The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts. — XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. — SULLY. 



69th Year. 



RICHMOND, VA., SEPTEMBER, 1908. 



No. 9. 



Farm Management. 



. WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

When we wrote our article, "Work for the Month," for 
the August issue we were beginning to feel the effects of 
two or three weeks of dry, hot weather, and had complaints 
from many sections of the South of damage being done to 
crops. We intimated at the time that' we thought there 
were indications of rain near at hand. This fortunately 
came pretty generally over this State, and also in North 
Carolina, and the last week in July and the first week 
in August gave water enough to save the crops for this 
year even had no more come, and yet we had no destructive 
floods. This wet period was followed by two weeks of 
high temperature, and crops made a wonderful growth 
and now bid fair to make at least average yields. At this 
writing (21st August) we have showery weather and a 
cooler temperature, but yet very seasonable for the corn 
and forage crops, and it is putting the land into fine 
working order for the seeding of grass and the fall grain 
crops. 



The Government report on the condition of crops places 
the yield of winter wheat at an average of 14 bushels per 
acre, or a total of 425,940,000 bushels, which compares 
with 14.6 bushels per acre and 409,442,000 bushels last year. 
From reports from various sections of the country as to 
threshing results, we are strongly of opinion that this 
will prove to be an overestimate of the yield of the winter 
wheat crop, and we adhere to our estimate made in the 
last issue, that the crop will not greatly, if at all, exceed 
400,0'00,000 bushels. According to the Government report 
on the spring wheat crop the condition on August 1st was 
80% of a normal, as compared with 79 per cent, a year ago, 
and a ten-year of 82.70. Since the date of this report there 
have been reports of considerable injury to the crop from 
rust and drouth in many parts, and the indications are that 
the next report will show considerable deterioration in 
condition and the prospect of a much smaller crop than 
was anticipated. We are of opinion that this crop will not 
be much larger than that harvested last year — 225,000,000 
bushels. It may reach 235,000,000 bushels. The total 
wheat crop may therefore be conservatively estimated at 



035,000,000' bushels, or perhaps it may reach the total of 
last year's crop if no further serious damage is done the 
spring wheat The price on the markets indicates that in 
the judgment of the public the crop is not an excessive one, 
and that it will all be needed, but not so badly needed 
as to cause the price to advance materially, say not much, 
if any, beyond $1.00 per bushel. It is now selling around 
90 cents. If Canadian and European crop prospects had 
not been so promising generally the price of wheat here 
would tend to be much higher, but Canada has an excel- 
lent prospect, and is now so large a producer as tohave 
a very material influence on prices. The Etiglish crop is 
an average one, whilst the European continent has prom- 
ise of better yields than last year; hence the demands for 
these countries will not exceed the normal. The great 
peculiarity in the wheat crop this year is the failure of 
the threshing returns to come up to expectations, as indi- 
cated by the growing crop. We have had complaints from 
all sections of this State and the South that crops which 
looked like making 20 bushels to the acre did not in many 
cases make more than half this yield, and rarely went 
beyond 15 bushels. We note the same complaint in other 
sections of the country. The cause is difficult to assign, 
but we are of opinion that it is climatic and mainly the 
result of wet weather at the blooming time, causing de- 
fective pollination of the grain. 



The condition of the oat crop on August 1 was 76 per 
cent, of normal as compared with 85 last month, 75 on 
August 1 last year, and a 10-year average of 83. This 
means that the crop, like that of last year, is going to be 
much below the average and the price will likely keep 
flrm, and have also the effect of keeping up the price of 
corn. 



The condition of the corn crop on August 1 was 82 per 
cent, of a normal as compared with 82 per cent, last year, 
and a ten-year average of 83. This would indicate a total 
crop of something like 2,650,000,000 bushels as against 2,- 
600,000',000 last year. Reports, however, from wide sec- 
tions of the country seem to indicate that this is an ex- 



768 



THE SOUTHEEIT PLANTER 



[September, 



cessive estimate, and that the probabilities are that the 
crop will not exceed that of last year, even if it reaches 
that. There does not seem much chance of corn becoming 
lower in price for some time to come. Here in the South 
we have promise of an average crop, but as we fail to 
make the corn needed to meet our demands, this will not 
avail us to prevent a comparatively high price for the 
grain. 



Looking over these reports and considering their im- 
port it would seem that there is truth in the statement 
that the day of low prices for grain of all kinds is past. 
Demand has caught up with production, and unless farm- 
ers bestir themselves and make efforts to secure greater 
yields per acre by better methods, the people of the coun- 
try will either have to curtail consumption or still further 
increase the cost of living, which is now higher than ever 
before known. We rejoice that farmers are now able to 
secure such prices for their products as to make produc- 
tion profitable, and should regret much to see a reversion 
to prices common, say, ten years ago. Unless better 
methods of production are introduced more generally 
amongst farmers and greater economy observed in hus- 
banding and increasing the fertility of the farms, we shall 
soon be at that time which has been predicted when the 
people of this country will have to look to other countries 
to provide them with a large part of the necessaries of life. 
Population increases at the rate of a little over 2 per 
cent, per annum, while the area under cultivation in crops 
increases but little, and even that little is more than offset 
by the decrease in fertility of land which has long been un- 
der cultivation. The farmer of the past has been a soil 
robber, and the farmer of the present is still but little 
better. There is a bright future for the farmer of to-day 
who has attained such skill in his business that he can 
grow profitable crops and at the same time maintain the 
fertility of his land. The demand for products by the 
nations of the old world grows daily and the limit of pro- 
duction in those nations has been nearly reached. The 
only source of supply outside this nation is from Canada 
and the Argentine, and as yet these two countries have not 
the population to enable them to produce sufficient to meet 
the demands made by the old world nations. The prob- 
lem of the farmer to-day in this country is to so master 
the science of agriculture as to enable him to meet the de- 
mands, not only of our own ever-increasing population, 
but that of the old world. This can be done, as we do 
not produce half the yields our lands are capable of pro- 
ducing. This increased production does not mean de- 
creased prices for the products for the reasons stated, and 
there is therefore every inducement to strive for this. We 
are at the beginning of a new crop seeding year. The 
land to be seeded in wheat is now to be prepared to fit it 
for the crop. Let each farmer enter upon this task with 
a determination to make the preparation better than ever 
before, and so continue with every crop to be raised on the 
farm. There will be a demand for every additional bushel 
that can be grown. 



Large crops of hay and forage have already been saved 
and the weather we have had is bringing on other large 
crops. See that constant attention is given to the sav- 



ing of these as they mature. The demand for live stock 
is good at high prices and is likely to continue so, and 
Southern farmers should put themselves into a position 
to help to meet this demand. In the past we have wasted 
millions of tons of feed which should have gone into live 
stock. Formerly it did not pay to save this now there is 
a good profit in properly utilizing it. Let us put ourselves 
into a position to keep our meat house at home and not 
be dependent on the West. At this time of the year the 
forage crops require more care and attention in the cur- 
ing than earlier in the season, but with proper attention 
a better quality of feed can be made than when the sun 
is so hot as to scorch and burn the leaves in the process 
of curing. 



The filling of the silos will call for attention this month. 
The silo is now making headway on our farms all over 
the State and we hear of more new ones being built this 
year than ever before. The silo is the cheapest barn that 
a farmer can build. In it he can save more of his feed 
at less cost than in any other way and have it in a form 
which makes it acceptable to stock, and productive of bet- 
ter results, besides being much more economical to han- 
dle in the feeding. It is equally profitable on ftie dairy 
and the beef farm. More milk and more beef can be made 
at less cost from feeding silage than from feeding dry 
forage. Let the corn and sorghum crops become nearly 
mature before putting them in the silo. A better quality 
of silage can be made from matured products than from 
green and immature crops. If peas and soy beans are to 
be put into the silo they also should be as nearly matured 
as possible. When using these crops for this purpose 
they make better silage when mixed with the corn and 
sorghum as it is cut into the silo than when siloed by 
themselves. Mixed at the rate of one-third peas or soy 
beans, and two-thirds corn or sorghum a balanced ration 
will be made which will be found to yield excellent re- 
sults in the feeding. Do not fill the silo too fast. It 
is better to cut half a day and fill half a day than to hurry 
it all in at once. The silage will heat and cure better, 
and the silo will hold much more. See that the sides 
are packed closely, so as to leave no pockets of air, and 
have the cut ears equally distributed over the silo. These 
have a tendency to accumulate under the carrier unless 
attended to. When filled cover with cut straw, or swale 
hay to the depth of a foot, and water this freely and it 
will pack and fill with mould and preserve the silage. 



The seeding of alfalfa should be done this month. In 
our last issue we said something on this subject, and in 
this issue will be found two articles further dealing with 
it. We want to see every farmer in the State experiment 
with it, but do not wish to see them waste money in sow- 
ing a large area until they have demonstrated that they 
can grow it successfully. We believe that it can be grown 
all over the State when conditions have been made suitable 
for it, but it is useless to attempt to grow it on poor land 
or on land without a large percentage of lime in its com- 
position. You cannot give alfalfa land too much lime. 



The seeding of grass and clover should be finished this 
month. In our last issue we wrote fully on this subject. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



.769 



and to that issue refer our readers. Sow grass and clover 
alone if you want a good permanent stand which will be 
profitable from the start. Do not sow grain of any kind 
with it. 



The winter oat crops should be seeded this month. In 
our last issue we wrote on this subject, and refer our 
readers to what we then said. The oat crop throughout 
the country has again made a reduced yield, and the price 
of oats is likely to remain good for another year at least, 
and probably for several years, as we have now had two 
short crops. We believe that it will pay Southern farm- 
ers better to grow oats in most sections than wheat. A 
heavier crop of oats can be made on poorer land than 
wheat. Oats will also usually pay better for liberal fer- 
tilization than wheat. The mistake usually made in the 
South in growing oats is seeding them too late, and not 
giving them sufficient help with fertilizer and manure, 
and in not putting them sufficiently deep in the ground. 
The mineral fertilizers should be used liberally at seed- 
ing, and manure and nitrate of soda be applied as a top 
dressing in the winter and spring. Use 150 to 250 pounds 
of acid phosphate previous to sowing, and top dress with 
manure liberally during the winter, and if this be not 
available top dress with 100 pounds of nitrate of soda 
in the spring when the oats begin to grow freely. The 
Virginia Grey winter oat is the best for seeding at this 
time. Later the Appier, the Burt and the Texas Rust- 
Proof are more certain in their yield. These may be sown 
in February and March. 



The work of preparing the land for the seeding of wheat 
should have constant attention as opportunity offers dur- 
ing this month. October is soon enough to sow the seed. 
Wheat succeeds best on loam or clay lands, well filled with 
fertility, and the soil should be deeply broken early, and 
thus have time to become compacted again before the seed 
is sown. Wheat never succeeds on land which is loose 
and open below the top three inches. But at the same 
time it must have been broken deeply enough to allow 
of perfect drainage, and the holding of sufficient moisture 
to keep the plant supplied during the period of growth. 
After having been thus deeply broken, the better it is 
compacted so as to give firm roothold to the crop, the 
more likely is the crop to succeed. Therefore, after hav- 
ing plowed the land well commence the cultivation of it 
with the harrow and roller, and keep this up at intervals 
of a week or ten days, until time to sow the seed. More 
depends upon the perfect preparation of the land before 
the seed is sown than upon the fertilizer used; therefore, 
see that attention is given to it. The small yield se- 
cured on many farms this year has caused us to be inun- 
dated with enquiries as to what fertilizer to use to cause 
a better filling of the ears in the future. 

On our best wheat farms the production of straw has 
been heavy, but the ears have filled badly. Whilst we 
think that much of this trouble was caused by climatic 
condition^ at the blooming time, yet there is no doubt that 
we need to study the question of the fertilizer to be used 
with more care than we have done. We have spent many 
hours reading the reports of the experiments made in the 
production of wheat in various sections of this country 



and in England in order that we might, if possible, help 
in the solution of this difficulty. We confess that we have 
derived but little satisfaction from this labor. Wherever 
farmyard manure has been used as the fertilizer good re- 
sults have almost universally been secured, but the diffi- 
culty in the South is that there is a scarcity on nearly 
all farms of this manure. Where farmyard manure and 
raw or acid phosphate has been used the results have also 
been generally satisfactory. The use of commercial fer- 
tilizers on worn land, deficient in humus and in bad physi- 
cal condition are shown to have been practically a total 
loss wherever tried. This emphasizes the fact that a high 
humus content in the soil and a good physical condition 
are essential elements of success. To secure these cow- 
peas grown as a preceding crop, and cut into the land have 
been found very profitable. On such land the application 
of raw or acid phosphate, or bone meal will almost in- 
variably give good results. Lime also seems to have a 
good effect in that it puts the land into a better physical 
and mechanical condition. In our own experience we 
always applied lime when preparing the land for wheat. 
It should be used at the rate of from one to two tons to 
the acre. Its effect on making the potash available no 
doubt helps to secure a better grain. Farmyard manure 
being essentially a nitrogenous fertilizer, its good effect 
would seem to show that wheat requires nitrogen liber- 
ally, but the effect of nitrogenous manures being largely 
the production of stalk and leaf growth, it would seem 
to be essential that there should be at the same time a 
liberal use of phosphoric acid, which is primarily effect- 
ive in the making of grain or seed. In many of the ex- 
periments made the dominant factor in securing a heavy 
yield was demonstrated to be the quantity of phosphoric 
acid available for the crop. Our own experience in con- 
junction with the results of these experiments leads us 
to the conclusion that phosphoric acid supplied by bone 
meal or acid phosphate is the most essential requisite to 
secure plump, well filled ears, and that to secure the best 
results this should be supplemented with nitrogen, either 
derived from leguminous crops, cut into the soil now, or 
farmyard manure applied as a top dressing in the winter, 
or by a top dressing of nitrate of soda applied in the 
spring, just when the crop begins growth. Whilst potash 
in some experiments showed good results when used in 
conjunction with phosphoric acid and nitrogen, we believe 
that most of our lands suited to wheat have sufficient of 
this element, which only requires to be made available by 
the use of lime. Our conclusions are that we would sow 
wheat only on land which has grown a leguminous crop 
which has been cut into the land, or on which farmyard 
manure has been applied, or to which it can be applied 
as a top dressing, and that previous to seeding the wheat 
we would apply 250 to 300 pounds of bone meal, or half 
bone meal and half acid phosphate per acre, and that 
wherever lime is available we would use it at the rate 
of one ton at least per acre, immediately after the land 
is plowed, and before commencing to harrow and prepare 
it for the seed. We would then finely prepare the land 
compact the undersoil and keep the top three inches loose, 
working the fertilizer in with the harrow, and then in 
October, say, between the 15th and the end of the month, 
drill in the seed, giving it a cover of from one and a half 



Y70 



THE SOUTHEEli PLAl^TER 



[September, 



to three inches, according to the nature of the land. Dur- 
ing the winter we would top dress with farmyard manure 
if it was available, and if not would top dress with nitrate 
of soda at the rate of 100 pounds to the acre in the 
spring. We would carefully select the seed, blowing out 
all small grain and sowing only plump, well shaped grains, 
and we would seed liberally, say, at the rate of from one 
and a half to two bushels to the acre. With such a prepa- 
ration for the crop we should expect to secure not less 
than twenty bushels to the acre, and ought to get twenty- 
five. By following such a system of rotation as would 
bring a leguminous crop onto the land every other year, 
and using acid phosphate liberally to secure a good crop 
of legumes, to be cut into the land, we believe that the 
yield of wheat could be brought up to thirty-five bushels 
in a normal year, and that this can be done profitably. 



Continue to sow crimson clover with wheat, oats and 
rve on all land that is not to be put into oats or whoat 
that can be got ready so as to have a winter cover on it. 
Hairy vetch may take the place of the crimson clover in 
this mixture if desired, and should do so in the last half 
of the month, and later up to the end of October. Sow 
twelve or fifteen pounds of the clover seed or twenty 
pounds of the vetch seed with three pecks of the grain 
mixed in equal parts. 



If Hessian fly has troubled the wheat in your section 
this year sow a trap crop of wheat at once on the land in- 
tended to be sown in wheat. This crop need only be on a 
strip of a yard or two wide across the field. The flies will 
deposit their eggs on this early sown wheat, and this can 
then be plowed down, and the eggs and flies be destroyed, 
and thus largely avoid injury another year. 



SOME INSTITUTE NOTES. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I have just returned from a month's work at the summei 
institutes in North Carolina, and some notes in regard to 
what I saw there may not be uninteresting. The only 
regret that I had in attending these institutes was that it 
cut me off from having the pleasure of attending the Vir- 
ginia State Institute, in Richmond, which I greatly de- 
sired to attend. 
• The North Carolina Institutes have been greatly im- 
proved under the management of Dr. Tait Butler, the State 
Director, whose organizing ability has been well shown 
by the way he has kept flve separate parties at work this 
summer without mishap or failure in any place, except on 
account of lack of interest on the part of the farmers pre- 
venting a large attendance. But in most places the at- 
tendance has been full. In two places, in Mecklenburg 
county (there were flve institutes in that county) there 
were 1,000 and 1,800 people, respectively, and we had the 
picnic dinners that that famous county is celebrated for. 
North Carolina has made an advance in Institute work 
that is a good example to other States. At every point two 
ladies, skilled in domestic economy, held an institute for 
the women. Over a lJi,rge part of the route we had two 
cars furnished and moved from place to place gratis by the 
Southern Railway Company. In one of these was a stock 
of the most modern farm implements, and when condi- 



tions favored there were field trials of some of these. In 
the other car — a large passenger car — part of the seats 
were removed from one end, and a well-stocked kitchen 
and the use of various kitchen conveniences, seats having 
been left for an audience of sixty women. In the middle 
of the afternoon the women joined the men, and there 
was a joint institute attended by all, and a lecture given 
by an accomplished speaker, Mrs. Mallowell, of Goldsboro, 
North Carolina, on the duties of the married men and 
women on the farm. 

I was struck with the fact that these institutes were 
all business meetings. The leader of each party opened 
the work at once, and no time was wasted in addresses 
of welcome and responses, but we went to work at once 
without any parliamentary talk, on the real purposes of 
the meeting. As a rule, the audiences were there for a 
serious purpose, and asked a great many questions. At 
Winston-Salem I took the platform to make an address, 
and never said a word that I intended to say, for they at 
once began to fire questions at me, and kept me for a 
whole hour answering them, and the effect was far better 
than if I had said what I had intended to say, for the farm- 
ers got what they wanted, and I might not have inter- 
ested them with a set speech. Intelligent questions are 
the very life of an institute, as they are of an agricul- 
tural paper. In all my journalistic work I have val- 
ued the questions written to me for the paper far more 
than anything I would otherwise have written, for the 
queries indicate what the farmers are thinking about, 
and if answered fully, make the paper of far more value 
to its readers, since a question that one man asks is apt 
to be just what a hundred more would like to have an- 
swered, but failed to ask it. 

There has been a great advance in farming in North 
Carolina, and this advance is largely due to iHe effective 
work done at the institutes. I noted that in some coun- 
ties, especially in Guilford and Forsyth, they have gen- 
erally abandoned the old practice of laying corn by with 
a turning plow, throwing a ridge of earth to it. Every 
field I noticed seemed to have been cultivated level.TUia 
i-; largely the result of the advice given at the institutes. 
But in the same section I noticed that they have failed 
to apply the same method to their tobacco crop and that 
most of them were wasting labor in pulling up a great 
hfll with a hoe, the most expensive tool on the farm, and 
I tried to show them that the same level culture that 
they are applying to their corn is equally of benefit to 
tobacco. 

There is still complaint of the scarcity of labor, though 
nearly all the farmers are using more labor than they 
need if they would use better implements. On the beau- 
tiful level flats near the Roanoke river, on the Norfolk 
line of the Atlantic Coast Line, I saw in one field flve 
men with five mules, each pulling a iurning plow, going 
four times in a row banking up tho bOil to the cotton, 
and of course damaging the roots, while a single pair of 
mules, driven by one hand riding on a two-row cultivator, 
would have done as much work as the flve, and would 
have done it better for the crop. 

And yet, in sections where great advance has been 
made — as about the city of Winston-Salem — there are men 
otherwise good farmers, who adhere to the study of the 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



771 



moon and the signs of the zodiac in planting, and one 
man even declared that manure spr'3ar] on ihe wrong 
time of the moon will not have as good eff3Ct as the 
same manure spread when the moon was right. 

During the last week of my trip I was over the eastern 
coast plain, in the trucking section. The greatest fault 
there seems to be that most of the growers are not will' 
ing to be truckers only, but farmers, with a little truck 
added, while the most successful growers are those who 
stick to their farming, or to their truck, as their sole 
business. 

In Beaufort county a man took me out to his farm, 
and showed me a very fine field of cotton, which he told 
me was growing without any fertilizer. It was planted 
between rows of Irish potatoes, to which ba iad applied 
1,500 pounds of high-grade commercial fertilizers, and of 
course there was food for both. He thought that he was 
doing a fine thing in getting that cotton after the pota- 
toes. He had done it by making the potato rows five 
or six feet apart, and he said that he made fifty barrels of 
potatoes per acre. My own conclusion was that if he had 
planted the potatoes closer he might have gotten a hun- 
dred barrels, and this season he would have had more 
money from the extra crop of potatoes than he will get 
from the cotton, and would also have had a chance to 
have sown the land in peas after the potatoes, and by 
feeding these could have had humus-making material to 
greatly improve the land for the truck crops. 

Truck farmers, especially, should practice stock feed- 
ing in some form, since on their rich lands they can 
grow, after the early truck has been marketed, a great 
abundance of forage for stock, and the feeding of this 
would give them manure they greatly need to make them 
more independent of the fertilizer mixer. And yet most 
of the North Carolina truckers endeavor to get farm 
crops after their early truck, and keep on buying fertil- 
izers that do not add humus to their soils, prefering an 
immediate apparent profit to the permanent improvement 
of their soil and a greater crop production. 

At one of these institutes I mentioned the fact that in 
North Carolina I had found that fall set cabbage plants 
fared better on the north side of the ridges or beds thrown 
up than on the south side, as is practiced further north. 
I had repeatedly tried planting on the south side, and had 
all my plants killed by cold in February, after they had 
been made tender by the growth started in warm spells, 
on the south side. One large grower objected, saying 
that the cold would kill them on the north side. It is 
hard to make people understand that it is not the degree 
of cold that hurts these plants, for they stand hard zero 
weather in Maryland, on the north side of Baltimore city, 
but the rupture of the cells of the plants by the sun 
striking them early in the morning, when frozen. In 
North Carolina there- are usually spells of weather in 
January which will start the cabbages into growth. Then 
there is nearly always a sharp freeze about the middle 
of February, and the early morning sun striking those on 
the south side is almost certain to destroy them. 

The most pleasant thing in my North Carolina trip 
has been the meeting of old friends, and to have men take 
my hand and say, "I owe my success in farming to hav- 



ing followed your advice." It makes one feel that his life 
has not been in vain. 

At Winston-Salem I was telling how I had given a 
formula to a tobacco grower in Granville county some 
years ago, and he had great success with it and got a fine 
price for his tobacco, and that, giving the same formula 
to another man, he wrote that he grew a very poor qual- 
ity of tobacco. He bought the materials from a fertilizer 
manufacturer, and I asked him to send me his bill. 1 
found that where I had prescribed high-grade sulphate 
of potash, the fertilizer man had sent him the same num- 
ber of pounds of kainit, and thus not only gave him one- 
fourth the amount of potash needed, but in a form that 
acted as a chloride, and damaged his tobacco, evidently 
designing to discourage him from home mixing. I had 
forgotten who this man was till a man in the audience 
spoke out and said that he was the man, and that in the 
bill they had put it "Sulphate of potash, iow grade," and 
then, in almost microscopic letters, had written "Kainit," 
and he failed to note this, and he then confessed that it 
was his own fault in allowing the fertilizer man to sub- 
stitute what he knew would damage the quality of his 
tobacco. 

And yet I found that nearly all the tobacco men in that 
section are using the 3-8-3 fertilizer for tobacco, in which 
the small percentage of potash is generally in the form 
of muriate, and a considerable amount of worthless 
"filler" is used. They have an excess of acid phosphate, 
or rather phosphhoric acid, and too small a percentage 
of potash for tobacco. 

Ready mixed fertilizers, especially of the low grades, 
have a needless percentage of phosphoric acid, because it 
is the cheapest plant food in it, and the effect of an ex- 
cess of phosphoric acid on tobacco is to make big-veined 
leaves, and thin, light material in the leaf between them. 

Then in all the 2-8-2 fertilizers there is added fully a 
quarter of a ton of worthless sand to make \he ton. And 
yet farmers pay for sacking this, freighting it and hand- 
ling it, solely because these low-grade fertilizers are sold 
at the lowest price, and they think they are cheap, when, 
for the plant food in them, they are the highest priced 
of all fertilizers. 

W. F. MASSEY. 



CORN GROWING WITH FERTILIZER AND CRIMSON 
CLOVER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

As per your request I submit the following table to 
show how I came out upon the cost of producing corn on 
poor, thin land the second year after raising clover 
(crimson) upon it, as set forth in the Planter, page 692, 
August number, 1908. 

Just here I want to advise every subscriber to your 
valuable journal to always preserve every number of it 
for further reference, for indeed no number of it fails to 
have articles of vital interest to our farmers. I shall 
figure the cost of the work and fertilizers for an acre for 
two years, since by reference to my said article you will 
find that I only harvested one crop of corn. Since the 
price for labor varies in different localities, each reader 



YY2 



THE SOUTHEEN PLAI^TER 



[September, 



must make due allowance for conditions as they exist in 
his particular section: 

Breaking and harrowing one acre $2.00 

Hauling manure 4.00 

1,000 lbs. prepared lime, with 2 per ct. potash €.00 

800 lbs. acid phosphate 6.40 

200 lbs. 2-8-2 fertilizer 2.20 

200 lbs. Kainit 1.10 

200 lbs. nitrate of soda 5.70 

11 gallons clover seed ' 5.39 

Mowing and hauling the clover 1.00 

Plowing the corn four times 2.00 

Harvesting the fodder and corn 5.00 

Total cost for two years $40.79 

Credit. 

By pasturing first year $10.00 

By 1 1-2 tons clover second year 30.00 

By 1,000 lbs. fodder 10.00 

By 50 bushels corn 40.00 

Total income for two years $90'.00 

Profit for two years 49.29 



$90:00 $90.00 
Now, it will be observed that I have made no allowance 
for the rent of the land or the team, but I estimate the 
difference in the producing power of the land from 15 
bushels corn to fifty bushels to balance these. The cost 
of the barnyard manure was only figured for the labor 
in hauling to and from the lot. 

We hear such varied experiences as to clover, I will 
submit mine. For more than ten years I have been rais- 
ing crimson clover, and always commence to feed it when 
it begins to bloom — given at night — just all that the team 
will eat. Then when the seed begins to form I mow, 
and let it remain as it falls from the mower until the fol- 
lowing evening. If it is dry and warm, I haul to the barn 
and sprinkle plenty of salt upon each layer, but do not 
pack it. Should the weather be such that it is not ready 
to be put in the barn — that is well ventilated — I rake it 
up to remain in heaps until the following evening. Un- 
der no condition should it remain in the sun until it 
bleaches, nor should you ever fail to use salt.. Salt cures 
and preserves it, as it does our pork. I have never had 
a horse made sick from it nor from feeding peanut vine 
hay, which should be fed at night only, if your team is 
at work. Some farmers feed too sparingly, and the result 
is the team eats the roots, which clog and often kill. 

Clover heads should never be allowed to mature except 
for seed, for maturing the seed is very exhausting to the 
land. Clover raising is the panacea for returning the for- 
mer fertility to our depleted soils, and no farmer should 
neglect it, even though it be necessary to mortgage the 
land to buy the seed. Again, many of our farmers do not 
sow the seed thick enough, and the result is large, coarse 
stalks. If you are in the cotton and peanut belt adopt 
the following plan, and if you do not raise good crops 
and keep your land in a fertile condition it will not be 
the fault of a kind Providence: Seed your land to clo- 
ver, then to corn, and at the "laying by,'' to clover, then 
to cotton, and at the "laying by" to clover; then to pea- 



nuts, and so on to corn again. This puts humus in your 
land every year except the year following your peanuts— 
in other words, two years out of every three. 

C. P. GRIZZARD. 
Sussex county, Va. 



ALFALFA GROWING IN VIRGINIA AND THE SOUTH. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I wish to express my pleasure in having met s> many 
of your people on the occasion of your last State Institute, 
at Richmond. Within the past few years I have address- 
ed the people of nine States at similar meetings, but I 
feel that I do no injustice to any when I say that I found 
your people the most interesting and most interested of 
any that I have seen. They have much intelligence, 
much culture, enough energy, it seems to me, to transform 
Virginia within a compartively short time. 

I was particularly impressed with tte interest shown 
in the subject of alfalfa growing. Time was when I 
would not have willingly spoken on that subject in Virgin- 
ia, for I would have felt that there were problems there not 
yet worked out, and too deep for me. Now the one re- 
maining problem, it seems to me, is how to get people to 
believe the good news when they hear it, and to act on 
their belief. We know now how to make alfalia grow 
in the South, and in the North, too, for that matter. 

Briefly let me state the three things that alfalfa de- 
mands: 

First, soil that is not wet. Alfalfa can't stand a sod- 
den, water-soaked soil. On Woodland Farm water was 
our chief enemy. We fought it with tile under-drains, 
laying mile after mile of them, till we had laid some 
eighteen miles or more of them. We will lay miles more, 
and will dc at it as soon as we get this year's crops laid 
by and harvested. Very many Southern farmers are in 
better state than ever we were in this matter; they have 
soils pervious enough to let the water pass through and to 
let in the air. Knowing what we do now, we ao not feel 
that we would have started to make an alfalfa farm where 
we did, here on Woodland Farm, in Ohio, for in our own 
neighborhood .are farms much better drained naturally, 
where we would have succeeded with less labor. 

We know, too, that very many Virginia farmers have 
soils better drained naturally than ours are, even after 
laying all these miles of tile. But if you have a piece of 
land that is wet, spouty in a wet time soggy, don't try 
to grow much alfalfa on it till you drain it. 

Next thing in importance to draining is lime. We have 
for years insisted on lime for alfalfa growing, but we 
now feel that we have not said it half loud enough. Peo- 
ple have passed by this part of it as of minor importance. 
Lime is the very keystone of alfalfa culture. Alfalfa 
revels in lime, feeds upon lime, keeps its health upon a 
lime diet, feeds its bacteria on lime, and to be profitable 
and successful must have lime, and plenty of it. 

It is strange to me now how long it took us to see 
that lime is the one thing that alfalfa absolutely wor- 
ships and revels in. Looking back at our intimacy with 
the alfalfa plant, since 1886, we recall these facts. On 
our ranch in Utah we had spots of soil that were so im- 
pregnated with salts of lime that they were like mortar 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



773 



■when wet and like rock when dry. No corn would grow 
in these spots, nor any other grain to advantage. When 
once we had established alfalfa there, it grew six feet 
high! On our own farm alfalfa varies much in tnrift 
and longevity, according to where it is established. On 
one clay hill, in especial, it is always very vigorous and 
productive; there the stand is always perfect after the 
rest of the field has begun to fail. There we got six tons 
of hay to the acre very often. And that hill is a lime- 
stone clay, filled with small pebble^ of soft limestone, 
having to each square i;od, I imagine, 500 lbs. of limestone 
particles and pebbles to the square rod of soil a foot deep! 
That would mean about forty tons of lime to the acre in 
the top foot of soil, and more of it/ down below. 

In Mississippi I found a natural limestone region where 
alfalfa growing is much practiced, and where alfalfa is 
very easily established and makes much profit. The 
reason? Lime. It is all through the soil — a sort of rot- 
ten limestone — and it has made that soil black! How 
has it made the soil black? That is an interesting story, 
too. All limestone soils tend to become rich, and soils 
without lime tend to poverty. "Why? Well, lime in the 
soil in some way that the chemist understands better, 
maybe, than I do, fixes fertility and prevents its leach- 
ing away. Richness gathers where there is lime in the 
soil. It rapidly disappears where there is not enough 
lime. 

I could go for a long time giving other instances of 
the truth that alfalfa depends for its vigor upon lime. 
But I have a more wonderful thing yet to bring forward, 
and so far as I know, no one has presented this truth 
beside my brother, Joseph E. Wing, who has written of it 
in the Breeders' Gazette. Alfalfa is an exception to the 
plants commonly cultivated on the farm; it does not feel 
satisfied with a soil neutral, or with "enough lime" in 
it, but it wants a soil with "too much" lime in it. That 
is, it wants a soil so full of lime that it is alkaline, not 
acid. And there is very little danger, indeed, of getting 
too much lime in your soil for the good of the alfalfa 
plant. 

All through the South there is a cry that "crab-grass 
and weeds choke my alfalfa." Or else that "My alfalfa 
will not become inoculated — it is weakly, sickly." We 
used to prescribe more manure for the sickly alfalfa, and 
with good faith, though we knew how scarce manure is 
on an ordinary Southern farm. For the crab-grass we 
prescribed more phosphorus, and with some success. Now 
we were really groping in the dark. Phosphorus helped, 
manure helped, but only too often manure hindered, too, 
by filling the land with more weeds and grass than it had 
in the beginning. We now know what we ought to have 
known all along — that what that land that bore unthrifty 
alfalfa, choked with weeds and grasses, needed was lime. 
Lime would make the alfalfa so vigorous that it would 
fight out the weeds and crab-grasses alone, aided only by 
the friendly mower. 

We have seen in the South fields with heavy applications 
of lime — as much as four tons to the acre of fresh burned 
lime, or eight tons of ground limestone to the acre — give 
as fine, fresh, clean growth of alfalfa as ever we saw in 
Utah or Colorado, and right in the same fields strips where 



the lime had not been applied, the alfalfa would be sickly, 
pale, crowded out by crab-grass and weeds. 

The whole thing is plain now and easy, all but the de- 
tails of working it out. Ninety-nine per cent, of the acres 
in the South need lime to make them as good as they 
ought to be for any crop, and especially for alfalfa. And 
when one is liming for alfalfa let him put it on as liber- 
ally as he dares, and then put on more! It is hard to get 
on too much lime for the alfalfa plant. We hope some day 
to know how much it will endure. We have now no re- 
cord to show the limit. If we had access to ground and 
unburned limestone, such as some Virginia farmers have, 
we would not hesitate to put on six or eight tons to the 
acre, using manure spreaders to haul it and distribute it. 
We would even test strips with double ,this amount, con- 
fident that no harm would result. There are places in 
Virginia where men can get ground or powdered lime- 
stone, unburned, for the cost of hauling. There are 
mountains of the stuff at Saltville that I understand is 
given away by the manufacturers of alkalies there. It 
is the waste from the quarries, and is as good lime as 
there is for the soil. If I lived near Saltville I would 
have my teams hauling that crushed and powdered lime- 
stone to my fields during all their spare time. That soil 
needs lime, as much almost as the Tidewater section. 

In much of the State it is a problem how to get lime 
cheap enough. When a good many farmers get together 
and ask for it, a way will open up; some one will put it 
on the market at a low price. In Ohio we get ground lime- 
stone put on the cars for $1.00 to $1.25 per ton. And we 
do not use a ton where we ought to use a thousand tons, 
but we are learning. 

All through the Piedmont section, down on the red clays, 
all through the coast region, even in the Valley of Vir- 
ginia, the need of lime is the paramount thing. And 
with enough lime alfalfa can grow with great profit. There 
is absolutely no doubt about that. 

And, by the way, you have one man who is doing things 
so well, and on so large a scale, that you ought to watch 
him. I mean Mr. J. F. Jack, of Rappahannock. Mr. 
Jack began his preparations for farming in Virginia by 
the purchase of 400 tons of lime, which he put on about 
180 acres of land for alfalfa. On that land he also grew 
cow peas and crimson clover, and turned under. Then, he 
gave good cultivation in midsummer, and put on about 
400 lbs. to the acre of bone meal, and then 30 lbs. of al- 
falfa seed. I think he would have done as well with 20 
pounds of alfalfa seen. This was last August, 1907. The 
result? A splendid s^and of alfalfa, and a heavy cutting 
of hay, I believe, for each of four cuttings this season of 
1908. And this month, August, Mr. Jack will sow an 
additional 160 acres. Thus, year by year, he hopes to in- 
crease his acreage till he has in 1,0'00 acres. He is mak- 
ing it a business proposition as much as when one goes 
after anything else purely mechanical. We say sandstone 
and cement, in certain proportions, makes artificial stone 
or concrete. Mr. Jack says, "lime, humus, phosphorus, 
alfalfa seed, make a meadow full of bloom and beauty, and 
yielding me four to eight tons of hay per acre. It costs 
me $15.00 an acre to seed this alfalfa. I get $15.00 per ton 
for my hay. I feel that there is chance of profit in it." 
So he goes at it calmly, relentlessly, with no turning back. 



774 



THE SOUTHEEK PLANTEE 



[September, 



and what he is getting will be an astonishment to all Vir- 
ginia and all the East. 

Now, don't misunderstand me. I lay all this emphasis 
on lime because it is the foundation on which you must 
build with alfalfa. Given this lime, you can do much. 
You can add phosphorus, add humus, add good seed, add 
culture, and then success is as sure as that 2 and 2 and 2 
and 2 make 8. 

The climate of Virginia and farther South is better for 
alfalfa than the climate of Ohio or of Montana. And yet 
I have taken off six tons of hay from our best acres in 
Ohio in one year, and have seen 1,000 tons taken off of one 
160-acre farm in Montana in one year. This, of course, 
was under irrigation. Now, get lime — get it for alfalfa, 
understand me. I advocate these large amounts of lime 
for no other crop. Put on two tons to the acre of freshly 
slaked lime; half that if you are of weak faith or light 
pocket-book; put on two to eight tons of ground limestone, 
not burned, if you can get it. Give phosphorus, give hu- 
mus, give seed and inoculation, and omit "experimenting" 
with alfalfa. Grow alfalfa. Grow all you need of it. 
Grow after a time to sell. Be a manufacturer of SDils 
ard condition. Of course jou can afford it. It will repay 
you better than any other farming you ever did iu the 
world. 

"WILLIS O. WING. 
. Woodland Farm, Mechanicsburg, Ohio, August 14. 



est quick-paying fertilizer for corn I know. Come down, 
and let me ' demonstrate' at once on some corn growing 
side hy side, v/ith and without. 

L. H. CARLTON. 
King William Co., Va. 



GRASS GROWING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Whilst so much is being said and so much criticism on 
farm demonstration work, let me tutt in and give my 
experience with hay. Mr. Sandy says 25 quarts of seed to 
the acre. Now, in my humble judgment, if a farmer goes 
to monkeying with that amount he will get left. That 
is too thick, unless his land is very rich. I have been 
raising hay for many years, and never use but nine quarts 
— seven of timothy and two of clean herd's grass. I sow 
both ways, and always get a good stand and plenty thick 
enough. I used to sow clover with the timothy, but the 
two do not ripen together, and the sapling clover lodges, 
the other will, if the land is rich; it does with me. Now, 
I have never plowed eight inches, etc., but I go six, then 
cultivate thoroughly; I try to use 500 pounds of pure raw 
bone, and more if I can — the more the better, and it will 
pay. Now, this may seem strange, but I follow my grass 
with grass. I have long since found out to cultivate a 
piece of land in corn after grass to clean the land of 
weeds is all a humbug. I have tried it many times; dai- 
sies, dock, wild carrot, and many other weeds will come. 

You can cultivate for ten years, the next year they will 
6e there, and as for wild onions, I believe they will grow 
on the sidewalks of Richmond, with no dirt on- them. The 
way I get rid of weeds is to pull them up. I have heard 
timothy will exhaust your land; it will improve it, but 
do not forget pure raw bone every time. Now, one ques 
tion and I am through. What does a farmer want with 
a demonstration? If he will take the Southern Planter 
read it and follow instructions is all the demonstratic 
he needs; for what the editor of the Southern Planter 
does not know about farming is not worth knowing. Ex- 
cuse my seeming flattery. Acid phosphate is the cheap- 



CROP ROTATION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Referring again to the rotation plan outlined by me, 
and to Prof. Spillman's contribution in the August Plan- 
ter relative to the same, I wish to beg pardon and say 
that I by no means intimated, or intended to intimate, 
the unaccredited use of my "thunder" by Prof. Spillman 
in his Georgetown address, as the Professor seems to have 
so interpreted my remarks in the July Planter. 

My referring to Prof. Spillman's address was simply 
a citation of authority and endorsement of the plan. 

I must confess, however, that though I have been in 
touch with agricultural literature and progress for several 
years, I have never before learned of any one recommend- 
ing the exact plan as given by me, and it is certainly an 
enlightenment to hear Prof. Spillman say Georgia and 
Louisiana Experiment Stations have both practiced and 
advocated the plan. In my own case, I had to work out 
the rotation for myself, and am therefore thoroughly ap- 
prised of its worthiness on Southern farms. 

As to my other plan of rotation in the Planter, and com" 
mented upon in the August number by Prof. Spillman, 
sugar cane (known also as ribbon cane, and botanically 
saccharum officinarium, was intended for those portions 
of the South, (South Carolina along the coastal belt to 
Texas.) Sorghums would probably serve well in other 
sections, but if the sugar cane could not be grown, and 
a substitute was wanted for forage purposes, I should not 
recommend any of the sorghums, a» they are not in any 
sense as satisfactory as Teocinte. 

ROSBMONT. 



CLOVER GROWING IN VIRGINIA. 

(The following correspondence on this subject will be of 
irterest to our readers. — Ed.) 
Department of Agriculture, 

Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sirs: 

I am interested in farming in Nelson county, Va., and 
wish to ask if the Department can furnish a remedy that 
will prevent red clover dying out the first year after it 
is cut. 

I have for a number of years been observing the culti- 
vation of red clover as a hay plant in Virginia, and the 
conditions now appear to be about as follows: 

It is usual to sow red clover with wheat in the fall, or 
with oats in the spring, or upon wheat that was seeded 
the previous fall, and if a stand of clover is gotten, it is 
cut for hay the year after the wheat or oats are cut. 

Up to eight or ten years ago a stand of red clover would 
last for three or four years, and usually, if the weather 
was seasonable, could be cut twice a year — once in June 
and once in August. 

When these conditions prevailed, red clover was one of 
the most valuable hay crops that was raised in Virginia. 

For the past five or six years, however, my experience 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERl^ PLANTER. 



775 



hag been that soon after cutting the first crop, the plants 
die entirely, and I have been unable to find a remedy to 
prevent their dying. 

I have heard a good many causes suggested. One is 
that the land is deficient in lime, and that if, at the time 
of seeding, lime was liberally used, this would prevent the 
clover dying out. 

Another suggestion is, that if the clover is cut before it 
goes to seed, it will prevent the dying out of the plant. 

Another suggestion, still, is that the clover seed now 
generally sold in this State is raised in Germany, and is 
not acclimated, and that this causes the clover to die out 
after the first cutting. 

In endeavoring to discover the real cause, I have used 
lime freely on my land, and have endeavored to cut the 
clover before it went to seed, and have also endeavored 
to get seed from clover raised in this State, but the fact 
still remains that red clover will now, in Virginia, yield 
only one crop, and dies out after the first cutting. 

If there is any remedy for this, I would be glad to ap- 
ply it. ^ 

I would not trouble the Department on this matter if 
it were not for the fact that this condition prevails gen- 
erally throughout Virginia. 

P. H. C. CABEH^L. 

Mr. P. H. 0. Cabell, 

Shafer Building, Richmond, Va. 
Dear Sir: 

I have your letter of the 20th inst., describing the trou- 
ble you are having with red clover. The symptoms as 
you describe them, are typical with what is known as 
clover sickness, and which has prevented the successful 
growing of red clover through much of Virginia, Mary- 
land, as well as other States for a number of years past. 
The cause of the trouble is very obscure; indeed, it is 
probable that there are a good many causes that have a 
bearing on it. The same difficulty is well known in Eu- 
rope, where they find the clover-sick land must rest a 
period of five or seven years before it will again grow 
good clover. It is this trouble with red clover that is at 
the present time creating so much interest among farmers 
with other legumes, especially alfalfa. We are finding that 
alfalfa can be grown in much of Virginia perfectly if the 
proper methods are used. Other farmers are using crim- 
son clover, or vetch, as a winter legume, and cow peas 
and soy beans as a summer legume. Of course, none of 
these crops quite take the place of red clover. The next 
thing to take its place is alsike clover, which is 
being quite extensively grown in Eastern Maryland. It 
is not quite as good as red clover, but still is the next 
real substitute. I am enclosing blue-slips in regard to 
these various crops, and would be pleased to hear from 
you further. I think it will be necessary for you to grow 
some other crop in place of the clover, and what this crop 
will be will depend largely upon the system of farming 
which you wish to pursue. 

C. V. PIPER, 
Agrostologist. 
Department of Agriculture, "Washington, D. C. 



Red Clover. 
Mr. C. V. Piper, Agrostologist, 

Dear Sir: — I received your letter on the 25th ult. in 
regard to causes of red clover dying out, with enclosures 
tlilrein stated, for which please accept my thanks. 

We have tried in our section of Virginia growing peas 
as a land fertilizer with very good results, but timothy 
has largely taken the place of red clover as a hay crop. 

I am making various experiments! with red clover in 
the hope of discovering the cause of its dying out, and I 
am strongly of the opinion that the trouble lies with the 
seed we are able to get, from the fact that on new land 
Vv'hich contains all the original elements and on the old 
land also which has been planted for years in clover, we 
have the same trouble with its dying out after the first 
cutting. 

The farmers in Virginia are not prepared to save their 
own clover seed, but rely entirely upon buying from seed 
dealers. I am inclined to believe that the seed we get 
are not acclimated. For this reason they fail to produce 
the second crop. 

We should be glad to know if the Department has made 
any seed tests with red clover. 

P. H. C. CABELL. 

Mr. P. H. C. Cabell, 
Richmond, Va. 
Dear Sir: — Replying to your letter of July 1st, addressed 
to Mr. C. V. Piper, who is at present out of the city, I beg 
to state that our own Western grown clover seed seems to 
be better than the imported seed. The Chilian red clover 
is perhaps a little larger, but it is apt to be full of dodder. 
The Russian clover, we find, is more subject to blight than 
is the American grown seed. We have been very success- 
ful with different lots of red clover at the Arlington Ex- 
perimental Farm, near Rosslyn, Va. 

J. M. WESTGATE, 
Assistant Agrostologist. 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 



SOME FURTHER THOUGHTS ON THE FERTILIZER 
QUESTION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In taking up the consideration of the manurial repulre- 
ments of the oat crop we find, first, that oats analyze N. 
2.06 per cent. Ph. A. .82 per cent, and Pot. .62 per cen^. 
and the straw N. .62 per cent. Ph. A. .zO per cent, and 
Pot. 1.24 per cent, and taking the average yield for the 
State of Virginia at 18 bushels per acre we are confronted 
by the following proposition: For the grain at 32 pounds 
to the bushel 32 x 18 equals 576 pounds x 2.06 per cent 
equals 11.86 lbs. of N. 32 x 18 equals 576 pounds x 82 
per cent, equals 4.72 per cent of Ph. A. 32 x 18 equals 
576 pounds x 62 per cent equals 3.37 lbs. of Pot. and sup- 
posing we allowed 1,000 lbs. of straw per acre we have 
1000 pounds of straw x .62 per cent equals 6.20 lbs of N. 
1000 lbs. of straw x .20 per cent, equals 2.00 lbs. of Ph. A. 
1000 lbs. of straw x 1.24 per cent, equals 12.40 lbs of Pot. 
by adding together the above figures we find that an oat 



776 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE 



[September, 



crop of 18 bushels growing on 1000 pounds of straw per 
acre will use 

18. pounds of nitrogen at 15c $2.70 

6.76 pounds of Phosphoric Acid at 4%c .31 

15.97 pounds of Potash at 5c 79 ^ 

Making a total of $3.80 

per acre for a complete fertilizer, which should, theoreti- 
cally, increase our crop of oats 18 bushels per acre above 
the amount which would be produced without fertilizer. 

This calls for practically an 18 — 07 — .16 goods, if we 
consider it in percentages of 1,000 pounds, and were we to 
apply 100 pounds per acre, but as it is a combination so rich 
in nitrogen and potash as to be beyond the attainment 
of any known source of chemicals within reach of the fer- 
tilizer mixer, v/e will consider it as a 9-3i/^-8 goods, in per- 
centages of 2,000, and to be applied at the rate of 200 
pounds per acre, and then find that it can be mixed as fol 
lows' 

FORMULA. 
1125 lbs. of 16 per cent, nitrate of soda equals 180 lbs of 
N. or 9 per cent; 500 lbs. of 14 per cent Acid Phosphate 
equals 70 pounds of Phosphorus or 3 1-2 per cent. 324 
pounds of 48 per cent Muriate of Potash equals 160 lbs. 
of Potash or 8 per cent; 41 lbs of filler, making 2000 lbs. 
of mixed fertilizer analyzing 9-3 %-8, which should cost at 
wholesale figures, $38, and applied at the rate of 200 lbs. to 
the acre, would cover ten acres at a cost of $3.80 for each 
individual acre so treated. Should it oincrease the yield in 
proportion to its constituents, or 18 bu., worth at present 
prices 60c. a bu., the gross increase would be $1280, and 
the net profit, outside the labor of distribution and the ex- 
tra cost of threshing and harvesting, $9.00 per acre while 
the additional straw might be fairly set over against extra 
expenses and labor unaccounted for in the above estimate 
It would seem from these figures that where nitrogen is 
supplied by the leguminous crop, and may therefore be dis- 
pensed with in the fertilizer, 50 pounds of 14% acii phos- 
phate and 32V2 pounds of 48% muriate of potash form an 
ample application for the oat crop, and these chemicals 
can be supplied at a cost of 31% cents for the former and 
80 cents for the latter or $1.11% per acre. 

If these figures are correct, and they are derived from 
tables of printed analyses in one of our standard works on 
agriculture, our farmers are very generally applying en- 
tirely too much phosphorus and not enougli nitrogen an 
potassium, for where acid phosphate alone is used, the 
above figures show that 500 pounds of 14% should suflace 
to produce 18 bushels per acre on ten acres of land; or, in 
other words, 50 pounds per acre, whereas 200 to 300' 
pounds is the more common amount used, enough to pro- 
duce from 62 to 108 bushels per acre, if my figures are 
correct. 

Now, it is well known that we are not getting such yields 
even from the best of our lands, and the query naturally 
arises as to the cause. As the problem presents itself to 
me, it has one of the following alternatives: 

1st. Chemical analysis must fail to show the actual 
manurlal requirements of the crop; or 

2d. Nitrogen or potash rather than phosphoric acid 
large proportion of it become unavailable; or 
3d. Acid phosphate must revert in the soil, and a very 



must be the controlling factors in the production of the 
crop. 

In the event of the first proopsition being correct all our 
scientific agriculture is built on a foundation of sand, and 
we must discard it and begin a new era, by accumulation 
of data based on carefully made field experiments in suffi- 
cient number to establish reliable averages. 

Should we accept the second alternative, we must stop 
buying acid phosphate and look for some more available 
form in which we may get the element phosphorus. 

It is only by adopting the third and last alternative that 
we can avoid upsetting the chemists' conclusions and when 
we look about us, and see the large yields of oats made 
from heavy applications of horse manure, which analyses 
.44-.17-.35, and consider how closely this will approximate 
the proportions of 18-7-16, for by multiplying the latter by 
2% we get 45-17%-40', we are influenced to form the opin- 
ion that our oat crops stand in greater need of nitrogen 
and potash than it does of phosphoric acid. 

I have received, directly and indirectly, so many criti- 
cisms relative to my formula, as published in the May 
number of the Planter (page 426), that at the risk of be- 
coming tedious, I will again revert co this subject. 

Among others, and pech;?ps the most judicious, is a let- 
ter from one of the chemists of the Department of Agricul- 
ture in Washington, D. C, in which he takes me to task 
for what he justly calls a short cut in mathematics. To 
this charge I plead guilty, and will proceed to give my 
reasons. 

In the first place, in order to get a paper to be at all 
acceptable to the average reader, one must try to make it 
interesting, and if we are to carefully work out each prob- 
lem stating all mental processes by which we arrive at our 
conclusions, we at once become involved in long, unpunct- 
uated sentences, and endless repetitions, which would make 
our work about as uninteresting and as difficult to follow 
as a chapter of legal documents or a collection of Acts of 
Congress. On the other hand, if we confine ourselves to 
general statements and make a plentiful use of synonims 
without laying down any premises, we do not convey a 
meaning sufficiently clear to answer the purposes of tech- 
nical inquiry. 

To steer a mean course between the two extremes, going 
just enough into detail to convey the idea without trespass-* 
ing upon the time and patience of the reader, requires an 
amount of judgment aspired to by all, but possessed by so 
few that outside of Carlyle and Macauley, and possibly 
Sir Francis Galton, I can recall no writer who has attain- 
ed it. 

That I have erred on the side of brevity at the expense 
of clearness I admit, for the fact is fully proved by the nu- 
merous letters I have received, some taking issue as to 
facts and some asking for explanation of my meaning. 

AS to the suggestion that I should keep to the pounds-ton 
basis, stating how many actual pounds of nitrogen phos- 
phoric acid and potash should be applied to each acre, as 
a simpler way of attacking this problem than the percent- 
age basis, I reply that a farmer who desires to compare the 
price of his home mixed fertilizer with the ready mixed 
article, must either get the percentage of his own product 
or reduce the percentage of the ready mixed goods to 
pounds in the ton before he can make any comparison of 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



YY7 



values, and as the only conceivable reason for home mix- 
ing is the cheapening of the product, it follows that a 
knowledge of percentage is a necessary evil to the home 
mixer; and furthermore, as he will mix only one lot gf 
chemicals and desire to compare it with probably a Sozen 
different brands of like anaysis but dissimilar price, it 
will evidently be less trouble for him to bring his one 
mixture to per cent, of the ton rather than bring the 
many others which may differ slightly enough to require 
many sets of figures, to the pounds in the ton basis. 

Really the proper thing to do in order to simplify the 
whole situation is to require the manufacturer to print on 
each bag sold the actual contents in pounds and ounces, 
but as long as we farmers continue to fill our Legislature 
with lawyers and professional politicians, we must expect 
to find the political and legal interests of the State better 
taken care of than tHe agricultural. 

PERCIVAL HICKS. 

Mathews County, Va. 



COMMENTS ON AUGUST ISSUE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Crop Rotation. 

Prof. Spillman is right as to the fact that the rotation 
suggested ha^; been advised for many years by many per- 
sons, and certainly by myself. He is right, too, in saying 
that a greater variety of rotations can be used in the South 
than in the North, since we have a team like peas and 
crimson clover to work togethe.-, summer and winter. And 
the shorter in reason, to include the crops, the rotation 
may be the better, so that the legumes come in frequently 
on the land and furnish the finest of forage to make ma- 
nure to return for humus-making in the soil. And this res- 
toration of the humus that was there in the virgin condi- 
tion of the soil is the main object of any judicious rota- 
tion. 

Conservation of Plant Food. 

The American people have certainly been wasteful of the 
ratu-'al rcsour'ies of their country, both in the depletion of 
the virgin fertility of the soil and the ruthless destruction 
of the forests, which, if they had been properly lumbered, 
would have continued to supply us indefinitely, instead q* 
our being now on the verge of a lumber famine. But of 
all people, the Southern farmers have been the most waste- 
ful, and are still so. They allow millions of dollars' worth 
of nitrogen and ash elements to be carried away from their 
soil annually in the cotton seed meal, for the seed is the 
only part of the cotton that does draw on the soil, the 
cotton fibre coming almost entirely from the air. And yet 
all over the South we see men applying a little 200 pounds 
of a 2-8-2 fertilizer for cotton on land from which they have 
sold off ten times as much nitrogen in the seed, when if 
they farmed right, they need never to buy an ounce of ni- 
trogen in any form. The greater number of farmers will 
depend on low grade fertilizers, like the 2-8-2, which is at 
least one-fourth filler, and imagine that it is cheap because 
lower in price than a better article. In some parts of 
Eastern North Carolina intelligent farmers have been in- 
sisting for years that phosphoric acid gives them no results 
in cotton or tobacco. There is no doubt that in the low 
grade fertilizers there is too high a percentage of phospho- 
ric acid, as compared with the other ingredients, mainly 



because it is the cheapest thing in the mixture. The to- 
bacco growers insist that those who use but 2% of phos- 
phoric acid make finer tobacco than those who use the 
8% goods. There is no doubt, too, that on the soils of 
Eastern North Carolina phosphoric acid will not have its 
due effect unless accompanied by a due percentage of pot- 
ash, and for the tobacco grower the lower grades of mixed 
goods have not more than one-fifth the amount of potash 
they should have for tobacco. 

Feeding Crimson Clover. 
Iwould like to ada to what I said last month in regard to 
feeding the hay made from crimson clover, that those here 
who are feeding it in connection with other roughage have 
no trouble with it. It seems that the danger lies in using 
the clover as the sole roughage. Feeding it in connection 
with corn fodder or oat straw seems to prevent the balling 
of the hairs in the intestines of the horse. The deaths 
here have been exclusively where the clover has been fed 
to the exclusion of coarser material, and were fed on early 
cut hay, too. 

Fertilizers For Wheat. 
I would like to say to Mr. Hicks that the men who are 
making the largest crops of wheat in Maryland are the 
men who have bought no nitrogen in twenty years. Some 
years ago the late Samuel T. E'arle, of Queen Anne's coun- 
ty, told me, when sitting by his fireside, that for the past 
twenty years he had averaged 40 bushels of wheat per acre, 
and during that time had bought no fertilizer except plain 
acid phosphate. Doubtless the lack of nitrogen operates 
against many farmers in Tidewater Virginia because they 
do not grow the legumes often enough on the land. Some 
farmers in Kent county use a mixture of 10 per cent, phos- 
phoric acid and 5 per cent, potash. But to get this from 
16 per cent, phosphate and muriate of potash would re- 
quire a filler or a low grade acid phosphate, to which the 
filler has been already added. But it is a fact that 80 per 
cent, of the fertilizers sold in those upper counties of the 
Eastern Shore of Maryland for wheat, contain no nitrogen 
whatver, and yet there is no section of the country which 
grows larger crops of wheat. I have insisted for thirty 
years, and still believe, that a farmer whose interest is in 
grain or cotton, need never buy an ounce of nitrogen in any 
form, if he farms right, growing legume forage and feed- ■ 
ing stock. 

