf-Klog" Sprayer Gets twice the results with same labor and fluid. Send postal today for free interest- ing booklet, explaining how the "Kant- Klog" gives Nine Sizes of Round or Flat Fine or Coarse Sprays 7 ~ =L ._ or solid sfeams all from the same nozzle. ;==__ Ten different styles of sprayers for all kinds of spraying, whitewashing, etc., etc AGENTS WANTED Rochester Spray Pump Co., K % '„! I.Vr "*V. When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOTJTHEKN PLANTER 1121 servative lines of tine New Woman of Japan. Many Americans were present, and the smiling countenance of William J. Bryan cast a glow over one end of the room. He was making the same trip as we, and at every place where he stopped, he was well re- ceived and royally entertained. Our boy pulled back our chairs, and handed us the menu, with a low bow. We looked it over and discovered a queer name which we knew must be Japanese, and we ordered it, but could not eat it when it came. Here we asked for "consomme," but the boy could not understand, and brought the steward, an Englishman, who asked us please to order by the numbers after the things, as the boys could not understand the names. Then we noticed for the first time that everything on the menu was numbered, and we dined off of 7, 10, 13, 17 and 21. Seventeen was pea hulls, a new dish to us, and not very nice. They are pulled before the peas mature, are boiled and seasoned with butter. Other Japanese dainties we got acquainted with were bamboo sprouts and lily roots, both very edi- ble. We never oared very much for the fruit, though the persimmons are large and look pretty. They serve a quantity of mandarin oranges, fresh figs, grapes and apples. We soon found ourselves pleasantly launched out into the life of Yoko- hama. It is such a gay, amusing place that many travelers cannot tear themselves away from it, but pass their whole visit to Japan in the big carved chairs and sofas of the Grand Hotel. We would sit for hours on the terrace, watching the passing show. Outside there were jugglers, singers, dancers and dwarfs to amuse us. Peddlers brought their packs, and a Singalese jeweler tempted us with his unset stones. Be- fore us lay the bay with the ships of the nations upon it, and behind us was glorious Fuji-yama, the sa- cred mountain of Japan, a volcanic peak, 13,000 'feet high. After getting a view of this peerless mountain, we felt that its beauties had been very inadequately depicted on China, fans and screens. The Japanese hold it in great honor on account of the le- gends and traditions associated with it. About 18,000' pilgrims ascend it annually. The base is cultivated up to 1,50'0 feet, and above this is a grassy moorland for 4,000 feet. The summit consists of a series of peaks, surrounding the crater, which is 2,000 feet in diameter. Painters .and poets find much to admire in the union of grace and majesty which it presents. CLAUDE G. STEPHENSON, Virginia Properties, Herndon, Va. Farms For Sale in Northern Virginia, within one to two hours run of the National Capital. LOUDOUN COUNTY, THE FAMOUS BLUE-GRASS REGION. 290 acres of the finest bluegrass land; large stone house; fine barn and out- buildings; excellent orchard; running water in every field; well fenced; beau- tifully located only four miles from the railroad by excellent roads. No better stock farm in the state. Price, $19,000; terms if desired. 180 acres of excellent blue grass land and most conveniently located; brick and stone buildings and in good shape; well watered and fenced; good orch- ard. Price $13,500. 155 acres of the best blue grass land; fine orchard; well watered and fenced; brick house with hot and cold water and bath; splendid farm buildings and all in perfect condition; located within four miles of Paeonian Springs where is found the finest school in the county. This is in every way a superior prop- erty. Price $12,400. Easy terms. 150 acres of fine blue grass land; with good improvements; splendid orchard; well watered and fenced and desirably located. Price $9,000. Terms if desired. 325 acres of fine quality blue grass land; convenient to Round Hill; large brick house; good barn and outbuildings; w ell watered; fine neighborhood. This would make a magnificent stock farm. The cheapest really good prop- erty in the county. Price $7,500. One-half cash and the balance in two and three years. 120 acres of good blue grass land; improvements fair; only 4 miles from good town on the R. R. Price $6,000 FAIRFAX COUNTY. Most Conveniently located and Nearest Washington City. 550 acres and over, with good improvements; large frame dwelling, and all necessary farm buildings; excellent soil, and splendidly watered. This is with- out doubt naturally the best stock farm in Fairfax County. Price $13,000. Terms reasonabe. 130 acres well improved and in good condition; fine location; good water and orchard. Price $10,500. 28% acres at Herndon, the great dairy town of Northern Virginia; good house with bath. Only $4,500. 50 acres near Herndon; fair improvements; fruit and well fenced; conven- iently located. Price $3,500. 58 acres convenient to Herndon, within three miles; well improved; abund- ance of fruit; well watered. Suitable for dairy and poultry; only $2,500. SPECIAL, BARGAINS. 227 acres ^.ell improved and conveniently located; stone house; fine blue grass land. This farm with all stock, farm machinery and household goods is being offered cheap. 310 acres of good land with magnificent house and barn and good outbuild- ings; fine fruit; very productive; offered for less than house cost to effect immediate sale. CLAUDE G. STEPHENSON, HERNDON, VA. JOHN F. JERSVIAN, Headquarters for Virginia Property, Fairfax Va. Washington Office, No. 1220 H Street, N. W., and Vienna, Va. If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, poultry or blue grass farm, city or village property, or any kind of business proposition, such as hotel*, stores, livery stables, schools, or any kindd of shop, it will pay yo» to send for my 60-page catalogue. It is full of bargains, near steam and electric rail- roads and near Washington, D. C, where we have the best of markets. I an always ready to show my property. I try to please. MY MOTTO: HONESTY AND FAIR DEALINGS.' When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. UNTIL YOU INVESTIGATE "THE MASTER WORKMAN,* a two-cylinder gasoline, kerosens %t : afcon engine, superior to any one-cylinder engine; revolutionizing power. Its weight and bulk are half that of single cylinder engines, with greater durability. CostE '.< 5*0 tfo Buy— Lese to Run, Quickly, easily started Vibration practically overcome. Cheaply mounted on any wagon. It is a combination portable, stationary or traeUW fiKSaj&s, 9mem WO* 0*x*Jt«roil T1LK TEMP" .* PUM.P CO Mfr» Hit-asher Mil X<3th ism." Chicago THIS IS OUR FIFTY -FIFTH YEAR, 1122 THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER [December, A Japanese poet speaks of it as "Great Fuji-San, towering to the sky." While idling in Yokohama, we picked up some bits of the Japanese language, which proved very useful to us in our travels. Knowing one important word will often save the situation. The language is soft and pretty, and has many sounds resem- bling Italian. It abounds in horrofics and humilities. Everything pertain- ing to the first person is vile and despicable, whilst everything relating to the second person is honorable and praiseworthy. The construction of the language shows all the wind- ings and turnings of the Oriental mind, and translated literally English would make utter nonsense For example, "Don't do that" is trans- lated "Honorably abstaining condes- cend," and "Excuse me" is "August, pardon, deign." A foreigner talking with a Japanese lady through an in- terpreter found that her name was Miss Nightingale. Aiming to be very igallant, he said, "I wish I could put you in a golden cage and carry you away." When the interpreter trans- lated his remark, the lady became very cool, and the polite foreigner did not discover until long afterwards that his remarks had been trans- lated, "I wish I could shut you up in a box." The Japanese read a great deal, but literature is at a low ebb with them. Its place is supplied by charming myths and folk lore. Poetry is highly esteemed, and in the olden times, women were prominent in this voca- tion. The 'censorship of the press is so severe that the jails are full of editors. Nothing is more common than a notice that a certain paper has been stopped by Imperial decree. The Temple Pump Co., of Chicago, is the pioneer in the manufacture of the Multinle Cylinder Gasoline En- gine. The "Master Workman," a double cylinder gasoline engine, was the first on the field. Now, the whole course of progress in the making of gas engines is towards the multinle cylinder type, ensines of two, four, six, and eight cylinders being made. The Temple Pumn Co. are now manu- facturing two and four cylinder en- gines for general farm use. The advantages of the two and four cylinder engines for the farm aro: Economy in the use of fuel, greater certainty of continuous running, quick and easv starting, less cumbersome- ness and adaptation not only for sta- tionery use. but for portable and trac- tion use. Sooner or later the need of an engine for traction purposes as well as for stationary will be felt by every agriculturist. This is the fifty-fifth year of the Temple Pump Company. Please mention the Southern Planter. A December Bargain Send today for our magnificent offer of 10 fruit trees : 2 Peach, 2 Apple, 2 Cherry, 2 Plum and 2 Pear, for only $1 — with copy of our matchless new 1909 cata- logue. All these trees are of the best standard kinds, 4 to 6 feet high, and of the superior Har- rison quality that has made our Nurseries famous everywhere. Fruit Trees Worth $2.30 to You for Only $1 Write us now, and by return mail you will get coupon good for $1.30 of the $2.30 which is the regular price of the ten trees. Such a bargain is so unusual that you should not fail to take advantage of it. Don't put it off — send today! J. G. HARRISON & SONS, Box 214, BERLIN, MARYLAND You will become a regular customer if you try our stock ; hence this special offer of first-clas» trees at bargain prices. We want a trial order from you and will make it worth your while to send it. 42 YEARS EXPERIENCE. OLD DOMINION NURSERIES, W. T. HOOD & CO., Prop., Richmond, Va. Growers of High Grade Nursery Stock* Special Inducements In Peach and Kleffer Pears for Commercial Orchards. Full line of Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, Roses, Shrubbery, Etc. Plant a California Privet Hedge — none better. Write for our descriptive catalogue of 64 pages — Correspondence Solicited. ..ELMWOOD NURSERIES.. We are Growers and Offer a Fine Assortment of — APPLES, CHERRIES, NECTARINES, OOOSERBRRIES. RASPBERRIES, ORNAMENTALS. PEACHES, PLUMS GRAPE VINES, STRAWBERRIES, ASPARAGUS, SHADE TREES, PEARS, APRICOTS, CURRANTS, DEWBERRIES, HORSERADISH, HEDGE PLANTS. W RI T E FOB CATALOGUE. J.B.WATKINS & BRO, Midlothian, Va. 1908.] THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 1123 INQUIRER'S COLUMN. All inquiries must reach us by the 15th of the month previous to the issue, or they cannot be answered until the month following. SOWING APPLE AND PEAR SEEDS. Will you please state in the next Issue of Southern Planter the best time for planting apple and pear seeds to raise seedlings for grafting purposes. J. P. PHIPPS. Ashe Co., N. C. The seeds should be sown as early In the spring, as the frost is out of the ground. The soil should be well prepared and the best is a loamy soil about five or six inches deep. Do not cover too deeply. Sow in rows and keep cultivated during the sum- mer so as to encourage growth. They should be planted out in the nursery rows the following spring. — Ed. TO REMOVE WARTS. We have a fine mule that has two