Established 1840. 



THE 



Seventieth Year 



Southern Planter 



A MONTHLY JOURNAL 



DEVOTED TO 



Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

J. F. JACKSON, Editor. 



Proprietors. 



Vol. 70. 



JULY, 1909. 



No.7. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 

Editorial— Work for the Montti 665 

Alfalfa in the Valley of Virginia 667 

Effect of Fertilizer on Poor Land 668 

A Successful (New York) Tobacco Farmer 668 

Plowing 669 

Harvesting Cowpea Hay 669 

Notes and Comments on May Planter 670 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 

Editorial— Work for the Month 671 

The Shenandoah Valley Fruit Growers' 

Association 672 

Peaches, Cherries and Plums Rotting on the 

Trees 673 

Peach Borers 673 

Blight on Irish Potatoes 673 

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: 

Cooper's Jersey Sale 674 

Sheep As a Side Issue on Southern Farms 674 

The Acca Farm Dairy 675 

Some Benefits Which Flow from Dairy 

Husbandry 676 

Bovine Tuberculosis 678 

The Dual-Purpose Cow 679 

Tobacco for Sheep 680 

Opportunities for Dairying in Virginia 680 

Summering Hogs and Pigs 681 

Bacon and Lard Hogs 682 

Breeds of Hogs as Meat Producers 682 

The Milk Escutcheon 682 

Plows and Plowing 683 

The Virginia State Horticultural Society 683 



THE POULTRY YARD: 

Poultry Notes 684 

Incubator Experience 685 

Incubator vs. Hens 685 

THE HORSE: 

Notes 686 

The Suffolk Punch in Virginia 687 

Cost of a Horse 687 

The Stock Company Stallion 683 

Experience withr S. C. White Leghorns 689 

The Turkey Buzzard 689 

Fine Rhubarb 689 

MISCELLANEOUS: 

The Commissoner of Agriculture 690 

Virginia State Farmers' Institute 69u 

The Election of Commissioner of Agri- 
culture for Virginia 691 

Corn Shows 691 

Editorial — The Nomination of the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture for Virginia 692 

The Election of the Commissioner of Agri- 
culture 694 

The Corn Prizes : 695 

The Tax Question.. 696 

The Collie Dog 697 

The Turkey Buzzard 697 

The Commissioner of Agriculture and Party 

Politics 698 

Farm Renting in Virginia 698 

The Corn Prizes 698 

The Farmville Creamery 698 

Enquirers' Column (Detailed Index, p. 744) . . 728 
Advertisements 699 



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f 



The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROQRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Atrlcultnre Is the nnrsint: mother of the Arts.— XENOPHON. 
Tllla^ and pastura^ are the two breasts of the State. — SULLY. 



70th Year. 



RICHMOND, VA., JULY, 1909. 



No. 7. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 
When writing the article on work for the month for the 
June issue on the 20th of May we congratulated our read 
ers that the much needed rain had at last commenced to 
fall and we hoped for a few days continuance so as to give 
the crops just planted a nice start and put unplanted land 
into good working condition again. Instead of this we have 
had to this writing a month during which we have had 
more or less rain every day in this middle section of the 
State and both in the eastern and western sections abnor- 
mal rains more or less continuous during the whole month. 
Whilst these rains have not been so heavy in this State 
as to cause floods in the rivers except to a limited extent 
in small sections yet they have been sufficiently heavy to 
make the rivers run brimful and have so soaked the land 
as to cause serious injury to many crops and much hind- 
rance to work in the land. Corn has been badly cut off by 
the worms and much replanting has had to be done. In 
the Tidewater section of this State the damage done to 
the early Irish potato crop has been very serious, much of 
it having rotted in the land. It is estimated that this will 
entail a loss of $250,000 to the truck farmers of that sec- 
tion on this one crop alone, and the sweet potato crop is 
also badly injured. During the last two or three days pre- 
vious to this writing (21st June) the weather has been 
finer and it is. to be hoped that this will continue as both 
wheat and winter oats are needing cutting badly and suf- 
fering injury. Much hay has been so badly injured by the 
rain as to be worth little more than for bedding and that 
still to be cut is much reduced in value from lodging and 
rotting. This latter loss may, however, yet largely be made 
good by abundant second crops which are growing fast 
wherever the first crop has been removed from the land. 
This is not a very cheering outlook for the year. However, 
it may be hoped we have seen the worst of thisweather and 
that we may have opportunity given to endeavor to make 
good the losses already sustained. Usually a long wet 
time like we have had is followed by a dry spell and thus 
the seasonal rainfall is balanced up. We are hopeful this 
will be the case this year. We have sufficient moisture 
in the land if it is conserved to carry most crops already I 



planted to near maturity and it will be the part of good 
husbandry for farmers so to manage the cultivation of 
their crops as to conserve this and to proceed at once to 
plant such other crops as will yet enable them to make the 
year an average one in productiveness. 



The reports as to the condition of the winter wheat crop 
are not encouraging. In Kansas, which grows nearly one- 
fourth of the winter wheat of the country the yield is like- 
ly to be greatly reduced from the effects of drouth and in 
some of the other Western States damage has been done 
by too much rain. We see no reason to alter the estimate 
we placed on this crop last month in that it will not ex- 
ceed 400,000,000 bushels and may be even less than that by 
10,000,000 bushels. The spring wheat crop planted is about 
six per cent, larger than that harvested last year and 
though it has been got in a little late is now making good 
growth. We estimate the yield of this crop if conditions 
are normal to harvest at about 260,000,000 bushels. The 
whole wheat crop will thus be about 660,000,000 bushels 
as against 660,000,000 bushels a year ago. This crop in 
the face of greatly depleted stocks both here and abroad 
and with no indications of increased yields in European 
wheat growing countries would seem to make any serious 
fall in the price from the present high level very unlikely. 
It is certain that to feed our own population and for seed 
for the next crop we shall practically need all the wheat 
we are going to harvest this year and European nations 
v.'hich will need much wheat will have to be supplied from 
elsewhere. Whatever we export we shall have to supply 
from the small reserve now in stock which is less by 12,- 
000,000 bushels than it was a year ago. 



The oat crop of the country is sown on about 32,400,- 
000 acres, which is the greatest area ever sown in that crop 
in this country. The condition is 83.7 as against 92.9 last 
year at the same time and a ten years' average of 83.4. 



The indications so far as at present known point to an 
increase in the area planted and to be planted in corn. 
The South has the largest crop ever planted. As we indi- 



666 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[July, 



cated in our last issue corn is taking the place of cotton 
in many sections, the cotton crop being less by 
1,600,000 acres than last year. It is said that Louisiana 
will have over 60,000,000 bushels of corn this year or double 
what it grew last year and will be able to supply its own 
needs and have a surplus to export. We are glad to re- 
cord this fact and to know that other Southern States 
have also increased their crops. When we keep our own 
corn crib at home instead of in the West we shall begin 
to keep also our meat house in the same place and this 
means millions of dollars kept at home for the develop- 
ment of our great resources. 



As soon as the land is dry enough to work every energy 
should be devoted to pushing the corn crop by frequent cul- 
tivation. Wherever stands have been so injured by the 
worms as to be very thin we would work the land up 
again and replant in yellow corn, continuing this replant- 
ing up to the 1.5th of the month. With an average season 
and frost delayed as late as the 15th of October yellow 
corn will make a matured crop put in as late as the 15th 
oi July. For several years past the fall has been very 
much later in setting in and it would seem as though we 
might now calculate upon open weather and freedom 
from killing frost up to nearly the end of October. At 
the last working of the crop sow cowpeas, crimson clover, 
\etches, red and sapling clover or a mixture of all these. 
They will make a cover for the land, and fall and winter 
grazing, and a good fallow to plow down in the 
spring for the next crop. If the corn land is to be put 
into wheat it is not worth while to sow any of the clovers 
or the vetches but sow the cowpeas alone and let these 
1)6 cut into the land with the disc harrow instead of being 
plowed down as a preparation for the wheat crop. Land 
well prepared for the corn crop and kept well cultivated 
during the growth of that crop does not need to be re- 
plowed for wheat. It will be in an ideal condition to make 
a wheat crop with a cowpea crop cut in with the disc and 
such a preparation will prevent much winter killing of the 
wheat by the protection which the cowpeas will afford 
when cut in lightly. 



Keep the cotton and tobacco crops well cultivated to 
encourage growth. We hear that a full average crop of 
tobacco has been planted though in some sections the 
heavy rains have injured the stand. Sow crimson clover 
in the cotton crop at the last working. Twelve or fifteen 
pounds of seed should be sown per acre and this will make 
a crop which will add humus and nitrogen to the soil, 
which will many times repay the cost of seed and labor. 



As soon as the wheat and oat crops are cut put in the 
d''sc harow and cut up the stubble and sow cowpeas or 
a mixture of the two. Do not wait until the grain has 
been threshed out to do this work. Cut up the stubble be- 
between the shock rows and seed this portion of the field 
at once and then cut up and seed the shock rows after 
threshing the grain out. The land will be much more 
im.proved growing these crops than growing the customary" 
rag weed crop and the cowpeas will make a hay crop and 
the crimson clover a winter cover crop and a good fallow 
for the spring crop. In this way the fertilizer bill can be 



materially reduced and the condition of the land be rapidly 
improved. What all Southern land most needs is humua 
in the soil and if these crops are used for no other pur- 
pose than this they will amply repay the cost of seed 
and labor. 



Sorghum, sorghum and cowpeas and millet should ba 
seeded at once in order to make feed for stock and save 
the hay crop. If these crops were grown to anything 
like the extent to which they can be grown in the South 
the whole of our hay crop could be well made into a 
sale crop, and yet the numbers of our live stock be great- 
ly increased and they be well fed all the winter. Mil- 
lions of tons of hay come into the South every year from 
the West which could well be supplied from our own 
farms and yet not pinch our stock for feed. With these 
forage crops and a light feed of grain or, better still, 
with some of the abundant cotton seed meal of the South 
which we ship to Europe to feed stock there, our own 
stock could be well fed and the necessity for buying 
much meat from the West be avoided. Sow from three 
pecks to a bushel of sorghum to the acre, if sown alone; 
or half a bushel of sorghum and half a bushel of cow- 
peas per acre, if sown together. Sow a bushel of German 
millet per acre. 



Corn to fill the silo should be planted at once if not 
already planted. Plant in rows three feet apart and a 
foot apart in the row. Put in in this way and cultivated 
two or three times, it will make a crop with a fair pro- 
portion of ears and the fodder will be well matured and 
make sweet and satisfying silage. If you have not a silo 
and keep half a dozen cows you ought to have one at 
once. It is the cheapest barn a man can build and keeps 
the food in a better condition for feeding to get the best 
results than any other way. 

The following table will enable any one to calculate the 
size of silo he will need for his crop and stock. 

Estimated size of silo needed and number of acres re- 
quired for a given number of cows for a feeding season 
of one hundred and eighty days: 



^■o Cows 


Estimated 

Comsumi tion of 

SUsge Tons. 


!^lze of 

Silo Needed. 

Diam. Ht 


Average Acres 
Corn Needed. 


6 

9 

13 

21 
25 


20 
30 
4) 
74 
90 


9x20 

10122 

11x25 

13x30 

• 14 30 


1 to 2 

2 to S 
8 to 4 

5 to 6 

6 to 7 



Dwarf Essex rape may be seeded in this month and 
August for fall and winter grazing for the hogs and 
sheep. This is one of the most valuable hog and sheep 
grazing crops which can be grown. Sow at the rate of 
four or five pounds to the acre broadcast, or, if sown in 
drills, make them two feet six inches apart so that the 
crop can be) cultivated, and in this case three pounds 
of seed will be suflflcient per acre. If the land is not 
rich, apply two hundred pounds of acid phosphate and fifty 
pounds of muriate of potash per acre broadcast and work 
into the soil before seeding. An acre of good rape has 
been proved to be equal to three thousand pounds of corn 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



667 



in feeding hogs or sheep. The best results are obtained 
by feeding a small grain ration to the hogs every daj 
when in the rape. 



Buckwheat may be sown this month and as late as 
August. It will make a crop on land too poor to make 
a profitable yield of almost any other crop, but, of course, 
like all other crops, does best on land in a good condition 
of fertility. Prepare the land well and sow a bushel oi; 
seed to the acre. From fifteen to forty bushels to the 
acre can be made. The grain is good feed for hogs, 
chickens and cows. 



August and September are the two best months in the 
year for the seeding of grass. It is not too soon to begin 
to make preparation for this work. At the outset, let 
it be clearly understood that it is no use to try to grow 
grass successfully on poor land. Therefore, in selecting 
the land to be seeded, see that it is the best you have, 
well drained, as free as possible from weed seed, not sub- 
ject to overflow, well filled with humus and decayed vege- 
table matter. A good loam soil is the best, not too 
heavy and not too light, and, if possible, it should have 
a good clay subsoil. When in good order for plowing, 
break it deeply, but do not bring the subsoil too much 
to the surface, but set the furrows on edge so that the 
top and the deeper soil can be easily mixed together. 
Then apply a ton of lime per acre broadcast and harrow 
in lightly and let lay for a week and then commence to 
work it with the harrow and roller in order to bring it 
to a fine, deep seed bed and to induce the weed seeds 
to germinate. Work in this way once a week until the 
end of August, by which time most of the weed seed 
should have germinated and been killed. Before the la.'st 
working apply two hundred and fifty pounds of bone 
meal, two hundred and fifty pounds of acid phosphate and 
fifty pounds of muriate of potash per acre broadcast, and 
work this in during the further preparation of the seed 
bed, and then you may reasonably expect to secure n 
stand of grass which will last for many years if well cared 
for. In our next issue we will advise as to the seedin<2, 
and further care. 



Don't neglect to get a piece of good land into ordei 
this month and to give it either a good dressing o; 
manure or an application of two hundred and fifty pounds 
of acid phosphate and fifty pounds of muriate of potash 
per acre upon which to sow rutabagas and turnips for 
winter feed for sheep, hogs and cattle. No man who keeps 
sheep, especially ewes to lamb in spring, should be with- 
out rutabagas or turnips for them. They are of more 
value in carrying lambing ewes through the winter and 
bringing them to lambing in good condition than any other 
food and will cause the ewes to milk freely and the lambs 
to do well. For hogs also they are useful and cows nevei 
fail to make good use of them. We have fed a bushel 
of turnips per head per day to cows all through the win 
ter with excellent results. They make the best crop sown 
in rows two feet six inches apart and thinned out so a:; 
to stand six or eight inches apart in the row. Two ov 
three pounds of seed will sow an acre in this way. H 
sown broadcast, sow four pounds per acre. If sown in 



rows, they should be cultivated two or three times and 
be worked out in the rows with the hoes. Grown in this 
way, we have made thirty tons to the acre of rutabagas 
and twenty-five tons to the acre of turnips. 



ALFALFA IN THE VALLEY OF VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

In response to your request of recent date, I will giva 
you a brief account of my success with alfalfa on clay up- 
land, on a Shenandoah county farm. I had never seen 
alfalfa grown successfully on stiff upland clay, but, from 
what I had read of this wonderful plant, I believed it 
could be grown on such ground with perfect success were 
its ether well-known demands complied with. 

When I came into possession of this larm (which, by 
the way, has been "in our family" for three generations) 
and moved onto it five years ago, there was growing on 
a small field of six acres a wheat crop, which later 
yielded forty-two bushels, or seven bushels per acre. 
Originally, this was good ground, but poor plowing an,i 
bad farming had gotten it into sorry plight. I proceeded 
to get it into better condition, and how well I succeeded 
the grand growth of alfalfa now adorning it tells in a 
moie eloquent way than I can possibly do. In reclaim- 
ing this little field I have had a crop on it every year 
I have owned it, and each crop better than the one be- 
fore it, but that is another story. 

In July of last year I broke the field with a No. 361 
(three-horse) Syracuse plow and began in earnest to pre- 
pare it for alfalfa. After thoroughly plowing it, I made 
a drag of two railroad ties spiked together with 2x4 scanv 
ling and dragged it I next rolled it with a steel roller, 
then applied two and a quarter tons of good, hot-air slaked 
lime per acre, spring tooth harrowed in the lime at once, 
then disced it, lapping half; again dragged it and rolled 
it. Having plowed it when it was in excellent order, the 
subsequent work was not for the purpose of crushing 
clods, as might be inferred, but for the purpose of firm- 
ing the ground thoroughly and to have the surface as 
smooth as a floor. I now had it in such fine condition 
that further working it would not have been of any bene- 
fit. With grain drill I drilled four hundred and twenty- 
five pounds of 12-5 fertilizer per acre, after which I 
attached a heavy piece of 2x4 scantling to the rear of 
spring tooth harrow and harrowed in the fertilizer, goins 
across the drill furrows, leaving the ground as level and 
smooth as a table top. It was then ready for the seed, 
and having gotten my seed from a thoroughly reliable 
source, and found it absolutely clean, having inoculated 
it myself with material obtained from our Experiment 
Station, I proceeded to sow it at the rate of twenty-five 
pounds per acre with a cyclone seeder, following with 
drag harrows to cover the seed and these with the roller 
to firm the seed in and bring up the moisture. I felt 
I could have more than a "reasonable hope" to, in due 
time, see the little field green in its glory; and, if any 
one should ask you, you may tell them I am more than 
satisfied with the result, seeing the first cutting yielded 
two tons to the acre, six tons of which I lost on account 
of rains. A part of it I got in the barn in fine shape the 
31st of May, cut the remainder the 1st of June, and it 
was wet from that night until the sixteenth of the month. 



668 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Notwithstanding all the punishment it took from the the 
weather, I had it on the safe side until Sunday, the 13th, 
when we had a half-inch additional rain which so thor- 
oughly soaked the hay and the ground that all I could 
do was to get it off the following crop as promptly as 
possible. The first cut over part of the field is now eigh- 
teen inches high. 

In conclusion I want to say that the bacteria obtained 
from our Experiment Station thoroughly inoculated my 
seed. The roots are well set with nodules. I believe there 
is very little land in this valley that will refuse to grow 
alfalfa luxuriantly if given proper encouragement. 

Shenandoah Co., Va. R. L. CAMPBELL. 



EFFECT OF FERTILIZER ON POOR LAND. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

In recent months there has been quite a disposition 
on the part of some writers in your columns to make fun 
of the use of the lower grades of fertilizers, and I do not 
believe you have even been enthusiastic over the use of 
any of them. I am sending you a photograph of a field 
of tobacco grown on some poor land in Fluvanna, but not 
on Carysbrook. By accident, my manager on the farm 
where this tobacco was grown left one row without fer- 
tilizer; about the time of the second working of the crop 
I happened to be there and noticed a marked difference 
between one row and the balance. After I got the explan- 
ation I instructed the manager to put on some of the fer- 
tilizer on a part of the row and to leave the remainder 
without any. 




The photograph was taken a few weeks before cutting 
time. The rear of the central row is that on which the 
late application was made where none had been put be 
fore, and the part of the row in the foreground was 
where none at all was put. You will notice a marked 
difference between the late fertilized and the early in 
favor of the latter, and where none was put at all the 
tobacco was not large enough to justify cutting; in fact, 
It is hardly visible in the photograph. The application 
was four hundred pounds of a 3-8-3 goods. I let a neigh- 
bor put in a small field on this same place in buck- 
wheat, on which he used one hundred pounds per acre of 
the same fertilizer; accidentally, his guano attachment 
at one part of the field got out of order and he sowed 



one or two widths of his drill without guano; when in 
full bloom I saw the crop; the guanoed part was about 
waist high while the rest was only about ten inches; the 
fertilized part made eighteen bushels per acre and the 
other was not worth cutting. 

With the testimony of the camera and the facts that I 
have related, what becomes of the ridicule of those who 
have made so much fun of the small percentages of am- 
monia and potash used in the low grade fertilizers? 

C. E. JONES. 



A SUCCESSFUL (NEW YORK) TOBACCO FARMER. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

About five miles from the thriving town of Baldwins- 
ville, Onondaga county. New York, is situated the well- 
tilled farm of Mr. C. S. Keller. A visit to this up-to-date 
establishment would show that the owner is in no need 
of a visit from ex-President Roosevelt's Commissioners to 
inquire into the condition of the farmer, as here would 
be found everything that goes to make a city house com- 
fortable — a telephone, a furnace in the cellar, acetyline 
gas, hot and cold water in the bath, running water in 
the kitchen, barn and stable, etc. 

Mr. Keller follows a system of mixed farming, as he be- 
lieves that it is more profitable than having all his eggs 
in one basket. He has a herd of dairy cows, principally 
Holsteins, which hold the highest record at the local 
creamery for both quantity and quality. He also keeps 
a sufficient number of hogs and Plymouth Rock fowls to 
consume the skim milk. 

He is a great upholder of the old fashioned red clover 
and does not think a man can farm without it. His gen- 
eral rotation is a five year one — corn, oats, wheat, hay, 
pasture. He uses fertilizer liberally on all the grain crops. 
He is satisfied that his light gravelly soil requires a large 
amount of potash. His favorite formula for oats, corn and 
potatoes is 2 per cent, nitrogen, 8 per cent, phosphoric 
acid, and 10 per cent, potash. For his hay crop he seeds 
with a mixture of two quarts alsike, six quarts medium 
red clover, and six quarts timothy. This gives him a 
hay almost entirely clover the first year, and does away 
with the need of buying large quantities of expensive pro- 
tein feeds, which reduce the profit of the average dairy- 
man so greatly, while the timothy and alsike come on the 
s cond year and thicken up the pasture. 

He has done some experiment work with fertilizers 
in his meadows and finds that a 10 per cent, phosphoric 
acid and 8 per cent, potash mixture give good results, 
greatly increasing the growth of clover. This is what 
would be expected, as clover is a heavy potash feeding 
plant, as has been proven by recent experiments at Cor- 
nell University with fertilizer on old hay fields, where the 
plots which had received applications of potash had a 
strong growth of volunteer clover, although no seed was 
sown. The increase in the amount of hay on the potash 
fertilized plots was due almost entirely to this volunteer 
clover. 

Mr. Keller has been very successful as a breeder of 
Plymouth Rock fowls, which is due largely to his skill 
in feeding; in fact, he goes so far as to say that if he 
has the handling of the fowls early in the season he can 
make any flock lay by giving them well balanced rations. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



669 



One of his requirements is plenty of cabbage and other 
green feed, also of meal and scrap meats. 

Tobacco, however, is his specialty, and his land, which 
is of a gravelly, loamy nature, with a gravelly subsoil, 
is very favorable for the production of a superior quality 
of wrapper tobacco, for which Onondaga county has long 
been noted. 

Mr. Keller believes that special crops, like tobacco, will 
pay for special fertilizer. He uses liberal quantities of 
a special formula of his own mixing, which analyzes about 
4 per cent, nitrogen, 6 per cent, phosphoric acid, and 
10 per cent, potash. He takes special pains to see that 
there be no muriate of potash or kainit in the mixture, 
which will produce a poor burning tobacco. The care- 
lessness of the farmers who disregard this point and buy 
fertilizers containing either of these forms of potash, 
because the fertilizer is $1 or $2 cheaper, has caused 
them great loss, owing to the poor burning quality of the 
tobacco, and it has been the cause of much of the pre- 
judice which exists among tobacco buyers in many parts 
of New York State against the use of commercial fer- 
ti'izers on tobacco. 

Mr. Keller has also been experimenting with clover 
and vetches in the last cultivation of tobacco, hoping 
by this means to keep up the humus and supply the ex- 
pensive nitrogen on which continual growth of tobacco 
makes large demands. 

Of the above mentioned mixture he uses about one 
thousand pounds per acre broadcast well worked into 
the soil, and then about two hundred pounds of the same 
is used in the drill as a starter. 

G. F. MARSH. 



criticized favorably and unfavorably. In both contests I 
was awarded first prize. My best card was my ability 
to lay the last or dead furrow. I drove the steers alone 
and received no assistance to strike out or finish my 
land. H. E. J. 

Lake Waccabac, N. Y. 



PLOWING. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

When I made my remittance a day or two since I want- 
ed to say a word or two on the subject of plowing. "Old 
Farmer," page 473, just touches the pith of the subject in 
what he says about the "live man or boy." 

There are no youngsters learning the trade, the sci- 
ence, the art. Few men to-day know when the team Is 
hitched to the plow just right, or the plow adjusted prop- 
erly to the work in hand. As a boy, our "town show" (and 
its the best and most instructive to youngsters) gave 
first and second prizes to minors (boys under seventeen 
years) to "strike out," plow six inches deep, and finish 
alone one-eighth acre of sod. My favorite team as a 
minor was two yoke of three year old Devonshire steers 
I had broken. I did my first stunt in public at our town 
show ploughing match. The Secretary of our county show 
who was present offered me $25 per day to show my 
team, and to plough, and if I won it was to have the 
first prize — $10 cash. The Secretary of another county 
show was present, and for $25 per day (four days) and 
all expenses, and a tilt at the plowing match, and first 
prize, if I won it — $15. 

At the first county show there scored fifteen competi- 
tors, and at the second there were so many entries all 
could not compete, so we cast lots and twenty scored. 
I learned more about plowing at these two shows than 
I had learned up to that time. My steers' stalls were 
filled with old grey-haired farmers and my plowing was 



HARVESTING COWPEA HAY. 

When the first pods begin to ripen the cowpeas are 
ready to cut. Mow in the forenoon. In the afternoon rake 
and make up in small, compact piles. They should be 
carefully built, high and narrow — say, thirty inches in 
height and about as wide at the bottom. This is con- 
tinued day by day, until the whole crop is cut. The vines, 
in a green, slightly wilted state, settle down, leaves over- 
lapping, and being heavy in the centre, and sloping evenly 
at the sides, make a perfect watershed; rain does not 
penetrate the mass. The piles should be left undisturbed 
until perfectly dry and cured. The sun and weather will 
bleach the outside, but the inside will be green and sweet. 
All hay should be air-cured, but not sun-dried; hence, the 
advantage of raking while partly wilted and curing in 
the cock. If hay is allowed to cure in the swath it loses 
much of its value by bleaching, and the leaves shatter in 
raking. When dried and cured hay is put in piles it does 
not pack, and rain goes through it like a sponge. Hay 
stacks should always be topped off with green stuff — 
swale hay or coarse grass of some sort; this makes a 
solid waterproof roof, because it settles down, by its 
verdant weight, to a closely woven, compact mass. 

The weather favoring, cowpea hay will cure in four 
or five days, but if rain interferes the piles should be left 
undisturbed until dry. They may be left three weeks with- 
out injury. 

When ready for hauling to the barn, if the vines are 
cured, but damp, begin about ten o'clock and turn each 
cock over with a fork, and the whole mass will soon dry 
out. Care should be taken not 'to tear the piles apart; 
handle each one as a separate "wad" as far as possible 
in loading and placing in the mow. This keeps the leaves 
from shattering and the hay occupies less space in the 
mow and perhaps keeps better. 

This system costs nothing for poles; there need be no 
worry on account of foul weather, except for such hay as 
may be left in the swath; the leaves, which constitute 
the best part of the plant, are preserved in the very best 
condition, and loading and unloading is conducted wifi 
the most economical expenditure of labor. 

The value of cowpea hay in stock feeding is better un- 
derstood than ever before, and ignorance of a safe and 
practical method of harvesting has alone stood In the way 
of a larger use of this crop. R. 

We would advise caution in not putting the peas up 
into cock too soon. We would draw into windrow as soon 
as well wilted and let stand a day in this shape before 
cocking. Then cock and let stand to cure out, always 
sunning the bottoms and centre of the cocks for an hour 
or two before hauling to the barn. The hay will then 
go into the barn with sufficient natural moisture in it to 
heat and come out fine, sweet-smelling hay. Be careful 



6Y0 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



to have no water or dew in the hay when stored, or it 
will mould and may fire. — Ed. 



NOTES AND COMMENTS ON MAY PLANT'ER. 
Raw Phosphatic Rock. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Mr. Jack.'s experiience is similar to that of others. 
The fact is, that the chemists still know little about 
what nature does with the materials placed in the soil. 
I met at Allentown, Fa., a year or so ag-o. at the State 
Institute, a farmer who asked my opinion about the 
use of floats. I told him that in the presence of suK- 
cient organic matter in the soil, I would prefer it to 
acid phosphate. He said that he was glad to hear me 
say so, for he and several of his neighbors had for sev- 
eral years been getting it from Tennessee, and using 
it on wheat with good results, and furthsr than that, 
they were the only men in the neighborhood who were 
successful with clover, all the others using acid phos- 
phate. I think that it wi]l not be long before farm- 
ers in general will abandon acid phosphate for floats and 
basic slag. In fact, I am inclined to believe that the 
popular carrier of phosphoric acid in the future will 
be basic slag, if it can be had in sufficient amount, and 
at a reasonable price. The large percentage of lime in 
it prevents the manufacturers from using it in their 
mixtures free, and the article will sweeten the soil 
instead of souring it, as the acid phosphate does, and 
the lime will tend to release potash for him in soils 
where it abounds. 

Lime in Granite Soils. 

The granite in the Hillsboro section of North Carolina 
is a gneis and, of course, like other forms of granite, 
carries hornblend. Such rock would contain about two 
per cent, of lime, but the soil that has resulted from the 
decomposition of the rock and other sources has not 
that much lime, certainly not after two centuries of 
cropping. As I remarked in the May number, I was 
not arguing against the use of lime on alfalfa, or that 
the application of the lime had caused the failure of 
the alfalfa, but simply stating facts. I planned an ex- 
periment there to test the need of the soil, but th,e 
owner failed to carry it out as I had designed, for, on 
passing the farm a few days ago on a visit to another 
North Carolina farm, I found the field in wheat, the 
second crop grown on the land since it grew fine alfalfa, 
and I expect another failure when he tries alfalfa again 
this fall. 

I believe that on the great majority of soils appli- 
cations of lime are absolutely essential to success with 
alfalfa. Mr. Franklin fears inoculation with soil from 
a successful alfalfa field. Of course, I would not take 
soil from a field I have not inspected, but the use of 
soil is the only practicable way to inoculate, for artifi- 
cial cultures have long since proven failures. 
Nitrogen. 

Mr. Winkelman jumps to a wrong conclusion about 
the farmers who do not use nitrogen, and yet make 
large crops of wheat. Their lands formerly, when they 
were buying nitrogen made 10 to 15 bushels of wheat 
per acre. Since they have abandoned the use of pur- 
chased nitrogen, their land has advanced in productive- 
ness. It is not comparable with the black) soils of 



Russia at all, nor to the black soils of Illinois, for these 
were old worn lands of clay loam. And I said twenty 
years, and not seventy, as Mr. Winkelman has it. And 
to-day these soils have increased in nitrogen. An Eng- 
lish bulletin reports that on plots that have received 
nothing but phosphoric fertilizer for eleven years, there 
is more nitrogen than in plots where sulphate of ammonia 
and nitrate of soda have been annually used in connec- 
tion with the phosphatic fertilizer. In Minnesota, after 
ten years of a rotation with legumes, and no nitrogen 
bought, there was 300 pounds more nitrogen in the soil 
than when the rotation was begun. I do not wonder 
that German farmers buy nitrogen when only six per 
cent, of the crops are legumes. When the legumes occupy 
equal spaces with other crops in a regular rotation . there 
are very different conditions in the soil. .The wheat 
farmers of Maryland have tried purchased nitrogen for 
many years, and made small crops; but their success 
in wheat growing came after they had dropped the nit- 
rogen. Mr. Winkelman thinks that all farmers cannot 
use the legumes for the acquisition of nitrogen. I can- 
not see why any grain farmer cannot do this. It is sim- 
ply getting nitrogen free of cost, and making a profit 
in getting it, instead of going into your pocket and 
enriching the fertilizer men. The day is not far dis- 
tant in this country when the farmer who buys ammonir 
ated fertilizers will be looked upon as behind the times, 
and a poor farmer. 

Dual Purpose Cows. 
I would like to ask Mr. Luttrell where there is dual 
purpose stock that the calves sell for $75 to $100! I 
would like to ask him if any dual purpose animal ever 
topped the beef market, or made the record as a dairy 
animal! There are milking shorthorns, but they have 
been bred to dairy type, and are simply big dairy ani- 
mals, and will not make the fine beef that pure beef- 
bred animals will. Just as well call the Holsteins beef 
animals, because they are large. When and where did 
a yearling steer from a dual purpose cow bring $60. li! 
so, what did it cost to feed him to that weight! for he 
must have weighed not less than 1,000 pounds, and that 
is a fine weight for a pure blood beef animal, and if 
she was a deep milking cow, the chances are that he 
would not dress out near as much high priced beef as 
a pure blooded beef animal. If a farmer's interest is 
in dairy products there is not much money in losing $75 
worth of daii-y products in order to get $60 for a yearl- 
ing. I take it that Mr. Luttrell is a beef man, for it 
is always a beef man that rises to defend the dual pur- 
pose cow. The capacity for giving the greatest amount 
of milk and butter is so radically antagonistic to the 
making of the finest beef that they cannot be combined 
in one animal, and the more milk you get from a so-, 
called dual purpose animal, to that same extent, it be- 
comes a poorer beef animal. You cannot breed an ani- 
mal into fine dairy type and fine beef type at same 
time. Mere size does not make a beef, for you may make 
a Holstein as fat as you please, and the smart buyers 
on the market^ will not give the best price for it, for 
they know that a large part of that fat has gone into 
inside tallow, and the animal's loins are not such as 
give the best beef. 

W. P. MASSBY. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



671 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

Plant successional crops of sweet corn, lima beans, 
pole beans and black eye peas at intervals of a few days 
all through the month to keep up the supply for the 
table and market as late as possible. Cucumbers for 
pickles should be planted. This is a crop which in many 
sections is a profitable one and has the advantage that 
it need not be rushed to market as gathered. The pickles 
packed down in barrels in brine will keep until winter, 
when they can be shipped or taken to market as required 
and at convenience. The crop should be planted in rows 
two feet six inches apart and from nine inches to a 
foot apart in the rows. Cultivate frequently, but only 
when the vines are dry or they will mildew and die. The 
land should be in good order, but need not be over-rich. 
as the object is not to grow large cucumbers, but a large 
number of small ones three or four inches long. A fer- 
tilizer with an analysis of 5 per cent, ammonia, 5 per 
cent, phosphoric acid and 7 or 8 per cent, potash will 
be a proper one to use to help the crop. Such a fer 
tilizer can be made by mixing 200 pounds nitrate of soda, 
800 pounds fish scrap, 700 pounds acid phosphate, and 
300 pounds muriate of potash to make a ton. Use at the 
rate of 400 pounds to the acre. After the pickles com- 
mence to set the crop should be picked over every two 
days so as to secure the largest number possible uf 
pickles of an even size, say, not more than three inches 
long, as these sell best. 



badly, but nearly always sell well at the opening of the 
season before the seed onions come on the market. 



Sweet potatoes should continued to be set out. If the 
slips are already all set out, then cuttings should be 
taken from the runners on the early set out plants. These 
cuttings make potatoes which will keep better than those 
raised from slips. These cuttings are simply the ends 
of the vines with three or four leaves attached. Bury all 
the cutting except the top of the vine with two leaves, 
and they will soon root in moist land. Longer cuttings 
of the vines should be planted to make seed for raising 
slips next year. Cut these off half a yard long and coil 
round the hand and bury except the tip end and two 
leaves. They will root at the joints and make a large 
number of small potatoes which make the best seed, as 
the potatoes raised from these will be free from the black 
rot fungus. 



Continue to set out tomato plants for a late crop, [f 
short of plants, they may yet be raised in a hot bed 
and be in time to make fruit before frost. 



As the various crops mature gather and ship or store. 
Cool off well before shipping or storing. Onions should 
be pulled and be allowed to remain laid on the ground 
until dry and then be stored with the tops on on slatted 
shelves in a cool, dry shed until thoroughly cured, when 
the tops should be cleaned off and the bulbs be shipped 
as the market demands them. Potato onions, which are 
the first to ripen, should be shipped at once, as they keep 



The Irish potato crop for winter use should be planted 
this month. The sets for this crop are supplied from 
cold storage and should be spread out on the barn floor 
to warm up gradually before being planted. As they 
warm up they will begin to sprout and may be then cut 
and planted. In connection with this cutting it should 
be borne in mind that potatoes should not be cut long 
before being planted. Investigation just made as to the 
cause of serious loss in the trucking section this year 
by potatoes failing to- sprout has confirmed the fact that 
much of this loss was caused by cutting the potatoes too 
long before they were planted. They should be planted 
within three or four days after being cut, and the sooner 
the better. Plow out the rows deeply and mix the special 
potato fertilizer well in the soil of the bottom of the 
rows and then plant and cover lightly and work in the 
soil into the rows until they become level and keep level 
during cultivation. A fertilizer suitable for the crop may 
be made up of 800 pounds cotton seed meal, 100 pounds 
nitrate of soda, 800 pounds acid phosphate and 300 pounds 
muriate of potash to make a ton. Apply at the rate of 
500 to 1,000 pounds to the acre. 



The land should be gotten ready and the sets be 
planted for the second crop of. Irish potatoes raised from 
the sets grown this spring. These sets should be sorted 
out as the potatoes are dug, selecting those of small, 
medium size, say, as large as an egg. These sets should 
be spread out in a shady place to green, and after they 
are greened should have a little woods mould or good 
soil sprinkled on them and they will begin to sprout. 
Every sprouted potato will make a good set, but those 
not sprouted should not be set. Do not cut the potatoes 
except to take off just a shaving at the end opposite the 
sprout. Plow out the rows deeply and mix the fertilizer 
with the soil well in the bottom of the furrow and then 
set and cover lightly and, as the plants grow, work in 
the soil into the rows until level, and keep level during 
cultivation. Potatoes grown in this way in the Eastern 
section of this State and North Carolina make better 
seed for growing the early crop than Northern sets. This 
year very little failure to germinate was observed in 
crops planted with second crop seed, whilst Northern 
grown seed failed badly. This should ensure a good salo 
for second crop seed another year. 



Celery plants should be set out this month in the rows 
where they are to mature. If the plants are still small 
it may be better to transplant them into a bed to grow on 
for a month before finally setting them out in the rows. 
Where the plants are drawn and spindling cut off part 
of the top and root before resetting and thus secure 
stocky plants. Make the soil into which the plants are 
set as rich with manure and fertilizer as you can afford 
to do, as celery is a gross feeder and, to be fine, market- 



672 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



able stalks, requires all the help it can have and plenty 
of moisture. If the plants are gotten into the rows at 
the end of this month or in August, they will be in 
plenty of time, as they will not begin to grow freely until 
the weather becomes cool. 



SHENANDOAH VALLEY FRUIT GROWERS' 
ASSOCIATION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It has been demonstrated time and again, that the 
grower of fa^m products, no matter whether they be 
potatoes or fancy peaches, must co-operate with his fel- 
low-growers in the packing and marketing of same. He 
must have an association to hunt up the market, instead 
of waiting for the market to come to him, if he ex- 
pects to reap fair returns for his care and labor. 

It has been pointed out repeatedly, how the Eastern 
Shore of Virginia Produce Exchange came into existence, 
only about ten years ago, in the two counties of Accomac 
and Northampton, devoted mostly to trucking. Prices 
obtained by the individual growers had fallen so low, that 
the growers, in some years, could not afford to harvest 
their crop. They could not realize enough from the sale 
of their potatoes to pay for digging them. By study- 
ing the different markets and distributing their goods 
to the best advantage, the Eastern Shore of Virginia 
Produce Exchange procured for its members fair re- 
turns. And from a total sales of $500,000 in 1900, 
It has grown to sales valued at $2,075,000 in the season 
of 1907. It has upwards of 1,000 members, and forty 
shipping points. 

The Emporia Fruit Growers' Association (handling 
mainly grapes and strawberries) and others have real- 
ized that they must market their produce in the most 
economical manner in order to get the returns they have 
a right to ask for their labor. 

The fruit growers, too, have realized these truths, and 
we now have two general organizations in the State: 
The Virginia Fruit Growers and Packers' Association, 
with headquarters at Crozet, and working mainly in. Pied- 
mont Virginia; and the more recently established Shen- 
andoah Valley Fruit Growers' Association, which aims 
to handle the fruit output of the Shenandoah Valley, 
the famous garden spot of Virginia. 

Incorporated under the laws of the State of Virginia 
in July, 1908, it has in less than a year grown to about 
one hundred members, with about five hundred shares 
of stock subscribed. Its main offices will be located at 
Staunton, in the center of the Valley. Its officers are: 
M. F. Gilkieson, Staunton, president; W. H. Frothing- 
ham, Front Royal, vice-president; J. L. Phillips, Blacks- 
burg, secretary, and J. N. McFarland, Staunton, treas- 
urer. Its Board of Directors are representative of the 
entire Valley. 

The California Orange Growers found that local orga- 
nizations could not cope successfully with the conditions 
confronting them, and so organized themselves in the 
Citrous Fruit Growers' Union, covering almost the entire 
State, and in this way they have built up a marvelously 
successful organization. The Eastern Shore of Virginia 
Produce Exchange, with one thousand members and forty 
shipping points, and the Georgia Fruit Exchange, cover 
ing the entire peach growing portion of Georgia, as well 



as part of South Carolina and Tennessee, prove that the 
principle of large organizations is not only possible, but 
under the circumstances, the only method of procedure 
for a really successful organization. 

Hon. A. McNeill, Chief of the Fruit Division of the 
Department of Agriculture of Ottawa, Canada, states 
that the St. Catharine Association of Canada, has 200 
members, and purchased $44,000 worth of supplies last 
season. He states further: "The St. Catharine people 
have adopted the plan of having a traveling representa- 
tive in the Canadian Northwest. Sooner or later the 
federation of the various co-operative fruit selling asso- 
ciations must be an accomplished fact." 

With all these facts before us, as to the necessity of 
a general association, if we are to reach the highest 
success, the Shenandoah Valley Association was orga- 
nized with the view of gaining for the Valley of Vir- 
ginia its true place in the apple markets of the world, 
and with a plan that will allow indefinite expansion with- 
in the limits of the desires of its members. 

This is the age of specialization. One man cannot 
superintend all the details of the packing of fruit, sell- 
ing of fruit, visiting the markets to see that everything 
goes smoothly there in the sales of the produce, etc. 
The idea of the Valley Association is to study the mar- 
kets and, with the aid of a traveling salesman, when 
this is found to be feasible, sell the produce of the mem- 
bers of the Association, and find the points where this 
produce is most needed, consequently the place where 
the largest price will be paid, etc. 

The general offices will also outline the method of 
packing, and will attempt to see that all fruit is equal 
to the specifications. By having each individual division 
of the Association stamp its name on the produce. It will 
be possible to check up, and find out whether or not 
the directions are being followed in every particular, 
and thus obtain a uniform pack over the entire terri- 
tory covered by the Association. Bach individual divi- 
sion of the Association is to have its representative, as 
far as possible, on the general Association Board of Direc- 
tors, and in this way will be able to have its just pro- 
portion of influence in shaping and outlining the plans 
of the Association. 

The division must have its own officers, and superin- 
tend the packing of its own fruit. In this way each divi- 
sion, by using its name on its produce, will be able to 
maintain its individuality, and build up its individual 
place in the market, while at the same time it will have 
the strength of the more widely known General Associa- 
tion in its favor. 

The main objects for which the Association stands are: 

First — To grow the very best fruit possible, by ob- 
serving proper methods of culture, by spraying for pro- 
tection agains codling moth and other injurious insects 
and diseases. 

Second — To grade and pack the fruit honestly and uni- 
formly, and pay special attention to the appearance it 
will present, so that the best grade under the label of 
the Association will become synonymous with the best 
fruit packed in the best manner. All fruit not conform- 
ing in every particular to standards prescribed; will be 
sold at the best prices obtainable, but will not bear the 
label of the Association. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



673 



Third — To develop the sale end of the business, and 
to distribute the products where they will bring the best 
prices, by keeping in touch with, and directing sales for 
all the different shipping points in the Association. 

Fourth — To develop storage facilities and the working 
up of waste fruit into marketable products. 

Fifth — To procure for our members for cash such sup- 
plies as can be handled more economically in this way. 
We have this spring furnished members with all kinds 
of spray materials at a low figure; the large total quan- 
tity bought helps to procure the lowest quotations. We 
expect to extend this idea of purchasing supplies, where 
it can be done more economically than through local deal- 
ers, to packages for packing fruit, such as crates, boxes 
and barrels, etc. 

That Virginia fruit is equal to any in appearance and 
size, and excels others in flavor, is conceded by all, not 
only by "Virginians. Our greater proximity to markets 
gives us a decided advantage over Western growers, and 
we have the advantage over them in other matters, as 
well: Soil, climate, long life of trees, etc. A number of 
orchards are even now demonstrating that we, as well 
as the Western growers, can procure annual crops of 
apples instead of a biennial crop. 

All growers interested in growing the very best fruit, 
and in the marketing of this fancy product to the great- 
est advantage, are invited to join the Association, and 
may address any of the officers, whose names are given 
above. 

Virginia has been considered "too modest" in adver- 
tising her resources, particularly her orchard lands. In- 
quiries concerning prospects for the development of the 
fruit industry in our State come to us so frequently that 
we cannot but feel that interest has not only been aroused, 
but will continue; and we look forward to the time when 
"Shenandoah Valley Fruit" will rival "Hood River Fruit" 
in all respects. 

M. F. GILKESON. , 

Augusta Co., Va. 



ripen, when there is no need to continue the spraying, 
because to spray it on ripening fruit means to discolor 
the fruit, and thus render it unmarketable, although it 
will not be poisonous, and will not be unfit for use, even 
though it should be stained by the spray liquid. 

This self-boiled lime-sulphur wash is not recommended 
for scale insects, and it is not to be replaced by the con- 
centrated lime-sulphur solutions now on the market, nor 
by the home-boiled wash, which we recommend as the 
best and cheapest material for treating scale insects. 
It is a different preparation, made by a different formu- 
la and method, and these materials should not be con- 
fused." 



PEACHES, CHERRIES AND PLUMS ROTTING ON THE 
TREES. 

A number of inquiries were received lately by the Divi- 
sion of Zoology of the Pennsylvania Department of Ag- 
riculture for a formula for a spraying mixture to be 
used on peach, plum and cherry trees to keep the fruit 
from rotting. The answer of Trof. H. A. Surface, the 
State Zoologist, is as follows: 

"The ripe rot, or brown rot, is due to a fungous di- 
sease, which attacks the ripening fruit of peach, plum 
and cherry trees, and is to be prevented by spraying be- 
fore, or about the time the fruit is half grown with the 
self-boiled lime-sulphur wash. Into a barrel put eight 
pounds of fresh lime or quick lime, and eight pounds of 
sulphur, and into this pour four or five gallons of hot 
water, and cover it with a cloth to keep in the heat. 
Stir occasionally with a hoe or something to keep it 
from burning to the bottom, and keep it from settling 
too much. Let it remain an hour. Then dilute it to 
fifty gallons, and spray it over the trees. Cold water 
should be used for diluting. Repeat this after a hard 
rain; or, if it does not rain, repeat in a week or two; 
and continue until just before the fruit commences to 



PEACH BORERS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

For the benefit of your many readers who are engaged 
in peach growing, will you allow me a short space in 
your journal to give my experience in treating peach 
borers! I have been engaged in peach growing on a 
small scale for twenty years or more. 

My first method was to remove the »soil and expose 
the roots in cold weather, then replace it in the spring. 
I found this only partially satisfactory. I have also 
used waste tobacco around the trees, and found it very 
effectual in destroying worms and insects, and in pro- 
moting a very vigorous growth in the trees; but it is 
too expensive to be practical in a convenient way. Then 
I tried hunting them with wires, but never had much 
success with this method, and I felt, too, that the man 
with the wire was doing more damiage than the borers. 
Six or seven years ago I commenced using lye for peach 
borers, and I have found it the cheapest and most effec- 
tual remedy that I have yet tried. I buy caustic soda 
in five-pound cans at five or six cents per pound. I dis- 
solve a five pound can in twenty gallons of water, and 
let it come to a boil, this will make It strong enough 
to make good soap. I have already had a little of the 
soil taken from around the trees, so as to make a little 
basin to hold the lye. I now dip this boiling lye from 
the kettle and pour it around the trees, or rather, on 
them, as I wet them up to the limbs, at the rate of one 
to one and a half pints per tree — about one pint is 
enough for trees one and two years old; for trees three 
and four years old, it will take one and a half pints. 

Borers never do much harm after the fourth or fifth 
year. 

I use the lye early in the spring each year, and have 
never been troubled with borers since I have been using 
it; never look for them now. I use the lye on both 
peach and young apple trees, because I know that it 
pays, aside from killing the borers, in cleaning the trees. 
I have never seen any harm done by using the lye hot. 

S. E. PUGH. 



BLIGHT ON IRISH POTATOES. 

Do not neglect to spray the Irish potatoes with Bor- 
deaux Mixture to prevent damage by the early and late 
blights. The formula for mixing the spray will be found 
on page 478 (May issue). Spraying with this mixture 
two or three times during the growth of the crop will 
prevent injury and add greatly to the yield. See the 
May issue for other diseases affecting the Irish potato 
and tomato crops. 



674 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Live Stock and Dairy. 



COOPER'S JERSEY SALE. 

The Annual Memorial Day sale of imported Jersey cat- 
tle by T. S. Cooper & Sons, Coopersburg, Pa., proved a 
great success from every point of view. The offering con- 
sisted of 122 head, which fetched $78,985, or an average 
of $647 per head, which is very close to the high record 
made a few years ago in strictly boom times. 

The astonishing feature of the sale was the high rec- 
ord price for a bull, Viola's Golden Jolly, he having been 
purchased by the Kinloch Farms, owned by Drs. C. B. 
Still and G. N. Lauchlin, Kirksville, Mo., at $12,000. U 
will be observed that this bull topped the figure paid for 
Stockwell, two years ago, by $500. 

Another sensation was produced when Raleigh's Fairy 
Boy was knocked out to C. I. Hudson, of Bast Norwich, 
N. Y., at $8,200. 

It is gratifying to know that Virginia was well repre- 
sented at the sale by the presence of Colonel A. M. Bow- 
man, Bowmont Farm, Salem, Va.; Dr. J. D. Kirk, Glen- 
bum Farm, Roanoke, Va., and A. Randolph Howard, Al- 
landale Farm, Fredericksburg, Va. Colonel Bowman se- 
cured two Magnificent daughters of Oxford Lad, one 
at a cost of $2,225, and the other at $1,025. Dr. Kirk 
got a splendid bull calf by Eminent's Goldmont Lad, and 
a beautiful heifer by Royal Majesty. Mr. Howard was 
very fortunate in not having to pay but $235 for Mona's 
Handsome Fern, sired by Golden Fern's Lad, and out 
of the great cow, Bminent's Mona. 

Dr. H. D. Rodman, of Shelbyville, Ky., was a heavy 
buyer, having landed twenty-one head; while C. I. Hud- 
son ran him a close second, with seventeen animals, 
which cost him an average of over $100 per head. W. R. 
Spann, Dallas, Texas, was also a liberal buyer, getting 
fifteen head for a herd he is now establishing. Vir- 
ginians will remember Mr. Spann pleasantly, as having 
been the manager at the Lewisiana Farm, at Fredericks- 
burg, for the last two years. 

The Coopers are certainly to be congratulated on their 
grit and intelligence in offering the Jersey World each 
year such a magnificent lot of dairy cattle. We told the 
senior member of this firm on one occasion that we pro- 
posed to erect a monument to him after his death, but 
we were not quite sure whether it should be a shaft 
surmounted by a head of Golden Fern's Lad, or whether 
it should be simply a "Jersey" carved from the finest 
Parian marble. 

SHBPHERD. 



