This book made available by the Internet Archive.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

<.) 1

especially ewes should be without rutabagas or turnips for them during the winter. They will bring ewes to lambing in better shape than any other feed as they are of a lax tive and cooling nature and keep the sheep healthy and ensure a good flow of milk after lambing. These roots are also excellent feed for cattle and hogs, ensuring bet ter results from the corn fed. We have fed a bushel of roots per head per day to milking and feeding cattle with great profit.

Sow crimson clover or a mixture of crimson clover, ■wheat and rye, or hairy or winter vetch on all land from which crops have been removed and which are not seeded in grass or clover. Sow the clover at the rate of ten to fifteen pounds to the acre with three pecks of the grain mixed in equal parts. Sow the vetch at the rate of three pecks to the acre with half a bushel of winter oats or winter oats and wheat mixed. These mixtures so seeded will make excellent winter covers for the land and prevent wasting of fertility and also provide grazing for stock more or less all winter and then make either a hay crop in May or June or can be plowed down to add humus to the soil. These crops are of more value to Southern lands as recuperators of the humus or vegetable matter which is the element most needed to make our lands productive than anything else that can be applied and they cost so little beyond labor that they are within the reach of every farmer.

Don't let the weeds grow on your stubbles until they rob the soil of all the moisture and fertility or smother out the grass and clover which was seeded with the grain. You cannot grow a crop of weeds without robbing your land and they give you nothing back. As soon as they have grown tall enough to cut with a mower run it over the field and let the weeds remain as a mulch. In this way they will be prevented seeding and the making of the seed is when they injure the land most, and at the same time you will be preventing the sowing of another crop of weeds to make work for another year.

The saving of the forage crops should have attention as fast as they become fit for making into hay or feed. Do not let them become mature before cutting them if you want them for hay, as after the seed is formed the greatest part of the food value of the crop has gone into the seed and the stalks and leaves are little more than fibrous matter of small value as food. Of course, when cowpeas, soy beans and sorghum have been planted mainly for grain crops they mu c t be allowed to mature the seed sufficiently to cure wiiunut shrivelling, but even these should not be allowed >.o stand until they become dead ripe before cutting, or much of the seed will be lost. Cure all of these crops intended for hay as much as possible in the shade. Let them wilt well and then pull into windrows and when they have dried sufficiently to put into cocks put them up in this way to cure out. Don't make the cocks too large, but put them up full in the center so that they will shed the rain to the outside and keep them narrow and tall. Sorghum is a crop that cures slowly and should be left broadcast several days to thoroughly wilt and then be set up in shocks to cure out. It can rarely be so cured out as to pack away safely in the barn. It

will nearly always mould when stored away in this way but it will keep well in the shocks all winter.

August and September are the best months in the year for seeding grass and clover and east of the Blue Ridge for seeding alfalfa. We are greatly pleased to see the constantly growing interest which is being manifested in these crops in the South. We receive more enquiries about them in a week now than we formerly received in a year. It is undoubtedly true that no country has ever become agriculturally and permanently prosperous which neglected grass and clover. They are nature's means of recuperating and maintaining fertility in the soil and they provide the natural food for stock upon which they can be most cheaply and quickly grown to maturity and upon which they can be made to give the best results. The great secret of success in growing these crops is deep and perfect preparation of the soil before seeding and the making of this soil sweet and rich and in the South the seeding of the grass and clover without a grain crop. A grain crop in the South instead of being a nurse crop for the grains and grasses is a robber crop and has caused the loss of more stands of grass and clover than any other cause. The grain crops grow faster and take hold of the fertility in the soil and especially of the moisture so much ahead of the time when the grass and clover are able to do so that they stunt and dwarf the growth of these and then the early maturity of the grain in the South causes it to have to be cut just at the hottest season of the year and thus lays bare the stunted and weakened grass and clover to the blazing hot sun which it is not able to stand and the crop perishes. In cooler, moister climates the seeding of the grasses and clover with grain is a success but here it is is a most unwise practice. If you wish to follow grain with grass better seed the grain alone and then as soon as it is cut prepare the land finely and seed the grass and clover alone and you will get a stand. When grass and clover is seeded alone in August or September, if the land is in that condition of culture and fertility which it ought to be in, a sturdy, strong growth will be secured before winter sets in which will have so covered the land as to protect it from the action of the frost and little or no heaving or killing out will occur and in the spring the crop will at once commence to grow vigorously and by the time the sun becomes powerful will be able to hold its own against that luminary and grow to maturity without check. A crop so seeded will give a hay crop early the first year and if the land be rich, a second one. Whilst one seeded with grain will do well, if it gives a light cutting in the late fall of the year following the seeding. Now is the time to commence the preparation of the land for this crop. Let the plowing be thorough ami fully as deep as it had been previously broken, indeed, It may safel/ be plowed at this season a little deepen but the bottom soil should not be thrown on top but the furrows be set on edge so that the new soil can be we!! mixed with the old. Then to sweeten the soil give a dressing of a toi of lime to the acre and commence to work the land with the harrow and roller so as to bring it into as iinc a condition of tilth as possible and thus encourage ihe ge<min-ation of all the weed seeds which weeds it is essential should be killed by harrowing and rebarrowing as fast as they germinate. Weeds and grass never succeed to-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

gether. The weeds are the quickest to grow and being natural to the soil make the strongest growth and soon smother out the grass. Kill them, therefore, before seeding the grass. After the soil is in a fine condition and the weeds destroyed then apply well rotted farm yard manure heavily if you have it and supplement this with bone meal, acid phosphate and potash at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds to the acre and work in well and then seed, harrow lightly and roll. Seed heavily. The quantity advised to be sown by most seed houses is much less than we think advisable. A meadow or pasture to be profitable should be thick set with plants from "the start and not have to gradually become so from the tillering out of the grass plants. We would never sow less than two bushels of grass seed per acre and have often sown three bushels with great success. It should always be borne in mind that however reliable the house from which you purchase your seeds, grass seeds are always more or less unreliable in germination. Prom no fault of the seedsmen but purely from natural causes these seeds are very apt not to be viable and especially is this the case with the smaller and finer seeds. A wet season at the blooming time of the grass will cause this trouble to be intensified and a wet curing time will destroy the viability. Therefore sow abundance of seed to meet these contin-gncies. Timothy may always be counted on to germinate well as it is a larger seed and can be more easily saved and more thoroughly cleaned from the hulls and a peck to the acre of this seed is usually sufficient. If Timothy is to be sown we would always seed it alone as the demand of the market is for clean timothy hay and this crop should be largely a market crop. It sells for the most money but in reality is about the least nutritious of the hays. For home feeding a mixture of orchard grass, tall meadow oat grass, red top and meadow fescue is worth more by dollars per ton than timothy. These grasses will be the best to sow for a meadow. In a pasture a mixture having still more varieties in it is better. We would add Virginia blue, Kentucky blue and perennial rye to the above so as to prolong the grazing season as much as possible. With these grass seeds sow eight pounds of red clover, five pounds of alsike clover and five pounds of alfalfa per acre for a meadow. The alfalfa will gradually inoculate the the land with the bacteria necessary for its growth and as it does this will gradually supplant the others. Mr. Sandy has tested this thoroughly in his experiments in grass growing and now has fields that were sown with grass seeds in which a few pounds of alfalfa were mixed which are now practically alfalfa fields with splendid stands. In a pasture add to the grass seeds mentioned six pounds of red or alsike clover and six pounds of white clover.

The preparation of the land for the seeding of winter oats should have attention this month as the crop to be a success ought to be seeded in September. Early seeding of winter oats is essential if the best results are to be had. The crop should be so well started before the cold weather sets in as to cover the ground and in this way prevent the damage which is so frequently done by the frost in winter. When the roots have had time to get well hold of the land and the plant is tillered over the surface it is rarely that much injury is done to it by frost. This crop is of the greatest value to Southern farmers

and much more care should be taken to give it a fair chance of success than is usually taken. It can be made a most profitable one as we have known 75 bushels to the acre grown in this middle section of Virginia. To make such a yield as this requires good land well prepared and early sowing and the top dressing of the crop in winter with farm yard manure. It will pay for this care whilst as usually grown it little more than pays for the cost of production.

It is not too early to begin to make preparation of the land intended to be seeded in wheat. Whenever opportunity offers set the teams to work breaking the land so that it may have plenty of time to get worked into good order and become compacted.

NOTES ON JULY ISSUE.

Editor Southern Planter:

I would like to say to Mr. C. B. Jones that no one has ever said that fertilizers, even low-grade fertilizers, do no good. But what we have said is that in buying a low-grade fertilizer the farmer is paying more for all that is of value in it than he would pay in a higher-grade fertilizer. In the 3-8-3 goods there will be some worthless filler, though not so much, of course, as in the 2-8-2 article. Then, too, in buying the 3-8-3 fertilizer he has no assurance that the potash in it is not from kainit or muriate, and, no matter what its source, it is in too small a percentage for the best results with tobacco. Hence, I think that tobacco growers especially should mix their own fertilizer. I would make a mixture of 3-6-10 for tobacco, for that has given the best results in my own experiments and in the experience of others to whom 1 have given the formula. I have never opposed the use of fertilizers, but only the wasteful and injudicious use of them. If Mr. Jones' 3-8-3 has the potash from kainit, the quality of his tobacco will be far inferior to what it would have been had he used high-grade sulphate. And for the type of tobacco grown in Fluvanna had he had a crop of crimson clover turned under for it, he would not have needed any nitrogen at all. Planting poor land in tobacco or any other crop and merely depending on a little low-grade fertilizer will perhaps get a crop, but the land will still be poorer, and will never get rich so long as the dependence is solely on fertilizer to get a sale crop. Cowpea Hay.

Few farmers have made more cowpea hay than I have, and, in a general way, I would endorse what "R." says on page 669, except, as the Editor says, I would not cock it so quickly. I would rather have a tedder following the mowers to more rapidly wilt the hay, and would rake that afternoon only into long windrows, which I would turn with the rake the next morning, and that afternoon put into cocks, and then haul to the barn while still somewhat limp, but with no external moisture. I have made cowpea hay in his way many .years and never saw better hay anywhere. In fact, Mr. Jackson once said in The Planter that my hay looked more like English hay than any he had seen, and that is good praise from an Englishman.

Peach Borers.

What Mr. Pugh says about the peach borer reminds me of an incident I learned many years ago on the East-

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER

753

era shore of Maryland. An old woman, who had a small place, got in debt, and her little farm had to be sold by the sheriff. She had a small peach orchard that was infested by borers, as all neglected trees will be. She determined that the buyer should not have her orchard, and determined to kill the trees. In order to effect this, as she thought, she made a kettle of strong lye and poured a gallon or more of hot lye at the base of every tree. Instead of killing the trees, she killed the borers and the trees took on a new life. Lye made from hard wood ashes is doubtless a good thing to kill borers, and I have found that painting the stems a foot or more from the base with white lead will check the moth greatly. But I have never found that either would entirely prevent some borers getting in, and it is best to go through the orchard in early summer and fall and look for the gum, and at once cut the borer out with a knife. You will find some, no matter how old the trees are.

Blight on Irish Potatoes.

There has been a very considerable amount of blight on potatoes here this season where they were not sprayed. But the varieties seem to differ in susceptibility to the disease. 1 was in a field yesterday which was planted one-half with Early Rose and one-half with Irish Cobblers. The Rose part was badly blighted, while the Cobblers were hardly affected.

Imported Jerseys.

It is interesting to note the accounts of the sales of imported Jersey cows, and the prices they bring. But why should we import Jerseys? I believe that we have just as good in this country, certainly have more to select from than in Jersey, and can get the home-raised ones for less money. These fancy prices for imported Jersey cattle are generally paid by breeders who know the value of a fad in families. But for the farmer who wants cattle for the profit he can make from their products there are thousands of Jerseys in this country just as good as the imported ones, and to be had for the prices that a farmer can afford to pay, and animals that have been bred, too, for great production. The importing is all right as a fad for the wealthy, but practical dairymen who have a living to make from their cows are not the men who buy the fancy imported stock, and for farm use the country is full of as good animals as can be imported.

Dual-Purpose Cows.

Mr. Thomas hits the dual-purpose cows about right. Many people call the Shorthorns that have been bred to deep milking dual-purpose, when, in fact, they are as purely dairy animals as any other large dairy cows, having been bred away from the type the beef men need. The best beef Shorthorns will seldom do more than raise their calves.

Milk Escutcheons.

Many years ago I had Guenon's book on the Escutcheons of cows, and at that time, being engaged in breeding Jerseys, I made quite a study of the system. But when I found that some of my best cows had poor escutcheons and some of the poorest had fine ones, I came to the conclusion that judging cows by this means was very faulty. But I remember when judges at the fairs gave very considerable attention to the way the hair shaped on the hind quarters. It had about as much to

do with the milking qualities of the cows as the fad for solid colors and black points in Jerseys had. This fad did great harm to the breed and caused the retention of many a poor cow, and was not broken up till the great cow Coomassie showed that a parti-colored Jersey could beat the solid-colored ones.

Useless Fences in a City.

That picture of the road roller on page 683 shows how Richmond and Virginia stick to the fence around the Capitol grounds. Twenty years ago in Raleigh I made an effort to get the iron fence removed from the Capitol grounds. But there was a great remonstrance against the removal. Some of us kept hammering away at it, and gradually the owners of private residences began to remove their fences, and the street was so much improved thereby that finally pressure enough was brought to bear to get the fence from the Capitol square. And now the man who would propose to restore the fence would be hooted at. Some day the people of Richmond will see that the fence around the Capitol grounds is not only useless, but ugly, and it, too, will go. Taxes.

I am glad to see that some one has started a protest against the tax system in some of the Southern States. In North Carolina they tax everything a man has, even to the tools he works with, and then tax the income he makes with them. The farmer is taxed for the feed he has for his stock, on the stock, too, and on the income he makes in his farming, if he makes any of any amount. He must swear to all his pigs and all his crops stored, and all the money he may have in bank .though that is part of the income they are going to tax further, and then. pays a tax for the privilege of voting for the men to tax him. The merchant is taxed on his goods, his cash in bank, and on his income, and if any one escapes any of these double taxes in North Carolina, it must be by hard swearing against his own conscience. And under these conditions, how much false swearing is done God only knows. One of the greatest reliefs in leaving North Carolina was getting away from the inquisitorial taxing system. And Virginia has almost as bad a system. In either State the taxes hit the man of moderate means harder than the rich. The farm laborer is taxed on his pig or his cow, and on what he is able to scrape together in the way of furniture, even the bed he sleeps on, and the corn he has bought for his pig. The Editor is right in saying that a man should be taxed on what he makes and not on the means he makes it with. But to tax a man on last year's income and then tax him again on what he saved out of it and has in the savings bank, where only the income or interest is really income, is double taxation with a vengeance. Then, to treble it, he is taxed because he is a man and has a vote, and then must give two days of his labor on the roads or pay out. I knew a piece of road in Virginia, where every one of my farm hands had to work two days though not one of them had anything to drive over it, and the land owners on each side were old men and women who paid no road tax ,but whose teams used the road. I agree with the Editor that no man was ever made sober or religious by law.

Turkey Buzzards

I have long held that the laws protecting buzzards

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

should be repealed. These birds are an unmitigated nuisance. Last year I tried keeping some chickens and the buzzards would swarm down and rob them of food, and were so persistent that I had to take them by the leg and throw them over the fence, and then they would alight on the chimneys of my neighbors and seemed to be holding a conference about that fellow who handled them so roughly. They are the greatest of all carriers of hog cholera in this country, and I believe that the courts would protect any one who protects his premises from them by shooting them. Just as in some States like Maryland they have a close season for rabbits, so that idle fellows may have them to shoot, and then in winter they bark the young trees, and in summer eat my cante-loupes. There is too much protection given to both these nuisances.

Commissioner of Agriculture.

I do not see how the plan of "Farmer" would take this office out of politics. The fact is that the Commissioner of Agriculture should be elected by the Board and be under the control of the Board, the members of the Board being appointed from among the prominent men actually engaged in farming, without regard to party. The whole organization should be out of party politics and have but the one object—the elevation of the farming of the State.

W. F. MASSEY.

A CHEAP SILO.

Editor Southern Planter.

I would like to give your readers the benefit of my experience with a little 12x20 feet silo that I nave been using for the last six years. It is simply a hole in the ground twelve feet in diameter and ten feet deep, with a wooden silo twelve by ten feet set on a rock wall surrounding the top of this hole. The bottom and sides of the excavation and up to the top of the foundation wall are smoothly cemented. The only door is thirty by sixty inches and is in the wooden part just on top of the foundation wall. I usually have a little spoiled silage in the wooden part and around the door, out that part in the ground keeps every pound of silage perfect and, as you know, after settling the most of the silage is in the lower half of the silo.

When I open it for use, I only open the upper half of the door and work my way to the top in the first feeding and then feed down as in any other silo. As I get down below the door I use a short step ladder towards the bottom, and when it gets too low for the ladder, I fasten a wire to one of the rafters and let it just reach the top of the door on the inside and to this wire I put a small tackle block. With a boy at the bottom to fill and two baskets it is but a few minutes' job to feed ten or twelve cows. I would never set a whole silo on top of the ground if I could get one-half or two-thirds of it below the surface.

Please tell my farmer friends to go slow on Angora goats, as I have tried them and firmly believe them to be a worse fraud than Belgian hares. If any of your readers want my experience, I will gladly furnish it through your columns; or, by letter, if stamp is enclosed.

Wythe Co., Va. FARMER.

SOIL FERTILITY.

Editor Southern Planter:

Doubtless the reader has noticed the difference in lands under different management in regard to the retention of the soil fertility, either original or applied. It does not require a specialist to see that some lands are steadily running down—losing fertility—under one management, while under another, and that too without any particularly apparent effort on the part of the management, the lands not only hold their own, but actually show a gain from year to year, even while producing rotation crops every season. But it will sometimes take a close observer to discover the secret of this difference. It is to be found in the underlying principles of the management.

The fact is that this simple process of maintaining the soil fertility consists of a series of operations, which are scarcely noticeable in this connection, and begins not in keeping tne ground scrupulously clean, but in allowing it to remain in a somewhat belittered condition. The sunshine has an impoverishing effect on the soil, while the shade and decaying matter has a tendency to enrich it. Notice the difference in tne soil which a heap of logs or brush on a piece of ground will make within a year. It matters not if the technical terms which would be necessary to describe the chemical change be left off; we can see the effect plainly enough. These heaps will help the land ultimately more than any quantity of raw fertilizing material which you may spread over it will. It is economy to never allow the trashy part of feed to go to waste. There are those who never think of trying to save anything from this source for enriching the land, but who throw it away here and there, without any system of economy, and then complain that their lands do not produce as well as they should. Not only does this feed-waste count, but the droppings from the farm stock are worth much to the land if rightly applied.