warts on it: one on its ear, and one on its side about the size of a quar- ter. Will you please give a remedy for removing them. A. M. ALLEY. Rockingham Co., N. C. If the warts are attached to the skin by a hard dry neck, clip them off with a pair of scissors, or cut with a sharp knife, and touch the root of the neck with lunar caustic. If the neck is a soft fleshy one. tie a silk cord tight around it as close to the skin as possible, and thus cut off the supply of nourishment to the wart, and it will die and drop off. If the warts are flat hard substances, lying close on the skin, burn them off with caustic potash, or lunar caus- tic—Ed. PIGS COUGHING— LAME COLT. I see in your valuable paper an in- quiry in the September number of Mr. A. E. Royall, asking as to whn' to do for his pigs. I will give him my experience. I had some affected the same way, and I found that al- lowing them to stay under the barn, where there is so much dust, getting in their throats, causes them to cough. I stopped mine - from going under the barn and stopped the cough. Another innuirer, Mr. Oliver Coleman, asks about. his colt. I can give him some experience also. If he will have a shoe made with a piece of iron about half an inch welded on the toe of the shoe ex- tending up on to the hoof about one inch, and put these shoes on ooth front feet, and allow the colt to walk around, this will correct the trouble. I had one shod in that way, and it came out all right, and had "beautiful feet. As the feet came back I increased the size and weight of the piece on the toe of the shoe. I THE BEST IS INVARIABLY THE CHEAPEST This Rule Applies Particularly to seeds Ours are backed by a Reputation of over 105 years standing OUR CATALOGUE is a guide to the Horticulturist or Agriculturist, and is invaluable to the Professional as well as to the Amateur Gardener. Our Seed Catalogue Ready^ January 1 MAILED FREE J.fM. THORBURN & CO. 33 BARCLAY STREET, through tol38J»ARK5 PLACE Dept. S NEW YORK — f City Seedsmen Prices ! ^ MMKBM BBimHIHEraB Lgf us sen( j y OU our catalog of seeds==lt's different. It tells you facts, and why we can save you money, and give you a guaranteed SQUARE DEAL. Just drop a postal today and see the difference in buying your seeds in country or city. FORREST SEED CO., Box 42 Cortland, N. Y. Farms in Northern Virginia DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT. Near "Washington and Baltimore, and in easy reach of Philadelphia and New York. Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping facilities. Reasonable in price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write us. CL.AUDE G. STEPHENSON. (Successor to Stephenson & Rainey, Herndon, Va.) 1124 THE SOUTHEEE" PLANTER [December, saw these inquiries as I was look- ing for some information which is al- ways to be found in the Southern Planter. I consider it the best paper printed. One copy I sent to my sis- ter, Mrs. W. R. Capehart, of Avoca, got you lots of subscribers, which I was glad to see, when I went over there. Wishing you grand success. D. G. BOND. Chowan Co, N. C. RESTORING FERTILITY. I am a merchant here, but have re- cently bought a small farm, more to divert my mind from business than anything else. I have been taking your farm paper, and have been fol- lowing your teachings as near as I could, and have always found them profitable. I find that as a fertilizer nothing will equal stable manure, but it is not always convenient to get it in the quantities I want. What I want to ask is, Is there any combi- nation of fertilizers that will add humus to the land and that will equal stable manure? Will commer- cial fertilizer and legumes turned under do it? I will appreciate it if you will write something bearing on this in the Southern Planter, or if you prefer, write, me direct. Tennessee. "X." There is no fertilizer of a commer- cial character that wiil directly add humus to the soil, but through the proper use of the legume crops one can add humus more rapidly through the use of the proper fertilizers for them, than he could ever hope to with stable manure. And the grow- ing of these crops will give him the food material that will enable him to make more manure, for while the turning down of a legume crop will at once add more humus-making ma- terial to the soil, it is always better economy to mow and use the crop as feed, for you can save at least eighty per cent, of the manurial value, and get the feeding value, too. I have tried to put this matter in plain lan- guage in my last book, "Practical Farming," and you can get more from that than in many letters. Adopt a short rotation in which peas and clover come in frequently on the land, and always have a cover of some growing crop on the land in winter to save nitrates that would be washed out, and to restore hu- mus-making material in the spring for the hoed crops. Then use a manure spreader to make your manure go further, and you will soon be able to cover a cornfield with manure an- nually. When you arrive at that point, the way is clear. W. F. MASSEY. Buy Hot-Bed Sash NOW and Grow Garden Stuff for Early Market Don't qnit the gnme just when the biggest profits of the year are in sipht. The early vegetable market is the cream of the entire season. We will sell vou the necessary Hot-Bed Sash AT 50 PER CENT BELOW LOCAL DEALERS' PRICES. Use them to extend your growing season right straight throu/h to the time when prices are highest. Use them for wintering flowers, by protecting the seedlings. Use them for Cold Frames, after plants are well started. Use them to keep the chickens warm during the cold snaps of winter, and spring will find your Hot-Beds, ready to force the early vegetables on the market at fancy prices. Genuine Cypress Sash, 3x6 ft., with 45 Lights of Glass, at Less than Dealers Ask for Ordinary "Open" Sash Gordon-Van Tine 45-Light Hot-Bed Sash will enable you to grow vegetables from January to January. They are a wonderful improvement over the old-style sash. The 45 overlapping lights produce a Hot-House temperature perfectly. The sash are genuine Louisiana Cypress. Glass rut in with putty and points. Bars firmly secured to bottom rail. Entire sash coated with Pure Linseed Oil. Our Drice for the sash, complete with glass, ready for immediate use, is less than retail dealers ask for ordinary unsrlazed sash. We carry a tremendous stock, and ship to gardeners everywhere, unW^ :Kpp . i. mw ,,.. . .■"rToinfi '">} '.«-■■■ < ;1 -if .,„,l(-i l m, e| ■ i^j 51 jj =HH| ■ : '■. wiWIjij -f>_ 'ipii ; :i|ipii L :■:■; | | i 45-Light Sash 3x6 ft., 1% thick, Complete with Glass, $i„69 ESTABLISHED 1850. 1,200 ACRES. s> *& We are wholesale growers of first class nursery stock of all kinds, Fruit, Shade, Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery, Hedges, Small Fruits, etc., Asparagus, Strawberries, and California Privet In large quantities. The BEST Is the CHEAPEST. Ours Is the CHEAPEST because It Is the BEST. Handling Dealers' orders a specialty. Catalogue free. FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY COMPANY. Baltimore, Maryland. GROUND PHOSPHATE ROCK 28 to 30 Per Cent. Phosphoric Acid. Higher in Phosphoric Acid than Bone or Acid Phosphate, and at one-third the cost. Unequalled for composting, mixing with barnyard manure, or direct application. For prices write. W. B. ALEXANDER & CO., Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. FERTILIZER FOR GRASS. Would you please guide me in the following? I run a small dairy, and have a fairly large pasture (about five or six acres), which does not AGRICULTURAL LIME. from MANUFACTURER TO FARMER CHEAP I No Agents Lime Screenings and Run of Kiln. TAZEWELL WHITE LIME WORKS, - - - - - No. Tazewell, Ta. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1125 yield much grazing, but seems full of small white clover. I expect to leave this farm next fall. I want you to tell me what fertilizer I should use to produce me a heavy crop of grass and clover, on this pasture dur- ing next spring and summer. If I use bone meal when should I apply it to have the full benefit of the ap- plication? What fertilizer should I follow up with in the spring. I in- tend pasturing some rye until the grass gets ahead good. CHAS. JEWETT. Princess Anne Co., Va. Under the conditions you name I hardly think it would pay you to use bone meal largely, since you expect to keep the place but one season. The best thing to encourage a good growth of the grass will be to apply about 100 pounds per acre of nitrate of soda as growth starts in the spring. This will be used at once, and will rapidly encourage the growth of the pasturage, and will ans^ - your purpose better than anything I can suggest otherwise. W. F. MASSEY. OAT GROWING— GRASS SEEDING. I have a field that I wish to seed in oats in the spring. The field was in corn this year, made about forty bushels per acre without any fertil- izer. The land has been in cultiva- tion three years: one corn crop, one rye crop, and one corn crop. White oak timber and black soil. Do you think it will pay to use fertilizer on this land? Fertilizer is costly here, as we have to haul it twenty miles. A fourteen per cent, phosphate costs $20.00' per ton here. Would you use a grain drill to seed oats in spring? Is it safe to sow clo- ver, timothy and red top in March, or would the frost kill it? J. M. STEPHENS. Patrick Co., Va. 1. After taking three grain crops from the land without returning any- thing to it, it is not at all likely that you will be able to secure a sat- isfactory third crop of grain without giving the land some help. The prac- tice of following one grain crop after another for several years is bad farm- ing, and ought not to be followed. Each grain crop should be followed by a crop to feed the land, and if you had followed the first corn" crop with a crop of crimson clover seeded in the corn at the last working, and plowed this down, or cut into the land with a disc or cultivating harrow in May or June, and then planted cowpeas for a fodder crop, and fol- lowed this with crimson clover again for a winter cover, you would now have had a piece of land which would have made you a better corn crop than ever before, and this at very lit- tle cost beyond labor, and that would have been more than repaid by the J ■;SB!S53r^aBHSBB 3 Postal W'Free W i v*j:'v W Freii AHibweri AMEMCAM Soid Direct to You— On a Mont h's A&nrovat Test- Gash os* Time Payments -Freight Aiiowed The AMERICAN Manure Spreader has proved its merits to the American Farmer— as the STANDARD tor all Manure Spreaders— and that is why it has so many imitators. The AMERICAN is the result of over 25 years of actual manufac- turing experience and will pay for itself in less than a year, out of the time and money it saves you. One man and an American Spreader will do as much work as three men and twowagonsspreading manure theold way —and do it better besides covering twice as much ground. Write for our proposition, prices and Catalog and our Free Book of valuable information on Fertilization. AMERICAN MAttRBW COMPANY 62S Hastings St., Detroit, NSJch. Our branches enable us to make prompt ship- ments. Get an American Manure Spreader or a Detroit Tongueless Disc Har- row by ordering early, .Ge*A ■PriC(? : :: Direct ■jS S^W.WAWW.W^ On a First'Qiass mmmm^® spreatrer Yours to Try Free My MEW Roller feed &$3F>&a$fep, Gre atest thing In tfs& sgss-'&adet* line t&elsiy *^& 30 Days— Freight Prepaid Let me tell you something- I'm mak- ing a quotation on the Galloway Wag- on Box Spreader so low that farmers all over the country are taking notice— ^jf%S)j§! and sending in their orders while they caJi ff -Su-iaSi get them at this figure. The name— QALL&WMY is a guarantee of manure spreader excel- lence all over the United States — and every one of my Spreaders is backed by my $25,000 Gold Bond. Here are four things to remember In connection with the Galloway: I. It's the only successful wagon box Spreader in the U.S. 2. It has 7 distinct, separate, original patents. Nothing else like it — or as good. They alone make it worth 825 to $30 more than any other. 