SHEEP AS A SIDE ISSUE ON SOUTHERN FARMS. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

There is hardly a farm in the Piedmont or mountain 
sections of the South, but that would be benefited by hav- 
ing a small fiock of breeding ewes to graze on it. Sheep, 
as everyone knows who has tried them, are great glean- 
ers. Three-fourths of the weeds that are so troublesome 
on our cultivated fields would, within a few years, be 
killed out entirely were sheep allowed access to the fields 
at different times of the year. This would require that 
our farms be fenced. However, we believe this should 
be done any way, in order that our hogs could be run 
in different sections of the farm, and gather their feed 



from the clover, cowpea and soja bean fields. There is 
enough feed wasted on half of the farms of the South 
each year to feed a good sized flock of sheep and a good 
bunch of hogs. This matter of waste will need to be 
looked after more carefully as the price of our farm 
lands advance, if we are to make interest on their en- 
hanced value. A gentleman told the writer some time 
ago that he believed Sunny Home Farm to be the clean- 
est farm in North Carolina, devoted to general farming. 
However, this may be a large amount of the credit for 
the clean fields is due to the fact that we keep as a side 
issue from fifty to seventy-five breeding ewes on the farm 
at all times of the year, and there is hardly a square 
rod of land on the farm that doesn't feel the presence 
of the "golden hoof." Aside from what they pick up in 
the fields, the feed of these ewes is only a small amount 
of clover, pea hay, and some little corn silage, fed in 
severe weather, during the winter; and a light feed of 
grain for ewes and lambs in the late winter, before the 
winter grazing crops get their spring sta,rt. The ewes 
average about 125 per cent, of lambs per year that are 
sold to the local butchers for from $5 to $6 per head, 
and are all gone by the middle of August. The wool 
sold from the ewes averages around $1 per head, so we 
receive an income of around $5.50 per year for each 
ewe handled. The majority of the ewes are the common 
scrub stock of the country that we pick up wherever 
we can find them, at around $4 per head, buying only 
young ones. As fast as their mouths begin to break, the 
aged ewes are fattened on pea vines or clover, and sold 
to the butchers, and their places filled with a new lot. 
Only first-class registered Shropshire rams are used on 
these ewes, and the produce is a very good type of mut- 
ton lamb. By getting the lambs off the farm during 
the early summer, we have no losses from stomach worms, 
so have not this loss to figure on. Going back to the 
above, my readers will see that our little flock brings 
us around 125 per cent, per year on the original cost 
of the ewes, the aged ewes usually bringing when fat, 
as much, if not more, than they cost when young. As 
nine-tenths of their feed is what would otherwise be a 
waste product, we consider our little flock pays us very 
well for the trouble they give. 

Dozens of mieadows in our section are fairly yellow 
each spring from the cress that infests the fields. We 
have none of this pest, as there is nothing a sheep loves 
better than this plant when young and tender, and we 
prefer to. handle the cress as a lamb, rather than as 
hay; as when handled in the form of lamb we do not 
have the seed to go into the stable manure, and from 
there back in the land to infest other fields. The ewes 
do away with millions of rag and other troublesome weeds 
while the plants are young and tender. Thus when sheep 
are kept, there is a tendency toward cleaner fields all 
the time, and less weed killing necessary with the har- 
row and cultivator. And we have always found the 
lamb money to come in handy during the early summer. 
I advise our young farmers to look into the sheep busi- 
ness, as keeping a few breeding ewes is a good habit to 
get into. 

Rockingham Co., Va. A. L. FRENCH. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHEEN" PLANTER. 



675 




INTERIOR VIEW OF CONCRETE MILKING BARN, ACCA FARM. 



THE ACCA FARM DAIRY. 

The recent opening of the Acca Farm Dairy for public 
inspection was of more than ordinary interest to both 
stockmen and dairymen in this section. Messrs. Griffith & 
Saunders, proprietors of Acca Stock Farm, Richmond, Va., 
have spared, neither time nor money in erecting what has 
been pronounced by all who have seen it, an ideal dairy 
barn. It is built entirely of concrete and steel, with the 
sole exception of the roof and window frames, which are 
wood. The building is 34x120 feet, with capacity for 
fifty cows. 

In constructing and locating the dairy and buildings, 
particular attention has been paid to the drainage of the 
premises. As far as can be judged, the system is pretty 
nearly perfect in every way. The local and State health 
authorities were consulted at every stage of proceed- 
ings, and every suggestion looking towards the health 
of the animals and sanitation in handling the milk has 
heen adopted. The idea of the proprietors of the farm 
is to have absolutely the finest and most up-to-date dairy 
in the South, and certainly the equal of any to be found 
elsewhere. 

The barns for the dry cattle have capacities for about 
100 cows, and the same careful sanitary arrangements 
"have been installed as those at the milking barns. 

The separating room and wash room are equipped with 
modern appliances of the highest standard, so that every 
Tessel, whether glass or tin, can be thoroughly washed 
and sterilized every time it is used. 

An abundant water supply is furnished from a deep 
well, and is distributed to convenient points all over the 
place. As a precaution, the water was examined by chem- 
ists before use in order to insure its purity. 

Another feature not usually found in dairy barns is a 
system of electric lights. These, of course, eliminate 
all danger, to say nothing of extra work and objection- 
able odors which necessarily follow the use of kerosene. 

In establishing the dairy herd, the proprietors have 



patronized some of the best breedere in the East. They 
are starting out with about fifty cows, all pure-bred reg- 
istered Jerseys. 

Quite a nice bunch of these cattle were obtained from 
the Milnwood Dairy herd of Major A. R. Venable, while 
others were bought at the recent sale at the Lewisiana 
Stock Farm, and still others from Colonel A. M. Bow- 
man's Bowmont herd. The mention of these three sources 
of foundation stock is enough to say about the breeding 
of the cattle. 

The service bulls are Eminent of Acca Farm, sired by 
the Great Eminent, purchased by Colonel Bowman for 
more than $10,000. The other bull, Flying Fox's Cash, 
is the grandson of the Champion Flying Fox, for which 




ACCA FARM DAIRY BARN AND 5.000-GALLON SUPPLY 
TANK. 

Thomas W. Lawson paid $7,500. It will be seen, there- 
fore, that in addition to starting off with good cattle. 



676 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[July, 



the Acca Farm will soon be prepared to furnish stock of 
fashionable breeding also. 

The Acca Farm Dairy Is at present sending its milk to 
the City of Richmond, it being most handily situated 
to do this. The farm is located at Acca Station, just 




EMINENT OF ACCA FARM. 



beyond the State Fair grounds, and is, therefore, of easy 
access, both for business and inspection. 

Messrs. Griffith and Saunders have shown a great deal 
of grit in making such a liberal expenditure in order to 
get their enterprise started right, and we wish them much 
success. 

SHEPHERD. 



SOME BENEFITS WHICH FLCW FROM DAIRY 
HUSBANDRY. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In 1907 the fourteen Southern States produced 1,785,804 
tons of cotton-seed meal, and this takes no account of 
the seed which was produced and either fed or used di- 
rectly as fertilizer. The available supply of concentrates 
assumes considerable proportions when we consider that 
cotton-seed meal has been shown to be much more effi- 
cient, pound for pound, in the nourishment of dairy cat- 
tle than corn. Statistics furnished by the United States 
Department of Agriculture also indicate that at least 
700,000 tons of cotton-seed meal were exported during 1907, 
which brings the available supply for home consump- 
tion down to 1,085,804 tons. Of this amount a large pro- 
portion was sent to the States of the Middle West and 
East as feed for beef and dairy cattle. What percentage 
was thus disposed of we have no accurate means of 
determining, but from suggestions made by the manu- 
facturers and dealers in cotton-seed meal we should judge 
that from forty to sixty per cent, was used in this way. 
If this be true, it is probable that not over a half mil- 
lion tons of cotton-seed meal were utilized in the South, 
and it would be impossible to say what proportion was 
fed and what part used in the preparation of fertilizers. 

It is a well-known fact that the nitrogen in a large 



per c6nt. of the fertilizer now used is furnished by cot- 
ton-seed meal; so that the amount annually fed, when 
compared with the total production, is indeed small. We 
may well inquire if this condition is due to the dearth 
of dairy cows or other cattle. Again referring to the Fed- 
eral reports, we find there were 4,767,000 cows in the 
fourteen Southern States in 1907, and of other cattle there 
were in these same States, 15,310,489. The tonnage of 
cotton-seed meal manufactured, when reduced to pounds 
amounts to 3,571,608,000. If only 200 pounds of meal were 
fed per head per annum, there would be enough to provide 
for 17,858,940 head of cattle. Since we • have something 
over 19,000,000 head of this class of stock alone, it is easy 
to see that there is a home market for more than twice 
as much cotton seed meal as we are manufacturing at pres- 
ent time, since 200 pounds per annum would only allow 
about three-fifths of a pound per head per day. Our 4,- 
776,000 dairy cows if only fed 6 pounds of cotton seed 
meal per head per day for 150 days, or five months, 'which 
would be about the time they would be stabled, would con- 
sume the entire output for the year 1907, and would then 
only consume at the rate of 900 pounds of meal per an- 
num; whereas, as a matter of fact, a good dairy cow would 
need to be fed some meal probably in the summer, and 
would consume with profit from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per 
annum. It would be an easy matter, therefore, to feed all 
the cotton seed meal produced to the best possible advan- 
tage to the dairy cows we now own, leaving out of the 
consideration the 15,000,000 head of other cattle which we 
already possess. It has frequently been said that we have 
not a sufficient number of live stock to utilize our cotton 
seed meal advantageously, and it is for this reason that 
some effort has been made to show the fallacy of this con- 
tention. 

Let us now consider what the advantages would be from 
feeding our cotton-seed meal, and so saving a part of the 
fertilizer bills which now constitute such a heavy tax on 
the production of our southern farm lands. As a basis 
on which to make an estimate, let us suppose that the 
farmer is operating a dairy with thirty working cows. He 
would have in his herd probably forty animals, as all of 
his cows would not be milking at one time, and he would 
desire to develop some of his young stock in order to main- 
tain and at the same time improve his herd by weeding 
out old or unprofitable animals. Let us consider that he 
will feed during the summer time or a good portion there- 
of, as much as 2 to 3 pounds of cotton seed meal, and in 
the winter from five to six pounds. In this case, cotton 
seed meal will provide only the concentrate fed, and the 
amount suggested is for cows weighing 1,000 pounds and 
yielding a minimum of two gallons of milk per day; some 
of them will probably give twice as much as this, and all 
animals will not be fed the amounts mentioned, but the 
ration will be varied to suit their individual needs. As an 
average for the herd, however, they will easily consume 
meal in the amounts suggested above. 

On this dairy farm it will be desirable to have twenty 
acres in com and sorghum to be put in the silo with an 
approximate yield of 6 to 8 tons per acre. No doubt many 
will think this is a small yield, and it is, though some years 
of experience in weighing the crop made, even when it 
looks to be large, lead us to believe that the yield of sil- 
age is frequently overestimated. There will be fifty acres 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



677 




FIVE MATRONS OF ACCA FARM DAIRY HERD. GIVING 10 GALLONS PER MILKING. 



of corn to cultivate with an approximate yield of twenty- 
five bushels per acre, or 1,250 bushels all told, and there 
should be available from this crop about seventy-five tons 
of stover to be shred, or a ton and a half per acre. Fifty 
acres of good Bermuda sod will be needed to furnish the 
summer grazing, and after the corn is harvested the land 
should be put in oats and vetch for winter grazing and hay 
■production. When the oats and vetch come off, the land 
could be replanted to corn, but it would be much better 
practice to grow cowpeas for hay. Or better still, we would 
divide the area into two parts, growing cowpeas for hay 
on twenty-five acres, and devoting the balance to the pro- 
duction of grazing crops to be utilized in finishing hogs. 
On such a farm we think it advisable to raise twenty-five 
acres of cotton with an anticipated yield of one bale per 
acre. 

This would give approximately 145 acres of land to cul- 
tivate each year and would provide an abundance of feed 
for the herd of cows, the work stock, and for finishing at 
least 100 hogs each season, as they would be chiefiy raised 
and fattened on grazing crops. There should be twenty- 
five bales of cotton to sell from such a farm and twenty- 
five tons of cowpea or oats and vetch hay, since a fair 
yield would be one ton per acre. 

To grow crops like this the land would of necessity have 
to be fed, and that brings us to the most interesting part 
of this investigation. To feed cotton seed meal to the 
cows at the rate suggested, the farmer would probably 
have to buy twenty-five tons. Suppose it costs him $24.00 
a ton, or $C00.00. He can figure on having eighty per cent. 
of the fertilizer contained in his cotton seed meal re- 
turned to the soil in the form of farm yard manure, pro- 
vided he takes the pains to have the liquid and solid ex- 
creta handled to the best advantage. Moreover, farmyard 
manure through adding some vegetable matter to the soil 
and having a beneficial influence on the life and activity 
of the various micro-organisms essential to crop produc- 
tion, confers benefits on the land which can never be ob- 
tained through the use of commercial fertilizers. 

Allowing 18 cents per pound for nitrogen, 6 cents for 
phosphoric acid and 6 cents for potash, figures which we 
think reasonable in view of the special benefits which farm- 
yard manure exercises, we find that 80 per cent of the fer- 



tilizing value of twenty-five tons of cotton seed meal 
amounts to $600.00, since each ton of pure cotton seed meal 
that is containing seven per cent, of nitrogen should con- 
tain approximately 140 pounds of nitrogen which at 18 
cents would be worth $25.20, forty pounds of phosphoric 
acid, which at six cents would be worth $2.40, and forty 
pounds of potash which at six cents would be worth $2.40, 
making a total of $30.00 per ton. 

On a farm of the area we have suggested and where 
crops of the yields figured on could be reasonably expect^', 
it would be necessary to spend at least $600.00 for commer- 
cial fertilizers. Suppose the farmer can buy a 3-10-3 fer- 
tilizer at $25.00 per ton. His $600.00 will buy twenty-four 
tons of such material. This fertilizer will contain sixty 
pounds of nitrogen per ton, 200 pounds of phosphoric acid 
and sixty pounds of potash. This would be enough to ap- 
ply approximately 330 pounds per acre to the 145 acres 
under cultivation, and there would be added to the soil 
7,680 pounds of available plant food. Eighty per cent, of 
the fertilizing of cotton seed meal would figure out as fol- 
lows: About 2900 pounds of nitrogen as against 1440 pounds 
in the commercial fertilizer; about 1,000 pounds of phos- 
phoric acid as against 4,700 pounds in the commercial fer- 
tilizer. This would leave the farmer to buy 3,800 pounds 
of phosphoric acid and 440 pounds of potash to supply his 
soil with the equivalent amount of plant food obtained in 
the twenty-four tons of a high-grade fertilizer. 

It will be easily seen that farmyard manure is not a well- 
balanced plant food, being particularly low in phosphoric 
acid, but it should not be forgotten that the manure will 
confer benefits on the land which will offset the apparent 
discrepancy in the plant food supplied by 24 tona 
of high-grade fertilizer when compared with the equiva- 
lent returned to the soil by feeding twenty-five tons of 
high-grade cotton seed meal to a herd of dairy cows. How- 
ever, we would not advise the dairy farmer not to purchase 
any commercial plant food because a one-sided ration can 
only prove injurious to his crop and will often reduce the 
yield disproportionately. As a matter of fact, however, he 
can purchase the twelve tons of acid phosphate which will 
be needed to make up the balance of3,800 pounds due the 
soil for approximately $180, and one^eighth ton of muriate 
of potash will more than supply the loss in potash. So 



678 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[Jnly, 



for the sum of $200.00 the farmer who feeds twenty-five 
tons of cotton seed meal may supply to his soil all the 
available plant food which will result from the use of 
twenty-four tons of high-grade fertilizer. At the same time 
he will have enough farmyard manure available to fertil- 
ize a good section of his cultivated land each year and 
enrich it materially by so doing. In fact, he should be 
able to easily cover one-fifth of his cultivated land with 
manure each year. Since he would of necessity have to 
practice a rotation on his land and keep a good part of it 
covered with crops that not only protect it from wasting 
in winter time, but help to enrich the soil because of their 
ability to gather nitrogen from the air. it is easy to see that 
his laud would constantly increase in fertility, and that the 
necessity for buying the amounts of commercial fertil- 
izer suggested would decrease. 

Surely the utilization of cotton seed meal in the nour- 
ishment of dairy cattle offers possibilities for the economic 
upbuilding of our southern farm lands which we cannot 
afford to longer neglect, and where beef husbandry is prac- 
ticed, the results would be even more gratifying, as in 
this case from ninety to ninety-five per cent, of the lertil- 
izing ingredients contained in the food would be voided. 
The salvation of our southern soils is dependent upon the 
development of live stock industries which will enable us 
to take the cotton seed meal we are now producing and 
manufacture it on the farm, and thereby insure the farmer 
receiving the highest market price for his crops in a fin 
islied form, that is, as beef, milk, butter or cheese. 

Georgia State College of Agr. 

ANDREW M. SOULB. 



BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

The history of this disease in cattle has shown it to be 
of a highly contagious character. One animal, haying tu- 
berculosis, introduced into a herd may communicate the 
disease to every animal in the entire herd. A cow in per 
tfect health may contract the disease and for a time noth 
I'ing will indicate its presence that is, no physical examina- 
::tion would show that the animal had any trouble what- 
ever. This disease at times makes rapid progress and 
-when certain portions of the body may have become in- 
iinfected as for instance the lungs, the animal may suc- 
cumb to the disease in a short time. The danger in hav- 
ing a tuberculous animal in a herd is not fully appreciated 
by the average dairyman. If a cow is affected in the lungs 
she soon becomes a source of danger to the entire herd. 
The lungs are soon affected to such an extent that the dis- 
eased portions break down and the material from the 
lungs is coughed up and swallowed, the tubercle bacilli 
in this way entering the digestive tract and being con- 
stantly thrown out in the manure. The manure in the sta- 
ble thus becoming a very prolific source of infection. In 
stables this manure becomes more or less dried out and be- 
ing comiposed of light material a great deal of it rises and 
floats in the air as dust and in this way is taken into the 
lungs and digestive tracts of the other cows in the bam as 
well as getting into the milk in the process of taking the 
milk from the cows, the danger then of the transmission 
of the disease can readily be seen where only a single ani- 
mal in a herd may be affected. It is not surprising that 
in many cases where no precautions are taken that entiie 



herds become diseased, which entails more or less loss 
upon the owners. 

The question then is a most important one for the in- 
telligent dairyman to solve. What can he do to protect 
himself from this highly contagious disease. He must do 
something or else disease may get into and spread through 
his entire herd. 

In the first place he should take every precaution not to 
bring tuberculosis into his herd by buying animals which 
may be affected with the disease. The question presents 
itself, how can this be done. 

No dairyman should introduce into his herd any ani- 
mal without first satisfying himself that such animal is 
free from tuberculosis. The tuberculin test will show 
whether an animal is diseased or not. The application 
of this test is simple, but it should not be made, except 
by an experienced veterinarian, as it is very important 
that the results of this test be intelligently diagnosed. 
Every cow, then, before entering a herd should firet be 
tested to find out if she is free from this disease. This 
should give the assurance that the disease will not be 
introduced into the herd. 

The State Live Stock Sanitary Board has taken the 
precaution to pass a regulation that no cows for dairy 
or breeding purposes be brought into the State without 
the assurance that they are free from tuberculosis, and 
they must be accompanied with papers showiing that 
within six months before they are brought into the State 
that they have been tested with tuberculin without re- 
acting. The railroads will be notified of this regula- 
tion, and that they will be bringing cows into the State 
in violation of this regulation, unless accompanied with 
the proper papers. This should discourage the attempt 
to bring tuberculous cows into the State, as a heavy 
fine is made the penalty of the violation of this regula- 
tion. 

The next q-iestion is, how to free a herd from tubercu- 
losis, when Its presence may have been indicated by the 
use of the tuberculin test. The reacting animals should 
be promptly removed from the herd. These animals may 
not be affected to any great extent, and when the infec- 
tion is in its first stages the carcass, for the most part, 
is passed for food purposes. When tuberculous animals 
have been found in a herd the possibility of more or 
less infection about the stable is a matter to be dealt 
with, as it is very important, not only to free the herd 
from tuberculous animals, but also to remove the pos 
sibility of the transmission of the disease in any way 
whatever to those animals not reacting to the test. The 
The entire premises should be disinfected, and the treat- 
ment should be as thorough as it is possible to make it, 
and as a double precaution, should be repeated before 
the animals are put into the stable again, One testing 
of a herd with thorough disinfection may get rid of tu- 
berculosis, but to be sure that it has been gotten rid of, 
periodical tests should be made, and after making the 
first test and removing the reacting animals and thorough 
disinfection of the stables tests should be made six months 
thereafter, and followed with removal of reacting ani- 
mals if any, and disinfection as at first. 

After it has become apparent that all tuberculous ani- 
mals have been gotten rid of, and all danger of tuber- 
culosis removed from the surroundings, then the herd 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



679 



can be kept free from this disease, unless, in some way, 
the disease be introduced into the herd by bringing in 
a cow or bull that may be infected with it. 

After the herd has been freed from this disease, and 
has failed to react after two or three tuberculin tests, 
made at intervals of six months, then, in order to know 
the herd is kept free from this disease, tests should be 
made regularly at intervals of one year. The difficulty 
presented to the dairyman is that he is afraid if he tests 
that he will find a large majority of his herd affected, 
and he is afraid to take the plunge, figuring that 
unless this examination is general, that no particular good 
will be accomplished by testing his cows. 

In some of the States testing cows with tuberculin is 
made compulsory, and the State in which this is done 
pays a certain proportion of the value of all animals 
condemned, and takes over the carcass, selling the hidw 
and the carcass also, if it appears after examination, to 
be fit for food. Such disinfection as may appear neces- 
sary is also done, so as to remove this source of the pos- 
sible transmission of this disease. This fight for the erad- 
ication of bovine tuberculosis is coming; the, disease 
has been practically eradicated in the way outlined above, 
in some countries, and in some of our States it is being 
eradicated by the same measure. 

Our dairymen should study this question very care- 
fully, as their future success in this business depends 
largely upon the question as to whether they will be 
able to successfully contend with this much dreaded di- 
sease. 

W. D. SAUNDERS, 
Dairy Commissioner. 

Richmond, Va. 



THE DUAL PURPOSE COW. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In the June Planter, Mr. Luttrell enters a plea for the 
dual purpose cov/, naming the Red Poll and Shorthorn, 
and uses some novel arguments in support of his position 
which are sound doctrine from the breeder's standpoint, 
but serve, it would seem, to weaken his position. His argu 
ment is clearly for purity of blood. He says: "We may 
select a sire of exceptional conformation, but which does 
not possess generations of uncontaminated blood to im- 
press upon his progeny, and find that his excellence ends 
with himself. * * * Qn the other hand, the pure bred, 
with generations of royal blood of strong individuality 
with conformation characteristic of the breed, is bound 
to impress his good points on his progeny." This is good 
doctrine. Then to strengthen his dual purpose argument 
he cites the cross of the thoroughbred and the Clyde 
as a means of producing a dual purpose horse. It may 
be, undoubtedly is, true, that there are isolated cases 
where such a cross has produced a valuable animal. It 
would be interesting, however, to know the name of the 
successful breeder who follows this line of breeding for 
the purpose of producing a race horse, a draughter and 
an ideal saddler all in one individual. And, if by chance, 
such a valuable animal has been produced, what char- 
acteristics were transmitted to its progeny? Would it 
be called a thoroughbred, a Clyde or a scrub? 

The judgment of condemnation which Mr. Luttrell 
passes on some men of a belief different from his, may 



establish the law by which he himself shall be judged. 
May it not be true that he is included in the class of 
"men of narrow vision, who claim to know so much about 
something they have never handled, or, if they have, it 
has only been a cheap cull" ? Just what experience 
have you had, Mr. Luttrell, with the cow bred solely 
for milk production? Have you ©ver made any com- 
parative tests of net returns from the cows you cham- 
pion and those you condemn? 

Further arguing his point, Mr. Luttrell says: "The 
m'ost valuable men on our farms are the ones who can 
perform well the greater number of duties, and not the 
one-duty man." The dual purpose man! This is unique! 
But to consider it a moment. Then, the man with many 
trades or professions is a dual purpose man. If his claim 
be true the "Jack-of-all-trades" is to be valued more 
highly than the man of a single trade or profession. The 
man who is trained to a degree as a physician, a lawyer, 
an engineer and a dentist is more to be commended than 
a man eminent in a single profession. Is your physi- 
cian also your lawyer and your dentist? Is it not a 
notable fact that men who have attained real greatness 
have devoted their entire talent and energy to a single 
line of research? 

And the yearling steers. How many yearling steers, 
except possibly pure breds, ever bring a price of $50 or 
more? What proportion of the yearling steers, even of 
the distinct beef breeds, throughout the country, bring 
any such price? If Mr. Luttrell means pure breds, the 
answer is this: The pure breds of the strict dairy breeds 
seldom sell for a price as low as that, while it can be- 
very easily shown that the average price received for- 
pure breds of that type is quite as much as that received 
for the pure breds of the so-called dual purpose breeds. 
So there is no virtue in an argument that the young- 
things bring a better price. 

And how about "the noble cows giving a gallon of • 
milk from each quarter with grand calves by their sides?" 
After taking us back four decades to see those cows, will 
Mr. Luttrell kindly tell us where we may go in this pres- 
ent year to see the progeny of those cows? What be- 
came of those grand calves, are they giving four gal- 
lons of milk at a milking? It may be accepted as a 
fact that such cows may have existed, but unless those 
calves are duplicating the records of their ancestors, and 
are producing more of the kind, the illustration is the 
best argument against the thing that he is trying to 
prove. In that case they were simply occasional indi- 
viduals, high producers themselves, but lacking the power 
to transmit their milking quality to their progeny, sim- 
ply because they were bred as beef-producing animals. If 
Mr. Luttrell's position is tenable, and if he and his co-ad- 
vocates of dual purpose cows are men of broad vision 
as distinguished from the advocates of the special pur- 
pose cow — the men whom he characterizes as men of nar- 
row vision — then it would seem that they must surely 
be able and willing to produce concrete evidence in sup- 
port of their contention. If within the breeds which 
you call dual purpose, such exceptional producers are 
to be found, and are so prepotent as to transmit that 
quality to their progeny according to known laws of her- 
edity, and have done so, and a strain has been devel- 
oped from which animals can be selected which are at 



680 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 



[July, 



once the best beef and the best milk producers, will you 
not, Mr. Luttrell, name the man or men who have bred 
and who own such animals; name the animals themBelves, 
and give authenticated records of their milk production, 
to the end that erring dairymen may be recalled from 
their wanderings? 

Very many times the position of the special purpose 
advocate is misunderstood or misconstrued. No one ques- 
tions that there are occasional large producers of milk 
among the beef breeds of cattle. No one questions that 
Mr. Luttrell or anyone else may have known Shorthorn 
cows which gave four gallons of milk at a milking. But 
that any considerable number of such cows, or any large 
herds of them exist is seriously questioned. Certainly 
neither Mr. Luttrell nor anyone else can show an offi- 
cially authenticated record of the production of any such 
herd, in any part of this country. Nor is it probable 
that any considerable number of the breeders of the 
Shorthorns or Red Polls claim their cows to be great 
milk producers. 

Mr. Luttrell's suggestion of a wager can be disposed 

of in a single query: Would he be willing to place the 

wager if it were to provide for the test of not less than 

one hundred cows? 

O. A. THOMAS. 

Fauquier Co., Va. 



TOBACCO FOR SHEEP. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Through these columns I have spoken often to the 
sheep men of Virginia and the South about the stomach 
worm and some of my friends have known that I have 
spoken out of "an abundance of experience." Quite re- 
cently I had something to say of tobacco as a preventa- 
tive. Please remember that I was not of chat number 
who have so often spoken of it as a cure, but, on the 
other hand, I had evidence that went to show that lambs 
affected with stomach worms, after having taken tobacco 
regularly for a period of two months, still showed a 
goodly number of stomach worms on post-mortem examina 
tion. I could not state positively, therefore, that tobacco 
will expel stomach worms completely, but, in the case 
cited, the lambs picked up flesh and improved in appear- 
ance. If this is the way of stomach worm lambs, I had 
not learned it up to date. I felt encouraged to pursue 
the treatment further and have a rather interesting report 
to make, which seems quite apropos, now that so many 
breeders are writing about the futility of this treatment 
and some even giving testimony to its injurious effect 
upon their flocks. 

Let it be remembered that my Dorset flock is a part 
of the well-known Edgewood flock, which it was my pleas- 
ure to build up after many years of work and through dif- 
ficulties unnumbered and trials that would have driven 
many a less enthusiastic sheep breeder to despair and a 
closing of the business. Stomach worms and all other 
sort of worms had invaded our sheep and our losses 
were fearful, and what sheep we had were reduced in 
size and much depleted. After reducing the flock, the 
remnant was slowly brought back to respectability and 
health by a system of pasture that I have so often de- 
scribed and which is quite simple to worK with a small 



flock; but two things always troubled me and made me 
believe that my work with parasites was not complete; 
viz., the presence of much mucus (white lumps and 
threads) and segments of tape-worms in the droppings, 
and a tendency to cough after the least exertion or excite- 
ment. If you would send a dog for a bunch of ewes, they 
would come up coughing and snorting in a way that mere 
catarrh could not be responsible for. 

Furthermore, I find that most of the flocks in this sec- 
tion show the same characteristics. My own flock was 
very seriously affected all last summer, a few of my best 
ewes being so inconvenienced that they just would not 
take on fat on grass. I can't believe a flock in this shape 
is in satisfactory condition, even if you are keeping the 
work of stomach worms and other parasites in safe lim- 
its. I am, therefore, the more ready to report the condi- 
tion of my sheep. 

I was in Georgia during the winter and tobacco feed- 
ing stopped when I left in September, but I gave orders 
that in February salted tobacco stems should be placed 
before my sheep regularly, but that the sheep should .be 
salted besides. Within a month all of them, old sheep 
and lambs, were eating tobacco stems greedily. In fact, 
they hat gotten the filthy habit, the grip of which many 
a man can, to his sorrow or to his sincere satisfaction, 
bear testimony to. In fact, they ate so much tobacco 
that in May I took the stems out of their trough and now 
feed them a limited quantity twice a wek. You ought 
to see them chew that tobacco; but I am glad to report 
that they don't spit tobacco juice all over the walls of 
their stable, only men are thusi careless in the use of 
tobacco, and, thank the Lord, not many of them, even 
though they must chew. 

These sheep "sure do love" tobacco. The part that 
pleases me is their condition. I think I never saw sheep 
in finer condition. Their skins are as pink as cherries, 
just as Dorsets skin can be, and even the ewes with 
lambs are in fine flesh. The lambs, instead of showing 
any harsh wool or paleness of skin, are plump, smooth, 
lusty, pink. My, it is delightful to see such sheep! T 
find no coughing to speak of and their droppings are 
clean and nice. I am almost ready to say that tobacco 
is a great tonic for sheep and certainly I shall continue 
its use as long as I find these results. 

I trust Virginia farmers will give it a thorough trial 
before giving it up and report results. We don't want 
men who are too stingy to buy a little tobacco or too 
lazy to teach their sheep to eat it to write great epistles 
declaring it is no good. Let's try it in the right way 
for two or three years, and if we find it good for the 
health of our sheep, we will tell the world about it and 
Virginia will have a more laudable demand for an industry 
that is already bringing her great wealth. 

Maxwelton, W. Va. H. B. ARBUCKLB. 



OPPORTUNITIES FOR DAIRYING IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

This subject will be considered under two headings — 
one, the available market for dairy products, and the 
other, the available market for dairy animals. The pro- 
duction of first-class dairy products in Virginia is very 
limited. There is very little butter and cheese produced 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



681 



and not enough sweet cream to supply the demand for 
this product; at times milk is also to a limited extent 
sent into the State. If the production of milk and cream 
was doubled and a good article offered at a fair price, 
It would all be used promptly. Butter is produced on the 
farms to quite a considerable extent, but, on account of 
the fact that it is not uniform in quality, it does not 
bring the price it should. A report recently sent out from 
the Dairy Department at Washington indicates that about 
20,000,000 pounds of butter is made in Virginia, the 
larger portion of it on the farms. There is easily a dif- 
ference of ten cents a pound between the price of country- 
made and creamery-made butter; there is then lost to the 
producers in Virginia on this amount of output $2,000,000, 
this could be saved by making this product of high quali- 
ty, when it would easily bring the advanced price. This 
could be done by the farmers associating themselves to 
gether and having creameries in which to prepare theii 
daily products for market. The butter production in the 
South is very limited; the report already referred to also 
states that there are fifty cities in the South buying nearly 
half a million dollars each of dairy products yearly, and 
that the major part of these products are brought into 
the States in which these cities are located from other 
States. 

Virginia has climatic conditions superior to what we find 
in States in higher latitudes; winters are shorter and 
milder, and ice seldom fails to be formed and an abund- 
ance of ice can be gathered every winter with few excep- 
tions. It is not necessary to build such expensive barns, 
as the cold weather in winter is not so severe as in higher 
latitudes, nor so prolonged. On account of milder win- 
ters and longer summers, cattle can be kept at less cost, 
the feeding period is not so long, and, in some localities 
where grass grows very luxuriantly, as is the case in 
some portions of the Valley and the Southwest, cattle 
can be wintered at small cost. 

Cheese is consumed very largely in the State; almost 
every store where groceries are sold has cheese for sale, 
while the production of cheese in the State is very limited, 
scarcely any cheese is made at all. 

When we consider the opportunities for selling dairy 
animals in Virginia we find that the demand is far be- 
yond what can be supplied for many years. The dairy- 
man who will breed cows for dairy purposes as soon as 
he can produce cows giving from four to six thousand 
pounds of milk per year and two to three "hundred pounds 
of butter fat, will have no difficulty whatever in finding 
sale for them at satisfactory prices. The demand for 
dairy products in Virginia and the South means that in 
Virginia at least dairying will be developed rapidly, and 
with this development will come an increased demand for 
dairy cows and better prices for better cows. The pro- 
duction of good cows is a simple matter, even when the 
dairyman has 'to start with native cows. If a good bull 
is used, it takes only five crosses to eliminate all but 
one-thirty-second part of the blood of the original cows, 
and with thirty-one-thirty-seconds of the blood of bulls 
whose ancestors have produced from three to four hundred 
pounds of butter fat and from seven to ten thousand 
pounds of milk, there would be no question as to the fact 
that these cows would be large producers. 



Virginia offers peculiar advantages to the dairyman and 
those who may wish to go into this business and those who 
are looking for the best opportunities should thoroughly in- 
vestigate what Virginia has to offer them before locating 
elsewhere. It might be well in this connection to say that 
those who may be looking for instruction in this line of 
agriculture endeavor can find at the State Agricultural 
College at Blacksburg opportunities equal to almost any 
in the country. Communications for information along 
this line addressed to the President, at Blacksburg, Vir- 
ginia, will bring full information of what the College is 
prepared to do in this Department. 

Richmond, Va. W. D. SAUNDERS, 

Dairy Commissioner. 



SUMMERING HOGS AND PIGS. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

Our people certainly do not realize the profit to be made 
in the pork producing business in the South, else there 
would be more men engaged in the business. We find no 
class of animals pay us a greater net profit than the pigs 
we sell each fall and winter. There is a first-class mar- 
ket in the vicinity of nearly all our cotton mill towns 
for good, fresh pork, and what, my friends, is the sense 
of letting the Western farmers, through the packer, sup- 
ply this market when we can grow the meat at one-half 
what it costs the Western farmer to produce it, and get 
the price the Western man secures for his product with 
the packer's profit and the freight added. 

Some people seem to think because we have not a 
strictly corn growing section as yet that we are not in 
position to grow pork profitably. A greater mistake was 
never made. Three fourths of the feed of our hogs comes 
from other than corn plants. What an array of pork 
producing plants we have. There is blue grass, Bermuda, 
timothy, herds grass, crimson clover, rye, oats, vetch, 
white clover, cowpeas, soja beans, and corn. All these 
we may have on any of our Piedmont farms if we will 
On our place we have an abundance of all except the 
Bermuda and vetch, and could have these if we thought 
we needed them. We are running seventy shoats on one 
little place at this time at a cost for purchased food (shin- 
stuff) of forty cents per day. The pigs weigh from 
twenty-five to sixty pounds each. The ualance of their 
food is picked on the farm and the majority of it is 
products that would otherwise be wasted — white clover, 
plantain, Japan clover, etc. We let them right out into 
our large clover fields and pastures. They do no damage 
to the hay when they have a large territory to run over, 
and the feed they secure in this way at practically no 
cost keeps them growing right along. Later, when the 
field of cowpeas is beginning to show pods they will 
bury themselves in the vines and their purchased food 
will be practically nothing. When the corn gets in the 
wasting ear stage we will start them off on a small feed 
of snapped ears. These will be taken from the ensilage 
field. Then .when the main crop is ready to husk, they 
will be getting all the soft and short corn they will use 
fed on a late pea field. When the peas are all gone 
an early sown field of crimson clover and oats will be 
ready for them. Butchering will have begun before this 
time, the older hogs being killed as the fresh meat trade 



682 



THE SOUTHEEN PLANTER. 



[July, 



calls for them. Succulence will be continued for the later 
killers, the small pigs and sows, by the use of good, rich 
corn silage. The last of the spring pigs will be gone by 
February, then the early fall pigs will help out until 
warm weather arrives, when the fresh meat trade will 
stop until fall. By October another lot will be ready and 
we will try to make soja bean meal take the place of 
the purchased shipstuff hereafter, as we believe in grow- 
ing all the feed we use when possible to do so. We 
have been growing hogs in the above manner on our 
Piedmont farm for eight years, producing from forty ..o 
one hundred and fifty head per year, and having lost 
only two hogs by disease during that time, we conclude 
that such a life suits the hog nature. We spray the pigs 
every two wrecks with cattle dip, one to forty, with some 
coal oil added to the mixture. Calling the whole bunch 
into box stalls, the spraying may be doi^e in ten minutes 
at very little expense. Our pigs are fed their slop in 
large, flat-bottomed troughs behind a creep where the 
sows cannot interfere with them. The slop being dis- 
tributed evenly in the wide troughs, the pigs are obliged 
to take their feed slowly and all have an equal show. 

We castrate the boar pigs at about three weeks of age. 
Have a good, sharp knife, and a bucket of dip to immerse 
the wounds in and no attention need be paid to the 
"sign," whether it be in the lieart, the toe, or the end of 
the tail. We have castrated more than one thousand pigs, 
using the above disinfectant method, have yet to lose 
the first one, and seldom have one to be off his feed for 
an hour, so we have lost faith in the "sign." The "sign" 
will be wrong when pigs are kept in filthy yards or pens; 
when fed on corn alone in a dry lot, or when the operator 
uses a germ-infected knife, and the only sign we can be 
sure of in the above cases is that the hogs are being 
kept under unsanitary, unprofitable conditions, and that 
the hog grower should change his methods or get out of 
the hog business. A. L. FRENCH. 

Rockingham Co., N. C. 



male would probably be an improvement on the native 
stock. But the individual farmer must study his own 
conditions, and if he can make more money out of the 
early maturing hogs that are popular in the West, he 
should do so, and leave the bacon hog to those whose con- 
ditions favor his development. W. F. MASSBY. 



BACON AND LARD HOGS. 

I would like to say to "S. G. S." that I had no idea 
in what I said about the Florida razor-back hogs to throw 
any discredit on a breed that has been produced for 
bacon. I simply cited the razor-back as the survival ot 
the fittest for the conditions under which he lives, and 
I know that even a Florida razor-back and his kin in 
Southeast Virginia make the finest of hams and the most 
gamey bacon in the world. I have never raised the Tam- 
worth, but, from all I have heard of them, I would greatly 
prefer them for home use at least to the great lard hogs 
of the West. The hams of Smithfield could not be made 
from the Berkshire or Poland China, while probably the 
Virginia packers would find it profitable to raise the Tani- 
worth as an improvement on the razor-backs. I would 
be glad to see more attention to the raising of the best 
type of bacon hogs, and, from what I have seen, I believe 
that "S. G. S." is right about the Tamworth breed, and 
I never wrote a word against them. The West, to use 
profitably its corn crop, will probably always stick to the 
lard hog, while the general adoption of this type in lower 
Virginia would destroy the reputation of that section for 
fine hams, and there the use of a full-blood Tamworth 



BREEDS OF HOGS AS MEAT PRODUCERS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In your May issue is an inquiry from Mr. George A. 
Greene as to the capacity of the various breeds of swine 
to convert food into meat. 

When searching through some newspaper cuttings of 
the year 1902, I found the following: 

Breeds Compared as Bacon Producers. 

The large white (Yorkshire) pigs which are so popu- 
lar among breeders in this country have recently been fig- 
uring to great advantage as pork producer in some experi- 
ments carried out at one of the American Agricultural 
Stations with the object of testing the relative values of 
a number of leading breeds of swine. As a result of thes3 
experiments, it was found that the average cost of produc- 
ing one hundred pounds of pork worked out as follows 
for the various breeds experimented with in the trial: 

1. Large Yorkshires 8s. 7d.=$2 03 

2. Tamworths 9s. =$2 08 

3. Tamworth-Poland China Cross 9s. 2d.=$2 10 

4. Yorkshire-Poland China Cross... 9s. 2d.=$2 11 

5. Yorkshire-Berkshire Cross 9s. 5d.=$2 13 

6. Poland Chinas 10s. 5d.=$2 25 

The following conclusions were deduced from the ex- 
periments in question: 

1 That the gains made by well-fed swine increased with 
advancing age for several months subsequent to birth 
period. 

2. That swine of the lard producng types are not more 
cheaply grown up to the age of one hundred and ninety- 
six days than swine of the bacon producing types. 

3. That pork can be made more cheaply from swine of 
the large Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds than from the 
Poland Chinas, or what may be termed "lard types." 

I have somewhere amongst my papers the details of 
experiments in which Berkshires also figured in these. 
The large Yorkshire also came out top in even weight and 
quality of meat produced from given weights of food. 

Hunts, England. SANDERS SPENCER. 



THE MILK ESCUTCHEON. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Somewhere in the forties there was what was called 
the "Guenon Milk Mirror," a series of photos showing vari- 
ous arrangements of the hairs on a cow's rear; curls, 
"wheatears," etc., by which her milking qualities were de- 
termined as to quality, quantity, and period of giving 
milk. 

I am certain beyond all possibility of doubt that there 
was such a series of charts, and that I have seen state- 
ments in veterinary journals in answer to enquirers that 
the charts were deemed reliable, and also that I once 
saw — I think, in the old American Agriculturist — mention 
of the fine "escutcheon" some bull showed, as indicating 
his value as a getter of milkers. I also remember of a 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



683 



person who had mastered this "mirror" passing behind 
a lot of cows belonging to a member of my family, and 
accurately giving their relative milking qualities. 

Originally, the "Mirror" was defective in its intense 
elaboration. Cows were divided into families (I remem- 
ber that one was called the "Flanders," or "Flandreau," or 
some such name). These families were divided and sub- 
divided until one might almost as well attempt to commit 
Webster's dictionary to memory as to master it. But m.v 
old neighbor, who indicated the quality oi cows as above 
stated, said that the Agricultural Bureau (or whatever it 
was forty years ago) had simplified the thing and made 
it comprehensible. 

But perhaps that was in the days of the Commissioner 
of Agriculture who seriously inquired why hydraulic rams 
had not been tried to improve the breea of sheep? 

Can you tell me where I can find a print of these 
"Mirrors"? WILLIAM WADE. 

Oakmont, Pa., May 18, 1909. 

You are perfectly correct in your recollection as to Es- 
cutcheon" plates. We remember having seen them our 
selves, but cannot now recall where. We have lookea 
through several old books on Dairy Cows, but cannot 
find illustrations of these escutcheons, though we still 
think we have them in some or one of the books in ou; 
library. However, except as an example of the strangt 
ideas formerly entertained even by some scientific men at- 
to the possibility of determining the milking and produc- 
ing capacity of cows by outward signs, they are value- 
less. Modern research and scientific investigation has 
positively determined that no reliance whatever can be 
placed in the peculiar arrangement of the hair on the es- 
cutcheon of the cow as to her capacity to produce milK 
or butter Cows with so-called fine escutcheons have been 
proven to be of no value as producers. Dairy conforma- 
tion and selected breeding in producing lines are the only 
means of securing profitable cows when properly fed. 
Some of the finest producing cows ever known have little 
or no signs of an escutcheon, and all the best authori- 
ties on the dairy cow wholly disregard this "old time 
sign" of a good cow. We ourselves can remember the 
time when we were told to have regard to the escutche- 
on when buying a dairy cow, but never were able to see 
any relation between the escutcheon and the productio.i 
of the cow, and hence we soon ceased to place any reli- 
ance on this so-called "sign."- — Ed. 



PLOWS AND PLOWING. 

Editor SoutJiern Planter; 

I would like to say a few words on tue plow question. 
As we all know, it depends largely on what we want a 
plow to do as to what kind of a plow we should buy; but, 
in the first place, we should not expect too much of any 
plow or of any one implement. 

Since I have learned how to use good modern plows 
and implements I can do it with much profit. I mean by 
this that previously I have often put the tool in the 
■wrong place. 

I notice that our Tennessee friend has trouble with the 
disc plow, but it is just because he has the wrong plow. 

The Chattanooga reversible disc will do any work that 
could be required of any plow; on level land it does better 



work than on the hillside, because it doesn't turn so flat. 

I am a small farmer and keep only four horses, yet 
I have three two-horse plows. 

Where there are stumps and rocks, the disc will not 
work, but where the reversible disc will not work the 
Oliver will, and do it right. 

I plow twelve inches deep with either, and do it with 
two horses. I certainly make better work where I use 
the disc, and it is the only plow that will turn under 
pea vines out of sight without a chain. 

There is another feature about the Chattanooga that in- 
terests the farmers, or at least it should, for with it any 
one can plow land too hard for any other plow, and it 
pulverizes the land as one would want it. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va. CONSlANT READER. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

Editor ^Southern Planter: 

The Executive Committee of this Society meets to-mor- 
row (June 22d), when the subject of exhibits of fruit 
to be made by the Society this fall will be discussed. 
I hope to be able to give you full particulars of these ar- 
rangements for publication in your August number. In 
many parts of the State our fruit crop is quite short, 
especially peaches. I see the Government crop report 
for June estimates the apple crop of Virginia at 47 per 
cent, as against 68 per cent, at this time last year, and 
peaches at 25 per cent, as against 60 per cent, last year. 
I fear that recent hail storms in several parts of the com- 
mercial fruit sections this month will reduce the above 
quoted percentage in next month's report. A most valu 
able little book, written by Professor H. L. Price, of 
Blacksburg, our State Horticulturist, entitled "Fighting the 
Insect Pests and Diseases of Orchard, Field and Garden 
Crops," has been issued by the Virginia Agricultural Ex 
periment Station and can be obtained by any one inter- 
ested in such matters on application to that institution. 
This book is one of the most valuable aids to the farmer 
that has yet been issued. I hope to have more matter 
if interest to send you for your August issue. 

WALTER WHATELY, Secy. & Treas. 




Case Road Roller Climbin g Ninth Street Hill En Route 
to a Public Demonstration on the Boulevard, Richmond 
Va. Hoenniger & Sizemore, Ag'ents. 



684 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



The Poultry Yard. 



POULTRY NOTES. 

Four weeks of rain with very little sunshine has been 
the leading topic of conversation. Planting has been de- 
layed; cultivation retarded, and haying operations hind- 
ered and much hay ruined. Young chicks have died by 
thousands. Frequent heavy rains have soaked the earth 
and caused the runs, coops, houses and brooders to be 
damp and wet. Chicks have been wet, gotten chilled, 
bowel trouble set in and thousands have perished. What 
is the remedy? One can manage a few chicks very well. 
but when it comes to hundreds or thousands it cannot 
be done without plenty of good, dry house room. I have 
depended on small coops and brooders this season and 
have lost many chicks. I knew better, but, like many 
others, trusted to "luck." This will not do. Located in 
a growing suburb of the city of Richmond, I deem it 
unwise to erect permanent poultry buildings. Brooders 
are all right in fair weather, but with weeks of rain it 
is impossible to keep the chicks dry and warm without 
suitable house room. Much is said and written about 
colony houses and the colony house plan, but for chicks 
up to three weeks old I know that the only way that I 
can raise them with the minimum of loss is to have them 
in a good brooder house that can be kept warm and dry 
by artificial heat. After they are four to six weeks old 
the colony plan is advisable in many instances. Aside 
from the extra cost for labor and material and the incon- 
venience of feeding and care of a large flock kept on the 
colony plan, I believe it to be preferable to large houses 
and flocks. Before another hatching season I will pro 
vide a roomy incubator cellar and a large pipe heated 
brooder house. I am firmly convinced that it is just as 
necessary to have such a house here in this mild but 
damp climate as in the colder North and West. My in- 
tention is to build a house one hundred feet long by 
ten feet wide and six feet high in the clear at the lower 
part. This will be divided the long way by a concrete 
wall eighteen inches high, three feet from the rear or 
north wall and the space between this wall and the front 
wall of equal height filled up with sand and gravel. A coil 
of four pipes the entire length of the house will be laid 
along this inside wall three to four inches from the 
gravel and sand floor with asbestos covered front and top 
and the south side left open for the chicks to run under at 
will. This cover will be about twenty inches wide, the full 
length of the pipes. This will give a space seven feet 
wide by the length of the house for brooder room and runs 
and will be divided by movable wire partitions into runs 
two feet wide. Outside of this house on the south side 
runs will be constructed two feet wide and ten or twelve 
feet long connected by small doors with the inside runs. 
This outside run will be made by using movable panels 
so it can be cultivated and seeded to clover, oats, rye or 
any quick growing crop to furnish green feed for the little 
chicks. By building such a house and boarding it tight 
with plaster board under the weather boarding and a good 
muslin front three feet wide the full length of the house, 
it can be kept warm and dry at very small expense. I 



intend to use a large jacket heater that will burn either 
hard or soft coal with expansion tank heat regulator. I 
estimate the cost of such a brooder house and equipment 
at $1.50 per lineal foot for material. All the work can be 
done during the leisure months of fall and early winter. 
This house with outside runs for fair days will accom- 
modate 25 chicks per lineal foot or 2,500 in the 100 feet. 
I know from experience that this long, open, ground floor, 
water-heated brooding system will raise every chick that 
is hatched right. There are no lamp fumes, no lack ot 
ventilation and no danger of over-heating. During cold 
rainy weather the smaller chicks can be kept in the en- 
closed runs and a moderate fire will keep the entire house 
comfortable and dry. 

There has been considerable discussion pro and con 
during the past few months in the agricultural and poul- 
try press relative to the comparative vigor and hence 
usefulness of incubator hatched and brooder raised vs. hen 
hatched and raised chicks. This question like very many 
others will never be settled for all the people. It depends 
on the man or woman operating the plant. I can hatch 
and raise more good chicks from 1,000 good eggs by arti- 
flcial methods than I can with hens. Many men and women 
can do better with hens. As to the vigor of the stock I 
can only say that I have been raising Leghorns artiflcialiy 
many years and they are larger, stronger, and better layers 
now than they were twenty-five years ago, before artificial 
methods were in use. Men and methods differ. Some men 
succeed where others fail. Some very brainy men will 
take a model farm and run it at a loss of $12,000 per 
year, while other men not so brainy but watchful of every 
detail would manage such a farm to show a very substan- 
tial profit. Some men will learn from practical experience 
or practical men. Others have such abnormal cranial de- 
velopment that it is impossible for them to believe that 
practical knowledge gained by long years of experience 
has any value. An educated brain without a trained hand 
has made a fool of many a young man. 

Chicks can be hatched in incubators so they are ut- 
terly worthless. If the temperature is kept too high or 
too low during the hatch or if the ventilation is bad the 
chicks will be small and weak and will be diseased before 
they come out of the shells. If the chicks are hatched 
right, brooded right and fed right they will be as large and 
vigorous as chicks can be. Some of the best laying strains 
of Leghorns and hence the most vigorous have been hatch- 
ed and raised by artificial methods for many generations. 
Wrong feeding, close confinement and improper mating 
have done vastly more to injure the vigor and vitality ot 
our poultry than the method of hatching or brooding. 

Much is said and written about and against in and in- 
breeding. I believe that judicious inbreeding can be fol- 
lowed with decided advantage. One must be sure that 
the foundation stock is healthy and vigorous, then select 
the strongest and most desirable individuals and do not 
use them in the breeding pens until fully mature. Never 
breed young, immature birds under any consideration. Do 
not allow the male to run with the flock all the time. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLAKTER. 