Then, it would be well to consider the fact that the same crops should not, as a rule, be successively grown upon the same ground, but a rotation of crops should be the rule. All crops do not exhaust the fertility of the land to the same extent. A different crop grown on the land this year will give it a rest from the exhaustion of a certain property of plant life peculiar to last year's crop. And again, land should not be tilled or stirred when wet, as this will "kill" the soil, and it will sometimes require years for it to become "alive" again.

It is a good plan to observe the land closely, and when it is seen to be losing fertility to give it a rest, and only small efforts—hardly noticeable—will in time work wonders in reclaiming it.Waste nothing; see to it that all straw and other litter is spread over the ground, and that the compost heap is always growing. Observe and study these matters closely, and you will ere long be among those whose farms do not "run down," and that, too, without any apparently great effort to keep things "going." FRANK MONROE BEVERLY.

Dickenson Co., Va.

The statement as to the beneficial effect of heaps of logs and brush left on the land reminds us of a remark of a farmer of the old school, shiftless and easy-going,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

755

who, in a discussion as to the best fertilizer to use for improving land, said that in his experience barn aoors were the best.His barn doors, unable longer to swing on the hinges through neglect in repairing the same, fell down on the land adjoining the barn. \Vith characteristic shiftlessness they were allowed to remain for a year or two until they fell nearly to pieces, and thus were easy to remove. The land was then planted in a crop and where the doors had lain the yield was a fine one. Hence his conclusion. The shade of the doors had recuperated the land. The cost of this brand of fertilizer is no doubt too considerable to make it generally available, but the lesson it teaches can be utilized by every farmer at an expense easily within his reach. Shade the land with a forage crop both winter and summer and thus get the improvement and the crop besides.—Ed.

THE TENANCY SYSTEM IN VIRGINIA.

I'rufrssor 11'. F. Mussry:

I read with much interest many of your articles upon agricultural topics—even if I do take issue with you as to the proper cultivation of corn. Your advice to the Southern farmers as to raising leguminous crops is timely, but this they can never take only to a limited extent with the present tenant system. I am making an effort to. get our farmers to abolish as far as possible this abominable tenant system. With negro tenants we caa never expect to build up our farms, and the farming business is the only one that I know of where the owners advance everything to the employees and then allow them to exercise their judgment as to how they manage. "If a man is poor, keep him poor" is not my attitude upon this question at all, but I do say that no man without capital is entitled to your capital until he has proven himself worthy and capable of your confidence upon the farm, any more than he would be in the bank, your store, factory, or any other business. I have lost thousands of dollars advancing to tenants. I make more crop any year with one team than my tenants make with two, and so it goes. I want to request that you give some of your observations and experience, too, with tenants through the press. It would have great weight with our farmers. If it can be shown how our farmers can make money or even keep up the fertility of their lands with this tenant system, then I am anxious to learn it and will know that the fault has been with men and not with the system. In this—Southampton county—our large land owners are getting worse off financially as fast as the years come and go who rent their land out to tenants. Many of our enterprising farmers become disgusted and seek other business. In this immediate vicinity, the most of the large land owners have vacated their farms and gone to the villages and cities. I could write much along this line as to the steps that I think should be taken, but I hope to see an expression through the press from you.

With best wisaes and respect.

C. P. GRIZZARD.

Mr. Grizzard is right in regard to the tenant or cropping system in the South. It is the greatest impediment to the improvement of the Southern lands, it is an evil to the tenants, who, as a rule, would be better off if

l working for regular wages. Farmers who have more lanl than they have means to work and improve had better let the extra acres grow up in pines.

It is simply a relic of the old planting days. Here on the Eastern shore of Maryland whole counties nave been vastly improved through an intelligent tenant system. But to do this there must be farms that are well equipped with buildings and dwellings in which intelligent men will live. In the best cultivated sections of Maryland a man must have proved himself a good farmer in order to get a farm. He must have means to stock it properly and then must work it right.

In one county here there are between forty and fifty farms in one estate, all in the hands of tenants whose occupancy of the land simply depends on the skill with which they cultivate it in an improving rotation. Men prominent in their county are renters, and find that it is better to rent than to buy, though many of them are buying farms and renting them to others to improve, while they stay on an improved farm.

A great deal is said about getting Northern and Western farmers to come South, but the men who are renting land at good figures in Illinois could not be induced, to rent a place in the South with only a cabin to live in and hovels of logs for mules.

There is nothing in my opinion in which men of means could better invest in than well equipped farms of moderate size, and then rent them to good farmers on a contract that will throw half the expenses on the landlord and half on the tenant, and then divide the crops equally, the tenant feeding all the roughage on the place with no rent on stock, the farm taking pay in the manure made, and the land to be worked strictly in a short rotation devised for the special crops of the section.

There could be had plenty of good men who would like to come South, but have not means to invest in a farm though they have means to stock it and work on shares. Men have become millionaires since the war at this in Maryland, and could so so all over the south, particularly in the cotton sections, for there is no money crop in this country better than cotton if grown with systematic farming, and no crop that keeps men poorer who imagine that they can make money cropping a piece of poor land in cotton, carried by a merchant, or the land owner. And nine times out of ten the land owner who carries a tenant will lose money at it. It is a vicious system, demoralizing the labor of the country and running the land down. It suits the negro because he feels that he can work as he chooses and if the crop does not pay him out he feels no sense of responsibility.

The late William McKinney ,of Maryland, said in a public speech in the city of Baltimore snortly before his death: "They say that farming does not pay, but I do not know many of my old comrades that have done much better since the war than I have done, for if you go to my county seat you will find that I pay taxes on one million dollars worth of real estate, all made at farming since the war." And he made it by buying farm after farm and renting them to good tenants who are compelled to farm right. But with the croppers of the South and their crop liens, both tenant and land owner, and land grow poorer.

If men in Maryland can become millionaires at farm

756

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

ing, why can they not do it in Virginia? The only thing is to go to farming in a systematic way and gradually get on a cash basis, and stop the cropping system altogether and let the tenants work on wages for those who have means. With no capital but his labor and a mule, the tenant would be better off without the mule and working for wages. W. F. MASSEY.

REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE JULY ISSUE.

Fertilizer Experiments. Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. C. E. Jones, in the July issue argues in favor of low-priced, or rather low-grade, fertilizer for tobacco showing a photograph of a field that was by accident used in an experimental manner. He fails to say what grade of fertilizer was used on the main crop, only specifying that applied to the middle row, as shown in the picture, which received an application of one hundred pounds per acre of 3-8-3 goods, and which he uses as evidence that twelve pounds of actual nitrogen and twelve of actual potash to the acre are all that are needed to grow successful crops of tobacco. I think, however, that Mr. Jones has overlooked the fact that he applied 8 per cent, oi 52 pounds of actual phosphoric acid (H3 P£ O5), or as much as would result from a dressing of two hundred pounds per acre of 16 per cent, acid phosphate, a fairly liberal application. If Mr. Jones' experiment proves anything it is that the land was deficient in phosphorous, rather than in nitrogen and potash, and, from what I know of that county, I should have expected this to be the case.

If Mr. Jones will apply next year to three plots con taining one acre each the amount of fertilizing elements contained in his mixture at the same rate, or to Plot No. 1 seventy-five pounds 16 per cent, nitrate of soda; Plot. No. 2 two hundred pounds 16 per cent, acid phosphate; Plot No. 3 twenty-four pounds sulphate of potash, and note the results, I think he will find that the extra crop produced by the seventy-five pounds of nitrate of soda wi 1 not be perceivable in any photograph, and that the extra growth induced by the twenty-four pounds of potash will not be visible without the use of a much more powerful lense than that furnished by the ordinary camera.

Experimental work with fertilizers is a complicated problem, and one is never sure of a correct interpretation of the result without an elaborate system of check plots, even when using uncombined chemicals and of course, a fertilizer containing three constituents further complicates the affair to such an extent as to require eight experimental plots to unravel it. The Tax System.

Mr. Ryan has evidently "senced" the whole system of local taxation. Of course, the evils he notices exist, and no scheme ever devised by man is better adopted to discourage the thrifty and industrious or to put a premium upon the reproduction of the lazy and shiftless, than that of taxing a farmer's improvements as distinct from his land. It is hard to realize that any set of intelligent men could have overlooked a thing so obvious in framing our laws. But there is always present in every body of men a section prone to reverence what has been, and to frown down inovations regardless of their utility. This class

will be found in medicine, in agriculture, in literature, even in mathematics, and as the present system of tax assessing, which exacts from every individual a contribution in proportion to his efforts rather than his opportunities, has descended from our semi-barbarian ancestors, when, during fuedal times, it was the custom of the landlord to take from his tenants not a certain proportion of the crop, or a fixed sum per acre, but everything he could get without actually starving them to death. So it is with us to-day. We tax a man not for the opportunities he enjoys, but for the use he makes of them.

Nor is the idea of taxing incomes free from the same criticism. Suppose W§ take two men and give each one hundred acres of land. No. 1 sets down and gets tenants enough to work his farm and manages to just barely live from his rents, while the land decreases in productive capacity every year. No. 2 goes to work himself, grows crops, feeds stock, and returns the manure to the soil. In the course of time No. 1 will begin to get poor and his land will follow suit. No. 2, however, will first earn a pair of horses, then two pair, and finally accumulate quite a herd of cattle with a flock of sheep. Now, every time No. 2 earns by this labor or saves by his self-denial money enough to purchase an additional horse, or cow, or sheep, or pig, along comes the tax assessor and puts an additional burden on him as a penalty for his thrifti-ness until, in the end, No. 2 will be paying double the tax that No. 1 pays although he originally had no advantage in the way of soil, climate or protection from his local government.

Now, in the end, what will be the result? Either No. 2 and men of his class will pay out of all proportion towards the necessary expenses of government, or they will seek to evade the law by investments of capital outside the State, or they will give up and move to some other commonwealth, where the industrious man is not handicapped in his competition with the lazy. This is not a theory, but a condition present here with us. Look at our negro population. They hold thousands of acres throughout the State; they are sending more children to the public schools in many localities than the whites; they enjoy the same protection from the government of "life, liberty and pursuit of happiness," but what proportion of the tax raised, as it is, largely upon personal property, do they pay? If the tax was taken off the personal property and put upon the real property, or, in other words, the opportunity for prosperity enjoyed by the individual, this class would have to at once contribute their fair share towards the maintenance of our governmental expenses, and they would do it, for if -there is one thing a negro values it is his piece of land. You cannot sell that from him as long as he has two hands and the ability to use them.

Now, as it is, does not the assessment of personal property conduce to prevarication, concealment of the more valued possessions, and a desire to under value what is given in? Commissioners of revenue, please answer, Have you not found such a disposition among some of our citizens? And, as to the tax on bonds, does any one imagine that a multi-millionaire would reside in a county where he actually had to pay one and one-quarter per cent, on his capital to the State. Why, that would be $12,500 a year on each million of capital; half a dozen such resi-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

757

dents would pay taxes enough to run the local govern-men of any county in the State. I wish we had a few in Matthews, it would help along the high schools and give us good roads in no time at all.

For my part, I would be willing to make them special rates contingent upon patronizing local tradesmen, provided they let me tax the source of wealth at the point where it is earned; that is, the location, or franchise which constituted their original opportunity. Purchasing Nitrogen.

It is said that "nothing succeeds like success," and if Mr. Kellar is successful it would seem in a measure to preclude criticism of his methods, but agricultural prosperity is such an illusive thing and so dependent upon a variety of favorable conditions that one man always asks the question, Has he succeeded because he did so and so? Or, has he prospered in spite of having pursued some other course? And so it is with Mr. Kellar. He has succeeded in establishing a market for his dairy products while keeping his skim milk on the farm, and has, by carefully utilizing this by-product, made a financial success, which has not been brought about by, and should not be attributed to, the particular rotation he has adopted.

Corn, followed by oats, followed by wheat, followed by clover, pastured the second year and turned under for corn again, is a common enough rotation in the State he comes from and has made more farmers poor than rich, where the crops are sold off the place as raw material. In order to maintain good crop yields, Mr. Kellar .is buying nitrogen for all his grain crops, even the corn on the clover sod, and, in spite of the fact that he must of necessity have a great deal of stable manure. Mr. Marsh says he used 1,200 pounds per acre of 4-6-10 goods for tobacco, and 3-8-10 goods for potatoes, but as these do not appear in the rotation I hardly know where to place them, and will leave them out of the discussion, as they are both high-priced crops and can, as a rule, pay their own fertilizer bills.

The fault I find with Mr. Keller's rotation is that he has three successive cereals on the land, and only one legume in a five-year cycle, and I do not believe that one crop of clover will furnish nitrogen enough to make a crop of corn, oats, and wheat, no matter how much . phosphorous and potash we apply, so he is forced to buy commercial nitrates, but if he would put some legume in place of the oats, like vetch or peas, he would have a better roughage for dairy animals, as it would be one requiring less protein concentrate to balance it and at the same time enable him to dispense with his 3 per cent, of nitrogen for both the small grain crops, and after the first cycle from the corn crop as well without diminishing his yields of grain. The rotation would then be corn with all the manure, followed by vetch with phosphorous and potassium, followed by wheat seeded to clover with his 10 per cent, phosphoric acid and 8 per cent, potash mixture. It appears to me that would result in a considerable saving in fertilizer bills combined with a more nitrogenous feed, thereby affecting a still further saving in the purchase of protein concentrates. Of course any legume would answer the purpose, that would afford a good crop of profitable hay—Canada peas, for instance, would fill the place admirably in his latitude.

Mathews Co., Va. PERCIVAL HICKS.

SEEDING CRIMSON CLOVER. Editor Southern Planter:

I notice you recommend cultivating crimson clover in.

I will give you my experience with this clover. I bought two bushels of T. W. Wood & Sons last year and sowed it in cotton and corn after all cultivating was done. Sowed three-fourths of a peck to the acre and did not cover in any way, and I never saw a better stand, and all who saw it said the same about it. One part of it was grazed all the winter and I took the stock off the first of March and it grew about eighteen inches high and was the prettiest clover patch I ever saw. It looked like grazing did not hurt it in the least; the grazing made it branch out and get thicker, if anything. One of my neighbors sowed a bushel of crimson clover seed about the same time I did and he plowed his in and I do not think one seed out of a thousand came up, and I do not think one out of a thousand of mine failed of coming up.

I never cultivate, harrow or roll my seed in. Do all that before I sow and leave the seeds on the land. The rain washes them in enough for me. W. H. WILSON.

When we advise the sowing of seed and cultivating it in we do not mean plowing it in. There is a difference between cultivating and plowing. The one is done with a harrow or light cultivator like the Iron Age cultivator, the other is done with a plow. Our experience has convinced us that thousands of bushels of clover seed of all kinds are wasted in the South by trusting to Providence to cover them. To grow and stand, a seed must have soil around it and the closer it is packed to the seed the better the chance of its growing and standing. The quantity of soil to be packed over the seed depends on the size of the seed. A small seed like clover only wants a light covering. Wheat requires more soil on it, and corn still more. When the seed is left to take its chances on the surface many of the young plants perish before the roots can get hold of the land, and especially is this so with crimson clover, if a hot sun blazes upon it the first few days after it germinates. If the weather be cloudy or the crop in which it is sown shades it well, it may succeed in getting hold. God helps those most who help themselves,, and we think it a duty to help to make a seeding successful by giving it proper conditions for success.—Ed.

GREEN MANURING A FACTOR IN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE IN THE SOUTH.

Editor Southern Planter:

The growing of crops for green manuring purposes, especially leguminous crops, is one of the most important inovations in connections with the Southern agriculture. The best practice, however, requires that where these green manures are used directly, they should be allowed to make their full growth and be turned under dead or dormant in cold weather. This is made advisable by reason of the fact that when turned under during hot weather, especially on the sandy soils that prevail over a large portion of the South Atlantic States, rapid oxidation and fermentation result in the serious souring of a soil unless lime is used to sweeten it.

758

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

[August,

Many carefully conducted experiments in the Southern States have shown that green manuring as it is generally understood and practiced in the Northern States, cannot be used to advantage except in the early spring months before a hoed crop, but by allowing the crop to reach maturity and the selection of the right crops for green manuring purposes and the turning of them in at the right time, quite as full benefits may be reaped from the practice of green manuring in the South as in the North.

The question naturally arises, whether it is more profitable to turn under green manures, as, for instance, the ricu legumes which furnish valuable hay for forage, or whether it is more desirable to feed this crop to the farm animals. This question will, however, find its solution in the kind of farming practiced, and, since most of the farmers in those regions where green manuring, is likely to do the most good, are not interested chiefly in live stock farming, the only alternative, providing the humus supply is to be kept up, is to make the best possible use of the crops since the purchase of stable manure is not very often possible. The question has resolved itsef into the relative value of commercial manures and green manures and their use in combination with each other.

The general use of green manures has, in some sections, resulted in the abandonment of the use of am-moniated fertilizers since legumes are used for the principle crop of the rotation which is turned under, and the nitrogen supply is obtained from the air instead of from expensive commercial sources. It has come to be a common practice in the South to sow peas or crimson clover among the corn. Where peas are sown, the farmers disk the crop down after cutting the corn and sow winter oats, thus obtaining a considerable amount of organic matter in the soil. The oat crop is then followed by peas after harvest, to be made into hay and crimson clover is sown on the pea stubble to be turned in for cottc?i or a succeeding crop. By following such a rotation crops of 75 bu. of oats per acre, and two tons of pea vine hay, have been obtained. Where a crop of pea hay is particularly heavy it has been found that it is not desirable to plow it under because this may prevent the soil from being warked satisfactorily into a condition favorable to the character of soil which the wheat crop demands. Furthermore, too large an amount of organic matter may result in a wheat straw which is apt to lodge badly. This This can be corrected, however, by the use of sufficient quantities of acid phosphate and muriate of potash, since the tendency of these elements is to produce grain and to stiffen the straw which would otherwise be too weak to support a full crop of heavy grain. A mixture composed of 300 pounds acid phosphate and 50 pounds of muriate of potash applied to the acre will go far towards increasing the yield of grain.

Although, in some parts of the South Atlantic coast, some of the farmers have come to the conclusion that acid phosphate no longer pays, I am of the opinion that results would be entirely different if acid phosphate were used in connection with muriate of potash, since the greater part of these sandy sofls are not only deficient in potash, but in phosphoric acid as well. These two

plant foods usually work well together and neither will have its best effect when supplied alone.

The hope of the South for the future development of her agriculture, and the hope of any warm climate, must be in the restoration and maintenance of the humus content of the soil. This requires a short rotation since the oxidization of the organic matter is much more rapid in warm climates. In our Southern States it can best be accomplished by the use of cow peas and crimson clover, the one for forage and the other for a winter crop and green manure, and by encouraging the growth of these legumes by liberal application of phosphoric acid and potash, the feeding of the pea vine hay to the cattle and returning the manure to the soil.