Plowing Deeply. 
I would say to Mr. Rand that I have plowed the Pied- 
mont red clay in Virginia much deeper than it ever was 
plowed, and followed the plow with a subsoiler, and got 
a stand of clover and grass that was the wonder of the 
neighborhood, for the field, when plowed, had only poverty 
grass on it— "hens'-nest grass," as the darkeys call it. I 
have plowed and subsoiled the red hills deeply and got bet- 
ter crops of corn by reason of the deep breaking. Turned 
up raw in the spring, the red clay may do temporary 
hurt, but plowed in the fall and subjected to the winter 
frost, it gives very different results. I have grown a fine 
sod on this red clay when graded off fifteen feet perpen- 
dicularly, to make a level area for buildings, and i have 
an abiding faith in the red clay down to the fast rock. 
Farmer and Planter. 
The old term that grew up in the South, when the men 
who cultivated the soil were planters— planting a piece of 



778 



THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER 



[September, 



land till run down, and then letting it grow up in old-field 
pines, while another piece was planted and run down. But 
the old planting system, with its abundance of human la- 
bor, made the conditions that we find to-day in too many 
places, and necessitates farming, or cultivating, to restore 
the soil to its pristine fertility a necessity. With the pass- 
ing away of the old labor system, we must become larmers. 
land improvers rather than wasters, as before. The old 
system ran the land down to the dead skeleton of sand 
an-i clay; we must farm to restore the humus, the life of 
the soil, and while the "Southern Planter" may retain its 
old familiar name, it, too, has become the advocate and 
organ of farmers, and not planters. A new era has dawn- 
ed and old things must be done away with, and all work' 
for better practices and greater success. 
Farm Horses, 
I have been roasted for wanting some thoroughbred 
blood in a farm horse, and am glad to be backed by so co 
petent an authority as Capt. Hancock, as quoted by Til 
Hunter. 

W. F. MASSEY. 



GRASS SEEDING. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The results I have gotten during the past three years 
from sowing grass seed along with cow peas have been so 
satisfactory that I feel I shall be doing good to all inter- 
ested by giving details. 

I have been seeding, during first two weeks in June, 
both the cow peas and grass seed at the same time — once 
going over the ground, with wheat drill. Have put in five 
pecks of peas and the usual quantity of grass seed, with 
grass seeding attachment. The grass has invariably made 
a perfect "catch," and has lived under the peas and flour- 
ished far better than if it had been sown alone. The pea 
hay has been cut off in September, and the grass was then 
well rooted and matted on the ground. The cultivation of 
the land in June sprouted the surface weed seed, and the 
weeds were necessarily removed from the land along with 
the pea hay. Before frost and freezes came the grass 
had such good root that it stood the winter better, and 
in the spring the growth of grass was much earlier. The 
strength and root of the grass tended to give it a running 
start on weeds. The results have uniformly shown cleaner 
hay and a larger yield than ever before harvested from 
the same fields. 

In June, 1907, I sowed one-half of a certain field in this 
way, and in September following I sowed the other half 
of this field in rye and grass. The same fertilizer was 
used in both instances, i. e., two hundred pounds each of 
raw bone and 14% acid phosphate. I cut this season, 
early in July, about two tons per acre of very clean hay 
from the portion sown with peas. The portion sown in 
September with rye will not yield any hay until next year 
(1909.) Thus I saved one working of the land, got one 
year's crop of grass extra, and made hay of extra clean 
quality by sowing the peas and grass simultaneously in 
June. For the three months period from June to Septem- 
ber, the grass gave me one year's extra growth over the 
result from seeding rye and grass in September. 

I personally advised many of my friends to try this 



method last year. They have all reported the system as 
in every way satisfactory. 

W. T. TOWNES. 
Culpeper Co., Va. 



CONCRETE SILOS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Silos not only cost money, but very few farmers know 
how to properly build them. Ready-made stave silos may 
be bought, and are good as long as they last. Sometimes 
a storm blows them over, and it is some little trouble to 
keep them in order and in repair. 

The most lasting and easiest built silos are made of 
concrete cast in steel forms. These forms can be used 
over and over again. They consist of steel bands, each two 
or three feet wide. 

Three steel bands, each 2% feet wide for the inside, and 
three outer bands of the same width make a form 7% 
feet high. The outer bands are larger, so that there is a 
space of six inches between the inner and the outer form. 
This space is filled with concrete, into which iron rods 
are imbedded upright, 18 to 24 inches apart, and heavy 
wires are laid every eight inches horizontally as the build- 
ing goes up. 

When this form is full and completely set, the lower 
band is loosened and put on top of the upper, and the fill- 
ing in of concrete goes on. Each band has a rim into 
which the next band fits. The bands are made in four or 
six sections, held together with steel clips so they can 
readily be taken apart. 

In some States such forms can be rented, but I have seen 
none advertised in the Southern Planter. For a 14-foot 
silo the bands would probably cost less than $200. No far- 
mer cares to invest that much in forms that he would use- 
but once in a lifetime, but if ten farmers will join in the- 
purchase, the cost to each would be small and when each 
member has built his silo the forms might be advertised 
in the Southern Planter for rent or for sale, and thus most 
or all of the first cost would be made up again. 

This seems to me the most practical way. It reduces the 
cost to each, because there are ten users to begin with, 
and as the neighbors see these silos or hear of them, there 
will be more demand than if one farmer had bought the 
forms for himself. 

A round silo, 14 feet wide and 30 feet high, will hold 90 
tons of silage, which can be grown on from 7 to 12 acres, 
and will feed from 25 to 50 cattle. Where the gravel is 
right on the place and the farmer does the work, the cost 
is probably less than $200.00'. It will last a lifetime. If 
you have a windmill or hydraulic ram, or other power 
for pumping water, you can put your tank or reservoil 
on top of your concrete silo, and, if you wish, you can make 
the reservoir Or tank of concrete as well, while you ai 
building the silo. 

If farmers interested in this will write to the editor of 
the Southern Planter, he will probably gladly assist i 
forming such clubs. Bids should be obtained from a num- 
ber of structural iron works to get the lowest prices. 

On page C58, issue of August 15, 1908, of The Rural 
New Yorker, a Missouri farmer reports: 

"A woven wire fence is the best reinZorcement for ce- 
ment *silo. I have just built one, 11 x 23 feet high, six 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



779 



inch walls, reinforced from ground up (with wire), plas- 
tered inside with one part cement with two sand, and 
given a coat of tar. Walls one part cement, nine sand and 
gravel. Total cost, $48.00." 



ALFALFA GROWING IN THE SOUTH. 

(Written from Auburn, Ala., July, 1908, by Mr. Joseph 
Wing.) 
But alfalfa they can grow here, even on these sandy red 
ridges. How? Why, by liming heavily. We used to think 
that alfalfa in the South required a certain time of sow- 
ing, required this, that and the other thing. It is yet true 
that there is a right and wrong way to sow it, but we had 
not guessed the one thing that made success certain, and 
without which all the elaborate preparations in the world 
resulted in failure. We had not learned then that lime Is 
the key that unlocks the knotty problem. True, we had 
said timidly "lime," but we had not said how much. A 
little lime, we had said. Now we know that alfalfa wants 
— not a little lime, not even enough lime, but "too much 
lime," as one enthusiastic lime advocate expressed it. just 
put on "too much lime," and sow , alfalfa seed at almost 
any time of the year, and you will get alfalfa. Of course, 
if the land is also made rich you will get bigger alfalfa. 
But with "too much lime" you get alfalfa and no grasses, 
no weeds to trouble, that is the point. Without the lime 
you get nothing — the alfalfa bacteria starves the al 
falfa becomes sickly, failure results. We did think that 
fall seeding was the~ essential thing. We still think Au- 
gust or September seeding best for the South, but Mr. 
Jones, over on the lime rock, sows in March, in April, 
in May, in July or August or September, and gets good 
stands in any month. 

So we let our joy at having the problem solved at last 
swallow up our chagrin at having guessed wrongly for so 
long a time. We are glad to have the thing solved at last, 
and to know finally the secret of successful alfalfa culture 
in the South. It is, first, land not wet; next, land filled 
with lime; then manure or fertilizers to make the land 
rich; then seed, preferably in the fall, in a good seedbed, 
and the result is certain to be alfalfa. And how much 
lime? No one knows that definitely as yet. It seems that 
four tons of fresh burned lime to the acre is none too much 
and eight or ten tons of ground limestone. But land that 
is worth now $25 per acre may by the application of this 
lime and fertilizer be made to yield six crops of alfalfa 
hay a year ,worth here to feed to the plantation stock at 
least $15 per ton. Say four tons to the acre only, yielding 
$60, and with no need of sowing next year. So, little by 
little, the problems down here are being solved. Let me 
repeat again, to stop the interminable flow of questions: 
If your field of alfalfa is being devoured by crab-grass, it 
probably needs lime, much lime, and also phosphorus. 
With enough lime and phosphorus in the soil alfalfa will 
bo free from crab-grass and weeds. I hope to see the day 
when a million tons of lime will be used in a year in this 
Southland. — Breeders' Gazette. 



THE HAY CROP IN THE HUDSON YALLEY, N. Y. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

For two hundred years ot- more the Hudson river val- 
ley has been relied upon to supply the l^ev: York ho 
market. 



In this entire district very little live stock is kept, and 
not only hay, but large amounts of potatoes, oats, rye, 
straw, as well as grain are sold. Very littJil fertilizer is 
used, and little attention is given to a clot^er rotation, as 
the buyers discriminate against clover hay. 

Is it any wonder that under such abuse for two hundred 
years the crops should begin to deterirate, until at hayiBg 
time, the fields are a beautiful sight, .one great flower gar- 
den, covered with white and yellow daisies and other 
weeds, and in a few cases with the red bloom of the dread- 
ed devil's paint brush? 

Is it any wonder that the timothy runs out rapidly, and 
that a large part of the so-called hay will not pay for the 
grease used on the mower, let alone wages and rent on 
from one to five hundred dollar land, which the people will 
proudly tell you it is worth? If the land is worth this 
amount, it stands to reason that it must be made to pro- 
duce the maximum amount of crop every year, or it is a 
losing speculation. 
How can this be done? 

One way is to use clover in a short rotation — one year 
clover, one year a hoed crop, one year grain, seeded to 
clover, using a liberal amount of potash and phosphoric 
acid to ensure a clover crop. But this is a practice the 
people do not take kindly to. They have been growing hay 
ever since the Dutch farmers settled on the river, and they 
have no notion of changing. Even if they did, they do not 
keep sufficient stock to eat the clover, and clover hay is 
discriminated against by the city buyer, who does not 
know its value. 

Under these circumstances the more progressive farmers 
are experimenting to see if, considering the high price of 
hay, they cannot use commercial fertilizers to keep up the 
yield of the meadows at a profit. Wherever judgment has 
been used in the selection of the fertilizer, good results 
have been obtained. 

At New Paltz I saw a field, part of which had been fer- 
tilized, on which there was easily three times the yield 
that was on the unfertilized. The owner claimed that it 
was the most profitable investment that he had ever made. 
Another field which I had the pleasure of inspecting at 
Coxackie, was an even solid mass of timothy, while on the 
opposite side of the fence was a field which had been seed- 
ed a year later and upon which no fertilizer had been used. 
It was full of daisies, with a weak growth of timothy. 

In both these cases the daisies were still in the hay, but 
the fertilizer stimulated the growth of timothy so that 
it almost smothered the daisies, and they made such a weak 
growth that they could hardly be noticed, while in the un- 
fertilized plots the bulk of the crop would be weeds. So 
we see that the fertilizer not only increased the yield, but 
also would double the value of the hay per ton. 
What shall they use 

Any good standard fertilizer, such as 4-8-7, or 4-6-10, or 
6-7-7 will give good results, if applied at the rate of from 
300 to 600 pounds per acre. Probably a better way would 
be to apply 150 pounds of potash and 500 pounds acid 
phosphate early in the spring or in the fall, so that it will 
be wellwashed in around the roots of the grass, and then 
apply 150 to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda per ac-e just 
when the grass is beginning to grow. 

G. FRED. MARSH. 



780 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEK 



[September, 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The work of harvesting, storing and marketing the crops 
as they mature should have constant attention. Do not let 
products become overripe or overgrown before they are 
gathered, but yet let them be so fully matured that when 
stored they will not shrivel , and when shipped they will 
come on the market in perfection for eating. Gather only 
when dry, and keep in a cool, airy shed until shipped, or 
xintil they are cooled off for storing. In handling the apple 
tjrop for the market we are satisfied that much more money 
could be realized if the finest fruit was put up in small 
baskets or boxes holding, say half a bushel each. These 
would be largely bought by small families who only want 
a supply for quick consumption, and who would readily 
give a higher price for a package they can carry along 
with them. Do not send defective or inferior fruit to the 
market, but keep at home and preserve or dry for family 
use. When shipped these bring only at least about enough 
to pay for shipping and packages. Carefully handled at 
home they will make as good preserves or dried fruit as 
the best. 



Irish and sweet potatoes should be dug as they mature. 
Do not let them stop in the ground after they are ripe. 
They will never keep so well as when dug as soon as ripe 
and carefully dried out. The injured and diseased tubers 
should be carefully sorted out as soon as possible after 
digging. If left with the sound ones they soon spread di- 
sease amongst them. Dig only when the ground is dry, 
and when the tubers can be gathered free from soil stick- 
ing to them. They should be allowed to dry off on the 
field for a few hours if the sun is not too hot, and then be 
spread in a dry, airy shed, not too thickly, so that they 
will complete the drying. Irish potatoes may be kept 
stored in a dry frost-proof cellar, covered with straw to 
exclude the light, and keep an even temperature, or they 
may be made into pies or kilns on high dry land, and be 
covered with straw and boards to keep out the wet until 
they have passed through the sweat, and then the pie or 
kiln should be covered with soil to the depth of six or 
eight inches to keep out frost and preserve an equable 
temperature. Sweet potatoes should be stored in a root 
cellar, where a temperature of fifty degrees can be main- 
tained. They may be there kept in ventilated bins or 
boxes, or if this provision cannot be provided they may 
be packed away in pine tags, and covered with dry sand 
sufficient to keep them warm and dry. Onions should be 
stored on slatted shelves in an airy, dry shed. They can 
stand a low temperature without injury, and even if 
slightly frozen will thaw out all right if kept in the 
dark. Beets and carrots should be stored in dry sand in 
a cellar. 



Kale and spinach seed should be sowed in the field where 
the crop is to mature. Sow in rows wide enough to admit 
of cultivation. 



plants to set out in the field in November. When the 
plants are large enough to handle prick them out in beda 
to grow on until wanted to plant out. Don't make these 
beds too rich, as what is wanted is short, stocky plants. 



Cabbage plants raised for the fall crops should be set 
out in rich, well prepared land, and they should be pushed 
on by frequent cultivation and top dressings of nitrate of 
soda. 



Potato-onion sets may be set out this month and next. 
They make the earliest green onions for the market and 
ripe bulbs, which will be ready before the spring-sown 
ones. Set in rows 2-feet, 6 inches apart and six inches 
apart in the rows, and make the soil fine and rich. 



Lettuce seed should be sowed for raising plants to set in 
the frames for the winter and early spring crop. As soon 
as the plants are large enough to handle they should be 
pricked out in rows four inches apart in the frames for 
the first winter crop. The old soil in the frames should 
be removed and new, sweet, well prepared soil be sub- 
stituted. Make the soil moderately rich with manure and 
a complete fertilizer. Later plantings may be made from 
the seed beds for succession crops. Give plenty of air to 
the frames so long as the weather keeps mild. 



Cabbage seed should be sowed in frames or beds to raise 



Continue to set out strawberry plants on well prepared 
land, made moderately rich with manure and fertilizer. 



THE COMING APPLE CROP IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

As the apple crop approaches maturity every orchardist 
begins to think how he can dispose of his crop to the best 
advantage. While the average crop in the State is quite 
short, yet in some sections, notably in the Crozet-Green- 
wood section of Albemarle, and thence northward into 
Rappahannock, quite good crops are reported. In addition 
all reports agree that the apples are smoother and finer 
than usual; hence it may be expected that though the 
average of the State may be short, yet the quality is much 
superior to ordinary. This may be due in a great degree 
to the better care and methods of orchard management 
that are now prevailing in a very marked way. What, 
therefore remains to be done, is to make the most of the 
crop by putting them on the market in the most attract- 
ive form. From now until picking time, the greatest dan- 
ger is of Bitter Rot. This destructive fungus disease has 
made its appearance, and the wide-awake orchardists are 
busy trying to check it by spraying. All through this 
section of Albemarle, men, teams and wagons whitened 
with spray, are much in evidence. Merchants report a 
bigger demand for Blue-Stone than ever before. Wherever 
orchardists have not sprayed against Bitter Rot, they would 
be well advised to lose no time in doing so; while the 
treatment does not save such apples as are already in- 
fected, yet it checks further infection, and has come to 
be regarded in the light of an insurance. The next, and 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERI^ PLANTER. 



781 



last, process, is the picking and packing of the crop. Here 
unfortunately, many men fail to attain the best results, and 
there has been much complaint by buyers of bad packing, 
and bruised off-grade apples placed in the barrels. In 
order to acquire the confidence of the buyers members ot 
the State Horticultural Society determined to organize 
packing associations, who would guarantee the contents ot 
the packages put up by them to be up to the grade marked 
on the package with the associations' packing label. So 
far, two of these associations have been organized. The 
Virginia Growers' and Packers' Association, working mostly 
in the Piedmont district, of which Mr. R. E. Wayland, of 
Crozet, Albemarle county, is secretary, and The Shenandoah 
"Valley Packers' Association, of which Mr. j! Lucien Moo 
maw, of Cloverdale, is secretary. Orchardists interested 
can obtain all particulars on application to these gentle- 
men, and the sooner they do so the better. We must 
establish confidence in Virginia apples being packed to 
grades marked, the method so often used, of facing up 
with first-class apples, and stuffing with a lot of wormy 
or defective fruit should be relegated to days of the past 
so far as Virginia apples are concerned, until this is the 
case, confidence cannot be restored among the buyers. 

WALTE-R WHATELY, 
Secy & Treas. Va. State Hort. Society. 
Albemarle Co., Va. 



THE EXHIBITS OF FRUIT AT THE STATE FAIR. 

Editor Southern Planter ; 

Before your October issue is in the hands of subscrib- 
ers, apples will be picked, and the State Fair on. Permit 
me to remind orchardists throughout the State that the 
Virginia State Horticultural Society is making every effort 
to display a really creditable collection of Virginia fruits 
and vegetables at both the Interstate Fair at Lynchburg, 
and the State Fair at Richmond; we propose to send this 
exhibit on to the State fairs in North and South Carolina. 
In order to have the exhibits named we must have the co- 
operation of fruit growers to select and send specimens 
to make up the exhibit. I made full reference to the ar- 
rangement in your last month's issue, any orchardist can 
refer back to that letter. We also offer a fine premium list 
for an exhibit of fruit at the annual meeting of the So- 
ciety in Lynchburg, January G, 7, 8, 1909, for which 
specimens must, of course, be selected while handling the 
apple crop, and then put in cold storage. I hope to have 
the premium list ready for distribution in a few days. 

WALTER WHATELY, 
Secy. & Treas. Va. State Hort. Society. 

Albemarle Co., Va. 



THE HIGHLAND (NEW YORK) FRUIT BELT 

Editor Southern Planter; 

One of the most interesting fruit districts in the United 
States is in New York, on the west side of the Hudson 
river, extending from Middle Hope, nearly as far as Kings- 
ton, on the north, but centering around the thriving town 
of Highland. 

Here, I was proudly told by one of the old residents, 
who had done his part in building up this great industry. 
Is the only place in the world where ten varieties of fruit 
■will grow to perfection. Other places may grow one or 
two varieties at their best, but here all do especially well. 



The season is commenced by the strawberry, then follow 
in rotation, raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseber- 
ries, peaches, pears, plums, grapes and apples, which 
certainly is an exceptional record for one locality. 

The soil is thin, stony and rocky, derived from an under- 
lying slate rock, tilted up almost perpendicular and badly 
shattered by some violent convulsion in the early history 
of the world. The cracks in the rock give the best of nat- 
ural underdrainage, which disposes of all surplus water, 
while at the same time acting as a sponge, to hold the 
water from the summer showers, preventing the water 
from running off and keeping it for the future use of the 
plants. 

Intensive cultivation is the rule, and the custom fa to 
train the grapes high, plant currant bushes under the- 
grapes, and then strawberries between the rows. Or you 
will see apple trees with peaches between, and the space- 
between them filled with raspberries or blackberries. No- 
where have I seen so large a number of fruit plants of 
different kinds to the acre. 

This intensive cultivation, as would be expected, re- 
quires large amounts of plant food. Owing to the faolt 
that the great number of plants prevent a general use of 
cover crops, manure has been found to be one of the best 
fertilizers, as it supplies not only the necessary plant food, 
but also the humus. This manure is obtained in large 
quantities from New York, and has been used very gen- 
erally in the past, but it was soon found to be an unbal- 
anced fertilizer. The strawberries became soft and pale 
in color, with frequent complaints about their bad condi- 
tion from the New York commission men. 

While the peaches and other fruits decreased in yield, 
they also lost their color. This set the growers thinking, 
and they began to use commercial fertilizers, especially 
those rich in phosphoric acid and potash, with the result 
that the wood ripened up well in the fall, and both the 
yield and the quality of the fruit was good. The straw- 
berries were of high color and shipped well; in fact, one 
strawberry buyer said that where a farmer uses plenty of 
a properly balanced fertilizer, he need not fear the receipt 
of telegram.s saying that his berries had arrived In poor 
condition. 

The same conditions were found in the Norfolk (Va.) 
trucking district, where the growers will scarcely use ma- 
nure at all, claiming that it gives a soft berry tuat will 
not ship well, but use large quantities of a fertilizer, 
averaging about 2-8-10. 

This analysis was found to be a favorite with the High- 
land growers. While those who used large quantities of 
manure used a 10-8 goods (that is, a fertilizer containing 
ten per cent, acid, and eight per cent, potash), thinking 
that they obtained sufficient nitrogen from the manui'e. In 
fact, the analysis of the average manure which will contain 
ten pounds of nitrogen, five pounds phosphoric acid, and 
ten pounds of potash, shows that there is an excess of nitro- 
gen which can be balanced by adding about twenty-five 
pounds of potash, and eighty-five of phosphoric acid, or 
125 pounds of 10-8 goods to each load of manure. 

The most successful fruit growers use large quantities, 
from 1,000 to J, SCO per acre of 2-8-10, or 10-8 goods, or it« 
equivalent, made from a mixture of sulphate of potash, 
bone meal and acid phosphate. 

G. FRED. MARSH. 



782 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



[September, 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



FEEDING CORN AND BY-PRODUCTS. 

(Continued from August issue.) 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Corn stover, as already indicated, is simply the stalk 
without the ear. Stover may be fed whole, cut or 
shredded, and at the outset it is well to emphasize the fact 
that the feeding value of stover is, as a rule, grievously un- 
derestimated, and hence one of the most important and 
desirable forms of roughness available on the average farm 
is neglected, and, in many instances, entirely wasted. Care- 
ful examination by a number of experiment stations has 
revealed the fact that from one-half to two-thirds of the 
nutrients of the corn plant are found in the grain and 
the balance in the stover, and it will be proper to consider 
in this connection the distribution of the nutrients, for 
public opinion to the contrary, a very considerable portion 
of the nutrients are contained in the butts, and though 
these are probably not as easily masticated or digested as 
the top, blades, shucks, etc., when shredded a considerable 
percentage of the basal part of the stalks is consumed. It 
Is important, therefore, in saving the fodder to secure first 
of all the leaves, blades, shucks and the top part of the 
stalk, but none of it should be wasted, and it is entirely 
a mistake to either top or pull fodder, when the same 
amount of labor would practically insure the saving of 
the entire crop, and the digestion and assimilation of a 
very much larger amount of the total nutrients produced 
than where only the top fodder is fed. 

On the other hand, it will not pay to run stover through 
a cutting box, or shredder, simply to induce the animals 
to eat a larger per cent, of the butts, but as modern mach- 
inery has made it possible to shuck and shred corn at the 
same time with a comparatively small number of laborers, 
it puts an entirely different phase on this proposition, and 
wherever it is possible to shred or cut the fodder, it is cer- 
tainly advisable to do so because the animals will un- 
doubtedly eat a larger per cent, of it, and the waste is in 
excellent condition to use as bedding, making, in fact, a 
very good absorbent, and there will be no difficulty in dis- 
tributing the resulting manure with the spreader. 

As to the relative merits of cut and shredded fodder, 
there is much diversity ofs opinion. Cutting the fodder 
comparatively short has been a satisfactory practice with 
us, and we have had few animals develop sore mouths, but 
this is possibly due to the fact that we have never fed 
exclusively on cut fodder. In our experience using one 
cutting knife and one shredder head has given more satis- 
factory results than either cutting or shredding alone. 
One material advantage in using cut, or shredded fodder, 
is the fact that it can be moistened with water, and have 
either concentrates or roots, both, if desirable, mixed in 
with it. A mixture of this kind left in a pile for a day or 
two will soften down very materially, and will be eaten 
with great relish by live-stock. In other words, the pala- 
tability of cut or shredded stover can be materially in- 
creased; whereas, it would be difficult to effect the con- 
sumption of the whole fodder. Some have thought by pull- 
ing the ears and feeding the stover and grain separately 



that a much larger gain would be obtained. Experimental 
data do not bear out this belief. A more intelligent con- 
ception of the relative merits of corn fodder and stover in 
its various forms, as compared witn timothy hay, will be 
obtaine. by i examining the appended table. 

PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF THE CORN PLANT. 



NAME. 


a; 




P 

at 

O 


0) 


p g n 




Corn fodder 


4?. 2 
40.5 
50.9 
30.0 


2.7 
3.4 
1.8 
5.5 


4.6 
3.8 
2.5 
6.0 


14.8 
19.7 
15.8 
21.4 


34.7 
31.5 
28.3 
36.7 


1.6 
1.1 
0.7 
1.4 


Corn itover 


Corn husks 


Corn leaves 

Corn stalks 


Timothvhfty 


13.2 


4.4 


5.9 


29.0 


45.0 


2 5 







That corn stover has a higher feeding value 
than is generally accorded it is shown by the following 
data, obtained in a feeding trial with dairy cows at the 
Virginia Experiment Station. Twenty-four animals were 
fed in this test, twelve of them receiving hay and twelve 
of them stover. Those receiving timothy hay made a gal- 
lon of milk at a cost of 5.26 cents, and a pound of butter 
at a cost of 12.'66 cents. Those receiving stover made a 
gallon of milk at a cost of 5.98 cents, and a pound of but- 
ter at a cost of 13.96 cents, which indicates that stover as 
a roughness had practically the same feeding value as 
the hay. This is a very important consideration, for there 
are many places where timothy hay cannot be grown satis- 
factorily, and where thousands of tons of corn stover are 
annually allowed to go to waste because it is not believed it 
can be utilized profitably in feeding dairy cattle. In fact, 
the value of roughness in the maintenance and nutrition 
of live-stock has been greatly underestimated because in 
the past concentrates have been compartively cheap, but 
now, that they are annually becoming more and more 
costly, the farmer must devise a means of reducing the 
cost of making milk and butter. By the proper utiliza- 
tion of cheap forms of roughness, such as corn fodder, 
which have hitherto been frequently neglected, he can 
achieve the desired end, and at the same time leave him- 
self a considerable quantity of high-priced hay to dispose 
of, and for which he can find a ready sale at remunerative 
prices. 

DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENTS IN THE CORN PLANT. 



AME. 


Is 


a 
S 
2 


M*^ O 
0) l< o 

Mcu't; 


i 


Corn fodder {field cured). 
Corn stover (field cured). 
Timothy hay 


1156.0 
1190.0 
1736.0 


50.0 
34.0 
56. 


692.0 
648.0 
868.0 


24.0 
14.0 
28.0 







The value of stover as a roughness for beef cattle was 
brought out nicely by the following trial, made at the 
Virginia Experiment Station, where twenty head of cattle 
were fed silage as a roughness for 180 days, and made an 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



783 



average daily gain of 1.46 pounds. Twenty head of cattle 
fed shredded stover e "t an p\/^erage daily gain in the 
same time of .97 pounds. Twei .y head of cattle fed mixed 
hay, timothy predomina ing, made an average daily gain 
og 1.10 pounds. From a financial viewpoint these experi- 
ments indicated that the silage-fed cattle would have to 
be sold on a margin of 1.25 cents, the stover-fed cattle on 
a margin of 1.5 cents, sind the hay-fed catile on a margin 
of 2 cents, to enable a farmer to make a fair i iofit on 
handling and feeding them. The results naturally indi- 
cate the superiority of silage as a roughness for cattle, 
but they likewise show that stover was a more economical 
roughness than mixed hay, owing largely to the difference 
in cost price of the two, and to the fact that nearly as 
large gains were made by the cattle fed stover as those 
receiving hay. 

Is not this evidence worthy of consideration, and does 
it not show very clearly that a good quality of stover made 
and preserved can, as a rule, be made to take the place 
of many more expensive forms of roughness which are now 
commonly fed? If the stover were cut at the right time 
and properly shocked, cured and handled, it certainly 
would contain a higher per cent, of digestible nutrients 
than it frequently does, owing to mismanagement and 
neglect, to which it is subjected on the average farm. 
Surely, this is a matter of suflBcient economic importance 
to indelibly impress itself on the minds of all thoughtful 
farmers, and make them give more attention to that part 
of the corn stalk which they have so grievously neglected 
in the past by reason of a failure to appreciate its true 
feeding value. 

In this connection it will be proper to quote from an 
experiment made by the writer which shows that stover, 
when fed with a leguminous hay will give better results 
than indicated above. 

FEEDING STOVER TO BEEF CATTLE. 



RATION. 



Corn Stover, Cotton Seed 
Meal and Bran, Corn Meal 

Corn Stover, Pea Hay, Corn 
Meal 



Wo 



1.6 
1.3 



S ho 

a ® 
o 



Cost 
lb. of 
gain— 

cts. 



8.2 
10.3 



7.44 
7.70 



We have also found a small amount of stover when fed 
with silage to be a desirable addition to the ration. It will 
take the place of oat straw and other forms of roughness 
which are not commonly available in the South, and good 
shredded stover can certainly be fed as a maintenance 
ration to all work stock, and to horses and mules during 
the winter to good advantage. It had best not be the ex- 
clusive ration, and if some leguminous hays are fed along 
with it so much the better, but its value as a maintenance 
ration for growing cattle and for horses and mules has 
been grievously underestimated in the past. 

ANDREW M. SOTJLE. 
{To he continued.) 



THE FUTURE OF THE BERKSHIRE HOG. 

11^ Editor Southern Planter; 

'' I have been raising Berkshire hogs for some years, and 



with considerable success; therefore, I think I am in a 
position to speak of the merits and demerits of this breed 
of bogs. I do not aflSrm that the Berkshire is the best of 
all thv, breeds, but do affirm that this is as good as any 
other breed, size excepted, and excels most all others in 
many respects. These being facts, why is it the Berkshire 
is a laggard in the race for popular favor, when he is the 
oldest recorded breed known to the farmer? Where is the 
proof to substantiate this statement? There were 30,000 
Duroc-Jerseys recorded last year to 11,000 Berkshires. The 
Berkshires have had a record for thirty years, and the 
Durocs for sixteen. Why is the Berkshire hog losing 
ground when Mr. A. J. Lovejoy is authority for the state- 
ment that the packers say his meat is the best to top the 
market, as regards quality, and it does not shrink as much 
as the meat of other breeds? The American Berkshire 
Association made the mistake some years ago, of estab- 
lishing a standard too high in many particulars — espec- 
ially as to non-essentials — the consequences of which have 
been far-reaching, to the detriment of the Berkshire. As 
to color markings. The score card says the Berkshire 
is black, with white in face, on feet, tip of tail, and a 
splash is permitted on the shoulder. The American Berk- 
shire Association has proclaimed these requirements from 
the housetops, and as a consequence every prospective 
buyer wants to know "if the pig is regular," if not, he 
doesn't want him; or, if he does buy, it is at a lower price. 
As a fact, not one-tenth of the Berkshires are properly 
marked. Of course, there must be a standard as lo color 
and markings, but the standard as now fixed, is unreason- 
able, and totally lacking in common sense. Another re- 
quirement is, the hog must have very short legs, when 
every breeder in the country knows a Berkshire sow with 
a short body and short legs is not worth having, the long- 
bodied, long-legged sow will farrow two pigs to the other's 
one. The Association has emphasized the fact that the 
Berkshire's head must be exceedingly short, and his nose 
to appear like a semi-circle. As a result a great many 
Berkshires are rejected on account of long noses, when 
otherwise perfect. Can't the American Berkshire Associa- 
tion learn something from the score-card of the Duroc- 
Jerseys? Their record says nothing about the nose of the 
hog, and simply requires "the face to be nicely dished, 
half way between the Poland-China and Berkshire." It 
strikes me forcibly the American Berkshire Association, 
when fixing a standard for the Berkshires, never once took 
into consideration these facts. Hogs are only serviceable 
as meat, and the ultimate end is the block. Everybody 
can't raise these hogs to sell as stock. In a few years 
the majority of breeders must sell to the packer. And 
the farmer wants the hog that will make the greatest 
number of pounds in the shortest time. 

I have read with interest the proceedings of the late 
American Berkshire Congress held at Nashville in Febru- 
ary last, and it is very clear they have seen the "writing 
on the wall," and have proposed certain expedients to set 
aright the mistakes in the past, and to stop the stampede 
of the Western farmer towards the ranks of the Duroc-Jer- 
sey. 

Expedients. 
A field department; an advanced registry; awarding pre- 
miums at State fairs. 



784 



THE SOUTHERIT PLANTER 



[September.. 



Want of space forbids comment on these propositions, 
but tliey are simply expedients, and do not meet the needs 
of the case. It is doctoring symptoms and not the disease. 
The Western breeders are responsible to a great extent 
for present conditions that militate against the Berkshire. 
Why so? They have been pulling together, and have been 
selling Berkshires at about five times their real value at 
their public sales, and in this way have gotten it in to 
the heads of the farmers that it takes a rich man to stock 
up with the Berkshire; and the truth is, it does if you buy 
from the West. Under present Western prices the farm- 
ers of small means must put a mortgage on his farm or sell 
it to buy a pair of Berkshire hogs. 
The Public Sale. 

The public sales held by the Western breeders have put 
a great deal of money in their pockets without correspond- 
ing benefit to the buyers. This is a pretty broad state- 
ment. Now, let us see if it is sustained by the evidence? 
Messrs. F. W. Morgan, C. F. Curtis, and H. B. Brown 
were appointed a Committee on Breeding Better Berk- 
shires. These gentlemen made a report to the last Berk- 
shire Congress, stating they had written to all the breed- 
ers whose names they could secure, and filed along with 
this report responses from 158 breeders, located all over 
the country. Almost to a man, they, the breeders, at- 
tacked the system of fitting animals for the show ring- 
that is, by feeding large quantities of corn, thereby put- 
ting on every possible pound of flesh; the object being to 
cover up as many defects as possible with fat; thus almost 
entirely incapacitating the hog for good breeding. More- 
over, these breeders declared they had bought a great 
many of these show animals, and they had turned out 
bad breeders. H. C. and H. B. Harpending say, in the 
May issue of The Farm Home: "We have purchased five 
or six boars from Western herds, and they were of the 
best breeding, and good to look at; but there it ended. 
They were gobs of fat, and it would take us three or four 
months, with judicious feeding and forced exercise, to get 
them in shape, so that we could use them at all.'' I lay 
great stress upon such evidence, as it comes direct from 
the people who ought to know, as they speak from experi- 
ence. So it appears a good many of the Western breeders 
are selling goods they can't deliver. 

There have been very few public sales in the South. The 
public sale is not the best place for the intelligent farm- 
er to get his stock; he sees the animals in their Sunday 
clothes, as a rule, has very little opportunity to ask any- 
thing about their performances in the past; and besides, 
how does he know how many by-bidders are standing 
around to boost the price. The place to buy your stock is 
at the home of the breeders; go there and not only examine 
critically the pig you propose to buy, but take a good look 
at his sire and dam. Find out how many pigs the dam 
usually has in a litter, and if she is a good suckler. There 
is far more in the individual than in the pedigree, but you 
want both combined if possible. The breeder of the South 
has never received one-half the price obtained by the 
Western men, notwithstanding the animals and their pedi- 
grees were just as good. And as to the breeders in Vir- 
ginia, they have been asking a mere pittance for their 
Berkshires. This is not right, the same hog under the 



same conditions ought to bring the same price whether be 
be born in the West or Soutn. 

It is high time the American Berkshire AssociatioE- 
should sit up and take notice. The score-card will have 
to be revised along the lines indicated above; and the 
Western breeder will have to cut his prices in two; or the- 
Southern breeders will be forced to form an associatioE^ 
of their own, and establish a new record along the linee- 
of utility and common sense. 

The writer has no Berkshires to sell, and does not owe. 
one at present. 

E. W. ARMISIEAB. 

South Boston, Va. 



MAKING CHEAP PORK WITH GRAZING CROPS 

(This, the first of a series of articles which we shall pui>- 
lish upon the important subject of Hog Husbandry in the- 
South. The articles will deal with every phase of th«v 
subject, and review the experiments made in various sec- 
tions of the country with all the different grazing anfi 
feeding crops used in hog feeding. Every farmer inter- 
ested in hog raising, and every farmer ought to be,, should 
carefully read these articles, and he will then be in po»- 
session of all the facts which should go to make him a suc- 
cessful hog raiser. — Ed.) 



Editor Southern Planter: 

At the outset it will be well to compare the economy o-f' 
swine husbandry with that of cattle raising. Lawes A- 
Gilbert, the celebrated English investigators, have showit 
conclusively that the fattening ox consumes 12 to 15 pound» 
of dry substance per pound of gain as compared with 4 t©- 
5 pounds for hogs. Thus two or more pounds of pork caE 
be made on the food required for one pound of beef. 
Though the sheep is considered one of the most profitable 
and economical animals to maintain on the farm, the hog- 
makes a pound of gain on one-third to one-half less dry 
food. The hog also yields a high per cent, of dressed meat 
— trom 74 to 82 per cent. With cattle the per cent, of 
useful cuts runs down as low as 45, though in some cases- 
it may go as high as 70; and with sheep, depending on the- 
age and condition, from 40 to 60 per cent. The hog is ait 
economical animal to maintain, as well as an excellent 
scavenger though care should be taken in maintaining hogs 
on slops to see that the containers and the pens are prop- 
erly disinfected, for there is little doubt that many of the 
outbreaks of hog cholera are due to a neglect of these mat- 
ters. 

Small Capital and Equipment required. 

There is another reason why hog ranching might be en- 
gaged in to advantage, namely, the cheapness of the equip- 
ment needed to carry on the business on a large scale. 
The purchase of a few good brood sows and a pure-bred 
boar of one of the recognized breeds does not call for a 
very large outlay of cash, which is often an important mat- 
ter with the small farmer. The shelters or building* 
leeded for hogs can be cheaply and easily constructed. Id 
fact, suitable pens for the brood sows may be made »*• 
home out of pine boards and 2x4 scantling. These may 
be built on skids, and should have a good plank floor. The 
floor should slope so as to drain well, and the house need 
not be more than three feet high at the back and seress. 



1S«8.] 



THE SOUTHEK^ PLANTER 



185 



lefflt in front. It may not be more than six or eight feet 
s«i«iare. The pig rail should be eight inches above the 
ftsoT and project out into the pen twelve inches, to pre- 
vwat the sow from lying on the young ones and killing 
■tfe'sm at farrowing time.' The roof may be shingled, or it 
may be made of rough boards with battens. One side of 
tfc« pen may be left open or a door constructed so the sun- 
Ilgbt and air can enter freely, or for that matter, a swing- 
ing door can be made so that the pigs can get in and out 
at will. A pen of this character can be drawn from place 
to place with a horse, and a dozen of them can be erected 
sxt a. cost of a few dollars. Of course, much more elaborate 
and expensive structures may be built, if desired, but they 
■mill not be any more satisfactory. 

Quick Returns on Investment. 

Wot the small farmer, the hog is the animal par excel- 
Itsace to grow, as he matures in from ten to twelve months, 
.as/fi has a ready cash value on t^e market. Furthermore, 
&0(gB can be raised cheaper than any other class of stock, 
fc<r ander the modified system or practice outlined below 
h.c^s may be made to weigh 180 to 200 pounds in ten to 
tw<3i!ve months on a minimum ration of grain, say five to 
tem bushels of corn. This compared with the exclusive 
.c«jm fattening generally practiced would revolutionize the 
wSsste business from a financial standpoint. The South 
'ileie& not grow corn on anything like the scale followed 
in the West, but it has been clearly demonstrated that sub- 
■s^itntes of equal value to corn can be utilized in the South 
.■at a minimum of cost, so that the compensating influences 
■of nature have placed the Southern farmer on a plane 
•wfaere he can compete successfully with the Western hog 

Inroads of Cholera. 

The hog has long been recognized as a mortgage lifter, 
^Kt his good qualities are often ignored because of the 
Inrcxads which the dreaded disease, cholera, makes all toe 
frecjuently in the herd. There is no "cure all" for chol- 
era, but if the hog were generally prized and given that 
attention whi^ h he merits, there would be less trouble 
■from cholera. Diseased hogs should be isolated, and when 
vjbey die, destroyed by burning. A large per cent, of the 
liflgs raised are aflowed to range at will, and should one 
.tdie, the carcoss is left just where it fell, and buzzards and 
'Other birds scatter the germs here and there. Many of 
4iie hogs that die contaminate the streams, and animals 
•farther down contract the disease in this way. The man 
"Who hopes to make money out of bogs must look after the 
sanitary condition of his animals, disinfect them properly, 
see that the pens are well cleaned and cared for, and that 
■wholesome food is provided. Attention to these details 
"WiJl generally be found effectual in protecting the herd. 
Essentials for Successful Hog Raising. 
This brings us to a consideration of some of the essen- 
tifals for successful hog raising. Among the first things 
<aeeded is a cheap supply of grain. Where this is lacking 
Hie would-be hog raiser has concluded that the business 
-cam not be followed successfully. It has only occurred 
ito us during recent years that many desirable substitutes 
;for corn and other grains might be found. It is now so 
^well established that grazing crops, in which the legumes 
^predominate, can be utilized for the maturing of hogs 



that the grain problem has been solved in a highly prac- 
tical and satisfactory manned. 

Another great drawback which was thought to be a se- 
rious obstacle for many years, was the lack of skim milk. 
But it is quite possible to grow good thrifty pigs, and make 
them thrive from the beginning at a moderate cost, on 
grazing crops. After all, this is not so very surprising, 
and it is not strange that the conditions to which we have 
subjected swine since bringing them under domestication 
should be entirely at variance with the environment to 
which they were accustomed in a state of nature. It is 
well known that the wild hog lives largely on grass, roots, 
mast, etc., and yet it is generally believed that the only 
way to grow hogs is through the use of corn, grain and 
skim milk, and these failing, the business must of neces- 
sity be abandoned. In the South, where there are thou- 
sands of acres of rough land yielding an abundance of 
mast, and where such a variety of leguminous crops can 
be grown successfully, the lack of corn and skim milk 
need not deter any ,one from entering the field of swine 
husbandry and making the business highly profitable. 
Quality and Character of Animals Available. 
Some have said that the prevailing type of hogs found 
in the South is unsatisfactory for the economical produc- 
tion of pork. In certain experiments made at the Wiscon- 
sin Station, it was shown that the razor-back swine 
yielded as high a per cent, of dressed meat as different 
types of pure-bred hogs. Now, do not misunderstand me. 
I do not advocate the exclusive use of the native hog, 
though he has some virtues which may properly be extoll- 
ed; but the native brood sow, if mated with a pure-bred 
sire,, will produce a type of hog for use on the average 
farm which will prove satisfactory in every way, and a 
vast improvement over the native or scrub. The impor- 
tance of using a pure-bred sire is evidenced by the fact 
that high grades will weigh one-half more, and in some in- 
stances twice as much as the native hog at the end of eight 
or twelve months of age, and when slaughtered will not 
lose more than 20 to 25 per cent, of the live weight; where- 
as, the native or scrub will seldom dress out more than 60 
to G5 per cent, of the live weight. 

There is another great advantage in the cross of the pure- 
bred sire on the native type in that the bacon made by 
the high grades on peanuts, chufas and other crops which 
tend to make the fat soft and oily, is of a much firmer 
and more desirable texture. At least, this is the judgment 
of Bennett, of the Arkansas Station, who has made a 
thorough study of this question. As a pure-bred sire of 
the highest type can be purchased at a cost of $15.00' to 
$25.00, there are few if any farmers who can not afford 
to make an investment which gives them animals possess- 
ing such material advantages over the razor-back type. 
At the same time the native hog, being inured to certain 
hardships, is not so likely to succumb to disease. He is 
of necessity a better rustler and will gather his food with 
greater relish, and the quality of meat obtained is greatly 
superior to that of the lard-producing type raised exclu- 
sively in the West. 

The kind of stock we have on hand, therefore, is almost 
ideal for foundation purposes. Earlier maturity and a more 
desirable conformation, that is, shorter legs, a greater 
depth of side and better developed hams and shoulders, 



r86 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE 



[September, 



will follow the crossing of a pure-bred sire, say of the 
Berkshire type, on our native stock. It is a cross of this 
kind that has produced the famous Smithfield hams, which 
command year in and year out 28 to 30 cents a pound at 
wholesale; and so great has become the demand for this 
class of hams that it is now said that many hogs are 
shipped in from the West and slaughtered in the vicinity 
of Smithfield, the hams cured after the process so success- 
fully practiced there, and sold as the genuine article. 
Farmers of the South, this is a misfortune for you, for the 
flavor and quality of the ham made under the grazing sys- 
tem is superior to that made fro mWestern grown hogs and 
this is a trade which has been developed to a highly satis- 
factory degree, and there is no reason why it should not 
prove one of the most lucrative and profitable forms of 
farming you can engage in. It is to be hoped that a word 
of warning along this line will be sufiicient, and that you 
will rise to the occasion and keep intact your reputation 
for growing and curing the choicest quality of bacon and 
ham known to the civilized world. .Expand the business 
as you should until it meets all the demands of the mar- 
ket, for with a rapidly increasing leisure class, there are 
thousands of people with plenty of money and epicurean 
tastes who are willing to pay any priCe for an article that 
suits them, and hams at 25 to 35 cents per pound mean 
money to the swine raiser. 

There is no secret about raising and growing hogs of 
the type that will yield fancy hams. The poorest farmer, 
by giving attention to the business, can accomplish it just 
as well as the wealthiest. There is more difficulty in 
curing and preserving the hams properly, but the method 
pursued in many sections of the South is well known, and 
there is no reason why it should not be imitated with suc- 
cess. 

Necessity of Community Slaughter Houses. 

One of the things that is needed to make the business 
grow and develop as it should is the construction of a 
slaughter house for a given community, where all the 
hogs of a certain type can be brought and slaughtered 
under uniform conditions, the hams dressed and cured 
after the most approved method, and sorted and graded 
and sold according to class and quality. It would cost 
practically nothing to establish such a slaughtering sta- 
tion; and yet if the hams could be obtained in quantity 
of a uniform grade and quality, the buyers would come 
right to the factory door and pay fancy prices, and be only 
too glad of the opportunity to take them away. 

"We are loolcing at the present time for some means by 
which we can increase the profitableness of our agricul- 
tural lands. Here is a means right at our own door, and 
a great and important industry shamefully neglected be- 
cause it is not appreciated. We have thousands and thou- 
sands of acres of land well suited for ranging hogs; and a 
few of the acres we are scratching over and cultivating 
in cotton, corn and other crops, sometimes at a profit bivt 
often at a loss, could be put in grazing crops and utilized 
t'" maintain an improved type of hogs at a good profit to 
the owners. 

No Difficulty in Curing Choice Hams. 

The curing of a ham that wi.ll equal the choicest output 
of Smithfield is a simple matter if proper care and atten- 
tion are taken. First of all, the hogs should weigh from 



180 to 200 pounds. They should be brought to this weight 
in ten months, and should not be fed much corn. They 
should be allowed to range as much as possible, because 
that insures a better blending of.the fat and lean. In the 
early winter slaughter them and allow the meat to hang 
out all night to thoroughly drain and cool. The next day 
cut up after the approved method, leaving as much meat 
on the shoulder and the ham and side as possible. On 
the fleshy side of each ham rub in thoroughly a tablespoon- 
ful of fine saltpeter. Use at least this much to a fifteen- 
pound ham. Then pack away for six or eight hours with 
the fleshy side up so that the saltpetre may have time to 
strike in. Do not pile the hams too high or they will be 
crushed out of shape. Kneading and proper manipulation 
at the time of packing is a very important matter, as a 
symetrical and well-rounded ham will sell to better ad- 
vantage Next pack away and salt, but never pile over 
two and a half or three feet deep. Let them remain there 
for at least six weeks; then when taken out of the salt, 
sprinkle well with powdered borax. There is nothing bet- 
ter for the distribution of the borax than a pepper-box. 
About a teaspoonful will be enough for a ham. The bo- 
rax is used to keep the skippers out. Next, hang up by 
the hock and smoke lightly during damp weather with 
hickory chips. When about nine months old the hams are 
ready to sell. A hog averaging 180 pounds will make two 
hams of about 18 pounds in weight. Larger or smaller 
hams are, of course, undesirable. But suppose one only 
obtains 24 pounds of ham. At 25 cents the hams alone are 
worth $6.00. If they weigh, as they ordinarily will, say 
15 pounds, two hams are worth $7.50. A hog weighing 180 
pounds and seling at 5 cents a pound on foot, which is a 
profitable price, is worth $9.00. Yet the skillful farmer has 
practically obtained the sale price of his hog for two hams 
and has all the rest of the meat left for his trouble. A 
180-pound hog, dressing out 80 per cent., would yield 144 
pounds of good meat. If the green hams weigh 40 pounds, 
there would still be 104 pounds of meat left The average 
price for the back, sides, ham trimmings, etc., on the 
Chicago market varies from 5 to 6 cents per pound, the 
choicest parts selling for 6% and 7 cents. 104 pounds of 
pork at 5 cents would be worth $5.20; at 6 cents, $6.24. 
This added to the sale price of the hams mentioned above 
makes the production of this type of hog highly profita- 
ble to the farmer. Then, it should not be forgotten that 
there would be two nice strips of choice bacon worth 15 
to 20 cents a pound. 

At this point the conclusions of Mr. T. O. Sandy, a large 
and successful farmer in Virginia, will be interesting. He 
utilized wheat, artichokes and clover until May sown peas 
and sugar-cane were ready, which will be late in August, 
and will last until November or December. The hogs were 
then turned on artichokes, where they did very well until 
April, with the addition of a small amount of grain. Then 
in June they are put on clover and wheat, which lasted un- 
til peas come again. In this way Mr. Sandy has been 
able to make pork at a cost of 2 to 3 cents a pound. 

Bennett, of the Arkansas Station, made some tests to de- 
termine the cost of pork raised entirely on grazing and 
a limited grain ration. Pigs were grazed on clover, sor- 
ghum and peanuts, 1.1 acres in all, and consumed $10'.60 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



787 



worth of wheat bran and shelled corn The pigs were 
sold at $3.25 per hundredweight and made a profit of $4.27 
per head, the actual cost of the pork per pound being 1% 
cents. There is thus every reason to believe that under 
intelligent management pork can be made on grazing crops 
at from one-third to one-half the cost where corn alone is 
fed. It is the cheapening of the cost of meat products 
that makes the profit to the farmer. Why not utilize graz- 
ing crops in the light of these facts, and make the hogs 
harvest the crop at the same time? The labor problem is 
now a very serious one, and this is one way of economiz- 
ing with satisfactory results. 

I desire particularly to emphasize the advantage the cur- 
ing of fancy hams has over ordinary methods of pork rais- 
ing, and to specifically urge on the small farmer the op- 
portunity which it opens up to him. Remember that choice 
hams can be made by the small farmer just as well as by 
the owner of several thousand acres of land. 

A. M. SOULE. 
{To he continued.) 



NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE DAIRY 
ACCOUNT. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Will you kindly request Prof. Michels, of the North Car- 
olina A. and M. College, to publish how many gallons or 
pounds of milk were produced by the forty-one cows dur- 
ing the nine months reported in your August issue? 

Also, whether in the item of labor the work of horses 
is included for hauling feed, delivering milk, etc. Are 
"overhead expenses," such as superintendence, etc., includ- 
ed in that item? 

Does the item, "Sundries," include depreciation, inter- 
est and repairs on silos, stables, hay barns, water works, 
machinery, tools, etc.? 

In estimating the cost of feed was the item of $880 for 
manure charged to the feed? As that item is credited to 
the dairy it should be charged to the crops. 

How many quarts were sold at '6 1-4 cents? How many 
quarts of cream were sold at 25 cents per quart, and what 
was done with the skimmed milk? 

How many quarts of milk were used for butter and how 
many pounds of butter were sold? 

Where is a market for butter at 35 cents per pound 
all year round? 

Was the milking done by hand or by machine? 
What was the cost of delivering milk to express station, 
and what is the express rate to city? What is the net 
wholesale price per 10-gallon can in the city? 

If this particular farm is so located that milk can be 
sold locally at a higher price than the wholesale market, 
it should be so stated, otherwise the report is misleading. 
Bxpressage often is 1 cent per quart; delivery to station 
must be considered. 

If this milk had to be shipped and sold at wholesale 
prices, as the milk of the average farmer necessarily must 
be, the account of this dairy might show a loss instead of 
a profit 

N. 
Prof. Michels sends us the following reply to the fore- 
going: 
It would take too much time to go over our accounts to 



determine the exact number of gallons of milk and cream 
and the exact number of pounds of butter that were sold 
during the nine months reported for our college dairy 
herd. Approximately four-sevenths of the total milk pro- 
duced was sold in bulk at 25 cents per gallon; two-sevenths 
was sold as cream at $1.00 per gallon net; and one-seventh 
was sold as butter at 35 cents per pound. 

All of the butter was sold in West Raleigh. Some of 
the milk was shipped, but the bulk of it was sold to the 
college mess hall at the same price we realized for that 
which was shipped. The cream was sold in Raleigh, Wil- 
mington, Pinehurst, Greensboro, and Camden, S. C. The 
skim milk was fed to the calves. 

The item, "Sundries," did not include interest on invest- 
ments, depreciation of property and repairs. $300 would 
fully cover these items. 

The roughage consumed by the cows was charged at 
actual cost of production. 

The manure was figured as a separate item, as much so 
as was the milk and cream. Our system of management 
is such that no manure is lost, either through leaching or 
fermentation, and the item of $880 for manure represented 
a minimum value for this material. If our dairymen would 
value their manure the same as they do their milk and 
cream, they would allow less of it to go to waste. 

It should be added that we could have shipped our entire 
milk output at the price quoted. As for cream, we could 
have shipped fifty gallons a day at the price quoted. Thou- 
sands of gallons of New York cream are annually consum- 
ed in North Carolina because of the shortage of this pro- 
duct here 

There is plenty of market tor butter at 35 cents per 
pound. All that is necessary to realize this price is to 
make a good quality of butter and cater to a select trade. 
Several of our dairymen last year averaged over 30 cents 
per pound by shipping the butter in bulk in amounts ap- 
proximating 400 pounds weekly. 

JOHN MICHELS, 
Prof. Animal Husbandry and Dairying. 



STUDENTS' LIVE STOCK JUDGING CONTEST. 

The Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
United States Department of Agriculture, has just complet- 
ed arrangements for a judging contest and prizes for indi- 
vidual students, three of whom may be entered from each 
college, the three men constituting a team in judging for 
team prizes. This judging contest has to do with dairy 
cattle only, and will take place in the live stock depart- 
ment of the National Dairy Show Association at Chicago, 
at the time of the International Show in December. As 
to eligibility, "any student of an agricultural college or 
of a secondary school which is under direct supervision 
of a State agricultural college, who is regularly matricu> 
lated in at least a two-years course in agriculture or dairy- 
ing, and who has taken not less than twelve weeks' work 
during the calendar year in which the show is held, may 
enter." 

From this it is evident that any of the students of either 
the two-years or four-years courses of the Virginia Poly- 
technic Institute will be eligible as contestants for the 
prizes offered in this judging contest. The advantages to 



788 



THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER 



[September, 



the student are very great. The incentive to succeed in 
the contest will cause all students to make greater effort 
in their study of the standard of excellence and score card 
of the various breeds of dairy cattle. The students of the 
various agricultural and mechanical colleges of the United 
States have entered for the prizes, not only in the dairy 
line, but in all lines of animal husbandry at Chicago, the 
event of the United States of the year.. We trust that a 
large number of the students of the V. P. I will visit the 
International Show this fall, and be prepared to enter for 
the prizes as judges in the dairy cattle contest, and also 
in any and all contests in animal husbandry. 

Your space is doubtless too limited for the complete 
rules and regulations governing the dairy cattle contest, 
but we would be pleased to see the same appear in the 
issue of October 1st. If this is not possible, permit me to 
state that copies of the rules and regulations can be pro- 
cured by addressing the Dean of the Agricultural Depart- 
ment, V. P. I., Blacksburg, Va., or secured by students af- 
ter their arrival at the college. 

All prospective contestants must file their entries with 
Prof. B. H. Rawl, of the Dairy Division, U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, and with the Superin- 
tendent of the Live Stock Department, 154 Washington 
Street, Room 307, Chicago, 111., before November 20th. 
This gives plenty of time for students to review their work 
of the past year on judging and the application of the 
score card; also to arrange for the team work and attend- 
ance at the great show of Chicago, the time of this contest. 
In the meantime it shall be our pleasure to ascertain fully 
as to all other student contests to be held at the time of 
the International 

We certainly hope Virginia will be to the forefront in 
this contest, and at least have a representation of a good 
body of students well versed in animal husbandry. 