685 



Some people argue that fowls and birds In the forests and 
wilds of nature are in flocks and pairs during the entire 
time and year, hence they argue that it is natural or na- 
ture's way. This is right in the theory, but all wild 
fowls and birds have their pro-creative period and do not 
mate at any other season. With our domestic fowls we 
change this period by selection, feed and environment co 
continue during ten months of the year. If breeders gen 
erally would separate the sexes at the close of the hatch- 
ing season, say June 1st, and keep them apart until Janu 
ary or February and feed the males extra during the breed- 
ing season great improvement would follow both in the 
percentage of fertility and vigor of offspring. Some years 
ago I experimented with a small pen of white-faced Black 
Spanish hens. I put six hens, two years old into a yard 
on the first day of December. They had a good coop six 
by eight feet square. They were fed whoie grain mixture 
consisting of wheat, corn, oats and buckwheat. They laid 
well all winter. March first I mated them with a strong 
yearling (coming two in June) cock bird. I arranged a 
large roomy coop in the small house ana kept the male 
confined in this coop three days out of every four. He was 
fed wheat, soaked oats, dry bran, some corn and every 
fourth day a small handful of green cut bone. March 10th 
I began to set eggs from this pen under Light Brahma 
hens. I set 250 of these eggs under sixteen hens. One of 
the hens with 17 eggs died on the nest and 7 eggs were 
broken in other nests leaving 224 eggs. Of this number 
only three proved to be infertile and only two of the fer 
tile eggs failed to hatch. Two hundred and nineteen chicks 
hatched and lived to broiler size and many of the pullets 
were laying at five months old. Next year I intend to repeat 
this experiment with a pen of ten White Leghorns. I will 
use a two-year-old cock and yearling hens and allow the 
male with them one day in four. These eggs will be 
hatched in small incubators, holding 100 eggs with two- 
inch warm air tube open all the time aua a copper tank 
holding sixteen quarts of water to warm the egg chamber. 
I believe that I can inbreed Leghorns in this way, hatch 
them in incubators and raise them in the open house 
brooder and improve them in size, vigor and egg-yield for 
generations to come. If I live long enough I will know. 

HUSSELMAN. 



INCUBATOR EXPERIENCE. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

I have read with interest the letters in the Journal con- 
cerning incubators and brooders; arid deeply regret thar 
the men who have had such hard luck (as one chick from 
130 fertile eggs) insist on publishing it. I believe that 
such letters keep a good many prospective poultry men 
out of the business, who would make a success were they 
to enter it. 

Experience has proven that when chickens are raised on 
a medium or large scale, that it is far cheaper to rear 
them artificially than to do so by Mother Nature's way. 
My experience with incubators and brooders has been very 
limited — as I never saw the inside of one until about two 
months ago, but then bought a second-hand machine that 
was said to be in "fair condition," From the first setting 
of 150 eggs I got 92 chicks. My eggs were not of the 
best fertility as there were only 114 of them fertile; nev- 
ertheless that is an 89 per cent, hatch. 



On account of other business I did not start another 
hatch for nearly a week; on testing this lot there were 
119 fertile ones; from which I hatched 102 chicks; all 
strong and healthy. This second lot is to-day two weeks 
old; and I have lost but five of them (one mashed by 
stepping on) and I do not believe that the loss would have 
been this heavy, but for the cold, wet, penetrating weather 
for the first three days in the brooder. 

I gave the incubator a good deal of attention with the 
first hatch; but with the second, and also with the one that 
is now on, I only took about ten minutes each morning to 
fill and thoroughly clean the lamp and turn the eggs. Of 
course I followed directions as nearly as I could in the 
length of time in cooling the eggs; I have just tested this 
last lot, and find 122 eggs to be fertile. I am not counting 
chickens before they hatch, but ought to do better this 
time than before; which is a little better than the hens 
have been doing for me. 

I have not been "monkeying with them" very long, but 
think I can do better when I have; and know that the 
chicks are easier to care for in a brooder and run than 
when with hens. 

Hanover Co. V. NELSON VAUGHAN. 



INCUBATOR VS. HENS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Seeing so much talk about hatching chicks with hens 
has tempted me to write you my experience. I have been 
hatching chicks by both methods for years, and find the 
natural method by far the best. This year I used hens en- 
tirely, they hatched practically every fertile egg and I 
raised nearly ninety-five per cent, of the chicks, and they 
are exceptionally vigorous. Have had no trouble with white 
diarrhoea as all who use brooders have. 

I do not find the sitting hen much trouble. I put twelve 
or fifteen in the loft, and keep plenty of water and food 
before them all the time, also a dust bath. They requirvi 
about one minute's attention a day. If we will give the 
hen with chicks a good house with a dry floor and plenty 
of light we will find her very little trouble. It is a big 
satisfaction to raise nearly all chicks hatched and to have 
them grow off rapidly and make profitable layers. When 
I used incubators and brooders I always had trouble with 
smoky lamps and bowel trouble and colds. I have had 
none of this trouble this year. 

I have no trouble getting early sitters. My Rhode Island 
Reds are fine winter layers and early sitters, and they 
make the best of mothers and often start laying when the 
chicks are only four or five weeks old. I believe that the 
natural means of incubation and brooding will produce 
better colored chicks than the artificial means, I mean 
among Rhode Island Reds or any buff breed. 

I believe the natural method to be practical on a large 
scale, and see no reason why a given flock cannot be re- 
produced during the months of March and April, provided 
you have winter layers which make early sitters. This 
spring from a fiock of 150 hatched 250 chicks between 
February 15th and April 15th. These early chicks are 
healthy and mature without any setbacks. Some were 
hatched before the big snow storm, anu water froze in 
their houses every night, but it had no bad effect on them 
at all, in fact they were the best I hatched. 

Henrico Co. W. D. SYDNOR. 



G86 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



The Horse. 



NOTES. (By W. J. Carter.) 
"Broad Rock." 
In the matter of ability to win races season after sea 
son and train on to an age that of itself usually brings 
about retirement, some of our Virginia horses present 
quite a strong contrast to those bred in many other States, 
of which conspicuous examples are furnished in the 
steeplechasers, Gould, Grandpa, Charawind, Jimmy Lane, 
and others. Gould was bred in the Ellerslie stud, as was 
Charawind, a big and beautiful gelding by Charaxus, from 
Helmwind, by Eolus, who raced and won over the Jumps 
until eleven years old. Gould began racing on the flat 
under the name of Henry Joy, but later the son of Eolus 
and Lady Grace was re-christened and won many races, 
his career being cut short at thirteen years by death, due 
to accidental causes brought about by falling at a jump. 
Grandpa, the ten-year-old gelding by Grandmaster, out of 
Phillipa, by Baden Baden, is winning this season, as is 
Jimmy Lane, the unsexed son of His Grace and Anna Page. 
Jimmy Lane is nine years old, and was broken to harness 
before being raced; in fact, I am informed by Duff Green, 
his breeder, that the big chestnut gelding was driven on 
different occasions in the lead of a four-in-hand to sleigh. 
His Grace, the sire of Jimmy Lane, was sired by Eolus, 
out of Lady Grace, the dam of Gould. Lady Grace was by 
Romney, son of Curies, by Revenue, dam Grace Darling, 
Diablo's dam, by Jonesboro, from Ninette, the sister to 
Planet, and she out of the famous Nina, by Boston. 



The recent death of the famous mare, Sunol, 2:08 1-4, 
daughter of Electioneer and Waxana, by General Benton, 
former world's champion trotter, and still holder of thd 
record to high-wheel sulky, recalls the fact that of her 
two surviving foals, one of them the bay horse, Bon Ax- 
worthy, five years old, is owned in Virginia, and kept at 
Plain Dealing Farm, near Scottsville, in Albemarle county, 
where he has developed into a large, handsome horse with 
good manners and a way of going that indicates some 
speed at the trot. Bon Axworthy is a son of Axworthy, 
2:15 1-2, sire of speed and race horse quality, and was 
bred by John H. Shultz, from whom the horse passed a.s 
a two-year-old to the late William N. Wilmer, of New 
York, who sent the colt to Plain Dealing, his country 
home in Virginia. At Mr. Wilmer's death, a couple of 
years since, Bon Axworthy became the property of the 
latter's brother, Joseph Wilmer, whose idea has been to 
keep Bon Axworthy sound and vigorous with road work 
until fully developed, and then to have him handled for 
speed later on. When Bon Axworthy was offered for sale 
by Mr. Shultz at Madison Square Garden, New York, the 
catalogue stated that with less than five weeks' training 
the colt had worked a half in 1:15 with the last quarter 
in 35 seconds — a 2:20 gait — in his two-year-old form, and 
this was was done in such a way as to convince those 
who saw him that he possessed the elements of a fast trotter 
The oldest foals of Bon Axworthy, and they are very 
few, are now yearlings, which include a bay filly, out of 
Flora Jefferson, by Elk Nutwood, second dam of Flora Dia- 
mond, full sister to Red Wing, the dam of Faultless, 
2:191-4, and Jerome Taylor, 2:21 1-4, by Bay Diamond, 



son of Mambrino Patchen, 58. This filly is a solid bay 
in color and good looking, while she seems to take to 
the trot with evident relish. She was bred by the late 
Mr. Wilmer, but foaled the property of L. C. Watts, of 
Charlottesville, who obtained the dam while with foal. 
Mr. Watts, who is the Sheriff of Albemarle county, owns 
several choice brood mares, among them Flora Jefferson, 
and the daughter of Elk Nutwood has been mated with 
General Watts, 2:06 3-4, son of Axworthy, and world's 
champion three-year-old trotter. Sheriff Watts and Gen- 
eral C. C. Watts, the owner of General Watts, 3, 2:0634. 
at Charleston, West Virginia, are brothers and natives of 
Albemarle county, Virginia. 



J. M. B. Lewis, President of the Interstate Fair Asso- 
ciation, at Lynchburg, Virginia, is a breeder of thorough- 
breds and hunters, and at Sweet . Briar Farm his stable 
includes some very highly bred horses. Quorum, the son 
of Dr. MacBride and Quesal, by Alarm, is probably the 
best known member of the stud. He is a big, bay horse. 
and with size he combines a lot of finish and quality. He 
was awarded first prize in the class for best thorough- 
bred stallion one day at the Lynchburg Fair last fall, 
and on the following one went out and won at six fur- 
lougs in a canter, in 1:17, the track record. He also 
started in a couple of stake events at Roanoke, winning 
one and finishing second in the other. While being raced 
on the Jockey Club, the son of Dr. MacBride won a num- 
ber of stakes. Mr. Lewis is an active member of the Oak 
Ridge Hunt Club, and Quorum was ridden to hounds all 
during the past season. The bay stallion is in fine shape 
now, and will be placed in training for the races this 
fall and be then used as a hunter during i,ne season. 'Some 
fine thoroughbred matrons have been mated with him 
this season, while a number of good general-purpose mares 
also visited his court. 

In the city stable at Mr. Lewis' is a very handsome 
chestnut gelding, 4 yrs. by Blue and Gray, dam lUcora, by 
Audrain. This gelding captured seven blue ribbons at 
the fairs and horse shows last fall, and was ridden lo 
hounds later. Ida B. 6, thoroughbred daughter of Inver- 
ness and On the Way, by Panique, was also used as a 
hunter and later driven on the road. Nearly all of the 
thoroughbreds owned by Mr. Lewis are broken to harness, 
as they not only seem to do hetter, but are far more use- 
ful than otherwise; in fact, most of the farm work at 
Sweet Briar is done by the brood mares there and excel- 
lent results are obtained by the constant use of them. 



May Athol, the bay mare, by Glen Athol, 2 : 24 1-2, son 
of Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19 1-4, is being driven on the road 
by her owner, R. L. Barnes, of this city, alternately 
to single harness and to pole with her two-year-old son, 
a bay gelding, by Alfred Nelson, son of Alfred G., 2:19 3-4, 
sire of the lion-hearted race horse, Charley Herr, 2:07. 
May Athol has a trotting record of 2:30 and trials under 
2:20, while few handsomer or more stylish mares have 
been seen in Virginia than this elegant daughter of Glen 
Athol, who won many prizes at the big fairs of the 
Middle West and Virginia Horse Shows. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERl^ PLANTER. 



687 



THE SUFFOLK PUNCH IN VIRGINIA. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

As a result of the controversy between the Editor and 
breeders of Percheron and other types, and especially 
of the letters of Professor Quick, of the Virginia Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station, that have appeared in the 
Southern Planter, regarding the Suffolk horse, the first 
pure-bred Suffolk stallion was foaled on the Piedmont Farm, 
Marshall, Virginia, the properly of F. W. Okie, on June 
16th. This colt is a great-grandson of Wedgewood on his 
sire's side, and also a great-grandson of Cupbearer, the 
3d. Wedgewood was the winner of seven champion- 
ships in England. Cupbearer, 3d, is known as the great- 
est Suffolk sire that ever lived. F. W. OKIE. 

We congratulate Mr. Okie on this arrival and hope thai, 
he will live to be the progenitor of hundreds of these 
fine farm horses in this State. We are in correspondence 
with a gentleman in England, who is in close touch with 
the leading breeders of Suffolk Punches in that country, 
and hope, as the result, to be shortly m a position to 
state what can be done in the way of importing one or 
more stallions and a few mares, and will then see if, by 
the co-operation of a few farmers, we cannot arrange 
this. — Ed. 

Since writing the foregoing note, we have, through the 
courtesy of Dr. W. J. Quick, received the following in- 
formation. Mr. Okie purchased from Rector K. Fox. 
MtKisco, New York, the following Suffolk horses. 

One stallion named Jubilee, height 16 hands, weight 
1,700 pounds; foaled May, 1903. He is by Vespasian, dam 
Maud. Vespasian is by Wedgewood, the winner of fifteen 
blues and seven championships at the Royal shows, etc., 




Suffolk Punch Stallion, Rendlesham Major Gray, Cham- 
pion at the Royal (England), 1908. 



and was the greatest Suffolk horse that ever lived. Mr. 
Okie says Jubilee is everything a horse should be and 
can go along ten miles an hour and they work him every 
day beside mares, plowing and doing general farm work, 
and he serves mares quickly. He was bred by Peter Hop- 
ley, of Atlantic, Iowa. 

Mare, Trinket, 16 hands high, foaled, 1899; weight 1,650; 
by Blazer; dam. Mirth; Blazer by Cupbearer III, next to 



Wedgewood, the greatest Suffolk in England. She is 
about to foal to Jubilee. 

Mare, Rose, 16 1-2 hands, foaled 1900, weight 1,645; by 
Bell Boy, dam Smart. Bell Boy by Prince of May, n 
blue ribbon winner in England. She is in foal to Jubilee. 

Filly, Rose's Princess of May, foaled 1908, by Jubilee; 
dam. Rose. 

Trinket's Merrylegs, foaled 1907, by Jubilee; dam. Trink- 
et. This filly is 16 hands, weight about 1,250 pounds, and 
is doing regular farm work. 

Mr. Okie, in his letter to Dr. Quick, says: 

Suffolks are, without doubt, the farmer's horse. My 




First Prize Suffolk Punch Mare at the Royal (England), 
1908. 



stallion would surprise you if you could see him trot 
or pull a load. The only work I cannot put him to is in 
a double shovel plow, as I have not a man on the place 
that can keep up with him from sun up to sun down. 
He will work any man to death without apparent harm 
to himself. The older horses were all bred by Peter Hop- 
ley and the fillies by R. K. Fox. Next year I will have 
to sell my stallion as he is the father of my fillies and I 
will want to breed them to something else. 

The foregoing bears out fully all that we said about 
Suffolks when we first urged their adaptability for farm 
work in this State, and also what Dr. Quick has said 
about them in our columns. We illustrate this article with 
pictures of two horses of this breed. — Ed. 



COST OF A HORSE. 

What does it cost to raise a colt to the age of four 
years? Wallace's Farmer gives the following: 

The first and second years it is no more expensive to 
grow a colt than a steer. A colt may require a little 
more pasture and will require rather better fencing, but 
will stand hardship better than the yearling steer, al- 
though, to get the best results, both of them must have 
some grain in connection with forage. Give the colt a 
winter pasture of blue grass or second crop clover, plenty 
of exercise, and shelter in time of storms, and he will do 
better and can be carried through at less expense than 
the steer. 

At two years old, if not before, the steer must be put 
on feed, and it will cost at least fifty bushels of cora 



688 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



with other feed to fit him for the market. The filly at 
two years old may be bred if she has been well fed and 
nourished; if not, then at three years old. She should 
be able to pay her way in the way of light work; and 
w'here the farmer has a surplus, should be sold to some 
man who can work her or the gelding for two years, 
making them pay expenses, and sell them on the market 
at a higher price than they cost in the three-year-old 
form. 

We think, therefore, that there is good profit to any 
farmer in raising colts for the market, provided he limits 
his operations to the number of mares kept on the farm. 
In fact, he should keep three brood mares where he 
really needs but one. He can afford to do this if he will 
mate them every year with the right sire. 

The greatest profit to the ordinary farmer lies in grow- 
ing draft colts, and the heavier the better, provided they 
are sound. The 1,600 pound mare mated to an 1,800 or 
2,000 pound stallion will produce a type of colts which, 
if properly nourished and cared for, will bring, if not the 
highest price in the market, yet a price that will abund- 
antly pay the farmer for his feed and care. The great- 
est care, however, should be exercised in securing sound- 
ness. No mare should be used for breeding purposes that 
has any defects capable of transmission by heredity; for 
instance, moonblindness or defects of the bony system. 
Spavin may not be transmitted, and perhaps is not, but 
the weakness that develops spavin undoubtedly is in- 
herited 



THE STOCK COMPANY STALLION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I don't know what cheerful philosopher originated the 
saying "There's a sucker born every minute, and they 
never die," but whoever he was, he had some brains in 
his head, and was an observer of human nature. 

Of all the "get rich quick" schemes and "good luck" 
Investments I think the one clothed in the guise of a 
"stock company stallion" is the most insidious, and the 
most likely to impose upon the otherwise shrewd investor; 
coming as it does backed by precedent of other sales, the 
so-called advantage of paying to yourself the money spent 
for service fees, the patriotic appeal of improving the 
horse stock of your neighborhood, the assurance of be- 
ing one among many other intelligent gentlemen to make 
the same investment, all coupled with the fact that you 
are not expected to produce high-class race horses, but 
only general-purpose animals such as it is no trouble to 
produce, makes it a hard proposition for the liberal-minded 
man of superfluous means to turn down. Yet, how few, 
how lamentably few, companies formed by the oily- 
tongued promoters ever succeed in coming out financially. 

The trouble is twofold; in the first place, it is the most 
expensive way in the world to sell a horse, and all the 
expense of the sale by this method, together with the 
bad debts contracted, must, in the end, be paid by the 
investor, and, secondly, the amount of money ultimately 
turned over to the owner varies so and is so very long 
in coming as to make it the last resort for only those 
animals which can be disposed of in no other way. On.3 
rarely hears of a really good trotter, pacer, Jack, draft 
horse, or saddle horse being sold in this way. It is gen- 



erally either a French or German coach horse or a Hack- 
ney which is used to entice the unwary. 

Again, the reason is twofold. First, these are the most 
unsalable horses, and, second, they are the breeds of 
which we Americans know least of, and can in conse- 
quence form but a hazy idea of their actual value. Now, 
I have no intention to underrate the value of these breeds, 
especially the latter. They have a legitimate place in the 
production of the carriage horse, but what I do say is 
that if you really want to go into the breeding of car- 
riage horses that are high actors, you must needs expend 
on every animal you turn out at a fancy price just about 
the same amount of feed and breaking and bitting and 
training as would suffice to turn out a 2:30 trotter or 2:25 
pacer, and you must have just as smart a specialist when 
you come to complete his education. 

The production of any special purpose horse requires 
some skill, the trotter, pacer, high actor, saddle horse and 
hunter, all call for intelligent handling if you expect to 
get big prices (the breeding of thoroughbred race horses 
is in a class by itself). It is only in the breaking of 
draft animals that a light hand and good brain are noc 
absolutely indispensable, and even theu they count to 
some extent. Now, the promoter will harp upon the sure 
and regular profit of breeding general-purpose animals, 
but my experience has been that all general-purpose 
horses are, as a rule, sold for so near their actual cost 
of production as to leave practically no margin of profit 
beyond the cost of the food consumed. And the reason 
is obvious, for every misfit of the trotter, pacer, high 
actor, hunter, saddle horse, draft horse, and even thor- 
oughbred goes to swell the ranks of the general- purpose 
army, and so long as the breeder of these high-class 
horses can get cost for his culls he can make a living 
out of the ones that bring the big prices. Therefore, he 
who seeks to produce the general-purpose animal is for- 
ever fore-doomed to wander down the "cool sequestured 
vale of life" pursuing the even tenor of a very unprofit- 
able way, and a general-purpose animal is all any man 
can expect from the average farm mare, when crossed 
with a coach or hackney stallion. I have seen a great 
many animals so bred, and the ones which inherit enough 
from the sire and little enough from the dam to make 
high class carriage horses are as rare as the trotters in 
the 2:10 list from the same kind of mares. 

If, then, any breeder desires to breed coach horses 
with uniformity, he must be sure of kindred blood in the 
dam, and will almost without exception get better horses 
at lower prices by going himself to the breeder or import- 
er than by buying or helping to buy any particular horse 
that chances and the overloaded owner may send to his 
particular neighborhood. 

But, to a practical horseman, the tales these promoters 
tell are very amusing, and the ingenuity they display in 
finding reasons for you to buy are very diverting. For 
instance, the German Coach horseman will tell you how 
General Miles and ex-President Theo. Roosevelt approve 
of the breed because the former rode one twelve miles 
up hill at a gallop with all his military accoutrements 
attached to himself and the saddle, and at the end of the 
ride the horse was not even out of breath or in the least 
fatigued. Just imagine the absurdity! There is not even 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



689 



a thoroughbred running horse living who would gallop 
twelve Tniles up a two per cent, grade with a one hundred 
pound boy on him who would not show it at the end of 
the journey; and the horse that could carry any one at 
all for twelve miles at a stretching gallop up any grade 
worthy the name of a hill has never been foaled. 

The Hackney promoter builds all his big yarns on the 
fact that Bellfounder, the sire of the dam of Hambletonian 
X, was a hackney horse, overlooking the very obvious 
fact that Bellfounder was imported to this country in 
1822, long before Mr. Euren, the compiler of the Hack- 
ney stud books, was born. Of course, we all know both 
Messenger and Bellfounder carry a cross of Blaze, an 
English running horse that was foaled in 1733, but when 
we remember that Mambrino, the sire of Hambletonian 
carried only thirteen-sixteenths of Blaze blood, while 
Bellfounder possessed an equal amount, we are forced 
to the conclusion that it was very nearly obliterated and 
was probably about as valuable to him as the cross to 
Godophin Arabian is to the average French Coach or 
Percheron horse which certainly possesses few of the 
characteristics of the thoroughbred running horse which 
traces to the same ancestor. 

The claim of the French Coach advocate is even more 
far-fetched, although it, like the foregoing, depends for its 
value on a comparison with the well recognized utility 
of our American trotters. He tells you that the French 
Coach horses are more prepotent in controlling trot- 
ting action than these American congeners, and cites the 
case of the leading French Coach sire, who has, if 1 
remember correctly, about 300 of his get in the speed 
lists of the breed, as compared with our best horses, 
whicli are hovering around the 200 mark; but he fails 
to mention that Gambetta Wilkes and Nutwood, etc., re- 
quired of their get a record of 2:30 for trotters, and 
2:25 for pacers for a full mile; while the French Coach 
breeder only asks his colts to go a shorter distance at 
the rate of a mile in 3:15, a feat which would probab- 
ly be equalled by every colt ever sired by one of any 
of the twoscore of our leading American sires from mares 
of equally good breeding, were any effort made to bring 
about such an insignificant result. 

But while all this is amusing, the talker, it causes 
little mirth in the soul of the victim who finds he has 
purchased for $3,000 a horse which he cannot sell for $300, 
and it is out of sympathy for this class that I write these 
lines. You have, I fear, been bamboozled, friends, but 
let us hope that you have at least gotten a good, sound, 
young horse for your money, and when you put the ex- 
perience in the scale, perhaps you are the gainer for, sure- 
ly, you will be skeptical when the next "something" is 
offered you for your hard earned dollars. 

Mathews Co., Va. PERCIVAL HICKS. 



EXPERIENCE WITH S. C. WHITE lEGHONS. 

Editor Southern Planter; 

I have been a constant reader of The Planter for a num- 
ber of years and have been a close observer of the poul- 
try notes especially, as I am much interested in the poul- 
t'-y business and have a nice flock of S. C. White Leghorns 
that are hard to beat and I feel like I am doing them an 
Injustice not to speak of them while others are talking 



of their flocks. My first hatch was taken off January the 
31st of this year. I took from the incubator 162. Of this 
number I sold 71 broilers at nine weeks old that netted 
me $27.52 and I have one cockerel and seventy-five pullets 
now from this hatch. The first of these pullets began lay- 
ing June the 5th, just four months and five days old and 
from the appearance of the rest of them they will all be 
laying by July 1st. I also have 174 yearling hens that are 
doing excellent work now in laying and in addition have 
about 500 more pullets and cockerels. 

Campbell Co., Va. J. L. CAMPBELL. 



THE TURKEY BUZZARD. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I am exceedingly pleased to see the decided stand you 
are taking against the further protection of the turkey 
buzzard, and while this will undoubtedly meet with much 
opposition for a time until all the facts are laid bare, 
you may rest assured of the hearty support of serious 
thinking people who have given the matter attention, by 
having been brought face to face with facts. 

As a scavenger, the buzzard undoubtedly has had his 
place, but unquestionably he is to-day one of the great- 
est spreaders of infectious diseases among domestic ani- 
mals, and any possible service the buzzard can render as 
a scavenger is far outweighted by the seriousness of 
outbreaks of deadly diseases, which he undoubtedly 
spreads from place to place. Such resistent organisms 
as those producing anthrax, blackleg, hog cholera and tu- 
berculosis, besides a host of others, may be conveyed 
for long distances and deposited on heretofore non-infected 
ground hence, the mysterious outbreaks to which we 
are too frequently subjected. 

The writer can recall the outbreak of blackleg on a 
farm where the disease had not before been known to 
exist. Upon investigation it was found that during the 
previous fall and winter numerous buzzards had been in 
the habit of frequently the small range occupied by the 
calves, while at five miles distance numerous cattle had 
died from the disease and were left to be devoured by 
buzzards. 

On a farm in Eastern "Virginia hog cholera made a 
sudden appearance, yet no cholera had existed to the own- 
er's knowledge within several miles. No fresh pigs had 
been brought in nor were there known any other means 
by wlrich the disease could possibly have been imported 
except by buzzards. These are costly experiences 

Mr. Editor advocate the proper disposal and destruc- 
tion of all dead animals, also the early destruction of one 
of the greatest enemies the stock raiser has to contend 
with to-day In the South — the turkey buzzard. 

JOHN SPENCER, Veterinarian. 

Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va. 



FINE RHUBARB. 
Mr. Mark J. Thompson, of Rio Vista, has sent us some 
fine specimens of rhubarb grown on his truck farm near 
this city. It is the finest rhubarb we have seen since we 
came here and the equal of much of that grown in Eng- 
land, where it especially flourishes. In the lot sent the 
stalks averaged from fifteen to eighteen inches long and 
four inches in circumference. 



690 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



Miscellaneous. 



[July, 



THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

It may seem impertinent for one who has no vote in 
Virginia to have anything to say about Virginia offices. 
But while I am an expatriated Virginian, I feel a great 
interest in the prosperity of the Old Dominion, and have 
long noted with regret that her Department of Agricul- 
ture has not kept pace with similar organizations in other 
Southern States. 

There has been little co-operation with other organiza- 
tions for the uplifting of the farming interests of the 
State, while in North Carolina the Board of Agriculture 
has unceasingly co-operated with the Agricultural and 
Mechanical College; in fact, built the great agricultural 
building at the College, and the horticultural hall and 
greenhouses with its own funds, and has conducted Farm- 
ers' institutes in a systematic way in co-operation with 
the College, until there is no State in the country which 
has a better system of institutes. 

What has Virginia done?. The annual Institute has 
been organized and developed with no co-operation of the 
Department of Agriculture, and farmers' institutes have 
been of a desultory character, without local organiza- 
tion or system that would make them effective. 

Whose fault this is, is no part of my purpose to say. 
But I think it is evident that there is need of a change 
that will bring the work of the office of Commissioner 
of Agriculture into close association and sympathy with 
all the organizations in the State for the benefit of the 
farmer, and the man who can do this is the man I hope 
the people will choose for the position. Therefore, I was 
glad to note the editorial in the June issue in regard to 
the candidacy of Mr. J. Thompson Brown. Mr. Brown 
has shown himself a broad man in all the positions he 
has filled in the agricultural organizations of the State. 
If what Mr .Beverley says is true, and I have no doubt 
that it is, there is certainly need for a change in the 
office of Commissioner of Agriculture. A year or two 
ago there was a fine opportunity to organize a com 
pact system of Farmers Institutes, which, for some rea- 
son or other failed, and Virginia is falling behind all her 
sister States in the South in this respect, and if Mr. 
Brown can infuse life into the Department, and I believe 
he will, it is to be hoped that his candidacy will be suc- 
cessful. I leave it to those who know and are on the 
spot to discuss the shortcomings of the present Commis- 
sioner, but what I do know and what is generally known 
is that the Virginia Department of Agriculture has been 
a failure, and should be brought up to better things. 

In North Carolina the Board of Agriculture owns farms 
representing all the different soils of the State from the 
mountains to the sea. These five test farms are under 
efficient management, and bulletins as valuable as those 
from any Experiment Station are sent out to the people 
of the State. They control with the strictest inspection 
the sale of fertilizers till the farmers of North Carolina 
are better protected from frauds than almost any other 
State in this country, and now are controlling in the 



same way the sale of illuminating oil. The influence of 
the Board is felt all over the State, while in Virginia 
few farmers know anything about their Department of Ag 
riculture. 

Perhaps it may be said that it is none of my busi- 
ness, but I cannot help feeling an interest in the pros- 
perity of the farmers of the State that gave me birth, and 
a personal interview with Mr. Brown has convinced me 
that he will do all in his power to raise the Department 
to its proper place, and make it co-operate with all or- 
ganizations for the uplifting of the farmer. Hence I bid 
him Godspeed. 

W. F. MASSEY. 

The failure of the plan for organizing Farmers Insti- 
tutes under the charge of a State Director of Institutes, 
to which Professor Massey refers was caused by the action 
of the Commissioner of Agriculture and his Board, who 
declined to co-operate with the Board of the Agricultural 
College in a joint appointment of a Director paid by 
the two Boards in certain proportions and to work on 
behalf of both Boards in advancing the Agricultural in- 
terests of the State through Farmers' Institutes and other 
teaching methods. We strove hard to bring this about, 
but found the well known antagonism of the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture towards the Blacksburg Institution 
too powerful for us, and so the State lost a splendid op- 
portunity of benefitting the farmers in order that the 
Commissioner should be able to magnify the importance 
of his own office at much more cost. — Ed. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE, 

The Directors of the Institute met recently at the office 
of the Secretary in this city and took the preliminary 
steps for the holding of the next meeting. Since that 
time the Secretary has been busily engaged in making 
arrangements with the railroad authorities as to trans- 
portation facilities and with the Charlottesville city 
authorities in perfecting the necessary local arrangements. 
The programme committee has mapped out a tentative 
program and the Secretary is now completing arrange- 
ments with the gentlemen selected to discuss the differ- 
ent subjects in order that the program may be prepared 
and sent out to the members during this month. In ac- 
cordance with the evident desire of a large number of 
the members, it has been decided not to have so large a 
number of speakers on this occasion as at previous 
meetings in order to give time for fuller discussion of 
each subject by the members. There will be on each 
day of the meeting at each session three or four sub- 
jects only dealt with and the speakers selected to handle, 
these are gentlemen who have made the subject their 
specialty, and after they have spoken the matters will 
then be thrown open for discussion by the members gen- 
erally and ample time will be given to thresh out each 
feature. It is hoped in this way to secure continued in- 
terest and a wide expression of opinion, from which un- 
doubtedly many valuable lessons will be learned. Tho 
subjects of farm improvement and management and the 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



691 



growing of special crops, especially alfalfa, will receiv<3 
a large measure of attention and will be handled by ex- 
perts of wide experience. The Horticultural and espe- 
cially the fruit interests of the State will have a large 
place in the program, as Charlottesville, the place of 
meeting, is the centre of the great fruit producing sec- 
tion of the State. Some of the leading specialists of the 
country and leading local producers have been secured 
to deal with this feature. Live stock and dairy interests 
will also have conspicuous consideration, as Piedmont 
and Northern Virginia is especially interested in this 
branch of farming, producing milk, cream and butter for 
city consumption in large quantities, and in connection 
with this subject dairy inspection and the diseases of 
cattle will come up for consideration and should elicit 
considerable discussion, and it is hoped will result in 
some action being taken to place these questions in a 
more satisfactory condition for the farmers. The last 
day of the meeting will be devoted to the inspection of 
some of the fine orchards and farms in the neighborhooa 
of Charlottesville and to a picnic to Monticello, the home; 
of Jefferson, which is a most delightful place. Under thu 
terms of the new charter of incorporation, the governing 
body of the Institute has authority to take up for con 
sideration and action all subjects upon which legislative 
or other action is desirable, and it is hoped that this 
feature of the Institute will be fully availed of and that 
farmers will attend and make their wants known and 
have these put in train for action by the Board. Hither- 
to there has been in the State no organization with 
authority to represent the farmers before the Legislature, 
the Railroad Commission, or other powers competent to 
redress grievances. This is now provided and farmers 
should avail themselves of the help thus offered. Pro- 
grams (ready about 20th July) and other information 
can be had from B. M. Shepherd, Secretary, Box 840, 
Richmond, or at the office of the Institute, 28 N. 9th St., 
Richmond. 



THE ELECTION OF COMMISSIONER OF AGRICUL- 
TURE FOR VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I agree with you, Mr. Editor, in saying that it is un- 
fortunate that the Commissioner of Agriculture should be 
elected by the people, and thereby cause a political squab- 
ble for the office. 

I also appeared before the Committee of Agriculture 
of the Constitutional Convention, of which the Hon. H. 
C. Stuart was Chairman, and advocated the election of 
this office by the State Board of Agricuture, but the 
Convention saw fit to reverse the report of the Committee 
and hence you and I and all others who are interested 
in the Department of Agriculture are necessarily forced 
into the issue which is now before us as to who is tho 
better man of the two now offering themselves for the 
position of Commissioner. 

When Governor Tyler re-organized this Department and 
appointed Mr. Koiner Commissioner, I also became a 
member of the State Board of Agriculture. I served sev- 
eral terms as President of the Board, and thereby was 
thrown in close relations to the Commissioner. I regret 
very much to say that Mr. Koiner did not measure up to 



my ideas of the proper man for the position, and as I 
endorse all that Mr. J. H. C. Beverley said in your last 
issue, I will not go into details of why I came to that 
conclusion. 

For reasons stated by Mr. Beverley and other causes, 
I gradually lost confidence in Mr. Koiner and, after serv 
ing with him for seven or eight years, I am forced to 
the conclusion that a change would be beneficial to tho 
more efficient and more economical administration of tho 
affairs of this Department. 

Now ,1 have known the Hon. J. Thompson Brown all 
his life and, between the two, I unhesitatingly give him 
my support, and ask all who have any confidence in my 
advice to do the same, bearing in mind the exceptional 
advantage I have had for judging the situation. 

Old Church, Va. JULIAN M. RUFFIN. 



CORN SHOWS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I am glad to note that people are demanding corn 
shows that teach something. What Mr. Samuel B. Woods 
says in the June issue is what I have been urging for 
years, and I am glad to note that in various sections 
they are outgrowing the childish shows of pretty ears, 
and are offering premiums for yields and economy of 
cultivation. 

While premiums for the greatest yields per acre are 
an improvement on the senseless practice of giving pre- 
miums for a few ears of corn which come nearest to fill- 
ing the arbitrary standard of the score card, I am not 
sure that extraordinary yields, made at a cost that would 
not be warranted in general practice, do much to advance 
good farming. Devoting labor, manure and time to a sin- 
gle acre until the crop costs a dollar a bushel, may make 
a great yield and gain a premium, but it does not teach as 
much as a smaller crop over a large area, made at a 
cost of ten or fifteen cents per bushel. 

It is not always the greatest yields that are the most 
profitable, and I think that what the corn shows should 
undertake is to promote business methods in corn grow- 
ing as in any other crop on the farm. Uncommonly large 
yields may be less profitable than smaller ones, and what 
we need to know is how to make the margin between the 
cost of cultivation and the market price as wide as pos- 
sible. 

The man who scratches year after year over a piece 
of land so poor that it will not make corn enough to 
feed his mule, needs to learn how he can make his 
work more profitable, rather than to read how Smith 
or Jones has made more corn on an acre than he has 
made on twenty, while spending more money on the acre 
than the corn would bring in the market. Of course, it 
is interesting to know how much corn an acre of land 
can be made to yield, but the corn shows should have 
a higher purpose, and aid in the general advancement 
of business-like farming. I am glad, then, that there is 
evidence in many of the schedules of the corn shows of 
a little sanity, and I would suggest that, in addition to 
prizes for yields per acre, the greatest thing that the 
corn shows could do would be to offer good prizes for 
the crop, over the contestant's whole field, which shows 
the most profitable production, or the greatest yield on 



692 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



a farm that shows the lowest cost of production, sworn 
statements to be made of the methods of cultivation and 
rotation on the farm that enables the farmer to produce 
such results. Such a contest would be worth more to 
farmers than all the pretty-ear shows that ever were held, 
none of which have ever advanced the crop production ar, 
all in my opinion, for our average production of corn is 
lower to-day than it was fifty years ago, according to the 
statistics of the old Patent Office reports and the Year 
Books of the Department of Agriculture to-day. Breeding 
corn foij the sole purpose of making ears of a certain 
stantiard to pass the score card will never increase the 
profitable production of the crop. Breeding to greater 
yield and better and more economical methods of culti- 
vation are what farmers need to learn. 

The idea that the Southern lands are worn out, and 
that the "corn belt" must ever remain in the middle of 
the West is a notion that should be combatted. While 
Mr. McQuarrie, down in West Florida, makes 100 bush- 
els per acre, there should be as good crops grown any- 
where in the South. In fact, the South should be the 
corn belt, because there the crop is never cut by frost, 
as it often is in the western corn belt, and with good 
farming the South should be able not only to furnish 
New England with cotton, but with corn and pork. 

W. F. MASSEY. 



THE NOMINATION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF 
AGRICULTURE OF VIRGINIA. 

Since our last issue went into the hands of our sub- 
scribers announcing the Hon. J. Thompson Brown as a 
candidate for the Commissionership of Agriculture of this 
State in opposition to Mr. Koiner, Mr. Brown has been 
active in visiting different sections of the State and put- 
ting himself in touch with local organizations. We learn 
from him that he has been more than pleased with the 
reception the farmers have given him and he is con- 
vinced that a large body of them are in harmony with 
his views that it is time we had a change in the holder 
of this office. We have been congratulated by a large 
number of our readers that we had the courage to take 
hold of this question and disregard the taunts of the few 
that we were departing from the true field of the work 
of The Planter. Everything that concerns the welfare of 
the agricultural interests of the State we regard as within 
the purview of The Planter, and we shall never be afraid 
to take hold of any subject coming within this definition 
because of fear that to accomplish results means antago- 
nism of the politicians. We have never bowed the knee 
to any political party and never will do. The Planter, 
thank God, is strong enough to do what it believes is 
right without fear of consequences. If the farmers of 
the State are not vitally concerned in the character and 
qualifications of the man who holds the office of Com- 
missioner of Agriculture of the State, we know of nothing 
in which they are interested. They find the money to 
pay his salary and the expenses of the Board of which 
he is the executive officer, and that money is required 
by law to be expended for "their benefit and it is of the 
essence of the effectiveness of the work of the Board that 
the office should be held by one who, like Caesar's wife, 
should be above suspicion of executing that work except 



in the way to be most effective for the advancement of 
the agricultural interests of the whole State. Because we 
have not believed and do not believe that this has been 
done in the past, we have essayed to take a hand in this 
question. 

In our last issue we said little as to Mr. Koiner. Wo 
contented ourselves by saying that "It is notorious that 
up to the present time no such co-ordination or harmoni- 
ous working (of the different agricultural institutions of 
the State) has been possible to be achieved mainly 
through the lukewarm attitude, to say the least, of the 
present Commissioner towards every other instrumentality 
established for dealing with the different phases of the 
agricultural problems of the State." For further justi- 
fication of the position taken, we relied on the excellent 
article of the Hon. J. H. C. Beverley, late and for many 
years a member of the Board which we published in 
the issue. That we did not speak without warrant as to 
the absence of co-operation with other instrumentalities 
has been abundantly confirmed since we v/rote, by the 
the fact that the executive officers of three or four of 
the leading organizations in agricultural advancement in 
the State have called on us and stated positively that 
they could never secure any co-operation from Mr. Koiner. 
This is true as to the Agricultural College, as to the 
farm demonstration work of Mr. Sandy, as to the State 
Fair, and as to the Dairy Commission. What Mr. Beverley 
said has been supported by letters we have received from 
present and late members of the Board, which we publish 
herewith. We might have gone much further and quoted 
the report of the Legislative Committee, which investi- 
gated the Commissioner's office and reported to the last 
legislature, but we preferred that th's should be brought 
out elsewhere and are glad to know that Mr. Brown him- 
self has done this in a speech at Boydton. This part of 
his speech we report fully and if, after reading it, any 
farmer in the State can say that Mr. Koiner is a proper 
person to fill the office of Commissioner of Agriculture 
we shall despair of being able to define who is a proper 
person to fill any fiduciary position in the State gov- 
ernment. Let it be borne in mind that this is not the 
report of any Board having relations with the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture, and therefore liable to be influ- 
enced either favorably or unfavorably towards the holder 
of the office. It is the report of a Legislative Committee 
dealing with all the fiduciary officers of the State, and to 
all of these, except the Commissioner of Agriculture, It 
seems to have given a clean "bill of health." To the Com- 
missioner it gives a condemnation as severe as could 
be imagined, branding him as a wilful disobeyer of the 
law and stating positively that it was unable to verify 
any of his published accounts of the receipts and dis- 
bursements of his office since he came into office, except 
for one year. And yet, for all this, Mr. Koiner has never 
asked redress. "Silence gives consent." Apart from the 
fiduciary part of the report which we leave to speak for 
itself, we would advert to one other fact mentioned 
therein. Mr. Koiner has, during the whole time he has 
held office, been constantly telling the farmers that he 
has g'ven them pure fertilizers and ensured them against 
fraudulent goods. As a matter of fact, Mr. Koiner had 
nothing to do with the preparation of the fertilizer lavr. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



693 



It was prepared by a Committee of the Board 
If effectually executed, it would have given fertilizer in 
which the farmers could have had confidence that they 
were getting what they bought, but, what says the report 
as to this execution of the law? We quote: "It will also 
be observed from the statement of 'fertilizers seized' at- 
tached to this report, that there had been a long line of 
violations by various concerns manufacturing fertilizers. 
Out of a total of thirty-six violations only one case has 
been reported to the courts." Call this effective execu- 
tion of the law and protecting the farmers! Surely, ef- 
frontery could go no further. How much fertilizer has 
been palmed off on the farmers which had no legitimate 
right to have the tags attached no one knows, but when 
it is borne in mind, as stated in the report of the Com- 
mittee, that "There appears to have been very little 
care in the handling of these tags. First in the obtain- 
ing; second, in the care taken of them * * * they are 
ordered from some printing firm in boxes of one hun- 
dred each. These boxes are placed in a storeroom to 
which others than the stamp clerk have access. Num- 
bers of these tags could be removed without his knowl- 
edge and, if sold to the consumer, wou»a thereby entail 
a loss to the Department." This, however, is not all 
that could have resulted from such a handling of them. 
When taken, they could have been attached to ary rub- 
bish called fertilizer, and the farmer buying this would 
believe he was buying inspected goods. The man who 
so carelessly handled ttiese representatives of Inspectd 
goods as to leave it possible for both the Department to 
have been robbed of revenue and the farmer be robbed 
of his money is surely not such an Individual as should 
be given a similar opportunity again. It would seem more 
than probable that the Department has been robbed of 
revenue in this way, for in the State of North Carolina, 
with a fertilizer tax only five cents larger than that in 
this State, the revenue received there is in excess of 
$100,000 per year as against $41,938 in this State. It would 
not seem probable that there could be such a great dif- 
ference in the tonnage of fertilizer sold in the two States 
as to account for this great discrepancy in the respective 
receipts with only a five-cent difference in the rate. We 
append the report of Mr. Brown's speech at Boydton, 
so far as it deals with the report of the Legislative Com- 
mittee and also the letters from present and late mem- 
bers of the Board confirming Mr. Beverley's statements 
In our last issue. All these we commend to the careful 
attention of our readers, and with confidence that the re- 
sult of such reading and a consideration of all that has 
been said in this and the last issue on the question will 
result in the nomination of Mr. Brown to fill the oflBce. 
We have no personal interest in the question. It cannot 
make a cent's difference to us personally which gentle- 
man is elected, but it can and will, in our opinion, make 
a vital difference in the agricultural development of the 
State. With Mr. Brown elected, the Board of Agricul- 
ture and all the other agricultural organizations will work 
in co-ordination and harmony, and this must result in ma- 
terial prosperity in which every farmer will participate. 
Extract from Mr. Brown's speech at Boydton on June 
21: 

I hold in my hand an official document. House Docu- 
ment No. VI., comprising the "Report of the Auditing Com- 



mittee, Appointed Under the Act of March 17„ 1906, to 
examine the Books and Accounts of Officers at the Seat 
of Government." 

This Committee sat during the recess of the Legislature 
making its report, bearing date August 15, 1907, to the 
following Legislature, which met January, 1908. This 
Committee examined into and made report upon the fol- 
lowing offices — Auditor of Public Accounts, Treasurer, 
Second Auditor Secretary of the Commonwealth, Corpora- 
tion Commission, State Farm, Virginia Penitentiary, 
Laurel ReformSchool, and the department of Agriculture. 
With the latter alone we have to deal. It should be 
stated that Mr. Koiner was the Treasurer of the Board of 
Agriculture and the executive officer of the Department 
during the whole period (1899-1906) covered by this re- 
port. 

This report is unanimous and is signed by the joint 
committee of the House and Senate appomted to audit 
these matters, and by the expert accountants, W. McK. 
Evans and George S. Crenshaw, whose reports the Com- 
mittee adopts as its own. 

Under the heading "Department of Agriculture," I read 
from the report, pages 5 and 6: 

"We regret to report that we did not find the affairs 
of this Department in a satisfactory condition. The book- 
keeping was of such a character that it did not properly 
show the transactions of the Department, nor did the 
records show that the proper attention had always been 
paid to the law regulating the conduct of the Department." 

And on page 43 of this report I find this statement 
from the expert accountants: 

"We began to audit with October, 1903, but found it nec- 
essary to go back to January 1, 1899, the beginning of 
the administration of Mr. Koiner as Commissioner of 
Agriculture." 

A further analysis of the Committee's report shows: 

First, that as Treasurer of the Board of Agriculture, the 
Commissioner did not obey the law. 

As evidence, I cite the report, page 6: 

"The Commissioner took the liberty of depositing the 
funds derived from the sale af fertilizer tags in banks 
in his own name as Commissioner until such time as 
pleased him to cover them into the treasury, instead of 
depositing such fund? immediately with the State Treas- 
urer, as directed by law." 

Second, that the Commissioner did not enforce the law, 
but allowed manufacturers of fertilizers violating the law 
to go scot free when it was his duty to report them to 
the Commonwealth's Attorney — thirty-six cases of viola- 
tion detected by his inspectors, one case reported to offi- 
cers of the law. 

In evidence, I cite the same report, page 6: 

"It will also be observed from the statement of 'Fer- 
tilizers Seized,' attached to this report, that there had 
been a long line of violations by various concerns manu- 
facturing fertilizers. Out of a total of thirty-six viola- 
tions, only one case has been reported to the courts." 

This, in spite of the fact that the whole revenue of 
the Department of Agriculture was derived from a ton- 
nage tax of fifteen cents on each ton of fertilizer sold 
in the State and the Commissioner was by statute, 
charged with the administration of the law and respon- 
sible for its rigid enforcement. 

Third, that Mr. Koiner rendered incorrect statements 
to the Auditor, in order that he might retain certain 
collections for use in the Department. 

In evidence, I cite the same report, page 6. 

"Under a former ruling of the Auditor, which we un- 
derstand has since been revised by him under the ad- 
vice of the Attorney General, all unexpended funds to 
the credit of the Department of Agriculture at the end 
of a fiscal year, lapsed into the general treasury, and 
were lost to that department. To avoid the effect of the 
ruling and to maintain the efficiency of the Department 
by carrying to completion the plans of the Board, the 
Commissioner, seemingly without objection from the 
Board, formed the practice of reporting in one year funds 



694 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[July, 



which were, in fact, collected the year preceding, and 
of reporting as disbursed certain sums of money which 
were still in his hands unexpended. The most conspi- 
cuous case of this kind is found in his report for 1903-4, 
when he reported $8,173.42 as having been collected on 
October 2d, 1903, when, in fact, that sum was collected 
between August 15th and September 5th, 1903, and should 
have been covered into the treasury on account of the 
fiscal year ending September 30th, 1903. 

"While these practices may have resulted from an ex- 
cessive zeal for the betterment of the Department on 
the part of the Board and the Commissioner, they are, 
nevertheless, to be most strongly discouraged." 

Whatever excuse may be offered, this is clearly false 
accounting by a State officer, and directly in defiance 
of existing law, as stated by the Committee. 

Fourth: That funds of the Department were expended 
without proper vouchers, and much of it by Mr. Koiner. 

In evidence, I cite the same report, page 6: 

"We have examined this office from the day the pres- 
ent Commissioner was appointed to the present period. 
The disbursements in this office were in many cases ir- 
regular, and, as will be seen by the report of the ex- 
pert accountants, many of the payments were made by 
warrant drawn in the name of 'G. W. Koiner," unac- 
companied by vouchers showing for what purpose the 
money was expended. This practice cannot be too highly 
condemned." 

I cite further from accountant's statement, page 43, 
same report: 

"Sundry vouchers presented to the Committee for their 
information, etc." 

"You will note that we have taken these vouchers from 
the beginning to the end of the term of the present in- 
cumbent to show the methods which have obtained dur- 
ing the entire term. 

Vouchers to G. W. 'koiner. 
Not accompanied with detailed statement, etc. 

1899, Sept. 30, No. 858, Contingent Fund $ 780 86 

1900, Mar. 31, No. 941, Back salary. Contingent 

Fund 125 00 

Mar. 31, No. 949, Contingent Fund 200 00 

April 15, No. 955, Contingent Fund 1,000 00 

May 9, No. 976, Contingent Fund 1,000 00 

Dec. 31, No. 87, Postage Jan. 21, 1900, to Mar. 

1, 1901 800 00 

lf'02, Jan. 31, No. 465, Postage for Members Board 18 00 

Jan. 11, No. 685, Contingent Fund 100 00 

June 30, No. 701, Supt. Heiges 125 00 

Dec. 23, No. 952, Deposit Inst Fund 32 00 

1903, Mar. 31, No. 1059, Mar. salary 166 00 

Apl. 16, No. 1110, Bond Premium 75 00 

June 19, No. 1206, Tobacco Cloth 20 00 

1905, Jan. 19, No. 2434, No voucher signed 16 00 

Nov. 21, No. 2479, No Voucher signed 25 00 

Dec. 2, No. 2539, Expense Train 500 00 

Feby. 8, No. 2616, Bond Premium 75 00 

It will be noted that the above are not given as com- 
plete lists of vouchers without accompanying statement 
of expenditures, but samples "to show the methods which 
have obtained during the entire term":- 

FIFTH: That from Mr. Koiner's induction into office 
January 1st, 1899 up to 1906, with the exception of one 
year, every annual report issued by him as showing the 
financial operations of the Department was arbitrarily 
made up, and not susceptible of proof from his books. 

In evidence, I cite the same report, page 6: 

"The annual reports of the Commissioner seem to 
have been arbitrarily made up, and the expert account- 
ants, with one exception, were unable to verify them." 

I cite further from accountants' statement, page 44, 
of same report: 

"We were unable to check any of the financial state- 
ments published in the Annual Reports of the Depart- 
ment, except that for the year 1905, or could we secure 
from the office force any of the detail from which 
said reports were made up. We were informed that 



they were made from the books turned over to us for 
examination, hut few cf the figures could be worked 
out, although we made an effort to do so. The De- 
partment having practiced carrying receipts from one 
year to another as explained above." * * * 

In this connection the accountants also say, same page, 
same report: 

"We file with this report a number of questions and 
the answers to same by Mr. E. Bruce Chesterman, Chief 
Clerk to the Commissioner, which speak for themselves. 
* * * This examination developed the fact that at no 
time had the books been balanced anu closed at the 
end of the year; or has any effort been made to bal- 
ance with the State Auditor's books." 