A successful agriculturist in the vicinity of Pinehurst, N. C, has in this way brought up an absolutely barren sand to the production of over 30 tons per acre of corn silage, 5 tons of pea vine hay per acre in two crops on the same land the same year, both aided by liberal applications of acid phosphate and potash. F. W. YERSON.

APPLYING LIME TO LAND.

Editor Southern Planter:

I have read with interest several inquiries as to how best to apply lime to land. As I have had very satisfactory results I will give my way of doing it.

I check the land off so that piles can be uniformly placed two rods apart each way. That will give four square rods to be covered from each pile of one bushel. I have piles covered with four inches of firm soil as soon as put down and pack the soil hard with shovel. In forty-eight hours the lime will be fine as flour and can be evenly distributed with a grain scoop by having men take a scoopfull and walk around the plot one rod each way from the pile. This can be done very rapidly and evenly with a little care, then follow with cutaway disc harrow each way, and after rolling it let it stand two weeks before seeding.

Soil Inoculation.

Various opinions are expressed regarding the success or failure of commercial soil inoculation material. I will give my experience. I got a supply of culture to inoculate ground for vetch. It came late, after I had sown the vetch seed and the plants were up four inches. I put the different materials together and waited the length of time as per instructions. The water did not look cloudy enough to suit me so I took it to our College chemist who examined it under a powerful glass and said it. should stand longer. In twelve hours I returned for another examination and found it in splendid condition. Looking through the glass the bacteria looked like a flock of sheep playing on a pasture. I then applied by lightly sprinkling over the growing crop at night when rain was falling. The result was a fine crop as far as I applied the culture but no further. I would like to hear from Prof. Massey on this experiment.

Berea, Ky. S. L. CLARK.

HIS OPINION.

"Isn't there a great deal of water in the cellar?" asked the prospective tenant.

"Yes," answered the agent, proudly. "We ought to call it a natatorium and charge extra rent for it."— Harper's Bazar.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

759

Trucking, Garden and Orchard.

WORK FOR THE MONTH. There is not much to be done now in the way of planting crops as it is getting too late to expect anything now to mature before frost and it is too early to plant crops to stand over the winter. Sowings of English peas may be made for a fall crop. There is considerable uncertainty about this crop but when the weather suits it the product is much appreciated both on the market and on the table. Throw out deep drills and make the soil fine and cover lightly and as the peas come up work the soil to them and thus keep them cool at the root. Much depends upon sufficient moisture in the ground and the setting in of cool weather when the vines begin to run as to the yield. Sweet corn may yet be planted to keep up the supply as long as open weather lasts.

Celery plants should be set out where they are to grow to maturity. The land should be made rich and be finely worked. You may use with advantage all the farm yard manure you can apply to the extent of covering the land or filling the trenches inches deep with it and this should be supplemented with a fertilizer analyzing 7 per cent, of ammonia, 5 per cent of phosphoric acid and 8 per cent, of potash. This can be made by mixing 250 pounds of nitrate of soda, 600 pounds of dried blood, 850 pounds of acid phosphate and 300 pounds of muriate of potash to make a ton. Mix this at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds to the ton with the farm yard manure, or apply to the land at the rate of one thousand pounds to the acre, where no manure is used. It is no use trying to grow good celery without plenty of manure or fertilizer. The plants may either be set out in the trenches six feet apart and wide enough to hold three rows of plants, set six inches apart each way, or it may be grown in beds five feet wide. A space eight feet wide should be left betwen each bed to provide soil for earthing up the plants. The plants should be set in rows across the beds one foot.apart with eleven plants to each row. When setting out the plants cut off part of the long roots and clip back the tops if they are tall and spindling. This will make the plants grow stocky. Keep the land well cultivated between tne plants and see that they do not suffer for want of water. It is always well to plant out celery where it can be irrigated if possible. Never cultivate the plants when they are wet or they will rust. As the plants grow just draw sufficient soil to them to keep them upright and do not allow them to spread out on the ground. Do not however earth up the plants to bleach them until cold weather has set in and growth is practically made.

the heads may form before the weather becomes so cold as to stop growth. They should be ready for cutting in October, November and December.

Old strawberry beds should be plowed up and the land for planting new beds be prepared. The beds should after plowing be harrowed fine and the weeds be encouraged to germinate and these be killed by reharrowing frequently. Weeds are great hindrances to successful strawberry growing therefore get rid of as many as possible before setting out the plants. Apply fertilizer and manure and work in thoroughly so that it will be available to give the plants a good start before frost. October is early enough to set out the new plants.

Gather and ship or store all fruit as it becomes ripe. If to be kept for home use during winter cool off thoroughly and then store in a dry cellar where the temperature can be kept as near equable as possible. Close up during the day and open at night until the weather becomes too cold.

Sow crimson clover on all land not wanted for other crops. This will make a cover for the winter and a fallow to turn down in spring.

Seed for raising fall cabbages should now be sown on a very rich bed and the same be kept moist to force a quick growth so that the plants may be ready to set out in the latter part of September. Flat Dutch and Savoy are the varieties to grow.

Cauliflower brocoli plants should be set out. These make heads like cauliflower and are grown just as cabbages are grown. They want rich land to force growth so that

APPLES FOR PLANTING IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA.

Editor Southern Planter:

I should like very much to see an article on this subject. I believe it is generally recommended not to try too many varieties, but to confine the bulk of the orchard to a few standard kinds of Winter Apples. What are the "few standard kinds" best adapted to this section? Suppose, for example, an orchard of one thousand trees is to be planted for commercial purposes, how many of these trees should be Winesaps, how many York Imperials, how many Ben Davis, etc., and etc. How many and what kinds should be set for permanent trees, and how many, if any, for fillers. If fillers are to be used what varieties are recommended for this purpose? With moderate attention how long before such an orchard could reasonably be expected to yield enough apples to cover the annual expenses, and how long before it could be expected to yield a profit.

Buncombe Co., N. C. R. P. J.

The Winesap is well suited to your conditions, but I would plant more of the Stayman, said to be a seedling of the Winesap, and a larger and better upple. The York Imperial will also do well, and the Rome Beauty and Virginia Beauty. I would not plant any Ben Davis. The markets are learning its poor quality and the Ben Davis is not going to sell in the future as it has in the past. Nor would I use apples as fillers, for amost invariaby the man who plants apple trees as fillers hesitates to take out trees that are paying well and thus gets his orchard crowded. I would plant the apple trees forty feet apart on good land, and would then fill in with peach trees which will have run their race by the time the apples need all of the land, and can be easily pulled ouL

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[August,

In planting 1,000 apple trees in your section I would plant half of them Stayman, one-fourth Winesap, one-eighth York Imperial and one eighth Rome or Virginia Beauty, as a dark red apple sells better than a light colored one. This of course if you want only late apples. If you want some summer and fall apples I would plant Red Astra-kan, Early Harvest, Carolina Red June, Horse and Buckingham. Plant yearling trees. You can get these cheaper they cost less freight, and they are mere switches with live buds all the way up the stem, and can be cut back when planted so as to start a low head, and a low headed tree is better in many respects than a tall one, especially in these days when we must spray the trees. I prune all the roots smooth about six inches long. Plant very firmly by ramming the earth tight, and then cut the stem back to a bud about 20 inches from the ground, and the next spring select three or four well situated shoots to form the head on and rub off all the others. The only use of a tree trunk is to carry the head, and if you have just enough for that it is better than a stem four feet tall; making the trees easily blown over and exposing the stem to the sun longer and finally making a tree hard to gather fruit from or to spray thoroughly.

W. F. MASSEY. From seven to ten years will be required to bring the apple trees into bearing sufficient to cover the annual expense according to the varieties planted. The peaches which are suggested as fillers should give a crop sufficient to meet the annual expenses of the orchard in from four to five years from planting.—Ed.

THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Editor Southern Planter:

The Executive Committee of the Virginia State Horticultural Society met in the Secretary's office at Crozet towards the end of June. An invitation was extended by the Executive Committee of the State Farmers' Institute for the State Horticultural Society to be represented on their programme at the Annual Meeting of the Institute at Charlottesville, August 10, 11 and 12. This invitation was cordially accepted and three topics selected, viz.: "Orchard management" by Dr. S. W. Fletcher, (Director at Blacksburg) 30 minutes; and Professors Alwood and Price, Dr. M. L. McCue and Mr. T. W. Steck, 10 minutes each; "Potato Growing," by Mr. W. W. Sproul, President of the State Horticultural Soociety; "Value of Fruit Growing to the Farmers of Virginia," by Hon. S. L. Lup-ton, 30 minutes, and Hon. J. B. Watkins, Messrs. B. C. Moomaw, Walter Whately and T. L. Tate, 10 minutes each.

That the fruit growers of the State are recognizing the enormous benefit the influence of the Society is exerting in the development of the fruit industry of the State was shown by the Secretary's statement that up to June the membership had more than doubled the number of last year. It was also decided that the Society shall collect an exhibit of apples to be shown at the State Fair at Richmond in October, the results from their exhibit having been so satisfactory. The subject of the apple crop prospects for both Virginia and the country generally were discussed. As soon as sufficient accurate data can be obtained a forecast of crop conditions and probable prices that our growers should obtain will be sent to 1

each member of the Society. As this is a most important matter to the orchardist the greatest pains will be taken to get this information as accurate as possible, hence the notice can hardly be sent out before the latter part of August and as the information it will contain is of the greatest importance and may be the means of saving many dollars, members are advised to wait for it before making contracts to sell their apples.

Crozet, Va. WALTER WHATELY, Secretary.

PROGRESS IN CONTROL OF PEACH YELLOWS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Attention has already been called, in your columns, to the severe losses, in fact almost total destruction of the peach industry, in many sections of the country, by peach yellows, from which we should be able to give some idea as to what the losses in our orchards are likely to be in the future.

Attention has also been called to the fact that this disease while quite prevalent in some sections of the State, has not done near the damage it has in other sections of the country and that in such cases, if prompt measures are adopted, the disease may be controlled without serious losses.

The figures compiled from reports of inspectors and presented to the fruit growers in Rockingham County some time ago, indicate that something over 20 per cent, of the peach trees in orchards inspected in that county in 1908, were affected with peach yellows; and that while this number is quite large, we have found that the owners of these orchards were quite willing to take the proper steps to control the trouble, when it was pointed out to them, and that nearly all of these diseased trees were destroyed before the season closed.

This work has been planned with an eye to its practical benefit to the grower; hence a group of orchards in different sections of a number of counties were inspected and the records from same kept separate, so that thorough re-inspections could be made and accurate figures obtained as to the number of trees to show up yellows each year. It would not be a practical proposition, under present conditions, to obtain such accurate figures for entire counties.

In one section near Harrisonburg, orchards containing a total of 2,570 trees were examined in the summer of 1908, at which time a total of 372 trees or about 14 1-2 per cent, were found to be diseased. Re-inspection early in September showed that practically every diseased tree marked, in this territory had been destroyed.

These orchards have just been re-inspected with the result that 77 trees were found to have developed the disease since last September, or nearly four per cent.

This disease requires several years to show up plainly in a tree, after the first infection has taken place. At least this is apparently the case; hence we should not lay too much stress on the figures here presented. Other sections of the State, however, in which we have taken th same precautions as to collecting data on thoroughness of control, agree very well with the figures given here.

J. L. PHILLIPS

Blacksburg, Va. State Entomolog-'st.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

761

Live Stock and Dairy,

THE DAIRY SITUATION IN VIRGINIA. Editor Southern Planter:

What you had to say on "Dairying in Virginia" (page 590) was read with more than usual interest in our neighborhood.

As soon as I became a citizen of Virginia 1 took a special interest in everything that I believed to be for the good of the Commonwealth.

I have "pushed" in the direction of better roads, better schools, and better farming; as means of greater prosperity. As I now see it, there is nothing that is offering more to the financial interests of our people at large, and our farmers in particular, than the dairy industry.

But this industry is suffering from the same trouble tnat our public roads and schools did a few years ago: — being "strangled at the hands of its nurses."

Several farmers in this section of the country, who had made considerable outlay to start in the business were "held up" by the Richmond authorities, as objects lessons of fear, to several others who were looking forward in that direction.

As things now are their farms may grow poorer, and our c'ties may send much of their money out of the State, and pay unnecessary transportation on dairy products, but they will not invest, while they are in doubt as to what kind of inspection they will have to meet in the near future.

The dairy business can never reach the magnitude desired by the whole Commonwealth, without such inspec-. tion as will give confidence to the consumers that they are protected from unclean dairy products. In order that the farmers of our State may be induced to furnish the cities of the State with dairy products, the simplest, common-sense inspection should be administered; and that under State control, so the farmers will have confidence in its stability. As it is now many fear to enter the business, lest in a short time the requirements will be so changed as to involve great expense or they must go out of the business.

One of the most energetic dairy farmers within my knowledge, who has a clean, healthy herd of cows, and was passed with encouragement by the State Inspector, is planning to let the business die out from under him rather than go any further in meeting uncertain conditions.

I would advise the dairy farmers to hold on to their business, and call for such legislation as will meet the needs of the whole people.

As the prosperity of our State depends on its agriculture, and the success of its agriculture depends on soil fertility, and dairying being the quickest and most economical method of soil improvement, and, in order that every other industry in the State may be stimulated and benefitted, it is only reasonable to hope that the State will do itself the honor of freeing this industry from its present embarrsssment.

Albemarle Co., Va. ALBERT MURPHY.

We are entirely in sympathy with the views of our

correspondent in this matter. There is need for immediate and vigorous action on the part of the dairymen of the State with the view of modifying the existing requirements of the Richmond City Board of Health, which through Dr. Levy and his amateur inspectors is imposing practically prohibitive restrictions on the development of the dairy industry in the State. These men go about the country with score cards in their hands and visit the farms and mark a man up or down as suits their fancy with but little practical knowledge on the subject, and as they score so the farmer is either allowed to carry on his business or compelled to close up. This whole score card business is a farce and a fraud and is carried on by men who have not an atom of right to go out to the farms at all. They are trespassers and intruders and should be so treated. The State Dairy Commissioner is the proper person to make these inspections. He has lawful authority to do so and everyone who knows Professor Saunders knows that he will so exercise his authority as to do justice to both producer and consumer. He is a skilled scientific dairy expert and at the same time himself a practical farmer and dairyman and in hia judgment farmers may have perfect confidence and consumers of dairy produces be assured that their interests are closely watched. Let the city authorities be told to stay within the city and inspect the products when they come within their jurisdiction. If they cannot pass test then let them be condemned but not before and let the producers have the right of appeal to a higher authority and to the courts. At present all that stands between the dairyman and prosperity or ruin is the "say-so" of one of these so called inspectors, men who have had no skilled training in the business and who can just as easily score 50 as score 75 and give just as good a reason for the one score as the other. The one means profit; the other ruin to the producer. If instead of this ridiculous system there was substituted the requirement of the license of the State Dairy Commissioner to produce and ship dairy products and the further requirement that the city retailers' should pasteurize all milk sold in the city, consumers would have complete protection from the risk of disease producing products. The highest bacteriological authorities assert that with pasteurization all the disease germs of typhoid and other fevers are destroyed and the growth of dangerous bacteria stopped and yet the food value of the milk or cream is not impaired. Without this no score card figuring can assure wholesome milk in the cities. In the face of this easy solution of the problem of inspection, which as now conducted is practically killing the dairy industry of the State which the Legislature of the last session earnestly endeavored to foster and which is of vital importance to the State, the Board of Health of the Cit of Richmond, representing the largest market in the State, so exercises its powers through its officer, Dr. Levy, as to refuse to permit of pasteurization and so permit his inspectors to exercise authority as to have placed the city of Richmond in dire straits for milk and cream. Every day consumers complain that

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

they cannot get supplies and the ice cream merchants cannot begin to supply their trade. Let the dairymen of the State get together and make themselves heard and if need be force litigation on the subject and we shall soon have an end of the trouble and the dairy industry will flourish.—Ed.

DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS OF COWS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. Thomas, in answering the Dual Purpose Cow propaganda of Mr. Luttrell, does not seem willing to make suitable allowances for shortcomings in milk yield of Short Horn, Red Polled or other breeds of cows claiming place in both the beef and milk class. Doubtless it was not his intention to claim that all Red Polls or any considerable number of them certainly not in any one herd would average four gallons at a milking. I doubt the ability of any special dairy cow owner to make such a statement truthfully. When the facts are truthfully stated, is not the very high record cow at milk production even amongst the Holsteins or Jerseys, quite exceptional? I have seen, either on the farm or at the Fairs, a great many of the best collections of cows on the continent which brings one to the conclusion that "one gallon to the teat' cows as a regular yield are about as scarce as the Senators who represent no vested interests are just now in the Senate. Not long since while strolling through the big red barn of a Jersey breeder who is making a practical success of shipping milk and cream I took a glance at the milk sheet. It ran 3 1-2, 5, 7 and but once up to 17 lbs. Most of the cows being under 10 pounds and that on splendid silage and other feed and generally good keep; Frank men who have bred much stock of any sort will readily admit that the product even of our most highly prized matings very often do not realize upon our expectations. Years spent in a noted dairy section where most prepotent sires known to special purpose breeds and best equipment for the farm, had been used for a generation, at least, convinces me there are many b anks drawn in this breeding business—some disappointed fancier called it a "lottery."

Though confessing an inherited fondness for the red, white and roans—my father even after he quit ranching to practice medicine always kept a few Shorthorns and always expecting to make them a feature of our farming—yet, to please "Meh Lady," at least two milk cows of a radically different build had the same care for ten years. Two of the best milk cows—a grade Holstein and a grade Jersey— found in that country were bred at considerable trouble, one to a Golden Ferns Lad and one to a Flying Fox Jersey bull. Both calves came females as desired. So far all right, but the rest was all wrong. Foxy Grandma by the perfection of her form for dairy use led us to expect great things. She wou'd have stood in any Jersey breeder's stable or even show herd with no discredit. There was no indication whatever of any beefing tendency either in conformation or pedigree She had all the producing points—everything but the milk. After keeping her until her third calf—with never as much as six pounds of rather poor milk, she was sold

to a man who believed such a correctly marked Jersey couldn't be a poor milker. The Golden Fern calf grew to be chubby about the head, thick in the neck and brisket, ratner well neshed, in fact too much so to breed, so she made very fair beef this spring.

Another cow now in her prime, has given three gallons at a milking, is not quite so smooth, but strange as it may seem, her sire was a Scotch bull of the most famous beef producing family viz.: Chuickshank's Victorian. For these and a multitude of other reasons, one who would be restrained by the truth can not say that certain cows being chalk-lined and square ended cannot give milk and others set up on the angular, wedgy pattern must necessarily average high at the pail. Lord Rothschild's records with three breeds in large numbers for many years have resulted in favor of the Shorthorns, calves counted. Twenty-one Jerseys averaged 6,919 lbs. milk; Thirty-six Red Polls 6,743 lbs.; fifty-seven Shorthorns, 6,706 at no greater food cost, practically.