WALTER J. QUICK, 
■ Blacksburg, Va. Dean and Prof, of Animal Industry. 



A CALL— VIRGINIA STOCK BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The advantages of a State Live Stock Breeders' Associa- 
tion are so well understood that it is hardly worth while 
to mention them in detail. Almost every State, especially 
if producing many pure-bred animals, or if having many 
breeders who are deeply interested in the improvemtnt 
of live stock, has a general association in which all such 
breeders, representing the different breeds, have combined 
their various interests in a general cause. In many States 
there exists a breeders' association for almost every pure 
breed of live stock. 

The general association which we propose for the State 
of Virginia, in other States has its business conducted by 
a board of directors composed of two or three members 
from each of the various breeders' associations. Unless 
the various breeds are strongly represented, these individ- 
ual associations are very weak. It frequently happens 
that only two or three breeders represent a certain breed 
in the State and even if there are half a dozen or more 
good breeders, there are not enough to cause the organiza- 
■ tion to meet even once a year and discuss the topics of im- 
portance to them. To illustrate the point: Hereford cat- 
tle are bred by a number of good farmers in this State. 
An organization was formed some years ago, and after the 



first meeting or two it was found impossible to get enough 
of the breeders together to have a successful meeting. The 
result was that the association disbanded the past year. 
By having a general association, its meetings would be at- 
tended by all the breeders who have joint interests, it mat- 
ters not what breed of live stock they represent. At the 
time of the general meeting the various representations 
can be broken up into sectional meetings at such time as 
is planned, so as not to interfere with the general meet- 
ing. 

There is in the United States, with headquarters at 
Washington, Department of Agriculture, a still larger or- 
ganization than the one we propose, and which is known 
as The American Breeders' Association. This association 
is made up of breeders from any State in the Union and 
of representatives of the State live stock associations, such 
as the one we propose for Virginia. A letter jut received 
from Assistant Secretary Wm. H Hays, of the Department 
of Agriculture, states that the American Association will 
be pleased to co-operate with the Virginia live stock asso- 
ciation proposed. The American Association proposes to 
start a magazine, which will be known as the American 
Breeders' Magazine. 

It is proposed that the Breeders of Virginia meet at the 
time of the State Fair for the purpose of organizing this 
State association of breeders, and that the meeting be held 
Thursday evening, Oct. 8, at 7:30 at Murphy's. Assistant 
Secretary Hays, who is secretary of the American Associa- 
tion, will be with us and assist in the organization. Cir- 
c- lars announcing the meeting will be distributed at the 
State Fair, any change of date will be thereon noted. The 
importance of this organization to every breeder of pure- 
bred stock is so great that it is earnestly believed that 
there will be a very large attendance and a flattering 
membership secured at the first meeting of the "Virginia 
Stock Breeders' Association." 

WALTER J. QUICK, 

Blacksburg, Va Dean and Prof, of Agriculture. 



MORE FINE DORSET SHEEP FOR VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The many readers of your valuable paper who love fine 
stock will be gratified to know of the arrival in this coun- 
try, destined for Morven Park, of seventeen prize-winning 
Dorset Horned Sheep, from the celebrated Flower fiock, of 
England. Mr. Flower writes under date of July 16, 1908, 
as follows: 

"Five of the shearling ewes were shown in their wool 
in a class of ten entries at the Bath & West of England 
show, and won first prize as a pen against nine competing 
pens. The ram lambs were the two best lambs in my 
twenty-five guinea challenge cup winning pen of six at 
Dorchester. The ten field ewes which I am sending won 
first prize at our annual show at Dorchester in 1907, when 
ewe lambs, and are all twin lambs born. You have in this 
shipment some of the best blood that ever sailed to Amer- 
ica. I had a good look in at the Royal, winning three 
firsts, and first for wool against all short wool breeds. This 
is a feather for the breed " 

You will note from the above quotation that we are do- 
ing everything in our power to secure the highest class 
animals possible for our breeding operations at Morven 
Park. WESTMORELAND DAVIS. 

Morven Park, by Leesburg. Virginia. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



789 



The Poultry Yard. 



POULTRY NOTES. 

This is the month of rest, both for the flock and the 
owner. The yearling hens should be in full moult, and 
will be a sorry-looking lot. Good, nourishing food must be 
supplied liberally at this time. Shade and fresh water, 
sharp grit and meat in some form; charcoal, lime and iron 
in the regular morning feed will keep the flock in perfect 
health and thus hasten the moulting period. Grit, meat, 
charcoal and oyster shell can be kept in self-feeding boxes 
where the fowls may help themselves at all times. Iron 
may be given in the feed or drink. I prefer to give it in 
the feed. Dissolve a tablespoonful of sulphate of iron 
(copperas) in a quart of hot water for twenty fowls, two 
or three times per week. ^ Mix this in the mash fed in the 
morning. I have recently made a self-feeding box that 
is very satisfactory. It is easy to make, easy to fill, easy 
to clean and economical, in that fowls cannot waste the 
contents. I will describe it so that readers of the Planter 
may try this method of feeding: Take a board 12 inches 
wide and four feet long for the bottom; two boards 12 
inches wide and two feet long for the ends; two pieces 4 
inches wide and 50 inches long for the sides of the feed 
box, and two pieces 5 inches wide and 50 inches long for 
side of top, and two pieces 12 inches wide and 50 inches 
long for the cover or roof Cut one end of end boards to 
a square mitre from centre of board to each edge. This 
is for top and for roof to rest on. Nail end boards on bot- 
tom board, leaving bottom two inches from ground; nail 
side boards, 4 inches wide, on sides flush with bottom, top 
side boards, 5 inches wide, leaving three-inch space be- 
tween bottom and top side boards. Nail the top or roof 
boards together in the form of a V trough, and invert over 
V shaped end boards, but do not nail fast. This top can 
be laid off when fllling or cleaning. Make the open space 
narrow enough so that half-grown chicks cannot get into 
the feed. For a small flock a division board can be put 
crosswise, and one of these feeders can be used for grit 
and oyster shell and another one for meat and charcoal. 
Wheat and oats may be put before the flock in this way, 
too, but corn should be fed at the evening feed, and fed 
very sparingly during hot weather. 

September is a good time to hatch chicks of any of the 
American and Leghorn breeds, as the pullets will begin 
to lay in March and April, and will continue to lay well 
after the earlier hatched ones fail. My experience is that 
September and October hatched chicks are very hardy and 
make excellent laying stock. The most serious objection 
to them is the fact that they usually moult very late. One 
great difficulty in hatching at this season is to get good 
hatchable eggs. Early hatched pullets will furnish some, 
. and some extra proliflc hens will lay now. Yard these 
pullets and hens with the best male and you will get 
eggs and stock from your earliest pullets and most pro- 
lific hens. 

I get many letters from people who have sick fowls, ask- 
ing for remedies. I want to say to the readers of the 
Planter that I am not a doctor. I do not believe in medi- 



cines of any kind for man or beast or fowl. If we live 
right — keep clean, eat good, sound, wholesome food, take 
pletny of exercise in the open air, be temperate in all things 
we will need but very little attention in a medical way. 
If we feed our fowls right, good sound food, clean water, 
clean open houses, no lice or mites, good range, we will not 
need to dose them with condition powders or nostrums of 
any kind to keep them healthy. Much of the food we buy 
is adulterated, impure, unwholesome, unfit for human con- 
sumption Very much of the feedstuff sold in the South 
is unfit to feed to poultry. Corn that is mouldy, musty, 
that has undergone fermfentation (heated) in the crib or 
bin; sprouted and musty wheat and oats, bran and ship- 
stuff that is adulterated with ground corncobs, peanut 
hulls and spent tanbark is unfit to feed to chicks or ma- 
ture fowls, and I find it very hard to get these feeds pure, 
sound and sweet. The people must demand not only a 
pure food law, but rigid inspection and quick and severe 
punishment to the manufacturer, the producer, and dealer. 
(We have now such a law, and it is being enforced. — Ed.) 
Many thousand chicks and fowls are killed every year 
by the use of mouldy grain and meal. There is a disease 
called mould, caused by fowls eating mouldy feeds that 
kills as speedily as cholera, and kills many more chicks 
and fowls every year than that dread disease. If people 
would be careful in selecting the feeds for their flock and 
keep their quarters and runs clean, there would be very 
few deaths excepting by accident and old age. 

Several subscribers ask for full and complete informa- 
tion, with plans and specifications, for a poultry farm, to 
accommodate 2,000' hens. I cannot undertake to answer 
these questions in detail in these notes or by letter. Only 
a very limited number of the readers of the Planter are 
interested in such a project, and to reply by personal 
letter would be impossible. I want to say in this connec- 
tion that I am writing a book on poultry-keeping in the 
South, giving plans, drawings, half-tone engravings and 
ptein, practical instructions for the equipment of large 
and small establishments. This book will be published 
by the Southern Planter Co., and will be ready for distri- 
bution by November, 1908. 

One man asks this question: "How much land will it 
take to keep 1,000 laying hens, and could one man do all 
the work? How much should one realize net from this 
number of hens and buy all the feed?" 

I have never advocated the intensive plan of keeping 
poultry. I doubt its practicabil'ty. I can see much in fa- 
vor of the large yard system, and favor free range where 
possible. Land can be had almost anywhere at prices 
within the reach of very moderate means, and I would not 
attempt to keep 1,000 hens on less than ten acres of land. 
This could be divided into twenty yards of one-half acre 
each. This would enable one to change his entire flock on 
fresh land every three or four weeks. By keeping 
these runs seeded to grass, clover, rye, oats and other 
growing crops, the land would be kept clean and very much 
expense in labor and feed saved, besides giving the very 



790 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



best possible conditions for the birds. This would require 
ten houses, or the ten acres could be fenced into four lots 
of two and a half acres, each with two houses This would 
put 500 into each house and set of yards and reduce time 
and labor nearly one-half; yet I favor the smaller flocks 
and houses. The net profit depends very much on the 
man. A good business man with a flock of 1,000 good 
hens of a good laying strain of egg producers, could easily 
make a net profit of $1.50 per hen, or |1,500. If these 
yards would be set to small tree fruits, such as plums, 
damsons, apricots, peaches, eai-ly apples and even winter 
apples and cherries, the profits from the ten acres could 
be increased very materially, if one had a nearby market 
for the fruit. By having twent/ yards 20 rods long by 4 
rods wide, one could plant one row of trees in the center 
of each yard. Plant them fifteen feet apart in the row. 
This would give room for 400 trees and afford ample shade 
for the hens. By planting all of one kind of fruit in each 
separate yard the fowls could be changed about so that 
at picking time the run could be cleared for several days or 
weeks. This arrangement would not interfere with the 
cultivation of the soil, and the fowls would keep the lane 
rich and the trees and fruit free from insects. 

CAL HUSSELMAN. 



LOSSES TO BE AVOIDED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

There is no class of farm stock of which large numbers 
can be kept, including both sexes and all ages, without 
some losses by accident or death. The common fowl offers 
no exception to the rule, and as the average hen is of shor- 
ter life than most other farm stock, is far more prolific, 
and is usually kept in greater numbers, it follows naturally 
that a small number of dead hens and chicks may be ex- 
pected under normal conditions every month in the year. 
A writer in one of the leading agricultural weeklies re- 
cently estimated the loss of young chicks at 50 per cent, 
within the first five weeks after hatching, and asserted that 
very few breeders lose less than 25 per cent, during that 
period, and he spoke from a more or less accurate knowl- 
edge of large commercial enterprises. This statement was 
ijicidental to an argument to show that the average thor- 
oughbred pullet should not be sold at five weeks old fdr 
less than 75 cents, and that a price of 50' cents at that age 
did not provide an adequate return for the producer. 

While this estimate of loss seems to me excessive, and 
is far beyond anything in my experience with Barred Ply 
mouth Rocks, yet we are all trained to expect some losses 
of weak chicks in spring and early summer, and some 
losses by drowning in sudden summer storms, but of the 
losses which do not result in death, and which occur later 
in the season, many of us take no account. I wish to call 
attention to a few of these. 

First I will pass over the question of vermin very 
briefiy, as enough has been said in past issues of this pa- 
per. There are a very few chicks now so young as to 
need hand treatment for lice. When this is necessary, I 
prefer hens oil — the skimmings of the kettle when the 
fat hen is cooking — with, say, half its bulk of kerosene 
added, to any other application I have tried. It does not 
leave the chicks so sticky as lard does. But in September 
the dust bath, and oiled roosts disconnected from henhouse 



walls, must be depended upon to help rid fowls of lice be- 
fore winter. If you had a good brood sow which was very 
lousy you would not grudge two or three hours' time to 
get her clean. Well, I feel safe in saying that two dozen 
pullets hatched prior to June 1, have on September 1 
greater possibilities of profit within the six months next 
following than has the average sow. Therefore, take a 
lew hours and make provision for a good dust bath. If 
you must build one take this suggestion: Two posts or 
forked stakes set east and west, on a south slope prefer- 
red; a pole across the tops, and any old boards or mill 
slabs leaned against the pole from the north side; a fur- 
row turned or equivalent ditch dug for lower ends to rest 
in and the dirt thrown under the pole to help raise the 
level of the dust bath a little. If you can't do better, 
cover with a lean-to roof of pine brush, cornstalks or straw. 
As cool weather comes on I prefer the dust bath in the 
sun. The philosophy of the dust bath is simple. The 
fowl works the dust through thei feathers and against its 
skin. The lice are forced out toward the ends of the feath- 
ers to get more air. The heat of the sun is congenial and 
helps draw them out. Then the hen gets up and gives a 
vigorous shake, and the dust, dirt and sand particles 
shooting out through the plumage help to dislodge the 
half-suffocated insects. 

The moulting season is nature's time for ridding poultry 
of most of the lice. The new feathers do not develop their 
full growth of down till about the beginning of. winter, 
and in the half-clad condition the hen has her best chance 
to secure relief by natural means. 

Second. The losses of vitality and growth due to bad 
sleeping arrangements. Has any reader a lot of chicks 
still roosting in the coops where they were brooded when 
small? If so, I will ask him to go out on the first warm 
night after he reads this and quietly open the top of the 
coop (every coop should be so made that this can be 
done), or kneel down and put his nose in the doorway — 
anything to get for himself a fair sample of the air the 
chicks are breathing Then let him decide whether they 
are having a fair chance to develop rugged, productive 
bodies, fitted to yield a profit in eggs on the food consum- 
ed all winter. 

Again, if these chicks have a chance they will go into 
the trees. If of large breeds this means badly bent breast- 
bones, and an unattractive carcass when dressed, and no 
matter what the breed, it means saturation in every 
stormy night, and during the fall storms, now soon due, 
it means a state of wet plumage for perhaps four to six 
days without relief. To keep up bodily heat and force 
evaporation then require a drain on the vitality and food 
supply which should go wholly to prepare the pullet for 
winter business. 

I have no accurate measure of the losses due to stuffy, 
dirty coops, or to exposure of immature pullets to all 
the rains of the latter half of the season, but I suspect 
that herein may be found the reason why some pullets 
do not lay until spring while others of same breed are 
profitable all winter. 

Third — Feed! There should be no old hens on the farm 
in September, except such as are to be kept another year, 
and if they are not moulting freely by this time they should 
be sold, as they will moult too late to lay profitably dur- 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTEK. 



791 



ing the coming winter. While hens are moulting and 
pullets developing, I doubt if it is possible to overfeed. 
The Development of the Flock. 

We are still hatching young Rocks, and are planning for 
some September broods. The fertility of the last tested 
eggs was good. Two Infertile and one dead germ out ot 
forty-three eggs set. It is too early to tell what the losse; 
will be in the August hatches, but those which came out 
late in July, and were put in coops with yards on younf 
crimson clover have a large proportion of happy, plump, 
big-bodied chicks, which ought to make good birds. 

One reason for hatching so late is because our males 
from the Maine Experiment Station, 200 egg strain will 
not be so active another year as now, so we are anxious 
to get as many females hatched this year as possible. 
We will probably dispose of one of the Maine males, keep- 
ing one for a special mating in a small flock next sea- 
son. 

We have sold more young cockerels for breeding than 
ever before at this season, and are marketing all that do 
not show excellent breeding quality, but are hatching 
about as many as we sell, so that the young stock re- 
mains at about 750, and they are now eating a bushel of 
wheat per day! Corn is worth eighty-two cents per bushel, 
so they get none, except as we bake bread with meat in it 
for the very little chaps. Although the wheat is new, 
they will eat more if it soaked than when fed d|ry. 
We aim to keep it before all the fowls, old and young, all 
the time, though many of them spend all day in the woods, 
only coming to the troughs twice a day. Under this sys- 
tem our cockerels are as large as, or a little larger at 
same age than the Maine Experiment Station can pro- 
duce by heaviest forced feeding. 

Though our roosting coops are well ventilated, they are 
becoming crowded, and to-day, August 17, work began on 
the plain permanent buildings which are to house the 
fowls next winter. We hope to have all moved within a 
month, and begin keeping feed accounts against specific 
numbers of males and females separately. I plan to put 
fifty or one hundred first class cockerels in an isolated 
house, with old field and woods range, and keep a feed 
record with credit account for those sold as breeders A 
similar account may be kept with 200 earliest pullets, ex- 
cept that the credits will be for eggs laid, as we will part 
with but few of these. I would like to know just what the 
margin of profit is when we feed wheat at an average price 
of ninety cents per bushel, to grow cockerels for market 
at sixteen or seventeen cents per pound. I think there is 
some if we sell at the one and a half- or two-pound size, 
but the latter weights are more costly. The sales of cock- 
erels for breeding and for table use paid about two-thirds 
of the feed bill for the entire flock during the past month. 
I think the sale of all males at two-pounds size would 
very nearly pay all feed bills for the summer, and leave 
the pullets as profit for our eggs and labor. 

W. A. SHERMAN. 

"Vienna, Va. 



NOTES FROM FAIRFAX COUNTY, VA. 

Editor Southern Planters- 
It has been some time since we inflicted your many 



readers with any communication from this portion of the 
Old Dominion. The reason: First, we have been busy. 
Second. We had nothing to say. 

We believe it was in the June Planter that Professor 
Massey stated in one of his very numerous, intelligent 
and excellent communications, that "Mr. Jeffers was going 
to show the people of Fairfax how to raise poultry," or 
words to that effect. Also stated something to the effect 
that there was no money in poultry. Now, as to the first 
statement, we beg to say we do not expect to "show" any- 
body anything unless he is "from Missouri," and asks to 
be shown Nor do we expect there is a fortune in fowls. 

We are surprised, however, to see anything from the 
voluminous pen of the Professor that smacks of pessi- 
mism. The poultry business, like all other lines of busi- 
ness, must be well handled in order to pay. Too many 
people rush into the work of raising poultry, only to be 
confronted and confounded by troublesome details that 
were not carefully considered at the outset. 

If one has a good location, accessible to the consumer, 
and can raise his own poultry food, or buy It at lowest 
market prices, and has a natural liking and a fitness for 
the work, he will succeed. Not all business men succeed. 
Farming in many a line is not a howling success. Only 
"the fittest survive" in any calling. 

Comparatively few, a very few, professional men in any 
calling attain a marked and noticeable success. The mass 
plod along as best they can. In poultry it is just the 
same as in physic, or in politics. It is said that "oppor- 
tunity knocks at least once at every man's door." If it is 
met in the right way success follows. If neglected or re- 
jected failure results. 

We have not progressed far enough as yet to tell any 
one how to do, but we can tell them a few things "not 
to do.'' 

Don't buy a lot of scrub, inbred stock, to begin with, 
not even if it be secured very cheap. Don't go into the 
work until you have arranged for proper and comfortable 
shelter for both old and young fowls. Don't get too far 
from market. If possible, raise at least a portion of the 
food consumed by poultry. 

Don't try to sell eggs for breeding purposes unless the 
fowls are properly mated, and have ample "runs." See 
that proper food is given to keep up the tone and general 
health of the stock. We have bought both hen and duck 
eggs during the past season from reputable dealers, or at 
least :their fads'" were in reputable poultry journals, 
with the poorest of results. 

In one case out of forty eggs, only one lone chick was 
hatched, and that one lone chick died in less than twenty- 
four hours. Shells very thin, eggs unfertile — showfing 
improper food, handling and mating. 

In another case forty duck eggs turned out eighteen 
ducklings — balance of the forty, excepting two, unfertile. 
A batch of forty duck eggs now hatching show more than 
fifty per cent, unfertile. These and other drawbacks con- 
front the beginner. 

But the second year, the beginner can then use eggs 
for hatching from his own fowls. If then, they are un- 
fertile or defective, it Is his fault. The first year such 
things are misfortunes; after that they become faults. 

With good pure water and air — as pure as can be found 



792 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



anywhere— proper food, shelter and care, poultry-raising 
will pay as well here as anywhere. 

We have the Washington market at our doors — only 
two hours' drive, with steam, and a ready sale for all 
first class articles. A fat cow, calf, sheep, pig, duck, chick, 
eggs, butter, hay, corn, etc., find ready sale at all seasons 
of the year. 

Poultry seems, so far, to be perfectly healthy. The cost 
of feed is quite high, and it is going to be necessary for 
the poultry grower to raise, at least a portion of the 
poultry food. Corn, wheat, oats, Kaffir corn, millet, sun- 
flowers, etc., can all be raised, and are being raised here 
successfully. 

At one time in the history of the United States Fairfax 
county led the procession as a wheat-growing county. 
Washington himself was one of the largest wheat grow- 
ers, and owned his own grist-mill. Considerable wheat is 
grown here yet, and the acreage seems to be increasing 
The crop this year was fully an average crop — say, fifteen 
bushels to the acre, and was secured in the best possible 
condition. The hay crop was only an ordinary one as to 
yield, but fine as to quality. Spring oats, owing to warm, 
dry weather at maturing time, were light as regards the 
grain, but fair as regards straw. 

Much land is changing hands, owing largely to the ex- 
odus from Washington. The farms in our immediate sec- 
tion of the county are small, from twenty to fifty acres 
each, and from our home, we can converse easily with six 
neighbors in their homes; one family from Scotland, and 
the others representing Wisconsin, New York, Virginia 
and North Carolina. 

The electric roads — three in number— and the three 
steam railways, intersect the county thoroughly. Other 
lines are under consideration. The county has a future 
))oth agriculturally and industrially. We are not expect- 
ing to make a fortune out of poultry; but we expect to 
live longer and easier than in the crowded cities. We have 
sur own butter, milk, cream, eggs, chickens, hay, oats, 
corn, potatoes, fruits and vegetables. We have purest of 
air, and the finest of spring water. 

We are going to credit up the poultry business with 
about $500 a year on account of better health secured. 

A. JEFPBRS. 

Fairfax Co., Va. 



VIRGINIA POULTRY ASSOCIATION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Please let your readers know that the Virginia Poultry 
Association, Inc., has secured the services of Judge R. L. 
Simmons, of Charlotte, N. C, to officiate at our next 
annual show, December 7-12, 1908. We consider ourselves 
very fortunate in securing the services of such an able 
and efficient judge, backed, as he is, by eleven years' ex- 
perience in judging at poultry shows, and in a recent 
contest, to determine the most popular Southern judge. 
Judge Simmons was second in the count. 

Besides having a competent and fair-minded judge with 
us this year, the present indication, early as it is, points 
with unmistakable certainty to the largest and best ex- 
liibit of pure-bred poultry ever held in Virginia, and will, 
we believe, eclipse all of our previous efforts. 

W. R. TODD, Secy. 



POULTRY KEEPING ON A CITY LOT. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

Herewith I hand you report on my poultry keeping for 
the first six months of 1908, on a half-acre city lot: 
1908. 

Stock on hand (old fowls) 2S6 

Stock on hand (old fowls) 147 

Chickens 90 

237 

Stock sold 121 

Eggs laid January to July 9,747 



•'I 



Jan. 1. 
July 1. 



Eggs sold and set $236 73 

Stock sold and breeding 64 85 

10' barrels manure, &c 740 



Total receipts 308 98 

Expenses for feed, oil, etc 108 36 



Net income $200 62 

R. H. HARRIS. I 

Newport News, Va. 



LARGE VS. SMALL BREEDS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

While I am not a subscriber to your paper, my brother 
is, and I enjoy reading it very much. I have just read 
with interest "Poultry Notes," by Mr. Husselman, and like 
many others, he recommends the small breeds as egg pro- 
ducers. I have tried the different breeds mentioned in 
his article, and have discarded all others, and settled oij 
the Barred Plymouth Rocks. They can be made to pro- 
duce as many eggs as any other breed, and are much bet- 
ter winter layers than the Leghorn. Much can be said in 
favor of this large, hardy breed. (I have none for sale.) 
They are healthy and strong from the start, easy to con- 
trol, and when full grown and fat (hens should be kept 
fat all the time) will weigh from seven to nine pounds. 
We all know it pays to tell the truth, and we also know 
that some men have more truths to tell than others. My 
hens will average more than 200 eggs each per year, and 
they are given two months rest each year (July and Au- 
gust). As to the large breeds losing time when they get 
broody, that is quite easy to control. We never allow 
ours' to get broody, except in rest time; then we take 
no notice of them, and they get over it in a few days. 

C. M. COWLES. 

James City Co., Va. 



LAME DUCKS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In the July issue of your valued journal I noticed some 
of your readers are having trouble with lame ducks. The 
cause is too much soft feed and want of grit. The rem- 
edy is very coarse sand one pint to each gallon of soft 
feed night and morning. Have the sand free from dirt 
and feed regularly, and you will never have any lame 
ducks. We have about 125 Pekin and Rouen ducks, and 
have iiot nor have we had any lame this season. 

MONROE GROVE POULTRY FARM. 

Loudoun Co., Va. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



Y93 



The Horse. 



NOTES. 

W. J. Carter. 
"Broad Rock." 
When the September issue of The Planter reaches most 
of its subscribers the fairs and race meeting of the Vir- 
ginia-Carolina Circuit will have begun and a more pros- 
perous outlook has not been witnessed for many years 
past, in spite of adverse financial conditions prevailing 
since last fall. This is something to be regarded with 
satisfaction apart from the ordinary. Not only do these 
conditions prevail with members of the circuit in ques- 
tion, but a like report comes from other Associations of 
more or less importance in Virginia especially. The Vir- 
ginia-Carolina Circuit opens up at Galax, September 2, 
3, and 4, to be followed up in regular succession each 
week by Radford, Tazewell, The Great Roanoke Fair at 
Roanoke, the Interstate Fair, at Lynchburg; fhe Virginia 
State Fair, at Richmond, whose dates are the entire week 
of October 5-10, after which the scene shifts to North Car- 
Carolina soil, and Raleigh furnishes many attractions for 
the State Fair on October 12th to 16th. Charlotte follows 
Raleigh, after which comes the time-honored South Car- 
olina State Fair, at Columbia. Fairs and race meetings 
in direct succession will also be held at Sumter and Spar- 
tansburg, S. C. and Augusta, Georgia, though these three 
places are not members of the regularly organized Vir- 
ginia-Carolina Circuit. Not only have liberal purses been 
provided all along the line for harness races, but the run 
ners have been well looked after, too, which is fitting, as 
their performances both on the flat and over the jumps 
furnish sport and diversion for many even those whose al- 
legiance to trotters and pacers is too strong to be doubted. 
The stake events for runners at Roanoke deserve special 
comment, as do the liberal purses offered at Lynchburg, 
while at Richmond the purses range from $300 to $400 each 
with an aggregate of about $3,000 more money which is 
probably more for both steeplechases and races on the flat 
than has ever been hung up at any Southern Fair. 



The prize list of the fourth annual exhibit of the Pet 
,ersburg Horse Show Association has been issued and 
quite a neat publication it is, typographically and other 
wise. The Petersburg Horse Show has assumed import- 
ant proportions and is now recognized as one of the most 
attractive in the Virginia Circuit of open air affairs of 
the sort. The dates for 1908 are September 11th and 12th, 
and prizes aggregating about $2,00'0 are offered for 
hunters, jumpers, park saddle and harness horses. The 
Show will be held as usual at the beautiful grounds of 
the Riverside Hunt Club, near the city, and a trip there 
offers many attractions. From its inception the Peter.-'- 
burg Horse Show has been favored with the patronage and 
support of the Cockade City's influential and proinicenl, 
classes, with liberality and public spirit on th? part of 
the management. The officers are: W. Gordon McCabe 
Jr., president; Dr. H. G. Leigh, vice-president- Hon 
Alexander Hamilton, 2nd vice^presfident; Geo.ge W. 
Harrison, secretary; James Mcllwaine Ruflin, treasurer 
and LeRoy Roper, manager. 



Alamance Farm, of Graham, N. C, for many year.-; past 
one of the largest and most prominent breeding establish- 
ments in the State, has decided to dispose of ihe larger 
portion of the herd of Shetland ponies owned there, and 
will offer at public auction, Thursday, September 3rd 
nearly 90 head of geldings, yearlings and two-year-old 
fillies, stallions and brood mares. Among the brood mares 
are some of the choicest on the farm, ten of which have 
foals at their sides and have been bred again. Most of 
the brood mares and young things are by champion prize 
winners. The Alamance herd of Shetlands is one of the 
best known in the South, but the health of Mr. L. Banks 
Holt, owner and founder of the establishment, is such 
that it has been found necessary to curtail affairs at the 
farm, otherwise many of the ponies now to be offered 
would not be parted with at any reasonable price. 



Kapella, the chestnut filly, two years old, by Kavalli 
2: 07-14, an elegant pacing son of the famous Kremlin, is 
doing well in the hands of her owner, William Newsome 
of this city. Her dam is Malula, by Mazatlan, 2:26-%, sob 
of Electioneer and Rosemont, by Piedmont, 2:17 , and 
she out of Beautiful Bells, the wonderful producing 
daughter of The Moor. Kapella is a pacer and promises 
to make speed with development. The daughter of Ka- 
pella was bred at Allen Farm, Pittsfield, Mass., from 
whom she was purchased by her present owner. 



H. Flippen, of Charlotteville, Va., has won several races 
recently in Canada with the chestnut gelding, Woodside 
4, by Norwood, dam Bell Andrews, by John Happy, among 
the victories being the handicap steeplechase at Fort Erie 
where the Virginia bred horse defeated Lights Out, Econ- 
omy, Pick Time, Impertinence, and others in fast time. 
Before the race Flippen was not anxious to start Wood- 
side, so tried to get the son of Norwood excused from 
starting, but on being informed that he would have to pay 
to scratch McLain was ordered to mount the chestnut 
gelding, who starting at 16 to 5, won by nearly three 
lengths. 



Imported Hawkswick, the English stallion that runs as 
premier at the Blue Ridge Stud, of Henry T. Oxnard, at 
Rectortown, Va., has another two-year-old winner to his 
credit in Col. Zeb, who won a five furlongs race at Fort 
Erie, defeating Stowaya, Anemonella and eight others, in 
1:03. Previous to the performance of Col. Zeb, Hawks- 
wick was credited with a half dozen winning two-year- 
olds in Roulon, Hawkwing, Havre, Disagreement, Cheek 
and Hawsfiight. Hawkswick is a son of St. Simon and 
Plaisenterie, by Wallingtonia, and imported in 1902 by Mr. 
Oxnard, who kept the brown stallion several years in Cal- 
ifornia before bringing him to Virginia. Among Virginia 
thoroughbred sires the Ellerslie stables Fatherless, son of 
Isonomy and Orphan Agnes, stands next to Hawkswick, 
with four of these precocious youngsters to his credit, in- 
cluding Alice, Orphan Boy, Blameless and Chipmunk. 



794 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



DURATION OF HEAT IN MARES. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

There seems to be a very general lack of accurate in- 
formation among horse breeders as to the duration of heat 
in mares as well as the length of the intervals between 
heats. The following statement, therefore, of the physio- 
logical facts in the case with the practical deductions 
from these facts, may prove of interest to some of your 
readers. 

In mares, as in other mammals, the Graafian vesicle 
containing the ovum makes its way when mature to the 
surface of the ovary, where it bursts, liberating the ovum, 
which escapes on the exterior of the ovary. The ovum 
passes into the Fallopian tubes, and from thence into 
the uterus, where fecundation takes place upon contact 
with the spermatazoa contained in the seminal fluid of the 
male. In animals whose capability of being impregnated 
occurs at regular periods, as in the mare, the Graafian 
vesicles and their contained ova appear to arrive at ma- 
turity, and the latter to be discharged, at such periods 
only. The periods at which the matured ova are separ- 
ated from the ovaries and received into the Fallopian 
tubes is indicated by the phenomenon of heat. The ovum 
if not fecundated, eventually perishes, and disappears 
from the uterus. The ovum of the mare apparently re- 
tains its vitality for a considerable number of days after 
the period of heat, as it has been found possible to arti- 
ficially impregnate mares at almost any time. The period 
of heat in mares, as a rule, occurs every twenty-one days, 
but in some cases at longer intervals, the maximum being 
about twenty-eight days. The length of the interval be- 
tween heats is counted from the first day of one period 
to the first day of the next The period of heat, accord- 
ing to most authorities, lasts from two to five days, but 
the experience of breeders would indicate a longer dura- 
tion, occasionally extending to ten days. Mares do not 
accept the stallion nor become impregnated naturally ex- 
cept during their periods of heat, which- usually cease after 
conception has occurred. The practical deduction from 
the above physiological facts is that after being bred to 
the stallion the mare should be returned to him only 
when she shows evidence of being in season after a lapse 
of about three weeks, or the mare, as a matter of pre- 
caution, may be tried again from the eighteenth to the 
twenty-first day, whether she shows evidence of being in 
season or not. A mare will accept the stallion between 
the third andl the twelfth day after foaling, but will 
almost invariably be found in season on the ninth or 
tenth day, the custom of the great majority of breeders 
being to breed their mares at that time. 

Prom the above it will be seen that there is no war- 
rant whatever for the common practice of trying mares 
to the stallion on the ninth day following coition, and 
that where traveling stallions are accessible at certain 
points every nine days only, the best practice is after the 
mare has once taken the stallion, to send her to be tried 
to him on the 18th day following, and at subsequent pe- 
riods of eighteen days, until it is safe to suppose that she 
has become stinted. 



H. C. GROOMB. 



Fauquier Co., Va. 



THE FARM HORSE. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

The discussion of the farm horse is certainly timely. Let 
us consider what sort of a horse we are talking about. 

The farm horse is an engine to propel implements and 
machinery. The essential points to be considered are: 
1. In raising a horse, what will it fetch. 2. How much 
power will it deliver? 

1. Except in such few cases where a special business is 
made of raising roadsters, coachers and race horses, the 
farmer breeds from the mares he uses for farm work 
Will a 900 lb. horse sell for as much as a 1500 lb. horse? 
Certainly not. Then why raise the cheap stuff. 

2. Will a 2, 4 or 6 horse team of light horses pull as 
wide a double action disk, as wide a drill or harvester as 
many plow bottoms, as heavy a load of grain or hay as 
a team of the same number of heavy horses. Assuredly 
not! If you say that a man having light horses may 
hitch more of them to the gang plow or other implement 
I answer that there is a limit to the number of horses 
one man can conveniently handle. If a man handles six 
small horses to the gang plow — which is practical — ^he 
might as well handle six large horses and do more and 
better work. 

When Prof. Massey tells us that in his sandy section 
large horses are not needed, I would ask him how much 
work he does in a day? I am not farming now but I have 
plowed many hundred acres of sandy soil with four big 
horses, using as many as four bottoms for fallowing and 
when the learned gentleman uses a wide double-action 
disc, a wide drill, a heavy load of manure on the spreader 
a wide harvester or is trying to do as inuch work in a 
given time as a man can and should do, he will find that 
four big horses will enable him to do more work than 
4 little 900 lb. runts. 

A man's value depends upon the amount of work he 
does. Even to a double-row corn planter with check 
cable, I would rather have two big horses, because it is 
quite a pull. For the farm give me four big horses to 
the gang plow, to the double-action disc, to the big drill 
and to the wide harvester and, in cultivating corn, divide 
the team and have two horses, not runts, to the double 
riding cultivator. N. 



I 



NON-STANDARD TROTTERS AT THE STATE FAIR. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

As the State Fair Association has opened classes for 
non-standard trotters, or as they are termed in their cat- 
alogue, "General purpose horses " those who have been 
and are standing trotting bred stallions for public service 
should make a strong effort to have their stallions repre- 
sented at the Fair by some of the best colts and fillies 
sired by them out of unregistered mares as well as reg- 
istered mares. 

The Virginia people have the name of being far behind 
times- If so they ought to wake up. 

Let each and every one of us do something, be it ever 
so little, towards trying to make the Virginia State Fair 
one among the most complete in the U. S. 

K. A. BERGMANN, 

Chesterfield Co., Va. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLAjN^TER. 



Y95 



neons. 





SCENE AT CURL'S NECK. INSTITUTE ME MBERS BOARDING WAGONS FOR INSPECTION TOUR. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE. 

The fifth annual session of the Virginia State Farmers' 
Institute was held in Richmond, Va., on August 4th, 5th 
and fith, in accordance with previous announcements. We 
are very happy to say that the m^eeting was an unquali- 
fied success in point of attendance, programme provided, 
and the entertainment given on the last day of the meet- 
ing. President T. O. Sandy, of Burkeville, Va., presided, 
while Secretary-Treasurer J. L. Moomaw, of Cloverdale, 
and Assistant Secretary J. M. Williams were at their 
posts, attending to their respective duties. 

It would be a tremendous task for us to undertake to 
publish in full the various addresses and papers which 
were read before the Institute. This will all be printed 
in book form and distributed to the members in due course 
and we suggest that any farmer who is not a member of 
the Institute send the Secretary a dollar and become one, 
and receive a copy of this annual report. It will be worth 
the money many times over. 

The sub-committee appointed from the General Insti- 
tute Committee last May to look into the ad- 
visability of incorporating the institute, reported unani- 
mously in favor of such a move. The Institute adopted the 
report of its committee and authorized the same commit- 
tee to proceed with the work of incorporation. In talk- 
ling with members of this committee, we gathered that 
their idea is to make the Institute on the order of a 
Chamber of agriculture, corresponding with Chambers of 
commerce existing in cities and towns. In addition to 
county vice-presidents, their idea is to have standing com- 
mittees from the Board of Directors, to have charge of dif- 
ferent branches of work, such as the Institute work proper, 
farmers' grievances, legislative, etc., and to which farm- 
ers may come for assistance and advice at all times, on 
any matter of sufficient importance to affect the general 
welfare of the farmers of the State. It is further sug- 
gested that the Institute shall hold its annual meetings 
in different parts of the State, thereby keeping up inter- 
est in the various sections. However, these suggestions 



are only tentative, and may be modified or enlarged when 
the committee gets to work on the matter of incorpora- 
tion. 

One of the most delightful features of the session was 
an all-day excursion down the James river to Curl's Neck 
Farm, the estate of C. H. Senff, Esq., of New York. 
Through his courtesy, and that of the Richmond Cham- 
ber of Commerce, the entire membership was permitted to 
inspect this magnificent farm, and also to enjoy the trip 
down the historic James as far as Westover. A delight- 
ful lunch and refreshments were served on the boats, and 
the whole day's outing did not cost the members of the 
Institute a cent. 

On arriving at Curl's Neck, each boat was met by Mr. 
George W. Bedell, the courteous manager of the farm, 




Hart-Parr Steam Plowing- Outfit at work at Curl's Neck- 
Exhibition for Farmers' Institute. 



who had some twenty odd wagons in which the mem- 
bers were driven over the farm, and their inspection of 
it was most thorough and critical, and nothing but ex- 
clamations of surprise and delight were heard at the 



796 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September^ 



magnificent scale on which things were conducted. When 
it is considered that there are 3,000 acres under cultiva- 
tion ,and over 300 acres in alfalfa alone, some idea may- 
be gathered by those who did not attend, as to what 
there was to see. The plots were ail plainly marked, and 
everybody was furnished with a printed folder giving de- 
tailed information as to the various fields so each could 
see for himself what is being done. A novel sight, to be 
seen on few other farms in the State, was a steam plow- 
ing outfit at work. The machine used was a Hart-Parr 
Kerosene traction engine with a section of disc plows at- 
tached. Mr. Horace L. Smith, of Petersburg, agent for 
this section, was on hand explaining its" detail to all in- 
terested inquirers. We learned that the kerosene tractor 
is preferred over the steam tractor because it is so much 
lighter, and does not have to carry a heavy boiler. The 
engine used was a forty-horse-power one, which required 
only eighteen-horse-power to propel itself, leaving twenty- 
two horse-power for drawing its load. This engine has 
two cylinders developing twenty horse-power each, and 
either one can be worked independently. Another feature 
of this engine is that it will consume about thirty-five 
gallons of oil in ten hours as compared with a ton of coal 
required for a steam engine. 

The officers of the Institute and the Programme Com- 
mittee have every reason to be proud of themselves, and 
are certainly deserving the congratulations of the farm- 
ers for arranging such a helpful and entertaining Insti- 
tute. It is hoped that the membership will be doubled 
by next year, as it has practically been every year since 
its start. More than one thousand members were enrolled 
during the meeting. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE FAIR, RICHMOND. 

October 5-11, 1908. 

The season of fairs has arrived. A number will be 
held this month, while early in October will take place 
the Virginia State Fair, for which great preparations are 
in progress. For weeks General Manager Mark R. Lloyd 
and his office force have been at work at No. 819 Bast 
Main street, Richmond, and much matter pertaining to 
the fair has been sent out. Thousands of copies of the 
premium list have been distributed, and many letters 
requesting information answered. 'I'he correspondence is 
growing, and every day will bring its work from now until 
the fair. 

To Richmond the week of the Virginia State Fair will 
be the most important occasion of the year, while to the 
people of Virginia it is the one event to which all 
look forward with feelings of the greatest anticipation. 
It will be their opportunity to visit the capital city and 
commingle with their city brethren; to see the best 
products of the State on display; and to marvel at her 
wonderful resources and progress. 

That Virginia should be seen at her best through the 
medium of the State Fair, it behooves every citizen to be 
moved with patriotic inspiration, and lend a hand to bring 
about the desired result. Every citizen can do some- 
thing, and, especially every farmer, whose exhibition it Is. 
The finest horses, the best cattle, the popular breeds of 



poultry, and the choicest farm products should be brou^t 
to the fair, and every department filled to overflowing. 
The year has been favorable, the farmers are prospesMwa, 
and all can devote some time to making the State Fair 
a success. 

The premiums are entirely adequate to stimulate » 
large display in each department. There is no ot^r 
fair association in the South, with perhaps, a single ex- 
ception, that offers more money as a whole, and certainJy 
none more liberal in its appropriations for live-stock es- 
hibits. The premiums for farm products — grain, fruit, 
and vegetables — are, also, very encouraging as well a» 
those for domestic articles and ladies' fancy work. 

In order that proper arrangements can be made fo? aD 
exhibits, the officers of the fair should be notified in time. 
For that reason, dates preceding the fair have been se- 
lected for the closing entries. For instance, the books ot 
entry for horses, cattle, sheep and swine will close co 
Monday, September 21; for poultry, domestics, manufac- 
tures, fancy work and art, on Wednesday, September 2M;. 
farm products, horticultural products, plants and flowers, 
Friday, September 25th; and for dairy products, imple- 
ments and machinery, on Monday, September 28. 

In view of the interest that is being taken in many see- 
tions in getting up county exhibits, for the purpose off' 
winning the premiums of $50 and $25, for best cdlee- 
tions of farm products; and of $100 and $50' for best dis- 
play of fruits; and, in consequence of the action of the 
State Horticultural Society of Virginia, in deciding to 
use part of the appropriation granted by the General As- 
sembly of Virginia in getting up a creditable display c& 
fruit, it is possible that additional accommodations will 
have to be provided for these classes of exhibits. The- 
same may be said in regard to the prospects for an elab- 
orate poultry display, as the Virginia Poultry Association 
has issued an appeal to all members to exhibit their birds 
at the coming State Fair. In case ot necessity large tents- 
will be provided, in addition to the commodious build- 
ings. 

For the entertainment of the general public and all 
v'sitors a programme of first-class amusements is being 
arranged. Among the extraordinary free attractions will 
be Pawnee Bill's Great Wild West, one of the most real- 
istic shows in existence, with its host of Indians, cow- 
boys, soldiers and rancheros; also a grand display at 
night of Pain's fireworks, with magnificent set pieces and 
concluding with a spectacular representation of the 
"Siege and Bombardment of Port Arthur." As an indis- 
pensable adjunct of the fair a very complete racing pro- 
gramme has been provided for each day. There will be 
five days' of harness and running races — thirty races in 
all (ten harness and twenty running, the latter including^ 
five steeplechases) ; and on Saturday, the fair will close- 
with a special programme of automobile races and vari- 
ous outdoor amusements. All in all, the Virginia State 
Fair of 1908 will be most instructive and entertaining, 
and the assurance has been given by the management 
that there will be no objectionable features. The dates of 
the fair should be kept constantly in mind — October 5, 6, 
7, 8 9, 10 and 11. Copies of the premium list can. stilli 
be had by writing for the same. 



T1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



797 




■\ ,'j^/ 



FIELD OP WINTER OATS, STATE TEST FARM, SAXE, VA. 



THE TEST FARM— DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

Some years ago the county of Charlotte gave a farm to 
t&e State Board of Agriculture for the purpose of conduct- 
tog tobacco and other experiments for the benefit of the 
farmers in that section of country. The farm selected 
contains some 500 acres, extending from the Little Roan- 
oke river back up through considerable table land and 
'Mil country, at Saxe, on the Southern Railway. While not 
'Sa ideal farm for experimental work, there is a great deal 
of it which is suitable for raising both bright and dark 
tobaccos — a rather unusual condition. Less than a year 
&SO, the Test Farm Committee of the Board appointed Dr. 
B. W. Magruder, the chief chemist of the Department of 
Agriculture, as director of the farm, and under his su- 
pervision a vast amount of preliminary work has already 




Pure-bred Dorsets- 



-State Test Farm, Saxe, Va. 



been done, including cleaning up, ditching and draining. 
aillsides too steep for test work have been rapidly gotten 
into grass to prevent washing and gulleying — quite an 
object lesson. Fields and plots have been laid out for 
crop rotation and experiments, and everything, it may 
be said, is in a fair way to do some valuable work. 
Some Experiments. 
'Both bright and dark tobacco is now being tested. There 
-are nineteen plots of the former, and ten of the latter. 



Different combinations and quantities of fertilizers are 
being used, in order to ascertain just what kind and how 
much will give the most profitable results. While these 
experiments have to be carried on through a series of 
years to show conclusive results, yet it is noticeable that 
in some experiments already conducted, that phosphoric 
acid produces by far the best results, and that ammonia 
and potash produce little or no results when used without 
phosphoric acid. Again, when all three are applied, bet- 
ter results are obtained than by the use of phosphoric 




Ried Poll Heifer — State Test Farm, Saxe, Va. 



acid alone. On thifse plots wheat will follow tobacco and 
grass will follow wheat in order to demonstrate the re- 
sidual effects of the fertilizer. Variety tests of tobacco 
will be instituted, and should prove most interesting. 



798 



THE SOUTHEKK PLANTEK 



[September, 



Wheat and Oats. 

Extensive variety tests with both grains are being con- 
ducted in order to determine the best sort for that sec- 
tion and soil. This fall, fertilizer tests will also be 
started. The value of these tests is apparent. As an ex- 
ample, we might cite the fact that in oats, the Black Tar- 
tarian has lead all spring varieties in yield for the past 
two years. 

Corn. 

Last year fifteen varieties of corn were tested, and the 
test is being repeated this year, with the addition of 
five varieties. These tests will be ^continued from year to 
year, with the addition of other meretorious sorts. Cocke's 
Prolific lead in yield last year. 

We might say in passing, that the strictest care is ex- 
ercised in SLlectiEg seed corn, all selections being made 
In the field while on the stalk. After it is gathered, it 



Combination Hay and Stock Barn — State Test Farm, Saxe, 
Va. 



is subjected to another rigid examination. The selected 
ears are then planted in a seed patch, each ear in a row 
to itself. Alternate halves of these rows are detasseled, 
and all inferior stalks removed. The seed for the follow- 
ing year is selected from the detasseled parts of the row. 
The fodder and 9orn from each row are weighed to deter- 
mine which parent ear produced the greatest yield. 
Grasses, Alfalfa and Clovers. 
Plot and field experiments are now being conducted 
with these valuable grasses both alone and in combination. 
There are now twelve plots of frasses with more to be 
added this fall. In making these experiments, lime as 
well as fertilizer is being used, and subsoiling is included 
in the thorough preparation of the land. There are now 
180 plots of field crops under observation, and there is 
little doubt but that some valuable lessons will follow the 
tabulation of results. 



Organization — Election of Officers. 

Standard of Duroc Swine — Mr. B. H. Tyler, Dublin, Va., 
and Frank A. Lovelock, Lynchburg, Va. 

History of the Duroc Breed — Dr. Walter J. Quick, Pro- 
fessor of Animal Husbandry, Blacksburg, Va. 

Advantages of Durocs over other Breeds — C. L. Shenk, 
Luray, Va. 

Discussion — R. W. Watson, Petersburg, Va.; Walter M. 
Carroll, Lynchburg, Va. 

How to Develop Breeding Hogs — Hon. J. H. C. Beverly, 
Chance, Va. 

The Sanitary Care of Swine, Dr. J. G. Ferneyhough 
Burkeville, Va. 

The Brood Sow and Her Litter, Mr. C. B. Pickett, Wor- 
sham, Va. 

Discussion — ^Mr. Floyd, Bridgetown, Va. 

How to Improve the Hog Show at the Virginia State 
Fair. 

Discussion. Business. Adjournment. 

It is hoped that every Duroc breeder in the State will 

■B araooaq puB '2un99ui eq^t ui jjBd ai^Bj puB .':in8S8Jd aq 
charter member of the proposed State organization. 

LESLIE D. KLINE. 



CALL FOR MEETING OF DUROC-JERSEY BREEDERS 

There will be a meeting of the breeders of Duroc swine 
in Richmond, on Wednesday, October 7, 1908, at Murphy's 
Hotel, at 7:30 P. M., for the purpose of organizing a Vir- 
ginia Duroc Swine Breeders' Association. The following 
programme has been arranged for that occasion: 

Organization Address— Leslie D. Kline, Vaucluse, Va. 



THE STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

The Farmers Institute of 1908 has gone into history. 
As a social function it was a great success. As an edu- 
cational institution a dismal failure. I want to make these 
statements as strong as I can. I want to make some- 
body mad. I want people to abuse and "cuss" me for say- 
ing that such a meeting was a failure. I have been a 
speaker at thousands of farmers' meetings, and I have 
never seen anything to compare with this meeting for 
sociability and hospitality. Nowhere, except in the Old 
Dominion could men and cities be found with that broad- 
gauge hospitality shown to the farmers at this meeting by 
the City of Richmond and the proprietor and manager of 
Curl's Neck Farm. The trip down the James on the splen- 
did steamers, the splendid entertainment, the limitless 
hospitality, the substantial and ample luncheon, the cour- 
teous treatment at the great plant known as Curl's Neck, 
are beyond comprehension, except to those who saw and 
heard, and ate. None but men. of large and liberal hearts 
and minds could conceive and carry out such a plan. 
Such a treat to the farmers of any Commonwealth, every 
thing first-class, clean, moral and befitting the occasion. 
No one can, in words, do justice to such a feast of good 
things as the farmers had spread for them on this trip 
The very elements seemed to conspire to make it an occa- 
sion to linger in the memory of every participant. None 
but a base ingrate could say a word against any feature 
of this part of the programme of the State Farmers' In- 
stitute. 

The educational part of the programme is what I want 
to see improved. I do not criticise the management, the 
officers or the speakers. I simply want to try to point 
out a better way. The State should appropriate the money 
necessary to hold a two days' meeting in every county in 
Virginia. These meetings should be held during Decem- 
ber, .Tanuary and February, and should be located in the 
most accessible points in the various counties. The local- 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEK. 



790 



ity where the meeting is held should furnish the hall or 
room for the meeting. The State should pay the expense 
of advertising, and furnish two practical, experienced 
speakers. A local organization in each county should be 
chosen at each meeting to serve one year. This local or- 
ganization to consist of a chairman, secretary, treasurer, 
and a committee of three or five to formulate a programme 
for the next meeting. The date of these meetings should 
be arranged in groups of three contiuguous counties, to 
enable the State speakers to attend this series of meetings 
conveniently, and at the minimum of expense. This will 
enable the management to furnish practical speakers, com- 
petent to teach the people in the various localities, the 
newer and most practical methods known to them along 
the lines of the special crops, soils, fertilizers, live-stock, 
horticulture, grains, grasses, trucking, poultry, etc., that 
would interest and be helpful to the people of that par- 
ticular locality. Hold five sessions at each of these meet- 
ings. Four day sessions and one night session. Limit 
the time of these sessions to two and one-half hours each, 
and make your programmes short, concise, practical. Have 
your programme arranged by topic, and confine the discus- 
sions to this topic. Thus: Monday, August 3d, 9:30 to 12 
—The Soil. Monday, August 3, 1 P. M. to 4 P. M.— Fer- 
tilizers and Manure. Monday, August 3, 7 P. M. to 9:30 
P. M. — Education for Farmers. Tuesday, August 4, 9:30 
to 12 P. M. — Feeds and Forage. Tuesday, August 4, 1 P. 
M. to 4 P. M.— Live Stock. 

These topics can be subdivided, and a limited time al- 
lowed for discussion. The topics can be varied according 
to the need and industry of the locality. Many people do 
not have time, and some do not desire to attend all the 
sessions, and with this arrangement they can give their 
time and attention to the session most interesting to 
them. Better interest, better attention and better order 
will follow such an arrangement. The Institute must be 
taken to the people. Virginia has a population of over 
2,000,000. One-half of her citizens are engaged directly 
in agriculture, and all of them are dependent upon the 
prosperity of the farmers. Less than one per cent, can 
and do attend the State Institute. With an institute held 
in every county the masses would attend, and in a very 
short time fifty per cent, of the rural population would 
attend these meetings. One man put It in this very prac- 
tical way: "It will cost me about $25 to attend this meet- 
ing. I would rather pay that amount to have an insti- 
tute in my own county. Then my wife and four boys 
could attend." 

The cost of holding such meetings need not exceed ?40 
per county. Some may think this would be paternalism. 
The State maintains other educational institutions. Why 
not an institution that lies at the very foundation of all 
education, of every great and legitimate enterprise, and 
is the fountain-head of all industry, the cradle in which 
every really great man and measure has been rocked and 
nurtured since the day of Washington. It is the product 
of the farm that turns the wheels of every enterprfse, that 
puts the Idle cars in motion, that fills the great ocean 
freighters, and brings the gold of other countries to fill 
the coffers of our beloved "Uncle Sam. 

Let us have an appropriation of $5,000 per year to start 
this work. Let us make every session a business session. 



Bjir every kind and chamctor of graft, politics, advertis- 
ing and selfishness from the Farmers' Institute. Leave 
exhibits of fruits and machinery to the fairs and see us 
grow. 

CAL. HUSSELMAN. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE 
MEETING. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

Having attended every session of the late annual meet- 
ing of the Virginia State Farmers' Institute, the under- 
signed was greatly interested in its proceedings; espec- 
ially, as with his friend. Prof. S. B. Heiges, who also at- 
tended the Institute, he was connected with such work 
in Pennsylvania for a number of years. Prof. Heiges has 
become a Virginian, having located upon a farm of some 
350 acres In Powhatan county, which he bought several 
years ago. 

It was to be regretted that the acoustics of the hall in 
which the sessions were held were bad, and what with the 
restlessness, In consequence, of some members, and the 
reverberations from the lobby where loud conversations 
were continuous. It was difficult for those in the cen- 
tral and rear portions of the hall to hear the speakers. 
It was no wonder, therefore, that some were compelled to 
speak at a high pitch, or to yell, as Husselman, "the hen 
man," said, loud enough to be heard "down at the Union 
Station." 

Another matter which should be remedied when the In- 
stitute again meets, is that some of the subjects took too 
much time, in view of the lengthy programme, through 
the desire of members to Interrogate the speakers. Thus 
discussions ensued, which became protracted, and unduly 
lengthened the sessions. To guard against this a "query 
box" should be provided, to receive slips containing ques- 
tions to which answers are desired, and at the close of 
each session the queries should be referred to those compe- 
tent to answer, the answers to be made at the next ses- 
sion. 

A matter of still greater consequence in embarrassing 
the Institute was the consideration at a State gathering of 
topics, which interested certain districts more than others, 
and which filled the programme with too many subjects, 
and crowded into the sessions of two days what should 
have been given at least three days' consideration. If 
institutes were held in districts, or, better still, in coun- 
ties, the programmes could be adapted to the respective 
interests of the several sections. Thus, In the tooacco belt 
matters pertaining to the tobacco industry could be made 
paramount. The same could be done In the Tidewater sec- 
tion, where truck farming, peanut growing and other in- 
terests hold sway; in the Piedmont district, where fruit 
culture is coming to the front; in the Northern tier of 
counties and the "Valley of Virginia," where dairying is 
engaging much attention; and in the Southwest, where the 
raising of beef cattle, sheep, lambs and hogs for market 
engross the farmers. 

When the Farmers' Institute movement was Inaugiir- 
ated In Pennsylvania twenty years ago, it was confined to 
a few counties, and conducted on the lines of teachers' 
institutes, which for many years had been popular in the 
State. These farmers' Institutes were conducted under 



800 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[September, 



tjie direction of ttie State Board of Agriculture, and proved 
BO effective in bringing about good results that the pres- 
ent Department of Agriculture was an outgrowth. Where 
formerly the sum of $5,0'00 was considered sufficient to 
conduct the operations of the State Board of Agriculture, 
the most of which went for salaries, the lectures at farm- 
ers' institutes paying their own expenses, over $100,000 is 
now expended per annum in carrying out all the work ot 
the Department of Agriculture. One of the most import- 
ant divisions is that of "Economic Zooology," which is 
engaged in fighting the insect pests and diseases of grain, 
fruit and vegetables that annually cause such great losses 
to the farmers. Another division that is doing great work 
is that of "Dairy and Pure Food," while the regulation ot 
the industry of "Commercial Fertilizers" has been of 
great value. The last mentioned more than pays for itself 
— the licnse fees that must be paid by manufacturers of 
festilizers and agents, and in the receipt of fines and pen- 
alties imposed for violation of the laws on the subject. 