SIXTH: This report further shows most careless and 
unbusiness-like methods in the issue and sale of fertilizer 
tags, the source of all revenue to the Department. 

In evidence I cite the accountants' statement, page 44, 
same report: 

"There appears to have been very little care in the. 
handling of these tags. First, in the obtaining; second, 
in the care taken of them. As these tags represent the 
basis of the accounting of this department and have 
a monetary value, 'they should be treated accordingly. 
At present they are ordered in lots from some print- 
ing firm in boxes of 100 each. These boxes are placed 
in a store room to which others than the stamp clerk, 
have access. Numbers of these tags could be removed 
without his knowledge, and if sold to the consumer would 
thereby entail a loss to the Department." 



As members of the State Board of Agriculture, we 
desire to say, that we have carefully read Mr. J. H. C. 
Beverley's article in your June number, being familiar 
with the circumstances, we endorse his article as a con- 
servative statement of facts: 

W. H. EGGBORN, 
Member State Board of Agriculture, Eighth 

Congressional District of Virginia. 
A. O. MAUCK, 
Member Second Congressional Dist. of Va. 
We also, as ex-members of the Board, endorse Mr. 
Beverley's statement. 

J. M. McBRYDE, 
J. T. COWAN, 
The endorsement of Mr. C. W. Heater and the Hon. 
Julian RuSin will be found elsewhere in this issue. 

We especially invite attention to the letter from Mr. 
Ruffin, as he is a gentleman of the highest integrity 
and a large and most successful farmer and had especial 
means of coming to a conclusion ag to Mr. Koiner's fit- 
ness. 



THE ELECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF 
•AGRICULTURE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In the June issue of the Planter there was an article 
from the Hon. J. H. C. Beverley, which I read carefully. 
As a member of the Board for ten years, and, there- 
fore, fully cognizant of the facts therein dealt with, I 
can say I think it a very conservative statement of the 
case against Mr. Koiner. I hear that some of Mr. Koin- 
er's friends at Richmond are trying to discount the state- 
ment by saying Mr. Beverley was sore and prejudiced, 
and has misrepresented Mr. Koiner. This I consider a 
malicious misrepresentation of that honorable gentle- 
man. Mr. Beverley is a man above such conduct. He 
comes out like a man publicly, and over his own signa- 
ture, says what he has to say without fear of the con- 
sequences because he knows that he speaks the truth. Tf 
we had more such men in ofiice there would be no neces- 
sity for such statements to be made. It is high time for 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



695 



a change in the Commissionership of Agriculture, for, 
as the Department now exists, it is simply a farce. 
With a good man for Commissioner: I mean a man of 
executive and financial ability, this department could 
soon stand second to none in the United States in its 
ability to aid in the advancement of the agricultural in- 
terests of the State. Does anyone in Virginia know any- 
thing about the financial position of the Department? 
The last attempt at a financial statement made to tha 
Board by Mr. Koiner was January 15, 1909, at which 
time there was $1,578.13 in the treasury, with unpaid 
debts against the Department of $5,500; or, in other 
words, the Agricultural Department of Virginia was 
$3,921.87 in debt, with an annual report to print, which 
would cost over $4,000.00 more. The ofl[ice salaries alone, 
under the system of management of Mr. Koiner absorb 
very nearly one-half the receipts of the Department. 
Immigration work has been a failure. The reports given 
out by Mr. Koiner from time to time, for the purpose 
of making people believe that he has done great work 
along that line, are not justified by the facts. He has 
never given out how many of the number of immigrants 
who have come into the State are women and children. 
For all these, the Department has paid agents in Eu- 
rope so much per head. Mr. Koiner now finds that thit; 
is a very unpopular thing with the Labor organizations 
of Virginia, hence, says little about it now; but says 
that he is after home-seekers. Why did not Mr. Koiner 
make a financial statement at the last Board meeting? 
Why did he have the next Board meeting placed for 
October? Was the primary in the way? I guess so. 
Mr. Koiner has always been opposed to Blacksburg Col- 
lege or any other farmers' organization in the State 
that he did not run. Let the voters wake up, and do 
their duty and vote for the Hon. John Thompson Brown. 
I believe Mr. Brown, if elected, will soon make the De- 
partment a credit to the grand old State, and show that 
it can be of inestimable value to the farmers. 

C. W. HEATER. 
Middletown, Va. 



THE CORN PRIZES. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

The Times-Dispatch deserves a great deal of credit for 
suggesting the raising, through general subscriptions, of 
a cash corn prize and starting the ball in motion by giv- 
ing a liberal amount. It says: "For various reasons It 
has seemed best not to make the yield per acre the basis 
of competition and to focus the test wholly upon the 
grade of the product." Stating that this ' conclusion watj 
reached after consultation with certain farmers, and furth- 
er, that corn prizes offered in Indiana and Illinois, under 
the conditions named, had resulted in adding largely to 
corn production in those States. I am afraid the Times- 
Dispatch has been misled by the advice of its friends. 
This paper does not give the reasons upon which it founds 
its opinion as to the cause of the increase. We think the 
larger production was mainly due to the advance in price 
of corn on all markets. No prizes of any consequence 
liave been offered in Virginia for the past five years, yet 
there has been considerable increase in corn production, 
the same cause operating here. The whole idea of the 



present offer seems to me to be a misconception as to 
the object in offering prizes. The fundamental idea is 
to encourage the farmers of the State to raise more corn 
per acre. Under the conditions of the offer, type is the 
only requirement, and any farmer can grow enough corn 
on the tenth of an acre to select from. There is no 
inducement here to increase the yield per acre or add to 
the acreage of his crop. I very much doubt if these cash 
prizes will add a thousand bushels to the corn crop in 
Virginia this year. But it is to be hoped this offer will 
bear fruit because if a good many of our farmers suc- 
ceed in obtaining a better grade of seed corn it ought 
to result in an increased yield in the future. But our 
experience has been that good seed is not more than one- 
fourth of the requirement. The first thing required is 
rich, suitable land; the seed must be planted at the right 
time in a seed bed properly prepared, and the cultiva- 
tion must be such as to conserve the moisture and keep 
down all weeds and grass. 

Every intelligent farmer knows that to make a maxi- 
mum yield, corn must be planted not less than two feet 
apart in the rows and the rows not more than three and 
a half feet apart. But this way of raising corn will not 
make the best type of ear or grain, as the plants being so 
crowded will not make their best development and the 
conformation of the ear will be faulty and grain imper- 
fect. The best type of ear and developed grain will be 
found where the stalks are more than two feet apart 
and the rows over three and a half feet apart. My best 
ears were grown in rows four feet apart and stalks three 
feet apart in the row. 

Let every farmer have a separate plot of ground for 
seed. The present offer is not broad enough. It should 
include acreage as well as type. This matter of increas- 
ing corn production in Virginia is of vital importance to 
our people, so much so that it ought to be taken up by 
the next legislature and ten thousand dollars be set aside 
to be awarded as corn prizes; this amount should be ap- 
propriated for five consecutive years, the legislature fix 
ing the different awards and naming a Board to pass 
upon the productions of the contestants. The Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture ought to be a member of the Board. 
There should be awarded twenty-two prizes altogether. 
Twenty of these for greater acre production and the re 
maining two for type and conformation. Let $800 be 
given to the farmer who produces the greatest number 
of white, merchantable bushels of corn on ten acres of 
land. And smaller amounts, respectively, to the farmer 
who raises the most white corn on nine acres, and so on, 
consecutively, to the farmer who only grows the great- 
est number of bushels on an acre. Then establish simi- 
lar classes for the growers of yellow corn; but let the 
awards be much less than for corresponding classes of 
white corn. Prize No. 21 should be given to the farmer 
who offers the best twenty-four ears of white corn; 
and the last prize given to the farmer who produces the 
best twenty-four ears of yellow corn. The winning of 
one prize to disqualify a competitor from further win- 
ning. Of course, all corn to be raised in Virginia ani 
in the year specified. 

Now, if the next legislature does take up this matter 
and make the appropriation along the lines indicated, 



696 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



we may look for a large increase of corn per acre ail 
over the State in the next few years. The basic prin- 
ciples of corn production have been emphasized from 
time to time by the Southern Planter and the readers 
of this good journal are familiar with the essentials as 
they have been promulgated; to-wit: Keep all the stock 
your farm will carry; raise leguminous crops, such as 
cowpeas, clover, alfalfa and soja beans then observe a 
proper rotation of crops and, with proper cultivation, 
the outcome will be certain. E. W. ARMISTEAD. 

Harrisonburg, Va. 



THE TAX QUESTION. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

To my mind, taxing farm buildings and improvements 
is entirely wrong. 

If a man remodels his out-buildings, puts a veranda 
or a balcony to his house, gives it a couple of coats 
of paint, lays out a lawn, sets out a nice evergreen 
hedge and ornamental trees, makes a driveway, puts up 
new fences and gates, what is the result? Along comes 
the assessor with a clean, white pad and a sharp pointed 
pencil and puts up the value of the house $500 or a 
$1 000 and the land $500 more. Although it is the same 
old farm with a new dress bought with the proceeds of 
the farm earned by labor thereon. Why, then, should 
a farmer or any other man be taxed for such improve- 
ments? The public authorities or his neighbors did not 
contribute one cent to these improvements, yet all of 
these add to the total wealth of that section of the 
country. 

The present mode of assessing and collecting taxes 
must have surely been devised in the dark ages, and 
we should look for something better. It discourages im- 
provements and so farmers are afraid to have beautiful 
lawns, expensive front fences and gates, because they 
know their taxes will be increased in consequence. 

If, however, they were exempt from taxation, you would 
probably see farmers everywhere tearing down old, di- 
lapidated fences and gates and renewing them; new build- 
ings would be erected and old ones repaired and improve- 
ments of all kinds would, be introduced so that farms 
would generally take on a more attractive appearance. 

If we would assess only the land for what it is worth, 
no matter where it is situated, I believe you would see 
more improved farms and a better class of buildings. 
If we would arrange our tax laws so that all of the bur- 
den of taxation fell on the value of the land only we would 
make the path of the farmer easier to tread. 

Farmers as a usual rule are owners of land in large 
areas, but are not as a usual rule owners of land that is 
very valuable. A single acre of land, on the Island of 
Manhattan, in the year of 1908, sold for $7,500,000. Did 
you ever meet a farmer who owued 160 acres of such land? 

The proposition to tax only the value of land is tho 
greatest boon that has ever been submitted to the farm- 
ers for consideration. And yet, most of the men who 
advocate the taxation of land values and the exemption 
of improvements from taxation are not farmers. Most of 
them live in the cities. 

The statement has been made time and time again that 
the farmer is the heaviest taxed man in the country. And 



it's true. Is it not time that farmers consider what Is 
to their best interest? If this simple change is made in 
our tax laws the greatest burden of taxation will fall 
where the greatest land values exist, in the cities and 
towns, while the smallest burden will fall where the small- 
est land values exist, in the farming sections of our 
country. CHAS. D. RYAN. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Several years ago we wrote a series of articles in The 
Planter, exposing the absurdity and injustice of the pres- 
ent system of taxation in this State and the country gen- 
erally. Amongst all the civilized nations unis is the only 
one taxing movable, personal property. A farmer in Eng- 
land can keep as much live stock and own as many im- 
plements and other requirements for the working of his 
farm as he pleases, and can provide his home with all the 
conveniences in the way of furniture, pianos, watches, 
clocks, and sewing machines as he wishes without pay- 
ing a dollar of taxation thereon. The system of taxation 
in force is the cause largely of our uninviting homes and 
farms and offers a premium upon lying in making out the 
tax returns which few are able to resist. Every tax re- 
turn is made with a mental reservation as to its truth. 
Practically, in taxing the people of the State, we have 
made no advance over the system invented by the first 
settlers to raise money for public purposes. Surely, it 
is time to change this. In our opinion, the ideal system 
is to require a man to pay a tax on what profit he makes 
and not on what he is compelled to have to make a liv- 
ing. There is no injustice in requiring a man to pay 
a tax on the profit he makes, as he is enabled to do this 
by the protection which the law affords him in the con- 
duct of his business. This is practically what is done 
by the English income tax law. All property and the 
earnings of the owner are taxed under that law and in- 
comes below a certain limit sufiicient to maintain the 
maker are exempt. It is said that the lucome tax is an 
inquisitorial law and alien to the feelings of American 
people, but we have always failed to see the distinction 
in this respect between requiring a man to state his in- 
come and requiring him to tell how many watches, clocks, 
pianos, sewing machines, etc., he has, and how much 
they and all his other personal property are worth. Whilst 
we think that there is much to be said in favor of tax 
ing land values, yet we cannot see our way to limiting 
taxes only to this asset. There are thousands of men and 
women too in this country Who own no land, yet have 
enormous incomes, and these should be required- to bear 
their share of the burden of taxation, which they now 
escape. What a pity it is that candidates for public of- 
fice should not discuss such subjects as these in their ad- 
dresses rather than the "wet and dry problems, which 
seem to be all thev are able to find of interest except, 
may be, the records of each other. These are matters 
of small importance compared with the taxation problem 
and could well be left out of consideration without any 
one being the worse. Sumptuary laws have always been 
a failure everywhere, and always will be. A man is go- 
ing to eat, drink and wear what he likes and can afford 
to buy, whatever the law may say. Grandmotherly legls 
lation for grown people is folly. — Ed. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



697 



THE COLLIE DOG. 



A farm without a good aog on it is as deso 
late as a home without a child, and I believe 
there is no other dog that can begin to compare 
with the collie as the most efficient helpmeet 
on the farm. 

Carefully bred for hundreds of years by the 
shepherds of England and Scotland, continually 
associated from puppyhood to death with th2 
Scotch lads and lassies, assisting them in the 
management of the cattle and sheep in the high- 
lands and valleys of that country, which has pro- 
duced a race of people superior to most other 
nations and inferior to none. With an enviro.i- 
ment of this kind, I say, it is not strange that 
the collie has developed into the most intelli- 
gent, faithful, industrious and affectionate human 
companion that we have. 

Up in Montana and the Canadian Northwest, I have 
frequently seen working collies on the large sheep and 
cattle ranches of that section that could not be pur 
chased for one hundred and fifty to two hundred dollars, 
and it is not unusual to find them valued up to five hun- 
dred and more. The stock farmers who have herds of 
thousands of cattle grazing on the ranges realize the value 
of th-jse dogs and pay well for a good one. Hardly a 
winter passes that from out of this great "Northwest" 
do not come stories of the intelligence, faithfulness and 
endurance of the shepherd's only companion, his collie dog. 
Perhaps the herder has died in his little cabin or 
tent and day after day the dog has herded the sheep, put- 
ting them into corrall at night and taking them out to 
graze in the early morning just as he did before his mas- 
ter passed away. Perhaps both master and dog have lost 
their sheep in a blinding, freezing storm and they them 
selves, exhausted with futile efforts to regain the camp, 
sink down in the snowdrift and, when rescued later, the 
dog is found lying on his master and trying in every way 





MR. LABAUME AND COLLIES ON N. & W. RY. FARM. 



to shield him from the icy blast. It is always the same 
old story of the collie dog — "the brain of a man, the 
heart of a woman, the gentleness of a child." Always in- 



FEEDING TIME. 

telligent, industrious, affectionate and ever faithful unto 
death. 

These dogs come by their instincts and disposition nat- 
urally, for they have been reared for centuries in the hill 
country of England, Scotland and Wales and from puppy- 
hood are largely hand raised by the Scotch lassies ani 
frequently divided up among the sheep and allowed to 
suckle along wjth the lamb and thus instilling an instinct 
that has made them the natural protectors of dumb ani- 
mals and children. 

Driving is as natural to a Collie as swimming is to a 
Spaniel, but he should be properly guided in this instinct 
and training can commence when he is four or fiv? 
months old. Cleanliness and tractability should be taught 
from earliest puppyhood and the extremely sensitive na- 
ture of these dogs absolutely prohibits all roughness 
or punishment of them if you would get satisfactory re- 
sults. In many ways man's superior intellect can shape 
the future usefulness of a collie. For instance, a dog 
should always drive from behind and not run to an ani- 
rnal's head and bark at or bite the cow. A good way is 
to take the puppy in your arms, run after the cows a 
little so they start on a trot, then let the puppy down 
and he will think he is making the cattle move and 
will gradually learn to work behind. 

F. H. LaBAUME, 

Ivor, Va. Ag. & Ind. Agent, N. & W. R. R. 

Collies will be found advertised in our columns. — Ed. 



THE TURKEY BUZZARD. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I wish to endorse the letter of Mr. R. K. Anderson In 
your April issue advocating the outlawing cf the turkey 
buzzard, and your editorial comment. You have i)resent 
ed strongly the sanitary reasons for removing the legal 
protection of the buzzard and encouraging his extermina- 
tion. I wish to direct attention to an additional reason. 

On a large plantation where sows are allowed to far- 
row in the pasture, I have known buzzards to destroy, and 
maim the pigs before the minder could get to them. 
Like vultures, they even wound the sows. Similarly with 
young lambs. They are a serious menace to the raising 
of small live stock on large plantations. 

Richland Co. S. C. JOHN J. McMAHAN. 



098 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE AND PARTY 

POLITICS. 
Editor Southern I'laiitcr: 

In your June issue there are two articles concerning 
the election of a Commissioner of Agriculture. It is noi 
my purpose to criticize. I only wish to suggest an easy 
way to provide for his election without compelling him 
to be an adherent of some political party. As the situa- 
tion now stands, it is almost impossible to elect any 
State officer who does not announce himself as a party 
candidate. Let us see if there is a remedy for this un 
fortunate state of political affairs. 

Much has been said and written about the best means 
of nominating candidates for election to office. Whether 
a primary or a convention is the better way depends upor. 
circumstances. As a rule, however, I favor the primary. 
But the usual primary system needs to be amended. Of 
course, nothing can be done to improve the situation be- 
fore the coming fall election. But, for nominating candi- 
dates for election after this year, 1 suggest the follow- 
ing: 

1. Let our next legislature enact a general primary 
election law requiring all candidates to be nominated by 
a primary held four weeks before the regular election. 

2. The primary should be conducted by regular elec 
tion officers, and, as far as practicable, according to tho 
regular election laws. 

3. The primary ballot should clearly indicate the politi 
cal party affiliations of every candidate for nomination 
except candidates for nomination for election to the office 
of Commissioner of Agriculture. Candidates for nomina- 
tion for the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction 
might also be excepted from indicating their party affilia- 
tions. 

4. The two candidates for notnination for the same of- 
fice who receive the greatest number of votes in the prim- 
ary should be the only candidates for said 'office at the 
regular election; provided, however, that the same poli- 
tical party shall have only one candidate for the sam? 
office, except when the combined primary vote of two- 
members of the same party shall exceed half the total 
vote cast at such primary. 

Under this plan, there would be only two candidates 
for each office to be filled by election, thus securing the 
election of one by a majority of all the votes cast in 
the regular election. All the expenses of the primary 
would be borne by the public and not, by assessments 
upon each individual candidate for nomination. All par- 
ties would have an equal chance. All qualified voters 
could have a voice in nominating candidates without be- 
ing morally bound to support a particular nominee at the 
regular election. 

Under present plans for making nominations, whether 
by primary or by convention, large numbers of conscien 
tious citizens refrain from taking an active part because 
they do not wish to tie their hands before the final test 
at the regular election. And yet, by not taking an act- 
ive part in nominations they often practically allow others 
to tie their hands for them. After nominations are made 
those who stayed at home often have no choice at the 
regular election; especially in sections where one poli- 
tical party is largely in the majority. That system of 



nomination which encourages good citizens to take an 
active part helps to improve the government. 

FARMER. 



FARM RENTING IN VIRGINIA. 

In your May issue Mr. D. L. Davidson, of Red River, 
Oregon, asks for information in regard to renting farms 
in Virginia. I can give him my plan — one that I adopted 
before moving to this State from the West. I did not 
make any inquiry before renting the farm out, but wrote 
up an agreement with the following terms: I furnish 
all the commercial fertilizer; my renter furnishes all seed, 
wheat and teams and tools and does all the work. The 
stock we furnish in equal parts and keep all stoclc 
in partnership, except horses, and, whei^ aoia, we divide 
the cash equally. We feed the stock out of the partner- 
ship grain. We divide the wheat when threshed. ' I fur- 
nish all timothy and clover seed. 

Now, Mr. D. will want to know what interest sucn a. 
partnership will pay the owner. It has paid me 8 per 
cent, on the investment for seven years. My farm is 
cut up in small fields, nearly all pig tight. 

As to a system, that is one trouble here in Virginia, 
there is no system. I see some good farms and good 
renters on them, but the renters' hands are tied. Ho 
cannot pasture hogs or sheep because of no fences 
■hat will turn either. He must keep his hogs in the pen 
jntil killing time, and if he comes out even on the hog 
deal he can count himself lucky. S. A. SAUM. 

Shenandoah Co., Va. 

I am taking five agricultural papers; I must say I would 
rather drop the other four than to drop the Southern 
Planter. S. 



THE CORN PRIZES. 

In our last issue we published an article from Mr. S. B. 
Woods on this subject. Our printer made an unfortunate 
error therein in printing the word "tons" instead of bush- 
els, in speaking of a yield per acre. Mr. Woods write? 
us that his attention has been called to the error by sev- 
eral parties who are inclined to joke him thereon as 
drawing the "long bow." Those who know Mr. Woods 
Know that he would not be guilty of such a thing aiil 
that the word was simply a printer's error, not corrected 
by the proof-reader. The word -was written "bus.," which, 
it will be seen, could easily be read "tons" by a composi- 
tor not familiar with the subject. We regret the error. 
We know our friend will forgive us, as he has had ex- 
perience with printers and their wonderful blunders. 



THE FARMVILLE CREAMERY. 

We are very glad to learn that the creamery recently 
established at 'Farmville, Va., has gotten quite an aus- 
picious start. A goodly number of cows has been se- 
cured by patrons, and still others will be gotten, and the 
outlook is that in the very near future the creamery will 
be running up to its full capacity. We also learntd 
that an expert butter maker has been secured, and an 
excellent article in the shape of creamery butter maj' 
be expected at an early date. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



699 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BT 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBL>SHIN6 CO., 

RICHMOND, VA. 

ISSUED ON 1ST OF EACH MONTH. 



J. F. JACKSON, 
Editor. 



B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, 
Business Manager. 



B. W. RHOADS. 

Western Representative, 844 Tribune 

Building, Chicago, 111. 



MANCHESTER OFFICE, 
W. J .Carter, 1102 Hull Street. 



ADVERTISING RATES 
Will be furnished on application. 



The SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed 
to subscribers in the United States, 
Mexico and island possessions at 60 
cents per annum; all foreign countriea, 
il; the city of Richmond and Canada, 
75 cents. 

REMITTANCES should be made 
direct to this office, either by Regis- 
tered Letter or Money Order, which 
will be at our risk. When made other- 
wise we cannot be responsible. 

SUBSCRIBERS falling to receive 
their paper promptly and regularly 
will confer a favor by reporting the 
fact at once. 

WE INVITE FARMERS to write us 
on any agricultural topic. We are 
always pleased to receive practical 
articles. Rejected matter will be re- 
turned on receipt of postage. 

No anonymou'3 communications or 
enquiries will receive attention. 
Address THB3 SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
RICHMOND, VA, 

ENTERED AT THE POST-OFFICE 
AT RICHMOND, VA., AS SECOND- 
CLASS MAIL MATTER. 



PUBLISHERS' NOTES. 

TO ADVERTISERS. 

Please bear in mind that we must 
have all copy or instructions for ad- 
vertisements by the 25th of each 
month without fail. Every month we 
are compelled to omit advertising in 
large volumes for the simple reason 
that copy does not reach us in time. 



lAA- 



A NEAT BINDER. 
If you will send thirty cents to our 
business office, we will send you a 
neat binder made of substantial Bris- 
tol board, in which you can preserve 
an entire volume of the Southern 
Planter. Many of our readers find 
this a useful device, as they always 
save their copies for reference. 




WOOD'S SEEDS— Beat quality always. 

Sow Crimson Clover 

at the last working of corn and other cultivated crops. 
It is the King of Soil Improvers, 

increasing the productiveness of the land to a wonderful ex- 
tent wherever it is sown. 

It also makes splendid fall, winter and spring grazing, 
the earliest green feed or a good hay crop, and the land can 
be plowed and planted in corn or other crops the same season. 

Land planted to corn that is sown in Crimson Clover at 
the last working yields constantly increasing crops of corn 
each successive year. 

Write for price, and WOOD'S CROP SPECIAL, giv- 
ing full information about Crimson Clover and other Seeds. 

L W. WOOD & SONS, Seedsmen, 

Richmond, Virginia. 
I9 t 3 



A FARMER'S ACCOUNT BOOK. 

We can furnish a very simple and 
complete account book for farmers' 
use for 50 cents, postpaid; or we 
will give a copy to every subscribei 
who will remit us $1.00 for a three 
year subscription and 10 cents to 
cover mailing. 

This book contains records for la 
bor, planting, buying, selling, breed 
ing and inventory and will last the 
average farmer for two or three 
year. 

In the back of the book are gesta 
tion tables, rules for computing con 
tents of corn cribs, hay stacks, etc. 



THE ROSS SILOS AND 

ENSILAGE MACHINERY. 
We are in receipt of catalogues of 
the E. W. Ross Co., Springfield, O. 
describing in detail its silo and silo 
filling machinery. Established in 
18.50, this company should certainly 
know its business, and if we are to 
judge it by the quality of its good.- 
and advertising literature, we should 
say that it did. It makes both silos 
and ensilage cutters in endless va 
riety and sizes to suit practically 
everybody. If you are at all inter- 
ested, send for these catalogues. 
Their advertisement will be found in 
another column. 



$l500to$5000aYear 

■" has been made by linndreda 

of people operating the 

"American" Drilling Machines 

There is no business iu the world where 
a few hundred dollars investment, com- 
bined with a little energy, will 
obtain a competency so surely or 
quickly as the operation of ai] 
" American " Well Machine. 40 
years' experience and 59 regular 
V styles and sizes make them the 
I world's standard. 
Complete New Catalog FREE. 

The American Well Works 
Gen'l Office & Works, Aurora, III. 

First Nat. liank Bids . Chicago. 
Sydnor Pump Company, liichmoad, Virginia. 




RAFFIA 

Red Star and Arrow Brands 

Bale lots of 225 lbs. each. 

We are direct Importers — stock 
always on hand. Write for special 
prices, stating quantity required. 
Sample sent on request. 

McHUTCHISON & COMPANY, 

Raffia Importers, 

17 Murray St., New York. 



BANK OF RICHMOND, 

Main and Ninth Streets. 



CAPITAL, $1,000,000 00. SITRPLUS, 9475,000 0*. 

Special attention paid to out-of-town accounts. Correspondence invited. 
Three per cent, interest Allowed In Savings Department. 
Compounded Semi-Annually. 



700 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Roof Money 

Don't judgre roofing- by the way it looks. 
There are more than 300 substitutes for the 
genuine Ruberoid. They have names which 
sound like Rubero'd. Before they are laid 
they look like Ruberoid. 

But a single summer tells the difference. 

For there is no rubber in Ruberoid. It is 
not a tar roofing:. Not an asphalt roofing. 
Not an asbestos roofing. 

Its wonderful properties are due to our ex- 
clusive product — Ruberoid gum. 

This gum is flexible like new rubber — but it 
permanently withstands the heat, the cold, 
the rain, the snow — which rubber will not do. 

It is so nearly fireproof that hot coals thrown 
on a roof of Ruberoid set fire neither to the 
roofing, nor to the timbers underneath. 

RUBEROID 

(REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE) 

Ruberoid roofing was the first ready roofing by 
several years. 

Asphalt roofinps and the so-called "rubber" and 
*'asbestos'* roofings have come— and gone — and 
been replaced. While the first roofs of Ruberoid 
— pvit on more than seveiiteen years ago — look still 
good fox many more years of service. 

Ruberoid roofing is also made in colors. These 
colors— Red, Brown, Green— are a part of the 
roofing. They do not wear ofE or fade. 

Get This Free Book 

Before deciding on any roofing for any purpose, 
get our free book, which gives the results or our 
tests with all kinds of roofings — shingle, tar, tin, 
asphalt and ready roofings. 

This book is a gold mine of practical roofing in- 
formation, and will be sent free to all who address 
Department 30C The Standard Paint Coripany, 
100 William Street, New York. 



uenasco 

Ready Roofing 

Trinidad Lake Asphalt Roofing;. 
Does away with leaks and re- 
pairs. Guaranteed. 

Write for Good Roof Guide Book and sam- 
ples. 

THE BARBER ASPHALT 
PAVING COMPANY 

Largest producers of asphalt and largest 
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world. 



PHILADELPHIA 
New York San Francisco 



Chicago 



MONTROSS METAL SHINGLES 



I If fill 



lare no experiment Made 
Isince 188:^, and give satl-- 
liactlon to all users. Offer 

fou the Ideal roofing. 

Won't crack or scale. 
IFire, storm and lightning 
Iproof Light, attractive, 
[easily laid i ast a life- 
Itlnie. Inexpensive. Write 
lus-for Catalogue. 



MONTROS3 METAL SHINQLE CO 



113 Erie St. 



Camden, N- J, 



Lowest Factory Pri 
^—Freight Prepaid 

Write immediately for free samples and booklet 
about the most remarkable offer ever made on old 
highquaUty BREESEBROS, 
RUBBER ROOFING 

Gaarunt^ed, waterproof, flto reelstln^ and du 
able. I>elaj lUAj coBt you money. Write dow, 

The Br«ese Bros. Company 
Roofing DepU 64^ Cincinnati, O. 




cc— 



WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 

The Medical College of Virginia 
announces that its seventy-second 
session begins on September 14th 

The Alma Manufacturing Co. re- 
sumes its advertising of the McVick- 
er Engine this month. 

Shropshire sheep are offered by H. 
R. Graham, Chestertown, Md. 

The Silver Manufacturing Co. is 
advertising its Ohio Ensilage Cut- 
ters again this month. Look up the 
advertisement. 

The Farmers Ground Phosphate 
Rock Co. has an advertisement on 
another page, to which attention is 
invited. 

The Virginia Land Agency is a 
new advertiser this month. 

H. A. S. Hamilton & Sons are ad- 
vertising pure bred sheep of differ- 
ent breeds in another column. 

C. E. Jones is offering some Dor- 
sets at reasonable prices. 

The Lynnwood Stock Farm is offer- 
ing pure bred Percherons, Shorthorns 
and Berkshires. 

Desirable farms between Richmond 
and Washington are offered by Frank 
H. Cox. 

Look up the advertisement of the 
Union Bank of Richmond. 

The Smith Shock Binder Co. is ad- 
vertising its very handy device in 
this issue. 

W. Grossman & Son are advertis- 
ing seasonable seeds in another col- 
umn. 



HOW TO SAVE $75 

On five cows in ninety days, in 
milk alone, and have them protected 
from flies, lice, mosquitoes, ticks, 
warbles, is fully explained in a book- 
let being mailed to any subscriber 
that will write to the Ripley Manu- 
facturing Co., Department V., Graft- 
ton, 111. It is cruel to allow your 
cows, horses and poultry to suffer 
from the torments of flies, lice and 
other insects, when a small invest- 
cent will mean the saving of many 
a dollar to you; at the same time 
your cows will give 25 to 50 per cent, 
more milk than cows that are left 
to fight flies all day. See the ad. 
in this issue of the above firm, and 
send and get some of this wondei'ful 
money-saving preparation. No flies, 
lice, mosquitoes or other insects will 
exist where it is sprayed. It is harm- 
less to man or beast, and not poison- 
ous, and is guaranteed to be as rep- 
resented or money is refunded. 



Campbell Co., Va., April 15 '09. 

How in the world you can publish 
such a valuable magazine as the 
Southern Planter for the price is 
more than I can comprehend. 

J. M. B. LEWIS. 



Backed by 50 Years 
of Steady Improvement 

Dederick Presses are backed by 
more tho.n fifty years of careful 
experimenting and improving. 
They hold the world's records for 
neat, rapid aiid thorough work, and 
have always come out winners in con- 
tests with other presses. 

DEDEFIICK'S 

Baling Presses 

are strong, substantial, 

and durable— made In a 

modern factory by men 

who are press experts. 
They're the world's 6e5^, 
as well as Jirst^ Presses— 
the farmer's wisest choice. 
Our free Catalogue is full 
of facts about Presses 

and baling. Write for 
a copy— to-day. 

P. K. Dederjck's Sons, 

SSnVOLI ST., 
ALBANY, N. V. 




Self -Feed 171 • Baling 
3-Stroke ILll Press 

Latest addition to the great "Eli" family. Three 
strolses with automatic self-feed malces the gang 
hustle. Built on lines that make horse presses really 
valuable. Greatest leverage when pressure is hard- 
est. Low Step-over, Full Circle, Block Signals, etc. 
A little giant In strength. We've alnajs led as hay- 
press builders— 18 different styles, horse and belt 
powers. All in one catalog and it's free. Write for it. 
Collins Plow Co., 118S Hampshire St., Quincy, III. 



1 MAN 

A A N D X 

HORSE 



TON 

HOUR 



Bale at Least Cost 

Onr Daisy SELF- 
THREADING, self- 
feeding one-horse hay 
only one on which 
one man can do 
all the work. First 
successful self- 
threading de- 
vice, automatic 
condenser increases re- 
sults. Open side hopper. 
Free trial. Write today 
for Baler Book and prices. 
GEO. ERTELCO., (jttlntyilU. 



Monarch 




Hydraulic 

Cider Press 



Great strength and ca- 
pacity; all sizes; also 
gasoline engines, 
steam engines, 
sawmills, thresk- 
ers. Catalog free. 
Monarch Machinery Co., iJlO CortlandtBldg.. New York 




A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHEEN PLA^TEE. 



YOl 



What 
do you know 
about Silage Cut- 
ters? 

Which do you think is the best? 
IVhy do you think so? 
"Ohio" Silage Cutters give absolutely 
the best results. We believe we can 
prove this to you. Will you give us the 
chance? 

Our big new "Ohio" book— the finest 
ever printed— will post you on Silage 
Cutter essentials. It's a beauty— 104 
pages— with 56 pages of photographs o£ 
"Ohio" Cutters at work everywhere. 
It will make you sure about 

"Ohio" Blower Silage Cutters 

(6Size»-Cal3to30Ton8anHour-5tol6H.P.) 

about their dependability, capacity, 
durability and construction, power re- 
quirements, evenness and quality of the 
cut product, high class of users, prices, 
etc. Send for it tod:.y. Mailed free. 

The Silver Mfg. Co 

Salem, Ohio 

Modern Silnze Methods,' 
2ii puses, 10c coin or 
stamps. 





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5 ® c 

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SILOS 

that m.ike and keep real ensilage; 
that Iiave tiie utmost strength, con- 
venience, and durability; that are 
nseil by the United States Govern- 
ment. Send for free catalogue. 
H.\RDER MFG. COMPANY, 
Box J2, CobleskilJ, N. Y. 




BRIEF CORRESPONDENCE. 

Hamilton, Va. 
Editor Southern Planter: — I en- 
close you a little item clipped from 
our town paper on the O. I, C. 
sow, "Topsy," I own. "Topsy" far- 
rowed SIX litters of pigs as fol- 
lows: First, 10; second, 10; third, 
13; fourth, 13; fifth, 17; sixth, 14— 
total, 77. By feeding some of them, 
66 of the number reached maturity. 
Mr. Schooley has invested no little 
cash in the improvement of his stock, 
and breeders should visit his farm 
or correspond with him before pur- 
chasing." In the April issue of your 
journal I advertised her pigs. Was 
much pleased with that ad., for, be- 
fore another issue, it had brought me 
customers to more than sell all the 
pigs I had. Have heard from all of 
my customers but one, and .they were 
pleased with my stock. I guess he 
will have no kick, for a pig 92 days 
old weighing 85 pounds should have 
some respect. Keep good stock and 
advertise in the Southern Planter and 
you will make no mistake. 

G. T. SCHOOLEY. 
June 15, 1909. 

• 
Kansas Dept. of Agriculture, 
Topeka, Kan. 

J. F. Jackson, Esq., Editor Southern 
Planter: — I am greatly interested in 
the splendid work you are doing to 
acquaint your readers with the ex- 
cellence and cultivation of alfalfa. 
Surely, you cannot render them a 
greater service, and they will always 
be indebted to you and Prof. Massey 
for your persistency in turning their 
faces to the light. 

It would be a Godsend to the farm- 
ers of the South if a half million of 
them would subscribe for your mag- 
azine, and follow the advice it gives 
them from month to month. 

F. D. COBURN, Secy. 

June 8, 1909. 



Suffolk, Va. 

Editor Southern Planter: — The few 
subscribers secured in the spring have 
been very gratifying to me. I'll give 
you the history of Just "one." He 
secured one of Mr. Davis' horses ad- 
vertised in the Southern Planter, and 
w,as so well pleased that two of his 
friends each purchased a horse. He 
loaned the paper to a brother-in-law, 
and he purchased a cow and one of 
his friends purchased some hogs. Be- 
sides this, they are delighted with its 
valuable contents, and said his wife 
lived by the chicken pages. I think 
treats are on Mr. Davis, the horse- 
man. 

W. T. BAILEY. 

June 9, 1909. 



Roanoke Co., Va., March 24, '09. 
It gives me pleasure to speak for 
the Southern Planter whenever the 
opportunity presents itself. 

ALLEN W. WILBOURN. 



THIS IS IT' 




ELECTRIC 



The wagon you are looking for; the waRoa folks 

are all talking aliou t. By every teat It is the best — 

no living man can build a better. Of coarse you 

have guessed that it's the 

ELECTRIC "^AGON 

Low steel wheels J wide tires and durability and 
good service written all over It. Don't be talked 
Into buying an interior. Get the wagon that lasts. 
Or we'll seU you a set of Eleclrlo Steal Whsela 
and make your old wagon new 
at slight expense. Spokes united 
with the hub: absolutely Im- 
possible to work loose. Sold on 
a money-back guarantee. Their 
saving in time, labor, horseflesh 
and repnir bills will pay for them 
In a single year. More than a 
milhon and a quarter in use. All 
we ai-k is a chance to tell you 
more about them. Dropusaline, 
we'll do the rest. Catalog free. 

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., 
Bo» 146 Quincy, III. 




lUMPS WATER 



P 

■ Day and Night Automatioally 

^^ Low in first cost, easy to Install, no expense 

^^^_to operate, any capacity desired for Country 
^^^Homes, Farms, Dairies, Gardens, Irrigation, 
ToTrn Vlants, Railroad Tanks, etc. 

Rife Hydraulic Rams 

Ealse water so feet for every foot of 
fall. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Over 
7,000 In use. If there isa stream, spring 
or pond within a mile — 

Write For Free Plans and Book. 

Get our Free Trial OSer. 

Rife Engine Co. 

211 3 Trinity Bldo- 
NEW YORK 




$100 that the 
20th CBNTURY FARM 6ATK 

Is th« most 
I simple and 
Ip rac 1 1 ca 
I farm gate 
lever produc 
led. Do you 
]w a n t to 

make men- 

ey? 




^1. BI. B& X UlRSy 
Sole owner Pats. TJ. 



liodl, Ohio. 

S. and Canada. 




IXLyyjWSIN ORDER 

MANLOVE 

Automatic Gate 

S; Saves time, adds 
to value, safety, 
beauty and pleas- 
ure of home. 
MANLOVE GATE CO., 272 E. Huron SU 
CHICAGO, ILLS. 



C"Cilf^jr STRONGEST 

#" JCLfwCjrJ. MADE. Bull. 

strong chick- 
en-tight Sold to the user at >VlioleHale 
Prices. We paj Kreleht. Catalogue free. 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
Box 53 Winchester. Indiana. 



WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID $8.78, 

foMBuggyWheeU, Steel Tires. With Rubber Tires, SI5.Z0. I 

mfg. wheels>i(o*in. (read. BuRgyTopsJS.W. Shafts J2.00. T#»] 
Bonks UJ: Haraeu.t5. Lcjrn bow to boj dlRct CiUlorie Free- Repairi 
Wheels. J6.60 WaRon fmbrelU ppfk.vv v BOOB. CUclooail. oJ 

Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 




702 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July. 



See That Generator? 




Bad. 



Be able to tell your blue dress from 
black. See while you are trying, with- 
out straining the eyes. No smoke, n« 
globes to break or lamps to clean, or 
fall or explode; no danger of killing 
you while you sleep. Less work per 
month than one lamp. Costs less than 
Kerosene, and always ready at all 
timers. We will send you one ready to 
put up. Write us to-day. 
IDEAL. EPWORTH ACETYt,ENE CO., 
620 Elder St., JOHNSTOWN, PA. 

BaRGainis in 
2nd Hand Machinery* 

For Sale by 

The Watt Plow Co., 

Richmond, Ta. 

One 8 H. P. Peerless Geiser Engine 
and Boiler, on steel ^rheels, used two 
months, and as good as nevv. 

One 8 H. P. Frick Eclipse Boiler and 
Engine, on wlieels, in first-class ° or- 
der; just overhauled. 

One 12 H. P. Ames Engine and Boil- 
er, on -nheels, just overhauled in our 
shop, and in first-class shape. 

One 25 H. P. detached Erie Ene^ine, 
irithout boiler. 

One 20 H. P. Peerless (Geiser) En- 
gine and Boiler, on steel wheels, used 
eighteen months, and tn first-class 
condition in every way. 

One American Combined Ijath-Mill 
and Bolter, with • two inserted Tooth- 
Lath Saws and one inserted Tooth 
Bolting Saw. 

«)ne 20-inch Sweepstakes Planer, 
Matcher and Molder complete, with 
countershaft and pulleys. 
One 12 H. P. Second-hand Lishtnine 
Balance Gasoline Engines, mounted, 
manufactured by the Kansas City Hay 
Press Co. 

THE WATT PLOW CO., 

f 426 E. Main St., Richmond, Va, 



The • IHONIKRCH" 

STEEL STUMP PULLER. 




The best and simplest on earth. No 
cost to you, except freight, until It la 
set up and giving satisfaction. Nina 
years experience in this business. 
Write for catalogue and prices. 

JOS. W^. RITCHIE, Agent, 
Ronte I, Grottoes, Va. 



CATALOGUES, PAMPHLETS, ETC. 

Northern Virginia Farms. Cata- 
logue issueil by A. H. Buell, Real Es- 
tate Broker, Herndon, Va. 

De Kalb Fence Co., De Ka)b, 111. 
Wire fencing for all purposes. 

Agricultural Implements. Catalogue 
No. 36, The Wilder-Strong Implement 
Co., Monroe, Mich. 

Veterinary Notes. Monthly publica 
tion issued by Parke, Bavis & Co., 
Detroit, Mich. 

Concrete Silos. The Virginia Port- 
land Cement Co., Fordwick, Va. 

Gas and Gasoline Engines. The 
Rockford Engine Works, Rockford, 
Engine Works, Rockford, 111. 

The Story of Holstein Milk, issued 
by the Holstein-Friesian Association. 
Brattleboro, Vt. 

Iron Age News. The quarterly pub- 
lication of the Bateman Manufactur- 
ing Co., Grenloch, N. J., in the in- 
terest of Iron Age tools. 

Department of Pharmacy. Bulletin 
of the University College of Medicin';, 
Richmond, Va. 

^Natural Fine-Ground Rock Phos- 
phate, presented by the Farmers' 
Ground Rock Phosphate Co., Mt. 
Pleasant. Tenn. 

Sunrise in the South. By R. H. 
Edmonds, editor of Manufacturers 
Record, and a reprint from that pub- 
lication. 

The above catalogues and pam- 
phlets will be sent free to all appli- 
cants, and will be found to be very 
interesting on the subjects which 
they treat. Write to addresses given 
above. 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

Attention is invited to the adver- 
tisement of the Peruvian Guano Cor 
poration, to be found on anothei 
page. Many of our older readers will 
doubtless hail with delight, the an- 
nouncement that the genuine old fash 
ioned guano can now be had in any 
quantities, since it has been a num- 
ber of years since their "first love" 
has been on the market. Many are 
the crops upon which it can be used 
to advantage, both as a fertilizer c 
base for home-mixing. We are ir 
formed that shipments arrive in thi 
country regularly, and the guano i 
sold strictly on analysis. , 



Mrs. Jennie E. Wilson has just so" 
her farm of 82 1-2 acres, near Ster 
ling, Va., to Mr. S. M. Newman, of 
Gordonsville, Va., through A. H. Bu- 
ell, Real Estate Agent, Herndon, Va. 
Half the crops go with the farm. 



Roane Co., Tenn., March 7, '09. 
The Southern Planter is the best 
paper I know of and it contains the 
best reading and most reliable adver- 
tising. JNO. W. SNOW. 



CHEAPER TARN 




For the price of a good horse you can buy an 
ideal farm ungine that will opei ate Feed Grinder, 

Cutter, Saw, Pump, Churn, Separator, \Vash- 

_ ing Maclune and other machines to which belt 

can be attaclied. It cats no corn, does not get 

sick or die, can be moved whenever you wish, 

is always ready and eager to work. 

A Star Gasoline Engine will cut outdrudgery, 
save the tired back, and make life a pleasure. 
Made with standard tsaak, pump cooled, or 
liopper cooled. 
Send for prices and illustrations and leam 

why the ''Star" is a money-maker and time 
saver. 

The Star Mannfactnring Co., 
Box 516, New I.exington, Ohio 



The 
STAR 

A Heavy, 

Stajidard 

High- 

Orade 

Gasoline 

Engine 




HARNESS 



BY 
MAIL 



You can buy custom-made, oak-tan- 
ned harness direct from our factory, 
at wholesale prices. Save the dealers' 
profits. All our harness guaranteed. 
Money back if not satisfactory. Write 
for illustrated Catalogue O. and price 
list. Every farmer should have this 
booklet. 

THE KING HARNESS COMPANY, 
16 Lake St. Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y. 



Rockford Engine Works. 

Depi. 36, Rockford, 111 

TheEngine thatwill please pou ' 




BOILERS AND ENGINES. 

16-horse Traction, $300; 12-horse, 
$250; lO-horse, $200; boilers and en- 
gines from 2 to 100 horse, all styles 
and sizes, new and second hand; 4- 
horse gasoline engine, $75; 8-horse 
$150; 12-horse, $200: Saw-Mill, $136; 
boilers, tanks and smoke-stacks. 
CASEY BOILRR WORKS, 

Springfield, Ohio. 

HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS 

I Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring ^ 
IwaQon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc., 
I bring more monsy. Ask for special proposition. ' 
I Harvey Spring Co., 733 17th St., Baeine, Wis. | 



Free Trial To You 



Cattle Instrument Case 

"Easy to Use"— no Veterinary 
experience necessary. Con- 
tain.s $3.00 Millt Fever Outfit 
and eiglit other "Eaiy to Use" Cat- 
tle Instruments needed by every 
cow owner. Complete in Oak Case $10.00, regular 
value $15.00, sent prepaid with "Easy to Use" direc- 
tions on receipt of $10.00. Send lor Free Booltlei ' ii 
G. P. PILLING « SON CO.. Areh St., Phlladelpliia, Pn. 




Please mention the Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



703 



MICA 

AXLE 
GREASE 



does 
good 
to a 




COOPER'S 
tREESPRAYS 

, VI — For Trees in Dormant state 

V2 — For Summer Use 
:. V3-For Leaf-eating Insects 



Effective in the highest degree. Are highly 
Concentrated. Absolutely nnilorm in strength. 
Mix instantly with water. One part to 100 parts 
water. ISO sediment to clog nozzles. Harmless 
to the trecsnnduser. Non-poisonous to animals 
Krai'ing under trees. Invigorate and cleanse 
the tree. Write for pamphlet of convincing; testimony. 

Wm. Cooper & Nephews, 177 Illinois St., Chicago 



KILL. SAN JOSE SCALE WITH 

GOOD'S Si!itJilLE%L soap ^O. 3 

James Good, 959 N. Front Street, 
Philadelphia. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



$10,000 ORDER. 

What is perhaps the largest Chil- 
led plow sale on record in recent 
years was made by the William .1. 
Oliver Manufacturing Company, on 
vesterday, when the the Gale-Hooper 
"Company, of Memphis, contracted 
with the big Knoxville concern, for 
$10,000 worth of William J. Oliver 
nlows for immediate delivery. "Made 
in Knoxville" is the slogan. 

Few sales aggregating a larger or 
as large an amount than this have 
ever been made by any plow manu- 
facturing establishment, even though 
in the business for many years, but 
certainly a sale of this magnitude is 
the largest ever made by any con- 
cern only in the business for the 
short space of time marking the in- 
troduction of the Wm. J. Oliver im- 
proved chilled plow," says Mr. Oliver. 
"In the implement world it is re- 
garded as truly remarkable, inasmuch 
as the plow is only in its infancy. 
A Sentinel reporter called on Mr. Ol- 
iver in order to learn, if possible, un- 
on what especial feature is predi- 
cated this extraordinary popularity of 
1 plow comparatively unknown. The 
"enorter found Mr. Oliver in his pri 
vate office, flanked by his special 
igent in Kentucky, Will Ross, of the 
Ross Seed Company, of Louisville, 
"nd George S. Hooper, raanagina 
'partner of the Memphis concern con 
tracting the sale. The reporter'."-' 
nuestion was referred to Mr. Ross fo'' 
■^ reply. Mr. Oliver explaining that 
Mr. Ross has had more experience 
>vith more different makes of chillerl 
'lows than anv other man in the Sont'n 
<^o-day. Mr. Ross, without, hesitation. 
' eplied: 

"Well, that is a very easy question 
to answer. The model used in thf^ 
Wm. J. Oliver plow is the one which 
^-ears of service in the field has dem- 
onstrated to be the most efficient 
Now, Avhen you strengthen in any ar- 
ticle those features which in cthe'- 
articles, are weak and, at the sara-:^ 
time, improve its conf?truction bv 
simplifying it where others are com 
plicated, you are getting prettv close 
to perfection in any line. Such i- 
true of the Wm. J. Oliver ulow: wc 
have the combined good points of all 
other chilled plows, our pattern rep 
resenting, as it does, the crvstallir.n 
tion, you might sav. of all attempte'i 
improvements in chilled plows. Brief- 
ly, oiir plow is built with the us'ial 
troubles found in other chilled plows 
eliminated, at the same time retain 
all of the good features. Paradoxical 
though it may Sound, the Wra. .T. 01 
iver is totally unlike any other plow, 
evidence of which is borne 0"t in thf» 
fact that every niece entefing into 
its construction is fully patented." 
Knoxville Sentinel. 



A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



5MIP HE YOUR 



OLD METALS 

HIDE5 
RUBBER 

SCRAP IRON 



Car Lots a Specialty 



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Write for Prices. 
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Labgbst Dbaleb in 

Scrap Iron, Metals, Hides, 
Etc., in the South. 

REFERENCES: 

National Bank of Virgin » 
Bank of Richmond, 
Bradstreets and Don 



» 



704 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



FARMBR8 

Insure Your Buildings, Live Stock, 

Produce, Etc., in Virginia Division, 

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Boat srecurlty. Praperty insured 
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write to 

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CHBSTKR, VA. 

Organized January 9, 1899. 



FIRST NATIONAL BANK 

Richmond, Va. 

A strong, conservative, well-man- 
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Capital 

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A Savings Department for the 
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PATENTS 



SECURED 

OR FEE 
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Send sketch for free report as to 
patentability. Guide Book and Wkai 
to Invent, with valuable list of Inven- 
tions wanted sent free. One mlUloE 
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wanted everywhere; 25 years' expe- 
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AGENCY, 911 Main St., Richmond, Va, 



EDICAL COUICE 

, OF y iRCIWlA 



Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy 

I Seventy-second Session begins Sept. 14, 1909 

Excellent laboratory and clinical facilities. 

I Climate salubrious. Living expenses moderate. 

AVrit« for terms and cataloirue I 

' Christopher Tompkins, M.D., Dean, RiciimondVa. 



STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 

HARRISONBURG, VA. 