Since one swallow does not make a summer, in like manner a few men, dairymen here and there, do not make the cattle business. For every specialist with but one idea, the milky way, in his head there are a dozen sensible, all around stockmen who value the .cow, not only for her milk while she lives, but the carcass, hide and calves as well that she leaves behind.

Some have argued that it is easier to bring a herd into superlative excellence along one line than two. This would seem true at first thought, still there is room for difference of opinion on that. Even to grant it, it would not necessarily follow that the variety thus established must merit great popularity. In fact both experience and observation convince practical farmers that the special purpose animal with its highly developed nervous oiv ganism does not suit the average conditions which obtain on a majority of farms. With Shorthorn cows that produce nearly twice as much milk and bring as much more when either they or their calves go to market we are now agreed on leaving the special purpose cow to the specialist. Instead of being unnatural for a fat cow to give milk it is quite the proper thing to do. Nature intended that the fleshy as weU as the thin should produce and nourish offspring. It has been my experience that development of the young from any female will be all the better for her having a surplus of flesh at its birth.

If Mr. Thomas will run down to Woodburn or Bull Run I shall have much pleasure in showing several of what I conceive to be as close an approach to the double-decker type so much discussed and ignored by self-constituted critics. Two are by Nominee No. 131262. He was first in class, best Shorthorn any age and Grand champion over all beef breeds at Hamilton and Toronto, Canada, Des Moines, Iowa; Hamline, Minn.; and Omaha Neb. Certainly no bull of a higher standard for beef ever came into Virginia. One of these is giving seven pounds at a milking and the other refuses to be dried off although her calf went to a Loudoun County steer grower and is fourteen months old now. She will give more milk still than the Flying Fox Jersey ever did fresh. These cows are good size and young yet but not overly large or rough.

Again witness the multiplicity of advice we have

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

763

from the best authorities to grow and use heavier horses and how the Percheron, for instance, is gaining over Uie thoroughbred even in Kentucky and Tennessee. There are of course owners of large estates and some few men who farm for pleasure, regardless of cost, who maintain horses to ride or drive only. Such exceptions however, but prove the general rule that farmers expect a diversity of tasks from their horses. Mine take from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds to Washington and back in a day, haul 4,300 pounds of fertilizer from the station, are heavy enough to log ordinary timber; quick enough to get us to Sunday School on time and in fairly good shape. Unaccountable as it may seem to the one idea man the biggest, best puller is also the quickest and handiest in lighter leather. These were got by a Perchron out of Morgan mares. This brings the Percheron horse and Rambouillet sheep, France's most valuable contributions to agriculture to mind, as noteworthy exponents of the dual purpose plan and their remarkable popularity is unmistakable evidence for us and against the special purpose idea. The average farmer (and that takes in most of us) is not able to maintain four horses to do the work of two.

What shepherd prefers a bare sheep with wool at 33 cents a pound, in fact is not the ram now in demand even in our mutton breeds more and more required to be a well covered sheep? "Wooled from nose to toes" seems to be the Shropshire slogan and we Southdown breeders are tumbling into the dual purpose band wagon as fast as we can.

Other concrete examples of the pre-eminence to which those kinds of plants and animal life so desirably versatile in constitution and temperament as to serve their owners acceptably in more ways than one have attained are not far or hard to find. Look through the poultry coops on So. Watts St., Chicago; Center Market. Washington D. C, New York City, and it's dollars to doughnuts that the hawk-barred colors of the Plymouth Rock will greet your vision oftener that that of any of the special egg machines. So widespread and persistent has been their acceptance by the public that the only breed which can honestly claim to rival such popular ity is its closest imitator itself likewise an American dual purpose production, the Wyandotte. Advocates of the combination theory in breeding need not rest their claims for public favor upon either, yet so far as Shorthorns are concerned we can stand on one leg and whip —are they not only making more beef than any special beef breed and more milk than any dairy breed?

The world's record for egg production on a flock is held and has been for years by White Plymouth Rocks If we are to judge by the outstanding success of department stores and big general manufacturing establishments like the I. H. C. Co., of Chicago, this is an age of generalization industrially and not specialization.

Fairfax Co., Va. W. B. DOAK.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF "FAMILY" IN THE BREEDING

OF RED POLL CATTLE AS SHOWN BY THE

HISTORY OF THE BREED.

Editor Southern Planter:

There are many breeders of Red Poll cattle that do not understand the numbered letters to be found upon

the pedigree of every pure bred Red Poll and such title as "Flora MacDonald, 22797 M5," would indeed be unintelligible to them. If these letters have any meaning it must be demonstrated. The writer feels that a brief study of the influence of "family ' in the breeding of Red Polls would well repay the breeders of this splendid type of cattle, especially at this time when so many of these breeders themselves are unsettled as to their views of the cattle. Some have learned by experience that nothing pays like milk and butter and so they measure the value of their Red Polls only by the Babcock test for butter fat and the scales that tell how much milk they give and they have forsaken the faith of the fathers and contend for a type removed but a whit in form and purpose from the Jersey which may almost be taken as the model for the dairy. As an illustration of this I might mention the Mayflower cows, one of which tested 5.27 per cent, and 10,468 pounds and stood second in that great dairy contest of breeds at the Pan-American, being led only by the wonderful little Guernsey, Lady Marshall. These Mayflower cows are of distinct dairy conformation, many of them looking more like Jerseys than Red Polls. They are dairy cattle and in England would not be considered worthy to stand in the Red Poll ring. Again, I may call to mind the bull "Popular" that sold as a yearling for $1,200 at Captain Hill's sale. This bull was as much like a Jersey bull as a bull could well be made. He certainly could not be called a typical Red Poll.

On the other hand, there are Red Poll breeders who prefer beef conformation and have lived near blue-grass pastures, where export steers are made and the dairy cow and all her kin are without form and beauty to him and he swears he will quit the breed if the standards call for a lean, angular, high-headed Jersey.

A few years ago this sentiment was so prevalent that the beef type was the generally accepted type and the winners at our fairs seemed to be judged by this stand ard alone.

America is a country of specialists and the one thing wanted must be had. It may be well that men are specialists, for it is in the interest of progress, but the fact remains that for many men conditions make it unwise, impossible to do one thing only, to work along one particular line, and fortunately many men have been so constituted that they will never do one thing perfectly. Their environment has so influenced them that they will not follow one line of study or thought out to the end. The average farmer, for instance, is not a specialist in any line. He may not attain the greatest success in some particular line, because he has given so much thought to so many things that he can't compete with his neighbor who has largely abandoned the various pursuits that fall to the lot of the average farmer for his one favorite pur-suit.I know a man who was once a very good general farmer, but he has turned to dairying as the most profitable phase of farm life and he has, in making this a great success, lost out with farming in general. I do not know whether you catch my point or not, but I am coming to apply it to Red Poll breeders. I don't think a man who desires to make the highest success in beef production should choose Red Poll cattle. Let him take

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Angus, Shorthorn or Hereford. Nor do I think a man who wants the greatest profits from the dairy should choose Red Polls, for I can name a number of breeds more profitable in the dairy. Of course, Professor Mas sey would not want Red Polls, for he is a speciaist and is well fitted to carry dairying to a great success. Let him jump on these breeders who claim Red Polls are the best cattle for both milk and beef, but give some of us credit for thinking that our conditions on the farm make it best to handle cows that are certainly good for both. Although it can't be shown in figures that the profits are as high as when every cow was of the highest dairy type, still most of us feel sure that the cow that will give between three thousand and four thousand pounds of milk per year and test 4 per cent., and at the same time raise a calf that will make a good feeder that wont be considered too bad to graze with the best Shorthorns and Herefords, is a cow that will suit the average farmer who lives far from our cities and among pastures that are far from the best of Kentucky blue grass, far better than either the Jersey or the Hereford. Some of us who are so situated think so anyway and experience bears us out and so the dual-purpose cow will live on and flourish.

Now, if this point be clear, we are ready to take up certain facts in the history of Red Polls in order that we may reach some conclusion about the true purpose of the breed and the meaning of "family" in the maintaining of the true type.

The Encyclopedia Brittanica says of the County of Suffolk: The County of Suffolk has for centuries been celebrated for its dairy produce, which is chiefly obtained from a polled breed of cattle. This is a distinct reference to a breed of cattle, once known as the "Suffolk Duns," probably because of their color. It proves it to be an ancient breed and also a breed suited especially to dairying. A writer of the eighteenth century, in describing this same breed in SuffolK, says it was not unusual for these cows to give eight gallons of milk per day.

In the adjoining county of Norfolk from quite early times a polled breed of dark red cattle were bred which were better suited for beef than the Suffolk Duns; in fact, they seemed quite similar to the Red Galloway of Scotland, a distinct beef type.

In course of time, these breeds were blended and from about 1850 these cattle, now a distinct dual type, have been known to the word as the Red Polled cattle. From the establishment of the Herd Book in 1873 down to the present day, the one purpose of Red Poll breeders in England has been to bring a dual type to perfection. The reading of their "Standard Description" shows they had not a dairy animal in view alone, nor yet a beef animal, but the best combination that could by selection and breeding be attained. How well they have succeeded the wonderful herds of the cattle in Norfolk and Suffolk bear striking testimony and their records are accessible to anyone who wishes to learn. Of one thing I feel assured, no man who has not travelled among the Red Poll herds of England should be rash enough to state that there is no dual-purpose cattle, unless he deliberately misuses the term dual-purpose, and declares it to mean a breed that is at the same time best for both

milk and beef, a thing no true breeder of dual cattle was ever so foolish as to hope for. Many of the most experienced judges in the old country have pronounced the breed as "excellent" in the fulfilment of the ideals of the English breeders, and there is a striking uniformity of type to be found in English herds in these latter years.

The herds in America are too new, too small, too few, too scattered, to gve one a true view of the cattle, but it is none the less remarkable that whenever a large Fair instituted a "Farmer Cow" class, the first prize has gone without exception, as far as I can learn, to the Red Polls. In fact, in this country only the Shorthorns can compete with them, and in England the Shorthorns and Lincoln Reds.

By way of parenthesis, it may be of interest to some to know that investigations show that the "old muley" stock scattered through the East descended from Suffolk or Red Polled cattle, brought over by the early settlers, and all know how these "old muleys" have been favorites on many farms because of their performance at the pail. Not until about 1883 were any importations of registered cattle made, so the breed is very young in America and has all in the future for it.

The account given shows the nature and origin of the breed and makes it clear that the purpose of the breed was definite and I trust our American breeders will not forget that the surest road to success with Red Polls is to follow the standards which have prevailed for over thirty years.

Now, what significance attaches to the families? When the cattle were first brought into the Herd Book, it was by herds and these herds were scattered through both Norfolk and Suffolk. It is but natural that in some Norfolk herds the beef type was predominant while in Suffolk the herds showed more of the original Suffolk quality. To each of these herds a letter was assigned and every cow of the breed was numbered. For instance, one of the most noted herds was the Elmham herd, a herd that certainly dates back a century, and noted for its many fine cattle. This was a Norfolk herd and was designated by the letter "A." Thirty-seven cows were admitted to registry, each bearing her number. Most of the best cattle descending from this herd trace back to three cows—Al, All, A12. The Davyson cattle, noted for beef quality, trace to cows of the Hammond herd, designated by "H," and' only four cows were admitted to register, the most famous of these being HI. The East Suffolk herd, "so noted for milk, was designated "V," and VI and V9 must have been the best of this group. Now, I hope you can understand the lettering. I need not give the full list of letters, but I want to show that these letters once meant something and may still be the key to many a breeding problem.

The best authority I could find in this country, Mr. J. W. Martin, of Wisconsin, and Mr. Blofield, of England, seem agreed that certain herds once stood for certain types distinctly. The Davyson herd, "H," the Nec-ton herd, "N," and the Powell herd, "P," emphasized beef conformation. The East Suffolk, "V," the West Suffolk, "U," and the Elmham, "A," kept a strong line of milkers. One "V" cow has a yearly record of 14,189 pounds; three "A" cows gave over 10,000 pounds each

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER.

765

in a year, and one "U" gave 9,331 pounds in a year. The three original herds that did most to keep the combination type were the Elmham, "A," just mentioned as keeping many great dairy cows; the Eaton, ",E" and the Necton, "N," the last named being also distinguished for beef types. It is apparent that in the making of such a breed the herd that kept nearest the ideal would soon exert great influence and any famous cow would do much fer imparting milk quality, beef quality, or dual quality, certainly up to the half that she possessed in the -long run. Of course, through the years the breeding has been much mixed and it takes study to trace out the lines.

The rule to-day is to give the group letter and number of the dam to the calf, whether it be male or female, so a bull from a dam sired by a K17 bull out of an Al cow would be marked Al, while he might carry blood from.fifty other cattle than those of the "A" herd. Now, could the Al cow influence the breeding much? Certainly not.

I thought it might be interesting to show that many breeders attached great importance to the letter shown in the pedigree, even though it indicated only an infinitesimal part of the blood in the animal, so I wrote to over twenty Red Poll breeders asking what letters were their favorites for milk quality, for beef quality, for dual-purpose quality. I received a number of very interesting letters, the majority of which showed that the letters designating the cows in the various herds were taken as an index of the breeding. Let me illustrate by giving the report as regards dual-purpose quail-ty.

One breeder claims that only the Elmham, "A," retains any significance at present. Two prominent breeders claim that the letters have lost all practical significance. Five breeders place HI first for dual-purpose; four place Al first; one placed U43 first, and one T4 first. P3, E, and N had several votes for second place. The rest were scattering. Also, it appears that A12, U43, V17, V9, Vll, and P7 were favorites for milk in the order given. The Mayflowers were A12.

Now, it appears that the breeders make a serious blunder in attributing importance to the letter shown in the pedigree rather than to the letter tnat represents the prevailing blood.

As an illustration, I have figured out the blood lines in one of my cows—Flora MacDonald, M5. In five generations she traces back to only one M5, so the quantity of M5 blood is insignificant. It appears that one-eighth of her blood is P3, one-eighth A blood, one twentieth HI blood, and more than one-hundredths of U and V blood each. Thus, about one-fourth comes from original stock of definitely known quality. This may be sufficient to fix the total character, as the rest is scattered. If we judge by this one fourth alone we would certainly have dual quality, as the very best of beef and milk are harmoniously and evenly combined. She certainly is dual, as her best Babcock test is 4.4 per cent, and now, at thirty days, she is giving forty pounds per day. If this one-fourth cannot determine it, which many may doubt, then we may as well set aside the lettering, as I am convinced that her M5 means nothing.

I fear this has proved tedious and yet I firmly believe

that just such studies will make us more careful in the breeding of our cattle, and certainly we will not be misled by the letters in the pedigrees of our cattle. If we should keep in mind the character, of the families upon which our breed was buUt and see that the blood is properly blended in our cattle, which is to be determined not by the one letter, but by the letters of ancestors some generations back, so that the true type of dual-purpose Red Poll is maintained, we may rest assured of a great future for the Red Poll cattle, espe-cialy in Virginia and other Southern States.

H. B. ARBUCKLE, Maxwelton, W. Va.

VIRGINIA SUPPLIES ANOTHER HERD HEADER.

Editor Southern Planter:

For the third time in two years, Hygeia Herd has been called upon to supply an Agricultural College with a Holstein-Friesian bull.

Hygeia Veeman Butter Boy was sold to the Virginia Polytechnic Institute early last year. He is a son of the now famous cow, Jessie Veeman A, A. R. O., 2625. She, with her six A. R. O., or officially tested, daughters, are all members of the herd In form and general make-up, the cow is about absolutely perfect, and her daughters, although by six different sires, show a marked resemblance to the dam, all exhibiting the same type and suggesting a decided uniformity in style and general appearance. Jessie Veeman A won first prize and championship at New York State Fair in 1903, amid strong competition, and in 1905 her oldest daughter, Jessie Vee-

HYGEIA ORMSBY PAUL 40975

He now heads the herd of the Georgia College of Agriculture,

Athens, Ga.

man C, duplicated the feat of her dam. Four daughters of Jessie Veeman A, shown in pairs of two, won first prize as "produce of cow," an event never equalled. Syracuse, New York, where these State Fairs are held, may be rightfully termed "the home of the Holstein-Friesian breed."

The British Government bought a grandson of Jessie Veeman A to head their Experiment Station herd at Hamilton, Bermuda Island. This animal was from Frontier Jessie Veeman, who has an A. R. O. record of 20.70 pounds of butter in a week. His sire was Pontiac Calypso's Son, present head of Hygeia Herd, whose two near-

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[August,

est dams average over twenty-eight pounds of butter in seven consecutive days each, and his dam, Pontiac Calypso, has an A. R. O. record of 28.43 pounds of butter in a week, and a milk production of 560.3 pounds during that time, or an average of approximately ten gallons per day.

Through the efforts of Mr. Milton P. Jarnagin, Animal Husbandman at the Georgia State College of Agriculture, Athens, to secure nothing but a good individual to head the college herd, Hygeia Ormsby Paul, 46975, has recently been purchased by that institution. It is the ultimate intention of President Andrew M. Soule and Mr. Jarnagin to build up a herd of only the highest class animals, and with this in view they wished to get a bull of a reliable strain and good individuality. Being experienced in the fundamental laws of scientific live stock breeding, they well realized that the bull was half the herd. Mr. Jarnagin hardly erred in getting the sire he did, for Hygeia Ormsby Paul is fast developing into a show bull of the finest type, closely resembling his sire, who has won first prize in his class, wherever shown, and the breeding of the animal is excellent.

He is from Anzaletta Pauline Paul 2nd., a great producer and a cow of fine conformation. She had a two-year-old seven-day butter record of 10.89 pounds, but increased this, as an aged coow, to 24.64 pounds. She also produced 637.5 pounds of milk in seven days, or an average of over ejeven gallons per day, her best day's milk, while on official test, being 94 pounds. In thirty days she produced 101.43 pounds of butter, and 2,641.4 pounds of milk, which demonstrates her wonderful staying qualities. Few cows give twice their weight in milk in a month. She is one of the 132 cows of the breed that have produced better than 100 pounds of butter in 30 days. She has seven A. R. O. half-sisters, four with records better than twenty pounds of butter in a week, and two with records of over 25 pounds. She is a direct descendent of Pauline Paul, one of the most noted cows of the breed.