3. My own Factory turns 'em out — capacity, Seventy Complete Spreaders a day. 4. I make you a price that sells them. That price Is the lowest ever made on a first-class Manure Spreader. But before you risk one cent on my Spreader I Send it to you to try 30 days free. ^The Galloway Wagon Box Spreader fits any truck Tho Wm. Gallow&y Go. 9 219 $Q.S,QQ& Guarantee or high-wheel wagon, and is made in 4 sizes, np to 70 bushels. My big. Free Spreader Catalog and my Special Red Hot Proposition are waiting for you — Spend a cent for a postal today and get your name to me at once. I'll make you the lowest price ever offered on a first-class Spreader— Freight all paid— and show you how to clean up 850.00 clear cash profits. Write me pcrsonally-TODAY. Wm. Galloway, President Jefferson St., Waterloo, la* j& SAVE MONEY j& By writing when in need of any description of Machinery, Boilers, Engines, Tanks, Cars, Kail Beams, Channels, Plates, Angles, threaded Pipe sizes (1 to 6 inches.) All sizes iron pipe and shells for road draining, etc Boxes, Shafting, Pul- leys, Hangers, Cable, Belting, and thousands of other useful? articles in the Largest Stock in the South of used J? SUPPLIES & CLARENCE COSBY. 1519-31 East Cary St. RICHMOND, VA. L. D. Phone, No. 3526. 1126 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, cowpea hay crop. The proper time to have used acid phosphate on the land was for the pea crop, and this would have given you a return both in the pea crop and the corn crop, which you propose to plant, which would more than have paid for the outlay in phosphate, as if applied at the rate of 300 pounds to the acre, it would only have cost according to your statement, $3.00 for the acre. We believe that it would pay you to apply this quantity to the land when preparing the same for the corn crop, and the earlier it is applied the bet- ter. It will not leach out. Sow crim- son clover in the corn at the last working, and follow the system of giving the land at least one legume crop for its recuperation each year, and better two, and you will be able to maintain its fertility with but lit- tle fertilizer, especially if you will feed one of the legume crops with the straw and fodder of the grain crops to stock and carefully save the manure and apply it to the land each year. 2. You can safely sow clover and grass seeds in March, though it is better to sow them in August or Sep- tember, as they then make a safer stand. — Use a grain drill in seeding the oats. — Ed. ALFALFA— HUMUS MAKING- LIME— CORN GROWING. Your correspondents usually omit one very important item in their pre- scriptions and experiences. They fail to state on what kind of soil they are performing. 1. Do you know whether alfalfa can be grown successfully on stiff red soil, mixed with a sort of granite gravel, and at an altitude of a hun- dred feet above the river and creek bottom lands? 2. Which would add the most hu- mus to land: a pea crop that would yield two and one-half tons dry hay per acre, plowed under green, or fif- teen tons livery stable manure? 3. Would the green crop add more useful material to the soil than the dry hay, and how much? 4. Does unslaked lime lose use- fulness to soil when piled in field and allowed to get wet so often that it goes into small harsh lumps instead of powder (as it does when only once slaked)? 5. Is it possible to add manure and commercial fertilizers enough to land in one year to make land produce 10° bushels of corn per acre instead of thirty bushels? C. E. BLUE. Albemarle Co., Va. 1. Experience has shown conclus- ively that alfalfa can be most suc- cessfully grown on stiff red soil, if only this soil is in a good mechanical and physical condition, well drained, and supplied with lime, and in a good state of fertility. Get Our Factory Price Direct to You On 30 Days Approval Test- Gash or Tame— Freight Allowed It costs you nothing — at our risk — to /' test the Detroit Tongueless on your work for a month. We sell only direct, so take this way of proving to you that imitations of the Detroit Tongueless are in no way its equal. We have no dealers or agents so you save their profits on the price you pay us direct. Keep the difference in your own pocket and get the genuine, original and highest class, guaranteed nt&TiBfMY Tongueless EJSm S ff%9JB S Disc Harrow The Forward Truck does away with all of the annoyance on the team of the old "tongue"— all neck weight — side draft and sore necks. Note back of the Disc Blades the TRANSPORT TRUCK — an extra attachment— upon which you can mount the ma- chine, taking the Disc Blades oft? the ground, so you can drive over stony ground, rough and sandy roads, bridges, etc. Write today for our price — proposi- tion to you and new 1908-9 Catalog sent FREE. miERIGAN HARROW COMPAXY 65 2 Hastings St., Detroit, Af/cA^ Branch houses in all trade centers enable us to make prompt shipments. Get an Amer- ican Manure Spreader or Detroit Tongue- less Disc Har- row by or- dering early, Write for Price and Guarant y YlfiS^ A f*IUiE Pulverizing Harrow, CtocS 1 Slid MUlflb Crusher and Leveler Lowest Priced Riding Harrow Lightest Dratt For many years the favorite because it is "the harrow of all work" — the only implement a man needs for following the plow in any field — or stirring any kind of soil. It Crushes, Cuts, Lifts, Turns, Smoothes and Levels in One Operation Yet it puts less strain on the horses than any other harrow, ^fep^ O ur book by experts on "Prep- owing to the sharp, sloping knives. The knives cut through ^^^^. aration of the Soil." The the sod or stubble turned under by the plow, leaving the trash be- ^^^ study of this book means low the surface, while other harrows drag this to the top, where its ^^^. larger and better fertilizing value is wasted. ^^^^ crops for you. Also Best For Covering Seed. The curving coulters turn every inch of ^^^^ Write postal the soil. Made in different sizes, from 3 feet to 1TA feet in width. ^^^_ now. Examine the Acme at your dealers. If not there, we will ship direct. Write for Catalog and Valuable Book on "Preparation of the Soil." Free to you. PUANE H. NASH, Inc., 146 Central Ave., Millington, N. J. CLIP YOUR HORSES Every horse should be clipped in season. Clipping makes your horses look better, feel better and work better. Clipped horses dry quickly, rest well and their food does them good. Progressive farmers and horse owners everywhere now clip regularly, The easiest, quickest way to clip is with the Stewart No. 1 Ball Bearing $^.50 Clipping Machine — Price, only § = This splendid machine has all gears cut from solid steel bar, enclosed in dirt proof gear case; all wearing parts are file hard; 6 ft. highest grade flexible shaft and the famous Stewart clip- ping knife. We guarantee it to please you better than any other machine made at any price or it may be re- turned at our expense for refund of all money paid out. Get it at your dealer's or send $2.00 and we will ship C. O. D. for the balance. Ask for big new catalogue. Chicago Flexible Short Co. lfQOhioSt. Chicago. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER i 1127 Southern Planters Should Get My VERY ATTRACTIVE OFFER. Tear Out this Coupon and Mail It to Me for My 1909 Book and Special Price Proposition to You. William Galloway, President Wil- liam Galloway Co., 219 Jefferson St., Waterloo, la. Quote me your lowest factory price on a 1909 Galloway Spreader. Send me your Spreader Pay-for-Itself proposition and 1909 Book Free. Special Light Draft for Southern work Wagon-BoM Saves You SO Per Cent on Price, Fits any Truck, Don't Break up Two Teams Takes Two Horses, Try it 30 Days Free, Keep Your Money In Your Pocket tt You Say So, $25,000.00 Guarantee,^! Prepay Ail Freight to You f CPI I IlVfi DI AM* I'veGot the CaplH and the Factory, So I IlWPPfiVFMFIVTQ* My New ttcler feei islhe Lates ' OELLinU fL/in. tan Atioro lo Walt forth: Price. ,inrlv,J v ulT,Ln * °« lilstinct ixclu.ive he-.iu.es if lb I am the original maker find only successful mtnufattu'er of wagon-box manure sprraders, and I make you a price SO Low thai you can't aford nnt to gel one Direct from Factory. I sell niy mature Fpreaders on any plan to suit \ ou. Keep your notev in your own pocket if tbar mits you. But try a Galloway on your* oik 80 Days Free— rght now when y(.u need It most. You are the judge and juiy and I don't want you era l offer ever made — ttv ji^ r But what we want you to note particularly ^^ is that this offer is on Quaker City Mills— -the grinders that have been the standard of quality for 40 years — the mills that are more widely and more favorably known than all other makes put together— the mills that have never been sold before at the close manufac- turer's price. We have cut out the Jobber?, Deal- ers, all Middlemen, and give you the benefit of saving their profits. You can prove, too, at our risk, that the Quaker City is all we claim, that it is the mill you want, before you pay us a penny. CS & H 12 11 Sizes— 22 Styles From Hand to 20-Horse Power to try. Convince yourself that it grinds faster, does better work, needs less power, less attention, and meets a greater range of requirements than any other grinder at any price. From grinding ear corn to making Graham flour — grinds soft and wet as well as dry corn — you'l! f.nd a Quaker City superior. If not, send it bac! at our expense. Try all mills, if you like, and keep the best. That's all we ask. See Our Improvements ough Quaker City Mills have been given added improvements re- cently, which put them still farther ahead of any other mill — although the price would have to be higher than be- fore if sold through dealers — yetyou can get one now for less, much less, than ever. And we pay the freight, remember. Write today for Free Book, and get our Trial Offer, guaranty and factory prices. Specify Feed Mill Catalogue. One of the Quaker City Family will just meet your needs and fit your pocketbook. Write today — now. The STRAUB COMPANY 3737 Filbert Street W. Philadelphia, Pa. regularly. Three crops in two years is as much as ought to be attempted. The ewes, if bought now, will have been served, and a buck need not be bought until next August. The ewes should be given a good pasture through the winter and be fed a lit- tle grain, oats, peas and a little corn are best. Give a pint per head per day. A shed, open on the south side is all the shelter they require. In this a rack should be fixed, in which pea hay or a mixture of pea hay and good meadow hay should be fed. Do not put more hay in the rack at one time than the sheep will eat up clean in a day, as sheep are fastidious eat- ers, and will not touch hay that has been picked over by them or by other mimals. Let them have pure water x> drink, and give them salt once or wice a week. In the shed keep a rough in which a mixture of cut to- >acco leaves or tobacco dust and salt hould always be kept. This will revent and clean out the worm para- ites. When the ewes are near lamb- lg, out off the grain almost entirely, iving only oats and a few peas un- il after the lambs are dropped, and ie flow of milk is established, and ie lambs are taking it freely, then jsume the mixed grain ration in full nd increase as the lambs grow. A ew pasture of crimson clover nd mixed grain is the proper lace on which to put a flock of wes and lambs, and ought to be al- ays provided. Do not make this isture too large, but rather have vo or three smaller fields, and STRONGEST FENCE MADE BULL PD00F AND PIG TIGHT When yon buy our High Carbon Colled Spring Fence yon bay strength, service and durability combined. Twenty years of experience— hard knocks, has taught us that the best fence Is made from