For the higher education of young 
ladies and the professional training 
of teachers. Location unsurpassed. 
Modern dormitory. Tuition free. Liv- 
ing expenses low. First year begins 
Sept. 28, 1909. Send for illustrated an- 
nouncement to 

Julian A. BurruHs, President. 



Wp Will HiuP A RURAL MAIL BOX, 

WWO fWIII UIVC The best and liandsomest 
Galvanized Steel Rural Mail Box "-lade, to the first 
person sendins; address of parly - ...vassing: for peti- 
tions for new Rural Route. Write today. 
KEKTl'CKY STAJlPINti CO.. DEPT. Si Lid ItVILLE, KV. 



AT "MONTROSE" SHETLAND 
STOCK FARM. 

Writing under recent date, from 
"Montrose" Shetland Pony Farm, at 
Cartersville, on the line of the James 
River Division of the C. & O. R. R., 
which is one of the most highly im- 
proved sections of Virginia, Dr. Nash 
P. Snead states that the present sea- 
son has been the most prosperous in 
the history of "Montrose" Farm, as 
sales have been more frequent, and 
the demand most active for breeding 
stock, as well as for ponies for chil- 
dren and ladies. 

Dr. Snead made a direct importa- 
tion from the Shetland Islands some 
months back, including the fine young 
Steinvorod, 8340, and some choice 
mares, and from this lot, selections 
have been made by prominent breed- 
ers, while other ponies have passed 
to private parties, one of them, an 
elegant mare, bred in the purple, go- 
ing to Mr. Thomas Purcell, of ' the 
wholesale drug house of Purcell, 
Ladd & Co., of Richmond. 

No breeding establishment in Vir- 
ginia has attained a better reputation 
since its formation than the "Mont- 
rose" Pony Farm, and its warmest ad- 
vocates are patrons whose children 
have in use the beautiful and intel- 
ligent midgets of the horse world 
sent out by Dr. Snead, whose judg- 
ment and reliability are matters of 
record, especially in the way of Shet- 
lands. 



Freeport, Minn., May 14, 1909. 
Johnson & Field Mfg. Co., Racine, 
Wisconsin: 
I am very well pleased with the mill 
and will gladly recommend it to any- 
one asking for it. It is too late for 
this season to send you a list of 
prospective buyers, so I'll put that 
off till next fall. 

I am confident that I have the best 
fanning mill in this vicinity. Several 
farmers have seen the mill, and all 
agree that they have never seen a 
mill that could anywhere's compete 
with this one, both for rapid and per- 
fect cleaning. 

WM. WENKER. 



BEST HOG AND CATTLE WASH. 

As well as Dip for Sheep is Coop- 
er's Liquid Dip. Mixes readily with 
hard, brackish, alkali or salty water 
and is instantly ready for use, requir- 
ing no addition whatever other than 
water. 

It is three times stronger than or- 
dinary liquids, its concentrated form 
greatly reducing the expense of 
freight, storage, etc 

It is much cheaper than the crude 
coal-tar, carbolic and tobacco Dips, 
and no dearer even than Lime and 
Sulphur Its effect is always benefi- 
cial to the animal, its wool or hair. 
It does not stain the fleece. 



AGRICULTURAL 
LIME. 

PLAIIM ROCK 

OR 

SHELL LIME 



BAGB OB BULK 



SPECIAL FINE HYDRATED LIME 

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If in the market for any grade and 
any quiiatity of 

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Write for our pricelist and particnlars, 

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NOBFOLK, • • • • VA. 



Heiskell's Ointment 

and 

Medicinal Toilet Soap 

Do skin eruptions, pimples and 
blotches spoil your good looks and make 
you unhappy ? 

HEISKELL'S OINTMENT will cure 
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HEISKELL'S MEDICINAL TOILET 
SOAP, used daily, will keep your skin 
like a baby's. 

Both are vegetable compounds- 
one a healer, the other a preserver. 

Send a postal for a new booklet of 
general interest 

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A Great Discovery. 
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circulars, testi- 
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free trial treat- 
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Atlantn, Gn. 




FUMA 



kills Prairie Dogs, Wood- 
chucks, Gophers and 
Grain Insects. "The wheels 
of the Gods grind ilow, 
but exceedingly small." So the weevil, 
but you can stop their grind with 

FUMA CARBON BI-SULPHIDE 
a-3 others are doing. It fumigates 
poultry houses and kills hen lice. 
Edward R. Taylor, Penn Yan, N. Y. 



Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



705 



SILAGE FOR SWINE. 

The testimony concerning the value 
of silage as a food for swine is con- 
flicting, both favorable and unfavor- 
able reports being at hand. Many 
farmers have tried feeding it to their 
hogs, but without success. On the 
other hand, a number of hog raisers 
have had good success with silage, 
and feed it regularly to their swine. 
It is possible that the difference in 
the quality of the silage and of the 
methods of feeding practiced explain 
the diversity of opinions formed con- 
cerning silage as hog food. Accord- 
ing to Professor Cook, Colonel F. D. 
Curtiss, the great American authority 
on the swine industry, states that sil- 
age is valuable to add to the winter 
rations of our swme. Mr. J. W. 
Pierce, of Indiana, writes in regard to 
silage for hogs: "We have fed our 
sows, about twenty-five in number, 
for four winters, equal parts of en- 
silage and corn meal put into a cook- 
er and brought up to a steaming state. 
It has proved to be very beneficial 
to them. It keeps up the flow of 
milk of the sows that are nursing the 
young, equal to when they are run- 
ning on clover. We find, too, when 
the pigs are farrowed, they become 
more robust and take to nursing much 
sooner aud better than they did in 
winters when fed on an exclusively 
dry diet. We also feed it to our sheep. 
To sixty head we put out about six 
bushels of ensilage." 

In feeding silage to hogs, care 
should be taken to feed only very 
little, a pound or &o, at the start, 
mixing it with corn meal, shorts, or 
other concentrated feeds. The diet 
of the hog should be largely made up 
of easily digested grain food — ^bulky, 
coarse foods like silage can only be 
fed to anvantage_ in small quantities, 
not to exceed three or four pounds 
per head per day. As in case of breed- 
ing ewes, silage will give good results 
when fed with care to breed sows, 
keeping the system in order anl pro- 
ducing a good flow of milk. 

The foregoing article appears on 
pages 159 and 160 of "Modern Silage 
Methods " a 224-page book published 
by the Silver Manufacturing Company, 
Salem, Ohio. Every reader of this 
paper should read their ad. on an- 
other page. 



Greene Co., Ill, March 4, '09. 
I find the Southern Planter growing 
in size as well as interest. I don't 
think I fail to read every article it 
contains. I don't know of any farm 
paper I like any better, and wish you 
much success. W. P. STRUNK. 



Spottsylvania Co., Va., Mch. 13, '09. 

I have been farming for thirty 
years and have taken the best agri- 
cultural papers for that length of time 
and find the Southern Planter is more 
practical for Virginia than all the 
other papers I have taken. 

W. M. THORBURN. 



The Oldest Established Agency 
In Northern Virginia 

Farms-Near-Washington 



30. 135-acre dairy farm on railroad, close to station, in Loudoun county: 
has been a dairy farm for twenty years. Thie owner, on account of old 
age, offers to sell everything', including ten good cows, five horses, all farm 
implements and crops for about $8,50 o. There are stanchions for twenty 
cows In new barn, recently built, according to health regulations. The land 
is under a liigh state of cultivation, fine fruit, lasting stream running through 
place, 7-room house and all necessary outbuildings. The farm and crops, If 
sold at once, $7,000. Bargain. 

3b. 82 acres 1% miles from Southern Railway, in Loudoun county. Eight 
acres In timber, good clay soil, springs and streams, good house of 8 rooms, 
with fruit and shade trees, good barn and necessary outbuildings. A good 
farm and a bargain. We think $6,000 will buy it. On easy terms. 

41. 264 acres, four miles from station, in Loudoun county. Thirty acres 
in timber, artesian well, three never-failing springs; 7-room house, barn and 
outbuildings fair. A fine stock farm, paying 12 per cent, on investment, in 
high state of cultivation. Price, $6,500; $2,500 down, balance to suit. 

42. 323 acres, in the best section of Loudoun county, surrounded by 
high priced and beautiful farms, 7 miles from railroad, one mile from fine pike, 
one mile from post-office and 2 miles from school; 60 acres in timber, well 
fenced, and divided into nine fields, with water in every field — large stream 
through place. Two good houses, one of 7 rooms and the other of 5 rooms; 
fine tenant house of 4 rooms, 2 new barns, one 35x45, the other 30x40; all 
necessary outbuildings in good condition. This is a fine blue grass stock 
farm, and the biggest bargain we have. Price, $6,500; $2,000 down, balance to 
suit. 

44. 277 acres in good state of cultivation, just rolling enough; in a good 
neighborhood, 5 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county. 70 acres in timber, 
mostly oak; part of It first class; faces on two roads; has been operated as 
a cattle, sheep and hog farm for 25 years. On account of old age the owner 
is offering his farm for much less than its true value; is well fenced, two 
houses in first-class condition, one 10 -room house, the other six rooms. 
Large barn and all necessary outbuildings. Price, $8,000. One-third down, 
balance to suit. This is one of the biggest bargains I have. 

50. 1'71% acres, 3% miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, in high 
state of cultivation. Good house, large new barn; half mile from village. 
This farm is being operated as a stock farm. The owner wishes to sell and 
buy a smaller place. It is well located and surrounded by highly improved 
farms and the best of neighbors. Price $53 per acre, on easy terms. Bargain. 

47. 335 acres, a very desirable farm, in good section of upper Loudoun. 
7 miles from station; 200 acres in grass, 35 acres timber, soil clay loam 
especially adapted to grass; finely watered by springs and running streams' 
well fenced by wire and rail into convenient fields; choice fruit of all kinds' 
14-room dwelling of brick and frame, front of well-shaded lawn- large base-^ 
ment barn and all necessary farm buildings. This will make ' a first-class 
grazing farm. Price $25 per acre. On easy terms. 

77. 300 acres, 3 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, in a high state 
of cultivation, well fenced, plenty of fruit, running streams and springs; on 
pike, fine, large Colonial house, lawn and shade, large new barn with ba.se- 
ment, necessary outbuildings. This is considered one of the best stock farms 
in the county, and a bargain. Price, $63 per acre; $61 has been offered for 
this place worth $100, on easy terms. The biggest bargain in Loudoun county. 

CI. 212% acres in Fairfax county, 1% miles from rail, 7 miles from elec- 
tric line; 2 miles from thriving town on two public roads, 30 acres in timber, 2 
miles of woven wire fencing, rest stone and rail; 7 fields with spring in each, 10 
acres in fine orchard. Good stone and brick house of 10 rooms with bath; hot and 
cold water in kitchen, two porches, well located in grove of trees; good barn 
with basement for forty cows and seven horses, all necessary outbuildings. 
This farm is surrounded by good neighbors in a nice section. Price $11,000. 
Make us an offer. 

88. 841 acres 5 miles from Herndon, over good roads; one mile from 
pike; 200 acres In timber, part of It extra good; land rolling and well drained; 
convenient to schools, churches, stores, etc. Three sets of buildings, two 
houses, barn, etc. In good condition. This place Is especially adapted to 
stock raising, and is cheap at $23 per acre. $6,500 down, balance to suit. 

The biggest bargain in Fairfax County. 

SEND FOR JiEW SPRING tlST, 

A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, 
HERNDON, VIRGINIA. 



ro6 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTEE. 



[July, 



RARE BARGAINS 

IN 

Northern Virginia Farms 

A Few Specimens: 

No. 172. Contains 31B acres — 40 acret 
In oak and hickory timber; 5 mlle» 
from station, 'situated near the village; 
considered one of the best wheat and 
grain farms in Fairfax county. The 
land is a little rolling; machinery can 
be run all over it. The land is all In 
good state of cultivation; well fenced 
and watered by springs and running 
streams. Improvements are a good 7- 
room house with elegant shade, good 
stable and all out-houses in good re- 
pair. Price ?20 per acre. 

No. 194. Contains 175 acres, 25 acre'J 
In good timber, balance is cleared, 8 
acres In orchard in full bearing, go«d 
six-room house, old barn, good gran- 
ary, hen houses, dwelling in a grand 
oak 'shaded lawn, spring at house, 
farm watered by streams and springs, 
situated on good pike. One hour"* 
drive from Leesburg, Va. Owner !■ 
anxious to sell. Price $3,500. 

No. 208 — 600 acres Loudoun Blue 
Grass land, 8-room brick house. In good 
repair, farm well fenced, elegantly 
watered, excellent bank barn, good or- 
chard, fine timber. Price $25.00 per 
acre. 

No. 201 — 406 acres, Loudoun Blue 
Grass farm 8-room brick and frame 
dwelling, elegant repairs, excellent 
barn 40x100, water in every field, well 
fenced, good orchard. Price $10,500. 

No. 202 — 475 acres. Blue Grass land, 
small 5-room house, land is good, well 
fencea, excellent water, good small or- 
chard, excellent situation, but build- 
ings are only fair condition. Price, 
$9,000. 

No. 209. — ^206 acres, beautiful little 
Loudoun County farm, 6-room dwell- 
ing, beautiful shaded lawn, water In 
all fields, good fences, land is sm.ooth 
and level, good barn and outbuildings. 
Price $6,500. 

No. 210. — 273 acres, Loudoun blue 
grass land, well located in grazing 
section, excellent orchard, well wat- 
ered, 6-room house and outbuildings 
in fair condition. Price $13.50 per acre. 



Write for complete description of 
these properties and Catalogue of 
other places. 

Wm* Eads Miller, 

HERNDON, VA. 



ABOUT BUYING A WAGON. 

A mistake in buying is a costly 
mistake. A wagon is used so much 
that it must be strongly built and it 
must be made of good materials. 
There are machines a farmer may try 
to economize on, but the wagon is not 
one of them. 

The better plan in buying a wagon 
is to get at once right to the root ot 
the matter and decide to buy some- 
thing known to be standard. In this 
connection we might mention the 
Weber and Columbus wagons which 
are sold everywhere by local agents 
of the International Harvester Co. of 
America, or the New Bettendorf steel 
wagon sold by the same Company. 

Our advice is not to look for a 
"bargain" in a wagon. Be willing to 
pay a fair price and insist on quali- 
ty. That course insures satisfaction 
months and years after the purchase 
is made and the paint and varnish 
have begun to wear off. It is the 
course that will save many a repair 
bill which makes the real cost of the 
"cheap" wagon much more than you 
bargained for when you made the 
purchase. 

A wagon of known dependability, 
bought for a fair price, from the re 
sponsible local agent of a responsi- 
ble company is the one that will 
prove to be the true bargain. Cata- 
logues setting forth the merits of the 
wagons mentioned above can be had 
from International local agents or by 
writing to the home office of the Com- 
pany at Chicago. 



BALING PRESSES AND THEIR 
USES. 

Any one interested in the baling in- 
dustry should write to P. K. Dede- 
rick's Sons, 55 Tivoli St., Albany, N. 
Y., for a copy of their recent cata- 
logue, which is sent to any address 
absolutely free. This booklet con- 
tains a lot of interesting facts about 
baling presses, and also sbows that 
the high prices realized in the mar- 
ket for baled hay, straw, etc., depend 
very largely upon the appearance and 
make-up of the bale. 

The baling presses built by this firm 
cover a broad range of purposes and 
are noted for their superior construc- 
tion, great endurance and consistent 
operation. This fact is not to be won- 
dered at when it is remembered that 
P. K. Dederick, the founder of this 
firm, was the man who invented the 
baling press, and first introduced it 
in this country and abroad. 

Before you buy a baling press it 
will pay you to write for this cata- 
logue, and learn of some one particu- 
lar Dederick Press exactly adapted to 
your special needs. 



CRITTENDEN'S 

VIRGINIA 

Real Estate 

and 
Loans Office I 



Unimproved land at $10. Im- 
proved lands at $25 per acre and 
upwards. Loudoun Is not the 
Best CoTinty in the State; but it 
is better than the REST in many 
respects. 

If you wish to locate a home, 
or buy any other property, ad- 
vise me as to your wants and I 
will send you SPECIAL DE- 
SCRIPTIONS that will please 
you. All Propositions Guaran- 
teed as Represented. 

Del S. CRITTENDEN, 

Ashburn, LoudounlCounty, Va, 



MARYLAND 
VIRGINIA 

FARMS NBAR W^ASHINGTON. 

Unsurpassed as money-makers; beat 
place on earth for farmers, dairymen, 
stockmen or poultrymen; mild climate, 
best marketa in country; highest 
prices; no such word as "Fall" for In- 
dustrious man. Big bargains here now. 
3,500 places to select from. Catalogue 
free. 
THB SOTJIiS: CO., Washington, D. O. 

Largest Farm Dealers In the Sonth. 



Old Virginia Farms. 

Climate and Productiveness unex- 
celled. Largest sale list In the State. 
For full particulars and Free Cata- 
logue address 

CASSELiMAN * COMPAlTr, 
RICHMOND, VA. 



Wake Co., N. C, April 10, '09. 
The Southern Planter is an A No. 
1 agricultural magazine, full of good 
news. J. B. TISDALE. 



THE PENINSULA SECTION 

Our farmers made JlOO per acre clear 

from early potato crop season of 1908. 

This Is the coming section. Write us. 

PIEDMONT AND TIDEWATER liAND 

COMPANY (Inc.), 

Box P, W^IIIIamsbnrg, Va. 

FARMS. 
Mineral and Timber liands. 

Free list on application. 

W. A. PARSONS & CO., 

1S27 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 

Davis Hotel Bldg. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



707 



FIRST IN TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. 
V isio Remedy Ass'n, 193 Wabash 

Ave., Chicago. 

Gentlemen: — During my twenty- 
five years experience as an owner of 
horses and a close observer of them, 
1 have never before considered it pos- 
sible to publicly recommend any par- 
ticular remedy above all others, but 
what I have seen your eye remedy — 
Visio — accomplish- compels me to 
break the rule. 

Your Visio has absolutely cured my 
horse of Periodic Ophthalmia after he 
had three acute attacks of the dis- 
ease and the eyes are as perfect as 
ever and free frpm any defect. 

I used one bottle of Visio on a sad- 
dle horse which had an attack of 
moon-blindness and the curative result 
was immediate. 

I cheerfully recommend Visio to 
any one having a horse with any de- 
fect in the eyes. 

Yours truly, 

R. C. GUNNING. 
Eliott Stock Farm, Waukegan, 111. 



IMPORTANT TO CATTLE FEEDERS 

Experiment stations and individual 
investigators are giving farmers and 
cattle feeders some new ideas about 
raising cattle, greaty to their profit. 
There is more to the business than 
the simple act of giving each animal 
sufficient quantity of grain and fod- 
der twice or three times a day. 

The great point to be considered is 
not so much grain and fodder, as 
how to make grain and fodder digest 
up to the maximum capacity of the 
animal. This is possible, and it is 
done by the use of a digestive tonic 
given in the daily ration — a method 
of feeding known among stockmen 
as "The Dr. Hess Idea." 

Dr. Hess, himself a farmer and 
feeder, recognized the importance to 
the cattle industsy of such a prepara- 
tion. It was evident to him — and 
every man who handles cattle to-day 
Icnows the same fact — that the great- 
est losses in the feeding business 
come through lack of appetite, digest- 
ive breakdown or some other form 
of stomach and bowel trouble. Hence 
Dr. Hess argued that a tonic contain- 
ing elements everywnere recognized 
as beneficial, would greatly lessen this 
costly trouble and be a positive form 
of economy. Dr. Hess Stock Food 
was the result, and thousands of feed- 
ers can testify that it has saved 
them a great deal of money, to say 
nothing of annoyance and trouble. 



Davidson Co., N. C, April 8, '09. 
I have been reading the Southern 
Planter for five ytars and I get a 
great deal of information out of it 
and much pleasure and comfort. You 
teach good up-to-date practical, 
money-making farming and live stock 
raising and many good things that 
pertain to this. I wish you luck and 
plenty of it. W. B. MEARES. 



The Oldest Established Real Estate Agency in Northern Virginia 

Northern Virginia Farms 

AND 

COUNTRY HOMES 

Near Washington, D. C. 







A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, Herndon, Va. 

JOHN F. JERMAN 

HEADQUARTERS FOR 

VIRGINIA PROPERTY 

Main Office, Fairfax, Vn.; Branch Office, Vienna and 1316 I St., N. VV., Wash, D. C. 

If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, ooultry or blue grass farm, 
city or village property, it will pay you to send for 80-page catalog. It Is full 
of bargains. It contains all kinds of business propositions. It will pay you to 
buy a farm near the capitol, where you have good markets, and the benefit 
of steam and electric R. R. service. 

My catalog is free to you. 

I am always ready to show property, and try to help my clients make a 
good investment. 

My Blotto la "Honesty and Fair DeallngrS'" 

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



708 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Attention 

HOMESEEKERS AND INVESTORS. 

Send for my Map and new Catalogrue 
showing and describing this section of 
Northern VIrglna, and a complete list 
of all property now on the market, 
consisting of Grain, Grass, Dairy, 
Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry, and Blue- 
grass Farms, Town and Business 
Places. 

I claim and can prove that this sec- 
tion shown by my miap, has advant- 
ages over any other part of the State. 
It Is not only beautiful and healthy 
but is productive and progressive, and 
very accessible to "Washington and 
Alexandria cities, by rail and pike 
which gives all "producers a fine home 
market. 

I am not a broker or speculator, I 
bring the buyer and seller face to face, 
I have no speculative Interest what- 
ever in any property. My business Is 
wholly on commission which Is paid 
by the seller. 

References furnished In my Cata- 
logue. If you can't come, write. 

W. H. TAYLOR, Herndon, Va. 



Convenient To 
RICHMOND AND WASHINGTON. 

Virginia FARIVIS 

Best Railroad Service and Climate. 

150-A. Large brick dwelling, run- 
ning water, land in a high state 
of cultivation. Beautiful location, 
3 miles from railroad. $6,000.00. 

197-A. Dwelling, barns, etc. 
$2,000.00 

425-A. Five miles from Rich- 
mond, in dairying section. Dwell- 
ing, saw-mill, etc., to go with the 
property. $8,000.00 

FRANK H. COX 

Ashland, Hanover Co., Va. 



A CHARMING OLD VIRGINIA HOME 
In Albemarle Co., 540 acres, 150 being 
rich loTT grounds. Timber and river 
bonndary. Colonial style brick dTrell- 
Ingj some modern equipment and In 
first class condition. All necessary out- 
bnildings. Extended and beaatlfnll? 
shaded lawn. Magnificent views. Sta- 
tion one mile. Great hunting territory 
close by. Price $25,000. 

Illustrated Register tree. Also 

handle timber and mineral lands, 
H. W. HILLEARY * CO., 
Charlottesville, Va. 

Virginia Farms 

MOST SELECT LIST, and in all sec- 
tions of the State. 

FREE CATALOGUE. 
R. B. CHArriN & CO. Inct 

RicHmond, "Va. 

REAI, ESTATE FOR SALE. 

From the Mountains to the Ocean. 
Catalogue free. Loans made on farms- 
Established 1875. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., 
1009 E. Main Street, 

RICHMOND, VA. 
Branch, Norfolk, Va. 

**Iii the Green Fields of Virginia.'* 

Homea for all; health for all; happi- 
ness and independence for all. All 
■Isea of Farms at corresponding prices 
bat ALti reaaoaable. 

MACON, A CO., ORANGE, VA. 



GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 
Salmon Loaf. 
Drain off all the liquid from two 
cans of salmon, pick out the bones 
and skin and pick the fish to pieces 
with a silver fork. Make a pint of 
thick white sauce — a heaping table- 
spoon of butter creamed with two 
heaping tablespoons of flour, over 
this pour a pint of scalding milk, 
stirring it in slowly. Set it in a dou- 
ble boiler to thicken, then cool. Add 
to this two cups of iine stale crumbs, 
pepper, salt and a teaspoon of onion 
juice, three beaten eggs. Mix in the 
salmon, press it into a loaf pan and 
set it in a pan of water in the stove 
and bake half an hour. Turn this out 
and serve hot or cold with either 
white sauce or lemon. Garnish with 
parsley. 

Cold Canned Salmon. 
Keep the cans of salmon on ice un- 
til thoroughly chilled, then empty the 
can and pick up the meat, discard- 
ing the bone and skin. Pile it on a 
dish and garnish with rings of hard 
boiled eggs and curled parsley. Pour 
a cup of mayonnaise dressing over 
the pile, just before the meal, or else 
serve the sauce in a dish separately 
and let each person add it to taste. 
A cup of chopped nuts added to the 
salmon is a delightful addition and 
you may use the bought dressing in- 
stead of the home-made with very 
good results. 

To Cook Belgian Hares with Onions. 
Those who are so fortunate as to 
have a pen of hares will find this 
a choice way to prepare them when 
they are about five months old. Skin 
and draw the hare, cut it into pieces 
and fry on a hot griddle, browning 
slightly on both sides, then take the 
pieces out, put a layer of nice fat 
middling on the bottom of a deep 
pan; then arrange the hare on this, 
and then a layer of thinly shaved 
onions and another layer of the fat 
meat, salt and pepper; pour over this 
enough beef stock, or water, to half 
cover and set the pan into the stove 
to bake slowly for two hours; if the 
water boils out too fast add more and 
add a little thickening to the gravy. 
To Stew Cymlings. 
Peel and boil the young cymlings 
until tender; mash them through a 
collendar and return to the pan; add 
to each pint a cup of rich milk, a 
tablespoon of butter and salt and pep- 
per to taste; boil, and just before 
serving add half cup of cream. 
Fried Cymlings. 
Boil or steam the young cymlings 
until not quite done; let them cool, 
then slice them; sprinkle salt and 
pepper over them, dip in beaten raw 
egg, then in cracker crumbs; fry in 
hot fat turning to brown on both 
sides. These are amost as good as 
fried egg plant. 

Corn Pudding. 
On pint of milk, three eggs beaten, 
a heaping tablespoon of butter, two 
tablespoons of cornmeal, a teaspoon 



— FARMS — 

IN 

Southside Virginia 



$10.00 to $30.00 per acre. 

With buildings, fruit, timber, 
good water, best markets. Level 
land, productive soil. 

Write for our Real Fstate Herald 
with map and full Information. 

PYLiE <& COMPANY, Inc. 

Petersburg, Virerlnla. 



200 ACRE FARM 

FOR SALE 

Situated one mile west of Saxe Sta- 
tion on Southern Railway, improve- 
ments consist of a good 4-rooni log 
house, with other necessary buildings. 
Land strictly first-class. Farm has 
been regularly occupied by the same 
tenant for fifteen years. Wood enough 
can be sold off the place to pay for 
it. The wood can be handled at an 
easy profit of from $1.75 to $2.25 per 
cord. This 200 acre tract is a part 
of the well known Cottage Valley 
Stock Farm. Price, $2,500; half cash, 
balance in two years. 

AVM. M. AV ATKINS, 
Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va. 



FARMS 
For Sale. 



If you want a farm to raise grass, 
grain, stock, fruit or tobacco, buy 
from us. Chocolate soil with red 
subsoil. Address 

W. W. RARNES « CO., 

LAND AND TIMBER AGENTS, 

Amelia Coarthoase, Va. 



Splendid Farms 

Large farm, nice residence and good 
buildings and improvements, (large 
new school building convenient), 
worth $20,000. Small farm, worth 
$4,000. Both within four miles of 
Greenville, in good neighborhoods. 
Team, stock, improved farm imple- 
ments and year's seed, feed, etc., with 
each. See them during summer while 
crops growing. Address P. O. Box 311, 
Greenville, N. C. 



Excellent Farm 

For Sale; 424 acres, 12 miles from 
Richmond, and 4 from trolley; will 
sell in part or as whole; easy terms. 
GEO. W. HUNT. Meadow, Va. 

Tell the advertiser where vou saw 
his advertisement. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



709 



of salt, or more, a tablespoon of 
sugar,, the corn from six good ears 
of tender corn; pour into a pudding 
dish and bake forty minutes. 

To Cook Lima or Butter Beans. 

Shell the beans and one hour be- 
fore dinner throw them into a kettle 
of boiling water; keep them boiling 
until dinner time then drain off the 
water and dress them with butter, 
pepper and salt and half a cup of 
cream with a teaspoon of flour dis- 
solved in it. Boil up once and serve. 
Boiled Cabbage. 

Cabbage cooked this way may be 
eaten by the most delicate person 
without any bad effects. Quarter and 
wash the heads; let them stand in 
cold water until an hour before din- 
ner. You must have all ready boil- 
ing a pot of water with a good piece 
of middling in it; put the cabbage 
in, cover and let it boil hard for an 
hour. When you put in the cabbage 
add a small pod of red pepper, and 
just before you take it off add a tea- 
spoon of soda. Serve very hot, and 
always have Irish potatoes to eat 
with it. 

Chow Chow. 
. One peck of green tomatoes, four 
large heads of cabbage, twenty-four 
large onions, four dozen cucumbers, 
full grown, two pints grated horse- 
radish, two pounds of white mustard 
seed, two ounces celery seed, one tea- 
cup of ground pepper, one teacup of 
turmeric, two ounces stick cinnamon, 
two pounds brown sugar. Cut the 
vegetables in small pieces and 
sprinkle a pint of salt through them. 
Let them stand for several hours, 
then put them in a bag and let them 
drip all night. Cover with hot vine- 
gar and let them stand for two days, 
then add a box of ground mustard 
and put on the stove in a granite ket- 
tle and simmer for three hours. Pack 
away in stone jars and it will be 
ready for use in two months. 
Pickled Blackberries. 

One pound of sugar, one pint of 
vinegar, one teaspoon of allspice, one 
of cinnamon, one of cloves, one of 
nutmeg. Boil these for fifteen min- 
utes, then put in three quarts of firm 
not overripe blackberries. Let them 
stay on the stove and simmer but not 
boil for twenty minutes more, then 
turn into glass jars; fill full and screw 
up at once. 

Currant Wine. 

This recipe is said to have been 
copied from one used by Mrs. Gener- 
al Lee. Three pounds of brown su- 
gar to every squeezed gallon of cur- 
rants; a gallon of water to every gal- 
lon of juice, two gallons of water if 
the juice is scarce. It is better to 
put it into a wine cask, and let it 
stand one year before drawing it off. 
Jam Cake. 

Two-thirds of a cup of butter, three 
eggs, one cup of sugar, three table- 
blespoons of buttermilk, two cups of 
flour, one even teaspoon of soda, one 
teaspoon each of cinnamon, nutmeg 



Farms in Northern Virqinia 

DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT. 

Near Washlngrton and Baltimore, and In easy reach of Philadelphia and 
New York. 

Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping facilities. 
Reasonable in price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write \i». 
CliAUDB G. STBPHBNSON, 
(Successor to Stephenson & Ralney, Herndon, Va.) 



Fnrma Listed and Sold. 



THE 



Lilst Your Farm With Us. 



MIDDLE ATLANTIC IMMIGRATION CO. 

Offices: — CartersvlUe, Va., Richmond, Va. 

REAL ESTATE INSURANCE 

Especial Facilities for locating settlers. Send for farm list and other in- 
formation. 



Farms for Sale. 



$16,000. — Contains 346 acres, 50 acres 
timber, balance In blue grass sod, ex- 
cepting: some small crops. Good or- 
chard consisting of standard varieties 
of apple and pear trees. Soil is cecil 
or chocolate clay. Watered with 
mountain springs and streams. Is 
conveniently divided into fields, and 
is substantially fenced with woven 
wire and locust post. Situated right 
at railway station. Incorporated town 
at foot of mountains. Macadamized 
road divides the farm and passes dir- 
ectly in front of lawn and dwelling. 
Improvements: 9-room Colonial dwell- 
ing, one bath-room — hot and cold wa- 
ter in bath and pantry; front and 
back stairway, two halls and recep- 
tion hall; cellar under entire dwell- 
ing, out-kitchen, servants' room, ice- 
house. Dwelling is surrounded with 
large and sloping lawn; delightful 
shade, consisting of numerous varie- 
ties of choice trees. Stone entrance. 
Two large barns, about 40x60 feet. In 
perfect condition; two tenant houses, 
hog house, corn house, chicken house, 
implement house and wood house are 
among the outbuildings. 

MUST BE SOLD TO 
SETTLE AN ESTATE 

$3,500. — Contains 120 acres, 25 acres 
in timber, balance in grass and under 
cultivation. Situated on Potomac Riv- 
er, 3% miles of railway station. In 
Loudoun county, Va. Is well fenced 
and conveniently divided into fields. 
Improvements: Eight-room dwelling, 
porches, shade, large lawn; new barn 
20x26 feet; ^spring house, garden, 
small fruits. 

$3,200. — Contains 90 acres, all clear- 
ed, and directly adjoins 120-acre farm 
above described; is without Improve- 
ments; situated right on Potomac Riv- 
er. 



Send for my Catalogue of Northern 
A'lrginla farms. I ^vould be glad to 
see you at my place by appointment. 

GEORGE W. SUMMERS, 

Real Estate and Loan Broker, 

Sterling, Va. 



PLANET JR. IMPLEMENTS. 

Backed bv over thirty-five years' ex- 
perience and 2,000.000 users. 1909 
illustrated catalogue free. 

S. 1.. ALLEN & CO-, 
Box 1107X, Philadelphia. Pa. 



SOUTHERN 

POULTRY 

GUIDE 



This Is Cal Husselman's great 
Poultry Book, Just oft press. It 
Is freely Illustrated with num- 
erous useful and handy home- 
made accessories to the poultry 
business. It contains his 40 
years' experience as a poultryman 
It Is the best poultry book evier 
printed and just what you want. 
It contains more plain, every- 
day common sense about th« 
chicken business than you ev^er 
read. 120 pp., cloth bound. Prlc«T 
We will almost give It to you. 
Just send $1 and we will enter 
your order for the book and 
throw In a year's subscription to 
The Southern Planter. 

SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
Richmond Va. 



FOR SALE. 

208 Acre Farm 

Good land, good dwelling, prettily 
located, apple orchard. Corn, flour 
and saw mill on the place; fine water 
power. Twelve miles of Charlottesville. 
Seven miles of Palmyra, a depot on 
the Virginia Air Line Railway. Spe- 
cial offer for thirty days. .$2.2.'j0.00. 
VIRGINIA LAND AGENCY, 
Pnlmyrn, Va. 

VIRGINIA FARMS 

near Washington City, convenient to 
the great Northern markets, suited 
for stock, dairy, poultry, fruit truck- 
ing and general farming purposes; 
Washington City improved, unimprov- 
lands. Write for catalogue. 
NICOL & RANSDELL, 
Box S. P., Manassas, Va. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



710 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Send your order for 

Crimson Clover 

cow PEAS 



AND 



Soja Beans 

TO 

Diggs&Beadles 

"THE SEEO MERCHANTS" 

1709 East Franklin St. 
RICHMOND, - = VA. 

Branch Store 603 and 605 Bast 
Marshall Street. 

We are headquarters for su- 
perior Seeds of all kinds. 
GRASS and CLOVER SEEDS. 

Garden and Flower Seeds, Cow 
Peas, Field Beans, Sorghums, 
Millets and all seeds of the 
highest quality and germination. 

Write to-day for our free cat- 
alogue and price list. 

Your Correspondence Solicited. 



Petersburg Seed House 

SEEDS 



OUR 



GROW 



NEW CROP TURNIP SEED NOW READY 
GERMAN CLOVER 



W. GROSSMAN & SON 

SEEDSMEN 

1 1 Bollingbrook St. PETERSBURG, VA. 



CAPPS PEACH 

The most desirable new variety; 
bears heavy crops when Elberta fails; 
carries to market in perfect condition 
which commands better prices than 
other varieties; awarded gold medal 
at St. Louis for being largest and 
handsomest peach on exhibit. 

Apple, peach and pear trees, sweet 
potato plants. Write for circular. 
E. W. JONES NURSERY CO., 
AVooillawn, Vn. 

BULLETIN 26. 

Sent Free, "How to Keep Away 

Chicken Lice and Mites," 

BY ONLY ONE APPLICATION A YEAR 

Successfully Used Upward of 30 Years. 

Curbolineum 'Wood-PreservlnK Co., 
346 West Broadway, New York, N. Y. 



and allspice, one cup of berry jam put 
in the last thing. Bake in layers. 
White Cake. 
One and a half cups of sugar, half 
cup of butter, three-fouiths of cup cf 
milk, whites of four eggs beaten dry, 
two cups of flour, one and a half cups 
of baking powder. Bake in a loaf. 
CARAVEN. 



ABSORBINE FOR DISTEMPER. 

There have been so many changes 
in the weather the past tew weeks 
that possibly some of your horses 
have taken colds, and are now suf- 
fering with distemper. If so, try Ab- 
sorbine and Young's Fever and Cough 
Remedy. The Absorbine massaged in- 
to the swollen glands will help to 
break down the formation, and force 
a deeper circulation of blood in the 
affected parts. The Fever and Cough 
Remedy will clean out the poisons 
from the system and tone up the 
membranous linings of the throat 
and lungs. Write for further infor- 
mation. Absorbine, $2.00 a bottle at 
druggists, or delivered postpaid. 

W. F. Young, P. D. F., 109 Temple 
St., Springfield, Mass. 



THE REVOLUTION OF THE PEA- 
NUT INDUSTRY. 

Peanuts are being grown more ex- 
tensively every year, and still the 
ever increasing demand cannot be 
met. Why? Because the public is on- 
ly beginning to realize the importance 
of the nut. 

Peanuts are easily grown, find a 
ready market at good prices, the 
vines make splendid hay, and it is a 
splendid soil improver. Being the 
equal of cowpeas and clover in this 
respect. 

In regard to the peanut as a soil 
improver, we quote Prof. Burkett, of 
Raleigh, N. C: 

"Were you to examine the roots of 
the peanut plant, you would find a 
wart-like or knotty growth the size 
of a pinhead, or a little larger that 
plays such an important part In the 
life history of this plant. These wart 
like or knotty growths are really the 
homes of the bacteria that gather the 
atmospheric nitrogen and convert in- 
to a form available to plants. These 
organisms that live in the root tu- 
bercles gather the nitrogen from the 
air, and furnish it without cost to the 
plant. In this way, the total amount 
of nitrogen often acquired is often in 
excess of analysis showing it to be 
present and available to the soil. Thus 
the tubercle bearing crops, like the 
cowpea, clover and the peanuts are 
soil improves. For this reason it is a 
profitable crop for the farmer. It 
should be remembered that the man- 
ner of harvesting the peanut lessens 
the soil-improving value.. This is be- 
cause the stored-up and newly gath- 
ered nitrogen is in the tubercles in 
the roots. When harvested these tu- 
bercles are dug up with the nut, and 




tHE OLD RELIABLE 

LANBERT5 

DEATH TO LICE 



is the "real" article that has stood the 
test for 25 years. Has no superior for 
destroyine lice. It .saves the hens and 
increases Poultry Profits. Try it and 
be convinced. Sample 10 cts. If your 
dealer cannot supply you, send us his 
name. "Modern Poultry Problems" 
mailed for 2c stamp. 

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO., 

421 Traders BIdg., - Chicago. 



ILUIDDIP 

CHEAPksT. PUREST AND BEST FOR 

SHEEP. HOGS & CATTLE 



A positive remedy for scab, mange, ticks, 
lice, ringworm, eczema, sores, stings, etc., and 
all disinfecting purposes. One gallon makes 
120 to 130 gallons of liquid. Always uniform and 
mixes readily with any wnter. Price for gallon 
can. $1.75—5 gallon can, $8.50. If dealer can't 
supply you send to 

Purcell, Ladd & Co., -Richmond, Va., or 

Wm. Cooper & Nephews, 177 Illinois St., Chicago 



MINOR'S FLUID 

SHEEP AND HOG DIP. 

Its use permitted In official dipping' 
Low prices on Dipping Tanks. 

Testimonials and circulars for the 
asking. 

W. E. MINOR & CO., 
Sll J.ons Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. 



niSaveYou$SO 

On a Manure Spreader 
^if You'H Let Me -s 

This is just a little ad— but a postal will bring my Big 
Book— and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special 
Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad- 
vertisement as if it coveted a page. 

My Spreader positively will do better workandlast longer 



than any Spreader made — no mat' 
ter what the price— so why pay $50 
more? 20,000 farmei 5 havMB 
stamped their O. K 
my spreader and money, 
saving price. My Special 
Proposition will interest you. 
Just a postal addressed to Gal- 
loway ol \V.iterloo, Iowa, will' 
bring you everything postpaid. 

Will You Pay a Penny For 
The Postal and Save 950.00? 
Address Wm. Calloway, Preit. 

WM. CALLOWAY CO. 
_ 21 9 Calloway Sta. Waterloo, la, 



Freight 
Paid 




NATU RAL 
Fine Ground Phosphate 

The Re iable Land Builder 

AV'hen breaking your stubble or clo- 
ver sorts this summer or fall be sure 
to apply NATl'BAI. FINE GROUND 
PHOSPH.\TE. Applied then, the suc- 
ceeding four ye;ir;j crops will be in- 
creased 25 to 75 per cent., at not ever 
a cost of $1.25 per acre per crop. Our 
free booklet tells all about it, and 
shows that leading agricultural ex- 
periment stations confirm this state- 
ment. Write now. Agents wanted. 

Address, 
Farmers' Ground Rock Phosphate Co.. 
Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



711 




TTqfithe old, reliaWo, standard remedy 
.•BsSmore'LVall Cure" «"'[. beware of 
Imitafions Evorv t;omiine package Dears 
he'abovl trade niVk of '^\*",^vorl.mK horso 
and it vou are not satisfied after using ii. 
acoordins to dlreetions, dealers are author- 
ized to refund your money. 

Bickmore's Gall Cure 

cures open sores, cuts and abra-ions of 
everv description promptly and speedilv. 
noes notlnterfere with working the animal. 
T^ it San,p°e Free and nickmore's New Horse Book 
il you'll send 6c for packine and postase. 

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO. Box 935. OLD TOWN. Walna 



SANA-VET. 

THE BEST CURE FOR 
HORSES. 

Rapidly heals galls, cuts, sore 
shoulders, mange, etc. Best remedy 
known. Cure guaranteed. 

Try free sample. 

SANITARY CHEMICAL CO. 

Dept. 14, American Bldg., 
Baltimore, Md. 






THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS 

that make a horse Wheeze, 
Roar, have Thick Wind, or 
Choke-down, can be re- 
moved with 



45S0RBrNE 




or any Bunch or Swellintr 
No blister, no hairl 
gone, and horse kept ai^ 
vork. $2.00 per bottle, de- 
li ver-d. Book 3 D free. 

ABSOKBINE,JK.,foi- 
mankind. $1.00, delivered. Reduces Goitre, Tumors, 
Wens. Varicose Veins, Ulcers, Hydrocele, Vr,rico- 
eel*'. l^ook free. Made only by 

W. F. VOUNG, P. D. F., 109 Temple St., Springfield, IVIass. 

FELHEH'S NICOTINE 

Stonincli-AVorni Remedy 

Composed of two parts; 
one part dissolves in the 
.stomach, the other in 
the intestines. Guar- 
anteed to stop loss 
from worms. 

Price 12.50 per box of 
75 do.ses, prepaid. 
W. A. Felker Mfg. Co., 
Qniiicy, IIIinoLs. 





Onickly and positively cured in less 
'Man three weeks with one applica- 
tiou of 

ADAIM'S RAPID LUIHP JAW CURE 

Easy to use. Written GUARAN- 
TEE accompanies each bottle. 
Don't delay hut write today for 
Ireo circular. Dept. 27. 
CAdams M(g. Co., Algonaja. 




DEATH TO HEAVES 

Mowtnn'c H<'n.e,Coneh4 

>Q Guaraoli-cd or Honpj Rack. 
;?(1*« $1.00 per can, at dealers, or 

Express Paid. 18 Vrs' Sale. 

THE KEWTOX KEHEUY CO. 
Toledo, Ohio. 



unless returned to the soil, the accu- 
mulated nitrogen is lost." 

The Value of the Vines as a For- 
age Crop. — The vines make excellent 
hay, being remarkably full of nutri 
ment. 

We are just beginning to realize 
their great value as a forage crop, ani 
are harvesting the crop earlier, befoie 
the frost nips the buds and spoilt 
them for feed. In fact, they try tc 
secure most of the crop for forage be 
fore the leaflets drop, as the leaflet 
is the best part of the vine. 

With the increasing scarcity of la 
bor, and the high wages paid fo; 
help, the profits from the peanut? 
were small, notwithstanding the in 
creased demand. The question re- 
solved itself into either abandoning 
the ]ilanting of peanut crops or the 
introduction of improved methods for 
harvesting that would cut down the 
cost of production. 

First, in the planting of the crop. 
Other planters were used with incM 
ferent success, but a planter made ef 
pecially for planting peanuts has been 
placed upon the market with highly 
gratifying results. 

The main cost of the production of 
the peanut has been the digging anc 
harvesting. A machine was badh 
needed that would dig and harvest the 
crop. Such a machine would double 
and treble the profits from the crop. 

Such . a machine has at last been 
perfected, and is being used by num- 
bers of progressive peanut growers in 
the South. The machirie is made b> 
the American Peanut Harvester Cor- 
poration, Petersburg, Va. 

This machine digs the peanuts from 
the ground, shakes them and piles the 
nuts with one operation. A boy with 
one of these machines can do the 
work of seven men, snd do it better. 
The machines are simple, strongly 
built, and are giving excellent satis- 
faction. 

Moreover, they are so constructed 
that they can be regulated to cut the 
root just above the nodules contain- 
ing the bacteria, thus retaining them 
in the soil. These bacteria are worth 
from $1.00 to $3.00 per acre as a fer- 
tilizer. 

Their use makes the peanut one of 
the most profitable crops to be grown. 
In fact, the live farmer can soon make 
a machine of this character pay for 
itself. 

We prophesy that it is the begin- 
ning of a revolution of methods in 
the planting and harvesting of pea- 
nuts. 

To all growers who may be inter 
ested in harvesting with a machine 
we give the following information. : 

Plant your peanuts in uniform rows 
not less than two and a half feet 
apart. Work well and lay by on a 
uniform ridge, taking care not to 
leave bumps in the middle of the row. 
Plant two or three rows parallel to 
fence or ditch for convenience in 
turning at tl e end of rows. 



Wmn-mntmd to Civo Smtlmfmollon^ 

Caustic Balsam 




! 



Has Imitators But No CompBtitors. 

A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for 
Curb, Splint. Sweeny, Capped Hock, 
Btrainea Tendons, Founder, Wind 
Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, 
Ringbone and other bony tumors. 
Cures all skin diseases or Parasites, 
Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes all 
Bunches from Horses or Cattle. 

■As a Human Remedy for Rheumatism, 
Sprains, Sore Throat, etc.. It la Invaluable. 

^very botUe of Caustic Balsam sold Is 
Warranted to give satisfaction. Price $1,50 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for 
Its use. t^Send for descriptive sircul&ri*, 
testimonials, etc. Address 

Th« Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 0. 



!■ 



■PVftJ 



Moon Blindness 

"VISIO 

Wonderful 



CAN BE 
CURED 




Discovery 

DISEASES of the EYE 
successfully treated with 
this NEW REIMEDY. 

AN ABSOLUTE CURE 

for Moon Blindness, (Ophthalmia), Con- 
junctivitis an<l Cataract, Shying horses 
all suffer from diseased e,ves. A trial will 
convince any horse owner that this remedy abso- 
lutely cures defects of the eye, irrespective of the 
length of time the animal has been alHIcted. No 
matter how many doctors have tried and fnlled.ut-e 
■•VISIO," use It under our GUARANTEE; your 
money refunded if nnder directions it 
does not effect a cure- "YOU PAY FOR 
RESULTS ONLY." 1S3.00 per bottle, 
postpaid on receipt of price. 

VIslo Remedy Ass'n., 1939 Itfabasti Ave., Chicago, III. 



USE CRAFT'SDISTEMPERandCOUGH CURE 

A safe and sure pre- 
ventive and positive cure 
for all forms of Distem- 
per, Influenza. Pinkeye. 
Coughs and Colds in 
Horses, Sheep and Dogs, 
50c and SI. 00 at Druggists 
or prepaid. Write for free 
booklet "Or. Craft'sAdvice." 
WELLS MEDICINE CO.. LAFAYETTE, IND. 




n AI^V FI V WIf I PP Pla«ed anywhere, at. 
l-'-rVlO 1 ri-il I\.11-i1.J:<I\ tractsandklllBallflles. 




Neat, clean, ornainea* 
tal, convenient, cheap. 
Lasts all season. 
Made oE metal, cannot 
spill or tip over, will not 
soil or injure anything, 
r.iiaranteefl eifective. 
Of all dealers or sent 

pr^p.tid for L'O cents. 
HAROLD S0MER3 

150 DeKalb Ave. 

Brooklyn, N. 7. 



712 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



McCne's "Rlaslet" 



Barred Plymouth Rocks. 



Again winners In strongest competi- 
tion, Richmond. Dec, 1908, 1st cockerel, 
3d and 5th cock, Bth pullet. Washing- 
ton, Jan., 1909, 2d cockerel, 3d pullet. 
Most excellent layers — large, vigorous 
and beautiful. Good breeding cockerels 
$2.25 to ?5 each. 

Splendid Barsalnn in pulletJ, |1, 
$1.50 and $2 each. Eggs from grand 

yards, headed by prize-winners, $1.60, 
$2, $2.50 and $4 per 15. You may get 
a prize-winner out of one sitting. Sat- 
isfaction guaranteed. 

LESLIE H. McCUE:, 



Box 4, 



Afton, Va. 



S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS 

100% FERTILITY GUARANTEED 

THINK OF ITI 

We are selling our eggs at $6.00 
per 100 and are guaranteeing, not 
80 or 90 per cent, as others are do- 
ing, but every egg fertile. Write 
us and let us tell you what we will 
do to advertise our great egg pro- 
ducers. Same price for a less num- 
ber. 

Eggs for fancy matings a matter 
of correspondence. 

STOCK FOR SALE. 

B, H. GRtTNDY & SON, 
SOO \V. Franklin St., Richmond, Va. 



Glenview Otpingtons, 

S. C. BVFFS EXCLVSIVELV. 

I win not sell any eggs for hatch- 
ing next season. If you want some of 
the best stock of Orpingtons In the 
South, BUT NOW. Prices reasonable. 
State your exact wants. 
B. S. HORNE, Keswick Va. 



VALLEY FARM 

Barred Rocks, 
S. C. B. Leghorns. 

My choice breeders for 
sale to make room for 
growing stock. 

CHAS. C. WINE, 
Mt. Sidney, Va. 



EGGS, EGGS. 

From Taylor's White Wyandottes. I 
am still booking orders for eggs. Prize 
pens, $2 for 15: other pens $1.60 for IS. 
Almost booked up, so send orders at 
once. 

R. RANDOLPH TAYLOR, 

Hickory Bottom Ponltry Farm, 

NEGROFOOT, VA. 

K. F. D. No. 2. Beaver Dam, Va. 




TO MAKE ROOM 

For mv young stock I will offer 
some of my choice AVHITE PLY- 
MOUTH ROCK YEAR-OLD HENS in 

any quantity to suit at $15.00 per 
dozen. Also a few male birds to 
spare, from $2 to $10 each. Order 
direct from this ad. Eggs, $1.00 for 
15; $4.00 per 100. 
C. M. AVALKER, HERNDON, VA. 



For High Grade, Pure Bred 

Black Langshans 

WRITE TO 
A. M. BL.\CK, Tazewell, Va. 



HINTS BY MAY MANTON. 
Embroidery worked onto the mate- 
rial is being extensively used on lin- 
gerie blouses this season and it is al- 
ways charming in effect. This blouse 
includes a yoke which can be made 
either with the square Dutch or the 
high neck. In the illustration the ma- 
terial is handkerchief lawn and the 
trimming is lace insertion, while the 
sleeves are cut off to three-quarter 
length. All the pretty muslins of the 
season are appropriate, however, and 
as the model can be utilized for the 
entire gown as well as for the separ- 
ate blouse, it becomes available for 
the pretty figured lawns and batistes 
and the various inexpensive printed 
wash fabrics as well as for white 
muslins. 




6348 Lingerie Blouse, 32 to 42 bust. 
Embroidery Pattern 416. 

The blouse is made with the yoke, 
and the full front and back portions, 
which are tucked and joined to its 
lower edge. The sleeves are in one 
piece each, with the seams so ar- 
ranged as to be nearly invisible, and 
can be made either long or in three- 
quarter length. When the high neck 
is used, a regulation stock collar 
makes the finish. 