The sire of Hygeia Ormsby Paul is King Ormsby Friend, one of the herd bulls, and who represents a cross of the two famous families, DeKol and Duchess Ormsby. De-Kol 2nd was probably the greatest dairy cow of any breed, because of the wonderful production of her granddaughters. Her seven sons have sired 249 officially tested daughters and 154 sons, that have also sired numerous A. R. O. daughters. The Duchess Ormsby family is the richest testing strain of the breed, one of her granddaughters lately going as high as 5.74 per cent, of fat while on test. King Ormsby Friend won first prize and junior champion at Roanoke, Lynchburg and Virginia State Fairs in 1906.

I am more than pleased to note the general awakening of the diary interests in Virginia. Southern people are also beginning to realize that Holstein-Friesia.nj are a good and serviceable dairy breed and I have been kept busy of late supplying purchasers with well bred animals from this herd. W. F. CARTER, Jr.

Crozet, Va., July 18th, 1909.

STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION

This Association will hold its annual meeting in Lees-burg Va., in the month of September at a date to be

j later announced. The subject of tuberculosis in cattle and the way to get rid of it is to be one of the chief topics of discussion and tuberculin testing and post mortems on the animals responding will be features of the meeting. Every dairyman in the State ought to arrange to be present and get the benefit of these experiments and discussions and thus be prepared to intelligently d'scuss and press for the necessary legislation to protect them from loss in stamping out the disease.

THE CARE OF THE LIVE STOCK DURING AUGUST.

Editor Southern Planter:

If the losses farmers sustain from the lack of doing the right thing at the right time could be even estimated the amount would be simply astounding. I doubt not it would pay the salaries of all the preachers in the United States. A great deal of this loss occurs to the live stock .industry. Let us go over together some of the matters concerning the live stock that may cause loss if not attended to in time. There is the little flock of sheep. An occasional one may need tagging badly; we make up our minds to attend to the matter pretty soon when we have more time. It slips our mind and in a day or two an old buzzard flying over the house towards the pasture tells us that the flies got the big ewe, and he is on his way to do the undertaking. Press of other work may have caused you to forget how long the flock had been running in that old pasture without change, but the hollow flanks, the dead look of the wool and the signs of the scours will tell you plain enough that the lambs have been picking up stomach worms off that old pasture longer than has been good for them, change the flock every ten days, give them something fresh. We like to have fresh seeded land in which to turn the flock at least half the time. Then when the lambs are ready to wean, (which is generally in July or August) have an entirely fresh piece of good feed, cow peas are splendid, or late clover and timothy; any piece of land that is free of stomach worms and full of feed. Then the lambs will go into the winter fat and healthy. If you haven't dipped the lambs, which should have been ' done at the time the ewes were sheared, attend to that matter at once, never run a bunch of lambs through the winter without dipping. It means loss of feed and disappointing results all around. Get the ewes on the gain, as you want them in strong condition as the time approaches that you wish to turn the rams to them. Any old ones, whose mouths are beginning to break, should be sorted out and go in the pea fields to fatten for the butcher. The pigs are of course in the pea fields now getting almost their entire living, still they will enjoy a bite of blue grass now and then and will grow the better fQr having it, so give them a chance in the old pasture once a day. Perhaps you can give them their little feed of slop out there. As soon as the corn gets into roasting ear stage snap a little off for the pigs once a day. I have heard pigs love nothing better than a little soft corn thrown out in the pea fields so they can grab an ear, dash off and hide under the thick pea vines, and then enjoy their feast. As the sows are springing for their fall litters see that they are given a good run on peas every day also. They should be in good, smooth, strong condition at farrowing time, strong pigs and good litters will be the result.

Those little calves you have been feeding by hand all

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

767

summer, don't turn them out into an old dry pasture with no extra feed. Send them into the pea patch with the lambs in case you haven't a good piece of second growth clover and timothy in which to run them. Remember if they go into the winter in thin condition they will come out in thinner condition next spring and will never make good cattle. They will pay a big price for a handful each of shelled corn fed in a wide, flat-bottomed trough. If the calves are lousy you should by all means dip or spray them thoroughly at least twice at intervals of ten days. Rockingham Co., N. C. A. L. FRENCH.

SOME CHARACTERISTICS IN BREEDS OF HOGS.

Editor Southern Planter:

In the last number of The Planter a good deal was said about the merits of the Tamworth hog. The writer has had considerable experience in the past twenty-five years raising hogs in Southside Virginia. Have raised Chester Whites, Poland Chinas, Berkshires, Essex, Tamworth and the old Virginia Scrub or Razor Back. Some years ago I commenced with the Scrub and in a very short time was convinced that there was nothing made in raising Scrubs compared with the profits in raising pure-breds.

The meat of the Scrub was sweet and juicy and not too fat, but the great fault in the breed is, it takes them too long to reach the two hundred pound mark. I found the Chester White a very good hog, but lazy and a bad rustler and very liable to contract mange, and if they farrow while thus affected the pigs come well covered with this disease; thus retarding their growth. I liked Poland Chinas very well, but they are no rustlers; requiring more grain than the Berkshires and not prolific breeders. The Essex is a good hog as far as he goes, the best hog to stand close confinement but won't grow so large as the Berkshire in the same time and is devoid of energy. The Tamworth, I found, very much over-rated and no better than the Razor Back, except that they will grow larger in the same time and have more pigs in a litter. The meat of the Razor Back is just as good in every way. It requires extra good fences to keep the Tamworths in bounds and if you don't keep three rings in each one's nose he will root up your pasture every time it rains. He will root no matter what quantity or variety of food you give him. I had great trouble to sell the pigs for stock and when they grew up I could only sell them to the butcher at a discount The cross resulting from a Tamworth sow and a Berkshire male is a much better hog than the Tamworth, the meat just as sweet; they are the same color as the Tamworth but with round black spots on the body, with much shorter legs and nose. The long legs and nose of the Tamworths are unsightly. As a money-maker, with me, the Tamworth was a failure. I think a farmer might keep one Tamworth sow, serving her with a Berkshire male and raise meat enough for his table. I raised Berkshires for ten years. While they have their defects yet they are the best of the breeds named as money-makers in this State. They belong to the lard type, but if properly managed and kept in good pastures, not fed too much corn or concentrates the amount of fat can be controlled to a certain extent. I found it much more profitable to sell pigs and not keep them until nearly grown and then offer them for stock, but if no purchaser is to be had they must go to the butcher. I so arranged that my sows would

farrow early in January, wean the pigs at ten weeks old and let the sow go at once to the male then the second litter would come early in July; out of these litters I got my meat for next year. I sold all the nice well marked pigs, the rough badly marked ones I kept for slaughter. I fed them a little corn and milk and run them on clover, alfalfa and peas. At Christmas when they went to the butcher they were in fine order not too fat and generally weighing about 150 pounds. A great deal is in the way you feed them.

I note what Mr. Saunders Spencer says in July Planter, under the caption "Breeds of Hogs as Meat Producers." He offers a clipping from some paper giving the results of certain experiments made by one of the American Agricultural Stations as to the capacity of of certain breeds of swine to convert food into meat. As a result of these experiments it was found that the average cost of producing one hundred pounds of pork worked out as follows:

1.—Large Yorkshire, $2.03.

2.—Tamworths, $2.08.

6.—Poland Chinas, $2.28.

And winds up by stating among other things, the following conclusions were deduced from the experiments: "2.—That swine of the lard producing types are not more cheaply grown up to the age of 196 days than swine of the bacon producing types. 3—That pork can be made more cheaply from swine of the large Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds than from the Poland Chinas or what may be termed "lard types."

I am very sorry that Mr. Spencer did not give the name of the Experiment Station that this valuable information emanated from so some of us could write to headquarters and get all the facts in the case. Experience has taught me you cannot swallow blindly everything that is given out from the Experiment Stations. As a rule these experiments are made by men who are theoretically learned yet practically ignorant having had but little experience in doing the things they proclaim to the world they are experts in. Some of them will make an experiment once or twice and if the result is the same each time they conclude that the doubtful points are settled beyond all controversy. Now it is a very difficult matter to select a certain number of pigs from different breeds that have the same capacity to respond to a given amount of food. It Is an easy matter to pick out four or six pigs from Tamworth sows the same size, or the same number of pigs from Berkshire, Yorkshire or any other breed, but how do you know the capacity of each pig to grow? You may take say four pigs from the same sow belonging to thesame litter, put them in the same lot, feed the same way, and you will find at the expiration of three months some of them will be much larger than the others—why so? Because nature gave them more capacity to grow. So on this account it is very hard to come to any just conclusion in these feeding contests except by many experiments and even then there is room for doubt. Now if pork can be made as cheaply from the Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds as from the Poland Chinas or lard type, why does not the western breeder, who is the most successful raiser of pork in the United States, find it out? Travel through the West and you rarely see any other breeds of hog but Poland China, Berkshire, anad Duroc-Jersey, all belonging to the lard type. A great many of these are slaughtered

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

within 196 days from birth. I never had a Tamworth to grow as large as the Berkshire in six and one-half months. The writer has no hogs for sale.

Rockingham Co., Va. E. W. ARMISTEAD.

A VIRGINIA JERSEY RECORD. Seven Day Record, Registry of Merit, American Jersey

Cattle Club. Editor Southern Planter:

Fourteen pounds butter, containing 85 per cent, fat, is required for entry.)

Mels Crocus 2d, A. J. C. C. No. 176977. During the seven days, June 22 to 28, inclusive, she made 321.1 pounds of milk, containing 14.482 pounds of fat, which would make 17.034 pounds of butter, containing 85 per cent, of fat. Here average per cent, of fat was 4.51 per cent Age, five years, nine months. Owner, John H. Garst, Salem, Va.

MEL'S CROCUS 2ND 176977.

The cow made this record on her usual allowance of feed and general care; was not forced in any way. She is a splendid individual and at a better season would have exceeded the seventeen pound mark.

Test made by Walter Bernstein.

BACON OR LARD HOGS—WHICH FOR PROFIT IN VA.?

Editor Southern Planter:

At least one of your readers fails .to understand from what Professor Massey says in May issue of Southern Planter (page 469) whether he intends to make the impression that to get a better grade of hams and bacon than can be made from the lard or fat back breeds of hogs one must depend upon the products of the Razor back.

No doubt many of your readers would be pleased to hear from him as to this and his ideas of the products of what is known as the bacon type of hog of which there are several recognized breeds. Does Professor Massey wish to be understood as meaning that while the woods ranger makes the best of bacon that there is no other type of hog from which fine bacon and hams can be made, and that we must either get a Razor back for bacon or be content with a lower grade made from the lard type? The writer, with probably others, would also like to hear something from him as to the profit in raising the bacon types compared to that in raising the lard type, as Virginia hams bring such good prices, particularly in Philadelphia, and does he not think that the bacon type of hog is particularly adapted to the South where our cow peas,

soy beans and other cheaply grown crops flourish and from which the finer grades of bacon and hams can be produced.

Does he know of a party in this State who raises hogs of the bacon type and cures the products from them properly who is able to fill more than one half the orders which come to him at very much better prices than can be gotten for bacon and hams made from hogs of the lard type?

Must we have a hog of the bacon type from which to get prime breakfast bacon and choice hams and can we depend upon these products being uniform in quality.

The hog of this type certainly grows rapidly and to great weights. Can any one point to well conducted experiments where hogs of this type have suffered by comparison with the hog of the lard type in tests to determine amount of feed consumed per pound of gain?

Loudoun Co., Va. V. O.

BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND THE HUMAN RACE.

Editor Southern Planter:

The deep and widespread interest in tuberculosis in both the human and bovine, the question of transmissibility of the disease from one to the other, and the great opportunity for its transmission, is causing much discussion. Hearing a strong argument by Mr. Beattie against the liklihood of the disease being transmissible I asked him to reduce his statement to writing, which I hand you herewith.—

W. J. QUICK.

Dear Doctor Quick:—In reply to your letter will say I am glad to give you any information I may have. The herd of cattle I had reference to was kept at Blooming-dale, Va., and was under my care. They were bought with great care and had the best food and attention possible. The first case of tuberculosis I saw was in two cows purchased from August Belmont, of New York. These were killed, and my suspicion confirmed. We then had the herd tested by the Government, and seventy-seven per cent found to be infected. We killed, for examination, many of these cattle, and found that the tuberculin had not made any mistakes. These cattle were kept on the farm, and put in hospital, and finally destroyed if found to be hopeless. Several years after the Government test, the State, through Dr. Niles, tested the same herd, and the young stock that had been reared, and while he did not find so large a percentage, he passed as sound twenty-three head that the Government had found tuberculous several years before.

I do not believe, as I tolvi you, that human beings can take the disease from cattle. I base this opinion on the following facts, within my own knowledge and my connection with this herd. There were fifty-six men, women, and children who drank the fresh skim milk from this herd for six years, each family having three gallons per day. The same men and boys milked, fed, cleaned twice a day, and swept up the stables, and practically lived with the cattle, and up to this day, not one of them has ever developed the disease,—every one I know of at this time. I was using the milk from one of these cows before they were tested, and having reason to think she had an enlargement in the top of the udder, killed her and found a tuberculous mass in the udder, and a sample of the milk was found full of baccili. I had used this cow's milk for my wife and children and myself, all of whom were large

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

769

consumers of milk, for at least a year. But, so far, we have seen no harmful results. I have helped at about one hundred and fifty post-mortems, and in only one instance was there any indication that the tuberculin was wrong, and this was a case where it looked as if a mild case had been cured. I have given lots of thought to this disease, and was in a position to make any experiments I saw fit. I have concluded that the watering device we used was one mean of spreading the disease, and another, was too close confinement in the stables, it matters not how well ventilated. After leaving Bloomingdale and coming back to my own place, I determined to try another plan. So I insist that my cattle be out 365 days a year, and they are only in the stable during milking hours, and at night in winter, and in the fields all summer except when up for milking. This course has been pursued for three years, and while my cows have not been tested, I have seen no appearance of any trouble in that time, and I was constantly having cows go down the other way. I, of course, do not get as much milk, but have healthier cattle. I have been in the dairy business, and a breeder of live-stock, horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, for thirty-one years, and I nevei lost a cow until 1890 from this disease. I am not past being convinced that cattle can give human beings tuberculosis, but I can't believe it now with the light I have before me. The question of testing all the cows furnishing milk to Richmond is being agitated now, and it may be put in force before long,—but it is a matter that should be well considered before any radical step is taken—for it will be far-reaching when it starts. One thing I can not see through is this, that if our physicians believe cattle produce the trouble in human beings, why are they so careless about the milk supply in their own families and for their patients? All this may not be what you want, but if not let me know and I will cheerfully give you any information I have at any time. This is a matter that inter ests me greatly.

Henrico Co., Va. H. C. BEATTIW.

This is strong testimony in support of Dr. Koch and is entirely in harmony with our own views on the subject as frequently expressed. We believe that if the disease was transmissible from the bovine to the human race th latter would long ere this have been decimated. Farmers all over the world are the greatest consumers of milk and at the same time the healthiest members of the human family. We want to see tuberculosis eradicated from the bovine, not for fear of its injury through the milk to the human race but because it is a cause of serious loss to the farmers.—Ed.

Catalogue of the sale cattle will be ready to mail by August 20th and will be mailed to parties on application, and will give full particulars relative to their breeding. Very truly yours, S. W. ANDERSON.

DISPERSAL SALE OF INGLESIDE HEREFORDS. Editor Southern Planter:

I regret exceedingly handing you to-day my ad. for the dispersion sale of my herd of Hereford cattle at my farm on Sept. 21 and 22. Acting on the advice of my phys ician I deem it proper to close them out and take a rest, and on that account the entire herd will be sold at auction without any reserve on the above named date.

For "the past twenty years I have given this herd my own personal supervision and neither time nor money was spared in founding same. From time to time new blood has been infused and the herd strengthened from year to year until I can say fearless of contradiction it stands to-day the equal of any in any country.

Referring to the foregoing will say that the breeders of this section generally will read this announcement with genuine regret. They can ill afford to lose such men as Mr. Anderson from their ranks. We know that all join heartily in the hope that he will be speedily restored to

health.—Ed.

A VIRGINIA HOLSTEIN RECORD. Editor Southern Planter:

The picture is "Countess Meta" 61798. The record of this cow has been kept for the past five months; January, February, March, April and May. She gave during the five months 7,500 pounds of milk (937 1-2 gallons

COUNTESS META 61798.

or over; 6 gallons per day), which tested 3.48 per cent, butter fat. This will give Eastern Virginia an idea of what a good cow is capable of doing. Weed out the unproductive cows. Find results by weighing and testing. By this method a herd can be bred up to a paying basis.

T. O. SANDY

WHAT A SMALL FLOCK OF SHEEP CAN DO. Mr. Julian Ruffin of Hanover county writes us that his flock of 160 sheep have this year up to this time brought him in a little over $1,000 for lambs and wool alone and he still has the old sheep on hand worth as much per head, and probably more, considering the value of ewes on the market now, than they were a year ago. He says the sheep did not eat $10 worth of grain the whole winter. What other stock can make such a return as this? Talk about gold mining or banking being profitable! They are not in it with sheep when properly managed and cared for. There is a safe and sure 50 to 75 per cent, profit in a flock of ewes one year with another and often as in this case over 100 per cent, in a flock kept in our mild climate and with such close proximity to the best lamb markets in the country. When will our Virginia farmers realize this and keep the sheep which our lands ought to carry? Every yard of land they graze on is improved by their presence and no costly buildings are needed here to house them in the winter or big supplies of food to be grown to store and feed them on. They harvest their own crops and manure the land for the following crop. Truly the sheep's foot is golden.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

The Poultry Yard

POULTRY NOTES.