heavily galvanized Colled Spring Steel Wire CLOSELY WOVEN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM Our Fence Is so closely woven that smal I p 1 gs cannot "wiggle" through it. So strong the vicious bull cannot "faze 1 * it. We have no agents. We do not sell to dealers but sell direct to the user AT WHOLESALE PRICES FREIGHT PREPAID Colled Wire provides for contraction and expansion and prevents sagging between posts. Every pound of wire In our fence is made In our own wire mill from the best high carbon steel. We give 30 DAYS FREE TRIAL That our customers may be sure they are satisfied. We make a full line of FARM AND POULTRY FENCE. Our Wholesale Prices will save you money. VV rite todsy for our 40 page free Catalog. COILED SPRING FENCE COMPANY, Box 52 Winchester, Indiana* I GET OUR FREE SAMPLE which we send for inspection. Test it for I strength, stiffness and rigidness, then look to the galvanizing. File lit and see how thick that is. We want you to satisly yourself I that for YOU Brown Fence is the best fence to buy for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Chickens, etc. Our fences are made of extra | heavy Steel Wire — both strand and stay wires No. g gauge. SELLS AT 15 to 35c PER ROD DELIVERED. WE PAY THE FREIGHT. Easytoputup. Stands staunch, solid and rigid. Won't sag or I bag down. Our prices are less than you would pay for much | lighter fences. — fences not half so durable. Write today for sample and catalog showing 150 styles. . The Brown Fence &. Wire Co., Dept. 68 Cleveland, Ohio. ~Ss<\isl-e: ffzeiez TELL, THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 1132 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, change the sheep every two or three days. Change of pasture as fre- quently as possible is essential to success with sheep. Better change on to a poorer pasture than not to change at all. The lambs should after they are two or three weeks old, always have a clover or grain pasture to which they can resort apart from the ewes if the greatest success is to be attained. The lambs should pick this over first, and then the ewes follow them, and another field be given up to the lambs. Creeps through the fences should be made so that the lambs can have ac- cess apart from the ewes, but yet be able to return to the ewes to suck whenever they desire. In this way fat lambs can be had for the market when they are two or three months old. The lamb that sells the best in the early market is a fat one weigh- ing not over forty or fifty pounds. The lambs should be weaned when four of five months old, and the ewes be put on a poorer pasture until they loose their milk. After this they may be gradually got into good con- dition again, ready to take service in August, September and October. The period of gestation in the ewe is five months. The ewes should be shorn of the wool in May. A flock of ewes should easily pay a profit of 75 to 100 per cent, per year if well cared for. — Ed. ANALYSIS OF SOIL— FERTILIZER FOR CORN— IRISH POTATOES- CONSERVING THE VALUE OF MANURE FOULTRY MANURE —TO PREVENT WASHING OF LAND. 1. Is there any place in Virginia where we can send samples of our soil for an analysis to determine what plant food it is most deficient in. 2. I expect to plow under a crop of rye on one piece and vetch and oats on another, using both for corn another vear. What fertilizer, if any, would be best to use? The soil is a gray loam with a good deal of sand, light chocolate subsoil. 3. Will Irish potatoes do well on new land, or should the land be cul- tivated a year or two first? 4. Where you have plenty of sta ble room so you can keep adding fresh bedding on top of the manure all winter, does it pay best to leave manure in stable or keep it cleaned out and haul right to the field where you have to put it on top of the land and not plow it in until spring? 5. I sprinkle lime and ashes in my poultry houses three times a week and then once every two weeks rake it all out clean. Does the lime and ashes waste the fertilizing qualities of the poultry droppings or conserve same? 6. Will some reader of The Plant- er give me a remedy for the unsight- ly hillside ditches that will save ray Test The Superiority of "EVERLASTING" CORRUGATED METAL CULVERTS. They are being used generally by the largest railroad systems and wire-awake county road supervisors prefer them to all others. Corrugated Metal Culverts are made of special analysis Ingot Iron- double galvanized. They are strong and lasting. They are not affected by climatic conditions. They are easy to install. They are inexpensive. Manufactured under Letters Patent No. 559,642. Illustrated Catalogue for the asking. "Everlasting" Tanks, Smoke Stacks and Well Curbings are the cheap- est after all. There is a life time's service with every one installed. The farmer who wants the best for the least always puts his money in the '"Ever- lasting" line of Corrugated necessities. Write now telling us of your wants, stating sizes desired, and we will send literature and enticing quotations. 'Twill pay well to learn more of the "Everlasting" line. Better start to-day! VIRGINIA METAL CULVERT COMPANY, Sole Manufacturers. j 1701-1715 E. Cary Street, '< . • ~ -,'" ~| Richmond, Virginia. mm CURED No Experiment. Alcoholism, Morphine and other drug addic tions cured in from four to six weeks. 28 years successful experience. Write for our booklet. "What do You Drink" The Keeley Institute. GREENSBORO. N. C. When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1133 Water Supply For Country Homes = PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TANK SYSTEM ===== Gasoline Engines and Pumps, Wind Mills and Pumps, Hydraulic Rams In each system the very latest and most reliable tiling made. Our expert mechanics are sent to install these plants. Our charges are no greater than the unreliable jobs found about the country. RICHMOND ENGINE & PUMP CO., ASHTON STARKE, Richmond, Va. Mention this paper. Iron Fencing a Specialty. . t ter. land from washing on our steep hill- sides? W. S. CARRIN'GTON Amherst Co., Va. i 1. Yes. Send the sample to Dr! Magruder, the Chemist of the De- partment of Agriculture, Richmond. As we frequently said, we do not place much value on an analysis of soil to determine how it shall be made productive. The chemist in his laboratory can find constituents in the soil and determine approximately the quantity which the plant cannot make available because unable to control the conditions affecting the same. The true way to analyze the soil is to lay off experiment plots and treat each one with different ele- ments of fertility, give one nitrogen, one phosphoric acid and another pot- ash, then give still another nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and another nitro- gen and potash, and another a mix- ture of all these constituents, and put the same kind of crop on each plot and the plots will answer the question as to what the soil needs to grow that crop successfully. The chemist cannot tell you this. 2. The rye will only add humus to the soil, the vetch and oats will sup- ply nitrogen and humus. On both plots we would apply acid phos- phate, say, at the rate of three hun- dred pounds to the acre. On the rye plot probably some nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda would also be of service. The acid phosphate can be applied at any time during the preparation of the land for the crop, but the nitrate of soda should not be applied until the crop has started to grow. The acid phosphate will not leach out, the nitrate will, unless there is a crop to utilize it at once. As you are doubtless aware, we have always doubted the advisability of applying commercial fertilizer of any kind to the corn crop. By doing it you may and probably will increase the yield of the crop, but it is rarely that the increased yield pays for the fertilizer. You can improve the fer- tility of the land, but must look for CITY COMFORTS may be enjoyed in the COUNTRY By Means of Our Pneumatic Water Supply Systems At Small Expense. GAS RANGES GAS LIGHT GAS ENGINES Can all be used With our Gasoline Gas Generators Gasoline Engines, Wind Mills, Rams, Tanks, Wood Saw Frames. Write for particulars Sydnor Pump & Well Co., inc. Dept B, RICHMOND, VA. farquharfortabl£ sjCwMs Made in seven sizes. Variable Friction or straight belt feed with rack ind pinion, or cable attachments. Celebrated Karquhar Chain Set- Works absolutely accurate and quick receding. Built strong and durable. Don't buy any o her until you investigate the merits or the "Farquhar." Guar- anteed in every respect. Ournew 68-paaecatalogex- plalns In detail all our Saw Mills. Engines. Rollers and Threshers. We'll mall you copy free upon request. A. B. fagggM CO.. LTD.. rORK. HL THE IMPROVED RANEY CANNING OUTFITS The Simplest and Finest Process Ever Invented. Made In All Sizes, and Prices from $5.00 Up, and "Well Suited to Both Home and Market Canning. The finest Canned Goods in the World put up by farmers and their fami- lies. Write now, and get our free catalogue, giving full information, and prepare for the next crop. THE RANEY CANNER CO., Chapel Hill, N. C. 1134 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December,. the profit in subsequent crops. Barn yard manure is the proper fertilizer to use to grow corn applied on a clover or pea fallow. Phosphatic fertilizers will pay on the clover and pea crops and these and manure will make a profitable corn crop. 3. No. You will not find the Irish potatoes will do well on new land. The plant food in the soil is not in a sufficiently available form to meet the quick needs of this crop. A crop of corn will usually be the best thing to put on new land, as its ex- tensive root system enables it to search out and utilize the inert plant food and the cultivation necessary for the crop makes this fertility more available and puts the land into a better mechanical and physical con- dition for the next crop. 4. The best way to conserve the value of stable manure is to get it out on the land as fast as made. No loss of its value is caused by leaving it spread on tbe top of the land dur- ing the winter. Where this cannot be conveniently done, then, leaving it in the stable, trod down solid, con- serves its value best, but this prac- tice is not compatible with the best hygienic condition of the stable, and it is absolutely fatal to successful dairying. The stables and cow barns should be cleaned out daily and the manure either be spread on the land or be put up in a compact heap un- der cover or be covered with soil as riled, or, if a covered barn yard is available, it should be put there and cattle be kept on it to compact it. There is no doubt the most eco- nomical way to handle the manure is to harve it dumped directly from the stables and barns every day into the manure spreader and put it on the land at once. It is then only once to handle and no portion of its value is lost. Add to the manure as made forty or fifty pounds to the ton of acid phosphate. This will make it twice as valuable as a fertilizer. 