According to a letter just received by the undersigned 
from the Hon. A. L. Martin, Secretary of Agriculture, and 
Director of Farmers' Institutes, the Pennsylvania Legis- 
lature appropriated $20,000 for carrying on institutes dor- 
ing the coming session. The number of days of institutes 
is 400, a number being held on the same day. The session 
begins November 27th, and ends March 15th. The num- 
ber of lectures already assigned is sixty-eight, to which 
must be added many local lecturers and essayists in the 
various districts where institutes are held. Three or four 
State lecturers are sent to each institute, and there are 
sixty-seven managers, or one for each county. The man- 
agers serve without pay. In the more populous counties 
five and six institutes are held, mostly of two days' dura- 
tion each. Thus every locality in the State can receive 
instruction on any special line in which it is most inter- 
ested. In addition to these local institutes, the State 
Board of Agriculture, which is still in existence, notwith- 
standing the organization of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, holds several meetings each year, which are con- 
ducted in the nature of institutes, and the directors and 
lecturers of institutes hold an annual meeting, covering 
three or four days, in which their work is reviewed, and 
topics are discussed. 

The undersigned was greatly pleased with the remarks 
of the Hon. Henry C. Stuart, President . of the Virginia 
State Fair Association, who, on the first day of the Insti- 
tute, addressed the farmers of Virginia, who were as- 
sembled before him. He struck the right vein when he 
showed what good work can be accomplished by the State 
Fair in the promotion of agriculture and horticulture, 
and how important it is that the farmers give it their 
support. Himself a farmer by occupation, and large pro- 
ducer of export cattle, he was a proper exponent of the 
farmer's interests on this occasion. 

Another feature of the Virginia State Farmers' Insti- 
tute was the large number of counties represented. Of the 
ninety-eight counties in the State, there were representa- 
tives of sixty-five present. That the Commissioner of Ag- 
riculture, Mr. Koiner, has been doing good work was evi- 
dent from the number of farmers, dairymen and truck 
growers in attendance who have located in Virginia in the 



past few years. Swedish and Danish names were espec- 
ially conspicuous, such as Ancarrow, Droste, Gulden, Jen- 
sen, Kinde, Lewisen, Larsen, Mistn, Munter, Madsen, Mo- 
ren, Nallest, Olsen, Ragnak, Ribula, Troving and Tocton. 
A Norwegian name has even been given to one of the 
post-offices near which these foreign agriculturists have 
colonized, viz.: Norge. Of course, the trip to the wonder- 
ful Curl's Neck Farm was one of the greatest features of 
the Institute. But that's another story. 
Richmond, Va. CYRUS T. FOX. 



WOOD ASHES AS A FERTILIZER FOR FRUIT TREES. 

It is only roght that the farmer should, when possible, 
utilize every waste product on the farm. There accumu- 
lates around the house during the winter season a quantity 
of wood ashes, which are of some fertilizing value, their 
principal constituent of plant food being potash. 

If these ashes have not been exposed to the rains (which 
will cause the very soluble potash to leach out) they may 
be used in the orchard to a good advantage. While ashes 
may be applied closer to the body of the tree than manures, 
they should not be banked too closely. One peck of strong, 
unleached ashes spread about a newly set tree is enough, 
while from one to three bushels should be used for a tree 
five years old and upwards. Ashes may be applied almost 
any time, and a good way is to carry the ashes to the or- 
chard as they are removed from the stove. 

Since pota'^h is the valued element in wood ashes, and 
since it is also the one so much needed in the orchard (in- 
suring early ripening, rich color and solid fruit) the 
farmer should see that it is only unleached ashes he ap- 
plies. While it will be all right to use the amount made 
on his farm, it is not good practice to buy elsewhere. It 
means paying too much for the percentage of potash they 
contain, not to mention the expense of hauling. It is 
better and cheaper to supplement the home supply by using 
Kainit or high-grade muriate of potash. When these can- 
not be readily obtained, a fertilizer containing 2 per cent, 
nitrogen, 6 per cent, phosphoric acid and 8 per cent, pot- 
ash may be applied. While such a mixture may be put 
under and around a newly set tree, it need not be put 
nearer than four feet of the body of a bearing tree. It 
should be applied to the surface and then turned under, 
so as to be placed down near to the feeding roots 

Coal ashes are of little value except on wet lands, aad 
that is the kind of land on which fruit trees should never 
be planted. 

D. I. DUNCAN. 



I do not know of any business for which there are better 
openings than fruit and truck growing. The rapid devel- 
opment of the great Southwest has given births to hun- 
dreds of towns and endowed them with a wonderful rate 
of growth. I think it will be generally found that fruit 
and vegetables are the last products to be locally supplied 
from the surrounding country. My observaion is tns** there 
is little trouble in finding a town of from o"- ^•(Usand 
population up to small cities whose demand for fruit and 
vegetables is not half supplied from its neighboring terri- 
tory. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



801 



THB 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BT 

TIE SOUTHERN PLANTER PIIBLISHIN6 CO.. 

RICHMOND, YA. 

nVDIlD ON 1ST or E3ACH MONTH. 



J. F. JACKSON. 
Edlt«r. 



B. MORGAN SHEPHERD. 
Business Manai^er. 



B. W. RHOADS. 

W^astern Representative, g44 Tribune 

Building, Chicago, 111. 



MANCHESTER OFFICE: 

J. Carter, 1102 Hull Street. 



ADVERTISING RATES 
Will be furnished on application. 



The SOUTHERN PLANTER U mailed 
to subscribers in the United States. 
Mexico and Island possessions at 60 
eents per annum; all foreign countries, 

?1; the city of Richmond and Canada, 
i cents. 

REMITTANCES should be made 
41rect to this office, either by Regis- 
tered Letter or Money Order, which 
Will be at our risk. When made other- 
Wise we cannot be responsible. 

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive 
their paper promptly and regularly 
Will confer a favor by reporting the 
fact at once. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to write up 
•n any ag-rlcultural topic. We are 
always pleased to receive practical 
articles. Rejected matter will be re- 
turned on receipt of postage. 

No anonymous commmunicatlons er 
enquiries will receive attention. 
Address THB SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
RICHMOND, VA. 

ENTERED AT THB POST-OFFICE 
AT RICHMOND, VA., AS SECOND- 
CLlA.SS MAIL MATTER. 



TOWERS FISH BRAND 

WATERPROOF 

OILED 
GARMENTS 

I are cut on large 
patterns, designed 
to give the wearer 
|he utmost comfort 




lICHT-DUIME-CLEWi 

GUARANTEED'wArERPRO'''' 

SUITS *322 
SLICKERS *322: 

BcsummecAiiMCMr 
YOU Mrt seAfi rm -town?^ 

SICM Of T/l£ r/SM. ] *<Bl*" E 

.i^JsS' A J TOWER CO BOSTON, us «_ 
^l^-" TOWtR CANADIAN CO. UMITEO TOOONTO CAH 



PUBLISHERS' NOTES. 
TO ADVERTISERS. 
Please bear In mind that we must 
have all copy or InstructlonB for ad- 
vertisememtB by the 25th of each 
month without fall. Every month we 
are compelled to omit advertising in 
large volumes for the simple reason 
that copy does not reach us In time. 



A NEAT BINDEat 
If you will send 30 cents to our 
business office, we will send you a 
neat binder made of substantial Bris- 
tol Board, In which you can preserve 
am entire volume of the Southern 
Plaster. Many of our readers find 
these a useful device, as they always 
save their copies for reference. 



The Wm. Galloway Co., starts its 
season's advertising with an attractive 
card in this issue. 

The celebrated "Battle Axe" shoes, 
made by the Stephen Putney Shoe Co., 
are attractively advertised on another 
page. 

The Kalamazoo Stove Co. is adver- 
tising its well known stoves and 
ranges on the "From factory to con- 
sumer" plan. 

Bargains, in farm wagons are offered 
by the Spotless Co., the South's lead- 
ing mail order house. 

The De Laval Separator Co., starts 
its fall advertising campign this 
month. 

Drs. Hess & Clark have a promi- 
nent announcement of their stock food 
and other preparations on another 
page. 

The Law Department of the Rich- 
mond College has an advertisement in 
this issue, of interest to legally in- 
clined young men. 

The Continental Plant Co. has its 
usual seasonable announcement on an- 
other page. 

The Ohio Carriage Mfg Co. would 
like to send yon its very interesting 
catalogue. Look up the advertisement. 

Shetland ponies are advertised by 
Montrose Farm. 

Pierson Bros, are offering some very 
valuable second-hand machinery. 

The Coe-Mortimer Co. announces on 
another page that it is now in shape to 
handle fall trade in Peruvian guano 
and fertilizer materials. 

Cambridge Corrugated Rollers are 
offered this month by R. F. Harris & 
Company. 

H. W. Warner is offering very choice 
seed wheat. Send for descriptive cir- 
cular and sample. 




WOODS SEEDS. 
Best qualities obtainable. 



Winter or 
Hairy Vetch 

makes not only one of the larp^est 
yielding and best winter ieeil and 
forage crops you can grow, but is 
also one of the ))est of soii-iniprov- 
ors, adding more nitroir( n to the 
soil than anyiother winter crop. 

Wood's Descriptive Fall Cat- 
alogue pivcs full information 
about this valuable crop; also 
^about all other 

Farm 6 Garden Seeds 

/^ for Fall planting. Catalogue 
r^ mailed free on request. Write 
for it. 



o 



Q 



T. W. WOOD & SONS, 

Seedsmen, - Richmond, Va. 




Bell Hay Curing Rack 




5 

O 

o 
» 

QD 

o 



(Patented October IJ, 1»08.) 
Solves the problem of curing pea 
vines, alfalfa er other hay almost re- 
gardless of weather conditions, as tha 
racks give Interior ventilation and 
keep hay from touching ground, there- 
by causing it to cure out nicely when 
other methods fall. One handling com- 
pletes the work and the hay Is safa. 
For prices and circular giving full 
particulars, address 

H. H. BBLL, BurKerine, Va. 
Ageats 'Wanted In Kvery Coaatr* 



McKILLIP 



Veterinary College 

C!:icat:o — Ciiarterccl iS9~ 
AFFORDS UNLIMITED CUNICAL ADVANTAGES 

New college bnildlin; containing every modem 
equipment. Sessions begin Sept. 15, 1908. Tbe now 
IJ. S. Sanitary and Pure Food laws require large 
and Increaslnp: number of Veterinary Inspectors. 

l^^Wrlto fnrCatalnjrand other Information. 
Caorga B. McKllllp. Sec, f'r'- P,^y«^«<^ .<^- . Chiogo 



BANK OF RICHMOND, 

Main and Ninth Streets. 



rVI'ITAIi. $1.000.000 00. SURPL-rS. Si47.%.000.00. 

Special attention paid to out-of-town accounts. Correspondence invited. 
Three per cent. Interest Allowed In Savings Department. 
Compounded Semi-Annually. 



802 



THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTEE 



[September, 



The Benefits 
Derived by 
Usin^ a 

TUBULAR 

are so many, that after a man 

buys one, he 

wonders why 

he waited so 

long, to "get 

wise." 

Don't you 
wait and then 
regret; but 
investigate, 
now, the su- 
periority of 
the Tubular Separator. 

Easy filling— Waist low .rapply 

tank. 
Easy turning— Light running, 
self oiling gears. 
Easy cleaning— Simple (3-part) 

bowl. 
Clean skimming— Su spe nded 
bottom fed bowl. 
Durability— Made to stand wear 

and tear. 
Economy— Less attention— less 
repairs than other separators 
require. 

These are some advantages 
found in the Tnl^ular, only, lo 
learn more write for Catalog '.GO. 

The Sharpies Separator Co., 

West Chester, Penna. 

Toronto, Can. San Francisco, Cali*. Chicago, 111. 




Robertson's 



HANGING 




Stanchion 



Is used and 
endorsed by 
ttiousan ds ; 
will allow the 
animal per- 
fect freedom 
to lie with its 
head in or 
out of the 
manager. 
Sold subject 
to a 30 days 
free trial in 
your own sta- 
ble. Writ 
for booklet. 



O. H. ROBBRTSON, 
He. 18 Camp Street, Forestvllle, Conrn. 



Monarch 




Hydraulic 

Cider Press 



ireat strength and ca- 
pacity: all sizes! also 
gasoline engines, 
steam enginea 
sawmills, thresh- 
ers. Catalog free 
Wonarch Machinery Co.. 610 CortlandtBtdg-.NewYorb 



PLANfcl JR. 



Iinplemcntii Sa'ff 
yun money, 
S. li. Allen * Co., Box 1107X. Pht1«- 
delphla. 



Parties interested in Red Poll cat- 
tle should refer to the advertisement 
of H. M. Luttrell. 

Bloomfield Stock Farm announces a 
dispersal of its stock, including Per- 
cheron horses, Shorthorn cattle and 
Berkshire hogs. All farm implements, 
machinery, etc., are included. 

Seasonable seed are offered by S. T. 
Beveridge & Co. 

Valuable horse remedies are adver- 
tised by Wright Bros. See their ad- 
vertisement. 

Ellerslie Farm is offering some very 
choice thoroughbreds in addition to its 
usual monthly offerings. 

Ground phosphate rock can be had 
of W. B. Alexander & Co. 

The "Want" columns contain num- 
erous opportunities for barter, sales, 
exchanges and positions. 



BOOKS. 
Robert E. Lee, by Philip Alexander 
Bruce, LL. D., author of Economic 
History of Virginia in the 17th Cen- 
tury, The Plantation Negro as a Free- 
man, Rise of the New South, etc. Pub- 
lished by Geo. W. Jacobs & Co., Phil- 
adelphia, Pa. This is one of the se- 
ries of American Crisis Biographies, 
and will be welcomed by every South- 
ern man, and especially by every Vir- 
ginian. The author is himself a Vir- 
ginian of fine old lineage and thor- 
oughly imbued with the Virginian's 
love of his native State and of her 
great characters, and amongst these 
no greater is to be found than Robert 
B. Lee — great in war and still greater 
in peace. No finer character than R. 
E. Lee ever lived, and the author has 
in this book so portrayed the man as 
to make him live before the eyes of 
the readers of his book, and the daily 
life so portrayed is one to make even 
those who have no especial interest 
in the character of General Lee love 
the man and admire the hero. Every 
Virginian ought to have the book in 
his library as an inspiration to the 
rising generation. 



PREMIJM LIST. 
Virginia State Fair, Richmond, Oc- 
tober 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1908. Send to 
the General Manager. M. R. Lloyd, 
State Fair Office, Main Street, Rich- 
mond, for copy, if you have not got 
one, and see that you exhibit some- 
thing and attend the Fair. 



CATALOGUES. 

T'nited States College of Veterinary 
Pi'n?;eon=. 222 C Street N. W., Wash- 
ington, D. C. : 

Kansas City Veterinary College, E. 
15th St., Kansas City, Mo. Davidson, 
Burnley & Co., Richmond, Va., National 
Water Supply System. Every farmer 
should send for a copy of this cata- 
logue. It will show him how he can 
have all the city conveniences in a 
water supply in his hones and on his 
premises. 



Investigate by Writing 

For Our Free Book and Terms 



$375 to 
$500 

Readyto 
Use in All 
Weather. 




BLACK MOTOR ^ 

Buggies for Service 

Get our interesting "Black Motor Buggy" 
Book about the only motor buggies that are 
good city or country road "mudders" and "hill 
climbers" and built lor practical use. No 
jarring — No blowups on tires— Speed 2 to 25 
miles an houi — RunSO miles on one gallon o' 
gasoline — Safe — Reliable — Especially equip- 
ped for professional use — 10 horse power — "Get 
there" and "back again'' every trip, and save 
time, worry and expense. Right prices and 
terms. Write for Book A- 221 

BLACEC MFG. CO. 

124 E.Ohio St. Chicago, til. 



The Improved 

Screw Stump Puller 

Write for Prices 




Chainberlin Mfg. Co., Olean, N. Y. 



HERCULES 

Stumo Puller 




Clears an acre of heavy timber land 
each day. Clears all stumps In a cir- 
cle of 150 feet without moving or 
changing the machine. Strongest, most 
rapid working and best made. 
HERCULES MF'G Co., 
413 17th St., Centreville, Iowa. 



Wheeis. Freight Paid $8 75 

for 4 llut-gv »lii-fl», Sle,-! lirr. uii. WiiU ItuliOo 
Tir..., <lli.aO. I iuf«. whi-i-is Ji lo 4 in. Irincl. Kiilibi. 
TireT..p IliiKliifK. }H1; llapni-K«. jOi. Wriif torcaialos 

Lvarn how to buy direct, Itopnir Wh* flu, f5.6C 
W»i!"U Umbr«.Ja KKtK. W. V,BOOb.*'l""""-"'>'' 




1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE 



803 




Tornado 



Fted and 
ENSILAGE CUTTER 
For the 
Preparation 
of all kinds 
of Feed. 
Supplied in various 
sizes to meet demands 
of all and either with 
or without. 

TravcIlBg; Feed Table, Carrier or Blower 
mounted or unmounted. Also equipped 
with interchangeable cylinders, mak- 
ing it possible to reduce corn, rye, 
oats, hay, alfalfa, etc., to any desired 
state. Write for our new catalogue, 
containing information concerning sil- 
age and silage equipments. If Inter- 
ested we will quote lowest possible 
prices upon both TORNADO Silo and 
Silo Filler. Manufactured bv 
■W. R, HARRISON * CO., Alasalllon, O. 



DOSS 

In with BLOWERand Traveling 
■ ■ FEED TABLE 



SILO FILLING 
MACHINERY 




Made 

in sizeS) 

to suit 

all ■wants 

from 5 to 

15 Horse 

Power Engine. 

Sold on their own merits. Pay 

for same after tried and satisfied. 

URGEST CAPACITY AND STRONGEST BUrLT 

Write for catalog. We have had 58 years 
experience and are the largest and oldest man- 
ufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the world. 
THE E. W. ROSS CO., Box 16 Springfield, Ohio 

We also make ROSS SILOS and MANURE SPREADERS. 



Gen'l Agents, Richmond, Va. 




ENGINES FOR SALE. 

Ten horse traction $250; 10 horse 
portable, $150; 12 horse portable. $200; 
6 horse boiler and engine, $90; 1 horse 
gasoline engine, $40; 3 horse, $60; 6 
horse, $125; 10 horse, $175. Boilei;s and 
engines from 1 to 100 horse carried in 
stock for immediate shipment. 
Casey Boiler Works, Springfield, Ohio. 



MKTAIi 
MOTHBRS. 



Complete Fireproof 
Hatching and Brood- 
ing Plant for 17.80 : 
two quarts of oil will 
hatch and braod the 
chicks. Our nest sys- 
tem is the latest dis- 
covery. Full line of 
p ou 1 1 r y supplien. 
lio-west prices. Free 
catalogue. Write to-day. 

OYCILB) HATCHER CO., 
Box 408j Blmlra, New York. 



Tell the advertiser where you saw 
his advertisement. 




FARM LIFE VERSUS POETTRY. 
By E. A. Wend, (Street, Maryland.) 

Says Mrs. B , (the former's wife) 

"I'm sure I do not see 
How people find, in farmers' work, 

A theme for poetry. 
Just tell me what's poetical 

In risin' with the sun. 
An' workin', like a slave all day, 

Then can't see what you've done? 

How do you s'pose that any man, 

With any common sense, 
Could feel a call to rhyme and song 

While stringin' barb-wire fence? 
Or, when he starts a reaper, an' 

The old thing goes 'ker-smash,' 
An' leaves the hands to set and wait — 

Now, all that means lost cash. 

Or, when your hay is cut an' 'cured' 
An' you've commenced to 'haul,' 

A shower comes an' turns it black 
Or, maybe, spoils it all. 

Or, maybe, when you cultivate 
The plow'll catch rock or stump. 
The handles 'punch' you in the ribs 
An' raise an awful lump. 

We women have to cook an' scrub 

An iron an' churn an' bake 
(For farm-hands eat like 'all-possess- 
ed') 

Until our bones just ache. 
I don't see any poetry 

In livin' on a farm." 
And Mrs. B poured out the tea 

With an unconscious charm. 

The truest joy of farm life, friend, 

Is when, at eventide, 
You're sitting in the moonlight with 

Your sweetheart by your side; 
The toil of day is over, and 

A peaceful quiet reigns; 
The perfume- laden evening breeze 

Is soft and cool again. 

Have you forgot your country days 

When Mr. B , at night. 

Would call and take you driving 

In the witching, cool moonlight? 
The gently rustling cornfields. 

The whispering grass and wheat, 
A joy supreme within your heart — 

For all was calm and sweet. 

Of course, it's not all poetry — 

The poet writes his dream; 
He knows as well as you' or I, 

Things are not what they seem. 
He paints the joys of farm-life as 

An artist paints his bride — 
He brings out strong, her beauties, but 

Her faults, he tries to hide. 

There's work in other walks, my dear. 

As much as in farm-life; 
They're not so peaceful, either, but 

Are, often, full of strife. 
And, then, God made the country 

With its life-sustaining store — 
With His blessed work before our eyes, 

Our lives should be more pure. 



r^ Let Us Send You ^«^ 

Oui* Book. 

abont good wheels and i^ood wagons that wfll •»▼• 
yoa a lot ot work and maice you a lot oC money — ths 

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEELS 

and th e 

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON. 



By every test, they are the 
a quarter milUons sold. 
huh Cant work loose. A se' 



More ttutm oea and 
jnatted to the 
QOWB'beeis will 



make your old wagon new. Ca.ta,JosqgSjge^ 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 146, WnCy. I 




Farmers' Handy Wagon 

Absolutely the best wagon built for 
every kind of farm work, and the 
cheapest you can buy. It is low down, 
has wide steel wheels and wide tires, 
and will last a lifetime without re- 
pairs. Can be depended upon to haul 
any kind of a load. Guaranteed In 

every respect. 

STKGIi WHESLS 

Tor farm wagons — 

my size to fit any 

ixle. Send for our 

Tree booklet before 

you buy a wagon or a set of wheels. 

KMPIRE: MFG. CO., Box 140 AH. 

anlncy. III. 




GET OUR PRICES ON 

Carpenter^s Tools 



AND 



Builders' Hardware* 

Fuller Brothers 



DANVILLB, VA. 



lake Your Own Ferillizf r 

at Small Cost witn . 
WILSON'S PHOSPHATE MilU 
FromltotOH.P. Also Bone 
CatterSi hand and powei 
for the ponltrymeB; irrll 
andsbeU mills, farm fee4 
mills, famUy grist mills, 
'sorap oak* mills. Seadfoi 
oatajog, y 

wnsN Bns„ Soto am., fasm, i^ 






De LOAC:ii 

3/2 to 200 H. P. 



IWMlliL 



steam, Gasoline and Water Poiver 

Planers, Shingle Mills and Corn Mills. 

WE PAY THE FREIGHT. 

Send for Catalosiie. 

DeLoach Mill Mfg. Co.. Bridgeport, Ala. 

Box 2G5 



A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. AddreM 
our Business Department. 



804 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[September, 



1 HORSE MiybS 1 HOUR 



ir wonderful new Daisy SELF-THREAD- 
}, self-feeding, one-horse hay press. It is 
the only one on the marlset on which one 
man can do all the work. This first success- 
ful self-threading device — greatest time 
[saver ever. Condenser and open bars on bale 

[bopper ^increasecapacity and prevent 

,forl£ catching. 
iFlve days' 
Ifree trial. 
Writ© today 
■ for prices 
I and circulars. 



Fast Hay Baling 



by using the machine that's easy tc 
large feed hole 



feed, the 



ELI BALING PRESS 

The only machine for long.eoarse or matted hay . 
Bales perfectly Alfalfa, Peavlnea, Johnson and 
other grasses. Power increases as hay L^comes 
denser. Larye chaiges.perfectfolds.bell signal, 
4 siile tei'Sion grip. CaUandseeit 
or write lori lustrated catalogue. 
40 sizes and Bi yles. 
Collins Plow Co.| Quincy, III., 
I IBS Hampshire Si. J 



CIDER AND WNb iWIllS 




THE3 liATEST IMPROVED AND THE 
BEST HILIi ON THE MARKET. 

They cannot be surpaasetl In quality, 
finish, durability and capacity. They 
have hard wood frames, heavy cast 
Iron beants, and are handsomely fin- 
ished. The throat is adjustlble .so as 
to admit all sizes of fruit, and the 
grinding rollers are ground on the 
faces, are true to their centers, and are 
easily adjusted so close that no pulp 
can pass through without being thor- 
oughly crushed. The grinding appar- 
atus cannot be improved upon. 

Our complete catalogue giving price* 
on ail sizes as well as our complete 
line of farm machinery sent free on 
request. 

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY. 

1S02 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



DISINFECTION AT FALL FAIRS. 

As the fair season approaches and 
breeders are getting their herds ready 
for the circuit, it is perhaps well to 
say something about the arrangements 
that are made for maintaining sani- 
tary conditions in the barns and show 
rings of the various State Fairs and 
Expositions. This matter is one that 
is very important, although there are 
doubtless many exhibitors who have 
not stopped to consider it seriously 
and take into account the benefit they 
derive from proper attention to these 
details. Where large numbers of ani- 
mals from almost every part of the 
country are assembled, those from the 
East quartered alongside of those 
from the "West, there is more or less 
chance of the introduction and spread 
of some contagious diseases. There 
have been instances of just such un- 
fortunate occurrences, and to guard 
against a repetition of the trouble, 
most fair associations now arrange to 
have buildings and grounds thorough- 
ly disinfected during the fair season. 

We presume most of our readers 
have noticed the work done by Parke, 
Davis & Company at many of the lead- 
ing fairs in past years. Kreso Disin- 
fectant, manufactured by this com- 
pany, is now recognized as the stand- 
ard product of its kind, and the fact 
that it is used at fairs must always 
give the exhibitors of valuable stock 
a feeling of security. During the 
present season Kreso will be represent- 
ed at the following fairs: Columbus, 
Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; Milwaukee. Wis.; 
Indianapolis, Ind.; Grand Rapids, 
Mich.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Huron, S. D.; 
Atlanta, Ga. ; Danbury, Conn.; Des 
Moines, Iowa; Hamline, Minn.; Sioux 
City, Iowa, and Springfield, 111. At 
some of these Kreso will be employed 
as the official disinfectant, and others 
will doubtless be added to the list 
later in the season. Moreover, Kreso 
has been used at some seventy-five 
leading Fairs and Expositions (includ- 
ing the International Live Stock Ex- 
position) during the past few years, 
and we have never known of an out- 
break of contagious disease upon 
grounds thus protected. 

To those who are visitors but not 
exhibitors, the fact that Parke, Davis 
& Company will be upon these grounds 
with sanitary apparatus and a display 
of their Animal Industry Products, of- 
fers an opportunity for the visitor to 
acquaint himself with them, that 
should not be missed. The display 
will include, in addition to Kreso Dis- 
infectant, Kreso Dip for general dip- 
ping onerations, BlacRlegoids for the 
protection of domestic animals against 
Anthrax, Azoa (Rat Virus) for the 
extermination of rats and mice with 
a material that is not injurious to do- 
mestic animals. Thermofuge, Tubercu- 
lin, etc. Almost every one has at one 
time or another, been very much in 
need of materials of this kind, or in- 
formation regarding them. We would 




HIGH GRADE 

DROP-HEAD 

LIGHT RUNNING 

SEWING 

MACHINE 

Positively th? greatest Sewing»Machine value 
ever offered. By our direct selling plan, we 
save you all dealers' and agents' profits. This 
Machine is equal to 
any usually sold by 
agents for §30.00. 
Is substantially 
made of best 
material, and is 
equipped with 
the latest im- 
provements. Ele- 
gant oak drop-leaf 
cabinet, 4 drawers 
-and full set of at- 
tachments. We give 
our binding 10-year 
^narantee with each machine. Order one today, try i t 30 
days and if not fonnd in every way satisfactory, we will re- 
fund your money. We are tlie larg:est sewing machine dis- 
tributers in the South, and make prompt shipment. 
Send for complete catalogue mailed free on application. 

MALSBY, SHIPP & CO. 

Department 14, Atlanta, Ga. 





THE NEW CENTURY GATE 

CAN be opened or closed from 
your wagon by small child. gi:^ 

No springs, no hinges, no cast |lk 

ings, no cog-wheels, no wood, '-VM]3'.,jr:r^ VlX.V'^ ? 
no saging. no draging. So sira- \> ','-^-(~-^- u^^^V I: 
pie. so easy, no harness and almost no machinery; nothing 
to wear out or break, nothing to be getting out of fix. 
Not affected by drifting or deep snow, sloet or ice. Always 
ready for use and will last a life-time. A model of simpli- 
city, durability and cheapness. If there is no Agent in 
your locality, please write New CenUirj Sleel, Wire i Iron Works, 

602 S. REGISTER ST. BALTIMORE. MO 




MANLiOVE AUTOMATIC GATB 




Save 3 1 1 m. 
add! to vaiu 
safety, beauty 
and pleasure 
of home. 
Manlovk 
Gatk Co., 272 
Huron St. 
Chicago, 111. 



'STRONGEST 

KAOE. liuii 

strong chick 
I en-tife'ht Sold to the user at WhoIosiJ* 
I PrIeeH» We psT Freiirht. Catalogue free* 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
' Bos es Winchester, Indiana 




DON'T RUST FARM FENCE 

Sold direct to farmers ftt man- 
ufaotarerB' prices. Catalogue 
free. Freight prepalrl. 

THE WARD FENCE CO. 
Bos U52 Decatur, Ind. 




1908.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK 



805 



BaRcainis iiv 
2nd Hand Machinery* 

THB WATT PIjOW COMPANT, 

Richmond, Va. 

1*— 2S H. P. Geiser Engrlne and Boiler 

on skids. In flrat-clasa order. 
1—15 H. P. (8x10 cylinder) Pitts Bm- 

glnr and Boiler. Mounted on steel 

wheel*. 
1 — 3K H. P. Geiser Bnglne. Monnted 

on 3» H. P. Boiler on skids. Almost 

■en. 
1 — 12 H. P. Kelly Engine and Boiler 
on Trheels in first class order. 

1—16 H. P. Frick Bnerlne and Boiler 
on wheels. 

1— No. 1 Lane Saw Mill with Rlch- 
Disnd Iron Works Feed, 48-lnch 
Inserted Tooth Saw and all neces- 
sary belts. In first-class order. 

1 — No. 3 Farqnfaar Cable Feed Saw 
Mill with three Head Blocks and 
50-Inch iBKerted Tooth Saw. As 
Kood as new. 

S— « H. P. Peerless Kngrlne and Boiler 
on wheels. 

1 — 2nd hnnd American Combined Lath 
Mill and Bolter; in firMt-class con- 
dition; UNed three or fonr months. 

1 — 20 H. P. GelNer detached Elnie^lne and 
Boiler wilh IVo. 1 Lane Saw Mill, 48- 
litch inserted tooth siiw and all belt, 
<^c.. in lirMt-clasM order. 

1 — 2.'» H. P. Tiilhot Boiler on Sills. 

1 — 2.% H. P. Xnele Detached Knglne, 
both In grood condition. 

1 — 7-inch 4-SI(ied Molder. 

l^-4-(nch 4-Sided Molder. 
— ALSO — 

1— *S-lnch Inserted Tooth SImonds 

Saw. 
1 — 64-lnch Inserted Tooth SImonds 

Saw. 

♦ 

W'e Invite yonr correspondence and 
win grladly give any Information de- 
sired. 

THE WATT PLOW CO., 

7426 E. Main St., Richmond, Va, 

THE CAMBRIDGE 

CORRUGATED 
Land Roller and Pulverizer. 




THE BEST IN THE WORLD 

Used by the State Test Farm, Vir- 
ginia Agricultural College, Sweet Briar 
Institute, Miller M. L. School and 
some of the best farmers in the State. 

Address: 

R F. HARRIS && CO., Charlottesville, 
Virginia. 

THE D XIE Pf A HULLER. 

Hulls and cleans 5 to 6 
bushels peas per hou'. 
DotfS not break the peas. 
Has tw.i Cranks, sieve 
and seed box. Runs 
light, well built, never 
breaks 
,■ Get Our Special Quota- 
'»_ tionsfor Quick Orders. 
frANDERS MFG., Co., 
Iialton. Ga. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 




therefore make it a point to call at 
the tent or booth occupied by Parke, 
Davis & Company, and post up on 
these products. You will find there 
a representative of the company whose 
business it is to give information 
along these lines. From what we 
know of Parke, Davis & Company, we 
can assure our readers that they will 
be given a very cordial welcome and 
will be able to carry away informa- 
tion that will amply repay them for 
the time spent. 

"Would it not be a good idea to start 
now to keep a memorandum of things 
you want to see and do at the Fair? 
Put down "See P'arke, Davis & Com- 
pany's exhibit" as the very first item. 

HISTORICAL WRITERS OF THB 
SOUTH. 

Article No. 4. 
MARY WASHINGTON. 

Amongst the Virginia historians of 
the last century I may mention J. W. 
Campbell, who wrote a small but valu- 
able work ' on Virginia, published in 
1813, and Charles Campbell, his son, 
still better known as a historian. 

Henry Howe was also a Virginia his- 
torian of very good standing. He wrote 
about the year 1845 a history of Vir- 
ginia, in three divisions, as follows: 

1st. "The Outline, in which he fol- 
lows Bancroft quite closely." 

2d. "Miscellanies, furnished from 
various iSources, traditional, histori- 
cal and statistical." 

3d. "Antiquities, em racing county 
formations, alphabetically arranged, 
and many curious incidents connected 
with their histories, together with 
sketches of some of the inhabitants." 

"In preparing his subect matter," 
we are told by the author of 'By-Ways 
of Virginia History.' "Howe found 
Charles Campbell, author of the 'Colo- 
nial History of Virginia,' better in- 
formed on the history of Virginia 
than any one he had met in the course 
of his investigations." About that time 
Campbell was contributing historical 
articles to the "Southern Literary 
I.'essenger," which doubtless proved 
very germane to Howe's purposes. 
Camnbell himself published a history 
of Virginia in 18G0. 

Following his work on Virginia, 
Howe wrote a very entertaining one 
on "The Great West," with narratives 
of important events, sketches of fron- 
tier life and the remarkable adven- 
tures of the pioneers, and descriptions 
of natural curiosities. 



EDWARD A. POLLARD. 

1832—1872. 
Edward A. Pollard was born in Nel- 
son county, Virginia, February 27, 
1832. He was the son of the Hon. 
Richard Pollard, who was for eight 
years United States Minister to Chili 
under the appointment of President 
Jackson. His mother was a Miss 
Rives, sister of the distinguished and 



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806 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE 



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intellectual William C. Rives, so it 
seems natural that one coming of such 
a stock should exhibit malced intellect- 
ual gifts. Edward Pollard was edu- 
cated at Hampden-Sidney and the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, where he gradu- 
ated in some branches in 1849. After- 
wards he studied law at William and 
Mary under Judge Tucker, with whom 
he was a great favorite and from 
whom he imbibed his political bias. 
He emigrated to California and shar- 
ed the adventurous life incident to 
that wild region in 1855, when he wan- 
dered Southward, spending some time 
in Northern Mexico and Nicaragua. He 
then went to Washington city, where 
for two years he was clerk of the Ju- 
diciary Committee of the House of 
Representatives, besides doing journal- 
istic work. When the Civil War broke 
out he came to Richmond and engaged 
in editing the "Richmond Examiner." 
This became, under his auspices, the 
ablest .and most widely known journal 
of the South during the war, a fact of 
which Major Stiles speaks in his re- 
cent work, "Four Years Under Marse 
Robert." Pollard possessed all the 
gifts required for a first-class editor. 
He was not only intellectual, witty and 
oiltured, but he was fearless, inde- 
pendent and pungent. At one time 
his brother, Henry Rives Pollard, was 
editor of the Examiner with him. 
He wrote the following works: 
"Black Diamond," sketches of negro 
slavery, Av'ith illustrative anecdotes; 
"Southern History of the War," 1862- 
1866, two large volumes, retouched 
and extended; "Tru Lost Cause," Pub- 
lished in various forms and at various 
dates in Richmond, New York, and 
London. This was his most popular 
work and sold largely for those days 
— 100,000. It was translated into 
French. "'Observations on the North" 
— eight months on parole, Richmond, 
1865; "Lee and His Lieutenants." New 
York, 1868; "The Lost Cause Regain- 
ed," New York, 1869; "The Life of 
Jefferson Davis," Philadelphia, 1870. 
He was also the author of a number 
of brochures. From 18-67 to 1869 he 
edited a weekly paper in Richmond, 
entitled "The Southern Opinion." He 
died in Decem.ber, 1872, at the resi- 
dence of his brother, Mr. Richard Pol- 
lard, of Lynchburg, and the Lynch- 
burg News passed the following enco- 
mium on him: "He was one of the 
most brilliant, eloquent and forcible 
writers of this age, and his death cre- 
ates a void in literary circles which it 
will be difficult to fill." 



Tell the advertiser where you saw 
his advertisement. 



RAPHAEL SEMMES. 
1809—1877. 

Raphael Semmes, the hero of the 
Sumter and Alabama, was born in 
Charles county, Maryland. September 
27, 1809. He entered the United States 
Navy in 1826, but afterwards resigned 
and engaged in the practice of law In 
his native State. In the Mexican War 
he again entered the service, and when 



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1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



807 




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his vessel was lost during tlie siege 
of Vera Cruz he joined Gen. Scott's 
army as a volunteer. His experience 
then furnished material for his two 
works, "Service Afloat and Ashore 
During the Mexican War" (1851), 
and 'The Campaign of Gen. Scott" 
(1852.) In 1855 he obtained the rank 
of commander, and was made secre- 
tary of the light-house board, but re- 
signed this position and went to New 
Orleans, where the Southern Confeder- 
acy was organized. Taking command 
of the side-wheel steamer Sumter, he 
dashed through the blockading squad- 
ron at the mouth of the Mississippi, 
June 30', 18G1, and within one month 
destroyed eleven American merchant 
vessels. In her subsequtnt cruise, after 
taking in coal at Trinidad, tne Sum- 
ter destroyed six American vessels. 
She arrived at Gibraltar January 18th, 
1862, where, being hotly pressed by 
United States warships, she was nomi- 
nally sold and carried to Liverpool, 
where she was repaired and used as 
a Confederate transport. Semmes, a 
few months later, became commander 
of the famous Alabama, which origi- 
nally was simply called "290." On 'her 
deck he performed exploits fully ri- 
valling those of Paul Jones, but time 
fails me for enumerating them, and 
besides, they are too well known. 

Before the war closed Semmes re- 
turned to Mobile, and on its capture, 
he was imprisoned for some months, 
but was released without trial. He 
was afterwards an editor at Memphis, 
then a professor in New Orleans and a 
lawyer in Mobile. He seemed to have 
imbibed something of the unstable 
nature of the waves on which he had 
spent so large a part of his life. He 
died near Mobile August 30, 1877. 

In 1864 a small volume appeared in 
London and New York entitled, "The 
Cruises of the Sumter and Alabama, 
from private journals and other papers 
of Commander R. Semmes, C. S. A., 
and other officers." 

But Semmes' own individual work 
on this subject appeared in 1869, under 
the title of "Memoirs of Service 
Afloat During the War Between the 
States, by Admiral R. Semmes, of the 
Late Confederate Navy." 

This was published in Baltimore, in 
a royal octave volume of nearly 800 
pages. Though its tone was, of 
course, partisan, yet as a Northern 
critic said, "Whenever Semmes gets 
on the blue water he is easy, natural 
and graphic, and his narrative is kept 
up iwith spirit and interest to the 
close. Were he to put forth his best 
abilities, we have little doubt he could 
produce sea Action that would not dis- 
credit Cooper or Marryatt." 

In connection with Semmes and his 
memoirs of the Confederate navy, we 
may mention the following other 
works which have been written on 
that subject: 

Sinclaire's "History of the Alaba- 
ma," Schaff's "History of the Confeder- 
ate States Navy," Capt. Wilkinson's 
"Blockade Running." 




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808 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[September, 



THE VR6INIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 

(State Agricultural and Mechanical 
College, at Blacksburg, Virginia. A 
Southern Institute of Technology.) 
Fifty-six instructors, thoroughly 
equipped shops, laboratories and in- 
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In dormitories. Library of 10,000 vol- 
umes. Farm of eleven hundred acres. 
Degree courses in Agriculture, Horti- 
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Electrical Engineering, Metallurgy and 
Metallography and Preparatory Veter- 
inary Medicine. School of Agrlcaltarul 
Apprentices. 

Total cost of session of nine months, 
Including tuition and other fees, board 
washing, uniform, medical attendance, 
etc., $276.60. Cost of State students, 
?:i26.60. 

The next session opens Wednesday, 
September 23, 1908. For catalogue and 
other information, apply to 
PAUL. B. BARRINGKR, 91. D. I^L.D., 
President. 



DCJ/II^L ACADEMY 



F tty m lei froia Wash ngion 
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OF V irginia 



I Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy 

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PIANOS AND OROA'^.S 



After forty years in tlie Piano and 
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Do you want a bargain? Address: 



P. W. WALTER, 



Staunton, Vn. 



Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers 



ABSORBINE. 
Mr. Prank Bouge, Bement, Ills., 
writes under date of May 22, 1908: 
"What I have used of Absorbine 1 
have found a great help. I had a 
horse that got kicked in the hock 
joint and a knot came; used several 
blisters but none of them did any 
good. I got a can of your Absorbiut:; 
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Young, P. D. F., 10 9 Monmouth St., 
Springfield, Mass. 



CONDITION OF APPLE CROP AND 
FORECAST OF PRICL,.. 
Crozet, Albemarle Co., Va., 
August 20, 1908. 
Careful investigation from the 
most reliable sources indicate a large 
crop of apples generally in New York 
State, full crop in the New England 
States and Canada. There is a very 
short crop in the Middle West. But 
the Pacific Coast is an extra heavy 
one. Europe reports a large crop. 
Under existing prospects the outlook 
is unpromising for export markets. 
The northern markets will also be 
well supplied. The most promising 
markets for Virginia apples should 
be in the middle west and south ot 
us, especially the latter. We are 
having inquiries from both these 
sections, none from north or Europe 
so far. Our crop promises to be 
above an average in quality, with 60 
per cent, or more in northern Pied- 
mont, much less southward, average 
for Va. possibly 35 per cent, to 
40 per cent. There will be no prices 
such as last year's obtainable. Rea 
apples should be worth $2.00 to 
12.50 at picking time, F. O. B. Undei 
present conditions I don't believe 
good apples can be raised and sold 
for less than $2.00 The demand for 
Pippins, which are universally short 
in Virginia, will be regulated by 
European and northern demand, and 
should range in my oninion probably 
50 cents higher than Red apples. 

WALTER WHATELY, 
Secretary-Treasurer. 



Franklin Co., N. C, Feb. 22, 1908. 
If I could tak? only one paper it 
would be the SocLlierD Planter. 

J AS. C. PACE. 



■U^e have jnst gotten in a Cargo 
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CRIMSON CLOVER 

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I 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



809 



Northern VirginiaFarms 



Here Are a Fevr Barealna 

No. 132. Contains 60 acres of smooth 
gently rolling, fertile land divided into 
four fields; pure running stream run- 
ning through the farm. The land la 
all in a good state of cultivation, choc- 
olate clay with stiff suDsoll. The house 
la a comfortable 6 room dwelling, ex- 
cellent well at the porch; stable, corn 
house, granary, all In good condltloK. 
Farm is situated in Loudoun County 
on a good level road, 2^ miles from 
the station. Price |2,000. 

No. 190. Consists of ZlO acres, 181 
acres cleared, 24 acres in timber; all 
Cood chocolate clay soil; fine for grass 
and grain of all kinds; situated in 
Loudoun County, 24 miles from Wash- 
ington, three-quarters mile from mac- 
adam road leading Into the city. Land 
la a little rolling, but would be con- 
sidered level; fenced Into ten fields; 
water In all the fields and the whole 
place Is under good fence; six miles to 
railroad station, close to village with 
post-office, stores, shops, church, school 
and mill. Orchard consists of about 
100 trees of different ages and kinds 
of fruit. The dwelling is an 8-room, 
new frame house with a good tenant 
house; barn 16x24; stall for 6 horsea, 
good granary, corn house, machine 
house and other small outhouses. Price 
$5,000. 

No. 191. Consists of 475 acres, 800 
acres cleared, the balance in wood 
land, part of it in original growth oak 
and hickory. This land is all a heavy 
grass and grain soil, rolling enough 
to drain well; chocolate clay soil, fine 
for wheat and corn and permanent 
grazing. It has two small never-fall- 
ing streams through it; fairly well 
fenced. The buildings are a little out 
of repair, but comfortable enough to 
live In. The farm has one 5-rooni 
hous« and one 6-room house, frame 
filled In with English brick; stable for 
six horses, and other small outbuild- 
ings. This is a property where. If a 
man Is willing to dwell In a modest 
house, he can purchase at a bargain, 
make a most elegant and profitable 
estate; in an excellent section of Fair- 
fax County, 20 miles from Washington, 
six miles from Herndon station. The 
land is In good condition and Is mak- 
ing fine crops. The owner Is old and 
wants to sell, and If It interests you, 
and you are ready to buy, do no delay. 
It can be bought on very easy terms. 
Price, $8,000. 

Farm No. 76. Contains 243 acres, 25 
acres in good timber, balance Is cleared 
and well fenced with wood and wire 
fences. This farm Is one of the finest 
, little farms In Loudoun County. E3very 
field has been limed, and the land Is 
in a high state of cultivation. It Is 
natural bluegrass and clover land. 
Two-thirds of the land Is now well set 
In clover and will yield enormous crops 
next year. The farm is situated on an 
elevated point, on rolling ground, with 
a fine view of the mountains on one 
side, and the other side Is a beautiful 
stretch of cultivated lands. This farm 
is all smooth, free from stones and 
stumps, rolling enough to drain well, 
hut would be considered comparatively 
level. The hous« Is an 8-room house, 
perhaps 50 year old, but well pre- 
served. Fine water. There are all the 
necessary outbuildings. In good con- 
dition. Horse barn with stalls for 10 
horsea and cattle barn with stalls for 
25 head. Excellent orchard of all kinds 
of fruit. This farm Is one mile from 
railroad station. Price, $37.50 per acre. 

Send for my new List. 

MHU. BADS MILLBR, HBRNDON, VA. 



LOW PRICED ROOFS. 

Some ready roofings have so little 
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they require painting every year, al- 
though there are better grades which 
can be left as long as three years with- 
out this protection. 

The cheapest way out of the diffi- 
culty is to buy a foofing which needs 
no painting whatever. Such a roofing 
is Amatite, which our readers will 
find frequently advertised in these 
columns. 

The mineral surface of this materi- 
al scorns the pi'otection of paint and 
faces the weather boldly. Rain, snow 
and wind have no effect whatever up- 
on it, and it will give good service 
year after year in the most extreme ex- 
posures without any care or attention. 

A sample of Amatite can be obtain- 
ed by requesting same on a postal 
card addressed to the nearest office of 
the Barrett Manufacturing Company, 
New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Bos- 
ton, St. Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati, Kansas City, Minneapolis, 
New Orleans. 



HOW THE FARMERS CAN SAVE 
MONEY. 

Every farmer is interested in this 
subject. And it is right he should 
be. But, as in all walks of life, a 
good many of them lack initiative — 
are satisfied to follow in the foot- 
steps of their predecessors. Those 
who are up-to-date, who are always 
on the lookout for opportunities to 
increase their profits, have realized 
for some time now that the old 
wooden-wheeled farm wagon is a 
thing of the past, and that the low- 
down steel-wheel wagon is the only 
kind that will save money and horse 
flesh. 

So that every farmer who reads 
this paper Will readily understand 
how much labor and money can be 
saved by the use of low-down wagons 
with wide steel tires, and how little 
these improvements cost, The Empire 
Mfg. Company, Box 140, A. L Quincy, 
Illinois, have issued a little book, 
giving some astonishing facts of the 
greatest value to everyone who uses 
a wagon or needs a wagon. 

This book shows conclusively that 
the Farmers' Handy Wagon, with low 
steel wheels and wide tires, is the 
best wagon built for every kind of 
heavy teaming, and that it will last 
a lifetime without repairs. 

For the benefit of farmers whose 
wagons are in good, serviceable con- 
dition, with the exception of wooden 
wheels, this company make and sup- 
ply a line of steel wheels differing in 
height, width of tire and size of 
axle. Thus any wagon whose wheels 
are worn can be made better than 
new at very little cost. 

The Empire Mfg. Company will 
gladly send you one of their books. 
Write to-day. It will be worth your 
while. 



Fine Stock Farms 

277 acres, in a good state of culti- 
vation, just rolling enough; in a good 
neighborhood, 4 miles from railroad, 
in Loudoun county; 77 acres in tim- 
ber; mostly oak, some of it first class; 
faces on two roads; has been operated 
as a cattle, sheep and hog farm for 25 
years. On account of old age the 
owner is offering his farm for much 
less than its true value; well fenced. 
Two houses in first-class condition — 
one 10-room house, the other 6-room. 
Price, $8,000; one-third down, balance 
to suit. 

142 acres, 3 miles from station, 
stream through place; nice 8-room 
house; fine shade; good barn and out- 
buildings; 8 miles from electric line. 
A fine poultry place. Only $4,500. 

75 acres 3 miles from rail; 2 acres 
in timber; 30 acres clover and timo- 
thy, 13 in oats, 17 in corn; a large 
stream; springs in all fields; Page 
woven wire fencing, with cedar and 
locust posts. First class house of 15 
rooms, with large bath room; fruit and 
shade trees; orchard of 4 acres. Good 
barn, 28 by 50 — box stalls; cow barn 
adjoining; all necessary outbuildings; 
running water at barn. Water piped 
to house from spring 85 feet away. A 
fine place. Make us an offer on this 
place. 

93 acres 1 1-2 mile from station and 
town; 18 acres in oak timber — rest 
mostly in grass; heavy clay soil, in a 
good state of cultivation; 9 room house 
in good condition, with cellar; well 
at door; pretty lawn, plenty of shade. 
First class barn, with basement for 
25 head of cattle; all kinds of fruit; 
nice outbuildings. This is an ideal 
home, and an excellent investment. 
Price $8,000; $2,000 down, balance to 
suit. 

200 acres near Herndon, railroad and 
thriving town, on macadam road, 27 
miles from W'aahington; 130 acres un- 
der cultivation, balance in valuable 
timber, well fenced; attractive, modern 
9-room house in splendid condition; 
fine lawn, plenty of shade; beautiful 
view; tenant house; large barn, and 
all necessary outbuildings; property is 
being bought up rapidly in this sec- 
tion. Price, $15,000; $3,500 down, bal- 
ance on easy terms. 

335 acres 7 miles from rail; 800 
acres cleared; 200 acres In good blue 
grass; good clay soil; well watered 
by creeks and springs; nice orchard; 
brick and frame house of 14 rooms — 
plenty of shade; barn with basement 
and all other necessary farm build- 
ings; in a good section of Loudoun, 
surrounded by a wealthy class of land 
owners. Has been held at $12,000, but 
can now be had for $9,000, to settle 
up an estate. One of the best bar- 
gains in the county. 

254 acres, 3 miles from rail; 54 acres 
In timber; an excellent sheep and hog 
farm; 7 room house; barn and out- 
buildings In good condition; very finely 
watered by running streams; blue 
grass. Price $6,300. One third down — 
balance to suit. 

264 acres, 4 miles from station; SO 
acres In timber; blue grass; artesian 
wells; 3 never falling springs; 7 room 
house, barn and outbuildings fair; a 
fine stock farm; paying 12 per cent. 
on Investment; In a high state of cul- 
tivation. Price $6,500. 

233 acre farm, one and a half miles 
from good town and railroad station. 
Not far from Herndon. The buildings 
are good. It will make a fine stock 
farm with a little spent on it. It is on a 
public road, and lies well, in a good 
neighborhood. The owner has Just 
authorized us to sell this farm for 
$5,575 In order to make a quick sale, 
as she has been compelled to go West, 
and can not manage it. Terms to suit 
purchaser. There is a mortgage of 
$1,000 at 6 per cent, on the farm, 
which runs to Nov. 1, 1908. 

P. B. BUBLL A SON. 
Herndon, Fairfax Co., Va. 



810 



THE SOUTHEEE" PLANTEE 



BARGAIN. 

A HANDSOME AND PRODUCTIVE 
ESTATE OF 843 ACRES. 



Two and half miles from county seat 
four miles from one railroad and five 
miles from another. This property is 
in delightful neighborhood and would 
make an elegant all the year home. 

The soil is red and chocolate loam, 
making fine grass land, and grows ex- 
cellent crops of tobacco and grain. Of 
the 843 acres about one-half is in tim- 
ber, much of which is original growth, 
and the balance in a fine state of 
cultivation or grass and pasture, wat- 
ered throughout by springs and 
branches. There is about 12 miles of 
wire fencing with cedar posts, more 
than half of which is woven wire, for- 
ty-nine inches high. 

The dwelling is a splendid brick 
building with thick walls, large rooms 
with high ceilings, and porches front 
and back. It is prettily situated in 
a yard of about two acres surrounded 
by large forest trees. In addition to 
the dwelling there are brick servants' 
quarters; also brick tenant house, 
chicken houses with wired yard and 
three barns. 

This property would make an ideal 
place for raising cattle, hogs and 
sheep, on account of the short winters 
and mild climate, and proximity to 
market. 

There are excellent schools, churches 
and stores at the Court House, two 
and half miles away. PRICE $15,- 
000.00, which is considerably less than 
Its value. . .J 

P. B. BUELL & SON 
ITerndon, Fairfax Co., Va. 



VIRGINIA FARMS 

229 A. — 1% mile from R. R. Sta. 
$3,500. Running water, county 
road front and other attractions. 
140 A. — large orchard, barns, dwell- 
ing, Jarm fenced into fields and 
other improvements. Land in high 
state of cultivation — Price $4,000. 
82 A.-^near electric line, necessary 
buildings, running water, fine 
truck and poultry farm — $2,500. 
488 A. — Valuable river farm — 2 ml. 
from R. R. station. — $7,320. 
Write for complete list. 

• FRANK H. COX, 
Resident Agent. Asbland, Va 



Virginia Farms 

Haadaome CoHBtiT Homeii aad 1iU0k- 

Grade Para liaada a Specialty. 

J. E. WUITB, <«THB LAUD MAjr," 

CharlottCHTlUe, Va. 

Mill for Sale. 

Up to data, 88-barrel- wat«r-power, 
roIl«r mill and aaw mill, in grood rraln 
section, close to schools, good brick 
dwelling:, er*rden and spring. Will bs 
■old cheap. 

Dixon Bro3., Lexington, Va. 



AMERICA'S AMAZING AGRICUL- 
TURAL ADVANCE. 
The increase in the value of farm 
property of $8,000,000,000 between 1900 
and 1907 is nearly nine times as great 
as the aggregate notional-banking cap- 
ital of the United States. It is more 
than one-half as large as the total cap- 
italization, bonds and stocks includ- 
ed,, of all the railroads in the United 
States. It is nearly three times as 
large as the aggregate savings-bank 
deposits of the whole country. Think 
for a moment of the increase, simply 
seven years' increment, in the value 
of farm property being nine times as 
great as the total national banking 
capital of the United States, three( 
times as great as all the savings bank 
deposits accumulated during all the 
past, and half as large as the entire 
capitalization of all the railroads in 
the United States, into which the sur- 
plus money of the land has been pour- 
ing for over three-quarters of a cen- 
tury. 

In all the records of American de- 
velopment nothing is more remarkable 
than the advance made during the 
last few years by the agricultural in- 
terests of this country. The story of 
what the farmers are doing and of 
what they have accomplished within 
the last few years is unmatched even 
by the marvelous growth in manufac- 
turing. In 1890 the 8,565,0'00 people 
engaged in agriculture in this country 
produced a total of $2,466,000,000, or 
an average of $287 per capita. In 1907 
the 11,991,000 engaged in agriculture 
produced a total of $7,412,000,00 i, or an 
average of $618 per capita. During 
that period the number of people en- 
gaged in agriculture increased by 40 
per cent., while the value of farm pro- 
ducts increased by 200^ per cent, and 
the value of all farm property increas- 
ed by 89 per cent. 

In the brief period between 1900 and 
1907 the value of farm property ad- 
vanced in value from $20,439,000,000 
to $28,077,000,000,a gain of nearly $8,- 
00'0,000,000, or 37 per cent., though the 
number of people engaged in agricul- 
tural pursuits increased only 15 per 
cent. 

A study of facts bearing upon agri- 
cultural conditions since 1870 shows 
that in that year the value of all agri- 
cultural products per capita to those 
engaged in farm pursuits was $326, 
while from that figure there was a 
fapid decline to $286 in 1880, and 
during the next ten years the per 
capita was practically stationary, as 
the average in 1890 was only $287. If 
reliable figures were available, they 
would show a marked decline between 
1890 and 1896, because it was during 
that period that the agricultural inter- 
ests reached their most acute stage 
of poverty. In those years farm pro- 
ducts, not only in the South, but 
throughout the country, were greatly 
depressed, selling in many cases below 
the cost of raising. Farm lands like- 



[ September, 

To Settle an Estate, 
$7,000. 

200 acre farm, of chocolate clay soil, 
land gently rolling; 20 acres in wood- 
land, balance in grass and under cul- 
tivation. Situated on Washington 
City metal road, in Loudoun county, 
24 miles from city, 5 miles from trol- 
ley, 2% miles from railway station; 
running water in every field. Bank 
barn 40x60; 10 room farm house, in 
fair condition; outbuildings; apple or- 
chard; convenient to churches, schools 
and all commercial industries one 
could desire. For further particulars 
address: 

Box 21, Sterling, Va. 