August is the most trying month of the year 'to the poultryman. The old stock is "off duty" and the young stock is not mature. Feed of every kind is high in price and much of it very inferior in quality. From this time until the young chicks come from the incubators next January and February I will not buy anything but whole grain for my flock. I will buy wheat, oats, corn, buckwheat and millet seed. If I can find pure wheat bran I will buy some to mix with meat meal but if I must pay for peanut hulls, ground corn cobs, oat hulls and mill sweepings in order to get some wheat bran I will cut the bran ration out and mix wheat, oats and corn in equal parts and have it ground fine and use that for the mash feed. I am fully convinced that it pays to feed one feed per day of mash. This gives one a good way to utilize all scrap, milk and offal and to give the necessary amount of meat and salt to the entire flock. It pays well to feed generously during the next six months. Extra good feed and care now means mature pullets by September and October and the yearling hens moult and put on their new coats in time to get to work before winter. I have sold all of my yearling hens and will depend on early hatched pulets for winter eggs. Some of them are laying now and I hope to have at least 100 of them laying by Sep tember. I cannot figure any profit in eggs at present prices but later I hope to see the price of eggs advance and feed decline. I have been asked many times to give the cost of raising pullets to laying age. This has been tried many times by individuals and by Experiment Stations, but I have yet to see a single report that is more than a close estimate. First we must begin with the cost of the eggs. Clearly we cannot begin with eggs at two, five or ten cents apiece. What does it cost to produce them? Second, a single hatch will not determine the cost of growing a flock of pullets to laying age. The only answer to the question that would determine the cost would be to know what the eggs cost at the time they were produced, the cost per chick for eggs, oil, attendance, ate. to get the chicks out of the shells, then the cost of feed care and attendance for the first eight weeks, then separate the sexes and figure the per cent, of cost of the pullets to that age, then feed them to laying age and know the cost of each stage in the development of the various broods hatched and raised during the year. With such data at hand one could give fairly accurate figures. I estimate that my Leghorn pullets will cost me nearly $1 each this year. I consider them very cheap at this price. I doubt whether I could buy first-class pullets at laying age at this price. Anyone having either white or brown Leghorn pullets of a good strain would not sell them at this price unless circumstances compelled the sale. I have had many persons write me that such pullets were not worth $1 each. Let us* figure this out and see. Let us take pullets fully mature and laying October 1st. Good stock with good care and feed will certainly lay twenty eggs per month for six months. This would be ten dozen eggs. At 30 cents per dozen, the average price for five years, would be $3.00. Suppose we sell the hen at the

end of the sixth month in the market at 12 1-2 cents per pound, or say 50 cents. This will give us $3.50. Cost of feed at $2.00 per year per hen, for the six months would be $1, with cost of pullet $1, total $2, leaving a net profit of $1.50 or 75 per cent, on the investment for six months. Is this a good investment? Many very great financiers are satisfied with six percent, annual interest or three per cent for six months. At twenty-five cents per dozen and the high price for feed it would still leave a profit of 50 cents per hen, or 50 per cent on the investment. The great drawback with many people is that they do not give their flock the feed and care necessary to get these results. It is not the fault of the stock but of the owner. The fact is that good stock with good feed and good care will produce more than twenty eggs each per month. Twenty White Leghorns, 10 pullets and 10 yearlings laid 3,240 eggs the first six months of this year, an average of 27 eggs per hen per month for me, and a flock of 125 brown Leghorns made an average of 24 eggs per month for the same period.

If these hens made this record then what is the matter with the average flocks of the country? As noted above many flocks are not housed and fed right. Many flocks are not bred and selected right. Some of the hens are not layers, some are too young and some too old and none of them are fed to produce best results. Many farm flocks in the South, everywhere in fact, are made up of all ages, colors and shapes. I saw a flock a few days ago that is a fair type of the average flock. This man said he had 125 in his flock. I counted 22 roosters from one to five years old and at least one-fourth of the hens were from three to six years old. They were a mixed lot with Barred Plymouth Rock blood predominating. I could have selected twenty-five hens from this flock and given them good care and feed and gathered more eggs from them than this man was getting from the entire flock.

I have many inquiries in regard to various books and "methods" of selecting, feeding housing and yarding poultry. These books and methods are advertised very adroitly and catch many easy dollars. The fact is there is no method or feed that will change the hens nature or her natural requirements. One must have good healthy young stock, good, clean sound grain, clean grassy runs for the flock anl "all tricks of the trade" border very closely on plain fakes.

I have an inquiry from a young man who wants to engage in the poultry business for fancy stock and to sell eggs for hatching and he asks this question: "Would it be possible for me to keep a breeding pen of say fifteen hens of each of the breeds recognized by the Standard, and could I realize $1,000 per year profit from them?" It is possible to keep a breeding pen of thirty or forty different breeds of fowls if one has sufficient room and fencing, but it certainly would not be profitable. I find that three breeds are too many, and I am considering very seriously at this very moment of disposing of everything in my yards but one breed. If one has plenty of room and money to throw away and enjoys that way of living one may get some pleasure and a

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

771

little glory out of showing a long list of breeds, but the profits will be nil. All or nearly all the men who have made and are making a success with poultry are doing it with one or two breeds. This applies both to fancy and utility breeders. The cost of breeding, yarding, showing and advertising these many breeds will amount to more than the receipts ana failure will be inevitable. Five hundred good laying hens of one breed will make more clear money than a pen of each variety recognized by the Standard every time.

HUSSELMAN.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS AS A PRACTICAL AND FANCY BREED.

Editor Southern Planter:

When I attempt to present to your readers a treatise on the many good qualities of Barred Plymouth Rocks, I feel that I am presenting to them a subject that is already as well known and appreciated as is the valuable journal in which it appears, The Southern Planter.

I believe they both came into existence about the same time. Nevertheless, it is like a good story, the oftener it is related the more it is appreciated. Ten years' experience and some of that spent with half a dozen different varieties of chickens, convinced me that for profit and pleasure no one breed combined so well the many good, practical qualities as the Barred Plymouth Rocks. I will tell you these as I see them.

Size and shape. I challenge any one to produce a chicken that will supply a more bountiful meal. Their quick maturity, which means less expense; quality of meat in color and fineness; the rich yellow skin of the Barred Plymouth Rocks, places them in the greatest demand in all of the largest markets. Then, their ability to supply eggs at all seasons of the year. I think these embrace the best elements of a thoroughly practical fowl. What other single breed of fowls will supply any one with more of these practical necessities under all conditions of climate and during all seasons of the year like the peerless Barred Plymouth Rocks? Anywhere in the world they seem to be at their best. They have stood a test of forty or more years because of their many sterling qualities. You cannot grace your farm or lawn with a prettier sight than with a flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks. As a fancier and breeder of "Ringlet" Barred Plymouth Rocks, I have found that for hardiness, quick maturity, large size, egg production, setters, mothers and something beautiful as well, they stand without one equal. They have led the past and will still lead the future. Beginners in the poultry business, you will make no mistake in trying them and will find them, as I have, a pleasing and paying investment, to meet the necessary bills of the family, etc. When it comes to the fancy side of the business, their popularity again places them in the lead, as they sell readily at paying prices.

Nelson Co., Va. LESLIE H. McCUE.

CHOICE OF BREEDS.

Editor Southern Planter:

I read the poultry pages in The Planter with great interest and profit. Last month natural and artificial mothers were discussed. I know nothing about the latter, never having tried them, but this I do know—if you

raise Leghorns exclusively and want early chickens, you will just have to have incubators and brooders, as they are practically non-sitters, though fine layers.

With R. C. Rhode Island Reds that are fine winter layers you will always have hens ready to sit. I had some two year old hens last season to lay all November and December that were broody Christmas week. You see the difference—I could have raised broilers by the first of March.

With my Red mothers I find it very little trouble to raise early chickens; my part is to feed them and give them dry, clean quarters; they supply the right amount of heat.

I would say, then, to those new in the business and being pleased with the facts told by the "hen men," don't try a non-sitting breed. If facts told by "incubator men" seem more attractive, why any pure-bred birds will be safe to begin with.

If, on the other hand, you should not be sure which is best and want to try both and see for yourself which is best, by all means get the R. C. Rhode Island Reds. Being a strong, vigorous, healthy breed and rapid growers that feather out readily, they can adapt themselves to either way and make success assured.

I am trying rape in one of my yards as a quick growing purifier and think it will also be a good green food for fall and winter grazing. LOUISE V. SPENCER.

Nottoway Co., Va.

POULTRY KEEPING ON A CITY HALF-ACRE LOT. Breed Kept—Single Comb White Leghorns.

January 1, 1909, stock on hand, 209

June 30, 1909, stock on hand, 137 hens, 4 roosters, 150 chicks, 291.

Stock sold January 1st to June 30th 133

Eggs laid January 1st to June 30th 12,788

Money received for eggs sold for sitting and consumption $293 96

Money received for stock sold 108 61

Money received for manure sold 6 00

Total receipts '. $408 57

Expense for feed, etc 117 84

Total net income from eggs and stock.... 290 73 Value of increase in stock 82 at 40 cents 32 80

Total net gain $323 53

Newport News, Va. R. H. HARRIS.

EIGHTEEN MONTHS OF EXPANSION AND EXPERIENCE.

Editor Southei-n Planter:

Every farming enterprise has its limitations. No matter how profitable a specialty a man may have he soon finds a limit beyond which he cannot enlarge his operations and keep up the percentage of profit. Usually before this point is reached the farmer finds that he has more on hand than he can personally attend to, as, for example, a New York dairyman who, because of a Fourth-of-July escapade on the part of two hired men, found himself compelled to milk all night and all the next day,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

barely finishing his herd of over a hundred cows in time to begin again.

Some eighteen months ago we began the expansion of our family flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks which we had bred pure since 1876, and which is believed to be the oldest flock in the world, intending to continue ne-larging it to the limit of profit on a ninety-five acre farm largely wooded, and on which we carry so much stock that all of the grain fed to the fowls or an equivalent quantity must be bought at least for several years while we build up the land. Our specialty is large, strong, breeding stock and eggs for hatching, and it was a question how far this market could be enlarged and how large a part of our stock would have to go upon the city market.

Having some forty or forty-five females at the opening of the breeding season of 1908, the ciose of the year found lis with a total of 428 of all ages and a little margin of profit on the books for the season. This stock of 428 was reduced by April 1st to about 150 breeders. The demand for breeding stock took practically all the birds which we thought good enough to ship, and we have sold 4,607 eggs for hatching during the present season. A balance struck on July 1st shows a net profit of nearly $500 for the first half of the year, but the heavy expenses are yet to come, as we have a lot of chicks to feed and they take more each day. We also need two more small houses.

Our hatching record for this season is not phenomenal. We have put 1,466 eggs under hens and have taken off, between April 10th and July 10th, and put into coops with their mothers, 973 chicks, or an average of 66.37 per cent. The difference covers the infertile, the broken, the eaten, and spoiled eggs, and the chicks trampled in the nests and a very few deformed or crippled chicks which were killed on sight. The showing would have been better but for the fact that I got in too much of a hurry and when all my regular setting coops were full I started some hens in their own nests in a henhouse, and nearly all the eggs from two nests disappeared—possibly raided by a wandering dog, as nests were on the floor.

The old fowls are in small houses scattered over the place so that we have very few to bother around near the dwelling or where we have the coops for chicks. These coops are also scattered as much as possible, and we have no "yards" or "runs" or "pens" on the place, except one for breaking up the sitters. Everything which we breed from or which we sell for breeding we want grown on free range. We are keeping wheat in feeding coops where the chicks can go to it at will, and are feeding some corn to the larger ones. Last year wheat was almost the only grain fed, and we still have some which was laid in last fall at ninety-five cents per bushel. This season there seems little to choose as to price and we will probably keep both wheat and corn available. No matter what the prices you cannot afford to starVe and stunt a growing chick.

The egg crop has been good. We kept shelled corn before the pullets all the spring and early summer with beef scrap at every house where we kept Maine strain pullets and practically none where we kept our larger females. The amount of beef eaten by the hens on free range was less than I expected. Now, in the hottest

weather we have cut off shelled corn, giving it on the ear instead and feeding wheat in the straw, giving only as much as they will thresh clean each day. We cut the wheat with mower and raked like hay, and built a small stack near each house. The hens can pull out enough for several days, after which we pull out or rake down a daily allowance, raking up the refuse in a pile for winter bedding or to cover rail shelters for the hens to be put up near their houses before snow flies.

Vienna, Va. W. A. SHERMAN.

POULTRY ASSOCIATION SHOW IN JANUARY.

The Virgvinia Poultry Association decided to hold the next annual show of the Association January 15-19, 1910. The Association has a membership close to 100. Many applications are on file to be acted upon later. It was decided that the entrance fees and prizes to be awarded shall be the same as last year. In addition to this, however, the following special prizes were offered: J. W. QJuarles, president, silver cup; R. R. Taylor, first vice-president, silver cup; A. J. Warren,-treasurer, silver cup; Walter C. Schaaf, member, silver cup. These cups are to be awarded on the three-year plan. Secretary Todd reported that in addition to the above cups he had the promises of ten to twenty other cups to be given.

After discussing the question of judges for the next show the folowing were elected: Judge J. H. Drevenstedt, of New York; Professor C. K. Graham of Hampton, and F. H. Morrison of Richmond. The sssociation's decision to elect three judges instead of one, as heretofore been the case, will gratly facilitate the awarding of prizes at the next show.

ABOUT GRIT.

No doubt grit is good in its place. Fowls need it to properly grind and digest their food. We have been asked whether it would be advisable to mix sand, grit, etc., in the mash for chicks and young fowls. This method has often been recommended. We have practiced it ourselves to some extent. We have lost chicks that were given sand and grit in this way, and we have lost chicks that were not given these things mixed with their food. It is a question still open for discussion. Mr. E. C. Dow, the well-known poultry expert from Maine, says on this point in Tribute Farmer:

"One of the most common of the various wise sayings of some poultry teachers is that the first feed of the newly hatched chicks should be grit in the form of fine sand or some similar substance; but this advice is always qualified by the caution not to mix the grit with the food, as to do so means sickness and loss by bowel trouble. If grit cannot be safely mixed with the food and fed, even in small quantities, why feed it at all? We feed the hens grit by keeping a supply where they can help themselves. At the same time, it works no injury to the mature fowls if the grit is mixed with the mash, provided it is not used in excess; but since it is not possible to tell what the hen needs to regulate digestion, it is wise to let her help herself. The gizzard of the chick is free from sand or grit, and should remain free until old enough to begin to grind its own food. That is usually at the age of ten days. Before that they should be fed on food which can be digested without the aid of grit."

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

773

The Horse.

NOTES (By W. J. Carter). "Broad Rock."

It is interesting to note the extent to which Shetland ponies are making history these days, and certainly this is as it should be when we consider the wonderful degree of tractability of these midgets and their ready adaptation to various uses, not the least by any means of which is the pleasure they afford children and ladies as drivers and for use under the saddle by the juvenile division. A couple of seasons back the attention of the trotting horse fanciers was attracted to these midgets of the Equine world by the fact that a Shetland pony figured as the grand dam of the Grand Circuit winner, Lotta, 2:08 1-4, who was exported upon receipt of a handsome price, though even more recently history has been made by Shetlands from the fact that noted horse show exhibitors like the Vanderbilts, Judge Moore, of Chicago, and other wealthy enthusiasts on the subject have been paying big prices for ponies for exhibition purposes. Not long since Afred G. Vanderbilt gave the price of a good race horse for a couple of ponies, while two more from the farm of Charles E. Bunn, the Illinois breeder, brought over a thousand dollars each at auction—a world's record figure.

Among the best known breeders in this section are E. A. Saunders, Jr., of the Buckland Farm on the James River; Carl H. Nolting, Harry C. Beattie, Duncan Wright, of Petersburg, and Dr. Nash P. Snead, of Montrose Farm, near Cartersville, in Cumberland county. Both of the latter have been importers, and while Mr. Wright has practically closed out his holdings, there is a charming lot of both Island and home-bred products at Montrose Farm. At Buckland Farm the preference is accorded home-bred specimens, and a grand looking stallion from the Bunn farm heads the herd, but Dr. Snead states that the imported pony seems more docile and tractable, with less nervousness, as a rule, than those bred in this country, though risk and expense attached to direct importations form handicaps of the sort not easily overcome; in fact, of fifty-one head brought over from the Islands last fall to Montrose Farm eleven head succumbed to distemper contracted enroute, while several of the choicest mares lost their foals this spring. One of the most interesting sights there is the work of little Martha Snead, who at seven years old is an expert in the way of handling, and with the brown stallion, imported Steinvorrod, and others, she drives about the neighborhood, oftentimes with two or three younger sisters, in her tiny break-cart. One of this little lady's diminutive pupils is the handsome brown mare owned by Thomas W. Purcell, of this city.

A Richmond pony whose good looks and manners render him very attractive is Eric Dhu, a registered son of Ivan Dhu, that was obtained by Archer Anderson, Jr., from Duncan Wright. Elsia, the dam of Eric Dhu, is one of the choice brood mares in the herd of Carl Nolting. One of the most serviceable ponies in Richmond, however, is the gray gelding, owned by President George W. Stevens, of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, though, for usefulness and good looks, with exquisite quality, not a pony

here attracts more attention than the litle black mare, Nellie, used by the children of Andrew J. Smith, and several times a blue ribbon wonner at the Norfolk and Richmond Horse Shows. Nellie was imported by the Abells, of the Baltimore Sun. There are also several nice ponies in use by the children at Laburnum, one of them a yearling, and this midget has the form and action of a show ring winner now.

Joseph Lassiter, the former North Carolinian, but for many years past a resident of Richmond, and well known as a factor in the horse and mule trade of Virginia, has removed from the Southern Stock Yards and leased the large and well appointed stables at Nineteenth and Franklin streets, where choice offerings of various grades may be had at the lowest market values. Semi-weekly auction sales on Wednesdays and Saturdays are also features of the establishment. Mr. Lassiter's prize winning trotting stallion, "Petaurist," is in the stud at his new place and a richer bred horse it not to be seen than the son of Peter the Great, 2:071-4, and Felka, by Arion, 2:07 3-4. There are also well bred trotting, road and driving horses in the stable in addition to drafters, general-purpose, business and work horses.

At Stoneridge Farm, near Richmond, L. J. Peters, who handles the trotters and pacers at that attractive and well kept country place for Irving J. Coffin, has some eight or ten head in his stable and all of them are doing well. Peter's string includes Dr. Opera, bay colt, 3, by Doctor Mason, 2:113-4, from Lady Opera, by Cecilian, 2:19 1-4, and she out of the great brood mare, Effie Davis, dam of Lord Sumrall, 2: 101-4, etc., by Red Wilkes. Wealth, 2: 10, by Gambetta Wilkes, 2: 191-4, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk, and some likely young things by Wealth, out of the farm mares. Wealth could show two-minute speed in his races, while as a show horse at the fairs this big brown stallion has frequenty been returned a blue ribbon winner, among his trophies being first prize at the Virginia State Fair last fall. The son of Gambetta Wilkes has been busy in the stud this season, with over fifty patrons, most of them the best mares in Virginia, including Maggie S., 2.17 1-4; May Athol, 2:30, and an elegant pair of bays from Mrs. Howard Gould's estate, near Lynchburg.

The yearlings from R. J. Hancock & Son's Ellerslie Stud, Charlottesville, Va., and those from Henry T. Ox-nard's Blue Ridge Stud, at Rectortown, Va., were sold at Sheepshead Bay, New York and better prices prevailed, as higher averages were made and bidding was far more spirited. Eleven head from Ellerslie were offered, and Wiliam Garth, the well-known Virginia trainer, the owner of Ingleside Farm, at Charlottesville, paid the top price of $1,250 for a full brother to the noted steeplechaser, T. S. Martin. Garth trained the latter and won some of the classic cross-country events with the son of Fatherless. Eighteen head from the Blue Ridge Stud brought $5,275, making an average of almost $300. Summary of these sales follows:

(Continued on page 785.)

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK.

Miscellaneous.