5. The sprinkling of lime and ashes on the hen manure causes loss of the ammonia (nitrogen), the most valuable part. Dry dust or dust and land plaster mixed conserves it best. 6. The way to prevent washing and gullying is to plow deep into the subsoil. Give the water the chance to ge into the soil and it will take care of all of it and no washes be seen. — Ed. Albemarle Co., Va., Feb. 8, '08. It gives me very great pleasure to get a new subscriber for the best farm magazine of North America. If it were possible for it to do the States could make no better invest- ment for the agricultural advancement of the Commonwealth than to appro- priate a sum sufficient to place one year's subscription to the Southern Planter in the hands of every Virginia farmer. DR. WM. FITZHUGH CARTER. NATIONAL Water Supply System. FARMERS, LET US IN- STALL. OUR GREAT COM- PRESSED AIR SYSTEM OF WATER SUPPLY lit YOUR RESIDENCE, BARN, DAIRY OR OTHER BUILDINGS. It will furnish you an abundance of water f«r all pur- poses from any source. Write ps. giving depth and capacity of your well or spring, and we will cheerfully submit an estimate and make suggestions as to your requirement!. Satisfaction Guaranteed. DAVIDSON, BURNLEY A CO, RICHMOND, VA. 010 East Main Street. HERCULES Sfee! Stump Machines. CAST IRON Strength to the square inch 16,000 pounds STEEL STRENGTH . TO THE SQUARE INCH 120.000 LBS. do the work of three iron grubbers ■ T RtPREiEim\ No staking down required. Pull ■™ power V trees as well as stumps. Less cum- ^ jSXpwllwJ bersome than iron, easier handled, price almost as low. The only .TimwuiweN. steel grubber and it's un •TSV'reakable. We pay for three years. Write for catalog and price list. HERCULES MANUFACTURING CO., Dept. 416 Centerville, Iowa, U. S. A Pulls Stumps or Standing Trees, Clears & two acre circle with one sittings-pulls anything 1 the wire rope will reach; stumps, trees, grubs, rocks, hedges, etc. A man and a boy with one or two horses can run the COMBINATION STUMP PULLER, * Stump Anchored op Self Anchoring. A minute and a half is all It rakes fortheordinarystutnp. No heavy chains or rods. Note the strong wire rope with patent coupler — grips the rope at any point. Does not chafe rope; far ahead of old-style"take-ups." Smallest rope we furnish stands 40,000 lbs. strain. It generates immense power and it's made to stand the strain. We also make the Iron Giant Grub and Stump machine, the I. X. L. Grubber and Hawkeye Grub and Stump Machine. 'Write for free illustrated catalogue. Largest manufacturers of Stump Pullers In the World, Established 1X84. MILNE MFG. CO., 034 8th St., Monmouth, III. CATALOG THIS SHOT GUN CDCE CATALOG rntc ofthis ,-— NO HAMMER TO HAMMER SIX SHOTS IN FOUR SECONDS No unsightly and unsafe hammer to catch on the clothing or cause premature discharge il the gun falls. Noopening to catch dirt, twigs, rain or snow. Ham- a » — merless and covered mechanism. Those are the features. Seud todav for catalog. $5 TO $27 BSr5nm5nc mItm! ros T "E UNION FIRE ARMS C0.2S6 Auburntialc. Toledo, 0. Clemont Co., O., May 4, '08. I am very much pleased with the Southern Planter and renew with pleasure. RUBEN WAITS. Gloucester Co., Va., Apl. 28, '08, "We would not be without the Soutl ern Planter for anything. G. W. SMITH by ; Pla t 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1135 'Sou 1 The One and I. By Elizabeth Free- mantle. Published by Gerge W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. A pretty little story in the form of a diary. The plot is slight. The scene is laid in the Canadian North- west. A clever young English girl is engaged to a "cowboy," whom she calls "The One," but she has liter- ary aspirations, and yearns, at times, for the civilization and easy life of England; and so finds it hard to de- cide upon a life of ' r fiourishing the dish-cloth, and playing hide and seek with the eternal dustpan." An Eng- lish friend has told her that it will be "using afive-pound note, to clean a pipe-stem." "The One" is absent, but may come at any time for her answer. Whilst waiting for him, she pays visits to her friends, assists at her Father's second marriage; makes maple sugar with the Indians, and roams at will through the woods un- til the end of the story. The reader is uncertain whether love or ambition will win, but "The One" falls ill, and seems likely to die, the heroine quick- ly fnds out, that life without him, would be unendurable. The book will appeal to those who feel the "Call of the Wild." The descriptions of the woods at all seasons, and by day and night, are delicately drawn by one who evidently loves nature. The min- or characters are quaint, and the "Pippin" amusing. The book, no doubt reflects very accurately the state of mind of a clever, refined girl, called upon to choose between love with poverty on the one hand, and a life of comfort and intellectual success on the other. John C. Calhoun. By Gaillard Hunt. This is one of the American Crisis Biographies published by George W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. In this book the author endeavors to show not only the chief events in the political career of John C. Cal- houn, but his complete identification with two opposing popular move- ments, how he helped to form a broad national sentiment, the part he played in the struggle in his State against that sentiment, and his lead- ership of the triumphant sectional sentiment. He shows that as Cal- houn was a popular leader, he was dominated by popular forces, and that his power lay in his correct interpre- tation of the will of his people. To study his public life, therefore, is to study the course of public opinion in the South during a momentous period when it formed into a great move- ment to resist a greater movement. The book will be read with interest by everyone interested in the strug- gle which reached its crisis soon af- ter his death, and which has come by dispassionate historians to be treated as the effort of honest men impelled by honest motives. Always mention The Southern Planter when writing advertisers. BUY Battle Axe Shoes. Solid Made BATTLE AXE Shoes SAVE FARMERS MONEY. Their — SPLENDID STYLE COMFORTABLE FIT LONG WEAR LOW PRICE Explain why the Celebrated, Solid Made BATTLE AXE Shoes^are so widely known and called "The Farmer s Friend. *t STEPHEN PUTNEY SHOE COMPANY, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. Don't Forget that Steam is the Most Reliable Power Farmers arid planters who Install Leffel Steam Engines have no power troubles. There is no failure to start or to run — no tinkering, no coaxing, no vexatious delays. We have built thousands of Leffel Engines Fop Farm Use No planter ever thinks of exchanging tile dependable Leffel forany other kind of power He can under* stand bis Leffel Engine. Quick, easy steamers. No other style of power so economlca . The numerous styles and sizes of Leffeis lnsur^ /our getting a power that exactly fits yonr needs. Don t buy any engine till you write tor our tree book. JAMES LEFFEL & COMPANY Bex 213 Springfield. Ohio 1136 THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER [December, CLUBBING LIST In this list will be found prices en papers, magazines and periodicals which are most called for by our readers. We have club rates with nearly all reputable publications, and will quote them on request. DAILIES. WITH alone S. P. Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va $6 00 $6 00 Times-Dispatch (without Sunday) 4 00 4 00 News-Leader, Richmond, Va. 3 00 8 00 The Post, Washington D. C 6 00 6 00 The Sun, Baltimore, Md.. 3 00 8 40 THRICE A WEEK. The World, New York 1 00 1 26 WEEKLIES. Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Va. 1 00 1 26 Southern Churchman, Rich- mond, Va 2 00 2 26 Central Presbyterian, Rich- mond, Va 2 00 2 26 Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 Breeders' Gazette 2 00 1 60 Country Gentleman 16© 1 75 National Stockman and Farmer 100 100 Hoard's Dairyman 1 00 1 SO Memphis News-Scimitar. . . 50 76 Cotton Journal 1 O'O 1 00 "SEMI-MONTHLY. Kimball's Dairy Farmer.. 1 00 76 MONTHLIES. The Century 4 00 4 26 St. Nicholas 3 00 3 26 Lippincott's 2 50 2 50 Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00 Delineator 1 00 1 40 Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40 Scribner's '.-». 3 00 3 26 American 1 00 1 35 Cosmopolitan 1 00 1 36 Everybody's 1 50 1 75 Munsey 1 00 1 36 The Strand 1 20 1 60 Argosy 1 00 1 35 Review of Reviews 3 00 3 00 Field and Stream 1 50 1 60 Woman's Home Companion 1 00 1 26 Modern Farming 1 00 1 00 Reliable Poultry Journal.. 50 76 Industrious Hen 50 75 Poultry success 50 75 Blooded Stock 50 65 Successful Farming 50 60 Amer. Fruit and Nut Jour. 60 75 Southern Fruit Grower. . 60 86 Shepherd's Criterion 60 76 Commercial Poultry 60 76 When two or more publications are wanted, the price for them can be found by deducting 50 cents from "price with Southebn Planteb." We cannot, under any circum- stances, furnish sample copies of other publications. We will cheerfully quote our best price on any line of publications sub- mitted to us. You Can Cover Your Roof With Mycoroid Rubber Roofing And Then "Forget It " Because It requires no coating. It is absolutely waterproof. It is practically Fire Proof, it does not taint water Write for Samples and Booklet. We also carry a full line of Galvanized and Painted Corrugated and V Crlnii Hoofing in rolls and boxes McGRAW- YARBROUGH CO., Richmond, Va. fcei i or i 1D( ten as ern (i When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. P Hit 1908.] THE SOUTHEEN PLA> T TEE 1137 Subscription Bargains We are making a specialty this season of attractive subscription offers. We have made arrangements with a number of publishers of high-class periodicals whereby we can give you from 10 per cent, to 100 per cent, on your reading matter this winter. Read this list and show it to your neighbor and get him to join you in one of these offers. NO. 1. The Garden Magazine — Farming, Farm Journal (2 years) and The Southern Planter. 'Regular price, $2.50; our price, $1. The Garden Magazine — Farming is the most beautiful of all agricul- tural magazines. The Farm Jour- nal — well everybody knows it — is a clean, lively little paper, read by millions of farmers. NO. 2. Pictorial Review and Pattern, Ladies' World, Modern Priscilla and Southern Planter. Regular price $2.50; our price, $1.50 The first three appeal to the la- dies, but will be found interesting to the entire family. NO. 3. Farm and Fireside, three colored pictures, and "Kid" Calendar. a.r«» Southern Planter. Regular price 75c; our price, 50c. You get thirty-six helpful issues if you accept this offer. NO. 4. Southern Fruit Grower and South- ern Planter. Regular price, $1.00; our price, 50c. Surely these two monthlies are worth anyone's half dollar. NO. 5. Hen and Southern Industrious Planter. Regular price, $1.00; our price, 50c. The Hen is a breezy, up-to-date poultry monthly. We can furnish it on this offer for nothing. NO. G. Farmers' Account Book. A simple and complete record for keeping farm accounts; good for 3 or 4 years; contains valuable tables and information. Retails for 50 cents. You may have one free for a 3-year subscription to the South- ern Planter at $1.00. (Send 10c. to cover postage.) NO. 7. The Times-Dispatch, any edition, Daily and Sunday, $6; Daily, $5; or Weekly, $1, and The Southern Planter, for the price of the Times- Dispatch alone. NO. 8. The Etude, for every music lover, American Magazine and Southern Planter. Regular price $3.00; our price $2.10. NO. 9. St. Nicholas (new) McClures', Woman's Home Companion and Southern Planter. Regular price $6.25; our price $3.75. NO. 10. Everybody's, Delineator, St. Nich- olas (new) and Southern Planter. Regular price, $6.00; our price, $3.50. NO. 11. Century, St. Nicholas (new) and Southern Planter. Regular price, $7.50; our price $5.50. NO. 12. Review of Reviews, St. Nicholas (new) and Southern Planter. Regular price $6.50; our price, $3.50. NO. 13. Success, McClures', St. Nicholas (new) and Southern Planter. Regular price $6.00; our price $3.50. NO. 16. Southern Poultry Guide, or Forty Years With Poultry, and Southern Planter. Regular price, $1.50; our price, $1.00. The Southern Poultry Guide is Cal Husselman's great poultry book. It contains 150 pages of hard, com- mon sense on the poultry industry. The author has had forty years' practical experience, and knows what's what in the chicken busi- ness. The book is nicely got up, and well illustrated. NO. 14. Any $1.00 Magazine and The Southern Planter. Value $1.50, both for $1.25. NO. 15. Any $1 county paper and The Southern Planter, both for $1.10. NO. 17. Farm and Garden Hints and Southern