$12,600, 



400 acre farm, chocolate clay soil; 
situated in Loudoun county, 29 miles 
from Washington city, % mile from 
railway station; 60 acres of the best 
and heaviest oak timber in the State; 
balance in grass and under cultivation; 
large barn, house and outbuildings in 
fair condition; running water in every 
field. Has been used, until recent years, 
as dairy farm and is a good one. 
Heirs out of State. For further par- 
ticulars, address: 

Box 21, Sterling, Va. 



FARMS 

For Sale. 



If you want a farm to rai»tj grass, 
arrain, stock, fruit or tobacca, buy 
from us. Chocolate soil with rod 
subsoil. Address 

W. W. BARNES * CO., 

I:AirD AND TIMBER AGENTS, 

Amelia Conrtboajie, Va. 



1»« Acre 



FARM FOB SALE. 

At a bargain, 3 1-2 miles from Saxe- 
Station in Charlotte Co. Well located, 
convenient to schools, churches, mills, 
and stores, well watered by springs 
and branches, land well adapted to to- 
bacco and all crops grown in this sec- 
tion. Only one new log cabin on thfr 
land; timber enough on the place to 
do necessary building. Price $5 per acre 
time given to suit purchaser. 

W. M. -W ATKINS, Saxe, Va. 



Special Attractions In 

Loudoun County, Va., Farms. 

I will show you any farm for sale 
in the County FREE OF CHARGE. 
DeL. S. CRITTENDEN, 
Broker, Ashburn, Va. 



VIRGIN la FARns 

Farms of any sisc wltli impr«Tam«Bte 
Prices iB raaeh of all. Fraa Umt 
POKTBB A GATES, L««iam, Ta. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



81] 



Cheap-A Fine Stock Farm 

$10,500.00 

315 acres with crops, stock, and 
all necessary farm implements. 

Near Leesburg, in a good neigh- 
borhood, near schools, ^hu^ches, 
stores, etc. not far from the river 7.5 
acres in fine timber; good blue 
grass soil, in a good state of cul- 
tivation; yields 1 barrel of corn to 
shock; half of farm level, balanco 
rolling, but not hilly, with the ex- 
ception of 1 field; good fencing; 
farm divided into iive fields, with 
spring in each; wind-mill sup- 
plies water for house and barn; 
close to public road; R. F. D. 
every day. 

Large brick house in fine condi- 
tion, beautifully located on a high 
hill, with lawn and fine shade 
trees; hen-house, meat-house, etc., 
in good condition. Fine young 
orchard in bearing. 

65 acres in corn; 30 acres in 
wheat and rye; 65 acres in clover 
an dtimothy; balance in grass. 

5 horses, 4 of them fine brood 
mares; 4 young cows; 3 young 
steers; 10 hogs; 1 sow. 

All kinds of farm machinery m 
good repair. 

The owner is old. and wants to 
go to the city, and will sacrifice 
this farm, if sold within sixty 
days. 

A beautiful home and fine farm. 
Write, or come on at once. 
B. P BUEliL & SON, Hermdon, Va. 
Stock farms and country homes in 
Northern Virginia a specialty. 



MARYLAND 

AND 

VIRGINIA 

FARMS NEAR WASHINGTON. 

Unsurpassed as money-makers; best 
place on earth for farmers, dairymen 
stockmen or poultry men; mild climate, 
best markets in country; highest 
prices; no such word as "Fail" for In- 
dustrious man. Big bargains here now. 
2,500 places to select from. Catalogue 
free. 
THE SOULE CO., Washinston, D. C. 

LiargeKt Farm Dealers in the South. 

FOR RENT. 

180 ACRE FARM 

2% miles from Salisbury, North Car- 
olina. Good road, good water, health- 
ful location. Eighty acres in cultiva- 
tion, good soil, 30 acres fine meadow, 
ditched and well drained. I acre 
strawberries, 3-year-old orchard. Two 
sets of buildings. Fine location for 
dairying and trucking. Will give S 
year lease to responsible party recom- 
mended. 

a. W. BIJRRIGHT, Salisbiary, N. C. 



Old Virginia Farms, 

Climate anfl FroanetlreaeiB naex- 
called. Larsreat sale list In State. 
For full particulars and Vree Cata- 
logue address 

CASSBIiHAK * OOHPANT, 

RIOimOND, TA. 



''In the Green Reids of VirffRia.'' 

Homes fer allt healtk (er aUf kat*»taMK 
and ladcpeiiilenee for aU. All ■•■*• mi 
Farma at eorreapMkdlBB prieea, hat AU 
rcaaonable. 

UAOOM * OO^ OKAKOH, TA. 



wise steadily depreciated in value. By 
1900, however, there had come a great 
change, due to the advance between 
1897 and 1900, and in the latter year 
the value of farm products per capita 
was $451, a gain of $164 per capita, or 
about 57 per cent., compared with 
1890. Since 1900 this gain has contin- 
ued uninterruptedly, rising in 1905 to 
$558 per capita, in 1906 to $579 and 
in 1907 to $618. Secretary of Agricul- 
ture Wilson estimates the total value 
of this year's farm products at $8,000,- 
00^0,000, or a gain of about $600,000,- 
000 over 1907. Accepting Mr. Wilson's 
figures as correct, though we believe 
that they will prove to be too small, 
the per capita production will show an- 
other rapid advance this year. 

The effect of this really amazing 
change in agricultural conditions finds 
an illustration in the advance in the 
average value of farm property to the 
number of people engaged in agricul- 
ture. In 1880 the average per capita 
was $1579. By 1900 this had increased 
to $1958, or in twenty years an ad 
vance of $379 per capita to those en- 
gaged in agricultural pursuits. Be- 
tween 1900 and 1907 this increase 
continued at such a rapid rate as to 
bring the average up to $2341 in 1907, 
or a gain in seven years of $383 per 
capita, which was a larger increase 
for that period than the gain in the 20 
years from 1880 to 1900. The actual 
gain in the value of farm property 
since 1880 has been equal to an aver- 
age of $762 for every man, woman and 
child engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
These figures is a gain, an increment 
added to the wealth of our farmers, 
so amazing in its magnitude as to be 
difficult of comprehension. No wonder 
the mass of farmers South and West 
are largely out of debt; no wonder 
much of the idle capital in the coun- 
try banks in all sections is the surplus 
money of farmers. This remarkable 
advance in the average value of pro- 
duction per capita and the increase in 
farm values has a number of reasons 
for its existence. 

In 1890 to 1906 the increasing pov- 
erty of the farmers of all sections, due 
to low prices, was the subject of al- 
most universal discussion. Consum- 
ers of farm products were then buy- 
ing at a lower cost than they had ever 
known before. But the producers, the 
farmers of the land, were in dire pov- 
erty. With the increase in manufac- 
turing during the last ten years, and 
with the development of railroads and 
the large increase in the number of 
their employees, making a great gain 
in the number of consumers of farm 
products, and the gradual elimination 
of the cheap lands of the West by set- 
tlement, and the flood of gold pouring 
into the world's channels of trade, we 
have had a combination of circum- 
stances which have united to bring 
about a much higher range of values. 
The consumer of farm products is no 
longer rejoicing in the low prices 
which prevailed twelve or fifteen years 



Attention 

HOMESEEKERS AKD IKYSSTORS. 

I sell and exchange Virgrlnla Real 
ICstate of all classes, such aa Grain, 
Oairy, Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry and 
Bluegrass Farms, Village Homes and 
Business Places of all classes. The 
reason I make a specialty of the twe 
suburban counties — Loudoun and Fair- 
fax — they offer the homeseekers more 
idvantages combined than any country 
'snown to me. This fine portion of 
Virginia, extending from the national 
lapltal to the top of the Blue Rldgre 
VIountalns, Is not only beautiful and 
aealthy, but Is very acceslble to Wash- 
ington and Alexandria cities by rail 
ind pike, which slv«s all oroducers a 
ane home market. 

My facilities for locating you In this 
-,ection of Virginia are second to none. 
"itate what kind of property would in- 
terest you. I have a large number and 
great variety of properties, and can 
fsry likely suit you. New catalogrue 
tnd nrjap mailed free on r«que8t. 

W. H. TAYLQR, Hemdon, Va, 

LUMBER-MAN 

FARMER. COAL-MAN 
^. ATTLNTIONI 

My new 1908 land book is ready. It 
contains some 150 descriptions of 

TIMBER TRACTS, 
FariiLs, Town I*ropertic» and Lots, Iron 
and C<«il Ijstuiils. 

I also have a nice Cement property, 
and some splendid Hotels to offer. 

Write at once for it. It is free for 
the asking. 

J. VV. GUINN, General Manager, 
Goslien, Va. 

100 ACRES ONLY $1,200. 

300 Ijaskets of peaches were gathered 
last season: the soil is adapted to grow- 
ing all kinds of fruit; 70 acres cleared, 
balance in wood and timber; 1 mile 
to village, % mile to school, mail de- 
livered; cottage house, stable and out- 
buildings; only $1,200 — $600 will be 
left on easy terms; for full details of 
this and other Delaware bargains 
write for List No. 21, a large illus- 
trator! catalogue just issued. E. A. 
Strout Company, Land Title Bldg. 
Philadelphia. 

Virginia Farms 

nOST SELECT LIST, and in aU ne> 

^oiui of the Btate. ^ 

PRBB CATALOaUB. 

R. B. CHAFFIN & CO., Inc. 

Richmond, ¥■„ 

RBAIi BSTATB FOR SALB. 

From the Mountains to the Ocean. 
Catalogue free. Loans made on farms. 
Established 1875. 

GEO. E. CRAl^TORD & CO., 
1009 E. Main Street., 

RICHMOND, VA. 
Branch, Norfolk, Va. 



130 ACRE. FARM 



For Sale 8 miles from Richmond, 1 
mile from depot on steam and electric 
railroad. Good dairy and truck farm, 
about 70 acres cleared, rest in timber. 
Cannery on next farm. For particulars 
address, 

R. E. BXJTLER, 
Drewry's BInff, Va. 

Please mention The Southern Planter. 



812 



THE SOUTHEEI^ PLANTER 



[September, 



BARGAINS 

Near Vyashington, 

125 acres 1 mile from station; only 

10 miles from Washington on pike; 
near electric line; 75 acres cleared; 
grood soil; well fenced; good house of 

11 rooms with modern improvements, 
cost $5,000 4 years ago; ample shade, 
iframe barn with brick basement, 24 
by 40 feet. All other necessary out- 
buildings. A very fine orchard. Cheap at 
tl5,000. 

21 acres one and a half miles from 
station; stream through place; fine 11- 
room house; plenty of shade; nice 
lawn; fine fruit; barn and outbuildings; 
only nine and a half miles from Wash- 
ington. Price 13,750. 

Stock farms in Northern Virginia a 
specialty. 

Write or telephone us what you 
want. 

P. B. BUEIili & SON, 
Herndon, Va. 












$5. 



VI RGINIA FARMS 
PER ACRE AND UP. 



Full improvements, productive soil, 
■abundant water, excellent climate — 
along the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail- 
way. Write to-day for handsome illus- 
trated booklet and homeseekers' rates. 
Free sites for new industries. Address 
G. B. WALL, Real Estate Agt., Dept. 
B., C. & O. Ry. Co., Richmond, Va. 

POULTRY FARM 

for sale. I intend to devote all my time 
to other business and offer my farm 
of 87 acres in Hanover Co., Va., for 
sale. Write me for particulars and 
price. Win give a quick buyer a bar- 
gain. 

CAL, HUSSELMAN, 

Highland Springs, Va. 

FARMS. 
Mineral and Timber Lands. 

Free list on application. 
W. A. PARSONS & CO., 
1527 East Main St., Richmond, Va. 

Davis Hotel Bldg. 



A Year's SubacrlptloB to 

THE SOUTHERN FRUIT GROWER. 

FREB. 

Every reader of The Southern 
Planter who subscribes or renews 
his subscription to The Southern 
Planter during the next sixty days 
will receive FREE for the asking a 
year's subscription to the Southern 
Fruit Grower. Contains from 32 t» 
40 pages monthly. Devoted to 
fruit growing In the South. Re- 
member that you can get two 
papers now for the price of one — 
SO cents. If you desire a sample 
copy of the Southern Fruit Grower 
write them at Chattanooga, Tenn., 
and send orders to us. 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
Richmond, Va. 



ago. The farmer is now having his 
innings, and though this condition 
worlis a hardship upon many consum- 
ers, it is a great blessing to the coun- 
try at large. It should be a matter of 
general rejoicing that thefarmers are 
on rising ground financially. 

Economic conditions practically as- 
sure a continuation of increasing val- 
ues of farm lands, and an increasing 
demand for farm products, growing 
more rapidly than the production is 
likely to grow, and thus a continued 
high range of prices for practically 
all the products of American farms. 
The consumer can no longer hope to 
ge^ his cotton goods, his bread and 
his meat at the low price of 1896. We 
have been passing through an econom- 
ic revolution, or evolution, to a higher 
range of living. This necessarily 
means a higher range of prices for 
farm products and a higher range of 
wages for mechanics. 

With the agricultural conditions of 
the country in such a fundamentally 
sound position as indicated by the 
figures which we have given, there 
cannot be any such long period of in- 
dustrial depression as we had in for- 
mer years when the farmers were the 
poorest people in the land. With the 
certainty of crop yields, which in the 
aggregate will give us the greatest 
amount of railroad tonnage and the 
greatest value to farm troducts which 
we have ever had, nature has laid the 
foundation for a great expansion of 
industry. 

Taking txie value of farm products 
as shown by the following figures, we 
have a striking illustration of the won- 
derful growth now under way: 

VALUE OP FARM PRODUCTS. 
Years. , 

1870' $1,958,000,000 

1880 2,212,000,000 

1890 2,466,000,000 

1900 4,717,000,000 

1905 6,415,000,000 

1906 6,794,000,000 

1907 7,412,000,000 

1908 8,000,000,000 

In the 20-year period between 1870 
and 1890 the gain was only $500,000,- 
OO'O; in the 30-year period between 1870 
and 1900 the gain was only $2,800,- 
000,000; whereas in the 8-year period 
from 1900 to 1908 the gain was $3,300,- 
000,0'00, or $500,000,000 more than for 
the 30 years from 1870 to 1900. Be- 
ginning with 1900 every year has 
shown a steady and rapid increase. And 
in nearly every year the gain over the 
preceding year exceeded the total gain 
of 20 years between 1870 and 1900. 

Probably nothing more forcibly il- 
lustrates this marvellous change than 
the fact that the value of the agricul- 
tural products of the South alone, 
which will this year be between $2,- 
250,000,000' and $2,500,000,000, will be 
more than the total for the United 
States in 1880 and about the same as 



lienddir^ 



A Thankful Woman 

Helenwood, Tenn., 

Jan. 4. 1908. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., 
Enosburg Falls, Vt., 
Gentlemen : — I have found 
your Kendall's Spavin Cure 
the best medicine in the world 
for Spreuns, Enlargements of 
Joints and Deep SeatedSore- 
ness. I must say 1 am thank- 
ful for what your medicine 
has done for me. Yours re- 
spectfully, Mrs. A. J. Daniel. 
Horsemen everywhere know 
the power of 

The Great Horse Remedy 
It has never had an 
equal as a cure for 
Curb, Splint, 
Spavin, Ringbone, 
Sprains, Swellings 
and all forma of 
Lameness. 

N early 50 years on 
trial, never found 
■nanting. Equally 
good for man and 
beast. At druggists 
SI a bottle; 6lorSS. 
Call lor free book, 
"Treatise on the Horse," or write for It to 
Dr.B. J. KENDALL CO.. ENOSBURG FALLS, VT- 



"RARVA" WIEAT MEAL 

Poultry Food. 

85 per cent. Protein. 7 per cent. Fat. 

ECONOMIC, .PURE. APPETIZING, 

AND WHOLESOME. 

"WILL KEEP INDEFINITELY. 

Sack 100 Ibn., 9.1.00. 

AN IDEAL FOOD TO FEED WHILE 

MOULTING. 

Sample on Request. 

RICHMOND ABATTOIR, 

Dept. M. Box 267. 
RICHMCND, VA. 



,ff 



"'Feeds and Feeding 

AND 

The Southern Planter 

for only |2.2S, InclodtoK delivery of 
the book. This !■ ProfAsaor Henrr'a 
irroat work en Feeds and Feedlog 
Stock and la the recornlzod standard 
•Torywbore. ESTery one with halt 
dosea head of atock ahoiUd hare IC 

Southern Planter, 

Richmond, Va. 



Farms, Orchards, Timber, 

Cotton Lands in Virginia and the Soatk. 

ALBEMARLE IMMIGRATION SO- 

clety. Charlottesville. Va. 



Always mention The Southeri 
Planter when writing advertiser* 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



813 






OUVAL & NORTON'S 



Celebrate*! 



1 



HoK^eTooJ^ 




AT 

DRUG^ 

STORES 



AT 

DRUG 

STORES 



For improving the condition of 
HORSES, MULES, CATTLE, 

POULTRY, HOGS, DOGS. 

Giving- them an Appetite and Re- 
lieving them of Bots, Worms, 
Hide-Bound, Surfeit, Distemper, 
and all Diseases to which Stock 
is Subject Internally. A Sure Cure 
Fop Chicken and Hog Cholera, 
Scratches in Dogs. 
We guarantee a cure In all di- 
seases mentioned above or money 
returned. 

Large Bot. 50c. Small Bot. 25c. 
If your merchant can't supply 
you send us 30c. for small, or 60c. 
for large size, and we will for- 
ward by mail. 

Manufactured by 

E. P. REEVE & CO., Richmond, Va. 



Lump 
Jaw 



The first remedy to 
oare Lamp Jaw was 

Fleming's Lump Jaw Cure 

and it remains today the standard treat* 
ment» with years of success back of it, 
known to be a cure and suarunteed to 

core., Don't experiment with substitutes 
OT Imitations. Use it, no matter how old or 
bad the case or what else you may have 
tried — your money back if Flemlnjc's Lump 
Jaw Onre ever fails. Our fair plan of sell' 
ing.together with eihaustive information 
on Lnmp Jaw and its treatment, is given In 
Fleming** Vest-Poeket 
Veterinary Adviser 
Most 'lomplete veterinary book ever printed 
to b& given away. Durably bound, indexed 
and iOostrated. Write ua for a free oopj* 

FL£MLNe BROS., Chemists. 

2«0 i}£iKoii Htoctc Tards, Chlcaso« His. 



Free Veterinary Book 

Inlalllble^uide. Makes every man 
bis own horse doctor. Postage 2iL 

Tuttle's Elixir 

insuressound horses. Curessplint, 

curb, spavin, etc 8100 rewaro 

for failure where cure Is posslblOb 

TUTTIE'S EUXIR CO.. 

75 Beverly Si., Boston, Mass. 

11 BcTvare of all blisters; they gi'ot 

only temporary relief, ifany* 



Tell the advertiser where you saw 
hla advertisement. 




for the entire country as late as 1890. 
In 1890 who could have dared to pre- 
dict that the value of the South's farm 
products of 1908 would equal the total 
for the United States in 1890? That 
the South, witn 213,000,000 population, 
is producing as much value in agri- 
cultural outturn as the United States 
with C2,00'0,000 people did in 1890 is 
one of the amazing facts of our histo- 
ry. In 1890 the value of all agricul- 
tural products outside of the South 
was $1,096,000,000, or at least $000,- 
000,000 less than what the South alone 
will this year produce. 

Turning to the figures which tell the 
value of farm property in the United 
States we have the following: 

Years. " ' "^ " ^ ^ Value. 

1870 $ 8,900,0'00,000 

1880 12,180,000,000 

1890 16,082,000,000 

1900' 20,439,000.000 

1905 26,570,000,000 

190G 27,313, OOO.O'OO 

1907 28,077,000,000 

TSTUMBER OF PEOp-LE ENGAGED IN 
AGRICULTURE. 

Years. 

1870' 5,992,000 

1890 7,713,000 

1890 8,565,000 

1900 10,438,000 

1905 11,500,000 

1906 11,733,000 

1907 11,991,000 

And in this connection the statistics 
which show the value of agricultural 
products per capita of the entire popu- 
lation, and the per capita of all en- 
gaged in agriculture and the value of 
farm property to the number of people 
engaged in agriculture, will be of in- 
terest: 

VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRO- 
DUCTS, 

Per capita of entire population. 
Years. 

1870 $50.00 

1880 44.00 

1890 39.00 

1900 61.00 

1905 77.00 

19013 SO.0'0 

1907 85.00 

VALUD OF AGRICULTURAL PRO- 
DUCTS, 

"Per capita of all engaged in agricul- 
ture: 
Years. 

1870 $326.00 

1880 286.00 

1890 287.00 

1900 451.00 

1905 558.00 

1906 579.00 

1907 618.00 



You Can't Talk 

it too strong. What? 
== Gombault's ^= 

Caustic Balsam 

As a Liniment 

For the Human Body 

Springfield. 0., Sept. 19, 1904. 

Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 0.— Lewis Evelsiz- 
er, Urbana, R. P. D., a fariner,had a bad cancer on back 
of his hand. When I first saw it he was on his way to' 
havo his hand amputnted. I persuaded him to first try 
GOMBAULT'S CAUSTIC BALSAM, which he did, and on 
second application coiild rest well at night — the first 
forweeks. In less than three months he was at work 
onthefarm. He will certify to this statement over his 
signature. Then Mr. Jenkins, storekeeper and post- 
:iiasteratSeth, 0., had a bad cancer on his cheek-bone. 
I saw him at a grange meeting and told him to use 
CAUSTIC BALSAM twice a day, rubbing it in for five or 
ten minutes. In three months it was healed over and 
is DOW all sound. These two are all that I have the 
addresaof just now. I have had CAUSTIC BALSAM 
used on old shin sores. One man had walked with 
crutches for more than a year, and several pieces of 
bone had come out. I persuaded him to try CAUSTIC 
BALSAM, and today you would not know he was ever 
lame. Then, it is a sure cure for piles, using it with 
sweet oiL I could tell of dozens of cases where I have 
induced diflerent onee to use CAUSTIC BALSAM. I have 
been the means otmore than fifty bottles being bought, 
because I know just what it will do. You ean'l lalk 
il up strong onough. I wish you success. 

R. L. HOLMAN, 

In charge Co-operative Work oi; Ohio State Grang*. 

Price 81. 60 p«r bottle. Sold by druggists, or s»nt 
by us express prepaid. Write for Booklet H. 

I The LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0. 



' TRADE \ 
, MARK/ 



r«IO CURE 

0AU5 



Use the old, reliable, standard remedy 
••Bickmore's Gall Cure" and beware of 
imitations. Every genuine package bears 
the above trademarK of theworking horse, 
and it you are not satisfied after using it 
according to directions, dealers are author- 
ized to refund your money. 

Bickmore's Gall Cure 

cures open sores, cuts and abrasions of 
every description promptly and speedily. 
Does not interfere with working the animal. 
Try it. Sample with full directions and Bick- 
more's New Horse Book mailed for 10c. 

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO. Boi935. OLDTOWK. Maine 



AN INFLAMED TENDON 

NEEDS COOLING-. 



J^SOKBIip 



Will do it and restore the circulation, 
assist n.ituro to repair strained, rup- 
tured ligaments more saccessfuUy than 
Firing. No blister, no Iiair gfone, and 
you c.Tn use tlio horse. $2.00 per bottle, 
delivered. Book 2-0 Free. 

ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind, 51.00 
bottle. Cures Strained Torn Ligaments, 
Varicose Veins, V.nricocele, Hydrocele, en- 
larged Glands and Ulcers. Allays pain quickly 
W. F. VOUNG, P.D.F., 109 Monmouth Si., Springfield, Mass. 








•<S''^ 



tamper «nd Indifr^sUon <\ir«. 
A veterluarj Kt^uiPdy for iriD<l, 
*broiit and stomach troDbles. 
Sirontjrecommends. $100 per 
can.cfdeaiers.orexp. prepaid. 
The Newton Remedy Co, 
Toledo, Ohia 



Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 



814 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[September, 



N* 



RY. 



White Plymouth Rocks 

Best stock FISCHEL strain 
Eggs $i.oo per setting; 
No birds ior sale. 

A few HUMPSHIRE PIGS fiso 

The black hog with white 
belt. Prices reasonable, 
S. M. GEYER, Manager, 
Norfo k & Western Ry. Farm, Ivor, Va. 




"RINGLET" 

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS 

EXCLUSIVELY. 

E. B. Thompson's celebrated strain. 
My birds won at Richmond Show, 1908, 
1st and 3rd Cock; 1st and 3rd hen; 
1st Prize Pen and Association's Special 
for Best Display in Barred Rocks. They 
can not be excelled in egg production, 
size, vigor and beauty. Beautiful lot 
of young stock growing. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. LESLIE H. McCUE, Box 
4, Afton. Va. 

500 PULLETS. 

for sale; Barred, White and Buffi Rocks 
from 6 pens of A. C. Hawkins Royal 
Strain; some nice cockerels also at rea- 
sonable prices. 

Fine S. C. White Leghorn pullets and 
cockGrcls. 

"Write your wants; we answer cheer- 
fully. 

Sysonby Gardens Poultry Farm, Inc. 

Sam. McEwen, Mgr. 

Petersburg, Va. 

VALLEY FARM 

BaHRED p. ROCKS 

S. C, B. LEGHaHIVS 

The finest lot of young 
chicks I ever raised, fast 
coming to maturity, 
nicely marked. Corres- 
pondence cheerfully an- 
swered. Circulars free. 
CHARLES C. W'llVK, 
Mt. Sidney, Va. 

SPRING BROOK POULTRY FARM. 
Culpeper, Va., H.' H. Scott, Prop 

Breeder of Northrup strain Black 
Minorcas, Whitman strain of Brown 
Leghorns, and the best Silver-Laced 
Wyandottes. Have been breeding Black 
Minorcas seven years, always with the 
best type in view. Stock and Eggs in 
season at very moderate prices, con- 
sidering the quality. Write me for 
prices and full particulars. 

MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER, 
Blaekstone, Va. 

Headquarters for Pure-Bred 

R. C. Rhode Island Reds 

Eggs for Hatching. Stock. 
Member R. 1. Red Club. 




VALUE OF FARM PROPERTY 

To number of people engaged in agri- 
culture: 

Years. 

1870 $1,485 

18S0 1,579 

1890 1,878 

1900 1,958 

1905 2,310 

1900 2,315 

1907 2.341 

Much, however, as the farmers of 
this country have accomplished in the 
liiarvelous advance shown by these 
figures, they are only at the beginning 
of their progress. Within the last five 
or ten years there has been a rapid 
growth in scientific farming. Under 
these conditions there is an increasing 
average yield per acre. We are pre- 
paring for an increased yield much 
greater than the increase in acreage. 
At the same time millions of hitherto 
waste lands are being made available 
for the most profitable of agricultural 
pursuits. Irrigation in the semi-arid 
regions of the West is turning a desert 
into fruitful orchards and vineyards, 
yielding immensely profitable crops. 
What irrigation is doing for dry land 
reclamation is beginning to do on a 
still more profitable scale for wet land. 
The country has learned that it is a 
simpler proposition to take the sur- 
plus water off overflowed lands than 
it is to bring a supply of water to the 
dry land of the West. Thousands of 
acres reclaimed within the last few 
years, yielding to-day great profits 
where nothing was produced a few 
years ago, have shown the almost il- 
limitable possibilities in saving to 
man's uses the millions of acres of re- 
claimable wet lands which have here- 
tofore been without value. It is es- 
timated that the aggregate wet or 
overflowed lands which can be reclaim- 
ed and the dry land which can be ir- 
rigated is greater in extent and will 
be greater in value per acre when re- 
claimed than the acreage now devoted 
to wheat and cotton. This is, indeed, 
a veritable empire of boundless poten- 
tialities which Vi'ill add immeasurably 
to the wealth of the South, where re- 
clamation progress is already under 
way. Considering the progress in sci- 
entiflc agriculture, the steady increase 
in the yield per acre now going on, 
the vast expansion in trucking and 
fruit-growing for the needs of an ever- 
expanding population, the great possi- 
bilities in irrigation and reclamation 
work, we can readily see that the 
agricultural interests of the country 
are only at the beginning of their real 
broad development, and that the future 
holds in store a prosperity much great- 
er even than the magnificent advance 
since 1900 has brought them. These 
facts furnish a foundation for un- 
bound optimism as to the magnitude 
of ou material progress in the future. 
— Manufacturers' Record. 




Poplar Hill Poultry Farm 

S. L. M^Y'ANDOTTES 

A choice lot of young- 
sters now ready for 
shipment. Cockerels, 

$1.25 to ?1.50 each. Pul- 
lets, $1. and ?1.25. 

Mine are not only 
high scoring birds, but 
egg producers. Satis- 
faction to every cus- 
tomer. 

DR. H. H. LEE. 
R. P. D. No. 4 

Lexington, Va 

BUFF ORPSI^iGTOIMS 

60 S. C. Buff Orpington yearling 
hens, 1908 breeders (all good) fl.60 
each. 

5 S. C. Buff Orpington Cocks $2 to 
$5. One of these is a show bird. All 
good. 

A lot of 1908 hatch Buff Pullets and 
Cockerels at $1.00 each. 

A few choice White Orpington cock- 
erels at $1.00 each. 1908 hatched. 
FAY CRUDUP, Route 2, ClarksTille, Va. 

Glenview Orpmgions* 

S. C, BUFFS EXCLUSIVELY. 

My breeding pens this year include 
ill my Rlchmend winner*. Bgga will 
^e shipped from nothing but the beat. 
32.66 per sitting of 16. 

B. S. HORNB, KESWICK, VA. 

TAYLOR'S 

WHITEWYANDOTTES 

"White Holland Turkeys and White 
Muscovy Ducks. 

Win T»-here shoTvn. Pullets now for 
sale at $1 each. 

R. RANDOLPH TAYLOR, Hickory Bot- 
tom Farm, Nejrrofoot. Va. R. P. D. 
2., Beaver Dam, Va. 

WHITE WYANDOTTES. 

Cockerels and pullets bred from my 
best trap nested layers. Jlarch hatched, 
well-grown birds — none better for new 
blood. A few cocks and hens, $2 each. 

R O. BERGER, 
(City Address) IG N. 20th St., Rioli- 
mond, Va. 

Bargains in 

Black Langshans 

All of this season's breeding stock 
of the noted egg-laying strain. Black's 
Black Langshans. are now for sale at 
bargain prices. Also some choice young 
birds. 
A. M. BLACK, - - - Tazewell, Va. 

WHile PlymoutK Rochsl! ! 

At Hemdon Skow — "Clean Sweep." 

Have mated first Cockerel with first 
Hen, first pen and second Pullet from 
this show. Can spare few eggs from 
this pen — $2 for 16 — guaranteeing fer- 
tility. My stock Is excellent. 

C. H. 'WALKER, HBRNDON, VA. 

Secretary of Herndon Poultry Am»0- 
ciatlon. 

PIT BULL PUPPIES. 

7 Bull Dog Puppies, 6 males and 1 
female. Pedigree with each. $10 to $18 
each. Fine stock. Large. Parents 
weigh 60 and 70 pounds each. 
FAY' CRUDUP, Route 2, Clarksville, Va. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



I 



I 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE 



815 



PERCH ERON STALLIONS 

=AND= 

SHORT HORN BULLS. 

will be sold at bargain prices for 
the next sixty days to make 
room for the young ones raised 
this year; shortage of barn ac- 
commodation demands the sacrific- 
ing of some excellent stock in the 
lines mentioned. A bargain in a 
ton Imported Stallion that is a fine 
sire and a sure foal getter; was 
sold 12 yrs. ago for $3,000 and has 
proven a "money-maker". Come to 
the farm and see eight Stallions 
from 2 1-2 years old to aged Stal- 
lions, all good ones, and some as 
good as they grow. Besides saddle 
horses (registered) of both sexes, 
and Percheron Stud colts from 
weanlings to yearlings past. 

JOHN F. LEWIS, 

Lynmvood Stock Farm. ]V. &. W. Ry. 
Lyiinvvood, Va 

R. R. Station "Lewis." 



fmE StS&RSES. 



FOR SALE CHEAP. 

One sorrel gelding, coming 4 years 
old, compactly built, easy to keep, well 
broken to work anywhere, very gentle, 
drives and rides well — a splendid fam- 
ily horse; price $150. 

One chestnut mare, 9 years old, 
weighs 1200 lbs., blocky and easy to 
keep, a first-class brood mare, in foal 
to a fine Hackney stallion, well broken 
to f^\ farm implements and drives 
well in harness. Price, $150. 

One dark bay mare, 9 years old, 
weighs 1,100 lbs., closely built, easy to 
keep; No. 1 farm and brood mare, has 
fine colt at foot by Hackney stallion 
and has been bred again to same horse, 
will work well everywhere and rides 
well also; price, mare and colt, $165. 

These horses will be sold under full 
guarantee in every respect. 

W. M. WATKINS, Saxe, Va. 

FOR SALE OR TRADE 

One thoroughbred Stallion 8 years old 
and sound; 1 14 1-2 hand pony, 4 years 
old, plentjr of action — would do for a 
polo pony; 1 Shetland stallion 41 in. 
high, gentle everywhere, a perfect 
children's pet. 2 Shetland foals, colt 
and filly. 

I want a small bunch of good South- 
down sheep and a gaited saddle horse, 
colt or filly. 

PERCIVAL HICKS, 
North RIathews Co., Va. 

FOR HtORCahl COLTS 



and Fillies and Hlgh-Bred Fox Hound 
Puppies. Address, 

Dr. JOHN D, MASSENGIIiL, 
BloantvUle, Tenn. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



HINTS BY MAY MANTON. 
Such a pretty little dressing jacket 
as this one cannot fail to find its wel- 
come. It is dainty and attractive, it 
is absolutely simple and it is peculiar- 
ly well adapted to the incoming sea- 
son. In the illustration it is made of 
white batiste trimmed v/ith embroid- 
ery, but it v/ould be charming if the 
material chosen were flowered lawn, 
cross-barred dimity, or anythi: ,^ simi- 
lar, and if something a little hand- 
somer is wanted, Japanese silks will 
be found desirable. Also the real Ja- 
panese cotton crepes make up most at- 
tractively and are durable in the ex- 
treme. For the trimming any band- 
ing that suits the material is appro- 
priate. 




6003 Dressing Jacket, 32 to 43 bust. 

The jacket is made with the fronts, 
the back and the centre-front. The 
sleeves are cut in one with the front 
and back portions, and are joined over 
the shoulders. The centre-front is 
tucked and the back is laid in a long 
plait at the centre. The closing is 
made invisibly at the left of the front. 

The quantity of material required 
for the medium size is 3 3-4 yards 21 
or 24, 2 1-4 yards 32, or 1 1-2 yards 
44 inches wide with 7 1-2 yards of 
banding, 3 1-8 yards of edging. 

The Pattern 6003 is cut in sizes for 
a 32, 34, 3t5, 38, 40 and 42 inch bust 
measure, and will be mailed to any ad- 
dress by the Fashion Department of 
this paper on receipt of ten cents. 

BOYS' RUSSIAN BLOUSE 6058. 

No garment that the small boy wears 
suits him more perfectly than this one 
made in Russian style. It is absolute- 



White Poultry Yards. 

J F. Dunstan, Prop. Lorraine, Va, 

•Lxrl^lf ^^S "°^ booking orders for 
IZYi^ Wyandottes, W. H. Turkeys, 
AVh.te Guineas, A\Tiite China Geese, 
Mammoth Pekln and Wild Mallard 
Ducks. All bred from our prize-win- 



Migh-Class 

PEKl NS 

March and April hatched (early egg 
producers) and yearlings for sale. 
S. C. White Leghorn Cockerels, 

March hatched, from eggs from 
Fogg's Yards, Kentucky. 
WM, BUGBEE, Palmyra, Va. 



REBUGTiON SALE 

OF 

BERKBHiRE PSGS 

One extra fine 16 months old regis- 
tered boar. I will sell you a bargain 
m March and April pigs not only ped- 
igree, but quality and individuality 
combined. If interested, write me 
nave pleased others, can please you 
E. F. S03IMERS, Somerset, Va. 



?.^.^®*^^'"* pure-bred stock ChMt^i. 
WTiIte, Poland-China and Berkthw 
Jpj Jersey Bull* and Heifers, Lta! 
coiB, Hampshire and Shropshire Bowa 
»tieep| Scotch Collie Doss. Varietv ot 
poultry. Send 2-cent nt^m^ Tol^^t^'. 

anWARD WALTEK, West Chester. Pa . 

HOCK SPKSNQ FARM 

OiKers *or Sale 

REGISTERED GUERNSEYS 

.r,°/ »'^®.''l®* Strains; registered Dnruc 
and Berkshire Swine; Breeding «"ck 

White Holland Turkey, and GulneaS; 

H. T. HARRISON, Prop. 

I<eeabDrgr, Va. 



I* you are 



For pront and pleasure, buy the O. I 
C. Most meat with least feed. D. Wm. 
tjrood, Parlamd, Roanoke Co., Va 



POKII 



My herd contains many choice, Im- 
ported, registered individuals, descend- 
ants of noted prize winners. Write 
your wants. vvriie 

MONTROSE SHETLAND PONY FARM, 
Cartersville, Va. 




JacKs 

AND 

Saddlers. 

Imported and Kentucky Mammoth 
Jacks, saddle stallions and mares and 
Tamworth hogs. 
We are making special prices through 

the summer season. 
J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky. 



816 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEE 



[September, 



PUBLJC^ALE 

OF PURE-BRED 

BERKSHIRES 




In order to reduce my large and 
famous herd of Berkshires, I will 
offer at public sale, on my farm, Wed- 
nesday, September 30th, 1908, com- 
mencing at 1 P. M., nfty head of the 
best and most fashionably bred hogs 
offered in Virginia. This offering will 
consist of sows about ready to farrow, 
young gilts ready to breed for spring 
litters, young boars ready for immedi- 
ate service, and a number of boars 
and gilts from four to six months old. 
All of the above mentioned stock is 
out of my famous Silver Tips and 
Storm King Sows, and are sired by 
and bred to either my great Hunter 
of Biltmore III., or Earhart's Model 
Premier, by the grand champion Pre- 
mier Longfellow. 

I extend a hearty invitation to all 
lovers of good hogs to attend the sale, 
and call attention to the fact that not 
a single inferior animal will be of- 
fered, I hope to have the pleasure of 
meeting a large number of Berkshire 
breeders on this occasion. 

Conveyances meet all trains. In- 
quiries promptly answered. 

D. E EARHART, Nokesvllle, Va. 

Main Line Southern R. R, 

SUNNYSIDE BERKSHIRES. 

Boars In service. "Premier Dnkc," 

■on of Premier Longfellow; 'Teerlcs* 
Premier," sired by Lord Premier III,, 
and Imported "HlRhtlde CommouB." 
Also a number of sows rich In Premier 
blood. Prices reasonable. 

W. R. Walker, riVION, S. C. 

BERKSHIRE PIGS. 

Entitled to Registration. 

MAMMOTH BRON7,E TURKEYS, 

ENGLISH SETTER PUPS, 

(Blue Belton) 

My offerings are strictly first class. 

MRS. G. M. W^EST, Vlnlta, Va. 



STERLING HERD 

REG. DUROC-JERSEYS . 
AND TAMWORIH SWINE 

Duroc Boars ready for serrlce. 
R. W. ■W*TSON. PfteriihtirK. Va. 



CHE.STER AVHITES 

Best hogs on earth. Pigs now ready 
for fall delivery. Stock A No, 1 
SatlMfaetlon Guaranteed. 
S. M. WISECARVER, Rnstbnrg, Vo. 



ly simple, and it has just that touch 
of masculinity which renders it dear 
to his own heart while it remains 
childish in effect. This one is made 
of striped linen, but the design is 
adapted to all the materials that are 
used for boys' blouses, percale, madras 
and the lik and also the washable 
flannels that are so desirable for the 
cooler days. 




6058 Boy's Russian BIouse,ji 
6 to 13 )'ears. 

The blouse is made with fronts and 
back. It is closed well to the shoulder 
at the left side and buttoned into 
place and is drawn up by means of 
elastic inserted in a hem at the lower 
edge. The sleeves are tucked to form 
cuffs and there is the always conven- 
ient patch pocket on the left of the 
front. 

The quantiy of material required for 
the medium size (10 years) is 3 3-8 
yards 24, 2 1-4 yards 32 or 2 yards 44 
inches wide. 

The pattern G058 is cut in sizes for 
boys of 6, 8, 10, and 12 years of age, 
and will be mailed to any address by 
the Fashion Department of this paper 
on receipt of ten cents. 



SAW THE SIGHTS OF THE TOWN, 
Resident: "Have you seen the sights 

of the town?" 

Stranger: "Yes. All morning I sat 

in the hotel front window watching 

them walk by."August i^ippincott's. 



FAIRFAX FARM SOLD. 
Mr. George W. Halstead has sold, 
through P. B. Buell & Son, Herndon, 
Va,, his 496-acre farm near Centre- 
ville, to Mr. T, W. Grimes, of Lou- 
doun county. This is considered one 
of the most desirable stock farms in 
Fairfax county. 




b-Avm QaftKwBt RA.** iL^ut;ms KsialMc* 



PURE BRED SH 

SHROPSHIRES, 
SOUTMCOWNS, DORSETS, 
HAMPSttlRES. 

I have Choice Ram and Bir» 
Lambs, Yearlins, Two, Three ■■« 
Four-year-old Rams of bI3 tkv 
Breeds named above and all lara 
reglster'id or elieible to registry. 

It pays to buy Good Rama to hea< 
your herds of Sheep and now is the 
time to order. Have sold a number 
of Rams already and the early 
buyer gets advantag-e of best selec- 
tion and lowest prices. 

PURE BRED 

CHICKENS-DUCKS-IURKEYS 

I have some bargains In Wkltc 
and Barred Plymouth Rocks, regrii- 

lar $2.00 birds during July $l.Se 
each or |15.00 per dozen. "Whit* 
Leghorns, regular $1.60 birds at %i 
each during July. Also many other 
breeds and some good Yearllns 
Pekln Ducks at $1.25 each if un- 
sold when order Is received. Pirieea 
on application. 

PUKE BRED HOGS 

I have some choice 2, 3, a&d 4 
months Pigs of the following breeda. 
Poland-Chlnasj Rerkshlrea, Yevk- 
ahlres, Chester W'hltea, and Taaa- 
worths. 

Service Boars, and Bred Sows 
of all the Breeds named 
above. 

Let me have at least a trial •T&mr 
and X f«el svire other orders will fol- 
low. Write to-day and address , 

JAMES M. HOBBS, 

1521 Mt. Royal Ave. Baltimore, M*. 




1908.] 



THE SOUTHERl^ PLANTER 



Pinehurst Shropshires 




WARDWELLS "LEAD THE WAY.'' 

YEARLING HOME-BRED RAM. 

In 1907 we won CHAMPION RAM at 
Chicago International, Michigan State 
and New York State Fairs, and every 
FIRST PRIZE at Vermont State Fair. 
We have the best Aged, Yearling and 
Ram Lambs, the best Aged Ewes, Year- 
ling Ewes and Ewe Lambs for sale — 
and at reasonable prices — we ever of- 
fered, either for breeding purposes, or, 
If you want to buy a Show Flock for 
the coming Fair Season, we believe we 
can sell you Sheep that will win at 
State or County Fairs. 

We pay not only great care to get 
the BEST in importing, but even more 
care in Belectlng our breeding flock. 
This is undoubtedly the reason our 
flock has such a great reputation. 

We have about 60 Rams and 60 Ewes 
for Sale, fit to go In any flock — besides 
100 Lambs for sale. 

HENRY L. WARDWELL, 

Springfield Center, N. Y. 

Dorset Shees For Sale 

I have to offer this season a large 
number of Dorset rams of the ages of 
lambs, yearlings and two-year-olds. My 
sheep are of the best type and quality 
having been selected from the best 
flocks In America. Prices reasonable. 
SAMUEL, T. HENINGER, 
Burkes Garden, Va. 

Two Pure-Bred 

Dorset Ram Lambs 

toT sale. Older weighed 132 lbs. at 
shearing; price $15 and $20, according 
ft* size. Also a few pure-bred large 
Imported English Yorkshire Boar Pigs. 
C. E. JONES, Carysbrook, Va. 

WOODLAND FARM. 

DORSETS. 

Sold entirely out at present on both 
srams and pure-bred ewes. Will have 
some more good ones later. We have 
a few % blood yearling ewes that we 
can spare. 
jr. E. WING & BROS., Mechanicsburg, O. 

BtDOB^t'oon «TorTK rAiuf 

DORSETS 

Our fall lambs are noTV ready for 
jron. Let ns hear from yon promptly 
t!:hls year. 

J. O. ARBUCKL,E & SONS, 
Maxfvelton, Greenbrier County, 
W^est Virginia. 



817 



GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 
Stewed Sweetbreads. 
Frequently the sweetbreads are not 
used because of the ignorance of their 
value on the part of the butcher. Those 
from a young animal are tender, and 
fully as delightful as the brains, and 
they are easily cooKed. To stew them 
wash and remove all the skin and fat! 
Put into a pan with cold water enough 
to cover; let come to a boil; throw 
them at once into cold water; this 
makes them firm; then chop them and 
stew in a very little water until ten- 
der; pour off the water; add butter, 
pepper, salt and a cup of new milk or 
cream and a bit of chopped parsley; 
stew a few minutes. Serve hot. It 
is very nige to line the dish with toast 
ana pour the mixture over. 



Roasted Sweetbreads. 
Let them boil for ten minutes; then 
throw them into cold water and let 
them stay until cold; wipe them dry 
and lay them on a pan and roast slow- 
ly, basting with butter and half cup 
of water until they are brown; take 
them off; roll in a beaten egg ana 
then in cracker crumbs, and reiurn to 
the stove; baste with butter; cook ten 
minutes; put them into another pan 
and add to the gravy half cup of hot 
water, chopped parsley, pepper, salt 
and spoon of brown flour with a tea 
spoon of lemon juice; boil up and poui 
over the sweetbreads; serve at once. 

Ham and Chicken Sandwiches. 
Take equal parts of cold chicken 
and ham; put them through the meai 
chopper together so that they will be 
well mixed; put the mixture into a 
pan with a small quantity of watei 
or gravy to make a paste; add a lump 
of butter, pepper and salt and a few 
celery seed; stir till it heats and when 
it ha cooked five minutes spread on 
a dish to cool. Prepare some thin 
slices of bread and butter; sprinkle 
grated cheese on some of the slices, a 
very thin layer of mustard on others; 
spread the chicken between the slices. 
These are fine for a picnic. 



Cheap Sponge Cake. 
12 eggs, beaten separately, very 
light; 8 cups of flour, sifted 5 times; 
6 cups of sugar, beaten into the yolks; 
2 cups cold water, 2 teaspoons soda; 
4 teaspoons cream tartar. Bake in 
sheets. 



Apple Preserves. 
Peel or core the apples or cut them 
into quarters; to a bucket of water add 
three tablespoons of lime water; cover 
the apples with this and let them stand 
half an hour; drain off all this water 
and throw them into a syrup made 
with three-fourths pound of sugar and 
one cup of water to each pound of 
fruit and' a few pieces of ginger. It 
must boil slowly until they begin to 
look clear; then t^ke them out and 
let them cool while the syrup boils 
on; return them to the syrup and boil 



MY MOTTO: 
"Best is None Too Good." 




REGISTERED SHROPSHIRES. 

I now offer for prompt acceptance: 
1 3-year old Imported Ram, weight 
when in flesh 180 lbs., thin now owing 
to drought, weight 150 lbs. Price, $25. 

Three good yearlings, weight about 
140 to 160 lbs., at $18. 

6 ewe lambs, weight 90 to 100 lbs., 
$12 to $15. 

Ten good ewes, 1 to 5 years old, at 
$lo to $20. 

All of above stock is registered, or 
will be, for purchaser; prices f. o. b. 
here. Satisfaction guaranteed or money 
refunded. Send check and be sure of 
getting good stock. 

References: W. B. Copper, Cashier 
Bank of Chestertown, Md. 
H. R. GRAHAM, Chestertown, Md. 

P. S. If accepted before Sept. 15th, 
deduct 5 per cent. I have two good 
Berkshire Boars weighing about 125 
and 150 lbs, $15 each. 



"Glenara Stjck Farm'' 

Summer and Fall Offering 

Dual purpose. Short Horn Bull 
Calves and Yearlings. Dorset Ram 
Lambs fit for limited service this 
fall), Poland China Boars, gilts and 
Pigs; prolific stock, fashionably 
bred. 

Registration papers furnished to 
all customers. Dams and sires of 
all breeding offered imported to 
Virginia from England, Canada, or 
Western United States. Farmers' 
prices. 
Address, 

JOHN BUTLER SWANN, 
Marshall, Va. 



OROVE FARH 

BrooklandvUIe, Maryland. 

P. O. Luthervllle. R. r. D.; Telepbon* 

and telegraph, 42-K, T»wn. 

The property or 

James McK. and I. B. Merryman. 

GUERNSEYS 

The kind that win. Not T>eaten 

In 1907. Shown Maryland State Fair, 
Allentown, Pa., Mt. Holly, N. J., Tren- 
ton, N. J., Richmond, Va., and Hagera- 
town. Md. When you buy get the b««t. 
A few pure-bred Heifers and Bull Calt 
dropped April 16, 1907, out of Imp. 
Lady Simon, by Mllford Lasslv It 
Anchor, the Boll that wina. 

Our Berkshlres were unbeaten 
wherever »hown. Write for prices. 



Please mention the Southern Planter. 



818 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE 



[September, 



HYGESA HERO 

OF 

HOLSTEIN- 
FRIESIANS. 

Sons of 

**Pontiac 

's 



Dam — Pomtim- Calypso, 

A. R. O. 2&43 Ibtj. 

Sire's Dam — Beryl Wayne, 

A. R. O. 27.87 lbs. 

We have a few very flne service 
bulls left for sale by this sire, and 
several bull calves from some of 
Hyg-eia Herd's best females. 

Individuals are right; breeding Is 
right; prices are right. 

Get in the line of progress. 

Write to-day for prices and ped- 
igrees. 

Address: Crozet, 

W. F. Carter, Jr., Agt.. Albem. Co., 
Dr. W. F. Carter, Prop. Virginia. 

THOROUGHBRED 

eERKSHIRE BOARS, 
JERSEY BULL CALVES, 
DORSET BUCK UMBS. 

Sire of Calves, FLYING FOX, 65468, 
Bon of Flying Fox, who sold for ?7,S00 
at the Cooper sale, 1902. 

All stock in best condition and 
guaranteed as represented. 

F. T. ENGLISH, Centreville, Md. 

fatmmgt&n Stock F^rm 

(Owned toy Warner Wood's estate.) 

Short Eos'B^ Guttle. 

Yearling Heifers and young; bulls 
for saie at farmer's prices. Pedigrees 
furni.shed. Trains stop on farm. First 
iStatlou Tvest of Charlottesville, C. & 
O. Ry. Write for furtlier particulars 
to P. B. McCAULEY, Mgr. Blrdwood, 
Va. 



I>evoQ Herd BBtabllahed 1SS4. Hamp 
•hir« Down 71oek ■■tabllabed 1U«. 



HAMPSHiaSDOVnV SHmsp, 

VLAM8 AND irVTBti, 

ROBKltT J. FARRnit, Onmm*, ▼». 

WALNUT HILLS HESD 

Reg. Angus Cattle 

YMtrllavs and Calvaa for sal*. 
J. P. THOMPSON, ORAMaH. TA. 



till they are clear. They may be sea- 
soned with lemon or pine apple, and 
make a variety. 



Alcohol Preserves. 

Take one pint of pure alcohol; add 
to it five cents' worth of salycilic acid; 
put this into a three-gallon jar and add 
to it each fruit in its season, with a 
pound of sugar for each pound of fruit 
until you have two and a half gallons. 
Pour a little drop of alcohol on top 
and tie up the jar: It takes some time 
to ripen, but is delicious with plain 
ice-cream or just to be used as a pre- 
serve. - The black fruits do not suc- 
ceed as well for this as the light kinds 
— strawberries, raspberries, apricots, 
pears, peaches, apples, lemon, orange, 
grapefruit — all in the same jar, stored 
together will be found to be quite va- 
riety enough. This is really better 
made with fine brandy, but it is more 
costly. 



In putting up your preserves drop 
a few drops of glycerine on top and 
they will not mold. 

CARAVEN. 



THE WHITE P'LYMO'UTH ROCK 
CLUB. 

The annual catalogue of the White 
Plymouth Rock Club will be issued 
within the next month or two. All 
interested in White Rocks should be 
members. The annual dues are only 
$1.00 (which includes initiation fee). 
This is one of the strongest and most 
influential specialty clubs in America. 
The names and addresses of all mem- 
bers are given in the handsome cata- 
logue. Yours should appear also. 
Surely you can afford the small 
amount of $1.00' for so much benefit. 
Write for advertising space. Rates 
low. Address R. W. Haw, State Sec- 
retary for Virginia, Manchester, Va., 
R. F. D. No. 1. 



OUTWITTED THE LANDLORD. 

When recently leasing a house in 
a fashionable suburb of Philadelphia 
the lessee failed to examine closely 
the terms of the lease. After a time 
his landlord called and reminded him 
that he was bound to do all the out- 
side painting at certain intervals. 
The tenant protested in vain; so he 
engaged painters and ordered them 
to paint the whole front of the house 
red, white, and blue — in stripes. 

When it was finished the neigh- 
borhood rose up in arms, and the 
landlord was frantic. The tenant 
politely explained that there was 
nothing in the lease about the color, 
so he Intended to finish the job by 
painting the back of the house green 
with large yellow spots. The land- 
lord saw that he had met his match 
and within a few days the tenant 
had a new lease in which the land- 
lord undertook to do all the outside 
painting. ■ 

— Sepember Lippincott's. 



Fine ANGUS Calves 

AT FARMERS' PRICES. 

Several 15-16 Grade Angrui Bull 
Calves ready for service. Will mak« 
superb bulls for grading up herds. 

Several Registered Angus Bull and 
Heifer Calves. Fine individuals, whose 
development has been pushed since the 
day they were dropped. 

Two beautiful registered yearling 
Angus heifers, just bred to our herd 
bull, at $60 each. 

Two splendid 3 months old registered 
bull calves, at $40 each. 

All these calves will b« sold at 
farmers' prices. Write at one* if you 
want one nf them. 

W. M ^V'ATKINS, 
Saxe, Charlotte Conaty, Va. 



3 Pure Bred 



ANGUS BULL CALVES, 

For Sale Cheap 

C. T. JOHNSON, 

Beaver Dam, Va. 

ANGUS CATTLE. 

SOUTHDOWN SHEEP. 

ESSEX PIGS. 

One choice Anjrus C«w, E years old; 
two choice Pure Bred Bulls, one and 
two years old. A number of South- 
down Lambs, May, June and July de- 
livery, and a few Bssex Pigs for July 

and August delivery. 

L. G. JONES, TOBACCOVTLIiBi, W. O. 

VALiLEY FRONT FARM. 
Sassafras, Gloucester Co., Va. 

I have a nice lot of registered Here 
ford Bulls and Heifers, for sale at 
farmers' prices. Also a number of 
g-rade Heifers and cows. My herd rep- 
resents best strains and choice indi- 
viduals. 

Wm. C. Stnbbs, Prop. 

^EO POLL C/^LV'eS 

The dual purpose type. If interested 
in the best farmers' cattle on earth, 
write for photos and records of ours. 
We will interest you sure. 

H. B. ARBUCKtE, 
MaxTTelton, W. Va. 



SHORTHORNS 

Scotch and Scotch topped bulls ready 
for service and bull calves, cows and 
heifers for sale. Tliis herd represents 
tlie most noted blood lines and the 
prices are low. 

LESI^IE D. KLINE. 
Vancluse, "Va. 



Tamworth Pigs 

From Registered Stock of Fine 
BREEDING. 

VOI^irBT OSBUKir, 
BlnemoBt, IiO«A«va Co., Ta. 



A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



819 



Want Ads. 



R&tea 2 cents per word. Cash frith 
e?d«r. Initial* and flarurea count as 
one word; SS conts minimum chars*' 

POULTRY, ETC. 

rOR SALE— S. C. BROWN LEGHORNS, 
cocks and hens, cockerels and pullets. 
from "Braces" prizewinning: strain, 
at Madison Square show at New 
York, also Richmond Poultry Show. 
None better on earth. Get some 
good males and Improve your flock. 
Prices reasonable. Address Blver- 
Sreen Farms, Rice Depot, Va. 

SILVER SPANGLED HAMBURGS— 
Partridge Wyandottes, Silver Laced 
Wyandottes, Cornish Indian Games, 
White Rocks, $2 each; trio $5. Also 
White Crested Black Polish, turkeys, 
ducks and guineas. Write for 
prices. Circular 15 varieties. A. E. 
Parsons, Berkshire, N. Y. 

FOR SALE — S. C. Rhode Island Reds. 
That are red to the meat. Best all 
around fowl on earth. Cocks are 
good to cross on any breed. Have 
both fancy breed and utility stock. 
Prices In reach of all. Address Ever- 
green Farms, Rice Depot, Va. 

FOR SALE— 100 S. C. BUFF ORPING- 
ton cockerels from York, Hagerstown 
Washington prize winners. My birds 
win everywhere shown. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. A. J. Streett, Forest Hill, 
Maryland. 

MY PRIZE PBKIN DUCKS— EOTHER- 
ing neiglibors, must sell. 52 ducks, 
90c. each, $10 dozen. Fancy Berk- 
shires, cheap. Good enough for blue 
ribbons this fall. Thos. S. White, 
Lexington, Va. 

WILL SELL FOR LIMITED TIME — 
some fine cockerels at 75c. Buff Or- 
pington, Black Minorca, R. and S. 

C. Brown Leghorns, and White Wy- 
andottes. Mrs. Frank Johnson, R. F. 

D. No. 1, Louisa, Va. 

ENTIRE STOCK OF OVER 100 MAM- 
moth Pekin Ducks for sale. Early 
hatched breeders of finest strain; 
ready for laying. Satisfaction guar- 
anteed. Price $1.50 each. Address J. 
B. Watts, Pulaski, Va. 

WALKER'S WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK 
Cockerels and Pullets are fine, large, 
well-developed youngsters from fine 
laying stock. Write for prices. C. 
M. Walker, Herndon, Va. 