The quantity of material required 
for the medium size is 4 5-8 yards 21 
or 24, 3 yards 32, or 2 3-8 yards 44 
inches wide, with 3 yards of banding 
and 2 yards edging. 

The pattern 63'48 is cut in sizes for 
a 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, and 42 inch bust 
measure, the embroidery pattern 416 



Bargain Sale 

WHITE WVaniDOTTE HEIVS 

at $1.50 and $2. 

each. All this year's breeders must go 
to make room for young stock. This 
is a rare opportunity to get the best 
for practically nothing. Special price 
on large orders. 

EVELYN HEIGHTS FARM., 
W. W. Thomas, Prop., Catlett, Va. 

ROSE COMB 

Rhode Island Red 

Eggs from prize-winning stock for 
sale, 15 for $1, or 3 sittings for $2.50. 
L. E. SMITH, Appomattox, Va. 

MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER 

Blackstoue, Va, 

Pure-bred R. C. Rhode Island Red 
iSggs for hatching. Stock for sale. 

MAKE THEM YOURSELF. 

BROODERS &TRAP-NESTS 

Inexpensive, simple to make, absol- 
utely reliable. 

One Trap Nest (model) $1.50. ' 
Complete illustrated Brooder Plans, 
Twenty-five Cents. Address 
R. O. BERG2R, 
16 N. 20th Street, Richmond, Va. 

Virginia's Premier Rival 
117<^83 

A blue ribbon winner at Va. State 
Fair, 1908. He Is one of the Grea't 
Boars of the Berkshire Breed, Is not 
only a splendid individual but has 
proven himself a wonderful breeder. 
His pigs are large, even size no 
"runts" fine length, full of quality 
with best of Berkshire heads. Anyone 
in search of a top boar pig to head a 
good herd, write me. My pigs are 
out of large prolific sows of best 
breeding. Prices reasonable and stock 
must please you. 
E. F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Va. 

QUALITY 

Poland - CKinas. 

Lest you forget we have the beat 
breeding and Individuals in P. C. blood 
In Virginia at farmers' prices. Toung 
pigs and bred sows "the best ever." 

A son of the "King of Them All" at 
head of our herd. Write us your wants. 

H. B. BUSH & BRO.. 
Mlchanx, Powhatan Co., Va. 



TAM'WORTH PIGS. 

From Registered Stock of Fine 
Breeding. 

Knowle of Cook Farm BOS 7 at 
head of herd. Sire 2nd prize boar 
at Royal Show, Eng., 1907., Dam, 
1st prize gilt at same sh*w, 1907. 

VOLNBY OSBURN 
Blnement, LondoiiB Co. Va. 



200,000 

VINELESS. SOUTHERN QUEEN 

and Pumpkin Yam Sweet Potato Slips, 

75c'. per 1,000. Immediate shipment. 

HICKORY SEED CO., 

Hickory, N. C. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



713 



An Extra Fine Lot of 

REGISTERED SHROPSHIRES 



FOR SALE. 




Seven 2-year-old Rams, an extra 
fine lot, well wooled, good size, $18 to 
$20. 

Five yearling Rams, good Indi- 
viduals, good sized and well marked, 
$15 to $20. 

Ten ewe Lambs. $12 to $15: 20 Ram 
Lambs, $12 to $15; 20 Ewes from one 
to five years old, $15 to $20. 

All of th.e above stock is registered, 
or will be, for purchaser. 

Place your order early and get first 
choice. Five per cent, off above prices 
if taken before August 1st. 

A selection will be made, and sheep 
kept for purchaser upon deposit of 
one-fourth purchase price. 

All prices F. O. B. Chestertown. 
Satisfaction Guaruntccd or Your 
Money Refunded. 

H. R. GRAHAM, 

Chestertown, Md. 

EDGEAVOOD STOCK FARM. 

DORSETS 

I still have some choice Nov., Jan., 
and Feb. lambs left; better this year 
than ever. Will be pleased to quote 
you prices. Remember my lambs are 
from large strong boned ewes and 
have blood from the best flocks In 
this country and England. I am pre- 
pared to furnish grade ram lambs 
at ten dollars f. o. b. Let me hear 
from you; I can please you. Address 
H. H. Arbnckle, 
MaxTvelton, W. Va. 

DOR.^ET ^HEEP 

I have to offer, this season, some 
verv fine Dorset Rams; prices in reach 
of all. 

SAMUEL T. HENINGER, 
Burke's Garden, Va. 

\VOODLAlVD FARM 

DORSET SHEEP 

We have a few real Flock Headers 
in Rams, and a few splendid young 
ewes, which we offer at reasonable 
prices. 

CHARLES B. WIIVG, 

Successor to J. E. Wing & Bros., 

Mechanicsburg, Oliio. 

PURE-BRED 

SHROPSHIRES 

Yearling Bucks and Lambs, well 
wooled, close, blocky fellows; best 
for early lambs. 

SIIFFOLKS. 

Bucks, Lambs, Yearlings and Two- 

Year Olds for sale, cheap to close out 

T. C. DICKERSON, 

Route 3, Staunton, Va. 



in one size only, and will be mailed 
to any address by the Fashion De- 
partment of this paper on receipt of 
ten cents for each. 

Especially designed for bordered 
material. To be worn with or with- 
out a Kuimpe. 




Please mention the Southern Planter. 



6350 Girl's Dress, 8 to 14 years. 

The simple little uress that can be 
worn with or without a guimpe as 
the occasion demands is one sure to 
be wanted during the warmer months. 
This one is made with the blouse and 
skirt joined by means of a belt and 
is closed invisibly at the back. In 
the illustration the material is one of 
the pretty, inexpensive, printed wash 
fabrics woven with a border, and this 
border has been cut off and applied 
as trimming but any seasonable ma- 
terial can be used with banding of 
embroidery or lace, of contrasting 
material or braid, or, indeed, anything 
that fancy may suggest. The square 
Dutch neck and the short sleeves 
are extremely fashionable as well as 
eminently comfortable for a warm 
day, but should there be need of 
warmth, a guimpe can be worn be- 
neath. Lawn and batiste are charm- 
ing so made, but the simpler cham- 
brays and ginghams are equally suit- 
able, so that the dress becomes ap- 



. REDLAND 
FARM 

OFFERS FOR SALE 
Three Red Poll Bull Calves, from 
three to six months old; 
Eight Yearling Shropshire Euck.-3; 
Two-year-old Shropshire Bucks; 
One fine old Registered Buck, an 

excellent animal, raised by Oak- 

leigh Thorne, Esq. 

A. A RON SEAY, Manager, 

Carter's Bridge, Albemnrlc Co., Va., 



PURE BRED 



DORSET RAM 

LAMBS FOR SALE. 



C. E. JONES.. 



CARYSBROOK. VA. 



FIVE NICE 



SOUTHDOWN BUCK 

Lambs For Sale. 
G. W. PATTESON. Manteo. Va. 



THOROUGHBRED 

BERKSHIRE BOARS, 
JERSEY BULL CALVES, 
DORSET BUCK LAMBS. 

Sire of calves, FLYING FOX, 65456, 
son of Flying Fox, who sold for 17,500 
at the Cooper sale, 1902. 

All stock in best condition and guar- 
anteed as represented. 

F. T. ENGLISH, CentrevlUe, Md. 



TAMWORTHS. 

The lean bacon hogs — pigs, bred 
«ows, and service boars, all regl«- 
tered and of best blood. 
BERKSHIRES. 

Fine pigs and service boars en- 
titled to registration and of blue 
ribbon stock. Am out of Poland- 
China pigs at present. 
J. C. GRAVES, BarbonrBvUle, Va. 



DUROC 
JERSEY 
SWINE 

Best Blood. Nothing but the best 
individuals offered for breeders. 

W^ARREN RICE, Vaaclnse Sta., Va. 
Frederick County. 

MEADOW BROOK FARM 

FOR SALE — Choice 
lot of large 
YORKSRIRE PIGS 

males and females, 
not akin, from 
America and Eng- 
land's best breed- 

J. D..Thuuiiis, :'r!ix». 
Round 11 ill, Va. 




Please mention the Southern Planter. 



714 



THE SOUTHER]^ PLANTER. 



[July, 



Horses and Mules 
at a Bargain. 

One handsome black mare, 5 years 
old; extra fine driver, with plenty 
of stvle, beautifully shaped; easy 
to keep; works well everywhere. 

One light bay mare, 5 years old, weight 
about 1,050 lbs., height 15% hands. 
Gentle enough for a family horse. 
Handsome and stylish enough to 
please the most fastidious. 

Cne mahogany bay mare, 6 years old, 
weight about 1,000 lbs., height 15% 
hands. A reliable worker anywhere. 
A handsome and stylish driver. 
These animals' are all fine brood 
mares and will be bred free of charge 
to superb Hackney stallion. They 
are all home raised with good blood 
In them and will be sold under a 
full written guarantee. 

One pair of well matched black horse 
mules, 2 years old, blocky and well 
shaped. This pair of fine two year 
olds will be sold at a special bar- 
gain if bought at once. 

One beautiful Bay Saddle and Har- 
ness aiare, five years old, 900 pounds. 
Stylish and fast. Superb Lady's 
Saddler. 

WTII. M. WATKINS, 
Saxe, Charlotte Co., Va. 



HACKNEYS 



For Sale: 4 year old Chestnut Stallion, 1st. 
prize as a 3 year old; three 2 year old Stall- 
ions; some fine fillies, elegantly bred, by 
such horses as MatcHless Dane and 
Ba^'Horpe Sultan. 



Aldie Stud and Stock Farms 
ALDIE, VA. 




SADDLERS. 



We are making special prices on 
fifteen high grade Saddle Mares; also 
Mule Mares, for the the next sixty 
days. If you want a saddler of any 
description, write us. 

J. F. COOK & CO., 
Lexington, Ky. 

TAVELVE PINE 

JACKS 

From three to six years old for sale 
at reasonable and accommodating 
terms or will exchange for mules. 

H. C. LESTER, Martinsville, 

Henry Connty, Va. 

FOR mORGaiV COLTS 



and FlUles and High-Bred Fox Houii« 
Puppies. Address, 

Dr. JOHN D. HASSBNOILI4. 
BIountTlUe, Tcajk. 



propriate for both morning and after- 
noon occasions. 

The dress consists of the skirt and 
the blouse. The blouse is made with 
front and back portions, but the skirt 
is straight and laid in backward 
turning plaits. The sleeves are short 
and in one piece each. 

The quantity of material required 
for the medium size (12 years) is <i 
yards 24, 4 5-8 yards 32, or 3 1-2 yards 
44 inches wide, with 8 yards of band- 
ing or 8 yards of bordered muterial 
24 inches wide. 

The pattern 6350 is cut in sizes for 
girls of 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of 
age, and will be mailed to any ad- 
dress by the Fashion Department of 
this paper on receipt of ten cents. 



A JOURNAL OF EASTERN 
TRAVEL. 

On November 17th (1905) we were 
invited to the Imperial Garden Party, 
which is considered the finest chrysan- 
themum show in the world. A few 
days beforehand, a page brought our 
invitation, printed in gold, with Jap- 
anese writing, and stamped with the 
Imperial crest, kiku-iro-mon, the 16- 
petalled chrysanthemum. Translated 
the card read: 

"The Emperor and Empress com- 
mand the Minister of the Imperial 
Household to invite you to Akasaka 
Palace on November 17th, at 2 P. M., 
thirty-eighth year of the meiji. 

Official duty or sickness is no ex- 
cuse for absence." 

This event became the absorbing 
topic of the day, and people came from 
every direction to be present. Imag- 
ine, then, the heartburnings when we 
awoke in a pouring rain on the 17th, 
and it was announced there would be 
no official garden party, but it would 
be held unofficially the next day. No 
one had the heart to smile in the 
hotel that day, and many of the in- 
tended guests left iiumediately. 

The 18th was fine weather, and we 
started, unofficially, for the palace. 
Presenting our cards at the gate, we 
were admitted by the guards into the 
grounds, and went forward over the 
velvety turf to the covered trellises 
and arbors, arranged temporarily for 
the flowers. Really they were won- 
derful, though the separate blossoms 
were scarcely equal to the best varie- 
ties our florists raise. They were of 
every shade and kind, and in some in- 
stances, twelve varieties were grafted 
on one plant, and all were blooming 
profusely. Some plants were twisted 
over frames into the shapes of birds 
and boats. 

The marvel of the place was a white 
bush, bearing 950 large, perfect blos- 
soms. Many had 400 or 500. The 
company was a representative Japa- 
nese assemblage, including but few 
foreigners. The Japanese ladies and 
girls were very dainty and sweet, and 
exquisitely draped in crepe kimonos 
in pastel shades, with richly embroid- 
ered obis or sashes. They wore no 



PREMIER BERKSHIRES 

The large, lengthy, growthy kind. A 
fine lot of pigs, bred from flrst-clasa 
sows, ready for April delivery; prices 
right. B. P. Rock eggs $1 for 15. 
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va. 

OVROC-JERSEY and TAMWORTH 

SWIiVB. 

Sterling Stock Farm, 

R. \V. ^^'ntMon, Petershnrg, Va 

CHESTER WHITES. 

Best hog on earth. I am now booking 
orders for spring pigs Please let me 
have your orders. Satisfaction guaran- 
teed. 
S. M. WISECARVER, RostborK. Va. 



I Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshire*. 
C. Whites. Large strains. All 
[ages, mated, not akin. Bred 
'Sows, Service Boars, Guernsey 
^Calves, Collie and Beagle Pups 
and poultry. Write for prlcef 
and circular. 

P. F. HAMILTON, 
SrCochrnnvlIXe, Chester Co. Pa. 




PINEHURST 

BERKSHIRES 

Fifty (50) Berkshire Hogs for sale. 
The best blood in the country. 

Send for catalogue and price list. 
LEONARD TUFTS, Pinehiirst, N. C. 



Devon Herd Established 1884. Hamp- 
shire Down Flock Established 1880. 

DEVON CATTLE 

BULLS AND HEIFERS, 

HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP, 

RAMS AND EAVES. 

ROBERT J. FARRER, Orangre, Va. 



In^leside Herefords 

Polled and standard bred — 200 head 
!n herd. All ages, both sexes. Write 
for catalogue and prices. Inspectloli 
Invited. Farm near Alderson, W. Va., 
on C. & O. R. R. Address. 
%. W. Andemon, Blaker Mills, W. Va. 



Elkton Stock Farm 

Breeders of pure-bred, registered 
Hereford Cattle and Berkshire Hogs 

Young stock for sale at all times 
at reasonable prices. All statements 
and representations guaranteed. 

Forest Depot, Virginia. 



Walnut Hills Herd. 

Twenty-flve Registered Angus fe- 
males and two bulls for sale. 

J. P. THOMPSON. Orange, Va. 

LOOMIS, 

"THE HOLSTEIN MAN". 

offers to a quick buyer, at a very low 
price, one high bred Registered Hol- 
stein Male, born May 25, 1909. A grand 
individual, but too dark for fancy 
market. Will be sold at a sacrifice. 
Write at once. 

J. B. LOOMIS, Richland, N. Y. 



1900.] 



THE SOUTIIERX PLANTER. 



KILL 

UCE, MITES, TICKS 

And other Dangerous Parasites on ANIMALS and FOWLS with 

Black-Draught Disinfi 

LICE KILLER & DIP 



Non-Carbolic. Aromatic. Non-Poisonous. 

Standardized. Concentrated. Safe 

and Reliable. Try it. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS 



BLACK-DRAUGHT STOCK MEDICINE CO., Chattanooga, Tenn. 



pj>j 



"PRACTICAL FARMING" 

Prof. W. F. Massey's latest and best 
book Is now on sale. It retails for 
J1.50, and Is worth It. We shall be 
very pleased to send you a copy at 
above price and will Include a year's 
subscription to The Southern Planter. 
Remember, we deliver the book and 
give you a whole year's subgscrlptlon 
for the price of the book, $1.50. 
SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Vm. 

RED POLLS 

Somehow we can't supply the de- 
mand for our Red Polls. Wish to 
thank our patrons for their kind 
words. All cows and calves sold up 
to date. Will book orders for calves 
this fall. 

We will sell one prime Herd Bull, 
a grandson of Magiolini; no better 
Herd Bull in Virginia. 
H. B. Arbnckle, Mnxwelton. W. Va. 

JERSEYS 

Combination and Golden Lad. For sale 

46 Cows, 6 Heifers, 25 Bulls. 

S. E. NIVEN, Landenberg, Pa. 

A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



hats, but shaded their faces from the 
sun with a fan. The girls had their 
hair elaborately dressed in high puffs, 
like a fan or a butterfly, with coral 
or shell ornaments in it. Married 
women draw their hair softly back 
from their faces. 

The men were in regulation Euro- 
pean clothes, with top hats. The offi- 
cers were in uniform, with their or- 
ders. All were lighthearted and smil- 
ing. We were greatly struck with 
their extreme courtesy and sweet 
ways towards each other. They would 
bow several times, most profoundly, 
in greeting a friend, and I doubt not, 
made the most polite speeches to ac- 
company the bows, only we could not 
understand them. The usual foreig- 
ners' ball on the Emperor's birthday 
was omitted this year, owing to the 
pressure of war debts, but we cele- 
brated the event by going with a Jan- 
anese officer to the Kabuzika Thea- 
ter to see an old historical play which 
began at ten in the morning, and 
lasted until midnight. The attendance 
was large, and servants were kept 
busy checking the shoes which were 
left at the door, and piled up nearly 
to the ceiling. We could not under- 
stand the play, nor our friend's ex- 



$1.00 

3 the bigthree S 
the southern planter 

Richmond, Va., 50c. a year. 

Southern Fruit Grower 

Chattanooga, Tenn., 50c. a year. 

THE INDUSTRIOUS HEN 

Knoxville, Tenn., 50c. a year. 

These three monthly publications 
will be sent for one year for only 
¥1.00. Address, 

SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
Richmond, Va. 



Fairfax Co., Va. April 1, '09. 
The Southern Planter is the best 
paper I ever read and well worth the 
money. If more farmers would take 
its advice they would be better off. 
FRANK T. NEVITTE. 



716 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



Want ads. 



Rates 2 cents per word. Cash with 
order. Initials and figures count a'a 
one word; 25 ents minim^um charge. 

POUIiTRY, ETC. 

YOUNG COCKERELS, SINGLE COMB 
White Leghorns. Not the ordinary 
kind, but aristocrats; March and 
April hatched. We need the room, 
and are compelled to sell one hun- 
dred of these young cockerels. Be- 
ginning July 5th, we will dispose of 
them at 75 cents each .two for $1.25. 
These birds will be worth from $1.50 
to $5.00 three months later. If you 
need extra choice breeders, avail 
yourself of this opportunity. Ster- 
ling Poultry Yards, Box 626, Staun- 
ton, Va. 



BERKSHIRE PIONEER POULTRY 
Yards offer Golden Penciled Ham- 
burgs, White Crested Black Polisli, 
13 eggs, $2; Salmon Faverolles, 13 
eggs, $3; Silver Spangled Ham- 
burgs, Partridge Wyandottes, Black 
Breasted Red Game Bantams. Cor- 
nish Indian Games, Pearl Guineas, 
White Guineas, Pekin Ducks, In- 
dian Runner Ducks, 13 eggs, $1. 
Circular, A i2. Parsons, Berkshire, 
N. Y. 

WANTED TO SELL ON ACCOUNT OF 
moving, 50 S. C. Brown Leghorn 
and 50 Buff Plymouth Rock Hens 
at 75c. each: 3 White Holland Tur- 
key Hens, $2 each; 1 Tom, $3; 5 
Mammotli Pekin Ducks, $4. All of 
above stock pure. Mrs. M. I. Stod- 
dard, Roxbury, Va. 



RARE BARGAIN IN BREEDING PENS 
of the following breeds: Light and 
Dark Brahmas, Whie and Barred 
Rock, R. I. Reds, White, Buff, Sil- 
ver Lace, Partridges and Columbian 
Wyandottes. Eggs reduced; 25 var- 
ieties. Write your wants to-day. 
Clarence Shenk, Luray, Va. 

BARGAIN— TO REDUCE MY STOCK, 
offer rare opportunity to buy Pure- 
Bred R. C. Rhode Island Red and 
S. C. White Leghorn Cockerels, 
hatched April 1st. A. B. Burrus, 
Ford wick, Va. 

WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS FROM 
pure-bred, prize-winning and trap- 
nest stock. Sitting 15, $1. Jno. Stokes 
Prop. Farmvllle Poultry Yards, 
Farmville, Va. 



WHITE WYANDOTTES OUR SPECI- 
alty. 20 eggs from best pure-bred 
and bred to lay strains, $1. Special 
price. Sunny.side Farm, Jonesville, 
Va. 

FOR SALE— WELL COLORED ROSE- 
Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerels, 
four months old, at $1 each. Mar- 
garet Moncure, Rectory, Va. 

SOME NICE WHITE WYANDOTTES 
for sale. O. O. Harrison, Mt. Ulla, 
N. C. 

LIVE STOCK. 



FOR SALE— THREE CHOICE ANGUS 
Bull Calves, 10 Cows, 8 Heifers, 
Choice breeding, mostly Prince Ito 
blood; 5 Hackney brood mares, 2 
Yearling Fillies. 5 trotting bred 
Mares, 1 Yearling, 1 2-vear and 2 
3-year Fillies, all high class racing 
blood, and should go fast; 2 Geld- 
ings, 1 and 2 years; 1 Clydesdale 
Stallion, 2 years; 1 trotting bred 
Stallion; Don Piza 27060. one of the 
best Sows of the great Gambetta 
Wilkes. Myer & Son, Bridgevllle, Del. 



TAMWORTH SERVICE BOAR AM- 
berdale 5427 for sale. Farrowed 
April, 1908. A good individual 
of good l>reeding. He is re- 
lated to most of my sows, or would 
keep him for own use. If sold tliis 
month, price $45. S. Graham Smith, 
Dixondale, Va. 



ONE AND TWO YEAR OLD RAMS 
by Davidson's 1825, which cost me 
$65 as a weanling; will sell him 
now for $100; ram lambs from $8 
to $10; yearlings, $10 to 12, and 
two-year-olds, $12 to $15. Edward 
Ray, Route No. 5, Danville, Va. 

SEVERAL YOUNG REGISTERED AB- 
erdeen Angus bulls. Sired by Gold 
Nugget 26957, who was never beaten 
in the show ring, at farmers' prices. 
David I. Jaynes, Massaponax, Va., 
Member of the Aberdeen Angus 
Breeders Association. 

FOR SALE— HIGH GRADE RED POLL 
Cattle, Calves, $25; Yearlings, $30; 
Fresh Cows, $5 0. To exchange High 
Grade Red Poll Cattle for second- 
hand 6 H.-P. Gasoline Engine, 
Horses, Colts or Mules. O. C. 
Hooker, Amelia, Va. 



PONIES — SEVERAL SHETLAND AND 
others for children, well broken. One 
pair matched roan mares, 6 years, 
kind; single and double. J. M. Cun- 
ningham, Brandy Station, Va, 



FLEETFORD FARM, BEDFORD CITY, 
Va., I am offering a few choice 
Berkshires from registered stock at 
reasonable prices. Dr. M. A. Croc- 
kett. 

FOR SALE — TEN DUROC BOARS 
and lot of pigs eligible to register, 
at the right price. Look up my poul- 
try ad. on another page. C. L. 
Shenk, Luray, Va. 

FOR SALE, TWO SHORTHORN COWS, 
age five and 7, also a nice Red Hei- 
fer, two years old. All stock reg- 
istered. Apply to A. T. Booze, 
Springwoo.1, \a. 

REGISTERED PERCHERON MARES 
in foal or with foal at foot. Blrdwood 
Stock farm, Blrdwood, Va. 

FOR SALE REGISTERED JERSEY 

Bulls from one to two and one-half 
years old; also two fine Heifers. Ad- 
dress Riverside Park, Morganton, 
N. C. 

WANTED FOUR TO SIX REGISTER- 
ed Yearling Shorthorn Heifers, from 
good milking strain. Must be good 
ones at reasonable prices. Address 
Box 1, Somerset, Va. 

LARGE YORKSHIRE HOGS, RED 
Polled Cattle and Hampshire Sheep, 
best of breeding at bargain prices. 
W. E. Stickley, Strasburg, Va. 



TO REDUCE FLOCK, TWELVE PURE 
bred Shropshire Ewes for $60, if 
taken in one lot. Address P. S. 
Hunter, Loretto, Essex Co., Va. 



LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS, PAIRS NOT 
related, and Hampshire Sheep, Rams 
and Ewes. Best breeding. J. D. 
Thomas, Round Hill, Va. 



DORSETS AT FARMERS PRICES. — 
Yearling Bucks, $15; Ewes, $12; 
Buck Lams, $10; Ewe Lambs, $8, 
f. o. b L. P. Nelson, Culpeper, Va. 

FOR SALE— SEVEN MONTHS' OLD 
Jack Will sell cheap. Apply to 
A. C. Horsley, Warminster, Va. 

BERK SHI R.E GILTS FOR SALE 
Shipped on approval. J. W. Adams, 
Addison. Va. 

PURE BRED SHROPSHIRE BUCK 
for sale, to avoid inbreeding; price, 
$10. T. J. Fitzgerald, Chatham, Va. 



TAMWORTH BOAR PIGS. CHOICE 
ones only offered. Three and four 
months at $10 and $12 each. Eli- 
gible to registry. Lusty, growing 
fellows. TAMWORTH blood for 
growth, large litters and fine meat. 
I shall sell only the VERY GOOD 
for breeding. The others you can 
buy later as hams and bacon; but 
they will cost you more. S. Graham 
Smith, Dixondale, Va. 



DORSET BARGAINS — REGISTERED 
and grades. Exceptional prices to 
prompt buyers. H. Armstrong, Box 
244, Mt. Jackson, Va. 

FOR SALE — REGISTERED PERCH- 
eron yearling stud colts. Blrdwood 
Stock Farm, Blrdwood, Va. 



YORKSHIRE PIGS 7 WEEKS OLD, $6i 
Berkshire pigs 7 weeks, $5. L. B. 
Johnson, Charlottesville, Route 4, Va. 



DOGS, PET STOCK, ETC. 



WANTED — TO BUT ALL KINDS 
Wild Birds and Animals, particularly 
Tame Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Peafowl, Otters, Red Foxei 
Gray Squirrels, Partridges, Pheas- 
ants, Beaver. State price when writ- 
ing. Dr. Cecil French, Naturalist, 
Washington, D. C. 

FOR SALE— TWO MALE BULL TER- 
rier Pups, three Male and Two Fe- 
male Beagle Pups. All about four 
months old, and pedigreed stock. 
Dr. C. T. Smith, Croxton. Va. 

FOX, DEER, COON AND OPOSSUM 
hound's and pups, $3.50 to $15 each. 
For bargains write me. E. F. WU- 
mouth, ShelbyvlUe, Ky. 



$25 BUYS A PAIR OF BEAUTIFUL 
English Setters, ten months old, well 
grown and nicely marked. H. L. 
Hayes. Bealeton, Va. 

FOR SALE — T WO PEDIGREED 
Great Dane Pups, seven months 
old. Male. $25; female, $15. S. C. 
Wolcott, Dixondale, Va. 



PURE-BRED BELGIAN HARES. 
Some nice stock for sale. Write for 
particulars. Tillman E. Jeter, Paces, 
Va. 



THREE SHEPHERD PUP S — TWO 
males, one female. Driving stock. 
$5. .Tack Word. Christiansburg, Va. 

REAL ESTATE. 



FOR SALE— A VERY FINE FARM 
near Ringgold, Va., Pittsylvania 
county, six miles of Danville, Va., in 
a fine tobacco section. Soil very 
suitable for raising cattle. Con- 
tains 257 acres, three good dwelling 
houses, tobacco barns and other out- 
houses, all in good repair; has plenty 
of wood: also half interest in a fine 
Water Power Grist Mill and Saw 
Mill, and 50 acres of land. This 
mill has plenty of water, three good 
dwelling houses and stables. In a 
good section of country to buy grain. 
Convenient to the City of Danville, 
with a big sale in meal and flour. 
Bargain to quick purchaser. Apply 
to Fred S. Clarke, Rin.ggold, Va. 



FARMS FOR SALE. TWO EXCBL- 
ent Farms In Lunenburg County 2% 
miles south of Victoria on the Vir- 
ginian Railway. One contains 209 
acres, eight room dwelling, neces- 
sary outhouses. The other contains 
333 acres good low grounds with 
two streams running through It. 
For full Information apply to John 
Stokes, Farmvllle, Va. 



WANTED— TO RENT. A PRACTICAL 
Farmer wants to rent a farm in 
Virginia not too far from transpor- 
tation faciities. Will rent for cash 
or shares. Address, M. P., Southern 
Planter. 



190i^. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



717 



REAL ESTATE — (Continued). 



FINE ESTATE FC'R SALE — THREE 
sets of handsome buildings; resi- 
dences contain 10, 9 and 8 rooms; 
five other settlements. Beautiful sit- 
uation, good grazing and farming 
land, 1,200 acres. Will divide. Price 
|25; close to town. A. H. Clement, 
Appomattox, Va. 

FOR SALE, 9G 1-2 ACRES GOOD LAND, 
all cleared, well watered, station 
naif mile; Wahingrton forty miles. 
IMake an excellent dairy farm. Will 
sell at bargain. Apply to L. W. 
Peters, Catlett, Va. 

FOR SALE OR RENT 300 ACRES GOOD 
grain, grass and tobacco land — ricli 
soil, good buildings and orchard; 
Bracey, Va., tliree mies. J. V. Lamb- 
din. Invermay, Va. 

CLENDENING AND THOMAS, REAL 
Estate Agents, Round Hill, Loudoun 
county, Va. Large list of farms and 
town property in the famous Val- 
ley, ranging in price from $10 per 
acre and upwards. 



FOR SALE — FLOUR. GRIST AND 
saw mill, water power, $3,000; third 
cash, one and two years, 20 per cent, 
investment: also 75-acre farm ad- 
joining; high school one mile. Wal- 
ker & Coleman, Stevensville. Va. 

WANTED TO BUY A SMALL FARM 
in Southside Virginia or Nortliern 
North Carolina. Price must be low. 
Will pay cash. Address "Small 
Farm," care Southern Planter. 

WANTED TO EXCHANGE CITY LOTS 
In Gulfport, Miss., for Shetland 
ponies, collies, blood hounds, or 
fancy poultry. J. D. StodghlU, Shel- 
byville, Ky. 

FINE FRUIT LAND. 94 ACRES CLOSE 
to R. R., 650 trees set. Will make 
fine summer home that will soon pay 
a handsome dividend. W. H. Adkins, 
Swoope, Va. 

20-ACRE HOME, TWO HOURS DRIVE 
from Washington; new buildings; 
soft water, springs, brook, bargain. 
Correspondence solictied. A. Jeffers, 
Burke, Va. 



FOR RENT ON SHARES, DAIRY 
Farm, 204 acres, one mile from sta- 
tion, liberal terms. Linden Farm, 
Calverton, Vs 

WE CAN SELL YOUR PROPERTY. 
Send description and price. North- 
western Business Agency, Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota. 

POSITIONS HBLP. 

WANTED— POSITION AS FARM MAN- 
AGER. Have liad sixteen years ex- 
perience in Virginia and the West, 
and tlioroughly competent to handle 
all kinds of crops, stock, machinery 
and labor. Keep all farm accounts. 
Will give best references for ability. 
Address FARMER, care of Southern 
Planter. 

MARRIED MAN WISHES POSITION 
on a gentleman's estate or farm; 
teachable; would like to learn farm- 
ing thoroughly. Painter and paper- 
hanger by trade; wife seamstress. 
Address A. S., Southern Planter. 

WANTED MAN AND WIFE TO TAKE 
charge of a small suburban place; 
comfortable cottage. Address, stat- 
ing wages expected. Box 477, Ricli- 
mond. Va. 

WANTED — RELIABLE TENANT, FOR 
200-acre stock farm in Southwest 
Virginia. References required con- 
cerning industry, management and 
honesty. Write fully to M. care 
Southern Planter. 

WANTED POSITION AS GENERAL 
Manager on farm; good reference, 
years' experience. Address R. T. 
Kibler, Warrenton, Va. 



IMPLE3IENTS, 3IACHINERY, ETC. 

THRESHING MACHINE FOR SALE— 
A new J. I. Case, 18x22 steel en- 
cased wheat thresher and cleaner, 
mounted on 4-wheel steel truck; 
complete. Has never had a sheaf 
run through it. Sent from the fac- 
tory for fair exhibition. The most 
popular size made and the very 
latest improved. In our hands to 
be sold for $200. The factory net 
price to their agents is $275.40. If 
you will ever need a thresher don't 
let this opportunity go by. Ashton 
Starke, Richmond. Va 



ONE 3 H.-P. VERTICAL STEAM EN- 
gine and Boiler in first-class run- 
ning order, with all fi.xtures. Price, 
$75, f. o. b. cars at Haymarket, Va. 
Address John S. Ewell, Jr., Hickory 
Grove, Va. 



FOR SALE. ONE 20-INCH OHIO FEED 
Cutter with 30 feet carrier. Machine 
in good condition and will sell 
cheap. Address Box 192, Richmond, 
Va. 



WANTED SINGLE HORSE HAY CUT- 
ter in good order. State lowest cash 
price. Y. /Ceebee, Simeon, Va. 

SEED, PLANTS, Etc. 

SEED WHEAT "VIRGINIA PRO- 
lific." Smooth, great for the 
South; big yielder. " Malakoff 
Russian Wheat, Bearded, and other 
good kinds. Some "Reds" yet for 
sale. W. Shook, McGaheysville, Va. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



FOR EXCHANGE— MANUFACTURING 
interest up to $10,000, for good 
sandy clay farm (even neglected), 
east of the ririge, south the Ma 
son-Dixon line, and north of Char- 
location, condition, improvements 
and oil consistency and depth; also 
price, to R. B. Leatherman, Delray, 
Fla. 



SHEET MUSIC — ANYONE SENDING 
us the names of five persons that 
play on the Piano, we will send 
them postpaid FREE copy of latest 
Song or Two-step. Southern Music 
Co., P. O. Box 30, Richmond, Va. 



RICHMOND 



-^nnrtWA-Rn & SON, RICHMOND. Va. 
— ~ Lumber, Laths, Shin- 
gles, Sash, Blinds, 
Doors, Frames, 
Mouldings, Asphalt 
Roofing. Yards and 
covering ten acres. 



WHD 



VIRGINIA 



buildini 



SEND ONE DOLLAR AND RECEIVE 
by return mail receipt to kill Lice 
on all fowls, young and old. This 
is not a fake, but a true and tried 
remedy. M. W. Litton, Meadow 
View, Va. 



planation of it, but it was fun to 
watch the people around us. While 
we sat in a box, reserved for foreig- 
ners, with chairs in it, the natives all 
sat below us on the floor, in large 
family groups. They sit through the 
whole performance, and have food 
served to them at frequent intervals, 
from the tea houses outside. The 
men indulged their passion for smok- 
ing either with long cigarettes, or the 
tiny pipe, which gives three whiffs 
only. The women enjoyed the luxury 
of grief, and wept and mopped their 
eyes without ceasing. 

The staging was gorgeous. The 
scene shifters in black cowls, walk- 
ing about the stage all the time. The 
characters were taken by men, as wo- 
men are not allowed on the stage. 
Part of the play is spoken, but the 
innermost thoughts of the actors are 
sung by the chorus. The acting was 
quite impassioned. Once when all 
the actors howled at once, our friend 
told us, "They were speaking a lit- 
tle fun." The programs consisted of 
pictures from the play. 

Between acts we were asked to the 
green room, and were introduced to 



BILTMORE FARMS 



Six Bred Jersey Heifers, due to come in in December and January. Will 
make a close price on entire bunch. 

Prepared to book orders for three and four months old Calves for Sep- 
tember shipment. 

A few Bull Calves out of outstanding cows, and at prices that anyone 
who appreciates good stock can afford to pay. 

Get in your order before it is too late, as we expect to sell them as 
fast as they come along. The Biltmore High Standard and the Biltmore 
Guarantee is behind everything we sell. 

Young Barred Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn Chickens for Sale 

Eggs at marked down prices. 

BILTMORE FARMS 

R. F. D. No. 2, Biltmore, N. C. 



Milton Farm Berkshires 

Herd Bonrs — Premier of Milton 113579; I>uli.e of Kensington, 83040. 

Pigs from 8 weeks to 6 months, $10 and upwards. Mated pairs, $18 and 
upwards. 



JOHN E. MUNCASTER, 



R. F. D. No. 4. ROCKVILLE, MD. 



718 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 




Ft. Lewis Stock Farm 

THE BEST PLACE FOR BLCOD AND REGISTERED 

BERKSHtRES 

White Leehorn, t*ll breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black 
Minorca and Rhorte Island Red Fowls. Eirgs from these 
pure-blooded birds for sale. 

DR. W. L. NOLBN, PROPRIBTOR, SALBM. VA. 




the actors and other interesting peo- 
ple. They spoke very intelligently, 
and asked questions about theaters. 
When we left, they all gave us their 
cards, and asked for ours in return, 
but after a frantic search in our bag, 
we could not find one. We were of- 
ten embarrassed in the same way 
when we forgot the Japanese custom 
of exchanging cards. We were rather 
exhausted at the end of an hour, and 
went to the Maple Club for tea. This 
is the most fashionable tea house in 
Japan, and is famous for the maple 
dance of the Geishas. No heavy boots 
are allowed within it, and the boys 
unlaced ours, and left them at the 
door. When we were settled inside, 
the girls brought us o-cha, (honorable 
tea) with cakes, shaped like red and 
green maple leaves. As we drank it, 
they chatted with us, tried on our 
rings, and did everything they could 
to earn there "chadai," or tea money. 
Later we ventured on a whole Jap- 
anese dinner, served on the floor, on 
a small lacquer tray, and ate fish soup, 
raw fish with soy, rice, chicken and 
mushroom stew, sweetmeats and con- 
diments washed down with hot sake, 
the national drink, brewed from rice. 
It is a light color and of mild fla- 
vor. Though a temperate people, the 
Japanese are all very fond of sake, 
and the servants all demand "sakate"- 
(drink money). 

As we struggled through our din- 
ner with chopsticks a Japanese fami- 
ly nearby were endeavoring to eat a 
foreign dinner with knives and forks, 
and we could not keep from laugh- 
ing at each other. 

The best geisha dancing we saw 
was at a banquet given Admiral Togo 
at the Imperial. A stage was erected in 
the garden for the purpose, decorated 
with masses of exquisite chrysanthe- 
mums. The best dancers in the city, 
in the most gorgeous costumes, post- 
urd stiffly before us, and acted scenes 
representing the different emotions. 
It was more like pantomine than danc- 
ing, and is apt to become monotonous. 
Older girls played the plaintive sami- 
sen and sang. Still others fluttered 
among the guests like gay butterflies 
and contributed much to the success 
of the entertainment. 

In the midst of these diversions 
we thought we had best do a little 
sight-seeing, and some friends, .on 
leaving, turned over to us a guide 
they had employed for the purpose. 
He was a young fellow and told us 
he was a student guide, and bad 
taken up the business to perfect him- 
self in English, as he wished to join 



GLENBURN BERKSHIRES. 



Herd headed by Lord Premier 3d, 96773, Predominant 94342 and Eminent 
Premier 118253. Lord Premier 3d Is a great son of Lord Premier BOOOl and a 
brother in blood to Lord Premier's Rival. Predominant is a very handsome 
son of the grand champion Premier Longfellow 68600 and Eminent Premier 
Is a grandson of both Lord Premier and Masterpiece. Our sows are bred 
along the same lines and are superb individuals. 

Also Forfarshlre-Golden Lad Jerseys. Write for catalogue. 



DR. J. D, KIRK, 



ROANOKE, 



VIRGINIA; 



CHOICE BERKSHIRE PIGS of the BEST BLOOD and QUALITY 

If you want a pair or trio of pigs 
from the best and most prolific strains 
of Berkshlres, write me. My sows 
are of the best blood of the breed, 
being daughters and granddaughters 
of Premier Longfellow, Baron Duke 
the Both, and the noted Huntress. 

Their litters are by my great herd 
boars. Hunter of Biltmore 3d, and 
Earhart's Model Premier. 

These boars are a big, fancy type, 
are of the best prize-winning blood of 
the world and their pigs are the kind that will make you money. 

Let me quote you prices on first-class pigs and ready-for-service boars. 
I ship everything subject to your examination and approval and my prices 
are reasonable. Address, 

D. E. SARHART, BrlstoTV, Va. 




For Sale 

BERKSHIRE GILTS 
JERSEY BU LL 

Forest Home Farm, 

Purcellville, Va. 



HtLLCRtS T FARM BERKSHIRES 




Herd's Iloiirs — Mnster's Compensa- 
tion No. 04346: Sallie Lee's Liist of 
Uiltniore No. 111,687. 

We have some extra g-ood piers, from 
two to six inonths old, and the boar 
pig's are good enough to head any 
herd. 

The above pigs are out of daughter 
and granddaughter of Premier Long- 
fellow, Ma.sterpiece and Lord Premi- 
er and such other noted Berkshires. 

AH stock as represented, or money 
refunded. 
W. R. FKNSOM, Richmond, Va. 



1909.] THE S0UTHER:N' PLANTER. 719 

MORVEN PARK ESTATE 

ProDerty of WESTMORELAND DAVIS, Esq. 

Large White Yorkshire Swine 

THESE ARE THE BACON PIGS OP ENGLAND AND THE WEST. THEY ARE HARDY AND 
PROLIFIC. BOARS AND GILTS FOR SALE. 

Registered Guernsey Cattle. 

THESE CATTLE ARE ESPECIALLY USEFUL TO DAIRYMEN REQ.UIRING HIGH PER CENT. 
OP BUTTER FAT AND FINE COLOR AND FLAVOR OP PRODUCT TO SUPPLY THE BEST CLASS 
OP CUSTOM. 

Bulls Only for Sale 

Registered Dorset Horn Sheep 

THESE SHEEP W^ILL BRING EARLY LAMBS 'WHEN PRICES ARE HIGH. TRY THEM. RAMS 
FOR SALE. 

WE ARE OFFERING A FEAV GRADE DORSET EWES FROM AN ADJOINING FARM AVHICH, 
UPON ARRANGEMENT, CAN BE TOPPED BY OUR PURE BRED BUCKS. THIS IS AN EXCEP- 
TIONAL OPPORTUNITY. 

REGISTERED PERCHERONS 



TWO-YEAR-OLD STALLIONS AND COLTS FOR SALE. 



ALL OF OUR STOCK IS OF THE BEST CLASS, AND FROM STRAINS ESPECIALLY SELECTED 
AND IBIPORTED BY US. 



Pop further particulars, apply to i 

Live Stock Dept, Morven Park Estate 

LEESBURG, LOUDOUN CO., VA 



la 



720 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 




SHEEP 1 1 CATTLE!! 

Improve your farm and swell your bank account by stocking with 
Cattle and Sheep. We are In position to sell you aood breeding Ewes 
and Feeding Lambs, also Feeding Steers, stock cattle and yearlings. 
Now Is the time to buy, and in the spring and summer will sell your 
flit cattle, sheep and lambs at best market prices. We will sell you 
stock that will make you good money. Write us 

McComb & Block 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS 

For Sale of CATTLE, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, CALVES AND FRESH COWS 
Best of reference furnished 
OFFICE AND pens: Established 1890. P. O. BOX 483 

UNION STOCK YARDS. RICHMOND, VA. Phones! Office I394, Residence 3224 



the diplomatic service. He conticled 
to us that he was much disliked by 
the Oriental Guides Association, be- 
cause he was not a i-obber lilie they 
are. He came in the morning, wear- 
ing foreign clothes, but native sand- 
als, and, as a finishing touch to his 
costume, he wore a bright, crocheted 
muffler around his neclc. 

We decided to go with him first 
to the Shiba temples. He carried us 
safely there, and gave a long har- 
angue on them, lapsing from broken 
English into his mother tongue. This 
resulted in our having very confused 
impressions of some of the noblest 
works of Japanese art. He next car- 
ried us to the groves of the forty- 
seven Ronin, whose story is one of 
the most popular in Japanese history, 
keeping alive in the minds of the 
people a respect for harakiri, an an- 
cient and honorable form of suicide 
for official misdeeds. Our guide 
proved so unsatisfactory that we paid 
and dismissed him at the close of the 
day, resolving for the future to de- 
pend on our rickshaw boys. 

The next day we had a splendid 
trip with them to Neno Park, the 
most popular resort of the metropo- 
lis. Leaving our rickshaws at the 
gate, we walked up the broad avenue 
of cherry trees where, in April, all 
Tokyo assembles to see the pink bios-' 
soms. The poet, Motoori, says: "If 
one should inquire of you concerning 
the spirit of the true Japan, point 
to him the wild cherry blossoms, 
shining in the sun." Japan wakes up 
after a raw winter, and takes on new 
life when the cherry buds open. 
Booths and tea houses spring up on 
all sides in Neno where the pleasure 
seekers may rest, drink cherry wine, 
and compose those verses on the ten- 
der passion which they pin to the 
trees in memory of their visit. 

To the left is the Lotus pond where, 
in August, this flower, the Buddhist 
emblem of purity, may be seen in its 
perfection. Truly, Japan (called by 
the natives, Dai Nippon) is the home 
of the beautiful and the land of flow- 
ers. The flower season lasts from 
plum blossoms in March to chrysan- 
themums in November, and next to I 



RKDUCBD PRICKS ON 



BRED BERKSHIRE GILTS 




for next 30 days only. , 

The panic drove hundreds of breed- 
ers out of business. The next tw«lT« 
months will see them tumbling: ftyer 
one another to get back — as the d«- 
mand and prices advance. I staid In 
the boat, kept up my herd and adver- 
tisements, hence am well equipped for 
orders. My Berkshlres are as fine aa 
tlie world can produce. Price In easy 
reach of everyone. Scorei of pigs ready 
for shipment. 



THOS. S. WHITE, 



Fnaalfera Stocfc Farm. 



LEXINGTON, VA. 



T^/^-t* ^£^1^^ Two Well Bred Jersey 

X or Oal6S Bulls, 6 ® 12 months old 

■ Two-year-old and Yearling Guernsey Bulls. 
Two grade Red Polled Heifers, one with Heifer Calf; otlier soon due. 

BERKSHIRE AND YORKSHIRE PIGS 

All in good condition and ready to ship. 

M. B. Rowe ® Co., ''"'Vt^S^"'^' 



IF YOU WANT THE BEST HOG 

Buy from those who giYB their sole attention to the production of the greatest B»rkshlre Type 

VTB DO 

Our herd comprises the most splendid lines of breeding and Individuals 
that money can buy or experience develop in American and English Bred 
Berlvshires. 

"LORD PREMIER OF THE BLUE RIDGE," 103555, the greatest living 
boar, heads our herd. If you are interested, write. 

THE BlilJE RIDGE BERKSHIRE FARMS, ASHEVILLE, N. C. 



JERSEY CATTLE 

I have decided to keep nothing but Registered Jerseys of the very best 
strains — blood that wins both in butter test and show ring. I therefore, 
offer some of my best cows and heifers that are pure blood Jersey, but are 
not registered. Some are out of registered cows and others by registered 
bulls. 

Can furnish Registered Bulls ready for service. 



Evergreen Farms, 



W. B. GATES, Prop., 



Rice Depot, Va. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 




Allandale Registered Jerseys 

FOR sale; 

ABBOT OF ALLANDALE 84697 

Sire, Baronetti's Golden Lad 67908; Dam, Friar's Lucy 171975. Born April 16, 1909. 



T 



HE handsomest young bull we have ever seen. Pronounced by Mr. Spann 
(acknowledged to be a leading Jersey expert) as being the handsomest and 
best shaped calf he knows of. lA beautiful golden fawn with white hind 
ankles and switch (the Golden Fern markings), possessing to an unusual 
degree, beauty of conformation, size and fashionable breeding. l^A certain 
blue ribbon winner at the Virginia State Fair this fall and a young bull fit to 



head a king's head. For particulars address 



Allandale Farm, = Fredericksburg, Va. 



722 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[July, 



ROSE DALE HERD 
ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE 




We offer to the farmers and breeders of the East strictly choice 
Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They 
are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. 
Many of them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Mas- 
ter II., of Meadow Brook; Gay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., 
Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskie IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, 
Coquette X., Etc. 

They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. 
Come and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. We can 
please you. Angus cattle are our specialty. We raise no other 
stock but give them our undivided personal attention. 

To avoid inbreeding we offer an exceptionally good herd bull. 
Write for particulars. Address 

ROSEDALE blCCk FARMS, JEFFIRSOMON, VA. 



the latter those most esteemed are 
the iris, peony, wistaria, convolvulus, 
and azalea. Certain localities are 
famous for certain flowers which be 
come almost objects of worship^ to 
the Japanese. The arrangement of 
bouquets is one of the fine arts 

Continuing in the park, we saw 
some traces of the old conflict be- 
tween the Royalists and the Shoguns, 
in bullet-riddled defences, and we 
paused before an image of Dai But- 
su. We were getting tired of the 
tombs of the Shoguns, but a splendid 
avenue of stone lanterns led to these 
at Neno, and we could not pass them 
unnoticed without paying our re- 
spects. Beyond them were two trees 
planted by General and Mrs'. Grant on 
the occasion of their visit to Japan, 
and these are now grown into flour- 
ishing shade trees. 

"TRAVELER." 



THE CAUSE OF EDUCATION IN 

VIRGINIA. 

Article No. 1. 

Virginia has always shown a live- 
ly interest in the cause of education, 
even in the very infancy of her ex- 
istence, when beset with trials, hard- 
ships and dangers, incident to the 
life of pioneers amongst wild savages, 

The project of a college for Vir- 



Someone is going to get a first-class Angus herd header at 

SUIMNY HOME FARM 

this coming fall. Sire a Jilt, sone of the great Erica bull Imported Equestor. 

Dam sired by the world-famous Gay Blackbird (the sire of the $3,050 
Gay Lad that was champion of America during' 1895-96). Second dam, a Nose- 
gay daughter of the great Beau Bill, champion during 1894 and sire of the 
dam of Vala, probably the most popular Angus female ever in the American 
Show Ring. 

Imported Equestor's sire was Equestrian, one of the greatest bulls ever 
at •'Ballendalloch." 

Don't wait for the other fellow to get this first class bull, the product 
of the greatest champions of two continents, but write and have him booked 
for you at once. Write 



A. L. FRENCH, Owner, 



Bytdville, Va. 



Moore's Brook Berkshire Herd 



We have the best lot of Pigs this 
Spring we have ever had. This breeding 
cannot be excelled and they are equal 
to their breeding. Pigs ready to ship 
after May 5th. The Fall boars are 
fine ones. Bred sows for sale after 
May 14th. Some of these will be bred 
to a fine son of Lord Premier 50,001. 




MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM CO.. Charlottesville,<'Va. 



POLAND-CHINAS & SHROPSHIRES 




A promising lot of Pigs, sired by 
the Great Boars Big Jumbo 64275, and 
Dr.'s Corrector II. 72433. A few gilts 
and boars ready for service. 

A choice lot of lambs sired by my 
Imported ram, Altomoat's G66. 

All stock warranted as represented 
or may be returned at my expense. 

W. 0. DURRETTE 

Blrdwood, Albemarle County, Va. 




1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



T25 



Birdwood Farm Percherons 



IMPORTED AND HOME BRED MARES AND STALLIONS 



We have the right 
kind; big, heavy- 
boned horses. 

Our stud includes 
mares up to 2,200 
pounds in weight. 

Come and select 
what you want. 
Salesman always i 
on the farm. I 




YEARLING COLTS. 

MARES OR STALLIONS 

AT 

$2OOt0$3OO 

PRICES ON MARES 

FROM 

$375 to $1,OO0> 
COLORS 

BLACKS &. GREYS 

All Stock Registered 
In Percheron Society of America 



GaULATTE 48947 (71858) 1st prize 2-year-old mare, International 1908. 



BIRDWOOD STOCK FARM. Birdwood, Albemarle County, Va. [LSSn 




FOR PROTECTING CATTLE AGAINST BLACKLEG. 

siivirle:-— SAF-E — sure:. 

NO DOSE TO MEASURE. NO LIQUID TO SPILL. NO STRING TO ROT. 