[August,

VIRGINIA'S OPPORTUNITY. The Greatest Need—A Larger Farming Population.

Editor Southern Planter: —

Virginia, like most of the other Southern States, is primarily an agricultural section and she must always look to the production of farm crops for her enduring prosperity.

The greatest handicap under which the State is laboring is the totally inadequate country population to cultivate the land susceptible of cultivation and the great loss of revenue consequent on this unfortunate condition.

The way to make the towns and cities of the State more prosperous and populous is first of all to fill up these waste lands and deserted farms with a new population that will bring them back into abundant fruition and in so doing furnish a consuming population that will insure the continued growth of the cities and towns. In the Central and New England States, in the great Northwest and Canada are thousands of people who are looking with longing eyes to the South, and if the Southern States, through their State Commissioners of Agriculture and other available sources, would institute a broad and liberal publicity campaign, spreading broadcast literature and other advertising matter, setting forth the unparalleled inducements offered to the homeseekers and farmers, then they should in the next few years witness

an influx of good, industrious and thrifty settlers that would mean more towards the permanent and substantial upbuilding of the South than could be brought about in any other way.

Henry Wallace, publisher of Wallace's Farmer, one of the largest farm papers in the West, writes, after a trip through the South, that it is an undeveloped agricultural field of wonderful possibilities and innumerable attractions. That he attributes the lack of more material development almost entirely to the fact that her resources have not been published abroad and consequently the land-hungry population of the North and West know little about this rich Southern country.

The Western States, through their State Boards, Business Men's Associations, Boards of Trade, and their rail roads, are spending literally hundreds of thousands of dollars annually in exploiting their resources and reaping millions in the increased population that is developing these resources.

I have talked with many Virginia farmers who deplore the fact that it is now impossible to get labor to properly continue the farm operations, and yet, it never seems to occur to them that by selling off a part of their uncultivated land to settlers with large families of working boys and girls, they would not only be doing the newcomer a kindness, but be helping to re-populate the country in which they live, and in increasing the population,

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

775

giving themselves a better opportunity to secure good labor when needed.

I believe there are not less than fifty thousand farms in Virginia that could be d'vided up into two or more farms and worked to infinitely better advantage with the increased population that could be induced to locate on them than they are being worked at the present time. Mr. Farmer, with several hundred acres at your command, think this over carefully and then, if you decide to do this, cut off a good piece of your farm of anywhere from fifty to one hundred acres, if it has a house and barn on it, put it in good repair, and make it comfortable and habitable. Next, write the commissioner of Agriculture, at Richmond, and myself, if you are located in Norfolk and Western territory, or the Land Department of the railroad nearest you, stating you have done this and would like to have a good description of the place with terms of sale printed in all their literature that is sent out. If you have the land to spare and want more good neighbors and consequent increased prosperity, but have no buildings on the land, then write me personally and I will send you blueprints, plans and specifications so you can erect either of the houses or the barn shown in the illustration at a small expense compared with the general utility and neat appearance of each of them. The beautiful colonial home can be erected complete, including paint and paper, for less than $500. The little cottage for about $150, and the barn for the same amount, and where the farmer does the work himself, it will only cost him about half as much. The large house has five large, comfortable rooms; the cottage has three, and the barn is a combined barn, implement or tool house and corn crib. A small charge to just cover cost of publication and mailing of these blueprints and specifications will be made and will not in either case exceed one dollar per set.

The way to get settlers on our idle agricultural lands Is to first make it attractive for settlers to come and then to tell them all about it so they will know what good opporunities we have in store for them. Home-seekers and settlers are pouring into Texas at the rate of a quarter of a million a year and this is being accomplished by the bold, persistent and attractive advertising coupled with the indomitable energy and untiring zeal and loyalty shown by all the residents of that wonderfully aggressive State. Virginia offers better opportunities to-day to the settler of average means than almost any other Western State and an abundant advertising of these inducements combined with a warm-hearted and sincere welcome on arrival here, with an evident desire to help them locate satisfactorily and a strong and universal condemnation of the shady tactics that have been adopted in some sections in dealing with the newcomer, will accomplish wonderful results in the sttling up of the waste places in Virginia.

We must make the settler feel that he is among friends who are anxious to have him succeed and thus aid each other to command better results. A man who sells a. farm to a new settler at a price higher than it is worth, who accepts a partial payment knowing the settler cannot meet the other payments when due, and who later on forecloses him and thus not only ruins him temporarily if not permanently when he might have advised him

to buy a smaller place in accordance with his means, and, by helpful advice and encouragement, assisted him to become an independent and successful citizen—a man who will do this, I say, is a disgrace to any community and should be eliminated if possible. If it is not possible to get rid of him, then he should be suppressed and every newcomer warned against him. Give the young men a chance, take them into your fullest confidence, and thus induce them to stay at home and develop your own resources.

The young man with energy and ambition will desert you just as sure as you do not do this, and I have never yet seen a community where the population consisted principally of older men, women and children, that was growing and becoming more prosperous from year to year. The West has built up its wonderful empire by making strong bids for the young men of from eighteen to thirty years with all the red-blooded energy and initiative that only youth can give, and, furthermore, the older sections of the East have suffered to the same extent as they have lost this potential population that has left them to join a people who welcomed them and bade them enter the country, where the young man was king and his kingdom awaiting only his own energy to bring fullest fruition.

New industries and factories in a community are a good thing within certain prescribed limits, but the industry tnat we need most of all is the industry of hundreds and thousands of good, industrious and thrifty American men and women and children to occupy our uncultivated farm lands and thus furnish a consuming population that will need more factories and other industries in our cities to furnish the products to supply the market thus established. Fill up the country and the cities and towns will take care of themselves and simply cannot help but grow and prosper with the general prosperity of the State.

California appropriates, I am told, over half a million dollars a year to publish its advantages to the outside world, and if Virginia could be induced to spend fifty or a hundred thousand dollars annually in acquainting the farmers of the North and West with the unusual advantages she offers we would get the money back with a big interest on the investment through the increased tax returns brought about by the development that would accrue.

If it is a good business investment for the railroads of the South to maintain Immigration Departments with which to advertise their agricultural resources when the only immediate returns they get is the small amount of extra passenger business induced, then how much better an investment it would be for the State at large, through a department organized for that purpose, to spend money liberally in this cause when every new settler and his family is rated by competent authorities to be worth not less than one thousand dollars to the State?

Our Commissioner of Agriculture has secured most excellent returns with a publicity appropriation of much less than that appropriated by several of the railroads within the State for the prosecution of this line of work. He represents the farmers of Virginia and is doing all that he can to better their condition within the limits of the funds provided him. I believe that he should have many times the amount now appropriated for advertising

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

publicity, to allow him to advertise throughout the North and West and enable him to lay before these people the opportunities which await them in our Southland. I further believe that if this were dene we could increase our agricultural population throughout the State to an extent that would bring increased revenues which would many times more than pay for the expense involved. The farmers have this power within their hands and furthermore they should have the hearty coo-peration of the business men in the cities and towns throughout the State to bring about the early consummation of a plan that will insure an influx of desirable settlers to help us develop the resources which we never can develop properly with the limited population at our command.

Roanoke, Va. F. H. LaBAUME,

Agricultural and Industrial Agt., N. & W. R. R.

THE FARMVILLE DAIRYING ENTERPRISE.

Editor Southern Planter:

I have read the several communications in your journal and also your editorial comments in reference to the progress of dairying in Virginia, and I notice in one of the editorial comments the following language: "We have been informed by an excellent authority that the creamery which these promoters have saddled on the farmers around Farmville has cost them $1,500 to $2,000 more than it could have been erected and equipped for."

I do not know who your "excellent authority" was, and ordinarily such a misleading statement would n ot be deemed worthy of contradiction. However, since the statement has been made in the columns of your worthy periodical, which, by virtue of its prestige and circulation, is calculated to do harm to both our town and its dairying enterprise as well as to the company that built our plant, I deem it worthy of reply.

As a stockholder of the Farmville Creamery Association and Vice-President of the Farmville Board of Trade, which organization fostered and encouraged the establishment of this enterprise in our community, I feel that I am somewhat familiar with the facts in this case and further feel that you would not intentionally use the columns of the Southern Planter for the purpose of injury-ing or detracting from the progress of this all important Industry in Virginia.

With such a preamble, I desire to state some facts in connection with the Farmville Creamery Association, which I hope will contribute toward clearing up any misconception that you might have in the matter as well as any that might prevail among your readers.

In the first place, from the beginning of this year, our town and community and farmers generally have felt and discussed the all important desirability of establishing a creamery business here. This is only one of the different local enterprises that the Farmville Board of Trade has been fostering for many months. In our county there are a great many thrifty farmers who have good dairy farms and an up-to-date creamery in our midst, they realize, as well as our town, will contribute greatly to the commercial prosperity of the county and result in great good to our community.

In the early part of this year, the representatives of the company that built our plant came to our town and at the invitation of the Farmville Board of Trade they took

up the subject of establishing an up-to-date and sanitary creamery here. From that moment the Farmville Board of Trade encouraged this enterprise unanimously and cooperated in every way possible in its establishment here. Through such cooperation the farmers of our community were soon interested in the enterprise and by harmonious work the industry was launched and is now a great success in every particular. It has been in actual operation not over seven weeks and has attained a far greater success than any of us had ever anticipated at this stage of development. It is a refreshing sight to our people to see our town every morning literally filled with milk wagons coming to the creamery. It is an enterprise that we have long needed and everybody looks forward to great and permanent results from it.

As to the suggestion in your periodical that our people have been swindled or dishonestly dealt with by the company that built our plant, it is absolutely without foundation in fact. The company that built our plant has .carried out in full both the letter and the spirit of their contract with our creamery company. They have not only done that, but they are equally as interested in its success as ourselves, and their representatives, who are now establishing creameries of a similar nature at other points in the State, return to our town from time to time for the purpose of bringing other dairymen to inspect our plant.

Our creamery now is receiving about twenty-two hundred pounds of milk per day and we are finding ready market for our butter at standard prices. Our butter is conceded by everybody who has used it to be of the very finest quality, and, in accordance with our contract with the company that built our plant, they have sent to us a butter-maker, who now has charge of the plant, and who is an experienced and thoroughly equipped man for the work in charge. I have heard a great many people speak of our creamery butter and all of them say it is superior to any country butter which they have been able to get for years.

In the establishment of this plant we have had the kind operation of Professor Saunders, the State Dairy Commissioner, and also valuable suggestions from the Dairy Inspector. We appreciate greatly the co-operation of these gentlemen and it is the desire of our town to conduct the creamery here in conformity with every regulation of the Dairy Commissioner of the State, and we hope to have full and frequent inspection by his Department and to carry out every regulation thereof.

It is needless for me to say anything as to the great necessity for the dairy business in Southside Virginia. Your readers fully understand, I take it, that the successful establishment of dairies in our State would mean a vast development of our resources and also great good to our people.

In reference to the work of the company that built our plant at this place, I wish to say to you that but for their persistent labor and co-operation with us we would not at this time have any creamery in our community. It is all very well to talk about the company that built our plant charging more for the promotion and establishment of a creamery than its actual cost to them, but any intelligent business man. must needs know that the promotion and actual establishment of an enterprise is worth

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

777

more to its successful operation than any part of expense attached to it. The cost of the material in our building and equipment is admitted to be considerably less than the amount charged us in our contract with the company that built our plant. In the establishment of this creamery, we realize that it would be easy enough to purchase the material and machinery and have them dumped off the railroad in our town and possibly have the building erected, but that is a long way from establishing a creamery company and putting it into successful operation.

The great work which the company that built our plant did for us consisted in organizing our farmers for the purpose of patronizing and successfully operating the creamery, and this, too, for a period of weeks at their own expense; the representatives ot the company that built our plant instructed our people in the actual work of a creamery; created the enthusiasm essential to its establishment; organized the business; instructed our farmers in methods of sanitation, and taught them how to handle their milk to the best advantage, and in every particular established the business in full.

This part of their contract is the valuable work they did, and without this particularly active work on their part we would have had no creamery. This fact is well known in the establishment of any business enterprise; the cost of material is a small matter in comparison with the other valuable essentials in the successful establishment and operation of an industry. In the first place, the representatives of this company created the spirit of cooperation among our farmers. This was valuable work. In the second place, after the spirit of co-operation and enthusiasm had been established, they showed the farmers how to manage the business, which was equally as valuable.

I do not hesitate to say but for this phase of the work of these representatives we would have had no creamery to-day, nor probably for years to come, though there would have been many people in the community who would desire such an enterprise. Now, for the foregoing work, the company that built our plant charged our local creamery company upon a basis of 20 per cent, profit on their actual outlay in expenditures for material and otherwise. Were such services not worth the charge made therefor? I answer unhesitatingly that the work was worth to our community and to our enterprise much more than the amount they charged, and in support of such a statement I allege the foregoing facts. The President of the company voluntarily offered to show to the stockholders of the local company an itemized statement of the cost of our plant and his offer was so confidently received that not a single stockholder doubted its absolute good faith even to the point of not suggesting that such detailed informaion be given. This fact snows the satisfaction of our people with the work of the company that built our plant here. I realize full well that every known enterprise has its knockers. This fact is true now and has been from the beginning of time, and in the inception of this movemnet in our town, there were those who were inclined to knock the establishment of our creamery. We expected it and paid no attention to it and at the present time some of those who most persistently knocked in the beginning are the most pleased and contented patrons of the creamery, and the knocking

at the beginning has been totally overcome by the magnificent demonstration and results of our creamery in operation.

Now, as to your statement that the creamery contract offered to us by the company* that built our plant being a joint obligation in which every subscriber makes himself personally responsible for the whole obligation, that is without foundation in fact. On the day that our stockholders paid their subscription, each to one share of stock, each stockholder was given a receipt in full for all liabilities due to the company that built our plant by virtue of its contract; and the contract under which the said company is now operating in the State, and a copy of which I have before me, contains the following language: "Every subscriber, upon paying his subscription, will be given a receipt releasing him from any further liability to the company that built our plant,' but the giving of such individual receipt or release shall not affect the liability of the other subscribers.

As a lawyer, I will say that under the statutes of this State, it is well known that such a contract is absolutely valid and that a release of each subscriber to a joint enterprise releases him without interfering with the liability . of the other subscribers. This statement in itself ought to be a suffiicient refutation of your suggestion as to the nature of the contract presented by the company that built our plant.

I notice no other specific point in your periodical that demands an answer and, in conclusion, I wish to say that in my opinion the work of the company that built our plant deserves the highest commendation at the hands of our people; they operated in perfect good faith in every particular and in this they have done even more than the letter or spirit of their contract provides for; they came to us most highly recommended from other States where they had been operating for years and I believe after their work receives the co-operation of our people, which it is justly entitled to, it will result in more lasting good to our Commonwealth than any undertaking within her borders with which I am familiar. I hope to see our Southside Virginia filled with up-to-date creameries.

The market for the manufactured products is now at hand and the talk of not establishing a creamery in any community until there is a sufficient number of cows already secured to operate the plant is all buncombe. Like all new enterprise, let us establish the creamery and get in touch with the market for the manufactured product and only then will the farmers begin to stock their farm with cows. We have provided in the charter of our company to supply our patrons with cows of high-class stock if they need them, and while our community has already a large number of milch cows on hand, I can see that the patrons of the creamery are beginning to look about for more cows and they will, in my opinion, increase their number as soon as an opportunity is given them. We have already on hand a sufficient number of cows to operate our creamery on a paying basis, but it is the intention of the directors of our creamery in the near future to purchase two or three carloads of good cows and put them here and sell them to our farmers to be paid for at a reasonable profit, of course, by monthly payments out of their monthly milk-check. In this way I do not hesitate to say that in a year or two we will have a large supply

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

of breeding cows in addition to the ample supply that we have already, and I see no reason why every community where a creamery is established should not be able to do likewise. J. TYLER THOMPSON.

Prince Edward Co., Va.

We gladly give this communication publicity The point made in our article to which objection was taken that the cost of the Farmville Creamery was in excess of what such a creamery could have been built for appears to be admitted, therefore, we were correct in making the statement. If the owners are satisfied with the return for that extra outlay we can have no objection to their so spending their money. We believe that they could have gotten th same results at less cost by availing themselves of the services of the State Dairy Commissioner, part of whose business it is to create a sentiment in favor of the erection of creameries and to do this at no cost to the parties desiring to benefit by such an enterprise. However, this is a matter upon which the parties interested have a perfect right of choice. We are glad to know the creamery is a success and wish it every prosperity. The State needs these industries and all we are anxious about is that they shall be gotten at the least cost and be only placed where conditions are such as to ensure success. Creameries without cows to supply them are burdens and not benefits. —Ed.

NOMINATION OF COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.

Editor Southern Planter: —

Sincere expressions of regret, freely interspersed with strong language of disapproval are daily heard all through the Southwest, with the position the Southern Planter has taken in the effort inaugurated by certain disappointed, disgruntled individuals, their friends and supporters, to oust the present efficient Commissioner of Agriculture, by superseding him by the election of Mr. J. Thompson Brown, for long a member of the V. P. I. Board. Why he is not now might be a subject of interesting inquiry. However this may be, it will be admitted that Mr. Brown is a gentleman of fair ability and irreproachable personality; this is not controverted—neither will it be denied that the possession of these qualities stop far short of equipping a successful head for our "Agricultural Bureau." In the present head, we have ability, rugged honesty, with many years to his credit of intelligently and diligently improved opportunity in which to become acquainted with the agricultural resources and conditions in the State, and in familiar touch with the agricultural population, and understands the necessities of each—as few, or none, of his predecessors have done; and is undeniably better prepared for real work and usefulness than perhaps any otner man in the State. To displace him now, after years of laborious preparation for greater usefulness, would, in the judgment of the writer, and thousands of the earnest, fairminded farmer folk of Virginia be neither "square dealing" or good business, involving as it must, not only the danger of a serious check to the rapidly improving agricultural prosperity under tne present management, but a back set of more or less duration, while his successor, is educating himself up to the point of the present commissioner's usefulness, and at the expense of the public and a serious check to the onflowing current of

improvement in the development of the State's resources, as revived, promoted and energetically worked out, not in "bookkeeping and office work" only or mainly, but throughout and all over the hitherto neglected and uncultivated fields of the Commonwealth. Thoughtful and intelligent farmers are going to pause and reflect when the time is ripe for action and demand a fair, honest deal for the only really useful officer, in the person of its present head, which this department has had for several decades. Really about the only one who for many years (outside of comfortable offices at stated intervals) has practically made himself heard, seen and felt.

Tazewell, Va., July 21, '09. A. J. TYNES.