Planter. Regular price, $1.00; our price 50c. "Farm and Garden Hints" is a 50- page booklet which we had Prof. W.' F. Massey write for us. This is a valuable little work, which will retail for 50 cents, but we will give a copy absolutely free to anyone J who will send us a new subscriber v to The Southern Planter at 50 cents. ** NO. 18. Duggar's "Agriculture" and South- ern Planter. Regular price, $1.25; our price, $1.00. This is the work which was adopted by the Department of Ed- ucation for use in public schools in Virginia. This fact alone is suffi- cient recommendation. •a- NO. 19. The Winter Lamb and Southern Planter. This book, by Jos. E. Wing, sells for 50 cents but we will give one with a 3-year subscription at $1.00. The book is neatly gotten up and is a valuable treatise on sheep. ;Ctl» .Va To avoid errors, simply order by number, enclosing amount called for. THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, RICHriOND. = - - = = VIRGINIA. I 1138 THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE [December, DETAIL INDEX. Sowing Apple and Pear Seeds 1123 To Remove Warts 1123 Pigs Coughing — Lame Colt. 1123 Restoring Fertility 1124 Fertilizer for Grass 1124 Oat Growing — Grass Seeding 1125 Alfalfa — Humus Making — Lime — Corn Growing 1126 Leg Weakness in Chickens 1128 Sheep Husbandry — Sweet Pota- toes—Irish Potatoes— Alfalfa. . .1128 Drainage — Wild Onions 1129 Sheep Husbandry 1130' Analysis of Soil — Fertilizer for Corn — Irish Potatoes — Conserv- ing the Value of Manure — Poultry Manure — To Prevent Washing of Land 1132 MULCHING STRAWBERRIES. The object of mulching strawberries during the winter is to prevent win- ter-killing caused by the freezing and thawing of the soil during an open winter. It should be applied just be- fore or directly after the ground has frozen, which will usually be the last half of November. The material used should be free from weed seeds and heavy enough to prevent its being moved by strong winds. Coarse marsh hay and straw are among the best ma- terials, while pine needles, leaves of deciduous trees, corn stalks, strawy manure and boughs of evergreen trees may be used with good results. Cover evenly and lightly so that part of the foliage may be seen through the- mulch. The finer the material, the thinner it should be applied. Over- mulching is as bad as not mulching at all. When light material is used it is advisable to apply brush or sim- ilar material to prevent lifting by heavy winds. Summer mulching retards evapor- ation, keeps the land free from weeds and provides a clean bed for the ber- ries to rest upon. The winter mulch if not too coarse, may be used for this purpose by raking a portion into the walks, leaving over the row as much as the plants can grow through. Some hand work may later be necessary in helping the plants through if the mulch is heavy or very fine. — Market Growers' Journal. Buncombe Co., N. C, June 12, '08. I like the Southern Planter the best of any of the farm papers which come to me. S. H. GIBBS. Chesterfield Co., Va., Sept. 3, '08. I have been a reader of the South- ern Planter for a good many years and expect to be a lifetime subscrib- er. C. C. CLARK. Caroline Co., Va., June 15, '08. I am very glad indeed that I sub- scribed to the Southern Planter, as 1 think it the most practical and useful paper In Its line that I ever saw. JOHN MASTERS. VICTORIA RUBBER ROOFING. Waterproof — Weatherproof. Always pliable— never hard or brittle. Any climate, all conditions. OUR PRICES WILL INTEREST YOU. SEND FOR SAMPLES. Patented and Galvanized Eoofing Sheets, Eoll Tin and Tar Paper. TIN »» TEKNE PIATE5. QALVAN1 ZED FIAT SHEETS. ROOHNO MATERlALa WUrACTURERsTjOBBERS 1104 E-CATr STREET RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. Cutting and Shredding All with one machine. "Ohio" En- silage Cutters also make efficient shred- ders. Simply remove the knives and put shredder blades in their place. A few minutes' time, no additional speed and but slight additional power required. Double value at trifling extra cost. "Ohio" Shredder Blades have pro- jecting steel teeth — no two in succes- sion travel in the same path. They split and tear corn stalks into a nicely shredded condition. Power, 2 to 15 h. p., according to size. Blower or car- rier elevators handle material perfect- ly. Our 96-page catalog sent on re- quest, "Modern Silage Methods," 224 pages, 10c. Please mention this paper. SILVER MFG. COMPANY, Salem, Ohio. Send for circular "New Model" Clo- ver Cutter and sample cut alfalfa. SHELLS EASY AND QUICK Any mini, woman — uvea a ti-year oid caiiu can. 1 an it. i eo- ufaark Hawk ' pie have beendoingit for22 years. Black Hawk Snellen " _ , „ uresowell made tuatl give repairs free. Shells 8 to 14 bu. Corn Shelters per hour. Parts built lor strain are malleable iron ; bear. iligs chilled iron. Clamped with a twist of lingers to box, barrel tub or ' bin. Mighty convenient. If your dealer can't iurnish a genuine Black Kawk, ask forpriee delivered your depot. Hooklet bYee. Write Now. Agents Wanted. A. H. PATCH, Clarksville, Tenn. Maker of Corn SheDers nnd Hand Grist Mills exclusively. PERFECTLY RESIGNED. An old Scotchman who was threat- ened with blindness consulted an ocu- list. "Will you have a little stimulant? " inquired the Doctor. The old Scotchman smacked his lips in eager anticipation. "Ou, aye, I'll tak' a drink o' any- thin' you have handy," was the quick rejofnder. "Ah, that's the trouble! " exclaimed the oculist. "You'll have to stop drinking or you'll lose your eyesight." The old chap pondered a moment. "A weel, Doctor, it doesn't much matter. I hae seen everythin' that's worth seein', anyway." 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1139 pending and the new machines have just been placed on the market by The Hercules Mfg. Co., Dept. 416, Cen- terville, Iowa. HICKORY BOTTOM ..._, P oultry Yards k SOMETHING NEW IN STUMP PULLERS. Since Bulletin No. 150, issued by the United States Agricultural Depart- ment, claims that machinery cleared land is more tillable than if cleared by explosives, renewed interest has developed in stump pullers. Three years ago the Hercules Mfg. Co., of Centerville, Iowa, placed on the market the first stump pullers made in solid steel. The weight was reduced 60 per cent, and the pulling capacity increased 400 per cent., thus the principal objection to the heavy and unwieldly iron machines used formerly was overcome. The Company has now followed up their first great advancement in stump pulling machinery by design- ing and building a new triple power puller, illustration shown herewith. It will be seen that the pulling cable is run over three pulley wheels, thus tripling the power of the rope and machines, working on the same principles as a triple tackle block. In this way it is said lighter ma chines and lighter cable may be used for heavier work than formerly. Applications for patents are now WON AT VIRGINIA STATE FAIR. 1st White Holland torn, 1st White Holland pullet, 1st Muscovy drake. ON WHITE WYANDOTTES; 3d Cock, 4th cockerel, 4th hen, 2d 3d and 4th pen (old) . R. RANDOLPH TAYLOR, Prop., R. F. D. 2. Beaver Dam, Va. YOU CAN BVY A CHEAP INCUBATOR But Is It Fire-Proof? Is It Insurable? Why Take R)*ks when you can buy a Cyphers Fire Proofed Insurable Incubator—for years the leader in hatching more and stronger chicks than any other? Our 212-page Poultry Guide Bookis full of valuable poultry information, as well as illustrated description of these In- surable Incubators. It is Free if you send us names and addresses of two acquaintances who keep poultry. CYPHERS INCUBATOR COMPANY, Buffalo, N. Y. New York City, N. Y.; Chicago, 111.; Boston, Mass.; Kansas City. Mo.; Oakland, Cal. _ A Neat Binder for vour back num- bers can be had for 30 cents. Address our Business Department. GENUINE PERUVIAN GUANO ^&. ¥ : .■? [UNTOUCHED BY THE CHEM SI OR THE MANUFACTURER FOR TOBACCO COTTON TRUCK PERUVIAN GUANO CORPORATION, S' h c a h b m l ?s?on%. 1140 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, THE CENTURY IN 1909. A series of articles on Lincoln's life and character — to include hith- erto unpublished documents from his own pen and that of one of his sec- retaries, will be one of the strong features of the Century in 1909. Fred- erick Trevor Hill has written of "The Lincoln-Douglas Debates," the fiftieth anniversary of which occurs this year; and there will be later papers on "Lincoln as a Boy Knew Him," "Lincoln as a Peace Negotiator," "Lincoln and the Theater," etc. The autobiography of Augustus Saint-Gaudens which The Century is to publish during 190'9 contains a vi- vid account of life in New York dur- ing the Civil War Period, when young Saint-Gardens was an apprentice and an ambitious student of art. Such a picture of city life from the view- point of a youth is believed to be unique in our literature. Ernest Thompson Seton's new story, "Domino Reynard of Goldur Town," the history of a silver fox J which is to be one of the fiction features of The Century in 1909, has for its pur- pose — in the author's own words — "to show the man-world how the fox- world lives — and above all to adver- tise and emphasize the beautiful mo- nogamy of the better-class Fox." Andrew Carnegie has written for The Century an article on the tariff, dealing, among other aspects of the question, with the writer's own re- lationship to tariffs present and past, especially to the duty on steel. Mrs. Alice Hegan Rice's new novel, "Mr. Opp," which is to run serially in The Century during 1909, is rich in the humor and pathos which made Mrs. Wiggs such a joy and in the hu- man quality which touches the heart. Plain-spoken neighbors call Mr. Opp a fool, he does talk too much, and his business success is always lurk- ing in some Spanish castle; but the reader forgives all and loves the quaint character for the heroism that gives up cheerily the plans of a life and the woman he loves, to care for and make happy day by day the patn- etic little half-sister whose mind is clouded from babyhood. In "Mr. Opp" Mrs. Rice has cre- ated another character that will live. The Century is to publish a series of interesting interviews, of unusual character, set down by Daniel Greg- ory Mason — records of familiar talk with notable musicians, among others, Paderewski, Gabrilowitsch, and Knei- sel. The Century has under way, for early publication, papers, from sever- al sources, which will give the pub- lic an intimate view of the methods, motives, and character of the late Grover Cleveland. The papers will include an illustrated sketch by Prof. Andrew F. West, on the ex-Presi- dent's residence at Princeton, and his interesting r.nd influential connection with the affairs of a great university. ST. NICHOLAS IN 1909. A jolly feature of St. Nicholas in 1909 will be a series of rhymes and pictures by W. W. Denslow, the illus- trator of "The Wizard of Oz," "Fath- er Goose," "The House That Ja'-.k Built," etc. "When I Grow up" will be the title of the series, which will portray the "day dreams" of an American youngster. Besides the black and white pages, each number will have two pages of "When I Grow Up" in color. That prirm favorite, Ralph Henry Barbour, has written for serial pub- lication in St. Nicholas in 1909 an- other story of the Ferry Hill young folks' fun and adventures, "Captain Chub." "Dick," Harry," and "Roy" are all in it; but "Chub" will be the hero. Bradley Gilman, a classmate of President xtoosevelt at Harvard, has written a story of adventure in Egypt called "A Son of the Desert,'' which will Le published serially in St. Nicholas in 1909. A young Amer- ican lad is a leading character; and the narrative has, among other inci- dents of stirring interest, an account of a terrific sand-storm, and a cap- ture by brigands who are outwitted wmsBm WHIRLWIND """""* SILO FILLER your Silo with any Pow- er from 4 H-Pup. Will cut or shred green or dry fodder and cut hay or straw. Our cat- , alog explains why Whirl" winds succeed where others fail. Carried in stock at principal trans- fer points. Pamphlet, — "How and Why to Fill a Silo," sent free. Wilder-Strong Implement Co, Boi 82 Monroe, Mich. Ill III T T r " USEffiEKE;' lS»»^.»»».»'