KRESO DIP FOR AL.L. LIVE STOCK 

Kills Lice, Mites and Fleas. Cures Mange, Scab, Ringworm. Disinfects, Cleanses, Purifies. 

ANTHRAXOIDS 



A SA 



AIMTMRAX VACOIIM 



FOR PROTECTING HORSES, MULES, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS AND SWINE AGAINST ANTHRAX. 

WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLETS UPON THESE PRODUCTS. 



BPANCHES: 

New York, Kansas Cily, Baltimore. 

N*w Orleans, Boston, Chicago. 

St. Louis and 

Minneapolis, U. S. A. 



PARKE, DAVIS & CO. 

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

DETROIT. - MICHIGAN, 



S branches: 

London, Eng. Wallerrllle, Ont. 
Montreal, Que. Sydney, N. S. W. 
St. Petersborg, Rnsala. 
_ _ _ Bombay, India. 



724 



THE SOUTHERK PLANTER. 



[Jiily, 



Mygeia Herd 

Pure-Bred Holstein-Friesians 

It is no more expensive to maintain a good bull at the head of your herd than a pK)or one, 
and the former is certainly worth many times his cost. Therefore, Avrite for pedigree and price on 
one of the richly bred bulls which this herd now offers for sale. 

Addreasi W. F. Carter, Jr., Agent. Crozet, Albemarle County, Vlrglala. W. Fltzhagh Carter, SI. D., Owaer. 

The breed holds the milk and butter records of the world; the herd embraces some 

of Us best families. 



ginia was agitated as far back as 
1617, three years before the pilgrims 
landed at Plymouth Rock. It was 
debated in the first Virginia Assem- 
bly which met at Jamestown in 1619, 
but, after making a fair headway, the 
design had to be abandoned for a 
time on account of the Indian massa- 
cre. It was, however, taken up again 
from time to time, and finally a col- 
lege was established at "Middle Plan- 
tation" (as Wiliamsburg was then 
called) in 1693 and named in honor 
of the ruling monarchs, William and 
Mary, whom the revolution of 1688 
had placed upon the throne. In its 
antecedents this is the oldest of 
American colleges. In its actual 
operations, it is second only to Har- 
vard. It holds a unique position 
amongst colleges, being the only one 
that received its charter direct from 
the Crown in Virginia, under seal of 
the privy council of England, for 
which reason it was called "Their 
Majesties' Royal College of William 
and Mary." It was also the only col- 
lege that received its coat of arms 
from the College of Heralds in Lon- 
don. This coat is represented on the 
seal of the college and bears the 
date of 1694. 

It was the first college in America 
to have a full Faculty, a president, 
six professors, an usher and writing 
master, as was the case in 1729. At 
that time the Faculty of Harvard con- 
sisted of a president, two professors 
and a corps of tutors. 

The college course comprised: 

1. A common school for the Indian 
children and white children of the 
neighborhood. 

2. A grammar school for the study 
of the classics. 

3. Two philosophy schools, one of 
moral philosophy, in which rhetoric, 
logic and ethics were taught, and the 
other of natiii^al philosophy and 
mathematics. 

History was always a favorite 
study in Virginia. The two first his- 
torical works written by professors in 
An American collesre were "The pres- 
ent State of Vira:inia," nublished in 
1724 bv Hugh .Tones, Professor of 
Mathematics: at William and Marv: 
and "The T-Tieto'-v of Virginia," by 
President Stith. in 1749. 

There can scarcelv be a doubt that 



BIG MILKING, HIGH-GRADB OR RBGISTERBD 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS 

Are what the South needs. We furnish the kind that fill the pail every 
time they are milked. They are "mortgage lifters." Don't keep unprofitable 
scrubs. Send for free circular, "Cow Boarders." 

We furnish cows that 
will give from 7 to 10 
j gals, per day and 5,000 
to 6,000 qts. a year. 

We recently sold 
Sweet Briar Institute, 
Sweet Briar, Va., a cap 
of high-grade Holsteln 
Cows. Go and look at 
them. They are fairly 
representative of what 
we offer. 

We are responsible 
and furnish the highest 
Two "Mortgage Lifters"— Milk Records of 12,000 lbs. references. 
Each a Year. 

All mail orders will receive the same attention as If personally selected. 
Write to-day stating wants. 




THE SYRACUSE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION, 



IJtlca, N. Y. 



THE HOLLINS HERD 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS 

A WORKING HERD, WORKING EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. 

Holsteins are tllhe BEST because. 

Holsteins are larger and healthier than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins produce larger and healthier calves than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins yield more milk than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins yield more butter fat than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins produce milk that can be kept longer and shipped farther 

than that of other dairy breeds; 
Holsteins produce milk more easily digested that that of other dairy 

breeds; 
Holsteins are found in more countries, they 6ccupy more territory and 

they probably produce more milk,, cheese and butter than all 

others Combined. 

Registered Bull Calves Out of Heavy Producing Cows for sale. 
JOS. A. TURNER, Gen. Mgr., HoUIns Institute, Va. 



MEADOW FARM DAIRY 



PURE 
B 



RED Holstein-Friesians. 



A WORKING HERD OF SEVENTY=FIVE 
REGISTERED COWS==ALL FIRST=CLASS 



Young Males and Females for Sale. 



Address J. P. TAYLOR, 
(J range, Virginia. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



725 







Pure Bred SHEEP, HOGS 

Cattle and Poultry 




I am now prepared to ship promptly. Choice Ram 
and Ewe Lambs, Yearling and older Rams of the 
following breeds of Pure Bred Sheep: 

ShropMliIre, Hniiip»hlre, Dorset, Southdoivm 
nnd Delalue. 

Farmers, you should place your orders early, since 
prices will be higher in the fall. 

I have an exhibition 200-pound Shropshire Ram as 
fine as tliey grow; price, |50; Registered. 

Imported 4-year-old Minton Ram, $70, and he is 
a fine specimen of the Shropshire breed. Write to-day. 

SPECIAL HOG -BARGAINS. — 300-lb. Duroc-Jersey 
Sow, with third litter of nine pigs, four weeks old; 
price of sow and pigs, $60. 200-lb. Duroc-Jersey 
Service Boar, not related to above sow, $25. Regis- 



tered 250-lb. Berkshire Service Boar, a fine breeder, 
$30. Registered Three-year-old Poland-China Sow, 
bred to registered boar, none better bred; price, $50. 
Second litter Registered Poland China Sow, bred to 
registered boar; price, $40. 

I have other young sows bred for first litters; 
also young Service Boars, and two-, three- and four- 
mouths'-old Pigs of the following breeds, and can 
ship promptly. Berkshlres, Poland-Chinns, Chester 
Whites, Yorkshires, Daroc-Jerseys, and TamTvorths. 

Address, 

JAMES M. HOBBS 

1521 Mt. Royal Avenue, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Pure Bred Poultry and Eggs for Sale at all Times. 



William and Mary had the first chair 
of Modern Languages in this coun- 
try, embracing French, Italian, Span- 
ish and German, and established in 
1779. Regular lectures on political 
economy were given there soon after 
1784. Adam Smith's "Wealth of Na- 
tions" being the text-book, the first 
use of that book in this country. 

William and Mary College institut- 
ed the first school for the study of 
the practice of law in the courts, and 
for the study of American contribu- 
tions. This chair had a continuous 
existence from 1779 to 1861, when the 
War occasioned its suspension. 

William and Mary was the first to 
adopt the honor system, and the first 
to abandon the Oxford curriculum, 
and to adopt the elective system, 
early in 1779, under the auspices of 
Thomas Jefferson. The latter recom- 
mended to the Legislature in 1779 
that the course of this college be 
widened into that of a University by 
adding schools of modern languages, 
law and medicine, and, being a mem- 
ber of the Visitoria Board, he intro- 
duced these changes at a meeting 
held December 14, 1779, the new Fac- 
ulty going into office on the 29th of 
that month. From that time to the 
Civil War the college was known as 
the College or University of William 
and Mary. But enlarging the scope 
of William and Mary College did not 
satisfy Jefferson's aspirations for the 
cause of higher education. This cause 
was peculiarly dear to the great 
Statesman, and his love for it and 
efforts in its behalf constitute one of 
his many shining claims to fame and 
immortality. Crowded as his life was 
with duties, cares and responsibilities 
of the weightiest nature, he never 
lost sight of his ideal of the higher 
education. Whilst conducting the 
Louisiana purchase and other great 
public movements requiring consum- 
mate statesmanship, he ever kept in 
view his cherished plan of founding 



LYNNWOOD STOCK FARM 



PERCHERON STALLIONS 



SHORT 
HORN 



Cattle Berkshire 



SOWS 
PIGS 



TWO FIRST-CLASS SADDLE STALLIONS. 
]VOAV IS THE TIME TO BUY GOOD BREEDING STOCK. 

Come to the farm (Lewis Station, N. & W. ), and see the greatest repre- 
sentatives of the above breeds. 



JOHN F. LEWIS 

Lynnwood, Rockingham County, Va. 




Scotch Collies 



Farm raised, from pure bred 

stock, and all puppies eligible to 

registry. Our breeding stock is 

from best kennels in the country. 

Only healthy, active puppies are 

shipped. Colors, black and 

white, or sable and white. Male 

or female. $5.00 each. Address. 

S. M. GEYER, Manager, 

Norfolk & AVestern R'y Farm, 

IVOR, VA. 



HILL TOP STOCK 

We have for sale a limited number of Yearling Southdown and Shrop- 
shire Bucks, and some good barn Lambs of each of the above breeds. 

Have also a few good Berkshire Pigs. 

Have some fine Fox Hound Puppies (of pure Walker strain). 

We are prepared, too, to furnish a few Yearling Bucks of either Hamp- 
shire or Oxford breeds, at as low a price as same class of bucks can be 
sold anywhere. 

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, SHADWELL. VIRGINIA. 



Beadle Co., S. Dak., March 6, '09. 
I received the sample copy of the 
Southern Planter and I cannot ex- 



press in words the high opinion I have 
of it. It is simply perfect. 

W. B. TAYf^OR. 



726 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[July, 



an institution which should place the 
higher education on an assured basis 
in the South. 

About the year 1800 he began to 
plan the establishment of the Univer- 
sity, but it was only by lepeated and 
strenuous efforts that the embryonic 
institution gradually expanded into a 
University. Its genesis was as fol- 
lows: 

In 1803 the trustees of the "Albe- 
marle Academy" were duly appointed 
and incorporated in Charlottesville, a 
village almost at the foot of the "lit- 
tle mountain," on which Jefferson had 
built his beautiful colonial home. 
Time passed and the project for the 
academy seemed about to fail when, 
in 1814, a new Board of Trustees, with 
Jefferson as a quickening force, was 
appointed. This academy then gave 
way to a more pretentious founda- 
tion, to be known as Ceutral College. 
In the very year (1816) that Central 
College was established by an act 
of the Virginia Assembly, the bill in 
which the name "University of Vir- 
ginia" first occurs, was defeated, but 
by so small a margin that one of its 
opponents moved 'that the bill be 
printed for the information of the 
people. 

The site of Central College was 
chosen and the erection of one, pa- 
villion with flanking dormitories or- 
dered. But this did not satisfy the 
friends of the higher education, and 
the matter was again brought up in 
the Legislature. Mr. Joseph Cabell, 
the intimate friend of Jefferson and 
his most efficient helper in this mat- 
ter, led the contest with such tact 
and ability that finally a commission 
was appointed to make a report as 
to the proposed University and its 
site. Next to Jefferson, Mr. Joseph 
Cabell was the person chiefly instru- 
mental in founding the University, 
and the memorial hall bearing his 
name testifies to the debt of grati- 
tude the institution owes him. There 
were 21 commissioners, amongst them 
Jefferson, Miadson and many others 
bearing distinguished names. They 
reported favorably on the matter and, 
through Jefferson's strong influence, 
the site of Central College at Char- 
lottesville was chosen for the pro- 
posed University rath'er than Staun- 
ton or Lexington, ' its competitors. 
Another legislative battle took place 
before the University was duly char- 
tered. This was done on January 25, 
1819, but it was not completed and 
formally opened until March 7, 1825. 

Jefferson's taste was very artistic, 
but the people of his day were hard- 
ly prepared to value rightly the edu- 
cational value of classic architecture, 
nor to think it justifiable to spend 
money so lavishly (according to the 
standard of those days) for such a 
purpose. Consequently, he met with 
a great deal of censure both on ac- 
count of the cost and the character 
of the buildings, but we may gather 
from one of Tichenor's letters, writ- 



THE P. & A. MOUTH SPECULUM 

Simplest, Strongest, Safest. 



HAND 



FORGED 




Capable of sustaining: Immense 
pressure — two sets of dental plates — 
interchangeable — Introduced like ordin- 
ary bit — Can not possibly close of Its 
own acord, or by jerking of the ani- 
mal's head — Easily taken apart — 
weig-hs about four pounds. 
Price, Net, $9.00. 

Write for catalogue of Veterinary 
Instruments, also catalogues of "Easy 
to Use" Instruments for cattle, for the 
horse, etc. 



POWERS ® ANDERSON, Inc.. 30 N. 9th St., RICHMOND, Va. 

VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, SURGICAL SUPPLIES, ETC. 



DUROC SWINE SHORTHORN AND POLLED DURHAM CAT LE. 

The Duroc Is the most prolific hog on earth. The large falra of the West 
prove tha't they are the most popular hog of that section. The demand for 
them In the South shows conclusively that they are the coming hog of the 
South. We have the largest herd In the East and one of the most fashionably 
bred herd in America. Sows in pig, herd boars and shotes of both aexes, not 
related, for sale. Send for catalog and "Duroc Facts." 

. Shorthorn and Polled Durham cows, heifers and bulls for sale. See ad. 
elsewhere in this is-aue. 

LESLIE D. KLINE, Vaaclnae, Va. 



JERSEYS and BERKSHIRES. 

Sows bred. Boards ready for service. Pigs two and three montiis old. 
A few Jersey Cows for sale. X have some nice stock. 
RIVER VIEW FARM, C. M. BASS, Proprietor, 
Rice Depot, Virginia. 



YOUNG REGISTERED HACKNEYS 



FOR 
SALE. 



Two Registered Hackney Fillies, sired by General II., color, chestnut, two 
and tnree years old, respectively; and one Handsome Registered Hackney 
Stallion, by Hedrick (no kin to the fillies). These animals are especially 
breedy, well formed, and a good size for their ages. Address — 
T. O. SANDY, BURKEVILLE, VA. 

EXCELLENT 

SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS. 

By the Scotch topped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by the old reliable breed- 
ers, P. S. Lewis & Son, as the best bull ever bred on their farm) by the 
International winner. Frantic Lad, son of The Lad for Me, champion •t 
America In 1900. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows. 

Pure Yearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senator, a prize winner In Can- 
ada as a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Driunmond. the 
foremost Southdown breeder In America. 

t^i. J. HANCOCK & SON. "BlIerBlle." Charl»tteavtlle. Vm 



FLY REMOVER sa»ed $7s.oo 




a Milk for a Customer 
who used It 



On Five Cows In 90 Days 

Kills and keeps off animals; Files, Mosquitoes, Ticks, Lice and Insects. Cows 
give 2) per cent more milk, as they are jirotected and feed quietly all day. Horses 
work and drive better. Hotrs and poultry are free from lice. Used for years by 
same dairyman No Gad Flies or Wariiles if it is used. 
^norial ^O.nau Offer i c' "■""• ^ b"'- S2.75, 6 ?»!. »4.:;5. lo s«i. »8.oo, 25 g»i. jis.no, so 5,1. 

«pcbiai dW-uay UIIBI ij.j ,,0. Hand eprajerto apply il. eSo. 4-6»l. compreSBed air sprayer and 
whitewasher for applying in large dairies. 85.(XI. 1 gal. will prntpctano cowB. Money returned If animals are 
not prQlfcled. Terms Caab. Booklet Free. Bipplej M^. Co., Popl. V, Grafton, 111. 



ten in 1824, how these buildings im- 
pressed an intelligent visitor, well 
acquainted with University buildings 
both in this country and Europe: 
"The University of Virginia has cost 
$250,000," he says, "and the thorough 



finish of every part of it, and the 
beautiful architecture of the whole 
show, I think, that it has not cost 
too much. They have a mass of 
buildings more beautiful than any- " 
thing architectural in New England 



1009.] 



THE SOUTIIERAT PLANTER. 



Y27 



and more appropriate to a University 
than can be found perhaps in the 
world." 



GRAIN CROP PREMIUMS AT THE 
STATE FAIR. 
Growers of grain crops are remind- 
ed that the State Fair offers premi- 
ums for classes in which it is re- 
quired that part of the exhibit shall 
be grain in sheaf. We would suggest 
to intended exhibitors that they bear 
this in mind before threshing out 
their crops and make up their ex- 
hibit sheafs. 



ACRE YIELD CORN EXHIBITS AT 
THE STATE FAIR. 
The premiums offered in the acre 
yield corn exhibits at the State Fair 
are two first ribbons to be award- 
ed — one for corn grown on low 
grounds, and one for corn grown on 
high land. The first premium of $75 
will be divided between the winners 
of these two ribbons. Two second 
ribbons will be awarded in the same 
way and the second premium of $50 
will be divided in the same way. 



AIMING HIGH. 

John Allen, of Topeka, who while 
in Congress used to be known as 
"Private .John," enjoys telling of a 
unique character near his home 
known as Jasn White. 

Jasp had lived in single-blessedness 
a good many years, but finally in the 
evening of his life he married, and in 
due time an heir was born to him. 
The day after this momentous event 
Mr. Allen met Jasp in the street. 

"I understand, Jasp," said the Priv- 
ate, "that you've a fine baby up at 
your place. Have you decided on his 
name?" 

"Yes. suh," chuckled Jasp, "we's al- 
ready decided on a name." 

Jasp traced one toe reflectivelv in a 
semi-circle before him. "You know, 
suh." he said finally, "I's alius been a 
pow'ful han' fer dem Scripture folks, 
an' so I's decided t' name de kid af- 
ter some o' dem bier officers what de 
Bible talks 'bout. I's settled on de 
name Peelzebub." 

"P^elzebub!" 

"Yes, suh, da't de name!" an- 
nounced Jasp, in a tone betokenins: 
finality. "Beelzebub's a miarhtv fine 
name, suh. It shore looks like I's as- 
nirin' pow'fnl high, but I fiffsrers dat 
bov'll shorely do credit to his name- 
sake!" — Lippincott's. 



APPLIED TO THE MOTOR. 

Teacher: "What do yon mean by 
the 'duick and the dead'?" 

Boy: "Well, the quick get out of 
the way of the motor cars, and the 
dead don't!" — Lippincott's. 



Marshall Co., Va., April 8, '09. 
I subscribe to a number of farm 
journals but find the Southern Plant 
er best of all. 

CHAS. D. WILLIAMSON. 



The Hotel CHELSEA 

WEST TWENTY-THIRD ST., NEW YORK 
Absolutely Fireproof European Plan 




Room, with use of bath . . 

Room, with private bath 

Suites— Parlor, bedroom and bath 

and upward 



51.50 
2.00 
3.50 



HThe Hotel Chelsea may be reached from the Pennsylvania, Lackawanna, Erie, Reading 
Baltimore and Ohio, and Jersey Central railroad stations, all at foot of West 23d Street, by 
cab or electric car direct in five minutes. West 23d Street, New York, ferries land passen 
gers at Hoboken near steamship piers. 




MACHINERY 

Made in sizes to suit a!! v/ant$. SOLD 
ONTHEIROWWMC:i;i3. Buy them, 
try them, sind only thea do we expect > 
f^ Q settlement. 

YEARS 

EXPERIENCE 

Largest manufactur- 
ers of Ensilage JJi- 
chlnery la the world. 

ROSS CUTTERS ARE 
GUARANTEED. 

Write to-day for FREE Catalog 

Tbe E W. ROSS CO., Box 16 Springfield, Ohio 




We do not ask 
for cash wi.h or- 
der, because Ross ' 
Machines for the 

pa^ 150 years have 
proved beyond 
the expectation 
of every pur. 
chaser. 

gil, EXPERIENCE MAKES 
PERFECT. 

Every buyer of 
a Ross outfit la 
a satisfied cus- 
tomer. 

Our catalogue 

shows the most 

complete line of 

SUo Filling Machinery on 

the market. Don't forget the 

ROSS SILO. 



728 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[JoJy, 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 

All inquiries must reach us oy the 
15th of the month previous to the 
issue, or they cannot be answered 
until the month t'ohuwlng. 

White Multiplier Onions. 

Acting upon the advice of Professor 
Massey that the White Multiplier 
onions keep better than the Yellow 
Potato onions, I last year bought and 
planted the former. The product 
seems to multiply bulbs all right, but 
they have also formed seed pods on 
top of long tubular stems. Please say 
in your enquirers' column whether 
these are the genuine White Multi 
plier, and oblige, 

W. C. NOWLIN. 

Appomattox Co., Va. 

I have grown a gicat many of the 
White Multiplier onions, but never 
knew one to make an effort to bloom 
or make seed. No onion in my ex- 
perience that increases at the root 
has ever made seeds. But nature 
plays some queer tricks at times and 
plants make strange mutations and 
often change their habits. Therefore 
I could not say that the onions you 
planted are not of the true White 
Multiplier stock, but I should serious- 
ly doubt their purity. They never 
make as large onions as the Yellow 
Potato onion, but, unlike that varie- 
ty, which is not a good keeper, they 
are remarkable in that respect, for I 
have kept them all winter and all the 
next summer and planted them the 
next fall and had them grow well 
when they were overlooked at the 
proper planting time the fall after 
they were grown. — W. F. Massey. 



Seeding Crimson Clover on Wheat 
Stubule. 

While lecturing at an institute in 
this State last winter. Professor Mas- 
sey spoke of successfully sowing 
crimson clover on a wheat stubble, 
the only preparation being a discing. 
Will Professor Massey kindly outline 
in the July issue of The Planter 
how this may best be done, depth 
disc should cut, and other prepara- 
tion, if any, for best results? Could 
crimson clover be sown to advantage 
v'ith a crop of cowpeas on land fal- 
lowed after removing wheat from the 
land and make a good clover crop 
for the land the following winter? Or, 
would the cowpea vines (which are 
also to be left on the land) smother 
the clover? ' J. A. W. 

Charles Co., Md. 

I have seen very good crops of 
crimson clover grown on wheat stub- 
ble with no preparation at all, except 
to let the rag weed start and mow it 
and the tall stubble off and sow the 
seed. But it is better to mow the 
stubble after the rag weeds have 
started, and then disc the stubble 
lightly so as to give the seed a bet- 
ter chance to germinate and still have 



Thomas Phosphate 



(Basic Slag Meal) 



AN AVERAGE ANALYSIS 

Moisture 1-10 Per Cent. 

Total Phos. Acid 17 to 19 Per Cent. 

ATall. Phos. Add 15 to 16 Per Cent.* 

I>ime • • 35 to 50 Per Cent. 

Magnesia 5 to 6 Per Cent. 

Iron 13 to 14 Per Cent. 

Manganese 7 to 9 Per Cent. 

♦Wagner Method. 

Results 

MARYLAND EXPERIMENT STATION. 

Grain. Fodder. Total, 

libs. Libs. Lbs. 

Soluble Phosphates 11,298 15,C18 26,916 

Basic Slag 11,795 16,059 27,854 

WRITE FOR FREE PAMPHLET. — "A Remarkable Fertilizer, Basic Slag and 

ICicIiii— _ _ ._ i*** Uses.'' 

FERTILIZER MATERIALS 

Nitrate of Potash Dried Blood Sulphate of Potash 

Nitrate of Soda Muriate of Potash Dried Fish 

THE COE=MORTIiVlER CO. 

F? CHARLESTON, S. C. 



Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime 

The great crop grower and -land Improver. Never falls when prop- 
erly used to give perfect satisfaction. It prevents rust and scab on wheat 
and oats, and Insures a good stand and growth of clover or other grasses. 

Lee's Special Wheat Fertilizer 

Grows in favor and sales every season. We hear of no rust or scab, 
but all say the crop Is increased eight to ten bushels of wheat, of fine 
quality, and they have fine stands of clover or other grass. 

Imported Thomas Basic Slag 

■ This valuable fertilizer is used almost exclusively in Europe on fall 
crops, such as grasses and turnips as well as grain. It has several ad- 
vantages over our phosphate. It is insoluble in water, and being much 
heavier than the soils, is not washed away by h'^avy rains, but remains 
where distributed until dissolved by the humic acid of the roots of plants. 
It also contains forty to fifty per cent, of free lime. Its lasting results 
make it a cheap as well as good fertilizer. 

Lee's High Grade Bone and Potash 

For potatoes, cabbage and other crops. Constantly on hand Land 
Plaster, Agricultural Lime, carload or less. 

^Manufactured By — 

A. S. LEE & SON'S COMPANY, Richmond, Va. 

SEND FOR CIRCULARS, DEPARTMENT "A." 



TBLili THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



729 



GENUINE OLD PERUVIAN GUANO 



The Greatest Soil Improver Known 



If you have never used Peruvian 
Guano, you have never reahzed the 
greatest possible yield from your 
land 

No known fertilizer is the produc- 
er of such bumper crops. 

When you buy Peruvian Guano, 
you know that you are buying the 
best fertilizer to be procured. 

With proper cultivation, there is 
no doubt of its producing larger 
yields than any commercial ferti- 
lizer. 

What n Is^ 

Peruvian Guano is a product of 
nature, and contains ingredients 
which chemists have never been 
able to put into fertilizer 

It consists of the excrement of 
the birds that congregate on the 
rocky coast of Peru and nearby 
islands; as well as the remains of 
the birds themselves. 

On account of the food on which 
these birds live, this fertilizer is rich 
in certain elements. 

These elements are in different 
forms, some quickly active, some 
slower, and some still more slow, 
which thus nourish the plant from 
start to maturity. 

There has never been any doubt 
as to the supremacy of Peruvian 
Guano as a fertilizer, but, owing to 
the out of the way places where it 
is found, the supply has been limi- 
ted. 



Many of the older farmers re- 
member the enormous yields pro- 
duced with it years ago. For the 
last few years it has been hard to 
procure Enough could not be 
bought to supply the demand of 
the farmers who had tried it, and 
who were enthusiastic about it. 

We have recently made arrange- 
ments to import it in considerable 
quantities direct from Peru. 

Your soil probably needs just 
such a soil-improver. 

You want big crops. You want 
to enrich your soil. 

Peruvian Guano will do both. 

Peruvian Guano costs more and 
is worth it. 

The increased crops it will pro- 
duce will be worth far more to you 
than the saving of a few dollars in 
the cost. 

Best By Test. 

So sure are we of its worth that 
we welcome a comparative test 
with any commercial fertilizer. 

Order a few tons, and use it on 
your wheat crop, and; when the 
harvest comes, compare the results 
with that of any other land on 
which you have used other fertili- 
zers 

We want you to write for our 
booklet about this wonderful ferti- 
lizer — a product of nature. 

It will be sent free together with 
prices upon request. 



PERUVIAN GUANO CORPORATION 

RICHMOND, VA. CHARLESTON, S. C 



k 



730 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



some trash on top as a shade to the 
young clover from the sun, as it is 
frequently damaged or killed by the 
sun in its early stages. I believe 
that the plan of plowing the land 
well and sowing cowpeas with a 
wheat drill, mowing them for hay and 
then slightly stirring the pea stubble 
and sowing in early September would 
be an improvement, especially if you 
harrow in a good dressing of acid 
phosphate or basic slag for the peas. 
I think that in Charles county you 
can have good success in sowing in 
early September, or, if the peas came 
off in time to sow in August. Then, 
after sowing the seed, if the soil is 
dry and the land uot inclined to 
wash, I would roll it. But I would 
never roll steep hillsides, for loose 
places will be left for the rains to 
start gullies. Sowing clover seed with 
the peas is generally unsuccessful, 
because the rank growth of the peas 
is apt to smother the clover. But if 
the peas are not to be removed from 
the land, you can wait till they ripen 
and begin to drop their leaves and 
then sow the clover among them witli 
no preparation of the soil at all. But 
I would prefer to cut the peas and 
cure them. — W. F. Massey. 



Bloody Milk. 
Is bloody milk an indication of tu- 
berculosis of the udder? Can I have 
the milk examined for tuberculosis? 

A. B. 

Bloody milk is no indication what- 
ever of tuberculosis of the udder. 
Bacterial examinations of milk for 
tubercle bacilli are altogether too un- 
certain to be of practical value. In- 
flate the udder with sterile air once 
exactly as is done in cases of milk 
fever. This has proven the most suc- 
cessful treatment in cases of cows 
giving bloody milk. 

JOHN SPENCER. 

Expt. Station, Blacksburg, Va. 



Peanuts on Crimson Clover Fallow. 

Will Virginia peanuts succeed plant- 
ed on a crimson clover sod, and what 
preparation should be given the soil 
before planting peanuts? 

Sussex Co., Va. R. M. WHITE. 

There is some difference of opinion 
amongst peanut growers as to plant- 
ing peanuts immediately following a 
leguminous crop like crimson clover 
or cowpeas, some contending that the 
result of tests go to show an injury 
rather than a benefit to the crop. A 
crimson clover or cowpea crop will 
put the land into good condition for 
peanuts, but the crop should not be 
planted until the following year after 
the clover or cowpeas have been 
plowed down. There may be some 
force in this view, as it is known that 
the bacteria on the' two crops are not 
the same and they may be antagonis- 
tic to each other. To succeed with 
peanuts, they should be grown in ro- 




Wheat requires 
a fertilizer that contains 
, -^ . __...- ammonia in different forms, some 

v'S' slow, some active, to provide gradual 

and continual food to the plant from 
start to maturity. 

There is one fertilizer that does this — one 
that is Nature's own provision for wheat crop — one 
which contains ingredients that the chemists have 
never been able to put into fertilizer. It is genuine 
old 

Peruvian Guano 

Old farmers of Virginia and the Carolina's recall the 
splendid crops grown with Peruvian Guano years ago. 
No fertilizer discovered has ever equaled it tor producing 
enormous yields. 

Your land probably needs just such a soil improver. Order one or two 
tons and compare the results with those from any commercial fertilizer. 
Write for prices, and full information. 
Agencies still open in some localities. 

Peruvian Guano Corporation, 

Richmond, Va. Charleston, S. C. 



ATLAS, 



Makes The Best Concrete 



FOMENT 



[ The cement bought by the U.S. Government for tne Panama Canal 

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOK "Concrete Construction about the 

Home and on the Farm." Contains over 100 drawings and illustrations. 

THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., Dept. 116 30 Broad Street, N. Y. 

Daily output over 40,000 barrels, the largest in the world. 




TRADE MARK 



SLUG -SHOT 

USED FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN FOR 27 YEARS. 
SOLD BY SEED DEALERS OF AMERICA. 
Saves Currants, Potatoes, Cabbage, Melons, Flowers, 
Trees and Shrubs from Insects. Put up in popular pack- 
ages at popular prices. Write for free pampiilet on Bugs, 
and Blights, etc , to 

B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York. 



Ground Phosphate Rock 

Superior to Bone or Acid Phosphate for Alfalfa and Clover, and at 
one-fourth the cost. See editorial, June issue this paper, "Alfalfa In East- 
ern Virginia." 

FARMERS' UNION PHOSPHATE CO., BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 



IStOK.J 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



tation with grain and leguminous ' 
crops, but tlie peanuts and me otuei 
legumes grown should not immediate- 
ly lollow each other. — Ed. i 

Smut in Wheat. [ 

Please advise me the cause for I 
blackheads in wheat, and the remedy, 
if any, known to prevent them. 1 ' 
sowed fifty bushels of wheat last Oc- 
tober after peas and my wheat U-; 
very promising up to this time for a 
large yield; in fact, it is all that 1 
could wish for, but, for the immens. 
number of blackheads, which will cui 
down the yield at least .j per cent. 

1 bought my seed from a limestone 
section of Virginia, and the seed wa.s 
firstclass, but, of course, know nothing 
of what per cent, of blackheads were 
In the wheat which produced the seed 
that I ?owed. The variety sown is 
Fulcaster, which is a bearded wheat, 
and seems to be especially adapted 
to my section. 

I will sow perhaps seventy-five 
bushels this fall. Would you advise 
using the wheat which I raise this 
year for seed in which the black- 
heads are so numerous? 

Patrick Co.. Va. .J. C. DeHART. 

Your crop is infested with smut. 
There are two varieties of this dis- 
ease — the stinking smut and the loose 
smut. For the stinking smut there is 
no certain remedy yet discovered, 
though formalin as advised for the 
loose smut is probably the best thing 
to use. For the loose smut, which is 
the variety I think you are tioubled 
with, the remedy is to ?oak the seed 
in a solution of formalin, one pound 
to five gallons of water, before sow- 
ing it. The seed should be allowed 
to soak in this solution for an Hour 
or a little more and then be dried and 
sowed. If you will carefully treat 
your seed wheat with this formalin 
solution, I do not think you need fear 
to sow your own seed for your next 
crop. Hot water is a remedy also for 
the smut, but it is more troublesome 
to use, as you must keep the heat of 
the water up to 132 degrees for fif- 
teen minutes whilst the grain is soak- 
ing in it. Below 132 will not kill the 
smut spores, and above IS.'i degrees 
will injure the germination of the 
seed. The grain should be put into 
a loose woven sack holding about a 
bushel, and this be dipped into the 
hot water and this be moved around 
in the water so as to wet every grain 
well. — Ed. 



Warts en Cow. 
I have a cow with wart" on her ud- 
der and mostly on her teats. Thev 
begin to grow wHen she freshens and 
disappear when she ffoes drv. Please 
advise what to do, and will it be ad- 
visable to use the rrijiv 

J. 13. DnT^MMOND. 
Accomac Co., Va. 

If the warts on the teats are hard, 



Real Free Trial oF This 



Tf „ ^ _ ^ 

A Square-Deal Stringless Offer 

that you can accept without risk. Take the engine — test it thoroughly for 
'30 days after receiving it, until you've proved by actual work on your 
I farm that the Waterloo Boy is the engine for you. If not satisfied, send it 
(back at our expense. 

JYou can't get better or cheaper help for your work than the Waterloo Boy 
iGasoline Elngine. Saws as much wood per day as eight men — does all 
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any weather. Let us show you why 
the Waterloo Boy is the beet all- 
round engine for farm work. 
Send forcatalogandour real_ 
free trial offer. " 

Waterloo Gasoline 
Engine Co. 

iM).-. West Third Ave. 



Horace 
L. Smith 

General Agent 

24 Bollingbrook St. 

Petersburg, Va 



Waterloo, Iowa. 



ESTABLISHED 1860. 



e^ 



TREES! 



1,200 ACRSS. 



e^ 



We are wholesale srowers •! flrat claaa mnrmery atock of all klnda, Frvlt, 
Shade, Ornamental Treea, Shrnbbery, Hedgea, Small Fmlta, etc., Amw^Trntp^m, 
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The BEST la the CHEAPEST. Ours is the CHEAPEST because It la tha 
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FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY COMPANY. 

Baltimore, Maryland. 



. , ELMWCXDD NURSERIES . 



w^B are: growbrs and offer a fine assortment of 



£i 



APPLES, 

CHERRIES, 

NECTARINES, 

GOOSEBERRIES, 

RASPBERRIES. 

ORNAMENTALS. 



PEACHES, 
PLUMS, 

GRAPE VINES. 
STRAWBERRIES, 
ASPARAGUS, 
SHADE TREES. 
WRITE FOR CATALOGUB. 



PEARS. 

\PRICOT.S, 

CURRANTS, 

DEWBERRIES, 

HORSERADISH, 

HEDGE PLANTS, 



J.B.WATKINS & BRO, Midlothian, Va. 



i32 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



July, 



dry ones, with a hard, dry neck, clip 
them off with a pair of scissors and 
touch the place where cut off with 
caustic, potash or lunar caustic. If 
they have fleshy necks, tie them 
round with a silk cord and tighten 
this every day or two until they cease 
to grow and drop off. The warts will 
not ai¥ect the milk. — Ed. 

Spanish Peanuts — Sweet Potatoes ana 

Irisn Potatoes for Chicken Feed. 

1. Are not Spanisli peauuts more 
\aiuauie lor cuicKeu leeu luaii to seii 
them to jobDers or recieaueis loi 
three cents per pound aua tiie bem 
way to prepare tnem lor tue cnicKs : 

Z. Will sweet pocatoeo, cooKeu ixa^ 
fed whole or mixed up witn uiy loou, 
make goou leeu lor ouicKens ; 

3. Can Irisu potatoes, wuen they 
can not be markeiea lor t>0 cents 
per busuel, ue pioncauly ted to cniCK- 
ens? 

We can raise any amount of tiiese 
crops. Oi Irisn poiatoea we can raise 
two crops a >ear. Occasionally tne 
spring crop rots before they can be 
marketed at a reasonable price. Tne 
fall crop will keep fine ana we usu 
allv get one dollar per bushel. 

JOHN SEABURG. 

Wilkinson Co., Miss. 

1. No doubt Spanish peanuts ground 
into meal and fed with corn or other 
grain meal would make a good feed 
for chickens, but we doubt whether 
it would pay better than selling them 
at three cents a pound if a heavy 
yield of the crop is secured by proper 
fertilization and growing d5 the crop 
in rotation is practiced. 

2 and 3. Both sweet and Irish po- 
tatoes can be fed to chickens boiled 
and mixed with meal into a mash 
with advantage as a change of diet, 
but neither of these crops has any 
special merit as a feed crop for hens. 
They are carbonaceous feeds requir- 
ing to be balanced with protein to 
make them effective. The peanut 
meal mixed with them would balance 
the ration and might make together 
a fair ration. Protein feeds are more 
needed for securing eggs and good 
growth of chickens than carbonace- 
ous ones. A yield of three hundred 
bushels of Irish potatoes per acre will 
pay at even less than eighty cents 
a bushel, and this yield ought to be 
made. The spring crop should al- 
ways be sold as dug, as the tubers 
will not keep long. — Ed. 



Silo Builuing. 
I want to build a small silo. Can 
I build it of tongue and groove floor- 
ing in an octagon shape as it would 
be easier to construct than round? 
Must the floor be air tight? Must 
the roof fit down tight or leave room 
for ventilation? Can I put the corn 
in a silo in long lensths as it grows 
or will it have to be c'it_ in short 
pieces? Can the corn be cut and 



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Write for full information about this unusual offer. 
Agents Wanted. 

STRATTON & BRAGG CO., 

Dept. PETERSBURG, VA., U.S.A 




The American Peanut Harvester 
Does the Wotk of Seven Men 

It digs, shakes and piles the pea- 
nuts with one operation. Recent im- 
provements make it possible to har- 
vest all varieties regardless of growth 
of vines, 

"We want live 
agents, and make 
special introduc- 

tory price on first 
machine sold in 
also make mach- 
each locality. We 
ines for planting 
and picking. 
WRITE FOR BOOKLET AND PRICES. 

NOTE. — If you intend to harvest peanuts with machinery, plant them in 
uniofrm rows, not less than two and one-half feet apart. Work well, and 
lay by on a uniform ridge, taking care not to leave bumps in the middle or 
the row. Plant two or three rows parallel to fence or ditch for conven- 
ience in turning at the end of rows. 

American Peanut Harvester Corooration 

PETERSBURG, VA. 




1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



733 



.packeu in the silo tae same day witti- 
out injury? SUBSCRIBER. 

Nortnumberland Co., v a. 

Yes, you can build an octagonal silo, 
thougn we pieter a round one, as tne 
silage settles better and more com- 
pletely in this form than in any other. 
All corners are objectionable in a 
silo, as they tend to hold tae silage 
and make pockets in which air lodges 
and injures the keeping of the pro- 
duct. The best floor for a silo is a 
good, hard clay one. 

Yes, you can put the Corn in with- 
out cutting it, but it will not make 
as good silage and is much more dif- 
ficult to get out for feeding. We would 
always cut it into half-inch lengths 
with a cutter and then you are cer- 
tain to have good feed. Put the corn 
into the silo as soon as it is cut down. 

A roof is a matter of perfect indif- 
ference to the keeping of the silage. 
When the silo is filled the top of the 
silage should be covered a foot thick 
with chaff or cutton seed hulls or 
coarse swale hay, and this be well 
watered and packed down. It will 
then become filled with mould and 
thus exclude the air and keep the sil- 
age good. What water falls on it will 
not hurt the silage. A silo looks bet- 
ter with a roof over it, but it serves 
no purpose in keeping the silage. — Ed. 

Plants for Name — Mildew on Roses. 

I am sending you three plants for 
name. No. 1 supposed to be some 
sort of clover, came up in alfalfa. 
No. 2 also came up in alfalfa, and No. 
3 found growing in vetch. 

Crimson rambler roses are badly 
mildewed. Please give cause and 
remedy. C. W. B. 

James City Co., Va. 

No. 1, alsike clover; No. 2, wild rad- 
ish; No. 3, Scotch thistle. 

The mildew may be stopped by dust- 
ing the bushes with sulphur. — Ed. 



Hog Pasture — Strawberries, Raspber- 
ries and Blackberries. 
Will you kindly advise: 

1. What mixture of clover or grass- 
es will make the best winter grazing 
for hogs? I would like to turn hogs 
on this pasture about the first of De- 
cember. 

2. What varieties of strawberries, 
raspberries and blackberries are best 
adapted to high land of fairly rich 
sandy loam for this section of Vir- 
ginia, and when is the time to put 
them out? Would Pennsylvania-grown 



LearivAdwriHng 

);j:^\ Ad-Writers earn $25.00 to $100.00 per week y 

i Seod $2.00 for 12 mooths' subscriptioo to Southern /| 
^ AdverlisiDg Journal which teaches complete counc f? 
nad.whtiDa. Prepares you for highest laUfied A-^ . 




LpGsitioni Coune worth fuDy $40.00. SlAmp* 
»vv^ ..-,.\ accepted. Tha oUer good foe ihcrl tine only. 
^^^-i,":'ASeod to-day. 

*^m\ SOUTHERN ADVERTJRING 
JOURNAL, 

Dept. Richmond. Vtrrinia. 




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The farmer is particular 
about the kind of wagon 
he buys — and rightly so — because a wagon 
is used nearly every day in the year. Note the 
following special features of the Weber, Columbus and New 
Bettendorf wagons, each one of which is built to give satis- 
factory service. —,__>__« 

WEBER 

For sixty-three years the name "Weber" has been the best 
guarantee as to the quality of a farm wagon. No other wagon 
is made better than the Weber — no other wagon is made with 
so much care. The Weber, king of all farm wagons, is the 
I. H. C. standard of excellence in wagon construction. Every- 
thing used in building Weber wagons is the best that the 
market affords — ironed on the made-to-order principle — 
painted as good as the average buggy. 

COLUMBUS 

The Columbus farm wagon compares favorably with other 
high grade wagons in quality of wood stock, ironing, painting 
and finish and has many points of special merit not found on 
other high grade wagons. All the running gear parts except 
the axles are the best quality of oak. The axles are select 
black hickory. The gears are well ironed, the rear hounds 
being ironed full length on the bottom. 

NEW BETTENDORF 

The New Bettendorf farm wagon is exceptionally strong, 
durable and light running. The gears are made entirely of 
steel, have greater carrying capacity than wood and weigh no 
more. There is never any trouble with loose skeins, season 
checks, improper seasoning or inferior quality of materials, 
such as is common on the ordinary wagon. The tubular axle is 
made in one piece. There are no joints at the collar and the 
removable malleable iron sleeve which protects the axle from 
wear is not found on any axle except the New Bettendorf. 

Call on the nearest International agrent who will be pleased to show you the 
meritorious features in the construction of the wagon he handles. Ask him for 
illustrated booklet and lithographed hanger, or i£ you prefer write us. 

International Hetrvester Company of America 

(Incorporated) 
Chicago, U. S. A. 



TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISE.MENT. 



Spottsylvania Co., Va., Mch. 21, '09. 

I do not want the Southern Planter 
to stop as I get so much good advice 
from it. C. H. CROPP. 



Campbell Co., Va., iviarch 25, '09. 
I think the Southern Planter is the 
best and cheapest agricultural paper 
printed. SAML. H. MILLER. 



734 



THE SOUTHERN^ PLANTER. 



[July, 



plants do all right, or should home- 
grown stock be put out? 

Henrico Co., Va. "AMATEUR." 

1. Sow ten pounds of crimson clov- 
er, five pounds hairy vetch, and hah 
a bushel wheat, oats and rye, mixed 
in equal parts, and two pounds Dwarf 
Essex rape per acre. 

2. Strawberries, Bubach No. 5, 
Clyde and Tennessee. Raspberries, 
Cuthbert. Blackberries, Early Har- 
vest. The strawberries may be set 
out in the fall or in the spring. We 
prefer fall planting. The raspberries 
and blackberries should be set out in 
the spring. We prefer to plant local- 
grown plants, as they are already ac- 
climated and usually do best. — Ed. 



Grass for Name. 

I enclose sample of grass of which 
I should be pleased to have the name, 
and its value, it is an evergreen and 
grows anywhere, makes fair pasture 
grass on poor land. R. S. RAYNER. 

The grass is one of the Poas, of 
which there are several varieties 
growing indigenously over the State. 
They are all valuable as pasture 
grasses. — Ed. 



Turkey Buzzard — Lima Beans — Irish 
Potatoe Scab — Ctiickens Paralyzed, 
Etc. 

1. Do you think a turkey buzzard 
to be a greater spreader of disease 
among domestic animals than the 
hawk or crow? 

2. I have been told that lima beans 
when planted with the eyes down 
would grow better than planted other- 
wise. Of course, this method should 
only be used when the beans were 
planted on a small scale. Do you 
deem it necessary or of any use to 
plant in this manner? 

3. Will the Irish potato continue to 
grow when vines are dead? 

4. Several of our chickens have be- 
come paralyzed, some of which died. 
We are unable to account for their 
condition. We are also lacking a rem- 
edy for this affliction and will be 
greatly obliged if you will name one 
to us. 

5. When cowpeas are grown to be 
turned under for fertilizer, at what 
period of their growth is it best to 
turn them under? 

6. Can you explain to me why a 
crop of green peas grown in Western 
North Carolina after July first are not 
as good as ones grown earlier ?The 
vine is weak and spindly and bears 
a smaller quantity of peas. 

7. I planted pole beans with a cer- 
tain portion of my corn this year and, 
wishing to plant more corn and pole 
beans, I ask whether to plant them 
together or not. Are both crops plant- 
ed together harmful to the soil? 

8. By what means can we keep cut- 
worms off our cauliflower and cab- 
bage? Also birds off strawberries. 



REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS 



For Two or Three Horses 



Do Their Work "A Comin' and a Goin*'' 

The Plows that do the best work anywhere and everywhere — hillside or 
level land — ^hard ground or soft groind — sticky ground or trashy ground — 
are the 

CHAmNOOGA REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS' 

Chattanooga Prows are the only entirely successful Reversible Disc Plows— simple In design few 

In parts — sturdy in construction — ai durable as sitilled worlimanship and the finest materials can 
make them — guaranteed for twelve months against any breakage oauied by defects in material or work- 
manship. Chattanooga Reversible 
Plows turn corners, either right 
or left, pulverize the soil thor- 
oughly, cover weeds, leave a 
clean furrow, and save time, 
labor, money and horse flesh. 
Write today for free postpaid cat- 
alog which tells the whole (tory. 




CHATTANOOGA 
PLOW CO. 

413 CARTER ST., 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 



SPECIAL SALE OF 
W. K. BACHE & SONS 

Stock of 

FARM IMPLEMENTS, 
WAGONS, BUQQIES, ETC., 



AT REDUCED PRICES 

The entire stock will be sold to 
close out business, and parties de- 
siring to purchase goods in these 
lines can procure them at special 
low prices. 

Act quickly, before the assort- 
ment is broken. Printed lists 
with prices mailed to out-of-town 
buyers on request. 

H. 'W. ELLETT, SALES AGENT. 

STORE 1406 E. MAIN STREET, 

RICHMOND, - - VIRGINIA. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



Y35 



Look at It! 






IT'S IN THE LANDSIDE 



AS 



TRONG 
ENSIBLE 

ERVICEABLE 



PLOW 



NO 



SHARP ANGLES TO BREAK OFF 

TILTING OF HANDLES TO MAKE THE PLOW GO IN THE GROUND 

OCCASION TO BREAK THE THIRD COMMANDMENT 



The Model used by us===The Sloping Landside 
and Center Draft, Coupled with our Interlocking 
Landside Device===makes our Plow retain its 
ORIGINAL SHAPE under any and all conditions. 
Each part bearing its own burden and transferring 
its strain direct to the foundation of our plows 
prevents straining away from its orginal positions 
of any of the parts, consequently our SUCK AND 
QATHEK IS PRESERVED DURING ENTIRE LIFE 
OF PLOW, AND IS ABSOLUTELY ASSURED EVEN 
WHEN BOLTS BECOME LOOSE. 

JUST THE PLOW YOU HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. 
BEFORE INVESTING YOUR MONEY IN ANOTHER CHILLED PLOW, Write to us for 
further particulars 

»^L-xThe Wm. J. Oliver Mfg. Co. 

'CIVPF^ KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE. 

I _c_rx» ^ B.-WH Y Don't Other Manutacturers show LANDSIDE views of their Plows? 





736 



THE SOUTHERN PLAN^TER. 



[July. 



and pigeons from picking the corn out 
of furrows? 

9. What does the soil need to pre- 
vent potatoes from becoming scabby? 
Is the soil or potato in fault?. 
. 10. Our onions were planted about 
March first and are not a great deal 
larger now than when planted. Thej 
are nearly all tops and going to seed. 
Is there a way to prevent their go- 
ing to seed and to make the onion 
grow? 

FRANK O. HARTSHORN, Jr., 

Asheville, N. C. 

1. Yes; much. The turkey buzzard 
is naturally a devourer of diseased 
dead animals which are full of the 
germs of the disease from which they 
died, and which are by the buzzards 
carried on their feet and feathers to 
other places to infect clean lands and 
•water and so spread disease. The 
hawk and the crow will not eat carri- 
on or birds or animals dead from dis- 
ease. They catch and kill healthy 
chickens and small animals and car- 
ry no disease germs from these. 

2. This is true. The lima bean 
germinates better planted with the 
eye down. 

3. No. No plants of any kind will 
grow after the leaves are dead. The 
leaves are the lungs of the plant, and 
without them the plant dies. 

4. We expect the cause of the so- 
called paralysis is the disease called 
"limber neck," which is really 
ptomaine poisoning, caused by eating 
decomposing animal flesh. It is in- 
curable. All dead animal matter 
should be burned so that the fowls 
cannot get to it, and then you will 
have none of this trouble. 

5. The leguminous crops should be 
turned under after they have attained 
their maturity and begun to die down. 
They then supply the most nitrogen 
to the soil and the vegetable matter 
is most readily turned into humus, as 
it is then freer from water and will 
not sour the soil as is often the case 
when turned into warm soil when in 
full growth. These crops are best 
cut into the land with a disc harrow 
rather than plowed down, as the 
roots, which have on them the nitro- 
gen carrying nodules, are not then 
exposed to the air to waste this nitro- 
gen, but it is kept in the soil where 
its beneficial influence is needed for 
the feeding of the following chop. 

fi. The English or Canada pea is a 
cold climate crop and does not suc- 
ceed well in the South after the hot 
weather sets in. It is then subject 
to mildew and dies down. 

7. Yes; plant the beans and corn 
toeether. The two crops help each 
other. The corn holds up the beans 
and the beans gather nitrogen from 
the air and this helps the corn. 

8. If by cut-worms you mean the 
worms which eat off the young plants 
as soon as set out, which are the 
true cut-worms, these can only be pre 
vented from doing injury by killing 
them with poisoned bait before the 
plants are set out, or by putting pro- 



CONCERNING THAT ROOF 

Write us for prices on our products. 
We carry in stock at all times 

EVERYTHING for the ROOF 

PAINTED AND GALV. V. C. AND CORRUGATED 
SHEETS; TIN PLATE IN BOXES AND ROLLS; 
RUBBER ROOFING UNDER THE FOLLOWING 
BRANDS: 

Victoria Rubber Monarch Asphalt 

Reliance Guaranteed 

Lowest Market Prices without sacrifice of Quality 

VICTORIA METAL CO., Inc. 

1007=9 E. Canal St. RICHMOND, VA. 



You Can Cover Your Roof With 

Mycoroid Rubber Roofing 

And Then ♦•Forget It." 

Recaoae It requires no coating. 