FOR SALE — 60 WHITE LEGHORN 
hens, 60 spring pullets, 8 males, at 
$1 each. Address D. W. Tuggle, 

Gladys, Va. 

LIVE STOCK. 



RED POLL BULL CALF OF GOOD 
breeding, eligible to registry, for 
sale at a reasonable price. Pedigree 
on request. B. H. Carter, Rice De- 
pot, Va. 

CHOICE O. I. C. PIGS FOR SALE— 
Either sex, $5 each; pedigrees fur- 
nished. Also registered Short Horn 
and Polled Durham calves. J. L. 
Humbert, Charlottesville, Va. 



YEARLING PURE-BRED COTSWOLD 
Rams, 200 lb. carcass and heavy 
fleeces; also ewes to be bred to rams, 
all tops Canadian flocks. E. C. 
Legge, Kents Island, Md. 

TWO GOOD, HEAVY WORK HORSES 
for sale at a bargain. For prices 
and particulars, address Samuel 
Cramer, Route 2, Houston, Va. 



BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK ANR S. 
C. B. Leghorn cockerels, hens and 
pullets for sale. River View Poul- 
try Farm, Mrs. C. M. Bass, Prop., 
Rice Depot, Va. 



WANTED — COCK OR PAIR VERY 
small variety white bantams, with 
yellow legs and large top-knot. Ad- 
dress: 1118 Senate St., Columbia, 
S. C. 

WHITE WYANDOTTES — PRIZE WIN- 
ners and splendid egg producers. 
Summer cut price egg sale now on at 
20 for $1.00. Sunnyside, Jonesvllle. Va. 

SILVER LACED WYANDOTTE COCKS 
and cockerels for sale. Terms very 
reasonable. Mrs. Fannie Carter, Rice 
Depot, Va. 

WANTED— SPRING HATCHED PAR- 
tridge Wyandotte cockerel. Address 
stating price, O. L. Llgon, Sabot, Va. 



BEFORE BUYING YOUR BBRK- 
shlre Pigs write m« for my prices 
and breeding. It will pay you. Dr. 
Charles G. Cannady, Roan«k«, Va. 

HAMPSHIRE DOWN SHEEP AND 
Yorkshire hogs; Boars, bred Sows; 
Pigs at weaning age, only $5 each. 
J. D. Thomas, Round Hill, Va. 

MULES FOR SALE.— FIVE WELL 
grown, 3-year-olds, unbroke and two 
2-year olds cheap. Jake Goldsmith, 
Fredericksburg, Va. 



REGISTERED HOLSTEIN BULL— 2 

years old, mostly white, bred by 
Carpenter, of Pa., for sale. S. R. 
Carter, Ashland, Va. 

A FEW MORE FIRST CLASS REGIS- 
tered Duroc JJersey pigs 4 months 
old. only ?10 each. L. G. Blanken- 
ship. Box 202, Roanoke, Va. 

TWENTY YOUNG ANGORA DOES FOR 
sale. $100 takes them. D. J. Lybrook 
Banner Elk, N. C. 



BEST BREEDING OF YORKSHIRE 

hogs at farmers' prices. W. E. Stick- 
ley, Strasburg, Va. 



REAl, ESTATE. 



FOR SALE OR WILL TAKE IN Ex- 
change a Va. farm not over $2,500., 
a good place of not over 45 acres 8 
miles from Richmond, new house, 
plenty of good fruit of all kinds, 
good neighborhood, near R. R. and 
electric road, school, and church, R. 
F. D. In reply send description and 
price. Address "Owner," care South- 
ern Planter. 

FOR SALE— FARM OF ABOUT 40 
acres near Crozet, Va. Land adapted 
to Peach and Berry growing. These 
crops bringing highest market prices 
from this section. Suitable place for 
party of moderate means. Six room 
dwelling barn and other outbuild- 
ings. Young orchard also. T. C. Lou- 
hofC, Yancey, Mills Va. 



I WANT TO RENT GOOD FARM 

one to three hundred acres. Piedmont 
section; have teams and tools; X, 
care Southern Planter. 



CHEAP LAND WHERHl INVALIDS 
get well without madlclne and r&ls* 
$260 in fruit par acre. Hd«n Fruit 
Colony Company, Dawberry, H»raett 
County, N. C. 



SELL TOUR FARM DIRECT TO 
buyer. Write J. H. Bonnell, James- 
town, N. Y. 



FOR SALE— 120 ACRE FARM; GOOD 
house and other outbuildings, horse, 
cow, and all farm implements. Price 
$1,700. Aug. Jansch, Wattsboro, Va. 



BUY BEST VIRGINIA FARMS DIRECT 
of owner and save money. Write J. 
H. Bonnell, Jamestown, N. Y. 



FOR SALE, TWO STORE LOTS AND 
one store house and lot, all fronting 
on the Court House Square, Mocks- 
ville, N. C. Good business stands. 
Address "Owner," Box 19, Mocksville, 
N. C. 

FINE OLD ESTATE, 1,100 ACRES— 
for sale in whole or parts. Half 
price if taken soon. Located on 
York River. Address Box 286, Wil- 
liamsburg, Va. 



POSITIONS — EUQLP. 



WANTED— BY AN EXPERIENCED 
young married man, place as work- 
ing manager of a stock farm. Am 
well up on the breeding, handling 
and fitting for show ring. Have had 
8 years' experience at dairying and 
several years with beef cattle. Have 
been very successful at breeding and 
In the show ring with Berkshire 
h©gs. Am well up on the growing 
of grain, grasses, clover and root 
crops. Have had ten years' exper- 
ience with ensilage making. Want a 
good, permanent place. Address W. 
L. care Southern Planter. 



POSITION WANTED— BY PRACTICAL 
poultryman of 18 years experience 
with man having capital who will 
establish a poultry and egg farm 
The advertiser is thoroughly exper- 
ienced in feeding for eggs and will 
plan, build and manage plant on sal- 
ary until plant is on paying basis. 
Then part of profits as compen.'sation. 
Best of references. Address P L 
W., care Southern Planter. 

POSITION WANTED— BY EXPER- 
ienced and reliable poultryman, on 
private estate or commercial plant. 
Experienced in breeding fancy, util- 
ity and market poultry, the running 
of incubators, brooders and all mod- 
ern appliances, building and estab- 
lishing poultry plants, etc. Open for 
engagement Nov. 1st: Reference 
from present emplovcr. Karl .T. Heu- 
mann, 1544 N. Wash. St., Balto, Md. 

WANTED — FOREMAN FOR MY 
small country place near Richmond; 
married man preferred; must be 
sober, intelligent, progressive; good 
house and wages. Address "Battle 
Axe," care Southern Planter. 

WANTED — MARRIED WORKING 
foreman on small stock farm In 
Southside Virginia. Pure bred cattle 
and horses, corn and grass raised. 
Address B. S., care Southern Planter, 
stating age, experience, nationality, 
and size of family. 

POSITION WANTED AS FARM MAN- 
ager; understand Improvement of 
land, general farming, stock rais- 
ing, especially dairying. Address U. 
G. S. Care Southern Planter. 

WANTED — RELIABLE MAN AND 
wife to take the stock and a small 
farm and Post Oflfice on shares. Will 
give life-time lease to right party. 
Box 40, Kendalia, W. Va. 

WANTED — BY PRACTICAL NEW 
Jersey farmer, single, 46 years of 
age, with reference, position as man- 
ager or foreman of large estate or 
farm. Can keep accounts. Address 
New Jersey, care Southern Planter. 



820 



THE SOUTHERN PLAI^TEE 



[September, 



POSITIONS — HELP. (Continued.) 

WANTED— WHITE MAN WITH 
small family to attend stock and do 
general farm work. Write stating 
wages expected to J. T. Oliver, Al- 
len's Level, Va. 

POSITION WANTED BY AN EXPER- 
ienced young man (single) as work- 
ing foreman on farm. Address H. 
Beyer, Palls, Va. 



MIS CELL, ANE OUS. 



THE GREAT YADKIN VALLEY FAIR 
—Salisbury, N. C. October 20, 21, 
22, and 23, 1908. The premiums on 
most of the Live Stock at this Fair 
are open to the world. There is a 
big demand for improved live stock 
in the Piedmont section of North 
Carolina. For premium List (and 
other information address M. L. 
Jackson, Pres. Wm. James, Secy. 

FOR SALE— WILL YOU BUY A 
money maker at half value. Read 
and investigate. Four miles from 
the city of Binghamton. N. Y. 375 
acres; sixteen room slate roof house; 
basement barn, 40x100, carriage 
house; four hundred fruit trees; milk 
sold at door; everything up-to-date: 
must go. Price $8,000. One-half cash, 
balance five years at 5 per cent. 
Hall's Farm Agency, Owego, N. Y. 



FOR SALE— ORCHARD GRASS SEED, 
grown in Fauquier Cotunty, Va.,; 
acclimated; guaranteed free of ox- 
eye and first class in every respect. 
Prices and samples gladly furnished 
on request. Address McGill & Son, 
The Plains, Va. 

FOR SALE: ONE LITTER PEDIGREED 
Beagle pups, 3 months old, of proven 
hunting stock and well grown. Price 
$5 each. Also a male and female 
thoroughbred bull terrier, each 5 
months old. Price $10 each. Dr. C. 
T. Smith, Croxton, Va. 



WANTED — TO BUY ALL KINDS 
Wild Birds and Animals, particularly 
Tame Deer, W^lld Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Peafowl, Ottera, Red 
Foxes, Grey Squirrels, Partrldgres, 
Pheasants, Beaver. State price when 
writing. Dr. Cecil French, Natural- 
ist, Washington, D. C. 

OH MY; BUT DON'T THAT CORN 
hurt? Well, why don't you send for 
some of my corn plasters and get 
cured. Only 10 cents each or 3 for 
25 cents. LeRoy's Bargains, Box 
202, Roanoke, Va. 

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE— ITALIAN 
Bees, $5 per colony; honey in 10 lb. 
pails, 6 pails per case, 8c. per lb.; in 
60 lb. cans, 7%c. per lb.; W. P. R. 
Pullets, 50c. up. B. F. Averill, How- 
ardsville, Va. 



NEARLY READY— A TREATISE REN- 
dering latitude and departure land 
calculations easy and self proving. 
Send your order to I. F. Rauda- 
baugh, Celina, Ohio. Cloth, Jl.60; 
paper $1.25. 



RICHMOND 



Lmnber, Laths, Shin- 
gles, Saah, Bllnda 
Doora, Frames, Mool- 
dlOKB, Asphalt Koof- 
tug. Yards and bulld- 

inea i^uvHiiug ten acres. Woodward A 

Son, Richmond, Va. 



W^D 



VIRGINIA 



WANT 200 BUSHELS OF SEED RYE 
and 25 of beardless barley F. O. B 
Norfolk. Send samples and price to 
C. F. Hodgman, Waterway, Princess 
Anne Co., Va. 



WANTED TO SELL CHEAP— A 20 

inch Ohio Ensilage Cutter with a 

20 foot carrier; in good condition. 

Address, P. O. Box 192, Richmond, 
Va. 

TERRACING? DITCHING? GRADING? 
Best $10 farm level for $6.66. Write 
at once for special offer. Frank 
Wright, Mf., Cave Springs, Ga. 

BEAUTIFUL SOUVENIR POST CARDS 
only 10 cents per dozen. LeRoy's 
Bargains, Box 202, Roanoke, Va. 

FOR SALE CHEAP — GINSENG SEED 
and roots. S. A. White, Timberville, 
Va. 



OUR JAPANESE SISTERS. 
, "Traveler." 

It would be impossible to imagine a 
greater contrast than exists between 
the American woman of to-day, com- 
plete mistress of every situation, and 
the timid, fluttering little Yuki-Van's, 
all draperies. The Japanese women 
seem so child-like and innocent, it is 
hard to take them seriously at all, 
and not as so many gay butterflies 
fluttering about. 

From the cradle, they are taught to 
make themselves pleasing in appear- 
ance and manner, and by this code, 
they live to the end. With Spartan 
severity they are taught to smile on, 
though their hearts may be breaking, 
of which there were many examples 
in the late war. Their whole life is 
one of discipline and self-restraint. 

Opinions differ as to the beauty of 
the Japanese women. It is a matter 
of taste. To me, many of them were 
exceedingly pretty, and all, from the 
.highest to the lowest, have an inde- 
•scribable charm, partly from the 
sweetness of disposition, partly from 
their extreme consideration for others, 
andbeyond this, some elusive fascina- 
tion, probably the spell of the East. 

This is particularly true of the 
Geishas, so coy and flirtatious, — these 
professional charmers, who serve de- 
lightful tea and rice cakes in the tea 
^houses, with a thousand little tricks 
to please. A misapprehension exists 
in some minds as to the type the 
Geishas represent. They are supposed 
to correspond to the grisettes of Paris, 
but they are not to be confounded for 
one moment with that class, which 
wears its obi or sack — tied in front, 
as its badge of shame. To be sure, 



s 



This is Not a Mule-Heatled Hog 

But is made this way in the 
cut to attract your attention. 
I have over 200 Duroc pigs 
which I think cannot be 
beaten for quality In the 
United States, and I am of- 
fering them in pairs and 
trios (not akin). Any farmer 
who is raising hogs for the 
market, I believe, can add 
$500 to his stock of hogs by 
buying one pair of my Durocs 
and starting a full blood herd 
of his own. My March pigs 
weigh about 150 to 200 lbs. 
each. I will sell selects at $50 
per pair, or one male and two 
females for $75, crated, on 
board (Express) cars. I have 
In my herd such celebrated 
strains as Tip-Top Notcher, 
71202, Pilot Wonder 9017, 
Lord Roberts, 17329, Oom Paul 
7545, Orion 5393, Crimson 
Wonder 2nd, 31373, Gold Finch 7549, Top Notcher 8803, I. J.'s Chief 12446, Red 
fc*1ef O. 18317, Iowa Chief, 52953, Big I Am, 20,895, Ruddy K. 4th, 20861, Indi- 
cator, 20465, Peter the Great, 51,085, Advancer, 11,309, Treasure Box, 32205; Red 
Prince 22929 and others. I am breeding for size and bone together with 
strength and vigor. My pigs roam in clover fields and are the strong, vig- 
orous, healthy type. I have never had any diseases or sickness among my 
stock. I am prepared to furnish you an extra pair at a small price. The 
most perfect cherry red color that I have ever seen predominates In my herd. 
Do not hesitate to order at once. I will send you a pair fit to show at your 
coming Fair. Complete registration certificate with pedigree furnished with 
each animal. 





W. L. DcCLOW, Cedar Rapids Jack Farm. 



Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 



IF YOU WANT THE BEST HOG 

Buy from those who givi their sola attention to the production of the greatest Berkshire Type. 

WB DO 

Our herd comprises the moat splendid lines of breeding and Indlvldnals 
that money can bny or experience develop In American and English Brc4 
Berkshire*. 

«LORD PREMIER OF THE BLTTB RrDGB," 1035S5, the greatest Uvlas 
boar, heads onr herd. If yoa are Interested vrrlte. 

THE BLUE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, ASHEVILLE, N. C. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLAl^TER 



821 




ri-:^ 



Your problem, Mr. Farmer, is to convert 
each hundred cents' worth of your corn into a 
dollar s worth of pork, plus a profit. Turning corn 
mto pork, the feeder becomes a manufacturer. His 
grain represents the raw material and his animals' 
appetites and digestion the machinery. Everything 
depends upon digestion. Increasing the stockman's proiit 
by increasing digestion is known as '"Tlie Dr. Hess Idea." His 
education as a doctor of both human and veterinary medicine has been 
employed, together with years of experimenting, to produce a preparation that he 
could guarantee to improve the appetite and increase digestion ; besides relieving 
the minor stock ailments. In 

HESS STOCK 

the best tonics known to science are employed to whet the appetite and increase the flow of digestive juices. It also 

contains iron, the greatest blood and tissue builder; nitrates are employed to help nature throw off poisonous waste material 

that becomes deposited under heavy feeding. Mild laxatives also regulate the bowels. These ingredients are recommended 

by every great medical writer, and Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) has found them to be just what the animal system requires. 

Remember that market stock are fed in absolute violation to nature's plan. Stock were not intended to be crowded and 

stuffed to the very limit of their digestive capacity. Apply this course of feeding to yourself and what would be the result? 

This is what we can guarantee for Dr. Hess Stock Food: First — It pays for itself in increased growth. Second — 

It gives stock a smoother, healthier appearance, and they bring a better price. Third — You save money by keeping 

your animals free from disease. Fourth — Your stock like it, as it seasons and flavors their food and produces a 

relish that also aids digestion. 

The dose of Dr. Hpss Stock Food is small and fed but twice a day. Sold on a Writtea Guarantee. 
100 lbs. S5.00; Except in Canada and extreme West and South. Dr. HESS &, CLARK, 

25 lb. pail $1.60 Smaller quantities at a slight advance. Ashland. OhiO. 

Mso manufacturers of DR. HESS POULTRY PRN-A-CE-A and Instant Louse Killer. 
FBEE from the Istto thelOlh of each month— Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) will prescribe for your ailing- animals. You can have 
his 96-pag:e Veterinary Book any time by sending a two-cent stamp. Mention this paper. 





DR HES^ POULTRY PiflkE\l°>A-l^l^"/k fs" The Dr. Hess idea "for poultry. It increases growth and 
fa»r«.nE.<u?^R-l^Vkl!r^l »**«'a ** VfK ** esg- production by increasing dlg-estion. A little ol it pivon every 
day in soft feed corrects any tendency there may be toward indigestion and consequent nonproduclion. It has in it bitter tonics which act upon the 
digestion ; iron for the blood : and nitrates to cleanse the system. It makes a fiill egg basket ; causes a cockerel or old hen to fat rapidly ; helps tide 
over the moulting season ; and saves thousands of little chicks every year. It also cures gapes, roup, cholera, etc. Endorsed by leading poultry 
associations everywhere. SOLD EVEKYWHEKE ON A WKITTEN GCAKANTEE. 

IH lb*, asc, mall or express 40c; 6 lb«. 60o; IS Iba. $1.S5; 35 lb. pail $3.50. Except in Canada and extreme West and South. 

Send 2c for Dr. Hess '18 page poultry book, free. 

INSTANT LOUSE KILLER KILLS UCE 



several distinctions ar highly drawn 
in Japan. The poor girl, who keeps 
up her family by a life of infamy is 
commended rather than condemned 
for her course. 

The society ladies of Tokio are very 
amusing in their Paris finery. The 
fitted gowns show off to greatest dis- 
advantage those figures, so plainly in- 
tended for draperies, and the layers of 
paint and powder they lay on with 
these costumes are simply grotesque. 
We saw them at some of the court 
functions with tiaras of diamonds on 
their heads, and high French heel 
slippers, and could not suppress our 
smiles at the spectacle. In their 
place, I would never discard their com- 
fortable sandals, even if the kimonas 
had to go. 

Widely differing from these is a 
class that interested us very much, 
namely, the peasant women, dressed, 
in the garb of a man, and doing man's 



JERStY CATTLB. 

HSgl.-ored Cosvm IlVesh to Pnll. 

Heifers Bred to Calves In Spring. 

Bnlls— All Ages — A FeT» Ready for Service. 



All Ages and of Excellent Breeding. Get my prices before placing: your order. 
EVERGREEN FARMS, W. B. Gates, Proprietor, RICE DEPOT, VA. 



BERKS 



A grandson of Lord Premier's Rival, 
the great $10,000 boar, and two grand- 
danghters of Blaster Pieee at one- 
third Western prices. . Could breeding 
be better? The pigs equal their 
breeding. Also other goofl ones. 

MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM COMPANY, CHARL.OTTEISVILL,Bi, YA. 




822 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



Poland Chinas and ShropsMi^es 




A choice lot of pigs sired by my 
fine boars, D s Corrector, 2d., 72433, 
Son of D's Corrector 98157 and Big 
Jumbo 64275. D's Corrector was a half 
brother to the Senior champion boar 
at the St. Louis Worla's Fair. Half In- 
terest in his sire sold for $2,600 and 
his dam is a full sister to Maple Lawn 
Chief, first in age class at St. Louis. 
Big Jumbo was bred by W. S. Powell 
of Kansas and sired by the 1,100 lb. 
hog. Perfect I Am, 50767, and out of 
the 7001b. sow. Lady P. Sanders, 79040. 
SHROPSHIRE LAMBS. 
A choice lot sired by my Imported 
Ram, Altamonts, 666. This ram was 
Imported by G. Howard Davidson of 
New York, and purchased by my 
brother, the late J. F. Durrette, in 
1906. 




0. DURSiETTE, Stis^cessor to «#. F,BVRRETTE, Birdwood, AlbentaHe Co., Va, 



work in the field, or as pack horses on 
the highway. Budhist regard for ani- 
mal life leads t^em to spare their 
beasts, but great burdens are piled on 
the women's backs, who bear these, 
as their other burdens, without a mur- 
mur. 

The Red Cross nurses of Japan have 
gained a notable distinction. Dressed 
in white uniform and caps, with the 
red cross on their left sleeve and cap 
band, they stand ready to bring relief 
to all sufferers, whether on the battle- 
field or in the home. 

The amales, or traveling maids, are 
abundant, wherever tourists are found, 
and add much to their comfort. I also 
think with much affection of the dear 
little women in the toy shops selling 
us dainty trifles of the East, admiring 
our Western clothes, trying on our 
ring and beguiling us with soft flat- 
teries. 

The school girls of Japan are pic- 
turesque figures in long red fleeced 
skirts over their kimonas, as they 
troop by to school by hundreds in their 
zeal for education. We visited one of 
the mission schools in Tokio, where 
Miss Takahua, daughter of our pres- 
ent Japanese ambassador, was intro- 
duced to us. The girls were having 
their music lessors, and the most ex- 
cruciating sounds issued from the 
pianos. 

The "new woman" movement of 
Japan, of which the Marchioness 
Oyama is the head, is on a most digni- 
fied basis. It seeks better education 
and better opportunities for women, — 
a larger view, and general improve- 
ment, without the wails of the suffra- 
gettes. Even in ages past, Japan pro- 
duced great women, as for example, 
the powerful Empress, Ingo,, and 
numerous poetesses and authoresses. 

In face of facts, let us not boast too 
much of our vaunted superiority over 
our gentle sisters. Despite our great 
intellectual achievements there are 
many lessons we can learn from them 
in the art of living and the eternal 
harmonies. 

On the whole, the condition of wom- 



'^W* 




■J'WfiW-"-^'"*-"tfrt' >- i 



QUALITY 
POLAND-CHINAS 

The large, ntelloTr kind — NOT the 
coarse and rough type. They miiat he 
good with such .a herd header aa 
BLACK PIERPECTION, a son ol the 
old Idng of Poland-Chinas, Chief Per- 
fection II. A tew CHOICE PIGS ttmi 
BRED SOWS for sale. 

H. B. BUSH & BRO., 

Michanx, Powhatan Country, Va. 



POLAND-CHINAS ANP BERKSHIRES. 



A nice lot of pigs, 6 to 8 weeks old 

at $5. 



3 months old, 17.50; Bred sows, $16 

to $25. 

J. C. GRAVES, 
Barboorsvllle, Orange Co., Va. 




FINE 



S. C. Rhode Island Reds. 
Your Opportunity. 

Pursuant to custom, I will dispose of half of my S. C. Rhode Island Red 

breeders, about 40 one and two year old hens, to be replaced in my yards by 
young stock. When I say that these were in my breeding yards of this sea- 
son, and that never have I raised such high-class exhibition stock as is now 
maturing, enough is said of quality. 

I will mate two or more of these with April-hatched cockerels for the 
trade for $2.00 each around, and will guarantee that they are better than $5.00 
fowls purchased in the spring. A few promising cockerels $2.00 to $5.00. 

If you wish good Reds at a real bargain, this opportunity must be ac- 
cepted quickly, for like Christmas, it comes but once a year. 



DR. J. H. C. AVINSTON. 



Hampden-Sidney, Va. 



Jerseys and BerKshires 

FOR SALE. 

High-bred cows, fresh and due to be fresh fall and winter. Berkshires 
of all ages, excellent shape and breeding. Bradley Bros.' Barred P. Rocks, 
cockerels and hens. Brace's S. C. Brown Leghorns, cockerels, hens and pul- 
lets. RIVER VIEW FARM, C M. BASS, Prop., Rice Depot, Va. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



823 




■ a 



REEDIN 




I beg to announce that on and after July 1st I shall have, until late 
fall. Good, Strong Breeding Bwes from two to four years old, and can fur- 
nish them in smnll nnmbcrs or ear lots. Write for prices. Information cheer- 
fully given 

I handle all kind.s of I^ive Stock on Commission, and give best of satls- 
faction. If you have Cattle, Sheep, Lambs, Calves or Hogs for sale write me. 
I give accnrate information. Weekly quotations furnished free for the asking. 

ROBERT C. BRAUKR, Live Stock Commission Salesman, RICHMOND, VA. 
Address: P. O. Box 204. Office and Fens, Union Stock Yard*. 



an in Japan seemed to me quite de- 
Isirable and eminently suited to tlieir 
temperament. It is true tliat tier in- 
dividuality cannot assert itself to any 
great extent, but she becomes a 
mother-in-law — and submission is the 
keynote of her existence. 

This would not suit American wom- 
en at all, but then we think for our- 
selves, and the Japanese women have 
never learned to do this. When suffi- 
cient number of them have learned to 
think, some mighty changes will result 
to sweep away one of the most ideal 
types of woman, that any civilization 
has produced. 

Like the Greek ideal of beauty, It 
will ever remain an ideal, even when 
the type ceases to exist. 



STILL GROWING. 



A crippled peddler came hobbling 
to our door one day, and my aunt 
sympathetically inquired the cause of 
his lameness. 

"You ain't Christian Science, mum, 
be ye?" he asked. "No, I s'pose not. 
It's jest my luck. Well, mebbe you 
know of two kind-hearted old ladies 
livin' together — you can't mistake 
'em; one has a squint an' the other 
has a mole alongside her nose. No? 
Well, I'm not goin' to miss 'em for 
not askin.' I want to see them old 
ladies mighty bad." 

It transpired from his artless ram- 
blings that he had fallen when a 
child and injured his hip in such a 
way as to check the growth of his 
left leg. 

"But," interrupted my aunt, "your 
left leg is " 

"Yes, mum, I'm a comin' to thai 
presently. A year ago I sold a paper 
of pins to two old ladies in Broom- 
wich, as 'lowed that Mother Eddy's 
method would lengthen that leg. 
Seemed to me I'd heard of leg-pullin' 
in that connection, an' I jedged I 
might as well give it a try, so I told 
'em to go ahead with their absent 
treatment. Mebbe you can guess 
how tickled I was when that shoit 
leg actually began to grow by the 
follerin' week. It kep' on growin' 
steady, and within six months 1 was 



GREAT BERKSHIRE OFFERING. 

Scores upon scores of Fancy Daady 
Berkshire Spring Pigs now about ready 
for shipment. Price and aafeffuarda 
for customers are made perfectly sat- 
isfactory. 

My experience with pigc reaches 
b xkwarc" forty-one years. I give all 
my time and attention to the 'ousineas. 
I realize the policy, aside from prin- 
ciple, of having satisfied customers. If 
you want fancy breeding, accompanied 
with individual merit at popular 
prices, write me, as I have some of the 
blood ef all the Grandees. 




THOS. S WHITE 



FASSIPKRN STOCK 
AND POULTRY FARM, 

Buy some genuine Pekin Duck Eggs from me at 
get on the road to fortune. 



Lexington, Va. 

*l for 12 and thereby 



Brompton Stock Farm. 

Several two year old Jersey heifers, calves by side, of superl.^r quality. 
Two year old Jersey bull and a yearling Jersey Bull — all of Golden Lad 
strain. 

Also a fine lot of high grade Guernsey and Jersey heifers, one and two 
year old. These heifers are from first- class cows and will make superler 
dairy cows. 

Berkshire Pigs not akin. Collie and Fox Terrier puppies — all of above 
ready for shipment. Come and see them. 

M. B. ROWE & CO, Fredericksburg, Va. 



FOR SAIiKt 



SIX BERKSHIRE GILTS. 

FINE INDIVIDrALS. 

TWO BOARS. 

Forest Home Farm, '•"^^^^^N''IA'-^• 



Every Farmer Should Have His Own Thresher 

"LittlQ Giaot" Threshei- runs with light power (ind will clean all kinds of graiu— 1 
wheat, rje, oats, rice, llai, barley, kaflir coru and grass seeds. AUachments for E 
' threshing cow pcaa and for "pulling" peanuts. Made in three sizes — for 3, 6 and ^ | 
H. P. Gasoline Engine. Any power can be used. Tv'e also make Level-Tread Powers. 
Feed and Ensilage Cutters, Saw Machines, etc. Send fur FRKE catalogue. 
HEEBNKilt .t 80N&, 25 Broad ftt., Lan^dale, Pa. 



824 



THE SOUTHEKISr PLANTEE 



[September, 



ROSE DALE HERD 
ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE 

W* offer to the farmers and breeders ef the East strictly choice 
Toung Regrlstered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable ag'e. Tfa«7 
are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. 
Many ef them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Mas- 
ter n. of Meadow Breok; Gay Lrf>rd, Jr.; Heather Lad IL, Zaire V., 
Ermine Bearer. Blackbird of Corskle IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, 
Coquette X., Ktc. 

They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. 
Come and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. V7e can 
please you. Angus Cattle are our specialty. We raise ne ether 
stoclr. but give them our undivided personal attertlon. 

To avoid Inbreeding we offer an exceptionally good herd ball. 
Write for particulars. Address 

iOlB. 0\Le sri>CK FARVIS, JEFFBRSONrON, VA. 




again in Broomwich with two ekal 
legs an' a heart full of gritituds lor 
them kind ladies. Well, tUey was 
gone. I never had no chance lo 
thank 'em. I didn't mind that so 
much, but in another month, I seen 
my left leg was still a-growia' — did- 
n't know enough to stop 1 v^ent to 
Broomwich in a hurry, an' tried to 
find out where they'd moved, but 
nobody knowed. Well, good day, 
mum, I'll be joggin' along, for I've 
got to find them old ladies and switch 
their treatment on the other leg. 
Needn't tell me thr's nothing in 
Christian Science!" 

— September J^ippincott's. 



Boston, Mass., May 11, 1908. 
Tuttle's Elixir Co., 

27 Beverly St., 
Boston, Mass. 
Gentlemen: 

For some time I have felt that It 
would only be fair to you to express 
In writing the very satisfactory re- 
sults that I have derived from the 
use of your Elixir, both family and 
veterinary. I had a very valuable 
horse that went lame; I called in 
two reputable veterinaries and both 
gave it as their opinion that he had 
a jack spavin. I was not satisfied that 
such was the cause and you may re- 
call my driving the horse down to 
your office, when you diagnosed the 
case as "stifle lameness." The 
case was entirely cured by the use ot 
your Elixir as directed and the horse 
was sold for a large price In New 
York. 

I have recently had great success 
in the cure of a case of shoulder 
lameness without blistering or the 
use of a seton, and I have also found 
the same of great value in treating 
two of my little dogs for rheumatism. 
I would not be without Tuttle's 
either in my house or stable as ex- 
perience has taught me beyond a 
question that it is the best remedy 
for the purposes outlined that I have 



OTHER HERDS C03IE AND GO BUT THE OLD ESTABLISHED 

SUNNY HOME HERD 






OF 



ABERDEEN ANGUS CATTLE 

Continues steadily along furnishing cattle of the better class and choicest 
breeding at the very lowest prices consistent with high quality. Two better 
bred bulls than "Baron Roseboy" 57666, and "Jester," 60071, are not owned in 
the South, and the females of the herd were sired by some of the most fa- 
mous bulls of the breed. Young calves only for sale. 



A. L. FRENCH, Owner, 
Station, Draper, N. C. at the farm. 



R. F. D., ByrdvlUe, Va. 



THE GROVE FARM. 

H0LSTeiN=FRieslAN5. 




Four registered Bull Calves from 2 
to 3 months old out of heavy milkers, 
for sale. Let me price you one. 



Registered 

Betkshites. 

Future delivery orders only, taken 
at present. *"* ~" 

0. SANDY, B URKEVILLE, VA. 
N. & W. and Sonthern Railways. 



Silver Spring Farm 

Registered Shropshire Ram Lambs 

For sal'P from Ewes of Mr. H. L. Wardwell's 
breeding. They are as well bred as any In thia 
country. 

Although my sale Is over, there are som« 
Shorthorns on the farm for sale. Both sexes. 
Some very fine Cows at fair prices. 

ROBERT R. SMITH, Proprietor, 
Chnrlea Town, W. Va., or WIckltffe, Vm. 




AVlien corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



1908.] THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER 825 



MORVEN PARK ESTATE. 

TK© Property ©f WESTMORELAND DAVIS. Esq. 



A Selection of Stock Will be Exhibited at the Forthcoming VIRGINIA STATE FAIR, 

RICHMOND, VA.. Oct. 5-10 1908, • 

IncIudiDg a selection of YEARLING GUERNSEY BULLS AND BULL 
CALVES which will be offered for sale. They are well grown animals of excellent 
quality, sired by our Herd Bulls — Imported "France's Jewel VIII" and Imported "Top 
Notch" and out of Advanced Register or other deep milking dams. They have all been 
recently tested by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and bear the official 
tag of being free from Tuberculosis. 

Also a selection of REGISTERED DORSET HORN SHEEP including a pen 
of four Ram Lambs for sale— sired by Imported "MORVEN'S BEST'MIst'lEuglish 
Royal and twice 1st at Richirond, Virginia. These'^lambs are exceptional quality, 
grand bone and fine wool and fit to head any flock. 

Also a selection of IMPROVED LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRES- -Including 
some very fine young boars and weanling pigs for sale. 

The public is cordially invited to inspect the various exhibits and to address 
enquiries at the Show to the attendant in charge. 



Correspondence should be addressed to 

LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT, MORVEN PARK ESTATE, 

LEESBURG, LOUDOUN CO., VA 



826 



THE southee:n" plaittee 



[September, 




WOODSIDE BERKSHIRES 

E VERYTHINO SHIPP E D ON APPROVAL. 

IT WILL PAY YOU TO READ THIS CAREFULLY. 

In order to make room for our fall litters, we 
will, for the next thirty days offer a grand lot of 
pigs from 2 to 4 months old for 25% less than our 
usual price. These pigs are sired by our 3 boars, 
Charmers Premier 94553 2 years old, weight 720 lbs , Master Lee 79379, weighing over 700 lbs. 
and Lustre's Carlisle 72057 and out of royally bred sows weighing from 500 to 600 lbs. each. 

We can always furnish pigs not akin. In order to show our confidence in what we offer 
and insure satisfaction to our customers, we ship on approval. You neld not send check until 
after you receive the pigs, and if they are not entirely satisfactory in every respect, you can re- 
turn them at our expense and it costs you absolutely nothing. We leave it to you whether this 
is a fair proposition. Address 

WOODSIDE STOCK FARM, R. S. Fariih, Prop., Charlottesville, Va. 



yet run across, and in the treatment 
of animals from a humanitarian 
point of view alone, it is worth its 
weight in gold. 

You may make any use of this 
letter that you wish and I shall be 
glad to give my experience to any one 
that you may refer to us. With kind 
regards, I am 

Yours very truly, 

F. R. P. ELLIS. 



A RBMINISCONCE. 

Memory takes me back to the 
severe drought of the summer of 
1838. After the tobacco crop had 
been planted and had hardly taken 
root, the drought came on. The to- 
bacco buyers (manufacturers and ex- 
porters), became alarmed and prices 
for the old crop went to double or 
even higher than normal. 

It was the custom of that time for 
the wealthy to spend some months 
at the White Sulphur Springs, as 
there were no railroads and nothing 
but circuitous stage coach lines, they 
used their private carriages. 

I heard it said of Mr. Jno. M. 
Warwick, one of the largest (if not 
the largest) exporters of tobacco in 
Lynchburg, that he left home early 
in July, before any relief had come. 
Travelling slowly through the coun- 
ties of Bedford and Botetourt, then 
comparatively new sections, where 
tobacco was principally planted, and 
fine crops of the best quality were 
almost invariably secured. The 
season changed early in August. On 
his return late in September, Mr. W. 
reported that on his way up he 
passed large fields planted in tobacco 
and near the roadside he could only 
see small plants still alive. On his 
return late in September, he reports: 
I never saw finer crops being cut 
and cured any where. Our farmers 



FARMS, 



BILTMORE, N. C. 



Jerseys 



The high standard and show yard qualities of our Jerseys 
are known far and wide as the Jersey breed. 

Tlie Biltmore Jerseys are business Jerseys. 

During the past year our Iverd, including a large number of heifers and 
the dry cows, averaged 5,358.90 pounds of 5.38 per cent. milk. 

There are 37 Churn-Tested Cows now at work in the herd. 

A few young bulls and heifers, and also bred heifers for sale. 

^^CfnShtyeS^^ ®*'^^ have some beauties for sale — Boars and Sows. 

Barred and White Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes. A 
splendid assortment of 1808 males and females for sale. 

White and Brown Leghorns. Of these we have only cockerels for sale. 

Send for prices and so forth. Address — 

BILTMORB FARMS, R. F. D. No. 2, BUtmore, N. C. 



Qlenburn Berkshires. 

Lord Premier and Premier Longfellow are dead, but we have their best 
sons. Our LORD PREMIER HI is not only a son of Lord Premier, but 
is a litter mate to Lord Premier II. and a brother in blood to Lord Prem- 
ier's Rival. Our PREDOMINANT and DOMINANT are probably the best 
sons of Premier Longfellow. IMP. ROYAL HUNTER is a great indi- 
vidual. We have Lord Premier. Premier, Longfellow, Masterpiece, Cham- 
br's Duke XXIII., and fine imported sows. 

FORFARSHIRE GOLDEN LAD JERSEYS. 

Write for Catalogue. 

Dr. J. D, KIRK, Roanoko, Va. 



Duroc S^ne For Sale. 

Durocs are the most prolific hogs on earth. They are also the most popular 
breed to-day because they give the largest returns in profits of any 
breed. Our sows averaged over ELEVEN pigs to the litter this year. We 
have the largest and most fashionably bred in the East. Sows. Gilts Herd 
Boars, and Pigs from eight to twenty-eight weeks old. Write for catalogue. 

LESLIE D. KLINE, Vauclusc, Va. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



827 



Incorporated 1907. " STANDARD OP EXCELLENCE." 

THE VIRGINIA STOCK FARm 

incorporated, 
Bellevue, Bedfotd_^County, Virginia, 

J. EI/LIOTT HALiIi, General Managrer. 



Capital Stock 9100,000. 




Copyright 1908 
By 
The Virginia Stock Farm Co., 



Inc. 



POLAND-CHINA GILTS. 

Standard Types of the young mat- 
rons. 



Drawing by John W. HUla. 



"INAUGURAL ANNOUNCEMENT" 

Is the name of our first catalogue. It treats of the objects and purposes of The Virginia Stock Farm Co., 
Inc., and tells In a pleasing manner the reasons which lead to the founding of a concern which promises to 
play a vitally important part in advancing the live- stock industry in this historic Commonwealth. 

THIS BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE. 

Will interest every one who is a farmer or an admirer of high class live-stock. It will be of material 
assistance to new breeders, as it tells which breeds are best adapt-jd to the requirements of Virginia farmers. 
It is profusely illustrated with pictures of Standard Types of those particular breeds, made from original draw- 
ings by such world-renowned artists as George Ford Morris and John W. Hills. It will be 

MAILED FREE UPON REQUEST. 

Just write us a post-card giving your name; your address, either post-office box, rural route or street 
number; your city; county and State, and mention The Southern Planter when writing. Address the company 
as above, or the General Manager. Write to-day before you forget it. 

DO IT NOW! 

J. ELLIOTT HALL, BELLEVUE, VIRGINIA. 



828 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



in some sections may be discouraged 
at present, but let us sincerely hope 
and trust that two months hence con- 
ditions will be all that they can de- 
sire. 

A. L. L. 



ERRATA. 

Please correct the following mis- 
print in Article No. 2, published in 
July Goyarre for "Gayaare," the 
Louisianna historian, whose name is 
French, with accent on the final e. 



A PERSISTENTLY GOOD MAGA- 
ZINE. 
Lippincott's Magazine "pursues 
the even tenor of Its way" regard- 
less of summer's heat or financial 
panic, each successive number being 
just as big, just as carefully edited, 
just as wholly satisfying. The Sep- 
tember issue has for its leading 
feature a stirring detective novel by 
Nevil Monroe Hopkins — "The In 
vestigation at Holman Square." It 
is published complete, of course, as 
is everything in Lippincott's. Dr. 
Hopkins's story has to do with a 
mysterious murder in New York City. 
His hero, a young electrician, be- 
comes mixed up in it in a perfectly 
innocent way, yet he is placed under 
arrest and for a time finds himself 
in a serious position. The girl he 
loves is likewise brought under 
suspicion, as are a number oi others. 
In fact, the plot is so cleverly com- 
plicated that the reader who can 
forecast the outcome will have gooJ 
reason to pride himself on his 
astuteness. The mystery is finally 
solved by Mason Brant, a private 
detective, who has figured in at least 
two other detective yarns by the 
author. 

Among the shorter stories is "The 
Great God News," the tale or a war- 
correspondent by a war-correspon- 
dent — Will Levington Comfort. 
"Memories," by Fannie Heasiip Lea, 
is a delightful love story with an 
unexpected denouement. "The Chil' 
of a Widow," by Lucy Copinger; 
"Deported," by H. C. Stickney, and 
"The Disaffection of Adelaide," by 
Laura Simmons, are also uncommon- 
ly good stories. 

Of offerings other than fiction, 
there are "Socrates," the story of 
a pet owl, by .Jennie Brooks; "Zel- 
phine in Warwickshire," a charming 
travel sketch, by Anne Hollingsworth 
Wharton, and others by Jane Bel- 
field, Herman Scheffauer and Robert 



^ RK POLLS %^ 

In order to encourage the sale of pure-bred stock at the Virginia 
State Fair, Richmond, I will offer 

9 HEAD or 

GRAND RED POLLS 



for sale, running from 6 months to 6 years of age, some of them prize- 
winners, including two champions; unexcelled in breeding and individ- 
ality. I will also offer 7 head of Royally bred 

POLAND-CHINAS. 



H. M. liUTTRELili, Ivanhoe Stock Farm, Delaplane, "Va 



RED POLL CATTLE. 




I offer for sale 1 three-year-old bull, 
4 cows, 2 two-year-old and 3 yearling 
heifers; also 3 heifer calves. All regis- 
tered and eligible to registry in Red 
Poll Herd Book. Choice breeding and in 
good condition. Fine opportunity for es- 
tablishing a herd. Will sell lot or 
single individuals. Foundation stock 
selected from best Ohio herd. 



JOS. E. WILLARD. 
Address: 
A. C. Bleight, Snpt., Fairfai 



V«. 



EXCELLENT " 

SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS. 

By the Scotch topped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by the old reliable breed- 
ers P S Lewis & Son, as the best bull ever bred on their farm) by the 
International winner, Frantic Lad, son of The Lad for Me, champion oi 
America in 1900. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows. 

Pure Yearling SOUTHDOAVN RAMS by Senator, a prize winner in Can- 
ada as a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Drummond, the 
foremost Southdown breeder in America. 

TO REDUCE THE ELLERSLIE STUD 

One dozen good, big-boned thoroughbred Mares by Eolus, imp^ Charaxus and 



produce good hunters; bred to trotters, good roadsters; bred to hackneys, 
good carriage teams; bred to draft stallions, good express and work teams; 
bred to jacks, the best mules on earth. 

R. J. HANCOCK & SON, "Ellcrslie." Charlottesville, Va. 



When corre-sponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



FL Lewis Stock Farm 

THE BEST PLACK FOR BLOOD AND RHGISTKRUD 

BERHSHIRES 

White Leghorn, all breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black 
Minorca and Rhode Island Red Fowl». Kggrs from these 
pure-blooded birds for sale. 

DR. W. L. NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM, VA. 





1908.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK 



829 



ESTABLISHED 1890. 




McCOMB & BLOCK 

con HUSSION MERCHaiVTS 

CATTLE, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, FRESH 

COWS, CALVES 

In Carloads and Small Lots. 

To Buyers of Live Stock: We solicit correspondence from 
those wishing to buy Stock Cattle. Feeding Steers, Breed- 
ing Ewes, Feeding Wethers and Lambs; In fact, if you wish 
any kind of Cattle, Sheep or Hogs, we will sell them to you 
at lowest market prices. Pure-Bred HAMPSHIRE RAMS 
ready for delivery. 

OFFICE ania pens: 
luniioni STOCK vaRDS, RicnmoNO, viRCiivia, 

'PHONES: OFFICE 1394; RESIDENCE 3229; P. O. EtjX.183 



Adger Bowen. There are also some 
«iceilent poems and the humorous de- 
partment, "Walnuts and Wine." This 
last feature is unique inasmuch as 
every jingle, jest, and anecdote in it 
Is signed by the writer thereof. Fully 
half of the contributions are by un- 
known authors, the only requisite fov 
admission being merit. This does 
not mean that the well-know fun- 
makers are not represented, however. 
Thomas L. Masson, W. J. Lampton, 
and most of the other prominent 
humorists now before the public, 
contribute to it regularly. 



Quite the most interesting bit in 
the alluring pages of the September 
St. Nicholas is the story of how that 
dearest of all children's classics, 
"Alice in Wonderland," came to be 
written, told by Henel Marshall 
Pratt. It is a charming tale of the 
friendship of a quiet, reserved, book- 
ish young lecturer at Christ Church 
College, Oxford, and of three dear 
children, daughters of the dean oi 
the cathedral. 

Boating on the river, with tea on 
the banks, and story telling along 
the way, was the favor.' re play of 
these four comrades; and of the 
many, stories told on these outings 
the adventures of "A.Hce in Wonder- 
land" were written dowi to please 
little Alice Liddell, second of the 
children, later finding their way into 
print. 

*'So little did the author under- 
stand what a wondorfnlly mgsuious 
and fascinating book he had wr-'ien, 
that he did not expect the first edi- 
tion would ever be sold. But the 
two thousand books were very quick- 
ly disposed of. Every one wanted 
to read 'Alice,' and to have his 
friends read it. Not only little 
children, but grown people euj^iyed 



OR SALE. 



We offer an exceptional opportunity to purchase at one-half price or less, 
all of the stock on this Farm, Including i 

A HERD OF REG. SHORTHORNS — Herd bulls; bull calves, cows and 
heifers. 

PERCHBRON STALLION, MARES AND FILLIES. 

BERKSHIRE SWINE, herd Boar pigs, etc 

All these animals are in fine order, and many are being fitted for show, 
but will be sold any time before. 

This farm and all implements and improvements are also for sale at 



reasonable and easy terms. 



BLOOMFIELD STOCK FARM, 



Jas.^H. Frazer« 



Cartersville, Va. 



THE HOLLINS HERD 



HIGH-CLASS HOLSTEIIM-FRtESmiMS. 

-^ A working herd — working every day In the year. 

During the months of April, May, June and July we milked 

5 mature cows, 

8 heifers with second calf, 

6 heifers with first calf. 
Total number milked, 19. 
Gallons of milk per day, 80. 
Per cent, of butter fat, 4.2. 

Bull Calves Two to Nine Months Old For Sale 

JOS. A. TURNER, General Manager, 



Holllna Institute, 



Hollins, Va. 



DON'T BUY GASOLINE ENGINES 



UNTIL YOU INVE8TIGATK 
"THE MASTER WORKMAN,'» 

a two-cylinder gaeollne, terosena oe 

arehalf that of single cylinder engines, with greater durability. COBiC 

mounted on any waRon. It 18 a combination portable, stationary or tracttOA 
- "oth St»., ChicaKO. THIS IS OUK FIFTT-FIFIH YEAB. 



830 



THE SOUTIIERE" PLANTEE 



[September, 



it, and edition after edition tins teen 
printed and sold, and to-ilay it is 
even more sought after than when it 
was first published. It his l-c-corae 
a classic and holds a place on chil- 
dren's book shelves with IJobinson 
Crusoe' and 'Hans Christian Ander- 
sen.' There Is not a spot in Ihe 
civilized world, not a librai'v with 
any pretension to literature wh^re 
the Jabberwock and the Cheshire 
Cat are unknown. 

The frontispiece of this September 
issue is a reproduction of Elizabeth 
Sparhawk-Jones's "Roller Skates," 
which was exhibited at the one hun- 
dred and third annual exhibition of 
the Pennsylvania Academy of the 
Fine Arts. 



The September Century's leading 
article is the first popular account 
given to the public of the Wright 
brothers' aeroplane, written by 
themselves and liberally illustrated 
with pictures from photographs sup- 
plied by the authors. Their ex- 
periments — which are among the 
most interesting and important nov/ 
being carried on in the scientific 
world — place these men at the head 
of American aviators; and their 
article is of special interest in vie»v 
of the fact that they have contracted 
to deliver to the United States 
Government a machine, the trials of 
which are planned for late August. | 

Of far reaching interest and im 
portance in the September Century 
is the discussion of "The Future i 
Wheat Supply of the United States," 
by Edward C. Parker, of the Uni- 
versity of Minnesota Agricultural 
Experiment Station. He points out 
the many means which may be 
utilized to meet the future demands 
for wheat, prophesying that agricul- 
ture, still only in its infancy, is 
bound sooner or later to have a rapid 
and widespread development, and 
that the limit of its possibilities will 
be extended by each succeeding gen- 
eration. Since writing the article 
Mr. Parker has been called to Man- 
churia by the Chinese authorities to 
organize an experiment station. 

Two notable biographical articles 
in the September Century are 
William H. Crook's reminiscences of 
"Andrews Johnson in the White 
House" (written by Margarita Spald- 
ing Gerry), and "The Early Life of 
Robert Fulton," by Alice Crary 
Sutcliffe, great-granddaughter of the 
inventor. 

"The Reminiscences of Lady 
Randolph Churchill" are In Septem- 
ber, as in the previous months, an 
absorbingly interesting feature of 
the Century Magazine. 



mOVND CITY STOSK FARIU 

ShireS; Percherons, Belgians, Coach and 
Hackney Stallions* 

I will sell at my barn 
cheaper than any other firm 
In America. The reason I can 
sell cheaper is because my 
father lives in England, and 
he can buy them for me and 
save all middlemen's prflts. 
There is no place in America 
that you can make a better 
selection than at my place, 
for I handle five different 
breeds. My draft stallions 
weigh from 1700 to 2200 lbs; 
my high-steppingr Hackneys 
and Coachers w^eigh fiom 1200 
to 1400 lbs. If you are In need 
of a good stallion tn your 
community, write and tell me 
your wants, and I will try 
and place one there. I will 
give you plenty of time to 
pay for the horse. Every 
horse is backed up with an 

iron clad guarantee, and all of them are good enough to win in any company. 

Correspondence solicited, and visitors welcome. If a good stallion Is wanted 

in your community please write me. 

W. B. BlTI.L,OCK. Proprietor. MotindJiTnif. W. Vn. 





Howard Co., Md., Feb. 24, 1908. 
I would not like to stop having 
the Southern Planter in oar home. 
J. CLIFTON DAY. 







BLUE GRASS FARMS 




Some 


of our best blue grass farms range in 


price as follows, on easy | 


terms if desired 












387 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$4,000. 


Price 


$21,000. 




195 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$5,500. 


Price $10,000. 




300 


acres, 


Improvements worth 


$5,500. 


Price 


$18,000. 




485 


acres, 


you can borrow 70 p 


er cent 


imp. 


worth $6,500. 


Price $34,000. 


342 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$7,000. 


Price 


$20,000. 




485 


1-2 acres, improvements wo 


rth $7,000. Price %25,000. 




254 


acres, 


improvements worth. 


$3,000. 


Price 


$6,300. 




264 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$1,000. 


Price 


$7,000. 




277 


acres. 


improvements worth 


$4,500. 


Price 


$8,000. 




600 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$3,000. 


Price 


$12,000. 




227 


acres. 


Crops, stock and improvements worth $4,000. Price $10,000. | 


315 


acres, 


improvements worth 


$5,000. 


Price 


$10,500. 




497 


3-4 acres, price $25,000. 










387 


acres, 


price $8,500. 










546 


acres. 


price $20,000. 










300 


acres, 


price $10,000. 










Crops 


, stock 


and everything can 


be had 


with farm in a good many cases. J 


Northern V 


rginia Stock Farms 


and Co 


untry 


Homes near 


"Washington a 


Specialty. 














P. B. 


BUKLL & SON, 


Herndon, Fairfax Co 


, Vlrsinla 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



831 



F- »"'ij, 






M's 



'Mm 



FOR PROTECTSNG CATTLE AGA8NST BLACKLEG. 



SliVfl 

NO DOSE TO MEASURE. NO LIQUID TO SPILL NO STRING TO ROT. 



KRESO DIP FOR ALL LIVE STOCK 

Kills Lice, Mites and Fleas. Cures Mange, Scab, Ringworm. Disinfects, Cleanses, Purifies. 



ANTHRAXOIDS 



A SAF" 



AisiTMRA>c vaooiime: 



FOR PROTECTING HORSES, MULES, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS AND SWINE AGAINST ANTHRAX. 

WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLET! UPON THESE PRODUCTS. 



Blanches: 

New York, Kansas City, Baltimore, 

New Orleans, Boston, Chicago, 

St. Louis and 

Minneapolis, U. S. A. 



RARKE, DAVBS St CO. 

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

DETROIT, - MICHIGAN, - U.S.A. 



branches: 

London, Eng. Walkerville, Ont. 

Montreal, Que. Sydney, N. S. W. 

St. Petersburg, Russia. 

Bombay, India. 



"THE SOLE OF STEEL." 

This is the title of a little 
brochure issued by the Steel Shoe 
Co., Racine, Wis., in the interest ot 
its Steel Shoe, advertised in this 
issue. Not all of our readers are 
familiar with this remarltable shoe. 
To those who are not, we suggest 
that you refer to the ad and send for 
the booklet. There are many rea- 
sons set forth in it why those who 
have rough work to do should wear 
"The Sole of Steel." 



N 



RED POLL CATTLE. 



Col. Jos. E. Willard, State Cor- 
poration Commissioner, is offering 
some choice Red Polls in this issue. 
He has taken great pains to get gooa 
stock and keep it good. Many of 
our readers have seen it at the fair. 
This is a good opportunity to secure 
something in this popular breed at 
reasonable prices. 



The Manlove automatic gate ad- 
vertised in this paper is rapidly com- 
ing into general use in this State; 
Albemarle county having more than 
twenty-five. It is a safe and money 
making investment as the gate can 
be returned if not satisfactory and it 
quickly pays for itself in time act- 
ually saved. 



Don't Buy a Stove or Mange Until Yoe FirsS See 

How Mecti 
Yoii Save 



By Getting 



Direct to'Kni'' 



TRADE M ARK RE G ISTER E D 



YOU want to make every cent you spend this year, count for quality and 
economy. 

If you need a stove or range, don't buy until you get our factory prices. 

I promise you that I will save you $5, S6 or $10 on our smallest stoves, and as 
high as $18, $20 and even $30 on our largest. And I promise you that you cannot 
get anywhere at any price, a better stove or range than the Kalamazoo. 

Just let me quote you prices. Take our catalogue and compare the Kalamazoo 
quality and prices, with the best line of stoves and ranges you can find sold at 
retail. That will tell the story. You can see for yourself. You want to save money 
and you want to get high quality. Why not investigate our plan, then? Why not 
let me show you the difference between manufacturers' prices and retail prices 
on stoves or ranges? 

We sell to you, direct from the factory, at actual factory prices. 



On 



360 Days Approval Test— ^i^Pfji,,** 

I promise, in black and white, to refund your money — every cent 
of it— if you do not find your purchase in every way exactly as 
rcprc->ented. 

Kemember, every Kalamazoo is of the highest possible gr^ide. 
made of the best materials and in the best niauner. You deal 
directly with the manufacturers — a company that has a larger nuiu- ' 
ber ot individual customers than any other stove company in exis- 
tence. We have sold thousands of stoves and ranges to 
readers of this journal, and no doubt can refer you to near 
neighbors who have saved money by buying a Kalamazoo. 

Many customers write that they have saved enough on a single Kalamazoo to 
pay for a whole season's fuel. You can save enough to buy a new suit, a new 
dress, an article of furniture, or perhaps to pay your taxes. Is it not to your 
interest to get our prices? 

Send Postal for Catalogue No. 400 

describing more than 300 sizes and styles of Coal and "Wood Ranges, 
Coal and Wood Heaters, Hotel Rauges, Base Burners, Laundry 
Stoves, Etc. 

i know/that If you get our prices— and see our quality you will not 
even think of buying any other make. Let me show you how much you 
can save. 

William Thompson, Vice-Pres. & Gen. Mgr* 
KALAMAZOO STOVE CO., Mfrs. Kalamazoo, Micti* 




An Kalamazoo 
cook sto\es and 
ranges have pat- 
ent thermome- 
ters which make 
bakmv, and roast- 
ing easy. 




832 



THE SOUTHERIsT PLAlvTTER 



[September, 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 
All enquiries must reach us by the 
15th of the month previous to the is- 
sue, or they cannot be answered until 
the month following. 



KEEPING PUMPKINS — SWEET 

AND IRISH POTATOES. 

Will you please tell me how to 

keep pumpkins, sweet potatoes and 

Irish potatoes through the winter? 

F. L. R. 
Prince Edward county. 

Pumpkins are best kept in a dry 
cool, airy shed or barn, where they 
can be protected from frost. In this 
issue you will find advice as to 
keeping Sweet and Irish potatoes in 
the article "Work for the Month" 
in the Garden Department. — Ed. 



ADVICE AS TO CHANGE OF OC- 
CUPATION. 

I am a young man still in my 
twenties, unmarried, and am now in 
the brokerage business. I have been 
a tobacco farmer all my life up to 
three years ago, and desire to go 
back to the farm. I have a hundred 
acres of thin tobacco land in Pittsyl- 
vania county._^ Va., six miles from 
railroad. I realize that I must carry 
more stock than is necessary in that 
section, in order to increase the fer- 
tility of my soil. Would it be bet- 
ter for me to sell and buy nearer to 
railroad where dairying would be 
profitable, or could I use my 100 
acres to advantage in this way this 
distance from railroad? Have had 
no experience farming except to- 
bacco raising. Would it be a good 
idea for me to spend a month or so 
on a farm with some up-to-date, 
progressive farmer before settling? 
I read the Southern Planter and 
Practical Farmer with much inter- 
est. 