. » 'l ' ^t ' ».'v». « « « .l»'"»''.'A'. 5 ^-^^-^ -- - —- S5SSS *» EVERYTHING USED ON THE FARM. Farming Machinery, Vehicles, Harness. tt A Few Seasonable Implements: "ONTARIO" AND "PENNSYLVANIA GRAIN DRILLS. WILDER-STRONG "WHIRL\% IND" SILO FILLER. "SWISS" FODDER AND FEED CUTTERS. "McVICKER' GASOLINE ENGINES. "NEW HOLLAND" AND "PEERLESS" FEED GRINDERS. HORSE POWERS AND CORN AND COB GRINDERS COMBINED. "THORNHILL" AND TENNESSEE" FARM WAGONS. "ANDERSON" BUGGIES, SURREYS, AND RUNABOUTS. CORN BINDERS, TWINE AND OIL. WOOD SAWING OUTFITS. Write for Circular and Prices on Anything Needed. W. K. BACHE, SONS & MULF0RD. J 406 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. W. K. BACHE. S. S. MULFORD. HARDIN It. BACHE. CYRUS McC. BACHE Greatest Capacity. Least Power. 8 to 10 Tons. Green Corn Per Hour. 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1141 by an exposion of dynamite, and a subterranean escape. Specially for the girl readers of St. Nicholas in 1909 will be a story by Mary Constance Du Bois, "The Lass of the Silver Sword," the scenes laid first in a girls school, and later in a girl's camp in the Adirondacks. A promising new feature of St. Nicholas the coming year will be a two-page department to be called "The Cosy Cooking Club," conducted by Charlotte Brewster Jordan. The recipes will be given in easy rhyme, with, of course, a brief prose list of ingredients; and will cover simple dainties specially appropriate to the season. THE AMERICAN REVIEW OF ' REVIEWS FOR 1909. "The German Empress," frontis- piece. "The Progress of the World." "Record of Current Events," with portraits. "Some American and For- eign Cartoons." Grenfell of Labra- dor," by P. T. McGrath, with portrait and other illustrations. "New York's First Budget Exhibit," by William H. Allen, with illustrations. "George Gray Barnard: A Virile American Sculptor," by Ernest Knaufft, with il- lustrations. Alaska's Railroad De- velopment," by Frederick H. Chase, with illustrations. "Th Coal Re- sources of Alaska," by Guy Elliott Mitchell, with illustrations. "High- Pressure Fire Protection," by Herbert T. Wade, with illustrations. "A Na- tional Corn Exposition," by Will A. Campbell, with portraits and other il- lustrations. "The National Movement for American Music, by Arthur Far- well. "Loans on Salaries and Wages," by Samuel McCune Lindsay. "Que- bec, Britain's French Empire in America," by Louis E. Van Norman, illustrated with maps. "Leading Art- icles of the Month," wi*h portraits and other illustrations. "Leading Fin- ancial Articles. 'Some Books of the Holiday Season," with illustrations. "The Season's Books for Children," with illustrations. THE CHRISTMAS LIPPINCOTT'S. With the approach of Christmas, everybody ought to be in a joyous irood, even if everybody isn't, so let uj away with gloom and melancholy, and have about us only reading mat- ter that is cheerful in tone and atune with the holiday season. The Decem- ber Lippincott's provides just the sort of entertainment to put you in good humor. The complete novel is a hu- morous mystery story entitled "Seven Days," by Mary Robert Rinehart, v hose book "The Circular Staircase" now ranks as one of the season's best sellers. Mrs. Rinehart has chosen for the theme of her latest story the mis- haps and adventures of a number of society folk — and a few others — who suddenly find themselves quarantined, owing to the illness of a servant, in a house where the society folk have gone to dine. Some of the complica- tions are due to the presence of a young couple who have been divorced but are still in love with each other; the ex-husband's spinster aunt, who has a horror of divorce, and is una- ware of the rift in their matrimonial lute; a girl who rashly undertakes to impersonate the wife, to spare the aunt's feelings — this before the ex- wife appears on the scene; and a young man who is unaware of the de- ception and falls in love with the supposed wife. All sorts of weird happenings take place in this "house of too much trouble" during their im- prisonment. A diamond bracelet, a pearl necklace, and other valuables mysteriously disappear, the telephone wires are cut, and one of the women guests is brutally embraced and kissed by a person unknown. Alto- gether, there ire enough amusing sit- uations for a dozen stories. Among the notable offerings other than fiction are a witty and amusing paper on "Irish Courtship," by the famous Irish humorist, "Seumas Mc- Manus; "The Nativity," a beautiful miracle play in blank verse, by Chas. L. O'Donnell, a delightful sketch called "The 'Truly' Christmas," by Edward L. Sabin; a very funny dis- course on "Anatomy for Beginners," 2)on*t Shi per Just scratch a match — light the Perfection Oil Heater — and stop shivering. Wherever you have a room that's hard to heat — that the furnace doesn't reach — there you'll need a (Equipped with Smokeless Device) Just the thing for blizzard time or between seasons. Its genial glowing heat makes any room cheerful and cozy. No smoke — no smell — smokeless device prevents. Brass font holds 4 quarts of oil burning 9 hours. Finished in japan and nickel. Every heater warranted. The J^Qft/O Lamp § ives a . restm '> steady, soft light which is so much •*»***' appreciated by workers and students. Made of brass, nickel plated, with the latest improved central draft burner. Every lamp warranted. Write our nearest agency for descriptive circular if your dealer cannot supply the Perfection Oil Heater or Rayo Lamp. STANDARD OIL, COMPANY (Incorporated) 1142 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, by Thomas L. Masson; a strikingly beautiful Christmas poem, "Jesus unto Mary," by Chester Firkins, and other contributions. THE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF • HAMS. Mary Washington. It is a generally conceded fact that Virginia produces the finest hams in the world, as superior to the gross, swill-fed porkers of Cincinnati and Chicago as the nectar of the gods is to common beer. The delicate fla- vor so highly esteemed by epicures is largely due to letting the hogs feed on clover and mast until six weeks before they are killed, when they should be put up and fed on corn. Great size and fat are to be carefully avoided. You will get the most deli- cately flavored hams from a bog weighing not more than 150 pounds, and not over a year old. If you have buttermilk to spare, you will find it pays you well to give it to your hogs. It produces a delicate fat and a finer flavor. The hogs should be cut out the next day after killing, and the hams and shoulders rubbed with a teaspoon- ful each of saltpetre and powdered borax. The first gives the meat a pretty red color, and the second acts as a preservative against insects. Next the hams and shoulders should be rubbed thoroughly and plentifully with salt, and lastly with a mixture of molasses, brown sugar and black pepper. A touch of Cayenne pepper also will not be amiss, both kinds of pepper being ground. Then pack them away, and let them remain un- disturbed for a month or six weeks. In moderate weather a month will suffice for the salt and seasoning to strike in, but in very cold weather six weeks will be better. Put them in a dry place, else they are apt to mould, especially if there should be much rain. When you unpack the hams and shoulders, lay them out singly for a few days, so they may dry off before you bag them. If the seasoning does not seem to have taken well, rub on a little more. I also think it is a good plan to rub on another teaspoonful of borax before bagging them. I have found this the best device I have ever tried for keeping off insects. Make bags of coarse, unbleached cotton and bag your hams, tie them up securely and hang them before the cold of winter relaxes and the insects begin to stir, and lay their eggs. In a mild win- ter, they will begin to do this by the middle of February. You will make your hams still more secure if you will wrap a large newspaper, or sheet of wrapping paper around them be- fore putting them in the bags. It is not desirable to have your smoke- house light and sunny, but better to have it cool and dark. From my own experience, I should say that smok- ing is unnecessary. It may possibly add to the keeping of a ham, but not to its flavor. An unsmoked ham has, to my taste and that of many others, a finer flavor than a smoked one. I made this discovery by pure acci- dent. In my early housekeeping days it was not convenient for me to have a smoke-house, and during this time my hams had such a peculiarly de- licious flavor that when I, at length, got a smoke-house, I simply used it to hang the meat in, and never smoked it. The mode of cooking a ham has a good deal to do with its excellence. It should be put on in a boiler of cold water, cooked slowly and left in the boiler till the next day. In this way it will reabsorb some of the juices given out in the boiling pro- cess. It should then be skinned, and stale bread (preferably beaten bis- cuit) grated over it. Then it should be set in the stove a few minutes 1908 1908 In the Stud AT THE GROVE FARM Bnrkevllle, Va. THE GENERAL2nd. IMPORTED HACKNEY STALLION. Magnificent chestnut horse, over 16.2 hands In height; weight 1250 pounds; with superh conformation, grand ac- tion and perfect manners. He was Im- ported by H. K. Bloodgood, the noted hackney breed«r. of Massachusetts, es- pecially for use In the stud. His get, which are very fine specimens, may be seen at The Grove Farm. Fee for the fall season of 1908, $li; ■Ingle leap $10, due at time of service. Address T. O. Swody, Dr. John Yonng or Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough, Owners. BURKEV1LLE, VA. N. B. We are offering for sale at at- tractive prices, two y«ang hackney stallions, one and two years old, both registered and splendid Individuals. CAN CANCER BE CURED? IT CAN. We wast every man and woman In the United States to know what we are doing — we are curing Can- cere. Tumors and Chronic Sores without the use of the knife or by X-Ray, and are endorsed by the Senate and Legislature of Virginia. We Guarantee Our Cures. KELLAM HOSPITAL 1615 West Main St., Richmond, Va. FRED C. KELLAM, President. H. G. CARTER. W. J. CARTER. H. Q. CARTER & CO., Successors to F. H. DEANB & CO. HAY, GRAIN, MILL-FEED AND FLOUR. 1105 East Cary Street, RICHMOND, VA. 1908. 1008. In the Stud, HACKNBJT STAXX.ION. PATRICK HENRY. Chestnut horse by "Squire Rlckel," ton of the famous Cadet: dam, "Mar- lorle," a gold medal winner by "Rose- berry." A POLLARD * SONS, R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va. Dun raven Stock Farm, The Ainslie Carriage Company, Nos. 8, 10 and 12 South 8th Street, Richmond, Virginia. Designers and builders of fine pleas- ure and business vehicles. Large as- sortment of carriages, buggies, wagons, etc. Repairing a specialty. Estimates Promptly Furnished. WEALTH, 20570. Record 2il0 Bay horse, 16 hands; weight 1,100 pounds, by Gambttta Wilkes, world's leading sire of standard performers, with over 20f In the list; dam Mag- nolia, by Norfolk, 3670, sire of Miss Nelson, 2:11%, etc. Wealth combines fine size and good looks, ^lth great natural speed. Fee — $26 Insurance. Address: I. J. COFFIN, R. F. D. tio. 5, Richmond, Va. Stallion cards, folders and catalogs compiled; pedigrees of trotters and thoroughbred horses traced. My libra- ry includes Year Books, Trotting Reg- isters, Stud Books, Files of turf jour- nals and other references. Special attention to registration of horses. Address W. J. CARTER, 1105 E. Cary Street, Richmond, Va. or, 1102 Hull St., Manchester, Va. Representing The Tlmes-Dispateh and Southern Planter, Richmond, Va.; The Trotter and Pacer, New York; The Horseman, Chicago, 1111.; The American Horse Breeder, Boston, Mass. DR. FRAZER A. SMITH, Veterinary Surgeon. Office and hospital, 14 South 10th St Richmond, Va. WOODLAWN STOCK FARM Hunters, jumpers, high class harness horses and Shetland Ponies for sale. The Woodlawn herd of Shetlands la headed by the prize winning stallion, Governor Glenn, fee $16 season. I am offering some choice Shetland brood mares at reasonable prices. Address, HARRY C. DEATTIK, Woodlawn Farm, Richmond, Va. ? 