It la abBolntely waterproof. 
It Is practically Fire Proof. 
It does not taint water 
Write (or Samplea and Booklet. 

We aliio carry a fall line of GalTanlaed and Painted Corragated and T OrUn* 
Rooflns la rolls and boxes 

McGRAW-YARBROUGH Co., Richmond, Va 



SMITH SHOCK BINDER 

Far In the lead of all com- 
petitors for effectiveness, 
simolicity, durability, handi- 
ness and cheapness. Made 
of the best wood, steel and 
Manilla Rope, and will last 
for yearo. ONLY ONE MAN 
required to operate it, and 
he alone '■an bind a shock a 
minute. Saves binder twine 
and your corn shocks will 
not fall or be blown down, 
or sret v/ct inside. No farm- 
er can afford to be without 
this Labor Savingr Implement. 
One day's use will pay for 
it. Order the Binder TO- 
DAY, and if you are not sat- 
isfied, return it. and we will 
refund your monev. 

Sent express prepaid for 
$1.75. Agents wanted. 
THE SMITH SHOCK BINDER CO., RICHMOND. VA. 




Patented July 16. 1907. 
Saves Labor, Time and Corn. 

REFERENCES: Planters National 
Bank, Richmond, Va. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



737 



The Gin 
That Bales the iDolIars 




^■■::m 



^\ Both the cotton ginner and the cotton grower profit by the perfection; 
of the MUNGER System Gins. The ginner profits by increased capa- 
city, economy of operation, freedom from breakage and repairs and 
the Southwide prestige reputation of the| .. 1\-J -'rJ* ^ 



1 



MUNGER 

|THE PERFECT SYSTEM I 



t'-FFI 



T The grower patronizes the MUNGER System because close ginning 
means best turn-out and "Munger System" means best sample. 
11 MUNGER System Gin Outfits may be had of any capacity. Choice 
of Munger, Pratt, Eagle, Winship and Smith Gins. Engines, Boilers, 
Linters and every cotton machine between field and loom. 

PLANS AND ESTIMATE FOR COMPLETE EQUIPMENT OR 
SINGLE MACHINE FREE. CATALOGU E ON APPL CATlON 

CONTINENTAL QIN COMPANY 

AllBnta, Oa. Birmingham, Ala Charlotte, N. C. Dallas, Texas Memphis, Tenn. Bridg.water, Mass. (For export\ 

(Address sales oflice nearest you) 



THE AULTMAN Wu TAYLOR 

Engines 
TKresKers 
Sa^w Mills 

MODERN. UP-TO-DATE IN EVERY RESPECT. 

Machinery built to ^ive the best 
SATISFACTION 






Catalogues on application to Home 
Office, Mansfield, 0., or 

W. K. Bache, Salesman, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



738 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



tectors of stiff paper around each 
plant when setting them out. Cab- 
bage leaves or clover dipped in Paris 
green solution and dropped at inter- 
vals in the field where the plants are 
to be set out will be eaten by the cut- 
worms and poison them, if this is 
done before the plants are set out and 
there is nothing else for the worms to 
eat. If by cut-worms you mean the 
worms which eat the leaves of the 
cabbages after they commence to 
grow, then these are not true cut 
worms but the larva of the cabbage 
butterfly. They can be killed by 
spraying the plants with Paris green 
solution or by dusting them with 
Pyrethrum or Persian insect powder 
The Paris green solution can be used 
safely before the heads begin to 
wrap, but we do not advise its use 
after the cabbages are becoming near- 
ly ready for cutting, as some of the 
green may then become wrapped in 
the heads and might cause sickness in 
those eating the cabbage. The Py- 
rethrum powder is harmless. The on- 
ly way to deal with the birds is to 
shoot them. 

9. The scab on the Irish potato is 
a fungoid or spore disease, which is 
propagated on the skin of the tubers 
and will infect the soil with these 
spores and cause it to appear on later 
crops planted in this infected soil. 
Potato sets should be dipped in a so- 
lution of formaline or bichloride of 
mercury to kill the spores of the dis- 
ease before they are planted. We 
have published the formula for these 
dips several times. You will find it 
in the March issue. When soil has 
become infected with these spores, it 
should be limed and not be planted in 
Irish potatoes for a year at least. 

10. It is evident that your soil is 
not well adapted to growing onions 
or the sets you planted were not of 
a good type. There are in nearlv 
all onion crops some of a type given 
to growing thick necked or scallions, 
as they are called. These should be 
always destroyed and neither seed nor 
sets be used for growing another crop 
Run a roller over the onions and 
crush down the tops. This will di- 
vert the strength of growth into the 
bulbs and may help you to get some 
return from the crop, but the crop 
will not make the yield it ought to 
do. Seasons also have considerable 
to do with this excessive top growth. 
—Ed. 



Soils Not Holding Improvement — 
Souring Land. 

1. Is it true that some soils will 
not hold improvement? I hear this 
from all the neighbors. 

2. It is true that a late fallow of 
heavy crops of pea vines, etc., will 
not sour land like it would in August? 

3. Would you advise to wait till af 
ter frost to turn under heavy crops 
of vegetation? 

THOMAS H. TRAVIS. 
Pittsylvania Co., Va. 
Yes. A soil with a loose, open. 




Country Water 
Works Outfit 



"Vou can have running water 
anywhere you want it, in 
the house, the barn, or on the 
grounds — in fact you can have 
all the conveniences that can 
be obtained from connection 
with city water works — by 
erecting on your place a 

GOODHUE 
WINDMILL 

and tank outfit such as is 
shown here. We can give you 
the tank on a separate tower 
if you prefer it that way. 

Goodhue Windmills have 
an engine way top (they work 
like an engine); they have 
double arms of heavy channel 
steel, giving more than double 
strength ; they govern perfect- 
ly in all kinds of wind; they 
have a practically noiseless 
brake; they are made in sizes 
and styles to meet all require- 
ments, and they are sold under 
a stronger guarantee than any 
other. Send to-day for FREE 
WINDMILL BOOK. 

APPLETON MFG. CO.. 

1 34 Fargo St., Batavia. III., U. S. A. / 



Don't Go to the Spring or Well 

Have the Water come to You 



For over twenty years we have been installing successfully, complete 
water supply systems, and they are performing their good work to-day 

"With our force of experienced workmen, we are better prepared to sup- 
ply your needs in this direction than any concern south of New York. 

We make a specialty of supplying Country Homes with pure, fresh water, 
and at a moderate cost. 

We are not tied down to any system, but are prepared to install the 
outfit which is best adapted to your particular needs. We are largest house 
in the South, dealing in water supply outfits, Pumps, Windmills, Gasoline 
Engines, Ram«. Pressure Tanks. Cynress Tanks and Towers. 

Catalogue and prices on any of the above will be sent on request. 

Sydnor Pump & Well Co., Inc. 

Department "B," Richmond, Virginia. 



Always mention The Southern 



Tell the advertiser where you say 



Planter when writing advertisers, his advertisement. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



739 



BUY 



BATTLE AXE SHOES 



Solid made 
BATTLE 

AXE^^E 
SHOES 
Save Farmers 
Money. 




Their 
Splendid Style 
Comfortable Fit 
Long Wear 
Low^ Price 



Explain why the celebrated, Solid made BATTLE AXE SHOES are 

so widely known and called 

THE FARMER'S FRIEND 

Stephen Putney Shoe Co., - Richmond, Virginia. 



National Pneumatic Water Supply. 

FOR COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Gives all the advantagres of a city water works and furnishes 
Are protection, which reduces insurance rates. The accompanying 
sketch shows a complete water system .bath and kitchen plumbing. 

In connection with our WATER SYSTEM and plumbing equip- 
ment, we furni'sh plans and specifications and equipment for the 
construction of septic sewer tanks which will dispose of your 
s«wage in a moat satisfactory manner. 

Send us rough sketch showing location of well and plumb- 
ing fixtures and give depth of well. If you have a spring give 
distance from house, fall from house to spring and fall obtain- 
able in spring, branch, and flow In gallons per minute. State 
how much water required per day, and we will furnish estimate 
•f cost free. 

We furnish system in any capacity from 140 gals, up, and 
for the application of any kind of power for pumping. 



Get oor prices on ^H^INDBIIIitiS, 
GASOLINB ENGINES, HOT AIR 
ENGINES, PUMPS OP ALI. KINDS, 
AND HYDRAULIC RAMS. IN- 

QUIRE ABOUT OUR BURNS ON 
RANGES. fVniTE FOR CATALOG. 



GRAHAM DAVIDSON & 
COMPANY. 

Richmond, - Virginia. 







HERE IS OUR GUARANTEE: 



You purchase a NATIONAL, WATER SUPPLY 
SYSTEM, install it according to directions fur- 
nished by us, operate it for one year, and if at tta* 
end of that time you are not satisfied in every par- 
ticular, YOU CAN RETURN THE SYSTEM TO US, 
AND \l'B WILL PAY THE FREIGHT CHARGES, 
AND REFUND TO YOU IN CASH EVERY DOL- 
LAR YOU HAVE PAID US. 



U2«QrststststQ(sts(QtsrcBtssrQCQ(SSC0raiiscsca 



740 



THE SOUTHERTT PLANTER. 



[July, 



leachy subsoil will not hold improve 
ment. The subsoil should be clay, 
preferably a red clay. 

2. A fallow of pea vines or clover 
should not be turned under when the 
soil is warm, or it will sour the land 
unless lime is applied as soon as the 
fallow is turned down. The proper 
time to turn down such a fallow is 
in the fall or early winter, after the 
vines have died down. 

3. We would wait until the vegeta- 
tion is dying or nearly dead. — Ed. 



Cooking Kohl Rabi. 

Will you be kind enough to tell 
me how Kohl Rabi is prepared for 
the table. A SUBSCRIBER. 

Goochland Co., Va. 

Pare and boil like turnips and serve 
either plain or with a thickened white 
sauce seasoning with pepper and salt 
and butter. — Ed. 



Merino Sheep — Ground Tobacco Stems 
. — Gasoline for Worms. 

1. I wish to get a Merino buck, are 
there any to be had in this State? 

2. When can ground tobacco stems 
be had. 

3. Is gasoline still regarded as the 
best remedy for stomach worms in 
sheep and lambs? If so, how much 
should be given to a ten or fifteen 
pound lamb? X. Y. 

Culpeper Co., Va. 

1. We do not know of any pure- 
bred Merino sheep kept in this State. 
There are a number of fine flocks 
kept in West Virginia of different 
types. If yon will write to the Di 
rector of the Experiment Station, Mos.. 
gantown. West Virginia, he will no 
doubt be able to give you the ad- 
dresses of some of the breeders or 
the Commissioner of Agriculture of 
the State, Charlestown, West Virginia, 
will likely be able to do so. 

2. You can get ground tobacco 
stems or tobacco dust from the seeds- 
men in this State who advertise in 
The Planter. Pretty nearly all the 
stems produced on this market are 
shinned to Louisville, Kentucky, to ? 
concern which uses them for making 
tobacco extract for dips, etc. Waste 
tobacco leaves can generally be hari 
from tobacco growers for feeding t*^ 
sheen. Trash lugs which are not 
worth shinning to market are sold for 
this purpose. 

3. We prefer to feed tobacco stem'' 
and trash to combat the worms rathe- 
than gasoline. We have very sati'^- 
factory renorts as to results from tb'- 
use of tobacco. See an article in tbi' 
issue. Gasoline is a remedv used wif^ 

•success, but it is a very drastic one 
and often fatal in use. — Ed. 



Is Horse Sound? 
Tc a hnrse soimd when he has corns' 
New Jersey. H. E. TENER. 

We should say no. No veterinarian 
ought, in our opinion, to pass a horse 



gainst Talk 



^7 



\ 




No matter how complicated his cream sep- 
arator, every "bucket bowl" manufac- 
turer claims his machine is simplest and 
easiest to clean. Even the makers of disk 
machines — with 40 to 60 pieces inside the 
bowl — make the same claims. Yet none 
of these "bucket bowl" fellows dare 
put pictures of their separator bowl 
parts into their advertisements — they 
all realize .that pictures would j>^ 

make their claims ridiculous. 
The Sharpies Dairy Tubu- 
lar Cream Separator is, with- 
out exception, the only sim- 
ple, sanitary, easy to clean 
separator made. We put pic- 
tures against "bucket bowl" 
talk. We frequently show you 
pictures of the light, simple 
Dairy Tubular Bowl and of 
heavy, complicated "bucket 
bowls. ' ' Compare them. They tell the whole story. It will take you less 
than thirty seconds to put "bucket bowl" claims where they belong. 
The self styled "original maker of disk machines" is trying to maintain 
sales by patent'infringement suits against equally cheap machines, that have 
been made for several years with disks like his. If you want to avoid work, 
expense and dissatisfaction, get a Sharpies Dairy Tubular. Made in the 
world's biggest and best separator factory. Branch factories in Canada and 
Germany. Sales greater than most, if not all, "bucket bowl" separators 
combined. Write for catalog. No. 290. 

The Sharpies Separator Go. 

Toronto, Can. Wesf Chester, Penna. Portlmd, ore. 
Winnipeg, Can. Chicago, Ills. San Francisco, Cal. 



One pan contains the single little 
piece used in Sharpies Dairy Tubu« 
lar bowls. The other contains noth- 
ing but disks from a single "bucket 
bowl." Which is simple and easy 
to clean ? 





o 

DOUBLE ACTION HARROW & CULTIVATOR 
FOR i007o CROPS tf ^ the 



With this tool more different kinds 
of work can be done, 
with iess effort, tlian 
•with any other. CLAKK'S is the only Disk Culti- 
vator that completely embodies the double action 
principle. It will do the work of several disk ma- 
chines that would cost you several times as much, 
and do it more thoroughly, because it has 4 gangs 
instead of only 2. The draft is always from centre — 
suitable for 2 light horses. Equipped with Extension 
Head and Jointed Pole, and when so ordered two 
large disks for Listing are supplied. 
Send today for our free Book, "Large Hay Crops." 

PUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 
8P1 Main St., HIGGANUWI, CONN. 



ORIGINAL 
. "CUTAWAY." 




as sound with corns or with indica- 
tions that he has suffered from corns, 
although at the time he might not 
walk lame. — Ed. 



Chess or Cheat? 



question I thought settled: Will wheat 
turn into chess? You will answer 
positively, No; hut how will you ex- 
plain why my wheat is full of it this 
year? That the chess seed was not 
in the land before the wheat was 



Excuse me if I ask once more the sown is proven by the fact that all 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



741 



L I I I 1 I I I 1 . I I I . I W ^-^-^ . I ■ .-<- 



aa 



HENRY FAIRFAX, 
President. 



AXFRED B. WILLIAMS, 
lat Vice President. 



SAM'L COHEN, 
2d Vice-President. 



O. J. SANDS, 

Treasurer. 



m VIRGINIA STATE FAIR m 



RICHMOND 



1 1, 



.1 ) 



5th 


6th 


7th 


8th 


$2 50 
2 50 
1 50 
1 50 


$1 50 
1 50 
1 00 
1 00 


$1 00 

1 00 

75 

75 


$ 50 
50 
50 
50 



OCTOBER 4-5-6-7-8-9- The First Week in October 

In the former issues of the Southern Planter announcements have been made of attractive cash premi- 
ums offered for exhibits of Farm Products, embracing in same CORN, WHEAT, GRASSES, VEGETABLES and 
the other FIELD, SEED, GRAIN, FORAGE and ROOT CROPS. 

KING CORN SPECIAL. 

This great special now amounts to nearly TWELVE HUNDRED DOLLARS in cash and $125.00 CORN 
BINDER, and it is confidently expected that BEFORE the FAIR is held TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED to 
THREE THOUSAND DOLLARS will be on hand to distribute among OUR Growers of Corn. The test will 
be to select and send to the Fair and enter either the best single ear, the best ten ears, the best twenty ears 
of white and yellow corn. Two-thirds of the total amount raised will be paid to winners of white corn; 
one-third to winners in the yellow corn classes. The Binder and all implements donated will be awarded 
exhibitor best single, ten and twenty ears, white or yellow. A JUDGE, or JUDGES of NATIONAL reputa- 
tion will make the awards, and every dollar raised will be paid exhibitors. . This Association offers the following 
secondary prizes in the King Corn Contest: 

2nd 3rd 4th 

10 ears White Corn $10 00 $7 50 $5 00 

10 ears Yellow Corn $10 00 7 50 5 00 

Single ear White Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 

Single ear Yellow Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 

ACRE YIELD CLASSES. 

These classes embrace large Cash Premiums for Corn raised on high land and low grounds, and also 
for grasses — alfalfa (one cutting only). 

COUNTY EXHIBITS. 
A First Prize of $100, Second of $75.00, Third of $50.00 will be paid in the County Exhibit Class. 

PEANUTS. 
Virginia produces a large part of the total PEANUT CROP, and the classes and premiums offered 
should interest all growers. THE AID AND SUPPORT OF THOSE INTERESTED IN THIS INDUSTRY IS 
URGED AND REQUESTED. 

TOBACCO. 
The following prizes will be paid in the Tobacco Classes. Be sure and send your exhibits 
(Exhibits to consist of one sample, grown by exhibitor, weighing not less than five pounds, nor more 
than eight pounds.) 

1st 2d 3d 1st 2d 

Prem. Prem. Prem. Frem. Prem. 

Sun Cured, Crop of 1909 $30 00 $15 00 $5 00 Brown Shipping. Crop of 1909. 30 00 15 00 

Olive Stemming, Crop of 1909.. 30 00 15 00 5 00 Brown Stemming, Crop of 1909 30 00 15 00 

BRIGHT TOBACCO CROP, 1909 — "FLUE CURED." 

1st 2d Prem. 

Prem. Prem. 1st 

Wrappers $10 00 $5 00. Fillers 10 00 

Cutters 10 00 5 00 Smokers 10 00 

RICHMOND TOBACCO TRADE — SWEEPSTAKE. 
For the Best Sample of Tobacco of above classes grown in Virginia by an ex- 
hibitor in above classes, sample to weigh not less than five nor more than 

eight pounds v $50 00 $25 00 

LIVE STOCK. 
An indispensable feature of every farm, in order to bring together even better exhibits than those 
which have reflected such great credit at the last three annual fairs. The classification in the 

HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP AND SWINE 
Departments have been greatly enlarged, and adequate prizes are now offered for every breed of com- 
mercial importance. In order to show how complete the classification is, one section of the Swine Depart- 
ment is copied: 

BERKSHIRE. 



3d 
Prem. 

5 00 
5 00 



Prem. 
2d 
5 00 
5 00 



Ribbon 



Boar, 2 yrs. or over $10 00 



mos. and under 2 



Boar, 

yrs 

Boar, 1 yr. and under 18 mos. 
Boar, 6 and under 12 mos. 

Boar, under 6 mos 

Sow, 2 yrs. or over 10 00 

Sow, 8 mos. and under 2 yrs. 
Sow, 1 yr. and under 18 mos. 
Sow, 6 mos. and under 12 mos. 8 00 



$6 00 



$2 00 



8 00 


5 00 


2 00 


8 00 


5 00 


2 00 


8 00 


5 00 


2 00 


(i 00 


4 00 


1 00 


00 


6 00 


2 00 


8 00 


5 00 


2 00 


8 00 


5 00 


2 00 



5 00 



2 00 



Sow, under 6 mos 6 00 

Get of one Boar 10 00 

Produce of One Sow 10 00 

Exhibitor's Herd 10 00 

Breeder's Young Herd 10 00 

Brood Sow and Six Pigs 10 00 

Championship 10 00 

Boar, any age 10 00 

Sow, any age 10 00 



4 00 


1 00 


7 00 


3 00 


7 00 


3 00 


7 00 


3 00 


7 00 


3 00 


4 00 


2 00 


Rest Ribbons. 


Rest R 


bbons. 


Rest Ribbons. 



An Appeal 



Is again made for the hearty support and aid of the farmers of Virginia. It is your Fair. Get ac- 
quainted with the numerous offers — the Premium List containing more than THREE THOUSAND CLASSES 
will be ready for mailing on July 10th. Send us a postal with your address on it; a copy will be mailed 
you FREE of COST. 

The Fair is Here to Stay. "THE FIRST WEEK IN OCTOBER." 

PREMIUM LIST READY JULY lOTH. SEND YOUR NAME TO 



-sx 



MARK R. LLOYD, General Manager, RICHMOND, VA. 



742 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



WE CLMM to furnish and install, in country or town, the very 

best WATER SUPPLY SVSTEH/IS, with PRESSURE TANKS, 

where NO TOWER IS USED, the very latest 

up-to-date arrangement 

Also steel towers, and ELEVA TED TANKS with GASOLENE ENGINES, 
wind mills, hydraulic rams. . The famous **RED JACKET** Pumps 



RICHMOND ENGINE & PUMP COMPANY — 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 



•ASHTON STARKE 



plants stand in the drill rows with 
the wheat, none between the rows, 
and I never saw any chess in that 
lot. Therefore, it must have been in 
the wheat I sowed. I had no chess 
in my wheat last year; ran the wheat 
over a good smut mill, soaked it in 
bluestone, as I always do, but, after 
putting it in bags ready for sowing, 
it rained a little, which delayed the 
sowing for two or three days. I did 
not think it would injure the wheat, 
but it did, as it came up very thin, 
not more than one-half or two-thirds 
coming up, and now a good part o^ 
that is chess. Further, there was no 
chess in the separator which threshed 
my wheat, as I let it run empty a 
while before we started threshing for 
fear there might be some mayweed 
seed in it, which I abhor more than 
any other weed. CHRIS RICKERS. 

Lunenburg, Co., Va. 

We have so often and so fully dis- 
cussed this chess or cheat question 
anl allowed the same to be so fully 
ventilated pro and con through the 
columns of The Planter that we must 
decline again to re-open the subject 
for discussion. It is absolutely cer- 
tain that neither wheat nor oats will 
change to chess or cheat. Chess is 
a distinct plant from either wheat or 
oats and can only be produced from 
its own seed. This seed is more hardy 
and persistent than either wheat or 
oats and, where the wheat or oats are 
killed out or fail to grow, chess or 
cheat will often come in to supplv the 
missing crop. The seed is either 
sown in the wheat ur oats or it has 
lain dormant in the soil from previous 
seeding and germinates because the 
opportunity comes when it can do so 
by reason of being brought within the 
influence of the sun and air and in 
the absence of another crop to 
smother it down. It is certain that 
nothing you did or can do will change 



The CASE COMBINEDDISK and SHOVEL CULTIVATOR 

W^lth Extra Strons Staggered Spoke Wheels, Self-Liibrlcating and Dust-proof. 

The Case Disk Cultivator responds in- 
stantly to the will of the operator, and 
the change in direction is accomplished 
by the slightest pressure of the foot. 
Provision has been made for locking 
the cultivator into a rigid position for 
transportation. It can be easily regu- 
lated for plowing to various depths. The 
disks are easily reversible, so that the 
dirt can be thrown up to the corn or 
away from it without disturbing the 
roots. A slight flexibility is allowed the 
?angs by spring pressure which holds 
them in the ground, so that no evil ef- 
fects result from striking obstructions. 
Gangs can be easily set at a sharp angle, 
idapting them to use in cultivating listed 
corn. 

The change is made simply by chang- 
ing the position of hand lever and pawl. 
The bearings are thoroughly protected 
against dust and dirt by our new dirt 
recepiacle. The wheels are adjustable in and out to change the width of 
tread to the spaces ordinarily re<Juired. 

Slxteen-lnch disks are furnished. Provision has been made for attach- 
ing two extra, disks for harrow equipment, if desired. 
Our complete Catalog of Improved Farm Machinery sent to any address Free. 

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 1302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 




MOlff HINISM CURED 

No Experiment. 




Alcoholism, Morphine 
and other drug addic- 
tions cured in from four 
to six weeks. 28 yeeurs 
II successful experience. 
Write for our booklet, 
"What do You Drink" 
The Keeley Institute, 

GREENSBORO. N. C. 



TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



743 



the nature of the wneat or oats and 
result in a crop of chess. What you did 
may have weakened the germinative 
power of the wheat and the chess 
then supplanted the wheat because 
the seed was more resistant to injury 
than the wheat. You either sowed 
chess with your wheat or it was al- 
ready in the land, notwithstanding all 
the precautions you took to avoid it. 
—Ed. 



Feeding Colts. 

Will you give me the amount of 
feed that should be given to a mule 
and horse colt the first year, second 
year and third year, both corn, oats, 
and hay to keep him growing? I can 
turn him out in summer to grass. 

St. Mary Co., Md. READER. 

A fair allowance of grain for the 
colt measured in oats, which is the 
best grain to feed to growing colts, 
as they prov'de material for bone and 
muscle building rather than fat-mak- 
ing food like corn is, up to one year 
of age, from two to three pounds per 
day. From one to two years of age, 
four to five pounds per day. From 
two to three years of age, seven to 
eight pounds per day. With this grain 
should be fed all the good, sweet, well 
cured hay the colts will eat. — Ed. 



Pimples on Horses. 
Two of my horses have pimples the 
size of a chestnut on neck and should- 
ers, and where harness rubs them 
they make sores. Will you kindly 
suggest remedy? SED. 

These pimples are probably caused 
by a too heating or stimulating diet 
in this hot season. Cut off the corn 
or reduce it considerably and let the 
horses have grass or clover instead. 
Bathe the skin with extract of witch 
hazel or with a solution of oak bark 
made by boiling oak bark in water. 
Where the pimples have been chafed 
until broken, apply vaseline mixed 
with sugar of lead — one ounce vase- 
line to half a dram of sugar of lead — 
and see that the collars and harness 
are washed clean and fit comfortably 
and are padded so as not to irritate 
the skin. — Ed. 



Weeds In Alfalfa for Name — Alfalfa 
Dying Out. 

I have two acres of alfalfa which 
was seeded September 4, 1909, on 
which I used two tons of lime, one 
ton 16 per cent, acid phosphate, and 
two hundred pounds 50 per cent muri- 
ate of potash; also, about one ton un- 
leached hardwood ashes. The soil is 
a good loam and was broken eight to 



ten inches deep and thoroughly culti- 
vated. Sowed fifty pounds inoculated 
seed got a splendid stand, and cut it 
five times last year, and it was com- 
paratively clear of weeds. Marcn first, 
last, I put on about one ton of ashes. 
Have just cut it and it is full of chess, 
sorrell and other weeds, and in one 
place a moss-like weed, which has 
completely eaten out the alfalfa. I 
enclose sample of it and would like 
to know what it is and how to get 
rid of same. Also, tell me the cause 
of alfalfa dying out; mine is not more 
than one-fifth as thick as it was last 
year. OLD SUBSCRIBER. 

Mecklenburg Co., Va. 

The plant sent is Knawell (German 
knot grassK It is an annual of some- 
what the same habit of growth as 
chickweed. It is not likely that this 
weel will kill out the alfalfa, but it 
will take possession of the ground if 
the seed is there after the alfalfa has 
begun to fail. It should not be al- 
lowed to mature seed and then it 
will not come the next year. Your al- 
falfa is failing because of lack of 
food in the soil to maintain the 
draught made on the land by the 
heavy crops you have grown. You 
ought to have fed the crop after the 
last cutting by applying a heavy dress- 
ing of acid phosphate or bone meal, 



ACCA STOCK FARM 

Trotting Horses and Jersey Cattle 

of the richest breeding and most fash- 
ionable strains of blood. Our herd of 
Jerseys has been selected with great 
care, and includes choice representa- 
tives of families, both noted as pro- 
ducers and show ring winners. 

STALLIONS IN SERVICE. 

Aknr, 42021, chestnut horse, 4, by 
Aquilin, 2:19%, son of Bingen, 2:06%; 
dam Pavetta, by Pistachio, 2:21%. 
Akar paced a trial in 2:15% with 
quarters better than 30 seconds last 
season at 3 years old. 

Berro, 41821, trotter, bay horse, 4, 
by Bingar, son of Bingen, 2:06%, dam 
Keshena, by Kremlin, 2:07%. 

Fee for either horse $25 season, with 
return privilege. Address, 

GRIFFITH & SAUNDERS, 

Acca Stock Farm, 

Richmond, Va. 



Can Cancer be Cured ? 

IT CAN. 

We want every man and woman in 
the United States to know what we 
are doing — we are curing Cancers, Tu 
mers and Chronic Sores without the 
use of the knife or by X-Ray, and are 
endorsed hv the Senate and Legisla- 
ture of Virginia. 

We Guarantee our Cures. 

KELLAM HOSPITAL, 

1615 TVest Main St., Richmond, Va. 

FRED C. KELLAM, President. 



S. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS, "BLUB 
Ribbon" strain; extra fine cockerels 
for sale. Eggs for sitting at all 
times. SUNCREST POULTRY COM- 
PANY, Highland Park, Richmond, Va. 




MONTROSE 

Shetland Pony Farm 

Registered Shetlands, highest type 
and quality, both imported and na- 
tive bred. Choice brood mares, with 
foal and young stallions. Well 
mannered, perfectly broken ponies 
and youngsters for sale at attract- 
ive prices. Beautiful and Intelli- 
gent little pets for children. In- 
formation cheerfully furnished. Ad- 
dress 

Dr. NASH P. SNEAD 

CORTERSVILLE 
Cumberland County, Virginia 



STONERIDGE 

AND 

Shetland Stock Farms 

Wealth, 29579, record 2.10; brown horse, 
16 hands, by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19i4, 
dam Magnolia, by Norfolk. Fastest 
harness stallion in Virginia. Blue rib- 
bon winner. $25 Insurance. 

IRVING J. COFFIN, 

Phone 4464-L. R. F. D. No.5, 

Richmond, Va. 



WANTED, BY NOVEMBER 1, 1909, 
farm manager for an up-to-date 
1.000-acre farm in Albemarle coun- 
ty; must be man of executive abil- 
ity and tried experience in manage- 
ment of large stock farm: must un- 
derstand handling and feeding of 
stock on scientific principles and 
the working and care of machinery; 
must furnish references of success- 
ful management of such places. Ad- 
dress P. O. Box 255, Charlottesville, 
Va. 



JOSEPH A. TR.4I1VUM. 
Practical Horseshoer. 

Horses balanced and lameness treat- 
ed. Satisfaction guaranteed. 

18th and Cary St.s', Richmond, Va. 

BO\V AXWORTHY, 40483, 
Property of Mr. Joseph VVUmer, 

Bay horse, foaled 1904, by Axwor- 
thy, 2:151/2; dam famous Sunol, 2:06%, 
former world's champion trotter, by 
Electioneer, 125. A large, handsome 
horse and a natural trotter, combin- 
ing the blood of George Wilkes and 
Electioneer, world's greatest trotting 
families. 

FEE, $25 season, with return privi- 
lege. Address, 

PLAIN DEALING STOCK FARM, 
Scottesvllle, Va. 

JACK COOK, 2504 

Gray horse, trial 2:26%, trotting, by 
General Wilkes, 2:21%, dam Irene Fell, 
dam of Johnny Agan, 2:05%, etc., by 
Mambrino Abdallah, 2201. Jack Cook 
has sired Capt. Cook, 2.20%, and other 
winners. 

For terms address 



•W. C. COLGATE, 



Saxe, Va. 



DR. DONALD McPHAIL, Randolph, Va. 



744 



THE SOUTHERN- PLANTER. 



[•T"ly, 



or, better, a mixture of the two, say. 
200 pounds of each per acre, and 50 
pounds of muriate of potash per acre. 
The sod should have been cut over 
with the disc harrow with the disc 
run straight and then this fertilizer 
applied as a top dressing. This would 
have renewed the growth which would 
then have smothered down the weeds. 
We would do this now and try to set 
it to growing again. — Ed. 



THE WITTY WARDEN. 
"You'd hardly expect to find a sense 
of humor in prison officials," says an 
American representative on the Inter- 
national Prison Commission, "but dur- 
ing an inspection xuade by some 
Americans interested in penal mat- 
ters of a. penitentiary in England, one 
of us was thus surprised: 

" 'I presume," observed the Ameri- 
can, 'that here, as elsewhere, you 
prison officials find existence painful 
enough.' 

" 'I think you may fairly say so, 
sir,' replied the warden, with a grim 
smile, 'seeing .the number of felons 
we have on our hands.' " — Lippin- 

cott's. — 

^ DETAIL INDEX. 

White Multiplier Onions 728 

Seeding Crimson Clover on 

Wheat Stubble 728 

Bloody Milk 730 

Peanuts on Crimson Clover 

Fallow 730 

Smut in Wheat 731 

Warts on Cow 731 

Spanish Peanuts — Sweet Potatoes 
and Irish Potatoes for Chicken 

Feed 732 

Silo Building 732 

Plants for Name — Mildew on 

Roses 733 

Hog Pasture — Strawberries, Rasp- 
berries and Blackberries 733 

Grass for Name 734 

Turkey Buzzard — Lima Beans — 
Irish Potato Scab— Chickens 

Paralyzed, Etc 734 

So.ils Not Holding Improvement 

— Souring Land 738 

Cooking Kohl Rabi 740 

Merino Sheep — Ground Tobacco 
Stems — Gasoline for Worms... 740 

Is Horse Sound ? 740 

Chess or Cheat? 740 

Feeding Colts 743 

Pimples on Horses 743 

Weeds in Alfalfa for Name — ^Al- 
falfa Dying Out 743 {_ 




tMERICANSAW MILLS 

VARIAB7.E FRICTION FEED 

Ratchet Set AVorks, 

Q,ulck Receder. 

Duplex Steel Dogs 
Strong, Accurate 

and Reliable 

__ Best material and 

^ workmanship, light 
■^ running, requires 

little power; simple, 

easy to handle; 

won't get out of or- 

.ipr. 

BELT FEED MILLS 
in all sizes. 



^,^ n Tx^ Carnages can be furnished with any of our mills. 
No. 1 Warranted to cut 2,000 feet per day with 6 H. P. engine. 



„<.,„. , ., „ • '--- — .' ".". " '■-. .... v,ijgine. Seven 

other sizes made. Also Edgers, Trimmers, Shingle Machines, Lath Mills, Rip 
and Cut-Off Saws, Drag Saws, Cordwood Saws and Feed Mills. Catalogue 
sent free. 

"Rowe. Mass., October 24, 1905. — I have a No. 1 American Saw Mill ana 
send you an order for another .lust like it. I run it with my 8 H.-P. port- 
able gasoline engine; have sawed 5,000 feet of lumber in ten hours with it 
without any trouble. I us'e a 48-inch saw. Yours truly, 

"BRADLEY C. NEWELL." 
A3IERICA1V SAW MILL, MACHINERY CO., 137 Hope St., Hackettstown, N.J. 

Agents in Richmond, Norfolk and Wytheville, Va., Wilmington, New 
Berne and Greensboro, N. C, and Columbia, S. C. Ask for names. 



$35^° FANNING MILL 



A Fanning Mill Free. If there are no dealers near 
you selling the famous Racine Line of Farm and Ware- 
house Fanning Mills, that clean, grade, separate and bag 
all kinds of grain and seeds as well as cow peas, velvet 
beans, rice, peanuts, chufas, etc., then write today for 
particulars about our free mill to one person In each 
neighborhood who will furnish us his neighbor's names 
to whom we can write to call and see the mill and who 
will show what the mill will do when they call to see it. 

JOHNSON & FIELD MF'G. CO., Box 102, Racine, Wis. 




^ SAVE MONEY j^ 

By writing when in need of any description of 

Machinery, Boilers, Engines, Tanks, Cars, 

Rail Beams, Channels, Plates, Angles, threaded Pipe sizes d to 6 inches.) 
All sizes iron pipe and shells for road draining, etc Boxes, Shafting, Pul- 
leys, Hangers, Cable, Belting, and thousands of other useful articles in the 
Largest Stock in the South of used 

J0' SUPPLIES J0' 

CLARENCE COSBY. 1519-31 East Cary St. RICHMOND, VA. . 
L. D. Phone, No. 3526. 



TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE YOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



''Carolina" Canning Outfits 



The handsomest, cheapest and most 
convenient line in America. Canners 
with a capacity — not little stove out- 

*, • i- ,, . , ,. — fl**"- Thousands of satisfied customers 

are now enthusiastic walking advertisers for us. If you intend buying a Home or Market Canner, our free 
booklet explains all. Write to-day. THARP HARDAVARE & MANUFACTURING CO., Elkin, N. C. 



THE RANEY CANNERS 

Are famous throughout the Country. Fifteen years experience has made them perfect. Don't experiment, but buy THE 
CANNER WITH THE REPUTATION. We supply every thing you need in the business. Let us send you our 

"'*^°'' THE RANEY CANNER COMPANY., Chapel Hill, N. C. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



745 



REPORTS. 

U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. — Annual re- 
ports of the Department of Agri- 
culture for year ending June, 
1908. Report of the Secretary of 
Agriculture. Report of Chiefs. 

Bureau of Animal Industry. Cir- 
cular 140. The Egg Trade of the 
United States. 

OflSce of Experiment Stations. Bull. 
204. School Gardening and Na- 
ture Study in English Rural 
Schools and in London. 

Office of Experiment Stations. Ex 
periment Station Record, Vol. XX, 
No. 9. 

Bureau of Statistics . Bull. 73. The 
Cost of Producing Minnesota 
Farm Products, 1902-1907. 

Farmers' Bull. 318. Cowpeas. 

Farmers' Bull. 353. Experiment 
Station Work. Growing Potatoes- 
Under Straw. Hens vs. Incubat 
ors. Preservation of Eggs. Sik 
Construction, Etc. 

Farmers' Bull. 354. Onion Culture 

Farmers' Bull. 355. A Successful 
Poultry and Dairy Farm. 

Farmers' Bull. 356. Peanuts. 

Farmers' Bull. 357. Methods of 
Poultry Management at the 
Maine Agricultural Experiment 
Station. 

Farmers' Bull. 358. A Primer of 
Forestry. Part II. Practical For- 
estry. 

Farmers' Bull. 359. Canning Vege 
tables at Home. 



Arizona Experiment Station, Tuczon, 
Ariz. Nineteenth Annual Report. 

Colorado Experiment Station, Fort 
Collins, Col. Bull. 136. Dewberry 
Growing. 

Bull. 137. Some Animal Diseases. 



Bull. 138. Some Bacterial Diseases 

of Plants. 
Bull. 139. Pruning Mature Fruit 

Trees. 
Bull. 140. Strawberry Growing. 
Illinois Experment Station, Urbana, 
111. Bull 130. Experiments with Re- 




FARQUHAR 

TtJR[SniNGMACniN[RY 

RAKE SEPARATORS, VIBRATOR 
SEPARATORS. All the Latest Improvements 

THRESHING ENGIIMES. HORSE. All Stvles and Sizes 

The most durable and 
lightest draft threshing ma- 
chinery manufactured. 

Threshes, separates, cleans 
ind bags ready for market. 
Wastes less grain, runs light- 
er, is stronger, more com- 
plete and durable and less 
liable to get out of order 
than any other kind. Get our 
prices and terms on any size 
outfit you may want. 

Complete catalogue of farm 
Implements mailed on request. 

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 1302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 




[llNlON 

rl^erc is 

IStrm 

Capital, 

c::oo,ooo 

Surplus, 
9400,000. 
Deposits, 
91,500,000 



NBA 



Three Splendid Reasons! 











You should deposit your money in a savings bank: 

First, because it will be safe; Second, it will begin 
to increase from the first ceposit, and Third, you 
wi I be able to meet adverse fortune well prepared. 
Don't Delay. DO IF NOW. Make a Deposit in 

The Oldest, Strongest and Safest Savings Bank in the South 

Pays Interest at 3 Per ent. Compounded twice a year 

UNION BANK OF RICH YIOND. 1107 E. Main St.. Richmond, Va. 

Write for our Method of "BANKING BY MAIL", Mention this paper. 



746 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[July, 



pellants Against the Corn Root 
Aphis, 190o-190t>. 
Bull. 131. Habits and Behaviour of 

the Corn Field Ant. 
Bull. 132. The Effect of Selection 
Upon Certain Characters in the 
Corn Plant. 
Bull 133. Ear Rots of Corn. 

Kansas Experiment Station, Manhat- 
tan, Kan. Circular 1. Treating 
Seed Corn to Protect it from Bur- 
rowing Animals. 

Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 
Topeka, Kan. Sixteenth Biennial 
Report. As usual an example of 
what a State Board of Agriculture 
report should be. Would that the 
Executive officers of other Boards 
would do their work like Secre- 
tary Coburn, we should then know 
much more of the resources of 
the different States and how to 
develop them. 

Louisiana Experiment Station, Raton 
Rouge, La. Twenty-first Annual 
Report. 

Maryland Experiment Station, College 
Park, Md. Bull. 132. Irish Potato 
Investigations. 

Michigan Experiment Station, Agri- 
cultural College, Mich. Bull. 253. 
Can the General Farmer Afford 
to Grow Apples, and Suggestions 
on Improving and Spraying Or 
chards. 

Minnesota Experiment Station, St. 
Paul, Minn. Bull. 113. Hog 



Cholera and Hog Cholera Vac- 
cine. 

Bull. 114. Potato Experiments. 

Bull. 115. Seed Grain. Selection. 
Treatment, Etc. 

University Bulletin, Short Course on 

Traction Engineering. 
Mississippi Experiment Station, Agri- 
cultural College, Miss. Bull. IZO. 
Farmers' Institute Bulletin. 
Nebraska Experiment Station, Lin- 
coln, Neb. Bull. 109. Crop Pro- 
duction in Western Nebraska. 

Press Bull. 30. Rolling Winter 
Wheat. 
New Mexico Experiment Station, Agri- 
cultural College, N. Mex. Nine- 
teenth Annual Report. 
Purdue Experiment Station, Lafay- 
ette, Ind. Bull. 132. Result of 
Co-operative Tests of Varieties of 
Corn, Wheat, Oats, Soy Beans 
and Cowpeas. 

Bull. 133. Commercial Fertilizer. 
Rhode Island Experiment Station, 
Kingston, R. I. Report for the 
year ended June 30, 1908. 
South Carolina Experiment Station, 
Clemson College, S. C. Bull. 142. 
Stomach Worm Disease of Sheep 
and Young Cattle. 

Bull. 143. Some Injurious Orchard 
Insects. 

Bull. 144. Celery. 

Bull. 145. Fertilizer Experiment 
With Cotton. 
Tennessee Experiment Station, Knox- 



ville, Tenn. Bull. 8. The Soy 
Bean, a Comparison Witn the 
Cowpea. 

Virginia Experiment Station, Blacks- 
burg, Va. Bull. 181. Wormy 
Apples and How to Prevent 
Them. 
Cir. 6. Improving the Corn Crop. 
Cir. 7. Fighting the Insect Pests 
and Diseases of the Orchard, Field 
and Garden Crops. 

Virginia State Board of Agriculture, 
Richmond, Va. Report of the 
Commissioner and State Board of 
Agriculture. 
Bull. 7. Report of the Test Farm, 
Saxe, Va. 

Virginia Weather Service, Richmond, 
Va. Report for April, 1908. 

Virginia Health Department, Rich- 
mond, Va. Bull. 9. Smallpox. 
Bull. 10. State Tuberculosis Sana- , 

torium. Etc. 
Bull. 11. Sanitary Aspects of the 
Virginia Oyster Industry. 

West Virgnia State Board of Agri- 
culture, Charleston, W. Va. Re- 
port for quarter ending March, 
1909. Report of the proceedings 
of the first annual meeting of the 
West Virginia Branch of the 
American Poultry Association. 



A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. AddresB 
our Business Decartment. 



^ t.^^ y% ^ HENCH ® DROMGOLD 

CORN DRILLS. 

HOOSIER AND SATTERLEE 

CORN PLANTERS AND WIRE 
CHECK=ROWERS. 

POSTAL US FOR CATAIiOGUES OR ANY INFOR« 
MATION DESIRED. 

Fairbanks-Morse Gasoline ' and Kerosene En- 
gines, Wind-Mills, Towers, Tanks, New Holland 
Corn and Cob Mills, Wood Saws, Cwensbor* and 
Buckeye Farm Wagons, Hickory and Peters Bug- 
gies and Carriages, Bissell and Genuine Dixl« 
Plows and Repairs, J. I. Case Portable and Trac- 
tion Engines, Separators. 

NEW IDEA MANURE 
SPREADER. 

Bollt like a wagon — Axle« Bame 
length. Tlre« 4 Inches Trtde— Be"t o« 
earth. Write for special offer on llr«t 
machine sold In each connty of our ter- 
ritory. 

HOENNIGER & SIZEMORE INC. 

1433E.MAIHST., - RICHMOND, VA. 





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1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



747 



LEADING 1909 UP-TO-DATE LABOR SAVING TWENTIETH CENTURY MACHINERY. 

TODSHEITiy. 

THE ROSS 




Kemp's Twentieth Century Imoroved 
Manure Spreader. Made in three 
sizes. Write for prices and catalog:. 

Studebaker Bugreries, all styles: Stu- 
debaker Carriages; Studebaker Carts; 
Studebaker Runabouts. Special urices 
given on Studebaker and Brown Wag- 
ons, Buggies and Carts. 





The "GENUINE BROWN RIDING 
AND WALKING CULTIVATORS. 

Write for special catalogue and 
prices. 



TAKES THE IPLACE OF 

THE OLD R4KE!^ND 

BROOM METHOD OF 

CLEANING LAWNS, 

SIDEWALKS, 

DRIVEWAYS, 

Jt ETC. Ji 



The " APOLLO " LAAVN SWEEPER. 



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MILWAUKEE HAY TOOLS AND 

FORKS — All styles. "Write for cir- 
culars and prices. 

Champion Binders, lUoTvers, Rakes and 
Tedders, all sizes. 

Keystone Hay Loaders and Rakes. 
ANTI-DIRT MIIiK PAIL,. 

First, It prevents dirt, hair and 
other substances from dropping Into 
the milk while milking. 

Second, it strains the milk twice 
through two fine strainers while 
milking. 




ECONOMY SILO 

The most novel, practical aiia perfect 
doorway ot the 20th Century. Con- 
tinuous hoops with hoop support. 
Perfectly air tight. Built on scien- 
tific and mechanical principles. 
Fully warranted. Write far Illustra- 
ted catalogue and Informatloa. 



HENING ® NUCKOLS, 1436-38 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



CASE CRANK SHIFT CULTIVATOR 

This Cultivator Is a combination of two popular types — the "Crank Shift" and "Pendulum Swing" — the 
best features of both being combined in it. 

The Shift. — The shifting or dodging of the gang's is done by a straight forward and back movement 
of the feet. The leverage is so powerful that it Is done with practically no effort, and the gang responds 
so quickly that crooked corn can be perfectly cultivated. 

The Levers. — When at work the levers are down. Raising them a few Inches brings the coll lift 
springs Into play, and the gangs are lifted high without effort on the part of the operator. Mounted on 
the main levers are racks and short levers used in regulating the depth of cultivation with their gang, 
each independent of the other. To cultivate deep with either gang, it is only necessary to set the 
short lever backward or forward to cultivate shallow. By this ingen- 
ious arrangement of levers, one gang can be lowered to follow a 
dead furrow, and the other raised to cultivate a ridge, or both low- 
ered in crossing a furrow or low spot. Setting the gangs with the 
short lever has no effect on their being lifted full height out of the 
ground with the main levers. 

The Telescope Axle. — Like all other features, this one is perfect, 
and permits a range of adjustment between wheels from 44 inches out 
to 52 Inches. 

The Wheels.r— The wheels are made with removable and capped 
hub — the kind that can be greased right without removing anything 
but the cap. Better than dust-proof, for every greasing forces out all 
the old greases and any dirt that may have gotten into the bearing. 



CASE WALKING CULTIVATOR 

Has adjustable coil-lifting springs which are attached to a sleeve 
themselves^ °" forward end of the gangs instead of the gangs 

When in action the adjusting springs come immediately over the 
axle, but as the gangs are raised from the ground the springs 
are carried out from the center and increase in pressure as the han- 

Cli6S £LI*6 r&lS6Cl* 

OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE, GIVING PRICES ON ALL FARM MACHINERY, SENT FREE ON REQUEST. 

THE IMPLEMENT CO. 





1302 E. MAIN STREET 



RICHMOND, VA. 



748 



THE SOUTHERN" PLAN^TER. 



[July, 



Not a Cent in Advance 



To show our faith in our buggies and surreys, we will ship any reputable person any rig we sell, 
and let him set it up and examine it thoroughly, and if it is entirely satisfactory to him, he may pay for it 
ten days after its arrival. All that is necessary is for him to send us two references, for this is simply 
business. What we want to do is to make it possible for everyone to secure our low prices, for we sell ve- 
hicles cheaper than anyone in the. Bast, at no risk at all to them. Please remember that you may return any 
rig ordered, at our expense, within ten days if it is not what you wish. 

THIS TOP BUQQY ONLY $45.00 




t 



We have built up a large vehicle business by selling high grade rigs at wholesale prices, for our 
profit usually is not more than 10 per cent. Our factory is in Virginia, and freight to you on any rig will 
be very little. We also carry a stock in our warehouse in Richmond, and can ship you either from our fac- 
tory or from Richmond, as you may desire. 

Send for Our New^ Buggy Catalogue. 

We have just gotten out some special styles for this season, so be sure and send for our catalogue 
before buying. Remember that we are headquarters for everytning the farmer needs. 

The Spotless Company 

122 SHOCKOE SQUARE, RICHMOND, VA. 

THE.SOUTH'S MAIL ORDER HOUSE 



Farmers A Merchants, Attention! 

The Largest Dealers in Agricultural Implements, 
Vehicles, Harness, Saw Mills, Gasolene Engines, 
Cider Mills, Etc..^ .. 

1426 East Main St. and 1438 East Fia^^fdin St., RICHMOND, VA. 





want, and for Catalogue 
The world's 

famous 

Monarch 
"Corn Meal 

and Feed 
Mill." Gen- 
uine French 
Burrs. To be 
appreciated 
it must be tried 



Agents for 
R. & V. and 
Alamo Gaso- 
leneEngines 
from 2 to 20 
Horse Pow- 
er. Write us 
for prices on 
sizes you 





The Sharpie's 
New Tubular 'A' 
Different from 
the others. Al- 
ways in the lead. 
Not a 'Has Been, 
but a Right Now' 
Cream Separator 



The finest 
line of Run- 
abouts, Top 
Buggies and 

Surries al- 
wayscarried 
in Stock 




The New 
Deere Hay 
Loader. It 
loads any kind 
of hay cleanly 
and rapidly 
without break- 
ing or injuring 
in any way. 
Write for 
special cir- 
cular. 





The Hocking 

Valley Cider 

Mill. The 

best on the 

market. Has 

wooden crush 

ing roller and 

steel teeth, 

which does 

not discolor 

the cider or 

give it the 

taste of the 



Cast-iron Roller. 



Agents for 
Dain Hay 

Presses 

Both Horse 

Power and 

Steam 

Power. 




For Sale by THE WATT PLOW COMPANY, 

RICHMOND, VA 

1426 East Main Street, ... 1438 East Franklin Street. 



The Nortwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. 



Is Paying out and Investing in both VIRGINIA and NORTH 
CAROLINA more than it receives from these States 

New Business in Virginia, 1908 l^w Gain in Insurance in force in Virginia, 

$2,147,800 '^^^ 1908, $1,374,975 

Larger than any other Company ^?K^ , 60% More than the Next Largest 

T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent for Virginia & North Carolina 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

- - Corrugated V-Crimp RooHnf^ - - 

painted and galvaniaed 
**Bestoid" Rubber Roofing 

Carey's Magnesia Cement Roofing 

Tarred Paper, Tiu Plate, Lime, Ce- 
ment, Hardware, Terra Cotta Pipe> 
Wire Fence, Drain Tile, etc. 

SEND FOR CATALOGUE 

BALDWIN & BROWN. 1557 E. MAIN ST., RICHMOND, VA. 

THE LITTLE SAMSON PEANUT PICRER 

AND GRAIN THRESHER COMBINED 





The above machine can be bought as a Peanut Picker and at a amall additional coat the Grain Threahlns 
A.ttachnientB can be secured, which will enable the same machine to thresh Grain; or we can furnish a stralKhl 
■rain machine for gn^aln only. 

Simplest, IlKhtest and most durable machine on the market, and sold at reasonable prices. Furnished 
either mounted or unmounted. Write for prices. Also see our advertisement on another pase of our Little 
Samsoa Vertical Bnvlne with Plckerlns Governor. 



STRATTON CD. BRAGG CO., 



Petersburg, Virginia.