Any advice from you will be high- 
ly appreciated. 

J. S. THOMPSON. 

New Hanover Co., N. C. 

It is always a difficult matter to 
advise a man whom I do not know 
in regard to land that I do not 
know. It is always a risky matter 
too, for a man to take up a line of 
work with which he is unfamiliar. 
There is an impression among the 
bright tobacco men, and I suppose 
("hat in Pittsylvania you grow bright 
tobacco, that the improvement of 
the land with peas or clover makes 
their tobacco of poor quality. I do 
not believe it, for any one of them 
will clear a pine thicket for the sake 
of the humus it has accumulated 
for tobacco, and I know that the 
humus made from the decay of peas 
and clover is better than that from 
pine trees. But they fail to realize 
that a crop of legumes has left as 
much nitrogen in the soil as they 
would get in a ton of the 3-8-3 fer- 



United Stales College of Veterinary Surgeons 




WASHINGTON, D. C. 

C. B. ROBINSON, V. S. President. 
M. PAGE SMITH, D. V. S, Secretary. 
GEO. A. PREVOST, LL. B., Treasurer 

Session 1908-09, begins 
October 1. The only Yet- 
erinar)^ College South of 
Philadelphia and East of 
Mississippi. Graduates 
fitted for Private practice 
and all Government 
Positions. 

For catalogue and any further in- 
formation 

aODRESS, 

C. B4RNWELL ROBINSON, 

V. S. Dean. 
No. 222 C. Street, Northwest, 
WASHINGTON, D. 0. 




NATIONAL 

Water Supply 
System. 

FARMERS, LET US IN- 
STALL OUR GREAT COM- 
PRESSED AIR SYSTEM OF 
WATER SUPPLY IW YOUH 
RESIDENCE, BARN, DAIRY 
OR OTHER BUILDINGS. 






It will furnish you an abundance of water for all pur- 
poses from any source. "Write pa, giving depth and capacity 
of your well or spring, and we will cheerfully submit an 
estimate and make suggestions aa to your requirements. 
Satisfaction Gnarantecd. 
DAVIDSON, BURNLEY « CO., RICHMOND, VA. 
610 East Main Street. 



Tfeijftest 
MatiiPial' 

aiid " 



Dederick's Baling Presses are made from high-grade 
materials — a vital matter frequently neglected. They 
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1908.] 



THE SOUTHERIi PLANTER 



833 



tilizer many of them use, and they 
apply just as much fertilizer as 
ever. I would go to work on that 
land and practice a good rotation, 
keep as much stock as I could raise 
forage for and grow peas for this 
purpose. But it would probably be 
better to put a corn crop in between 
the peas and tobacco to prevent an 
excess of nitrogen. If I found that 
growing tobacco forced me to keep 
the land poor, I would quit tobacco 
forever, and grow crops that would 
let me improve the soil. It would 
be an advantage to you to spend 
some time on a good dairy farm if 
you wish to learn dairying, and 
there is such a farm owned and man- 
aged by Mr. Shuford, near Newton, 
in Catawba county, N. C. Probably 
one of the best in the South. Dairy- 
ing is not advisable at a distance 
from a railroad, but whether you 
should sell your land and buy else- 
where is a matter I cannot settle for 
yon. Probably it would be better 
to farm your land and improve it 
and grow tobacco. But this is a 
matter that you must settle fci 
yourself. 

W. F. MASSEY. 



TO PREVENT SKIPPERS. 

Will you kindly advise me as to 
the best way to keep hams and 
bacon free from skippers? 

My meat is properly salted and 
smoked, and tied in good, heavy 
cotton sacks, but for all that, after 
the first year, I find it next to im- 
possible to keep the skippers out. 

X. Y. Z. 

Westmoreland Co., Va. 

The hams and bacon should have 
borax sprinkled on them before be- 
ing bagged. Dust it all over the 
flesh side and the skippers will be 
repelled. — Ed. 



VINEGAR MAKING. 
What is the surest method to 
turn apple cider to vinegar in the 
quickest time? How would you 
prepare Irish potatoes to keep them 
from rotting when spread on the 
floor? 

ROBT. M. DANIEL. 
Prince George Co., Va. 

Write to the Director of the Ex- 
periment Station, Blacksburg, Va., 
and ask him to send you the bulle- 
tins they have issued on vinegar 
making. 

If Irish potatoes are free from di- 
sease when dug and are dry when 
stored, they need no other prepara- 
tion to make them keep other than to 
protect them from frost and water. 
In this issue in the article "Work 
for the Month" in the Garden De- 
partment, you will find advice on 
the subject. We have kept hun- 
dreds of bushels in the way de- 



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834 



THE SOUTHEKN" PLANTEE 



[September, 



scribed there up to May or June of 
the year following. It is very es- 
sential to sort out all diseased and 
damaged tubers before storing, or 
they will soon cause all the pota- 
toes to rot. If a crop has been 
struck by the blight before digging, 
they will not keep. Some people 
dust them with air slaked lime be- 
fore storing, but we don't think thia 
necessary. — Ed. 

GREEN FALLOW FOR "WHEAT. 

Can you tell me in your Septem- 
ber issue what I can sow with my 
wheat and corn stubble that will 
produce a crop that I can turn un- 
der by middle to last of July of 
next year, which will give me am- 
monia and vegetable matter? Will 
red clover do, sown from 1st to 10th 
of October? Would vetch answer, 
or would it damage the wheat crop? 
You no doubt will advise against 
turning under green matter at that 
season of the year, but I will take 
care of that. I follow a four year 
rotation, two in wheat and want to 
turn under a green crop with first 
years wheat stubble. 

H. B. C. GENTRY. 

Rockingham Co., Va. 

Red clover is practically all the 
crop. The best way to provide 
to plow down in the July following 
the harvesting of the wheat, and 
we doubt very much the profitable- 
ness of this, as the crop to be then 
plowed down will have made but a 
light growth and will provide but 
little food for the following wheat 
crops. The best way to proviac 
nitrogen and vegetable matter for 
the crop to follow the wheat, is to 
prepare the stubble well by plow- 
ing deeply and working finely as 
soon as the wheat is cut and then 
to apply 250 pounds of Acid Phos- 
phate and sow cowpeas. This will 
ensure a good growth of peas which 
should then be cut into the land 
with a disc or cultivating harrow in 
September and the wheat be sown 
without replowing the land. Vetches 
, sown with the wheat would have 
made most of their growth when 
the wheat was ready to harvest, 
and the crop would be harvested 
with the wheat and there would be 
little to plow down. — Ed. 



ALFALFA GROWING. GRAPES 

ROTTING. PUMPKINS. BUT- 
TER MAKING. 
I have seen several articles in re- 
gard to alfalfa growing, but none 
quite seem to meet my case. Will 
you kindly advise me as to the most 
economical method to follow, as 1 
am only renting? There is an acre 
of land with quite a good bit of al- 
falfa and red clover on it . Last 
year the hogs got in it and uprooted 
it somewhat, but have been able to 



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Address: 

WOODSIDE STOCK FARM 

R. S. PARISH, Prop , - - - - CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA. 



TELL, THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



835 



4<H'<HHiH*JW<H'l>KJ4<H<HHi-H>KJ'H>^-^^ 



1880 



SAVAGE SEEDS 



1908 



We have in stock the following varieties of new seed such as German or Crimson Clover, Seed Rye, Seed 
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s 



get two light crops this year. 1 
would like to keep it in alfalfa next 
year. How much seed, lime and 
manure would you advise? 

2. The grapes rotted badly this 
year. We did not get here in time 
to trim them. Was that the cause? 

3. Would it improve and make 
the head any larger to take off the 
two or three larger lower leaves of 
winter cabbage? 

4. The pumpkin vines bloom an 
right, then two or three little green 
worms come in the blossom and it 
drops off. Is there any preventative? 
tative? 

5. What is the cause of mealy 
or grainy butter? One time it will 
be all right and in two days, will 
be mealy. The cow gets good grass 
and plenty of fresh water. 

6. What do you consider the best 
way of getting rid of lice from old 
hens? 

L. G. BUNDY. 
Mecklenburg, Co., Va. 

1. Apply a ton of lime to the acre 
and harrow it in and let lay for a 
week and then apply 300 pounds of 
bone meal per acre and 20 pounds 
of alfalfa seed per acre and harrow 
in lightly. 

2. The cause of the rotting of the 
grapes was blight. ' The only way to 
prevent this is to spray with the 
Bordeaux mixture. la our March 
issue every year, we give advice as 
to the spraying of the different fruit 
crops, as that Is the time of the 
year when this work should be at- 
tended to. 

3. No. 

4. Use Paris Green on the plants 
to poison the worms. It can be 
either dusted on them or be mixed 
with water and sprayed on them. 

5. We d on't clearly understand 
what you mean by mealy or grainy 



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When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Plant«r. 



836 



THE SOUTHERl^ PLANTER 



[September, 



butter, and therefore are in a difii- 
culty about advising you. We think 
the trouble you complain of is pro- 
bably caused by not churning the 
cream at the right temperature, or 
possibly by not properly ripening 
the cream before churning. We 
don't think it is the fault of the 
cow. 

6. Dust them with insect powder. 
Let them have a dust bath in a dry 
sunny place to which they can re- 
sort and they will soon free them- 
selves from most of them. — Ed. 



EXTERMINATION OF FLEAS. 

Having seen in your June issue a 
query from "A Subscriber," from Not- 
toway county, relative to the extermi- 
nation of fleas, I would be glad for 
him to know that fleas will not live 
on the same place with Muscovy ducks. 
We were greatly troubled with fleas 
until a friend told us of this simple 
remedy, which we have tried with per- 
fect success for two years. We can 
'see no reason why it should be so, but 
the fact remains, and I hope it may 
prove as beneficial to him as it has 
been to us. 

A. W. C. TRICE. 

Albemarle Co., Va. ♦ 



TIME FOR GRAZING COW PEAS. 

The August issue of The Planter 
just received and read. In Enquirers' 
column I notice you advise turning 
hogs on cow peas and soy beans just 
as the first pods turn yellow. Now, 
wouldn't there be more feed and just 
as good to wait until about one-half 
or more are ripe? Right here I want 
to ask a question. I have a field of 
cow peas planted early, about 18th of 
May, drilled and cltivated three 
times. The ground was manured be- 
fore turning. Peas made very heavy 
growth, vining and forming a mass of 
vines, but only few peas, and then 
only around outer edges of patch and 
ends. 

Is this caused from too early plant- 
ing, or too rich soil; the ground was 
very light sandy loam. Can it be lack 
of mineral food? If so what kind? 
The "black pea" was the one planted. 

I also have about one acre soy. or 
soja bean (is there any difference in 
soy or soja) that are making an enor- 
mous growth, but as yet no signs of 
bloom. Is it time yet for them to 
bloom and bear? and do you think they 
will make as good crop by making 
such heavy growth? 

2. When is best time to apply lime 
on ground to be sown to Crimson 
Clover in this month or September? 
I want to sow in corn after taking 
fodder off, and also would like to lime 
land — if it is best to secure stand — 
before sowing. The land I want to 
.sow is in need of lime, and I want to 
know the best time to apply, before 
sowing, or after it was up. I would 
Shave more time to apply it in winter 



1. 




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COLD'FEVERi 

REMEDY 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



837 



time. I want to put land into peanuts 
■next year. What quantity would you 
advise using? Will I secure a stand 
l>y sowing clover seed in chaff in corn 
after taking all fodder off? Or will it 
be too late? Will gather about Sep- 
tember 1st. 

3. Will Hairy Vetch reseed itself if 
turned under now. Crop of last spring? 

4. I want to sow my peanut land to 
some cover crop for winter; land is 
light sandy loam, and is in need of 
"vegetable matter. Which is best to 
sow. Vetch or Rye, or some mixture? 
Will dig peanuts October, about mid- 
dle. Please advise which is most 
profitable to use. 

A SUBSCRIBER. 
Isle of Wight Co., Va. 

As to the time to turn hogs to peas. 
The reason we said "when the first 
pods are turning yellow is that in that 
■stage of growth the hogs will eat the 
vines better. When these get dry and 
hard the hogs tread them down seek- 
ing the peas, and thus waste a large 
part of the feed the crop supplies. 
The black pea never seeds as freely as 
the Clay or Whippoorwill or the newer 
varieties, and especially is this so 
where there is a very luxuriant growth 
of vines. The blooms are smothered. 
The only way to secure a crop Of seed 
Is to plant thin in rows and cultivate 
them, and then the sun and air get to 
the blooms and perfect them. This 
was illustrated in your crop where the 
outside vines carried the pods to ma- 
turity. The Soy or Soja bean (Soy is 
the modern and correct name) will 
grow until the weather becomes cooler 
and will then make beans and mature 
them just before frost. 

2. We would sow the Crimson Clover 
at once, and then after you have 
plowed the crop down apply the lime 
and work in as you prepare the land 
for the peanuts. Use a ton to the acre. 
You can sow Crimson Clover to the 
end of September. 

3. Yes. Hairy Vetch will reseed it- 
self plowed down now. 

4. Sow Vetch and a mixture of 
Wheat, Oats and Rye to make a cover 
crop upon peanut land. It will be 
too late to sow Crimson Clover. — Ed. 



SASSAFRAS FOR FENCE POSTS. 
On page 750, of Planter for August, 
S. R. Hill asks the durability of Sassa- 
fras posts. They are slightly more so 
than green old field pine. I know. In 
1866 I had an acre and half fenced 
with Sassafras posts, hewed square to 
•eight inches — good heart stuff. There 
was a belief that Sassafras was one of 
the durables, like Locust, Mulberry, 
Cedar, etc. They set eight feet apart, 
and six inch sixteen feet long oak 
boards nailed to them. In a very few 
years the fence laid down from end to 
end. I do not recall the time of year 
cut. That may have been a factor in 
their short life. 

WM. F. JACKSON. 
Amelia Co., Va. 




"^d^* 








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Out of Your Lands 

(^^.'t by making them yield the biggest possible crops. 

^:£T Grain must get the nourishment that makes it 
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put the food into the soil by liberally using 

Virginia-Carolina 

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Then a big bumper 
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Have you gotten the latest Vir- 
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TELL, THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



838 



THE SOUTHERl^ PLANTER 



[September, 



PEAR BLIGHT— WHEAT FERTIL- 
IZER—PEACH BORERS. 

1. Give best treatment knov/n for 
Pear Blight? Is there any fertilizer 
you could use on ground around tree 
that would be beneficial? 

2. What analysis of fertilizer will 
be best to use on low places in field to 
prevent M'heat from falling? 

3. At what times during the year 
should borers be taken from peach 
trees? 

SUBSCRIER. 
Botetourt Co., -Va. 

1. Cut out and burn all blighted 
wood. Then fertilize the trees with 
Acid Phosphate and Potash spreading 
a few pounds around each tree not 
near the trunk but out where the roots 
are feeding and work this into the 
ground. Not cultivating the orchard 
later than May in each year has been 
also found beneficial as tending to pre- 
vent a two rapid growth of new wood. 
There is no certain remedy for Pear 
Blight but these two methods of hand- 
ling the trees have given the best re- 
sults. 

2. A mixture of Acid Phosphate and 
Potash, say 250 pounds of Acid Phos- 
phate and 50 pounds of Muriate of 
Potash will tend to strengthen the 
straw and make it stand up better. 
It is an excess of Nitrogen in the soil 
which causes a weak luxuriant growth 
of straw. 

3. Early in the spring is the best 
time to kill the borers, to prevent lay- 
ing of eggs by the insect, when they 
emerge from their holes, but they 
should be attacked all the year round 
when they are found to be at work. — 
Ed. 



GRAZING OR FALLOWING COW 
PEAS— CRIMSON CLOVER. 

I have two acres in a very heavy 
growth of Cow Peas; they were plant- 
ed last of April and cultivated three 
times. I want to know best thin^ to 
do with them so as to put the ground 
into early Potatoes in February. I 
have hogs I wanted to turn in on them, 
but want my ground get best of it. 
Which is best, turn under now, or hog 
them down and turn this fall? Would 
such ground need as much Nitrogen In 
a fertilizer for early Potatoes? 

3. What is Crimson Clover seed 
worth in chaff per pound; no sticks 
or trash in it, and how much should 
be sowed to the acre? 

A SUBSCRIBER. 

Isle of Wight Co., Va. 

1. With such a heavy growth of Peas 
as you describe, we would graze with 
the hogs and then turn down in the 
fall. The crop used in this way will 
leave a large residue of fertility in tbe 
land, and you need not use Nitrogen 
so heavily in your potato fertilizer. 

2. We do not know what Crimson 
Clover is worth in the chaff. We have 
never known it sold in this way. 



GROUND PHOSPHATE ROOK. 

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Headquarters for Virginia Property. Fairfax Va. 

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VIRGINIA. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTIIERIsT PLANTER 



839 



though it is largely used by growers 
in this condition and makes excellent 
stands sown at the rate of from three 
pecks to a bushel to the acre. — Ed. 



GROWING FLAX IN VIRGINIA. 

Could you advise me through the 
columns of your valued periodical 
whether or not flax can be grown in 
Northern Virginia for its seed to be 
used as feed, if so should it be sown; 
how much seed per acre, also what 
land is best adapted, and whether fer- 
tilizer should be sown or not? 

JAS. W. NICOL, 

Loudoun Co., Va. 

Yes; flax can be grown in Virginia, 
though we do not know that it is 
grown anywhere in the State. We 
have tried it and know that it will 
grow here. It should be sowed on 
land suitable for small grain , like 
wheat and oats, and requires the soil 
to be in a good state of fertility, 
though not necessarily rich. Acid 
Phosphate and some Nitrogen will help 
it.— Ed. 



VARIETIES OF PEACHES FOR 
HOME CONSUMPTION. 

I should be glad if some of your 
nurserymen and expert fruit growers 
would give me a list of peaches for an 
orchard of one to five thousand trees — 
for a local market, rather than one at 
a distance. 

I should like to know in what pro- 
portion the varieties should be dis- 
tiibuted. 

Campbell Co., Va. I. 

For a local market you want varie- 
ties which will prolong your shipping 
season as much as possible, and these 
should be planted in such proportions 
as would give you your largest supply 
to come on the market after the 
Georgia crop has been disposed of. 
For a very early variety, plant Alex- 
ander or Greensboro. For early, plant 
Bishop and Early Crawford. For mid 
season, plant Elberta, Late Crawford 
and Stump. For late, plant Bilyen 
and Solway. The mid season varieties 
recommended will come in in your sec- 
•tion after the Georgia crop has gone 
to market and with the late varieties 
will give you a crop to market when 
your only competitors will be your 
neighbors in the Piedmont. — Ed. 



LAME COLT. 

I have a colt about three and one- 
half months old which is affected very 
curiously to me and I would be very 
glad if you would give me your ad- 
vice as to how to treat it, and as to 
'What is the matter with it. For about 
three weeks now he has been dragging 
his hind feet; seems to double his feet 
over and drag the hoof and then Jerks 
his leg us as if string-halted. Does 
not seem to have any trouble any other 
Tvay. 

GEO. J. ROBERTS. 

Mecklenburg Co., Va. 

The trouble, no doubt, arises from 



CLAUDE Q. STEPHENSON, 

Virginia Properties. Herndon, Va. 

Farms For Sale In Northern Virginia, within one to two hours 
run of the National Capital. 

LOUDOUN COUNTY, 

THE FAMOUS BLUE-QRASS REQION. 




180 acres of excellent blue grass land and most conveniently located" brick 
and stone buildings and in good shape; well watered and f f^np^ri • orw.^' „^it 



ard. Price $13,500. 



good shape; well watered and fenced; good orch- 



155 acres of the best of blue grass land; fine orchard; well watered and 
fenced; brick house with hot and cold water and bath; splendid farm build- 
ings and all in perfect condition; located within four miles of Paeonian 
Springs where is found the finest school in the County. This is in everv wav 
superior property. Price |12,400. Easy terms. 

150 acres of fine blue grass land; with good improvements; splendid orch- 
ard; well watered and fenced and desirably located. Price $9,000. Terms if 

325 acres of fine quality blue grass land; convenient to Round Hill; large 
brick house; good barn and outbuildings; well watered; fine neighborhood 
This would make a magnificent stock farm. The cheapest really good prop- 
erty in the county. Price $7,500. One-half cash and the balance in two and 
three years. 

120 acres of good blue grass land; improvements fair; only 4 mile-? from 
good town on the R. R. Price $6,000. 



FAIRFAX COUNTY, 

Most Conveniently located and Nearest Washington City. 

F.50 acres and over, with good Improvements; large frame dwelling, and all 
necessary farm buildings; excellent soil, and splendidly watered. This is 
without doubt naturally the best stock farm in Fairfax County. Price $13 000 
Terms reasonable. ' 

130 acres well improved and in good condition; fine location- good water 
and orchard. Price $10,500. 

28% acres at Herndon, the great dairy town of Northern Virginia; good 
house with bath. Only $4,500. 

50 acres near Herndon; fair improvements; fruit and well fenced; conven- 
iently located. Price $3,500. 

58 acres convenient to Herndon, within three miles; well improved; abund- 
ance of fruit; well watered. Suitable for dairy and poultry; only $2,500. 

SPECIAL, BARGAIIVS. 

227 acres well improved and conveniently located; stone house; fine blue 
grass land. This farm with all stock, farm machinery and household goods 
is being offered cheap. 

310 acres of good land with magnificent house and barn and good outbuild- 
ings; fine fruit; very productive; offered for less than house cost to effect 
immediate sale. 

CLAUDE Q. STEPHENSON, 

HERNDON, VA. 



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840 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



[Septembci 



weakness of the tendons, or perhaps 
from some strain. Rub frequently with 
a strong stimulating liniment. You 
will find several of these advertised in 
The Planter, on page 727 of the August 
issue. — Ed. 



CURING FOX OR COON SKINS. 

Will you please advise me how to 
tan out a fox or coon slcin? I have a 
very pretty fox and a coon skin, and 
I cannot learn from any one how to 
cure them. 

ANDREW SHIPOS, 

Prince George Co., Va. 

Stretch the skin on a board with the 
hair next the board, and scrape clear 
of flesh, and then make and apply a 
strong solution of alum and water and 
rub with this frequently for a week 
or two. Then remove from the board 
and work the skin with the hands 
until it is soft and pliable. — Ed. 



LAME COLT. 
Am a reader of your valuable paper 
and would thank you for a remedy 
for my colt. Is taking ringbone on 
one foot. Just can tell the trouble. Is 
lame, and has been for six weeks. Am 
blistering it. 

W. M. WHITMAN. 
Loudoun Co., Va. 

Blistering and firing are the best 
remedies to use. Do not hesitate to 
fire if the blistering is not effective. 
Firing will often cure when blistering 
is ineffective. — Ed. 



BREED OF CATTLE. 

Will you tell me what breed of 
cattle are marked thus: The cows are 
of a yellow fawn color, with a white 
stripe commencing at their withers 
and extends all the way down their 
back and tail. The bulls are very 
dark, sometimes black with the same 
markings. 

Caroline Co., Md. J. E. C. 

Either Jerseys or Guernseys. The 
Guernseys are larger than the Jerseys, 
and the color is not always solid. 
Faun and white being common. — Ed. 



PIGS WITH COUGH. 

Wll you tell me what to do with pigs 
that have a cough ; I have a litter of 
seven born last April and they are 
very small. I think the cough has 
kept them from growing. 

A. E. ROY ALL. 

Prince George Co., Va. 

Give them a little Saltpeter in their 
slop, say a lump as large as a good- 
sized pea for each pig, twice a week 
for a couple of weeks, and then give 
them the tonic, we gave directions for 
making in the May issue page 496. — 
Ed. 



SEEDING GRASS. 
T want to sow eighteen acres of 
grass and alsike during September; 



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A 11 dealers in farm supplies sell it. 

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(incorporated) 






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1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEIST PLANTEE 



841 



want to use 300 pounds bone meal and 
one-half ton ground lime per acre. It 
applied at same time I suppose lime 
will drive ammonia from the bone. 
Would you advise not sowing the lime 
till toward spring? 

W. I. STEERE. 
Prince William Co., Va. 

If you will apply the lime as soon 
as the land is plowed and harrow it in 
and let it lay for a few days you can 
then apply the bone meal without fear 
of loss of Nitrogen. — Ed. 



LAME COLT. 

I have a four months' colt which 
seems to be club footed. He walks on 
the toes of both front feet, and walks 
very lame, especially on hard land. 
Could you suggest anything to do to 
bring his feet straight? 

OLIVER COLEMAN. 
Halifax Co., Va. 

You should have the colt examined 
by a veterinary surgeon to see if any- 
thing else will suffice or be of benefit, 
operation on the feet to correct the 
abnormality. It is not likely that any- 
thing else will suffice o rbe of benefit. 
—Ed. 



WOOD ASHES— HEN MANURE— 
FARM-YARD MANURE— PREPA- 
RATION FOR WHEAT. 

Will you please tell me how to man- 
age my wood ashes and hen manure 
so as,to get the greatest benefit from 
them; would like to make a fertilizer 
of them that can be run through the 
grain drill. Please let me know if 
coarse manure made in barn-yard, 
without shelter during winter, and not 
hauled out 'on the land till August or 
fall, should be left lying as made or 
thrown up in ridges, and if it is used 
on summer fallow for wheat should it 
be applied before the land is plowed, 
or after and worked in the land while 
being prepared for the crop, or used 
as a top dressing after the grain is up. 
I follow my corn crop with two crops 
of wheat, sowing the first crop as soon 
as I can get the corn out of the way 
and fallow the following summer for 
the second crop. How would it do to 
sow Crimson Clover with first crop to 
be turned under the following August 
for the second crop? If you think 
favorably of it please let me know how 
much to sow to the acre, also if it 
should be mixted in with the grain or 
fertilizer or sown with seed sower. 
J. E. fray! 

Madison Co., Va. 

Wood ashes should be kept in a dry 
place and be applied alone. When 
mixed with other manures containing 
Nitrogen, like hen manure and barn- 
yard manure, the lime in the ashes 
causes loss of the Nitrogen. If the 
ashes and hen manure are mixed to- 
gether it should only be done just be- 



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842 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER 



[September, 



fore being put into the drill, and even 
this is not advisable, as the Nitrogen 
will be largely dissipated before the 
crop is ready to benefit by it. 

Barn-yard manure if it has been 
trodden down solid in the yard during 
the winter is better left undisturbed 
until wanted to be put out on the land. 
If it has been thrown up loosely into 
heaps during the winter it is better 
thrown together into one large heap 
and packed solid until wanted. We 
prefer to apply the manure after the 
land is plowed and work it in during 
the preparation of the seed bed, or it 
may be very profitably used as a top 
dressing during the winter after the 
grain is up. 

Crimson Clover completes its growth 
by the time the wheat is ripe, and 
would, therefore, be cut off with the 
wheat, and there would be only the 
roots and a little stubble left to bene- 
fiet the succeeding wheat crop. The 
clover in the wheat is also objection- 
able as causing delay in the curing of 
the crop for the theshing machine. 
The best way to get thj benefit of a 
legume crop for the following crop of 
wheat is to plow the first wheat crop 
stubble as soon as possible after har- 
vesting the wheat and prepare the land 
well and give it an application of Acid 
Phosphate, 250 pounds to the acre and 
sow Cow Peas. This crop should then 
be cut into the land with a disc or 
cutaway harrow in the end of Septem- 
ber and the wheat be sowed on this 
preparation without further plowing 
of the land. — Ed. 



DEEP PLOWING— SUBSOILING, &C. 
Dr. Crockett of Bedford county, Va., 
sends us copy of a recent article by 
Prof. Welborn, of Texas, in which he 
condemns deep plowing and subsoiling, 
the use of shredding machines and 
speaks a good word for scrub stock, 
and asks our opinion thereon. In the 
August issue we took occasion to give 
our opinion as to Mr. Welborns views 
so far as they related to deep plowing 
and subsoiling. We refer Dr. Crockett 
to that issue. He will find our re- 
marks on the first page. On the ques- 
tion of the value of the "scrub" he is 
even further off sound teaching than 
on the other subject. It is to be re- 
gretted that such unsound teachins; 
should be promulgated br any one, and 
especially by a scientific man who 
ought to know the value of aiming at 
high Ideals. Scratch plowing and scrub 
stock have to answer for the small 
yields of crops, the unprofitableness of 
stock keeping in the South and the 
low price of our lands. As these are 
abandoned so will crops increase, stock 
become profitable and lands enhance 
in value. — Ed. 



PULXiING FODDER— OUT GROWING. 

Please tell me the best way to 
gather corn. 

1. Do you think it pays to pull 




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One 20 H. P., J. I. Case mounted Pngine on wheels. 

One 48 inch Shlnsile, box board and heading machine. Cnpacily 20,000 shingles per day. 
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One 30 inch jointer for edging shingles and boards, never been used, cost $95.00 will sell 
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1 ne .American, horizontal, self-feed bolting saw. Cuts boards, slats, picketi, handle and 
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Emerson Automatic Compression Dry Kiln, pians, fixtures and directions for operation. 

No reasonable offer refused. 



PIERSON BROS. 



Summit, Va. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



843 



blades off corn (that is up to the ear), 
and then cut the top off above the 
ear and later pui' off the corn from 
the stalk. 

2. "Would you advise sowing oats in 
the fall here in this county of Carroll. 
The oat has been a failure here for 
two or three years. They are generally 
sowed about 1st of April. They get 
thin on the land and die largely and 
what are left rust ruins when ready 
to head out. What kind of oats is 
best to sew. 

3. Would you advise getting oats 
from some Western country to sow 
here. 

J. M. SUTPHIN. 
Carroll Co., Va. 

1. No. Always cut the corn at the 
root and set up in shocks to cure 
both fodder and corn together. 

2. Yes', if you will sow them in 
September so that they get good 
growth before winter sets in. Sow 
the Virginia Grey winter oat. If you 
cannot sow in September then wait 
until March and sow the Burt, the 
Appier, the Texas Bust proof or the 
Tartarian. 

3. No. Western or Northern seed 
never does as well as native grown 
seed. — Ed. 



GRAPE GROWING. 
Please give some information on the 
cultivation of the grape in your 
paper. 

SISTER ROSE. 
Nelson Co., Ky. 

We will bear this request in mind 
and publish an article or two on the 
subject during the winter months. — 
Ed. 



POULTRY FARM. 
"' I want to start a little poultry yard 
here just to get eggs, and want to ask 
your advice about it. I don't care 
about raising any chickens. I want 
about 400 hens to lay. Kindly advise 
me about how much land would be 
required for that number of hens, and 
how many buildings, and what size; 
also what amount of food would be 
necessary per day, and what kind of 
food would be necessary in order to 
get the best results? Thanking you 
in advance for your kindness, I am, 
E. L. CRUMPLER. 
Robeson Co., N. C. 

In this issue in an article "Poultry 
Notes" in tliie Poultry SDepartmenit. 
you will find Mr. Husselman's opinion 
and advice on poultry farms. He has 
had large experience in the business. 
In this issue you wlli also find a re- 
port of the result of keeping poultry 
on an half-acre lot. Our own experi- 
ence confirms Mr. Husselman's advice. 
We believe in breaking up a flock into 
small colonies from 50, to 100 hens in 
each, and using two smaller yards for 
each flock rather than one large one. 



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SUPPLIES j^ 

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D. Phone, No. 3526. 



TELL, THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



844 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



You might well keep this 400 flock on 
an acre of land if divided into eight 
yards, making four flocks of 100 each, 
and using for each flock two yards 
alternately. The buldings required 
are simply weather proof houses, pro- 
viding, say eight or ten cubic feet of 
space for each hen to be housed, with 
scratching sheds adjoining. Feed 
good sound wheat, oats and corn 
mixed, and a mash of the meal made 
from these grains. Feed what the 
hens will eat up clean every day. — Ed. 



SCOTCH KALE. 
Please tell me the best way to raise 
Scotch Kale to winter over. 

T. J. SELF. 
Talbot Co., Md. 

The Kale should be sown in August 
and September in drills two feet six 
inches apart. Sow in continuous rows, 
but do not seed too thickly; six pounds 
of seed will sow an acre. The largest 
plants should be cut out first, thus 
giving the others room to grow, and 
prolonging the crop season until cab- 
bages come on the market. It is per- 
fectly hardy and will endure nearly 
a zero temperature. Use a fertilizer 
having 6 per cent, ammonia, 4 per 
cent phosphoric acid, and 7 per cent, 
potash, and apply at the rate of 400 
pounds to the acre. — Ed. 



SAVING HAY. 

To settle a dispute between propri- 
etor and manager, please ask some of 
your most practical correspondents to 
decide the following question. After 
grass, or hay, is dry enough to cock, 
stack or put in barn, if it is impossible 
to do any of these before it rains, or 
before night, is it better for the hay 
to leave it in the swath or to rake it 
into windrows, i. e., will rain and dew 
injure the quality of the hay more in 
the swath or windrow? 

The trouble and expense of drying 
after it has been windrowed is not in 
question. 

How much more does it cost per 
ton to put hay in good big cocks than 
to haul in direct from the windrow? 
"What is the difference in quality? 

C. T. BLACK. 

Mahoning Co., O. 

What say our hay growers on this 
point? Our own experience is that the 
hay will suffer less in the windrow 
than left broadcast, but the windrows 
should be compact as possible, so as to 
expose as little of the hay directly to 
the weather as possible. Another ad- 
vantage in having it in windrow is 
that the land around the windrows 
being clear of hay will dry quickly 
and the hay when spread out on this 
dry land will then dry much faster 
than on land which has been covered 
with the wet hay.— Bd. 



New Kent Co., Va. Feb. 1., 19U8. 
I think the Southern Planter the 
finest paper published. 

CHAS. P. CRUMP. 




if instructions for using our white lead tester 
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LIGHTNING HAY PRESSES 



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Davie Co., N. C, Feb. 19, 1908. 
The Southern Planter is without a 
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I would be lost without it. 

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Washingon Co., Va., Feb. 26, 1908. 

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feN ^ ^ ■ ^ 

'\\\\v^v \v\\\vv ^\\<N >v>; 




The more carefully you study the Then again, AMATITE has wonder- 
subject of Ready Roofing's the more ful durability:- — • 

you will be convinced of the great First, because it has a mineral bur- 

superiority of AMATITE. face. Doesn't it seem reasonable to 

The average buyer sends to a few believe that a top covering of crushed 

advertisers for sam!)le&, picks out one stone will resist the wear of sto)-i:is 

that looks tough, and sends in his better than a roofing with a smooth 

order to the nearest dealer. or unprotected surface? 



^-M 




'Vrrs'v-^-Vtr-v^'Wr-r^yi — "id— r-i«-~n '^tfWWV^ ' i»?"Tt"— ir™r'"T""' 



Vi^ 



■'*^f^ ■'• 



ONE OF THE BELLEME.4.DE FARM BUILDINGS ROOFED WITH AMATITE. 



If the dealer doesn't keep the kind 
selected, some other kind which he has 
is generally bought instead. 



That is 
roof. 



a good way to get a leaky 



The careful buyer is more partic- 
ular. He knows that any roofing will 
last for a little while without atten- 
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possible. 

He is figuring next year's cost as 
well as this year's cost. He thiiiks 
of the money ne wi.l have to spot; J 
after a few years for ii new rrof if 
this one won't last any longer. If he 
can get better roofing at equal cost 
that will last much longer, he is so 
much the gainer. 

That kind of calculation is c^Jlled 
thrift. The thrifty buyer sees import- 
ant differences between AMATITE and 
the other roofings. 

The other roofings either require a 
coating with a -ipecial liquid eve.'-y 
year or two, or periodical paiivting. 
ilight_ there is a futare expense to be 
counted by the thn-'Tv buyer. His 
judgment swings ♦owards AMATITE, 
because it needs no painting either at 
the time it is laid or afterward. Once 
it is on you have no further bother • r 



Second, it contains solid layers of 
Coal Tar Pitch — the material which 
is used by the best engineers for 
waterproofing deep cellars, tunnels, 
etc. Doesn't it seem reasonable to 
suppose that this offers better pro- 
tection against water than materials 
whi(A are never used for such severe 
service? 



These, then, are some of the rea- 
sons why thrifty people buy AMATITE 
• — it costs nothing to maintain, it iias 
remarkable durabil;*y, and its first 
cost is very low. 

The experience of careful purchas- 
ers with AMATITE is illustrated by 
the following letter from Bellemeade 
Farm: 

BELLEMEADE FARM, BedlTord, Mass. 
March 7, 190S 

Gentlemen: — It is now nearly three 
years since we put your Amatite Roof- 
ing on our new OOO-foot building. This 
Roofing is now in Hs th-rd winter and 
has gone through ivitliout a leak, and 
there is every indication that it T.'ill 
be good for many years. The baiid- 
ings with this liglit, sparkling F.ocif- 
ing and the red ;rimm.ngs as painted, 
are very attractive in appearance, and 
altogether we are much pleased with 
your Amatite Hoofing. \Ve arj con- 
templating the constriction of some 
further buildings for our Shetland 
)ionies, and mean 'c use more of yoar 
Roofing. 

Tours very tru!>', 

S. B. Kli^IOTT, M. L». 



J^ample Free 

There are more arguments for AMA- 
TITE than these. Our booklet tells 
them. Sent with Free Sample for a 
postal to nearest office. 
BARRETT MANUFACTURING CO., 





AMATITE ON ANOTHER OF THE (^REAT BEIJ.EM FADE FARM HUIl, DINGS AT IU;i)FORl>, MASS. 

One more argument. Weight forBoston, St. Louis, Cleveland, Pittsburg, 
weight, AMATITE is the lowest inCincinnati, New Orleans, Kansas City, 
price of any mineral surfaced Ready Minneapolis, London, Eng. 
Roofinsr. 



846 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



Editor, Southern Planter: — 

The George Washington Univers- 
ity having established a College of 
Veterinary Medicine, at Washington, 
D. C, will thus provide a school at 
the National Capital where young 
men may pursue the study of veterin- 
ary medicine and at the same time 
broaden their minds by contact with 
cosmopolitan life and study in the 
great federal libraries and scientific 
departments of the government. 

No city can approach Washington 
as a scientific centre and the loca- 
tion for a veterinary school here 
has many points in its favor. 

It is alone a great educating fac- 
tor. Intending students will find 
many advantages not found else- 
where. 

It is midway between the States 
and the veterinary student will find 
here the laboratory and experiment 
station of the Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry, where the highest class of 
investigations oT animal diseases is 
conducted and which are model in- 
stitutions unequalled for their pur- 
pose in this country. 

There is a great scarcity of 
trained veterinary practitioners in 
the Southern States. 

Many towns and even small cities 
of the South have but a single vet- 
erinarian where two or three could 
readily thrive. Small villages in 
rich farming counties will always 
support a qualified veterinarian, but 
seldom is there any one to treat ani- 
mal diseases except some "handy" 
man with horses or cows, as the 
expression goes, and after treating 
a few cases, this person is called 
"doctor." 

Young men who have good edu- 
cations will find many desirable lo- 
cations after graduation and the 
field is a very "Wide one. 

The amount of capital invested m 
animals increases yearly in propor 
tion to the size of our population 
and the veterinarian- is the man to 
assist this industry by suppressing 
disease among domestic animals. 
DAVID E. BUCKINGHAM, 

Dean. 



ROYAL SHOW OP ENGLAND. 

July 1, 1908. 

SHEEP WINNING RECORDS. 

Total Sheep exhibitors 147 

Exhibitors using Cooper's Dip. 124 

Total Sheep exhibited 1124 

Total Sheep dipped in Cooper 

Dip 1023 

Premiums awarded 268 

Premiums won by Cooper 

dipped sheep 243 

Number of breeds exhibited . . 20 
Breeds on which Cooper Dip 

was exclusively used. ... 16 
Comment is unnecessary. 
Figures do not lie. 
WILLM. COOPER & NEPHEWS 
Leading Dip Makers for 6.5 Years. 
177 Illinois St. Chicago, 111. 




You Can Cover Your Roof With 

Mycoroid Rubber Roofing 

And Then "Forget It." 

Kocause it requires no conting:. 

it is absolutely ^Taterproof. 
it is practically Fire Proof, 
it does not taint water 

AVrite for Samples and Booklet. 

We also carry a full line of Galvanized and Painted Corrugated and V Crimp 
Hoofing in rolls and boxes 

McGRAW-YARBROUGH Co., Richmond, Va. 



J 



Nelson Co., Va., Mar. 17, 1908. 
I have been a subscriber to the 
Southern Planter for a long number 



of years and think I have been 
greatly benefitted bv it. 

HUDSON MARTIN. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



847 



REPORTS 

United States Department of Agricul- 
ture, Washington, D. C. Year 
Book of the Department of Agri- 
cultui'e, 1907. Send to your Sena- 
tor or Representative for a copy 
of this boolt. Every farmer should 
have it. 
Farmers' Bulletin 330. Deer farm- 
ing in the United States. 
Forest Service. Circular 151. The 
preservative treatment of loblolly 
pine cross-arms. 
Bureau of Plant Industry. Circular 
No. 3. Some stem tumors or 
knots on apple and quince trees. 
National Conservation Commission, 
Washington, D. C, Thomas R. 
Ship, Secretary. Bulletin 3. 
Schedule of inquiries. 
Idaho Experiment Station, Moscow, 
Idaho. Annual report, 1907. 
Bulletin 62. Dry farming in Idaho. 
Bulletin 63. Babcoek test for butter 
fat. 
Louisiana Experiment Station, Baton 
Rouge, La. Bulletin 106. A pre- 
liminary report on the so-called 
cerebro-spinal meningitis of horses. 
Bulletin 107. Preliminary tests of 
sugar house machinery. 
Maryland Agricultural College, College 
Park, Md. The college quarterly. 
Fertilizer analysis. 
Purdue Experiment Station, Lafayette, 
Ind. Circular 12. Beef produc- 
tion. 
Circular 13. Milk production. 
South Carolina Experiment Station, 
Clemson College, S. C. Bulletin 
137. Hook v/orm disease of cattle. 
Bulletin 139. Milk fever. Its pre- 
vention and successful treatment. 
Bulletin 140. Some conditions in- 
fluencing cotton production. 
Texas Experiment Station, College 
Station, Tex. Bulletin 104. Diges- 
tion experiments. 

Bulletin 105. Notes on forest and 
ornamental trees. 

Richmond, Va. The Bulletin, May, 

Virginia Department of Agriculture, 

1908. Fourth report on food 

products. 

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, 

Va. Report for July, 1908. 
Virginia State Crop Pest Commission, 
Blacksburg, Va. Circular. Peach 
yellows as it affects nurserymen. 
Virginia Department of Health. Health 
Bulletin No. 1. 
Health Bulletin No. 2. 
Wyoming Experiment Station, Lara- 
mie, Wyo. Bulletin 77. Irrigation 
of Barley. 
Bulletin 78. Digestion experiments. 
The Philippine Agricultural Review, 

Vol. 1, No. 4. 
West Indian Bulletin, Bar! ado€S, W. I. 
Vol. 14, No. 2. 



Albemarle Co., Va., March 1, 1908. 
I have cut out all other farm 
papers but the Southern Planter. 
A. M. TAYLOR. 




IS 



Look for the Genasco trade-mark on 
every roll. This insures your getting the 
roofing made of real Trinidad Lake As- 
phait^the perfect natural waterproofer, 

Genasco 
Ready Roofing 

Ask your dealer for Genasco. Don't be misled by any other sign. 
Insist on the hemisphere trade-mark, and get the roofing that lasts. 
Mineral or smooth surface. Write for samples and Book 62 

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAYING COMPANY 

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in tfie world. 




New York 



PHILADELPHIA 
San Francisco 



Chicago 



'M^uu lwwiWl»yranmi^Wfitf*ltf'.MftMff»H 



TELL. THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



VICTORIA 

RUBBER ROOFING. 



Waterproof — Weatherproof. Always pliable — never hard 
or brittle. Any climate, all conditions. 

OUR PRICES WILL INTEREST YOU. 

SEND FOR SAMPLES. 

Patented and Galvanized Roofing Sheets, Roll Tin and 
Tar Paper. 

TIN «" TERNE PLATES. OALVANl Zm FIAT SHEETS, ROQPINO MATERIALS 
NurACTURERS ^Jobbers 

(ID4 E-C«RV STREET. 
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



848 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September^ 



BOOKS. 

Agriculture for Southern Scliools, 
by John Frederick Duggan, Director 
of the Alabama Experiment Station, 
and Professor of Agriculture in the 
Alabama Polytechnic Institute. Pub- 
lished by The Macmillan Company, 
New York. The author states that the 
principal aims that have guided him 
in writing the book are these: 1. To 
arouse the interest of the pupil in 
nature, and especially in the common 
plants of the Southern farm, orchard 
and garden. 2. So to present the sub- 
ject that it may be mastered rather by 
stimulated observation and quickened 
thought than by mere memorizing. 3. 
To make a teachable book. 4. To make 
the language simple enough to be 
readily understood by a pupil in the 
sixth grade and yet present the sub- 
ject with enough system and substance 
to suit the pupils in the high school. 
5. To emphasize amply, and illustrate a 
few principles which when understood 
and practiced have the power to revo- 
lutionize Southern farm practice and 
to promote the permanent prosperity 
of the farmer and the State. A some- 
what careful perusal of the book con- 
vinces us that the author has in a 
very great degree realized the aims he 
set out to accomplish. We can most 
heartily commend the book, and hope 
that it will find its way into every 
school in the South and it ought also 
to be in every farmer's home. 



THE DAIRYMEN'S PROGRAM. 

Under the direct supervision of 
Chief Ed. H. Webster of the Dairy 
Division, there will be held a dairy- 
men's convention at the third annual 
National Dairy Show, which takes 
place in Chicago at the Coliseum, De- 
cember 2 to 10 inclusive. It is the 
purpose of this convention to deal with 
subjects of national importance, and 
the program will be filled with men 
who will be eminently capable of deal- 
ing with subjects of the highest inter- 
est to dairy farmers. 

No dairyman who can possibly leave 
his work can afford to miss this con- 
vention or miss seeing the large ex- 
hibit of dairy machinery and cattle 
which will be on exhibition at that 
time. The show comes at a season 
when the farmers have completed their 
year's work, and they should make it 
a point to take a few days for recrea- 
tion and enjoyment. Not only will 
they find a trip to the Dairy Show a 
pleasant one, but it will be the means 
of giving them an understanding of 
the scope and magnitude of the dairy 
industry, as well as a source of much 
useful information. 



Get my Special Proposition 
which is real co-operation 
between the Manufactur- 
ers and the Farmer. It 
gives you a chance to 
cut down the cost of 
your spreader 
and almost pay 
for it in one 
year. It 
means 
exactly 

a^ what it 

P^ says, 
Wm. Galloway 




Keep Your Money 
In Your Pocket 



I 



/ 



President 

Wm. Cailoway 

Companjr 



Order now — direct from this offer — 

by letter or postal. Let me send 

you one of my Galloway Spreaders 

on 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL. No 
money down. Freight prepaid. 
I know you are a responsible 
man if you have any need 
for a manure spreader. 
Keep your money in 
Here are my offers to you— READ THEM. My '^^ your own pocket un- 
$25,000 Bank Bond Guarantee goes with every ^^k til you try my 
Calloway Spreader. 1 liack the Galloway permanently ^ Bl Spreader. Tell me 
with every guarantee that any i)raetical and reasonable ^iftk to send vou mv 
man could ask tor. 1 baektlie Galloway to give Genuine Sails- ^Bk Special Ma- 

nureSpread- 



$25,000 
B^nkBond 
Guarantee 



faction. If it is net everything it is claimed to be— if it does not do 
all that the best spreader ought to do-^send it back, and 1 wi!l return 



every cent of your money vVithout question, 
I challenge the world to jirodiu-e as practical, durable and all round satisfac- 
tory a i^preader at any price aa luy 



er Propo' 
sitiou. 



LL&WAY'S 



Wfagon Box 
Manure Spreader 
Fits Any Truck 

Take my hand and signature and bond on tbat— as legal binding as any contract 
ever made on earth. Write me to, lay tor my Special Proposition and 
Big New Spreader Catalog— sent promptly and Free. ^ ^:^ 

¥/nt. Galloway 

Frmghf ^ wi^^CalloWayCo. 
" ~ 219 Jefferson 

Street 



Waterloo 
Iowa 



All Freifxht Trepaid 
and I dou"t keep you 
waiting. I don't delay to 
write a lot of letters. I trust 
you to make the fair montli's 
trial of my Galloway Spreader 
when you get it direct from the 
factory at Waterloo, Iowa, oi 
shippedat once from one of my Fac- ^ 
torys Transfer Stations— Minneapolis ' 
— Kansas City— or Madison, Wisconsin. 
Write me so you can pet one of my Gallo'' 
ways busy on your work for 



¥M 



30 Days 



Free 
Trial 



GetMy Wm 
^SuecialW 
Proposi» 
Hon and New 

Spreadei* 
Gatalog 



Pittsylvania Co., Va., Apl. 2, '08. 

I iind the Southern Planter to be 
of great help to me in farming and 
do not see how I could do without it. 
S. R. HARPER. 



The One Roller=Bearing Spreader 

Tliere are many .spreaders and so-called spreaders. \ou may 
•onder which one to buy. You don't want a machine that you 
will lay up in the shed for good after a 
few months. But there is danger of it. 
"We believe we can help you to choose 
wisely. We have been over all the "fea- 
tures" of all the n'ew spreaders in the 29 
years we have been evolving 




THE SUCCESS 

Roller 

Bear:oEson "^^^^g^^^_#f Spreader.. It has always been the lead 

VVbeelt, on ^1*^^ ^ ^^p '"^" spreader. It was the gold medal ma- 

Beater and ^^mm^^^^ ' <^hiue at Norfolk.. It controls patents on 

Bealer Drive ^•«^mSS*^ the best adapted appliances. It has tried 

and discarded scores ut devices that proved not to be the best. It runs at least 
a horse lighter than any other spreader. 

THE OM.Y COMPLETELY ROLLER-BEARING SPREADER. 

It is practically unbreakable. No other spreader is so simple, so direct 
and positive in its workings, or so easily controlled. We are building for 
the whole country, and we build it to last — with right care — a farmer's 
lifetime. 

Isn't that your kind of a spreader? Write for catalogue and get the proof. 



KEMP & BURPEE MFG. CO.. 



SYRACUSE, N. Y. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 




THE INDUSTRIOUS 

KNOXVILLE; TENN. 



Circulation lO.OOO. 



lO 



HUN 



lii 



c. a line 



Leading' FARM and POULTRY Joxarnal. 

LAYS ALU OVER THE SOUTH. 



TELI. THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



1908.] THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 849 

, ^^^^^^^^^^^— — ^-^ i. -.. ■ — — — — ■ -■ ■■ ■ - ■ — 

HENRY C. STUART. Pres. JDHM STEWART BRYAN, V.-Pres. M. A. CH A WI BERS, Sec. 




TATE FAIR 



RICHMOND, VA. 

October 5-6-7-8-9-10. 
/^ Big Days of Instruction, Enjoyment and Profit ^ 

S35,000. TO BE GIVEN AWAY IN PRIZES. 

FARMERS OF VIRGINIA COME AND GET YOUR SHARE OF THE MONEY! 

Bring out your fiues't Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Grain, Grasses, Fruit, Vegetables, Tobacco, Peanuts, 
Sorghum, Cow Peas, Soja Beans, Dairy Products, Honey, Etc., Etc. 

Farmers' Wives and Daughters Are Also Interested. 

They should exhibit specimens of their Bread, Butter, Cakes, Jellies, Preserves, Pickles, as well as articles of 
Fancy Work, the Product of their own deft hands. 

ENTRIES CLOSE as follows: For Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Swine, on Monday, September 21st ; for Poultry, 
Domestic Articles, Manufactures, Art and Fancy Work, Wednesday, September 23rd; Farm and Horticultural 
Products, Plants and Flowers, Friday, September 25th; and Dairy Products, Implements and Machinery, Mon- 
day, September 2Sth. Entries for tlie races close on Tuesdiiy, September 29th, at 10 P M. Records made on and 
«fter Sept. 22 no bar. ENTRIES must be made on blsiuk forms furnished by the Fair Association. Consult the 
Premium L,ist as to the Rules and Regulations. 

This is the Gala Occasion of the Year. 

Attractions of the Highest Order Have Been Provided. 

Pawnee Bill's Great Wild West 5how, 

With 20J Participants — Indians, Cowboys, Soldiers and Plainsmen. Daily Parade on the Grounds 

Open Day and Night Willi Fine Illumination of the Fair Grounds and Track. 

QORQEOUS DISPLAY OF PAIN'S FIREWORKS EACH NIGHT AND SPECTACULAR BOM- 
BARDMENT OF PORT ARTHUR. 

Grounds reached by street cars from any point In the city, and low rates on all the Railroads. 
Do not forget the Live Stock Sale to take place during the Fair. 
Send for a Premium List or any information desired to 

kMARK R. LLOYD, General Manager, Richmond, Va. 

^ „, jM ,^.^,J^"'*'*' of the Fair, No. SI!) East Main Street.) 



1908 VIRGINIA STATE FAIR 1908 



850 



THE SOUTHERE" PLAl^TER 



[September, 



GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 

Sweetbreads and Mayonnaise. 

Clean and parboil one pair of 
sweetbreads, then throw them into 
ice water, let them sstand for a half 
hour or until thoroughly cold and 
blanched. Take off the fat and skin 
and cover them with fresh boiling 
water and a little salt and pepper 
and let them cook slowly for a half 
hour. Let them get cold ^.aen cut 
into thin slices or dice. Rub the 
bottom of a bowl with an onion and 
make in it about half a pint of 
mayonnaise. Line a bowl with 
lettuce leaves and mix the sweetbreads 
with the mayonnaise and put the mix- 
ture in the dish. Set on ice until 
ready for use. 

Saratoga Chips. 

Peel the Irish potatoes and shave 
them in the very thinest slices pos- 
sible, drop the slices into ice water 
for a short time, then take them out 
and dry on a cloth. Have your lard 
boiling hot in a deep pan, drop the 
slices of potatoes in, a few at a time. 
When they are cooked to a very light 
brown strain them out of the fat and 
spread on a wire mat. Sprinkle salt j 
over them and so on till the dish is 
full. Serve cold for tea. 

Baked Tomatoes forBreakfast. 

Select sound, well ripened 
tomatoes. Put them in a deep bowl 
with a small quantity of water. 
Sprinkle over the top of each bread 
crumbs, seasoned with pepper, salt, 
celery seed anl butter. Place in the 
stove and bake until the tomato is 
well done. 

Peach Preserves. 

Peaches ripe but not soft should 
be selected for preservs. Peel them 
carefully and cut in as large pieces 
as possible. "Weigh them and allow 
three quarters of a pound of sugar 
for each pound of fruit. Put the 
sugar in a kettle with one cup of 
water for each three pounds of 
sugar. Let it melt and boil up. 
Then put the peaches in and let tliem 
come to a boil and boil about five 
minutes, then take the kettle off and 
let the fruit in it stand till the next 
morning. Then you must boil it live 
minutes then take out the peaches 
and let the syrup boil a half hour, re 
turn the peaches to the syrup anl 
boil five minutes more, and remove 
thm again to the dishes and continue 
to boil the syrup. When the peaches ' 
are cool they may go back into the 
kettle and stay on for a few minutes 
then set them away in the kettle 
again and the next day heat to boil- 
ing point and put into your glass Jars 
and seal up at once. This receipt 
is to be used when you want your 
preserves to stay in whole clear 




Are solving the hired help problem for 

hundreds of farmers. 

Vertical Engines made in 2 and 3-Horse Power. 
Horizonial Engines (Portable and Stationary) 
made in 4, 6. 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20-Horse Power. 
Air Cooled Engines, l-Horse Power. 
Traction Engines, 10, 12, 15 and 20-Horse Power. 
Also sawingr, spraying: and pumping: outfits. 



YOU offer high wages, and still 
find it difficult to get hired men. 
Wiiy not do as other progress- 
ive farmers are doing — let one 
of the dependable and ever ready 
I. H. C. gasoline engines be your hired 
man? 

Suppose you want to grind feed, 
shell corn, shred fodder, pump water, 
operate the churn, grindstone, fanning 
mill, separator, bone cutter, or saw 
wood. With an I. H. C. engine you 
will need no extra help. You can run 
the engine and attend to the machine 
yourself. 

In the same way you will be able to 
do dozens of farm jobs which usually 
require the labor of two men. You will 
be surprised to find how little attention 
an I. H. C. engine requires. 

The engine will work for you indoors 



or out, in wet or dry, hot or cold 
weather. You will have no difficulty in 
operating or controlling it. 

Only a few cents per hour is re- 
quired for fuel. All I. H. C. engines 
use either gas, gasoline or denatured 
alcohol. 

Please notice in the above list of 
styles and sizes that there is an I. H. C. 
gasoline engine adapted to practically 
every farm requirement. 

You can have a small engine which you 
can easily move from place to place, as your 
work requires, or you can have a larger 
engine for stationary use. The efficiency of 
all I. H. C. engines is well known. You can- 
not possibly have any better guarantee of a 
dependable engine than one of these engines 
affords. 

Call on the International local agent for 
catalogs, and inspect these engines. Write 
for colored hanger and booklet on "Develop- 
ment of Power." 



INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, Chicago. U.S.A. 

(Incorporated) 



GASOLINE ENGINES 



DMILLS AND TANKS 

PUMPS AND RAMS 
MILLS AND SAWS 
IRON AND WIRE FENCE 
ARTESIAN WELL DRILLERS 

Water Supply and Plumbing Systems Installed. 

No Charge For Information 

SYDNOR PUMP & WELL CO., Inc., 



Deot., B. 



Richmond. Va. 



"Whea corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



851 



pieces. When It does not matter you 
can be less careful. 

Apple Jelly. 