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1143 n THE IMPLEMEMT COMPANY 1302 East Main St., Richmond, Va. Headquarters for the best in f/^ff IMPLEMENTS. Implements that work easy and wear well are the kind we sell. Our Descriptive Catalogue is one of the best and most complete of implement catalogues. Every Farmer should have a copy. Mailed free on request. AMERICAN POLE SAWS For cord wood or long poles. Furnished with bal- ance wheel beneath frame if so wanted. CASE STALK CUTTERS. The strongest and most service- able cutter on the market. Made extra heavy to give the weight necessary to do perfect work. OHIO .FEED .AND ENSILAGE CUT- TERS. Combine the Fence and the Hog* and get the Dollars AmericanDoHarsf For hand or power Furnished with or without Carrier or Blower. Special cat- alogue telling all abuot them sent free to any address. Buckeye Feed Mills and Powers, for grinding ear corn or small grain. The best mill for Dairymen. It leads all others in fast grinding, in lightness of draft, In strength, in durability and especially in being the best 2-Horse Power for oper- ating Feed Cutters, Corn Shollers, Wood Saws, or any other light run- ning machinery. '< GALVANIZED HEAVY GAUGE V-CRIMP ROOFING. Makes the most economical and durable roofing known. Never requires painting or any attention after laid and requires no tools except a ham- mer to put it on. Heavy gauge painted V-Crimp and also best grades of rubber roofing In stock at lowest prices. THE IMPLEMENT CO., 1302 East Main Street, RICHMOND, VA. Bickford & Huffman Grain Drills, Peerless Gasoline Engines, Farquhar Engines, Saw Mills, Ellwood Poul- try, Rabbit and Garden Fencing, Mandy Lee Incubators and Brooders, Iron Age Farm and Garden Toos, Farm Wagons, Buggies, Harness, Barb Wire, Etc. *= 3144 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER [December, for this coating to brown. It will then be "A dainty dish to set before a king." If you have some delicate middling and will rub on it the same prepara- tion you put on the hams, and bag it similarly (dividing larger pieces of middling into two) you will have home-cured meat just as nice as the breakfast bacon you buy at a high price from your grocer. In connection with the subject of hams, I will say a few words about the jelly stock prepared from the hog's feet. This makes far nicer jelly than gelatine, though, on the other hand, it is much more troublesome. The feet should be dropped into a tub of cold water, and stand there sev- eral days, if the weather is cold enough, otherwise the time will have to be shortened. Each day the water should be changed, and the feet well scraped with a sharp knife. They should be nice and white by the third day, and they should then be boiled in a large ham boiler (without salt, of course,) the feet taken out when tender, and the juices strained and poured into a large bowl, or bowls. I used to feel compelled to make up this stock in a hurry for fear of its tainting till I hit upon a simple ex- periment which enabled me to keep it more than twice as long. A de- posit of oil (commonly known as neat's foot oil, I believe,) rises to the surface of the jelly stock, forming a thick coating when it is thoroughly cold. Instead of skimming off this at once, I adopted the plan of leav- ing it till just as I was ready to make the jelly, and as it made the stock impervious to the air, I kept it per- fectly sound for many days, espec- ially when kept in a cold place. When skimmed off this oil, which is very delicate, is nice to rub on harness, melted before applying it. Home- made jelly stock makes delightful charlotte russe, as well as jelly, if it is nice and light colored. A pint of it will answer for a quart of cream. Use the whites of six eggs stiffly frothed. Dissolve the jelly stock in a tea cup of fresh milk, boiling hot, and when it becomes lukewarm, drop it slowly into the cream (stiffly frothed) and the eggs, to which add a teacup of sugar and teaspoonful of vanilla. Then pour into a bowl, or bowls, and set in a cold place. For a family of five or six persons, you may halve the above proportions, as both the cream and whites of eggs double their bulk when beaten. It seems strange that any part of so gross an animal as the hog can enter into the composition of such a deli- cious and fairy-like dessert; also it seems strange that this animal should furnish part of the material for such a terrific explosition as nitro-glycer- ine. Truly, the hog is a versatile genius. I recently came across a brilliant 'bon-mot" in connection with the hog. Sir Moses Montifiore, the eminent Jewish philanthropist, happened to be in company with an ill-bred man who was running down Jews. The latter suddenly checked himself, exclaiming "But I must stop. Sir Moses looks as if he could eat me up." "Oh, no," exclaimed Sir Moses. "The tenets of my religion forbid it." The above illustration shows Miss Phillis Hunt, of Iowa, engaged in loading corn fodder on an Electric Handy Wagon made by The Electric Wheel Co., Quincy, 111. This young lady, according to reports, likes^ nothing better than loading and hauling corn fod- der on these low wagons. She is about 16 years old and weighs 110 pounds and thinks she is able to haul as much corn fodder on a Handy Wagon in one day, as a full grown man can haul on the ordinary high wagon in the same length of time. Miss Hunt, however, according to her letter, is not willing to undertake to haul all the corn fodder and it would be useless for any of our young farmer readers to imagine that they could avoid all this work, by contracting a matrimonial alliance- with Miss Hunt. . *> ^ ^'■ <3^3^ l g '^ "J^ | y^iM l ^i^ l '^> ' ^^^^i^^ i M < II NEW IDEA MANURE SPREADER. Built like a wagon — Axles same length. Tires 4 Inches wide — Best on earth. Write for special offer on first machine sold in each county of our territory. jj ^ Tornado Feed Cutters BOTH HAND AND POWER. Biggest Investment You Can Make. Will Cut 3 Lengths. Lightest Draft— Steady Running-. Write for free Catalog. Fairbanks-Morse Gasoline and Ke-osene Engines, Wind-Mills, Towers, Tanks, New Mills, Wood Saws, Owensboro and Buckeye Farm Wagons, Hickory and Peters Bu sel and Genuine Dixie Plows and Repairs, J. I. Case Portable and Traction Engines, Separators. POSTAL US FOR CATALOGUES OR ANY INFORMATION DRSTRKD. Hollond Corn and Cob 5 ies and Carriages, Bis- F. C. HOENNIGER &. BRO., INC. 1 432 East Main Street Richmond, Va. (F. C Hoennlger, Pre*. 4 Tree.; T. W. Hoennlger, V.-Pr*m. & Mgr.; L. O. Boone. 8ecy.) 1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 1145 LEADING 1908 UP-TO-DATE LABOR SAVING TWENTIETH CENTURY MACHINERY. We carry in stock all sizes and styles of Scientific Mills. The No. 20 Power Mil THE SIMPLEX PRESS. Simplex Little Giant Baling Press lor farmers' own use. Has large ca- pacity. Write for prices and cata- logue. a jorn tsom offlm for &*£ os »afltt*g» wttb THE BOSS 8fB»liag» W'*«toln<»rjr, '5a*qoiiil«d la mason*^ ties &n<3 catting %uj*y, Blur £ in. 11^ in. llj^ in. 6 in. 7^ in. 8>| in. 9 fc 6 in. 9 ft. 6 in 9 ft. 6 in. 20 JO 2500 2700 $44.40 45 60 46.80 $37 80 39.00 40.20 ONE HORSE STEEL AXLE WAGON With Double Box, Spring Seat and Shafts. 2B1798 IB I 800 m > 7 VyjZ. 5-16 %y. x 2 in. 3J4 x 2 in. 3% x 8 in. I i ft. x 8 In. | 9% in. 9 : ^ln. 4X in. 4% in. 7 ft. i 7 ft. 6 in. 6 in. H00 1800 $27 75 28 80 $23. 40 $24 60 STEfcL AXLE TWO HOKSE WAGONS COMPLETE. 1^X3^ V-A. x 7-16 l&x ^ 2B1802. 281804 2B1806 . 1% x 8% 3 ft. 4 in. 3 ft. 4 In. 3 ft. 4 in. 4 ft. 4 ft. 4 ft. 11)4 In. ll!4in. 11^ In. 6 in. 8^in. 9 ft. 6 in. 9 ft. 6 in. 9 ft. 6 In. 2000 •2.TO0 2700 $46 80 48 00 49.20 $40 20 41.40 42 60 WAQON EXTRAS Shafts, for one horse wagon, complete Body Brakes^ for sne horse wagon, complete. Gear Brakes, for one horse wagon, complete. Oear Brakes, two horse wagon, complete Li.rk Chains, two horse wagons, complete... S.4© each 2.75 each S.4* each 4.S0 each .47 each Our Guarantee Will make good any and all breaks due to defective workman- ship and material which appears in the first year after purchase. SPOTLESS CO., INC., 122 SHOCKOE SQUARE RICHMOND, VA. LABOR SAVING IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY. THE WATT PLOW CO., Richmond, Va. Smalley Elec- tric Pole Saw. Equally adap- ted for sawing wood and poles up to 16 feet in length. Smalley Cut- ters, Snappers and Huskers furnished with blower or ele- vators . No. Hi Smalley i Hand or Power Feed Cutter. The best hand power cutter on the mar- ket. It has 2I1| steel kniveswhich make a down cut. Fish, Moline, and Weber 2 horse Wagons. Champion and Hickory 1 borse wagons. Root and Vandervort and Alamo Gasoline Engines from 2 to 25 Horse Pow- er. Circular furnished on request. Chattanooga Revers ible Disc Plows made in 2 & 3 horse sizes. Acme Harrow Made entirely of steel a n d . iron, It crushes, cuts, turns, smooths, and levels all in one Success Manure Spreader. Has operation. Roller Bearings to lessen draft We give special attention to our mail order business and invite your correspondence. THE WATT PLOW CO., RICHMOND, VA. 1426 East Main Street. J 438 East Franklin Street. Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company When you put the life insurance agent off with the promise of next week, next month or next year, do you ever reflect how very uncertain it is whether he can do you any good then? If you are alive when the time comes around, and want the company, the company may not want you. Any one of a dozen things may turn up to disqualify you for insurance. That Cough may return, or your weight may increase or decrease beyond the limits or added to a none too good family record, some of your near relatives may have been carried off by a prejudicing malady. '• »**.* It is a good day when the Man and Company both conclude they want each other and "Everybody wants the Northwestern now " SEE OUR AGENT NOW OR WRITE TO ME FOR RATES. T. ARCHIBALD GARY, Gen. Agent for Va. and N. C, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, 601 Mutual Assurance Building, Richmond, Va. Society - - Corrugated V-Crimp Roofing' - - painted and galvanized "Bestoid" Rubber Roofing Carey's Magnesia Cement Roofing Tarred Paper, Tin Plate, Lime, Ce- ment, Hardware, Terra Cotta Pip.?, Wire Pence, Drain Tile, etc. SEND FOR CATALOGUE 1557 E. MAIN ST., RICHMOND, VA. STEEL PLOW DOUBLETREEsT Send for Our Number 8 Catalogue BALDWIN & BROWN. THE EVERLASTING TUBULAR Guaranteed Inot to Break or Bend. Furnished with Hook or Ring for Plow Mnssle. also Traces. We manufacture a complete line of Dou- bletrees, Singletrees, and Neck Yokes of every description. for 1909. Get acquainted with our complete line. THEIR USE SPELLS ECONOMT. Ask Your Dealer for Them and Take no Other. This Pattern, No. 105, made In three J^MIubul^^ Pittsburg. Pennsylvania FERTILIZERS FOR FALL~CROPS~ LEE'S PREPARED AGRICULTURAL LIME Old Reliable for Wh eat, Oats, Rye, Clover, Alfalfa and Grasses. LEE'S SPECIAL WHET FERTILIZER Continues in favor for Wheat and Oats on thin land Excellent stands of Clover and Grass secured wh en Seeded with Wheat. LEE'S HIGH GRADE BONE AND POTASH Good for Turnips, Cabbage and other Vegetables. IMPORTED THOMAS~BASkTsLAG PHOSPHATE A. S. LEE & SONS CO., Inc WRITE ROR circulars dept. a , ' SHOCKOE SLIP, RICHMOND, VA.