Very sour apples are the best for 
jelly. Wash them and cut them up 
without removing the skins or the 
cores. Put them into a kettle with 
nearly enough water to cover them 
and let them boil until the fruit is 
a mass of pulp. Pour it all into a 
bag and hang it up to dry till the 
next day. Measure the juice and 
weigh a pound of sugar for each 
pint of juice. Put the sugar into 
pans and set it insiie the stove. Put 
the juice on the stove, when it comes 
to a boil add the hot sugar and let 
it boil hard for about twenty minutes. 
You will have to use your judgment 
about the time you cook jelly, some- 
times it takes longer than twenty 
minutes, then again not so long. 
Honey and Peaches. 

Peel medium sized peaches, the 
plum peaches, thoroughly ripe are 
the best, pack them evenly into quart 
jars and fill the jars to the top with 
clear, strained honey. Seal the jars 
and put them away for three months 
and you will be delighted with the 
results. 

Brandy Peaches. 

Use plum peaches for these too. 
Weigh ten pounds of peaches and 
four pounls of white sugar. Make 
a syrup of the sugar and three cups 
of water; let it boil and add the 
peaches a few at a time until all 
are cooked through, but not soft. 
Let them cool on dishes and boil the 
syrup until thick. Pack the fruit in 
jars and add one cup of the syrup, 
add two cups of good brandy, mix 
well and pour over the fruit in the 
jars and seal up at once. 

Tomato Wine. 

This is said to be good. Squeeze 



ONE MILLION IN USE 

DE LAVAL 

CREAM 

SEPARATORS 



First — Always Best — Cheapest 

The World's Standard 

Ten years ahead of all others in every feature 

of seperator practicability 

BEAUTIFUL IN DESIGN 

PERFECK IN CONSTRUCTION 

EVERLASTING IN DAILY USE 



Send for handsome new catalogue illustrating and describing the 
new and improved machine in detad, to be had for the asking. 

The De Laval Separator Co. 



Randolph & Canal Sts. 

CHICAGO 

1213 & 1215 FlLBEFtr St. 

PHILADELPHIA 

Drumu & Sacramento Sts. 

SAN FRANCISCO 



General Offices: 

74 CORTLANDT STREET, 

NEW YORK. 



173-177 William Street 

MONTREAL 

14 & 16 Princess Street 

WINNIPEG 

I07 First Street 

PORTLAND, OREG. 



EHis Ohamplon Grain, Peanut and Cow Pea Thresher, 

inamjFacTUREOBv Ellis Keystone Agricultural Works, Pottstown, Pa. 

r."WE MAKE FOUR SIZES OF 
Grain and 




Threshers 
and 
Cleaners 

niOS, 1, 2, 3, and 4, FOR EITHER STEAM, LEVER OR TREAD POWER, 

AH of which are guaranteed to elve entire satisfaction. Our THRESHERS and CLEANERS have been thor- 
oughly tested throughout the United States, and pronounced by the growers of GRAIN, PEANUTS, BLACK and COW 
PEAS as the most complete and satisfactory Threshers of the period. No grower of any of the above can afford 
to be without one. 

For Catalog and any infOfmaHon desired write to 

GEORGE C. BURGESS, General Southern agent. Box 182, Petersburg, Va. 



862 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTEE 



[September, 




Let Me Pay the Postage on> 

My Big Free Buggy Book to You 

Although these books cost me Scents each to mail, for postage alone, yet I'll gladly aend you one, FREE, 
because I want you to know about SPLIT HICKORY BUGGIES— Made to Order— Sold Direct From 
My Factories to you on 30 DAYS* FREE TRIAL— Guaranteed Two Years. 

^This Book Means a Saving o! $25.00 to $40.00 to You 

~HrC, Phelps "^ J"*' the Vehicle you want — because of the DIRECT Factory Prices it quotes you. Get this Book — sit down of an evening 

and look it over. It contains actual photographs of more Vehicles and Harness of every descrip- 
tion than could be shown in ten dealers' salesrooms — over 125 different styles of Vehicles and Full Lice of Harness. 

This is my latest 1908 Book— and it is truly a Buyer's Guide. It not only gives descriptions and prices— but it also;' 
tells how good Vehicles are made — why they are better made my way — all running parts made of Second Growth Shell-^| 
bark Hickory— split with the grain — not sawed across it — thus giving extra strength and long wearing qualities. f 

SPLIT HICKORY Vehicles are trademark Vehicles — known in every state in the Union for highest qualities and 1 

^TmV^'c^iiTbrated 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL PLAN -"^S^'i 

Making Vehicles to order, I give you any option as to finish, style, etc., — that you get from no other man. 

nfacturer. Buying direct from my factories brings you in touch with the people vpho make your Vehicle, 

1^ My Two-Year Guarantee is to you — direct. My Free Trial Plan is to you — direct. My piices are to /^ 

you — direct. No roundabout transactions as when buying through dealers. Nu dealers' profits added fjg^F' J I S i t^Pf W I'lIIIlW 
in the price of your Vehicle — all meaning a big saving and more satisfaction to YOU. Over 125,000 »^-'*»*™*^=-^"'''"^~-*-==^ ■''■"" ■■ 
Split Hickory Vehicles now in use. LET ME SEND YOU THIS BOOK AT ONCE. Address 



H. C. Plielps. President. THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO^, Sta.294 Columbus. Oliio 



H:C.PMELP5 
President. 




the juice from ripe tomatoes ana 
put one quart into a gallon bucket. 
Add three pounds of sugar, then till 
the bucket up to the gallon mark 
with cold water and set it aside. 
Skim every day for three days, or 
until it ceases to ferment. Put it 
into a jug and do not cork tightly 
for three weeks. 

Peach Pickle. 

Peel the peaches and weigh them. 
Allow one-third of a pound of brown 
sugar to each pound of peaches. 
Sprinkle the sugar over the fruit 
and let them stand all night. The 
next day add mace, clove, and cinna- 
mon, and a small quantity of gin- 
ger. To each peck of the peeled 
peaches add one quart of good vine- 
gar and boil until they are clear. 

Preserved Apples. 

If the apples are very ripe they 
may be made to hold together by 
throwing them for half an hour in- 
to a bucket of water to which you 
have added two tablespoons of lime 
water. "Weigh the apples and allow 
three quarters of a pound of sugar 
to each pound of apples. Add a very 
little water to the sugar and make 
a syrup. Drop the apples in when 
it boils and let them simmer slowly 
until they are clear. You may make 
a variety by seasoning some of them 
with ginger, and some with lemon, 
and turn a can of pineapple mio 
the rest. 



A NEAR-SIGHTED ANSWER. 

Some funny things happen in the 
school-room. A Brooklyn teacher call- 
ed upon a small boy to define "multi- 
tude." 

"A multitude," said the boy, "is 
what we get when we multiply." — 
August Lippincott's. 




ftMERICANSAWMILLS 

RELIABLE FRICTION FEED 

Ratchet Set Works, Quick Recsder, Duplix 
Steel Dogs, Strong, 

ACCUHAIEANDRELIABLE 



Best material and 
workmanship, light 
running; requires 
little power; simple, 
easy t o handle; 
won't get out of 
order. 

BELT FEED MILLS 
In all sizes. 



Log Bean Carriages can be furnished with any of our mills. 

No. 1. Warrantee to cut 2,000 feet per day with 6 H. P. engine. Seven 
other sizes made. Also Edgers, Trimmer^, Shingle Machines, Lath Mills, Rip 
and Cut-Off Saws, Drag Saws, Cordwood Saws and Feed Mills. Catalogue sent 
free. 

"Rowe, Mass., October 24, 1905. — I have a No. 1 American Saw Mill and 
send you an order fo; another just like it. I run it with my 8 H. P. portable 
gasoline engine; have sawed 5,000 feet of lumbr In ten hours with It without 
any trouble. I use a 48-lnch saw. 

Tours truly, BRADLEY C. NHJWHLL. 

AMERICAN SA^V DULL MACHINERY CO., 137 Hope St., Hackettstown, N. J. 

OUR AGENTS.— Watt Plow Company, Richmond, Va.; R. P. Johnson, 
Wytheville, Va. ; Hyman Suppl Company, New Berne and Wilmington, N. C; 
Gibbes Machinery Company, Columbia, S. C. 



CLARK'S SAMPSON TOBACCO PRESS AND JACKS. 

Every tobacco grower should have one or more of 
these presses. Save money by using this press; make 
money pressing for others. The platform of this 
press is 3% feet wide and 4 feet long. The height 
in the clear is 4 feet. The press or jack stand is on 
top of the beam overhead. This is a very powerful 
press. 

Many Hundredsof tUeni are no^v in use in tlie tobacco 
Sections 
We sometimes make them much larger for special 
work. It is used for pressing in bar- 
rels, hogheads and cases, fruit, to- 
bacco, dry goods, also for tank 
scrap, etc. It weighs about 560 lbs. 
The wood work is made of the best 
hard maple, ash or oak. The iron ' 
work i.s constructed of the best mal- 
leable iron and steel, strongy bolted 
together. Write to-day for FREE 
BOOKLET and Special Prices. 
CUTAWAY HARROW CO , 861 Main St., HI6GANTJM, CONN. 




DOUBLE ACTION 
CUiAmYrf, HARROW' 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



853 



TIME, MONEY and MONEY-SAVING IMPLMENTS. 

SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOGUE DESCRIBING THEM. 



»AmelrIcaii Fence 




Combine the Fence 
and the Hog* and g"et 

p the Dollars AmericanI)oIiarfi{ 



Bijfkeye Corn Harvester will 
cut two rows of corn at a 
time; will do the v/ork 
faster and easier and at a 
great saving- over otlier 
methods. The cost of this 
macliine can be saved in 
cutting 20 acres and the 
corn stands in shocks 
much better than when cut 
by hand. 

Ohio Feed and KD.>«ilage Cut- 
ters for hand or power. 
Furnislied Vi'itli or without 
Carrier or Blower. Special 
Catalogue telling all about 
them sent free to any ad- 
dress. 





Biekford <& Huffman Farnier'.«i Favorite 
Grain Drills are built to wear, to sow 
accurately and to satisfy every user. The 
Fertilizer Distributor handles accurately 
any quantity of fertilizer from 55 to 960 
lbs. to the acre. Eacli drill is furnished 
witli special gear wlieels for planting 
corn and beans in rows any desired dis- 
tance. 

Ajax Center Crank Steam Engines. All 

sizes from four to fifty horse power. 




Peerless Gasoline Engines, 2 to 12 liorsepower. simple, durable and economical. Easy to start and will develop- 
their full rated horse power. 

THE RANEY CANNING OUTFIT. 




Will save your fruit and vegetables; costs little; keeps money on 
the farm and brings more on. We furnisli tliem to work on cook 
stove or furnace for either home or market canning. Their small 
cost will be saved in one day. Send for circulars and price.?. Witli 
eacli outfit we furnish free a book of instructions, telling how to 
can all kinds of fruits and vegetables. Prices from $5 to $30. All 
sizes of tin cans at the lowest market price. 

Our descriptive Catalogue gives full description and price of 
Farm Implements, Wagons, Buggies, Fencing, Barb Wire, V-Crimp 
Metal and other Rofings, Engines, Saw-Mills, Threshers, &c., mailed 
free on request. 



THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY 



1302 East Main Street, 



Richmond, Va. 



854 



THE SOUTHEEN PLAITTER 



[September, 



CLUBBING LIST 

In this list will be found prices en 
papers, magazines and periodicals 
which are most called for by our 
readers. We have club rates with 
neany all reputable publications, and 
will quote them on request. 
DAILIES. 

WITH 
AliONK S. P. 

Times-Dispatch, Richmond, 

Va $6 00 $6 00 

Tlmes-Dlspatch (without 

Sunday) 4 00 4 00 

News-Leader, Richmond, 

Va. 8 00 S 00 

The Post, Washington 

D. C 6 00 « 00 

The Sun, Baltimore, Md.. 3 00 8 40 
THRICE A WEEK. 

The World, New York 1 00 1 25 

WEEKLIES. 
Tlmes-Dlspatch, Richmond, 

Va 1 00 1 26 

Southern Churchman, Rich- 
mond, Va 2 00 2 26 

Central Presbyterian, Rich- 
mond, Va 2 00 2 25 

Harper's Weekly 4 00 4 00 

Breeders' Gazette 2 00 1 60 

Country Gentleman 1 56 1 75 

National Stockman and 

Parmer 106 100 

Hoard's Dairyman 100 ISO 

Memphis News-Scimltar. .. 50 75 

SEMI-MONTHLY. 

Kimball's Dairy Parmer. . 1 00 75 

MONTHLIES. 

The Century 4 00 4 25 

St. Nicholas 3 00 3 25 

Llpplncott's 2 50 2 50 

Harper's Magazine 4 00 4 00 

Delineator 1 00 1 40 

Harper's Bazaar 1 00 1 40 

Scribner's 3 00 3 25 

American 1 00 1 35 

Cosmopolitan 1 00 1 35 

Everybody's 1 50 1 75 

Munsey 1 00 1 35 

The Strand 1 20 1 50 

Argosy 1 00 1 35 

Review of Reviews 3 00 3 00 

Field and Stream 1 50 1 50 

Woman's Home Companion 1 00 1 25 

Modern Farming 1 00 1 00 

Reliable Poultry Journal. . 50 75 

Industrious Hen 60 75 

Poultry Success 50 75 

Blood Stock 50 65 

Successful Farming 50 60 

Amer. Fruit and Nut Jour. 50 75 

Southern Fruit Grower. . 50 85 

Shepherd's Criterion 50 75 

Commercial Poultry 50 75 

When two or more publications are 
wanted, the price for them can be 

found by deducting 50 cents from 
"price with Southbbn Plaitteb." 

We cannot, under any circum- 
stances, furnish sample copies of other 
publications. 

We will cheerfully quote our best 
price on any line of publications sub- 
mitted to 11A. 



Farm and Fireside 

Absolutely Free! 

We have made arransements witb this vvell knovni pnbllcaMoa by 
which every farmer In the Sonth may have It absolutely tree o< cost. 
All yon have to do is to subscribe to the 

Southern Planter 

At BO cents a year and say in your orler "send the Farm and Fireside 
also." This offer applies to all subscribers, new and old. 

Farm and Fireside is one of the "old reliable" farm papers. 

For thirty years it has been TTorklns for the best interests of 
American farmers. 

It is clean, helpful and prosrressive. 

Farm and Firesld is a paper for farmers in every section of the 
country. 

It is as careful of its advertisements as of its reading matter, and 
snarantees the honesty and reliability of every advertiser. 

Remember yon get thirty-six helpful farm papers during the year 
for only 60 cents. 

Send your order direct to us. 

The Southern Planter, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R*R* 

and 

Washington Southern Railway^ 



TUB 



DOTTBUEO-TIIAOK 
LUrK. 



Oomnoetlng the 

Atlantic Ccast Ijtmm 
Railroad, 

Baltimore * Ohl* Rail- 
road, 

Chesapeake A OU« Rail- 
way, 

Penasylvnala Rallroa*, 

Seaboard Air L.iae Rail- 
way, 

Soathera Railway 

Betweea All Points via 

Riekmoadi, Va^ aad 

'Washlactoa, D. O. 




THB eATBWAT 
betwamt the 

WORTH Am* Boirrm. 
rAST HAH., 

PASS^uZ: 5 VR, 
BXPRBUI AHD 

FRBioHT uovrm. 



yv. p. TATIjOR, Traflla Maaager. 



W. M. TATIiOR, Vmt. Pam. A«Mifc 



1908.] 



THE SOUTI-IERl^ PLANTER 



855 



HOW HE EXPLAINED. 

The dissatisfied voter out of liis 
regular party had .tried something 
else at the previous election. When 
he appeared to register for the next 
primary there was some hitcn in tne 
proceedings. 

"Didn't you vote the prohibition 
ticket last time?" inquired the clerk. 

"Yes," responded the voter, un- 
abashed. 

"How do you explain that?'' 

"Well, you see," he explained, with 
charming frankness, "I was drunk at 
the time and didn't know what 1 
was doing." 

The clerk accepted the explanation 
as quite satisfactory and took him 
back into the fold again. 

— Sepember Lippincott's. 



CURES SPAVINS, ETC. 

St. Amedes, P. Que., Nov. 26th. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., 

Enosburg Palls, Vt. 
Gentlemen: 

Please send me your valuable 
treatise on the horse and his diseases. 
I have used your spavin cure with 
success and find It an ercellent 
remedy for spaving and other 
diseases. 

Yours respectfully, 

HENRY RILEY. 



Loudoun Co., Va., Feb. 26, 1908. 
I always look forward to the ar- 
rival of the Southern Planter with a 
good deal of interest, and I spend 
many hours from time to time in 
reading the articles therein 

CHAS. MOTi'. 



Campbell Co., Va., Feb. 24, 1908. 

Please continue the Southern 
Planter to my address. If there is 
in this country a farm paper superior 
to yours, I have never seen it. 

THOS. PAUNTLEROY. 



CURES RINGBONE. 
Tamworth, N. H.fl April 1, 1906. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., 

Enosburg Falls, Vt. 
Gentlemen: 

1 have given your Kendall's 
Spavin Cure a trial on a horse for 
ringbone, with the best results, less 
than two bottles effecting a cure, i 
find it will do what you claim if it 
is used as directed. 

Yours very truly, 
MRS. CLARA M. MOODY. 



EDCC CATALOG 
rnLL OFTHIS 
SHOT GUN 



NO HAMMER TO HAMMER 




SIX SHOTS IN FOLK SECONDS 
No unsightly and unsafe hammer to catch on the clothing or cause premature 
discharge if the gun falls. No opening to catch dirt, twigs, rain or snow. Ham- 
merless and covered mechanism. Those are the features. Send today for catalog. 

Sp'ruTOJi^l;' pi'sToir'*^ THE UmON FIRE ARMS CO. 2.%« Auburndale, Toledo, 0. 



Economical, Reliable Running Wafer Service 

A constant supply wherever you want it. Automatic in action — no expense lor power 
or repairs. It's easy with a 

, RIFE HYDRAULIC RASVI 

Large Eind small rams for Country Places, Irrigation, Supply Tanks, Town 
Plants, etc. For every foot water drops to ram it is raised 30 feet. 7,000 in use. 
WRITE FOI? FREE PLANS AND ESTIMATES 

RIF_E_ENGIJMJE_CO..,_2J13TRiNITY_BLD6., NEW TORK 



AUCTION SALE. 



Shetland ponies 



Alamance Stock Farm, Graham, N. 
C, will offer at public auction, on 

; THURSDAY, SEPT., 3, 1908. 

at 11:30 A. M., about 85 head of choice 
Shetland Ponies, many of which are 
the finest specimens to be seen on the 
place. The offerings include ten fine 
brood mares, with foals at their sides; 
35 brood mares, bred to good sires; 
25 yearling- and 2-year-old fillies; sev- 
eral stallions and a lot of geldings fit 
for use. Many of these ponies are as 
fine as can be had, and would not be 
sold at any reasonable price but for 
the continued * ill health of Mr. L. 
Banks Holt, the owner, which renders 
it necessary to reduce the stud at Al- 
amance Farm. For further particulars 
address. 



1908 J908 

AT THE GROVE FARM 
THE GENERAL2nd. 

IMPORTE3D HACKNEY STALLION. 

Magnificent chestnut horse, over 15.2 
hands in height; weight 1250 pounds; 
with superb conformation, grand ac- 
tion and perfect manners. He was im- 
ported by H. K. Bloodgood, the noted 
hackney breeder, of Massachusetts, es- 
pecially for use in the stud. His get, 
which are very fine specimens, may be 
seen at The Grove Farm. 

Fee for the fall season of 1908, $15; 
single leap $10, due at time of service. 

T. O Sandy, Dr .John Young and Dr. 

G. Ferneyhous'b, Owners. 

BtJRKEVILLE, VA. 

N. B. We are offering for sale at at- 
tractive prices, two young hackney 
stallions, one and two years old, both 
registered and splendid individuals. 



H. G. Caktee. 



W. T. Cakter. 



McBride Holt, 



GRAHAM. 
N.C. 



p. S. — Alamance Farm is on the line 
of Southern Railway, between Greens- 
boro and Raleigh. 



CAN CANCER BE CURED? 

n CAN. 

We want every man and woman 
In the United States to know what 
we are doing — we are curing Can- 
cers, Tumors and Chronic Sores 
without the use of the knife or by 
X-Ray, and are endorsed by the 
Senate and Legislature of Virginia. 

We Guarantee Our Cures. 

KELLAM HOSPITAL 

1615West Main St., Richmond, Va. 

FRED C. KELLAM, President. 



H. 0. CARTER & CO., 

Successors to 
F. H. DKANH & CO. 

HAY, GRAIN, MILL-PEED 
AND FLOUR. 

1105 East Gary Street, 
RICHMOND, VA. 

HACKNEY STAXiLION. 

PATRICK HENRY. 

Chestnut horse by "Squire Rlckel," 
son of the famous Cadet; dam, "Mar- 
Jorle," a gold medal winner by "RoBe- 
berry." 

A POLLARD A SONS, 

R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va. 

Dunraven Stock Farm, 

DUVEEN 

Regrtstered, see Vol. XVIII, American 

Trotting Register. 

Bay horse, trotter, foaled 1906, by 
Kelly, 2:27, son of Electioneer, 125, 
dam Maggie Johnston, by William O. 
Watkins. 

Fee: $10 season. 

R. ELLYSON EAVE5LL, Owner. 

403 Montelro Ave., Barton Heights, 

Rlcbmond, Vn. 

WEALTH, 29579. Record 2:10 

Bay horse, 16 hands; weight 1,100 

pounds, by Gambetta Wilkes, world's 
leading sire of standard performers, 
with over 20f^ in the list; dam Mag- 
nolia, by Norfolk, 3670, sire of Miss 
Nelson, 2:11%, etc. Wealth combines 
fine size and good looks, .v^ith great 
natural speed. 

Fee — ?25 insurance. 

Address: 

I. J. COFFIN, 
R. F. D. No. 5, Richmond, Va. 



856 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[September, 



SALLY'S QUESTION. 

The worthy Sunday-school superin- 
tendent of a certain Maryland town is 
also the village dry goods merchant. 
He is as energetic and efficient in his 
religious as in his secular capacity. 
An amusing incident is told of his 
attempt to enlarge the scriptural 
knowledge of a class of little girls. 

He had told most eloquently the les- 
son of the day, and at the conclusion 
he looked about the room and inquired 
encouragingly: 

"Now, has any one a question to 
ask?" 

Slowly and timidly one little girl 
raised her hand. 

"What is the question, Sally? Don't 
be afraid. Speak out." 

The little girl fidgeted in her seat, 
twisted her fingers nervously, cast her 
eyes down; finally, in a desperate out- 
burst, she put the question: 

"Mr. Ward, how much are those 
gloves for girls in your window?" — 
August Lippincott's. 



Franklin Co., Va., Mar. 6, 1908. 

I like the Southern Planter very 
much. If we could get all the farm- 
ers to take it and follow its instruc- 
tions this old State would bloom as a 
rose. 

B. C. DILLON. 



A LOVERS' QUARREL. 

Two young persons of Germantown 
had been engaged, had quarreled, but 
were too proud to "make up." Fur- 
thermore, both were anxious to have 
it believed they had entirely forgotten 
each other. 

One day the young man called, osten- 
sibly on business with her father, on 
which occasion it chanced that she 
should answer the door-bell. 

The young man was game. 'Pardon 
me," he said, with the politest of bows, 
"Miss Eaton, I believe. Is your father 
in?" 

"I am sorry to say he is not," the 
young woman responded, without the 
slightest sign of recognition. "Do you 
wish to see him personally? 

"Yes," replied the young man, as he 
turned to go down the steps. 

"I beg your pardon," called out the 
young woman, as he reached the low- 
est step, "but who shall I say called?" 



THE REASON. 



"Why doesn't Smith call in his fam- 
ily physician? Has he lost confidence 
in him?" 

"No, the doctor has lost confidence 
in Smith!" — August Lippincott's. 



McDowell Co., N. C, Feb. 17, 1908. 
The Southern Planter has been a 
great help and pleasure to me. 

MRS. D. A. BROWN. 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 
(Detailed Index.) 
Keeping Pumpkins — Sweet and 

Irish Potatoes 832 

Advice as to Change of Occupa- 
tion 832 

To Prevent Skippers 833 

Vinegar Making 833 

Green Fallow for Wheat 834 

Alfalfa Growing. Grapes Rotting. 

Pumpkins. Butter Making 834 

E'xtermination of Fleas 836 

Time for Grazing Cow Peas 836 

Sassafras for Fence Posts 837 

Pear Blight — Wheat Fertilizer — 

Peach Borers 838 

Grazing or Fallowing Cow Peas — 

Crimson Clover 838 

Growing Flax in Virginia 839 

Varieties of Peaches for Home 

Consumption 839 

Lame Colt 839 

Curing Fox or Coon Skins 840 

Lame Colt 840 

Breed of Cattle 840 

Pigs With Cough 840 

Seeding Grass 840 

Lame Colt 841 

Wood Ashes — Hen Manure — Farm- 
Yard Manures-Preparation for 

Wheat 841 

Deep Plowing — Subsoiling, &c 842 

Fulling Fodder— Outgrowing 842 

Grape Growing 843 

Poultry Farm 843 

Scotch Kale 844 

Saving Hay 844 




Wear STEEL SHOES! 



IVIore Sore, Tired, Wei and Aching Feet 
—No IVEore Stiffness, Colds and Rheumatism 
—No IVIore Big Bills to Pay for Working Shoes 

You will not suffer from wet, sore, blistered, aching:, feverish feet, or run the risk of colds or rheuma- 
tism if you wear Steel Shoes. For these steel-bottomed shoes, with their waterproof leather uppers, are 
so easy on the feet that it is a positive pleasure to wear them. They do not heat and sweat the feet, like 
rubber boots. Neither lo they become water-soaked and warped out of shape, as leather shoes do. 

They are ligrht in weight, yet so strong and durable that they will outwear from three to six pairs of the 
best all-leather shoes. In fact, they actually save at least 15 to JIO of your shoe money every year, besides 
saving sickness and doctors' bills. 



FREE! 



Send for our i 
booklet,' 
Soleof Steel"' , 
— or betterstill/ 
send for a pair of 
Steel Shoes. See 
our Money-Back and 
Guarantee Offer below. 

Cheaper Than All-Leather Shoes 

Our $2.60 Steel Shoes, with uppers 6 inches high, 
are better than the best $3 50 nil-leather shoes. 

Our S3. 50 Steel Shoes, with uppers 9 inches hich, 
flre worth more than the best all-leather shoes 
you can buy at any price. One pair of Steel Shoes 
Will outwear from three to six pairs of all- 
•OJitUer shoes. Steel Shoes need no breaking in. 
They feel comfortable from the very first minute 
.tou put them on. The leather uppers do not l»e- 
pome dry and hard, but keep pliable ns Iouk as 
the shoe is worn. They are the cheapest working 
-"lioes made, regardless of fir.Rt cost, for one pair 
liwts a whole year and you never spend a cent for 
"liulf soles" and repairing heels. 



They Save Doctors' Bills 

Wear Steel Shoes and you can work in wet ground 
without fear of colds, rheumatism, stiffnebs or 
other diseases caused by wet or cold feet. 
They keep your feet always dry and warm in any 
kind of weather. The thick, spring Hair 
Cushions or Insoles inside the shoe absorb 
all perspiration and odors. You can easily 
tiike out, clean and dry the Hair Cushion 
each night. This Cushion prevents the 
jars of walking, and keeps corns and 
callouses from forming. 
Not only will Steel Shoes give greater 
foot comfort than you have everknown 
before, but they will pay for them- 
selves over and over again in the saving 
of medicine and doctors' bills. 



Our Full- Year Guarantee ="nr'e .I'te 

in guaranteeing Steel Shoes for one full year from 
(late of purchase. The soles and an inch above 
the soles are stamped out of one piece of special 
fine steel, without joint or seam. Absolutely 
wejir-proof and accident- proof. This sole is as 
light as a leather sole anil so strong that protrud- 
ing nails cannot penetrate it. It is studded with 
steel rivets underneath, to keep your feet from 
slipping when ice or snow make walking difficult 
and dangei'ous. The uppers are made of tlie best 
pliable water-proof leather that money can buy. 

This conibinntioii of absohitcly rigid sole and pliable up- 
pers compels the shoe to always keep its shapo. No wondt-r 
wo pimrantpe Steel Shoes for a full year, yizes. 6 to 12. 



^TEEL SHOE COMPANY, Department 39, RACINE, WISCONSIN 



Your Money Back if Not O.K. 

You are perfectly safe in sending to us for a pair of Steel 
Shoes, as we agree to refun<l your money promptly and freely 
if you are not satisfied when you see the shoes. Money 
cannot buy better working shoes than either the $2.50 or S^IBO 
style. You get more foot comfort and health protection, 
longer wear and greater satisfaction in a pair of Steel Shoes 
than money can buy elsewhere. 

We strongly recomm.end the S3.50 pair, because the 9-inch 
uppers give the best possible protection and the utmost satis- 
faction. Send $3.50 for 9- inch Steel Shoes, state size you 
wear, and we will ship you without delay the best and m.o&t 
comfortable working shoes you ever wore. 

For convenience, fill in. clip out and mail the coupon. 



Order Blank for Steel Shoes • 

Steel Shoe Co., Dept, 39, Racine, Wis. - 



Gentlemen:— I enclose. 



-for 



Jn payment for 



pair Steel Shoes, 



size- 



Name 
Town_ 



_State. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



857 



The ^^f^em^Way^^ Gasoline Engine. 





Simple - Strong - Light - Reliable 

COOLED BY AIR. 

No Cylinders to Crack Prom Freeasing. Dust Proof. A 11 bearings and cogs inclosed and run iu oil . Buy tlie 
New-Way, the Air Cooled Engine. Designed especially for tlie farmer. 

Write for Prices and Catalogue. 

Stockdell'WIyers Hardware Co^, 

Distributing Agents For Virginia and North Carolina, 

PETERSBURG, VA. 



The Latest Improved and the Best 
Wheat, Etc., Drill. 




THE 

DOUBLE ACTION HARROW 



has revolutionized the use of harrows. 
There is nothing- that approaches its 
work. 

No farmer can afford not to use it. 
It will pay to break up any harrow 
you have and get one of these. 

If you want the names of farmers 
using these tools, write us. 



S-disc drill with grass seed and fertilizer, 
complete, $G2.50. 

W'e acknowledge it is the "Superior Fertilizer" hopper and the 
"Farmers' Favorite" g-rain hopper combined into a wheat drill. 

Why is our price low? It costs as much to manufacture our drill but 
you don't have to pay agent's commissions and traveling men's expenses. 
That's Why. 

Ashton Starke, Richmond, Va. 



Double Action Cutaway. 




858 



THE SOUTHEEIT PLANTEE 



[September, 



FARMERS' NATIONAL CONGRESS. 
TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SES- 
SION TO BE HELD AT MADISON, 
WIS., SEPTEMBER 24-30, 1908. 

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM AND AN- 
NOUNCEMENT. 

The 28th annual session of the 
Farmers' National Congress will open 
in Madison, Wis., September 24, at 11 
A. M. with prayer by Right Rev. John 
Hazen White, Bishop of Northern In- 
diana. Welcoming addresses will be 
delivered by Gov. Davidson, of Wis- 
consin, and Mayor Schubert, of Madi- 
■Bon. There will be responses by Vice 
President Joshua Strange, of Indiana, 
and others. 

The meeting will be held in the audi- 
torium of Agricultural Hall. Hon. W. 
D. Hoard, chairman of the board of 
regents of the University, C. R. Van 
Hise, President of the University, 
Dean H. L. Russell, Prof. W. A. Henry, 
Dr. S. M. Babcock, and others who 
have helped in the agricultural up- 
building of the State and nation, will 
be present and assist in making the 
meeting entertaining and instructive. 
( Lake Wingra Park car which stops at 
College avenue within one block of 
agricultural hall.) 

WISCONSIN AGRICULTURAL COL- 
LEGE. 

The session will be held in a city 
where Is located one of the leading 
agricultural colleges of the country, 



and connected with which are many 
agricultural leaders of even interna- 
tional reputation. The opportunity to 
visit and study this college, and to 
meet the distinguished gentlemen con- 
nected with it will be an unusual priv- 
ilege. The following gentlemen con- 
nected with the college have consented 
to deliver addresses during the ses- 
sion: Hon. W. D. Hoard, influence of 
the Babcock test; Dr. W. R. Russell, 
bovine tuberculosis, with post mortem 
demonstrations; Prof. A. R. Moore, 
grain breeding; Prof. Whitson, soil 
drainage; Dr. A. H. Alexander, illus- 
trated lecture on horses. 

The subject of tuberculosis is one 
of the most important before the coun- 
try to-day, and Dr. Russell's talk will 
be one of the most valuable feautres 
of the Congress. He will give full in- 
formation, that can be absolutely re- 
lied upon, as to the tuberculin test and 
its application. Prof. Geo. C. Hum- 
phrey will conduct a demonstration at 
the dairy barn pavilion on the differ- 
ent types and breeds of cattle. 

PROMINENT SPEAKERS. 

Among others who have signified 
an intention to be present and address 
the Congress are: Hon. R. G. Glenn, 
governor of North Carolina; Hon. 
Albert B. Cummings, governor of Iowa; 
Hon. J. A. Johnson, governor of Min- 
nesota; Hon. James Sheakley, of Penn- 
sylvania, ex-governor of Alaska; Hon. 
Harvie Jordan, of Georgia, ex-president 



of the Farmers' National Congress and 
president of the Southern Cotton Grow- 
ers' Association; Col. Robert E. Lee, 
Jr., of Virginia; M. R. Myers, of Chi- 
cago, (on Farmers' Co-operative Enter- 
prises) ; Hon. J. J. Hill, of St. Paul, 
Minn.; Hon. W. W. Kitchen, of North 
Carolina, (Relation of Government to 
Agriculture) ; Dr. Geo. T. Winston, 
president of the North Carolina A. and 
M. College, Raleigh, (The Purchasing 
Power of Agricultural Products) ; Dr. 
Isham Randolph, chief engineer of the 
Chicago Canal and consulting engineer 
of the Panama canal. What the Uni- 
ted States reclamation service is doing 
for American agriculture will also be 
explained in an illustrated address. 



A PRINCETON STUDENTS WIT. 

An ingenious and amusing answer 
was recently given by a student in the 
natural philosophy class at Princeton 
University. 

An instructor gave the question: 
"Define transparent, translucent, and 
apaque." 

"I cannot, professor," answered the 
student, "precisely define these terms, 
but I can indicate their meaning in 
this way: the windows of this room 
were once transparent, they are now 
translucent, and if not cleaned very 
soon, they will be opaque." — august 
Lippincott's. 



The One Simple Enaine. 



— the one engine that is really steady. 
The reason is that it has but 1-3 the 
parts. There are but 4 moving parts 
to Its valve action. All others have 
12 and more. That's why they're balky 
and hard to understand. You can't 
take proper care of such engines. That's 
why you need ours. 

We have the largest and costliest gas 
engine factory in the United States. 

We made and sold last year nearly 
3,000 McVickers. 

None but the best engine could build 
up a business like that. 

Our patents are the most marvelous 
on record in Washington. The reason 
is this: 

They do away with all cams, gears, 
ratchet wheels, tumbling rods, eccen- 
trics, etc. — things you know nothing 
about, perhaps. If you're not familiar 
with these things, there's all the more 
reason why you don't want them in 
any engine you buy. 

For you want to run your engine 
yourself. 

Yovi don't want an engineer. 

And these are the "jim cracks" that 
cause most of the trouble and most of 
the need for repairs. 

There are over 500 gasoline engines 
to choose from. 

499 are practically the same — they 
must employ these troublesome parts 
in order to run at all. 

There is but one which is simple — 
one which is minus these parts. That's 
the McVicker. 

DECIDE) AVHICH IS BEST 

All engines are claimed to be simple. 



For simplicity is of vital importance. 
And all makers know this. But some 
dealers will tell you that our engine is 
too simple. They hope in this way to 
keep you away from comparison. They 
have no argument with which . to off- 
set our claims. That is tlreir substi- 
tute. 

We invite comparison. For that will 
i»r<»ve all our claims. Compare the 
McVicker with any engine you know. 
You can in this way decide absolutely 
which is the best farm engine made 
in the country to-day. 

For when you have compared the 
McVicker with one, you have compared 
it with all, for all others are nearly 
exactly alike. 

We suggest that you get demonstra- 
tions and notice the action of each. 
For that will tell you more in ten 
minutes than two hours' of talking. 

Let the McVicker sell itself to you — - 
after you've seen the others. 

We prefer that you first see the oth- 
ers, for then our engine's advantages 
will completely convince you. 

Write us to-day for the catalog that 
tells of the many advantages of 

The McVicker. 

— how it develops ore-sixth more power 
and uses less fuel and oil — how it 
stands 50 per cent, more sudden over- 
load than any other engine. One of 
our 3 1-2 h. p. engines pumps 35,000 
gallons for Chas. Bunn, of Ithaca, 
Mich., in 24 hours without a bit of at- 
tention and on 2 gallons of fuel. 

Think what it is to have the engine 



with but 57 parts, counting even the 
nuts and screws. 

The next simplest engine to ours 
that we know has more than 180 parts. 
That's why the McVicker is strongest 
- — why it stands more wear and tear. 
POAVER-HOUSE PLANS FREE. 

We send you free with the catalog 
plans for a model farm power-house. 
Also a book full of letters telling what 
users think of our engine: 

We make all sizes from 2 to 30 h. p., 
mounted all ways for all uses. Also 
traction engines. The McVicker twice 
doubles the value of any labor-saving 
machine that you own. 

Don't decide on an engine until you 
get full information and learn the name 
of the dealer near you who will de- 
monstrate for you. Compare the Mc- 
Vicker with others — and let the best 
be vour choice. 

Write a postal to-day — now, before 
you forget. Address 
AliMA MFG CO, 



Station L,. Alma, Blich. 




SIMPLEST BY OVER 114 PARTS. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHEEF PLANTER 



859 



WHIRLWINO^ 

SILO 
FILLER 



or shred 

green or dry fodder and 
cut hay or straw. Our cat- 
, alog explains why Whirl" 
winds succeed where 
others fail. Carried in 
stock at principal trans- 
fer points. Pamphlet,— 
■'How and Why to Fill a 
Silo," sent free. 



I S^SSZQSECCC^EZ^S 






Wilder-Strong Implement Co, 

Boi 82 
Monroe, Mich. 



Greatest Capacity. 

liCaHt Power. 

8 to 10 Tons. 

Green Corn Per Hour. 



Qkuu^te--'^ 



axMt ^i^ m i ^aag W f ^ 



'■EVERYTHING USED ON THE FARM/' 



Farming Machinery, Vehicles, Harness* 



t 



A Few Seasonable Implements: 



"ONTARIO" AND "PENNSYLVANIA GRAIN DRILLS. 

WILDER-STRONG "WHIRL\*IND» SILO FILLER. 

"SWISS" FODDER AND FEED CUTTERS. 

"SIcVICKER' GASOLINE ENGINES. 

"NEW HOLLAND" AND "PEERLESS" FEED GRINDERS. 

HORSE POWERS AND CORN AND COB GRINDERS COMBINED. 

"THORNHILL" AND TENNES.«.EE" FARM WAGONS. 

"ANDERSON" BUGGIES, SURREYS, AND RUNABOUTS. 

CORN BINDERS, TWINE AND OIL. 

WOOD SAWING OUTFITS. 

W^rite for Circular and Prices on Anytliing Needed. 



W. K. BAGHE, SONS & MULFORD. 

U06 East Main Streett Richmond, Va» 

W. K. BACHE. S. S. MULFORD. HARDIN K. BACHE. CYRUS McC. BACHE. 



1 ' M " V < ' 'I I »l »l »l «l H W i V ^ > ^ I - V1V^FW 






^ A^ A,A.A A.<ft....ti>^A^^ -^^i^^atui*-"*-^'^^ 



-*"-*--*^^*"—"^-*-^-*" '■"-*--■" '*--*"^'^'*-^-^"'^-*"-^-^'*-'*-^-*"*--*i*-^'^"'""^*- 



Implements, Machinery, Vehicles. 




Fairbanks-Morse Gasolin« 
and Kerosene Engines, Wind- 
Mills, Towers, Tanks, New 
Holland Corn and Cob Mills, 
Wood Saws, Owensboro ana 
Buckeye Farm Wagons, Hick- 
ory and Peters Buggies and 
Carriages, Bissel and Genuine 
Dixie Plows and Repairs, J. I. 
Case Portable and Traction 
Kngines, Separators. 



THE NEW IDEA MANURE SPREADER. 

Built like a wagon— Axles same length, Tires 4 inches wide— Best on Earth. Write for 
special offer on first machine sold in each county of our territory. 

Repairs For All Farm Machinery. 

POSTAL TJS FOR CATAIiOGlTKS OR ANY INITORMATION DBSIRBD. 

F. C. HOENNIGER &, BRO., INC. 

1 432 East Main Street Richmond, Va. 

(F. C. Hoennlger, Free. & Tres.; T. W. Hocnnlger, V.-PrM. A Mgr.; L. O. Boon*, 8«ey.) 



860 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[September^ 



HEADS OF FAMILIES AT THE 
FIRST CENSUS, 1790. 

About a year ago your attention was 
called to the fact that Congress had 
authorized the Director of the Census 
to publish, during the fiscal year 1907, 
the names of heads of families with 
related data secured upon the sched- 
ules of the first Census of the United 
States, 1790, and that under that au- 
thority the Director of the Census an- 
nounced the publication of the returns 
for three States, New Hampshire, Ver- 
mont, and Maryland, the resources of 
the Bureau not being sufficient to com- 
plete these publications. 

During the session of Congress just 
closed, authority was granted the Di- 
rector of the Census to continue the 
publication of the returns ofr the re- 
maining States for which records are 
in existence during the present fiscal 
year. Accordingly, the returns for 
Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, New York. Pennsylvania, 
North Carolina, and South Carolina 
have been compiled and are now in 
press. 

I addition to the above, the State 
records for Virginia for 1782 to 1785 
have bee nobtained from the State 
government and will be ussed in lieu 
of Census returns. 

As in the case of the previous issues, 
each State will be published separate- 
ly as a part, or volume, consisting of 
from -00 to 300 pages, handsomely 



printed upon antique paper, sewed 
and bound with turned handsome cov- 
ers. Each part will be fully indexed, 
and will contain as a frontispiece a 
map of the State represented, 11 by 
17 inches in size, reproduced by litho- 
graphy from an atlas published in 
1796. 

In accordance with the law, these 
pamphlets are offered for sale by the 
Director of the Census at the uniform 
price of $1 for each part. A limited 
number of sets will be bound up, so 
that all parts will appear in uniform 
cloth binding of a substantial charac- 
ter, making approximately four vol- 
umes. No extra charge will be made 
for the cloth binding in such cases. 

As your State is one of the original 
States enumerated in 1790 for which 
the returns are being published, as 
above explained, desire to ask your 
co-operation in making known the 
publication of thes important histori- 
cal records, since the patronage will, 
of course, come principally from per- 
sons residing in the States for which 
the returns are printed, or from resi- 
enumeration. Inclosed herewith you 
dents of other States who are the de- 
scendants of persons included in the 
will find sample pages presenting cer- 
tain historical arid*explanatory matter. 
Very respectfully, 

S. N. D. NORTH, 
Director of the Census. 

Bureau of the Census, 
Washington, D. C, July 1, 1908. 



THE' ARCHBISHOP AND THE 
BULLS. 

At the time Archbishop Ryan was 
selected for the position which he now 
occupies with so much distinction, 
there was some difficulty concerning 
the official announcement of his ap- 
pointment. Three or four weeks 
elapsed, and still the Papal Bull had 
not reached him. One of his friends, 
who was deeply concerned in the doc- 
ument, said to him with deep solici- 
tude: 

"Your Grace, what do you suppose 
has become of your Bulls?" 

"I don't know," was the smiling re- 
joinder, "unless they are grazing on 
the Alps." — August Lippincott s. 



PADDY'S PIPE DREAM. 
"Begorra!" old Paddy O'Flarity 
cried, 
"Yez c'n say what yez like, but thot 

newspaper lied. 
It said I c'd see the eclipse if I'd 
smoke 
Asmall bit of glass. Sure a piece I 
hov broke 
And filled up me poipe with the bits 

nate and small, 
And divil a bit c'n I loight it at all!" 
— August Lippincott's. 



Princess Anne Co., Va., Feb. I'S, '08. 
I admire the Southern Planter 
very much and r ad it carefully every 
month. 

W. S. FENTRESF. 



THE FOOS. 



THE STANDARD 



ENGINE OF THE WORLD. 

The product of 21 years' experience, and the largest plant 
in the world devoted exclusively to the building of gas and 
gasoline engines. 




DO NOT EXPERIMENT BUT BUY AN 

ENGINE THAT HAS STOOD 

THE TEST. 

Write for Prices and Catalogue 

Stockdell-IWyersH'dw'e.Co. 

PETERSBURG, VA. 
Distributing Agents For 

VIBGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA. 



1908.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



SGI 



NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS APPA- 
LACHIAN NATIONAL FOREST 
ASSOCIATION 

Washington, D. C, August 25. 

The disastrous floods now raging 
throughout the South, with their ap- 
palling damage to human lives and to 
property, is a striking 1 hough lament- 
able and costly object lesson, said an 
■official of the National Forest Associa- 
tion to-day. With the terrential rain- 
fall in the Piedmont and Appalachian 
Mountain region, coupled with the 
•criminal deforestation of the mountain 
sides throughout this section, at the 
headwaters of our Southern streams, 
no other result than severe floods can 
be expected, and this condition, as 
bad as it is, must steadily grow worse 
and increasingly more damaging, 
until our people return to sanity in 
their treatment of the forests. It 
proves as no other lesson can, the 
need of the forest covering, and bears 
eloquent testimony to what we are 
preaching day in and day out, that 
our forests are absolutely essential to 
the nation's life and must be pre- 
served, if these woeful conditions and 
losses are to be prevented. 

Such work as our Association is 

doing, in setting forth the facts: In 

calling attention to the results of our 

'present methods and policies; in 



awakening the interest and conscience 
of the earnest and thoughtful indi- 
vidual, must in time, and we hope 
before all the forests are gone, make 
the South realize that her forests 
must be saved, and must call forth 
such unanimous sentiment and effort 
therefor, that they will be saved. 

Surely we are not true to ourselves 
or to our Southland, if this grave mat- 
ter, affecting as it does the very life 
of our people, and their material 
prosperity now and in the future, does 
not receive the immediate attention 
it deserves. 

We must have not only the Appala- 
chian National Forest, but we must 
have State forests throughout the en- 
tire South — it is only through and by 
means of both that forest perpetua- 
tion will become a reality, 
shi dera- sxshrd etaoi hrdl taoin hrda 



Year Book of the American Devon 
Cattle Club for 1908. 

Battens Agricultural Directory. Geo. 
Batten Company. New York City. A 
well compiled and useful book. 

Profitable Farming with a Gasolene 
Traction Engine. Horace L. Smith, 
Petersburg, Va. agent for Hurt-Parr 
Co., Charles City, Iowa. 



PREMIUM LISTS. 

The Inter-State Fair, Lynchburg, 
Va., September 29 to October 2, 1908. 

Loudoun Heavy Draft and Agricul- 
tural Association. Leesburg, Va., Sep- 
tember 9 and 10, '908. 



CATALOGUES, ETC. 

Report of the 23rd annual meeting 
of the Holsfein-Friesian Association 
of America, June 23, 1908. 

State Normal School, Farmville, Va. 



THE PREACHER'S ADVICE. 
"My friends," said an itinerant 
preacher, "the Scroptural rule for giv- 
ing was one-tenth of what a man pos- 
sessed. If you feel you can't afford so 
much, just give a sixth, or a fourth, 
according to your means. We will 
dispense with the next hymn, and take 
up the collection." — August Lippin- 
cott's. 



Middlesex Co., Va., Feb. 11, 1908. 

I feel that the Southern Planter 
and myself are destined to be life 
long friends while I farm, as I go to 
it for counsel and advice whenever 
needed. 

V. E. MARCHANT. 



Albemarle Co., Va., Feb. 13, 1908. 

I would not want to get along 
without the Southern Planter. It is 
a great help, especially to the 
amateur farmer. 

J. H. BATCHELDER. 



LEADING 1908 UP-TO-DATE LA89B SAVJNG 20TH CENTURY MACHINERY. 




SCIENTIFIC STEEL CORN HAR- 
VESTER. The best Harvester on 
earth for standing corn. 
Safety Seats. Safety Shafts. 



Made In sizes to suit all wants from 
5 to 15 Horse Power Engine. Sold on 
their own merits. Pay for same after 
tried and satisfied. Write for catalogue. 
Largest Capacity and Strongest Built. 






SUPERIOR GRAIN DRILLS. 

Plain and Fertilizer, Hoe and Disc 
Drills. All sizes. 



BROWN Steel Lever Harrows. Wood 
Harrows. Case-Ring Bearing Disc 
Harrows, Spring Tooth Harrows. All 
sizes, plain or with levers. Acme Har- 
rows of all styles kept in stock at 
lowest net prices. 



Kemp's Twentieth Century Improved 
Manure Spreader. Made in five sizes. 
Write for special Catalogue and prices. 

"Milwa.ukee Corn Huskers and Shred- 
ders 




Balers. 



Studebaker Farm Trucks — with wood 
Eli" Horse and Steam Power Hay or steel wheels and removable bolster 

stakes. Write for prices. 



HENING & NUCKOLS, 1436-38 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



862 



THE SOUTHEEl^" PLA^^TER 



[September, 



Get a Spotless Farm Wagon. 



It doesn't matter where your farm Is or how ser 
Spotless Wagons will fill the bill, and do it to your own 

Prices on freight, collect from our factory in Sou 
from Richmond, Va. 



viceable a wagon you need, one of our One or Two-Horse 

satisfaction, 
thern Virginia. Add $1 to price If you wish them shipped 



$1 Brings a Spotless Wagon to You. 



To show you how great our faith in Spotless Wa 
part, and we will ship you any Spotless "Wagon you de 
compare it to other wagons and if you are not convin 
send you your $10 and pay freight both ways. Now, 
the freight agent balance due and freight and take w 
you may return if not as represented. 



gons is just send us $10, as a sign of good faith ©n your 
sire to your freight office. Examine it, look it over, 
ced it is a great bargain ship back to us and we will 
isn't that talking business? If you are satisfied, pay 
agon. Furthermore, after you have tried the wagon 




Two Horse Wagon Complete Without Brake S44.40. 

THIMBLE SKBIN ONE MORSE SPOTLESS WAQON. 

With Double Box, Spring Seat and Shafts. 





Size of 
Skein 

(Or Axle) 


Size of 
Tire 


Height of Wheels. 


Dimensions of Beds 


>> 

o 
ce 
P. 
a! 
O 


Prices 




Front 


Hind 


Lower 


Top 


Length 


Complete 
Wagon 

with body 
and seat 


Running 
Gear 
only 


2B1790 

2B1792 


2J^x7}^ 


\% X 5-16 


3 ft. 2 in. 
3 ft. 2 In. 


3!4 X 8 in. 
3J2 X 8 in. 


93^ in. 


i% in. 
4J4in. 


7 ft. 6 in. 
7 ft. 6 in. 


1500 
1800 


$27.75 
28. 7S 


$23.40 
24,38 



THIMBLE SKEIN TWO HORSE WAQON 



2BI793 
2B1794 
2B1796 



23^ X 8 I 1J| X 3^ 
2%:^S^A\ 1^x7-16 
3 X 9 I li^i ^ 



Sft. 4 in. 
3 ft. 4 in. 
Sft. 4 in. 



4 ft. 
4 ft. 
4 ft. 



11>^ in. 
11»4 in. 
UJ^ in. 



6 in. 
7J^in. 
SYi in. 



9 fc 6 in. 
9 ft. 6 in 

9 ft. 6 iQ. 



20J0 
2501) 
2700 



$44.40 
45.60 
46.80 



$37 80 
39.00 
40.20 



ONE HORSE STEEL AXLE WAGON 

With Double Box, Spring Seat and Shafts. 



2B1798 
2B1800 



iVs - 7 
li4 X 7 



11? X ,5-16 



3i< X 2 In. I 314 X 8 in. 
3^ X 2 in. |3 ft. X 8 in. 



gj^ln. 
9% in. 



iH in. 
4% In. 



7 ft. 
7 ft. 



6 in. 
6 In. 



1500 
1800 



$27 75 
2S 80 



$23.40 
$24.60 



STBBL AXLE TWO HORSE WAGONS. 



\%x8 
l>tf x8 J^ 

1^X9 



1% X % 
lyi X 7-16 
13^ xj^ 



2B1802. 
2B1804 . 
2BI806 . 



3 ft. 4 in. 
3 ft. 4 in. 
3 ft. 4 in. 



4 ft. 
4 ft. 
4 ft. 



Uy^ in. 
11>^ in. 
113^ in. 



6 in. 

7>^in. 
8>^in. 



9 ft. 6 in. 
9 ft. 6 in. 
9 ft. 6 In. 



2000 
2500 
2700 



$46.80 
48 00 
49.20 



$40.20 
41.40 
42.60 



WAQON EXTRAS 



Spring Seat^ complete for either one or two horse wagon , 

Shafts, for one horse wagon, complete , 

Bod; Brakes, for one horse wagon, complete 

Gear Brakes, for one horse wagon, complete , 

Gear Brakes, two horse wagon, complete 

liock Chains, two horse wagons, complete 



91.50 each 

S.40 each 

2.75 each 

3.40 each 

4.50 each 

.47 each 



Our Guarantee. 

will make good any and all breaks due to defective workmanship and material which appears In the 



first year after purchase. 



SPOTLESS CO., INC.. 



122 SHOCKOe 
SQUaRE 



RICHMOND, VA. 



IMPLEMENTS^ VEHICLES AND MACHINERY 

THE WATT PLOW CO., Richmond, Va. 





Root & Vanderyoort 
A Alamo Gasolene 
Engines from 7 to 25 
Horse Power. Write 
for ciicular telling of Fish, Moline & Weber 2-Horse 

their many good Wagons. Champion & Hickory 

points. 

1-Horse Wagons. 



Hocking Valley 

Cider Mills 

3 Sizes 




Success Manure Spreader. 



Smalley 
Horse Powers 
for 2, 4 or 6 

Horses. 




■^^S!fe^ 




B uc k e y 
Comb ine d 
Grain and 
F er til ize r 
Drill with 
Grass Seed 
Attachment. 





Columbus 
Wrenn, C o n - 
tinental and 
John Deere 
Buggies and 
Surreys 



Baling Presses for Hand and Power. 



THE WATT PLOW CO., RICHMOND, VA. 

1426 East Main Street. J438 East Franklin Street. 




Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company 

Record of NortKwestern Policy'No. 95.216. 

Twenty Payment Life Pla.n, with additions, issued January 19, L878, at age 31. 
Amount, $2,500 Annual Premium, $77.08 

The insured paid the premiums in full, using the divi- The additions to the original policy are $',765.00 

dends to purchase full-paid participating additions to i Total premiums paid * 1,54160 

the policy At the anniversary of the policy in January, ', 

1908, the full-paid additions amounted to .... |1 7H5 00 \ Excess of additions over premiums paid . . . .$ 223.40 

Original policy . . 2,500.00 \ »> 

I Thirty years of Life Insurance for an increasing 

Sal?rfmKl:fd-.-.V.;;...;...;.:.::^ I ao^ount ranging from $2,500 to $4,255, and a Paid-up 

, j Life Insurance Estate of $4,265 participating m future 

Insurance exceeds premiums paid by $2,723.40 i dividends— obtained at a total cost of $1,541.60 

T. ARCHiBALO GARY, 

General Agent for Virginia aofl bfortii Carolina, 601 Mutual Assurance Society Building, Riohmona, Virginia. 

— Corrugated V-Crimp Roofing — 

painted and galvanized. 
"Bestoid" Rubber Roofing 

j^ gi fc.'^:^.. Carey's Magnesia Cemeat Roofing 

Tarred Paper, Tin Plate, Lime, 

^HIQ0'^i'^HHHH^^ A ^W^^ IH^ Cement, Hardware, Terra Cotta 

Pipe, Wire Fence, Drain Tile, etc. 

"I^^B^i^W^^' SHND FOB CATALOSUB. 

BALDWIN & BROWN. 1557 E. MAIN ST., RICHMOND, VA. 

THE EVERLASTING TUBULAR STEEL PLOW D0UBLETREE5. 

Guaranteed not to Break or Bend. || Send for Our Number 8 Catalogue 

Fnrnished with Hook or Ring for Plow Mnssle. X^ *""■ 1*08. Get acquainted with our complete line, 

also Traces. W^ THEIR USE SPELLS ECONOMY. 

We manufacture a mm,, , , , ^m , ^^ ---^-~*|M^*^ S ^ |kiW|ii^l|||l||l||^^Mlf»^ ^»k ^^^ Dealer (or 

complete line of Don- ■|piMMHi^^ M(^ggB ^fta||jJM|^^^^^^^^^B^^^l^B Them and Take no 

bletree«, Singletrees, Q DETACHABLE SiligletreeS W '^^^^ ^«"--' ^^ 
and Neck Yokes of JB ■% t^ e ff- SL, ''^^^' made In three 

every description. ^ witH Safety Trace Hoohs Q" *»"'^«- 



Pittsburg Tubular Steel Whiffletree Company. Sole IKIaimfactufers, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

FERTILIZERS FOR FALL CROPS. 

LEE'S PREPARED AGRICULTURAL LIME 

Old Reliable for "Wheat, Oats, Rje,i Clover, Alfalfa and Grasses. 

LEE'S SPECIAL WHEAT FERTILIZER 

Coatinues in favor for Wheat and Oats on thin land." 
Excellent stands of Clover aad Grass secured when Seeded with Wheat. 

LEE'S HIQH GRADE BONEAND POTASH 

Good for Turnips, Cabbage and other Vegetables. 
inPORTED THOMAS^ASIC SLAO PHOSPHATE. 

A. S. LEE & ^w^.^S CO.. Inc., 

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS DEPT. A. SHOCKOE SLIP, RICHMOND, VA.