Writing us with the foregoing article our old friend says: Being absolutely and unalterably in favor of the reelection of Major Geo. W. Koiner, present Commissioner of Agriculture, to succeed himself, and learning, mainly through public rumor, that you refused, as editor, to allow any article advocating the propriety of retaining Major Koiner in his present office, space in the "Southern Planter," as a friend of the Planter and its editor, I hope no such partisan position has been or will be, taken by the Planter, but safe slight evidence at least to tne contrary may be afforded to the Planter's friends in tnis section by the prompt publishment in next issue of the enclosed paper. From a friend and patron.

Tazewell Co., Va. A. J. TYNES.

Our answer to the complaint and implied censure of our friend and correspondent is the publication of this article and two others in this issue which are the only ones we have had sent in supporting Mr. Koiner and which therefore are the only ones we could have published, bowever willing we might have been. We want our friends to clearly understand, what we thought our twenty years' practice had already sufficiently emphasized, the fact that we are always ready to give even the "Devil iiis due." We have published many articles controverting positions we have taken up on various questions at various times and have always regarded it as our duty and privilege to do so. We are always ready to recognize that there at least two sides to every question and that a public journalist who fails to appreciate this and give to each side the opportunity to be heard lamentably fails in the discharge of the duties and privileges of his position. We hope we shall never be found wanting in this respect. We require that the facts shall be accurately stated and the language be courteous and then no one need hesitate to asK the privileke of our columns to controvert anything which we may advance.

Now a word as to the subject matter. We have no apologies to make for espousing the cause of Mr. Brown. We have closely followed the work of Mr. Koiner since he was appointed to his present office and have felt and frequently publicly expressed the opinion that he lacked the force of character, initiative and ability to measure up to the requirements of the office. Especially have we felt and expressed the opinion that in his constant conflict with the State Board of Agriculture that he was failing in his duty and injuring the progress of the work of the department. The Constitution of Virginia reposes in the State Board of Agriculture the control and management of the

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

779

work incidental to the development and advancement of the agricultural interests of the State and the Commissioner of Agriculture is only the executive officer of that Board. To ensure the working of this provision of the constitution there should be loyal obedience and co-operation between the Board and its officer. This has never existed since Mr. Koiner was appointed. Gentleman of the highest integrity and fitness for the position of members of the Board have been appointed by the different Governors who have filled the. executive chair since Mr Koiner was first appointed and with nearly all these gentlemen he has sooner or later come into conflict until upon the last Board he had succeeded in placing every member of the Board except one or two in antagonism to him and his ways. He now complains, and our correspondent reiterates this, that he is opposed by disgruntled and disappointed office seekers. Surely, such a statement is to say the least ungenerous and unjust when applied to gentlemen like Dr. McBryde, Mr. Julian Ruffin, Mr. Beverly, Major Cowan, C. W. Heater and others all belonging to the same political party to which Mr. Koiner claims allegiance. We could add others to this list who have been members of the Board at various times and whose terms of office have expired or who voluntarily retired because weary of the conflict with Mr. Koiner. Surely the existence of such a state of affairs in the conduct of a branch of the government of the State is of itself sufficient justification for an attempt to change and bring about a better condition. There must be harmony between the Board and its officer or progress cannot be made and beyond this there must be harmony and hearty co-operation between the Board and its officer and the other institutions of the State concerned in the advancement of different phases of the agricultural problems of the State. With Mr. Koiner in office no such co-operation has existed. He has steadily set his face against it. The testimony of the gentlemen interested in these other institutions and their work is unanimous on this point. To claim as has been done that Mr. Koiner first started Farmers' Institutes in the State and therefore first reached out to help the farmers at home is absolutely false. We ourselves attended Farmers' Institutes in the different Congressional Districts of the State way back in the days when Col. Whitehead was Commissioner. It should be remembered that former Boards and Commissioners had not the means to push their work which the present Board and Mr. Koiner has had. In Col. Whitehead's time the Board had only an appropriation of $10,000 per year to cover all the cost of administering the fertilizer law and the other work of the department. Mr. Koiner and the Board had last year over $45,000 to carry on the work of the department of which Mr. Koiner spent over $14,000 in salaries and the Commissioner's salary is not included in this amount as he is paid out of the State funds. The salaries alone were thus more than $4,000 in excess of the whole sum appropriated for the work of Col. Whitehead and his Board. Sure'y it is reasonable to expect more with the expenditure of $45,000 than $10,000. We have failed to see anything like a commensurate increase of good worK done with the increased money available. We have not space to elaborate further on this subject. We want all our friends to look

into Mr. Koiner's record and conduct and if'they will do this with open minds we have no fear but that Mr. Brown will be elected.—Ed.

Editor Southern Planter: —

It was a matter of sincere regret to many of the subscribers when the Planter took the part of a partisan in the factional fight now being made on the Commissioner of Agriculture. Having allowed the friends of Mr. Brown the use of your columns you cannot in common fairness refuse the advocates of Mr. Koiner the same courtesy.

It should not be necessary to answer the attacks of Mr. J. H. C. Beverley and Mr. C. W. Heater, in your last issue. These gentlemen are personal and political enemies of Commissoner Koiner, and their constant and petty nagging of him in the meetings of the State Board of Agriculture is too fresh in the mind of the public for their vaporings to count now. Under the circumstances their oppesition amounts to nothing.

With an agility surprising in one of his age, Prof. W. F. Massey springs into the arena with both feet, boosting North Carolina for her Farmer's Institutes. If our venerable friend had not lived so long out of Virginia he would have known that Mr. Koiner first introduced travelling institutes, and North Carolina has only been copying after him. If Prof. Massey will take the advice of an old admirer he will quickly backstep out of the political arena, and confine himself to cow peas and crimson clover.

The speeches of Mr. Koiner's opponent, Mr. Brown, have been for the most part a repetition of Mr. Beverley, a rehearsal of old stuff threshed out in the State Board of Agriculture, and in regard to which the legislature sustained and vindicated Mr. Koiner. In a recent speech, however, Mr. Brown is reported to have sprung a new charge, and a very remarkable one, namely: that Mr. Koiner, in collusion with fertilizer manufacturers, tried to defeat the law regulating the sale of fertilizers. I was a member of the General Assembly at the time, and I remember that Mr. Koiner had the bill typewritten, showed it to members, and it was, in fact, at his instance the bill was introduced and became a law. The charge that he tried to prevent its passage, in the interests of fertilizer manufacturers is ridiculous as well as untrue.

The Planter's lament is that the Commissioner has not worked well in harmony with other agricultural agencies, notably the V. P. I. The professors at the V. P. I. were invited to take part in the institutes. It is true they did not often do so. Perhaps they had troubles of their own. Growing corn crops of five bushels per acre, and criticizing each other and the other departments, left little time for outside work.

Commissioner Koiner deserved a renomination without oppositon. He will be re-elected. Virginians will not remove a faithful and efficent officer simply to please a small faction with a grievance.

Augusta Co., Va. JOHN W. TODD.

Mr. Koiner was not the first to introduce travelling institutes in this State. Through the courtesy and kindness of the Norfolk & Western Railway Company this innovation in institute work was first introduced in the State and this was done at the request and through the efforts of Prof. Soule, at that time Director of the Virginia Experiment

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Station. Neither Mr. Koiner nor the State Board of Agriculture had anything to do with this introduction so far as we are informed. We have no apologies to make for taking up the candidacy of Mr. Brown. We are of the opinion that the State of Virginia is entitled to a better qualified man than Mr. Koiner for his office and believe that in Mr. Brown we shall have such an one.—Ed.

Editor Southern Planter: —

I have read carefully all you have written on the nom-intion of the Commissioner of Agriculture and most heartily endorse the same. Mr. Koiner is utterly unworthy and inefficient in every way for the place, and you will render a great service to the farmers of the State if you can succeed in accomplishing his defeat.

1 note in the July number that you say Mr. Coiner did not prepare the tonnage tax fertilizer bill. This is true, but you are wrong in saying that the bill was prepared by a committee of the Board of Agriculture. The Board did prepare a bill but it was the one defining the powers and duties of the Commissioner. This is the bill I suppose you had reference to. I prepared the fertilizer bil without the aid of Mr. Koiner or any member of the Board and I had it offered in the Senate at the Legislature of 1897-98. For particulars see my letter to Mr. Brown published in the News Leader and Journal July 7, 1909.

T. J. STRATTON.

We are glad to make this correction as to the Fertilizer Bill. We inadvertently confused the two bills.—Ed.

THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.

Editor Southern Planter: —

Whilst I have no desire to enter into the controversy being carried on in the columns of The Southern Planter concerning the course pursued by the present Commissioner of Agriculture, the Honorable G. W. Koiner, my sense of justice and fair dealing alone induce me to testify to the interest that he always has taken in the work of Farmers' Institutes and the Test Farm at Saxe, Charlotte county, Virginia. My first visit to the State arose from an invitation from Hon. C. W. Heater, then a member of the State Board of Agricuture, who wrote me that he had gone to the Department of Agricuture at Washington to secure aid in conducting some Institutes in his district and that I had been recommended for that work. My first recollection of that, my first visit to the State, is that on that occasion we held Institutes at Fishers Hill Woodstock and Winchester. Hon. G. W. Koiner, Commissioner of Agriculture, was present at all these meetings, manifesting a lively interest in the proceedings and participating in the discussions and encouraging the farmers to more thorough preparation for their work. These were amongst the first, perhaps the very first, Institutes he^ under the auspices of the Board. Mr. Koiner, then and there, invited me to assist in a series of Institutes that he had in contemplation. My duties as Director of Institutes in one of the four sections of Pennsylvania prevented my return until the following-March, when I returned to Virginia for Institute work, Mr. Koiner being present at almost every one held that sea son.

I have done Institute work in every county of Pennsyl-

vania, in Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, and in these States the head of the Agricultural Department has an assistant who has charge of this work, thus relieving the Commissioner of this duty, which would take him away from his office. Mr. Koiner, however, has taken upon himself the work of two men to advance the Institutes of the State.

Since that time I have assisted in Institute work in upwards of ninety of the one hundred counties of this grand old State ,and in almost every one Mr. Koiner his done noble service. He was the first Commissioner to inaugurate a Railroad Institute in any Southern State, I believe, and has traversed all portions of the State by interesting railroad and steamboat officials to such a degree that all sections of the State have been visited through their liberality, for the purpose of holding Institutes with little or no expense to the State.

I repeat, a sense of justice and fair dealing alone actuate me, unsolicited by any one, to state the grand work that Mr. Koiner has done in this direction.

My connection with the Test Farm for several years frequently required me to consult Mr. Koiner at his office and I always found him busy at work, even after office hours, laboring to advance the agricultural interests of the State. S. B. HEIGES.

Powhatan Co., Va.

FARM RENTING CUSTOMS IN VIRGINIA.

Editor Southern Planter:

D. L. Davidson, of Red River, Oregon, asks: "Will some of your readers kindly give through the columns of The Planter a general outline of the methods of farm renting throughout the South in general and Virginia in particular?"

I shall confine my remarks to Southampton county, Virginia in particular, and suppose conditions are about the same as to rents or tenants in all sections where we. have or raise what are termed hoed crops, which are cotton and peanuts. We have three classes of renters; viz.: First, the renter who has no team; second, the renter who has his team and pays one-fourth of all crops as rent; third, the renter who has his team and pays money rent. Now, let it be understood that all renters are furnished with necessary houses to live in, water and garden and wood for fuel by the land owner, who is supposed to keep the houses in repair.

Renter No. 1 has to furnish all of the labor to make and harvest the crop and deliver half of all crops in a merchantable condition to the land owner as his rent for land, team and tools furnished to make and harvest said crops. The expenses for seed and for fertilizers used are borne equally between landlord and rental. Now, it often happens that this renter has nothing to feed his family on and must go in debt from the start. I have had tenants whose half of the crop and my half thrown in for good measure would not pay off their indebtedness.

Renter No. 2 has his team, which is rarely more than is exempt under the poor debtor's law, and he too often fails to make crop enough to pay for the supplies that he bought on time.

C. P. GRIZZARD.

Southampton Co., Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

781

THE

Southern Planter

PUBLISHED BY

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING CO.,

RICHMOND, VA.

ISSUED ON 1ST OF EACH MONTH.

J. F. JACKSON, Editor.

B. MORGAN SHEPHERD, Business Manager.

B. W. RHOADS,

Western Representative, 844 Tribune

Building, Chicago, 111.

MANCHESTER OFFICE, W. J .Carter, 1102 Hull Street.

ADVERTISING RATES Will be furnished on application.

The SOUTHERN PLANTER is mailed to subscribers in the United States, Mexico and island possessions at 50 cents per annum; all foreign countries, $1; the city of Richmond and Canada, 76 cents.

REMITTANCES should be made direct to this office, either by Registered Letter or Money Order, which will be at our risk. When made otherwise we cannot be responsible.

SUBSCRIBERS failing to receive their paper promptly and regularly will confer a favor by reporting the fact at once.

WE INVITE FARMERS to write ua on any agricultural topic. We are always pleased to receive practical articles. Rejected matter will be returned on receipt of postage.

No anonymous communications or enquiries will receive attention. Address THE SOUTHERN PLANTER, RICHMOND, VA

ENTERED AT THE POST-OFFICE AT RICHMOND, VA., AS SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER.

4WV

PUBLISHERS' NOTES.

TO ADVERTISERS.

Please bear in mind that we must have all copy or instructions for advertisements by the 25th of each month without fail. Every month we are compelled to omit advertising in large volumes for the simple reason that copy does not reach us in time.

A NEAT BINDER. If you will send thirty cents to our business office, we will send you a neat binder made of substantial Bristol board, in which you can preserve an entire volume of the Southern Planter. Many of our readers find this a useful device, as they always save their copies for reference.

WOOD'S SEEDS—Beat quality always.

Sow Crimson Clover

at the last working of corn and other cultivated crops. It is the King of Soil Improvers,

increasing the productiveness of the land to a wonderful extent wherever it is sown.

It also makes splendid fall, winter and spring grazing, the earliest green feed or a good hay crop, and the land can be plowed and planted in.corn or other crops the same season.

Land planted to corn that is sown in Crimson Clover at the last working yields constantly increasing crops of corn each successive year.

Write for price, and WOOD'S CROP SPECIAL, giving full information about Crimson Clover and other Seeds.

U

T. W. WOOD 6 SONS, Seedsmen,

Richmond, Virginia.

VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE.

Arrangements have been perfected for the Sixth Annual Session of the Virginia State Farmers' Institute, which w'll be held in Cabell Hall, at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, on August 10th, 11th and 12th.

The program committee has worked hard to give the farmers of the State the best program they have yet had. Among the strong speakers are Hon. F. D. Coburn, Secretary State Board of Agriculture, of Kansas, who made that State, agriculturally; Dr. S. A. Knapp, head of the Farm Demonstration Work; Professor W. F. Mas-sey, known to hundreds of our readers; Dr. W. C. Stubbs, of Virginia, for thirty years Director of the Experiment Stations of Louisiana^ Joseph E. Wing, of Ohio, and others of prominence. We hoped to have had J. F. Jack, of California is putting down about one thousand acres of alfalfa on the Rappahannock River, but at the last minute he had to withdraw from the program.

All railroads are kindly giving reduced rates for the occasion and the Chamber of Commerce of Charlottesville, Virginia, has arranged an outing to Monticello, the nome of Thomas Jefferson, on the last day of the Institute.

All farmers of the State are cor-

RAFFIA

Red Star and Arrow Brands

Bale lots of 225 lbs. eacb.

We are direct importers—stock always on hand. Write for special prices, stating quantity required. Sample sent on request.

McHUTCHISON & COMPANY,

Raffia Importers,

17 Murray St., New York.

TREE SPRAYS

VI -For Trees in Dormant state

V2 —For Summer Use

V3 — For Leaf-eating Insects

Effective in the highest degree. Are highly Concentrated. Absolutely uniform in strength. Mix instantly with water. One part to 100 parts water. No sediment to clog nozzles. Harmless to the trees and user. Non-poisonous to animals grazing under trees. Invigorate and cleanse the tree. Write for pamphlet o£ convincing testimony.

Wm. Cooper & Nephews, 177 Illinois St., Chicago

BANK OF RICHMOND

Main and Ninth Streets.

CAPITAL, $1,000,000 00. SURPLUS, S47S,000 0*.

Special attention paid to out-of-town accounts. Correspondence invited. S Three per cent. Interest Allowed In Savings Department.

Compounded Semi-Annually.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

FREE SAMPLE .

THERE are two important in connection with Amatite points to be remembered tite Ready Roofing.

1st. It has a real mineral surface.

2nd. It is waterproof with Coal Tar Pitch.

The mineral surface makes and the Coal Tar Pitch water-painting absolutely unnecessary, proofing is the greatest known enemy to water. You are sure of the very best protection at the lowest possible cost, when you buy Amatite.

Send for free sample and booklet.

Barrett Manufacturing Company, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cleveland, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Pittsburg, Kansas City, New Orleans or Minneapolis.

MONTEOSS METAL SHINGLES

Have been made for ■ver twenty years All users satisfied. No experiment. An Weal roofing. Fire, lightning and tormproof. Kasily laid Ught. Handsome. ill not scale or crack. Last a lifetime Inexpensive. Write for catalogue.

MONTROSS METAL SHINQLE CO., 113 Erie «t., Camden, N. J./

Lowest Factory Price— •Freight Prepaid

"Write immediately for free samples and booklet telling

about the most remarkable offer ever made on old reli able

high quality BREESEBROS.

RUBBER ROOFING

Qiiaranteed, waterproof, fnc resisting and dm Able. Dclsj m»7 coat you money. Wrilonow.

The Qroeso Bros. Company

Roofing Dtpl. 6t ? Cincinnati, O. $0

HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS

Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring A wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,| bring more money. Ask for special proposition. I Haney Spring Co., 73317th St., Eacino, Wis.I

dially invited to attend this session whether they are members or not, and a further invitation is given for all to become members. The dues are $1.00 per year, which fee includes all privileges of the Institute, also a printed copy of the proceedings.

For a copy of the program or further information, address the Secretary, B. Morgan Shepherd, Box 840, Richmond, Virginia.

WITH THE ADVERTISERS.

A splendid opportunity for a young progressive farmer is offered by "L. R." in the "Want" columns.

The Woman's College, Richmond, Virginia, has its announcement on another page.

The Benthall Machine Co. has a prominent announcement of peanut machinery elsewhere in this issue.

The Hill Crest Farm is offering bargains in Duroc Jersey hogs.

Hereford cattle can be had of J. L. Pitts. See his ad.

J. A. Strough is advertising Belgian horses

Milking strains of Shorthorn cattle are offered by L. D. Kline.

Amatite Roofing is again advertised this month.

Jersey breeders will be interested in the advertisement of Allen Dale Farm.

The Aermotor Co. has an attractive announcement in this issue.

The International Harvester Co. resumes its advertising of its lines this month, including engines, auto-buggies, separators and wagons.

The German Kali Works start their fall advertising with this issue.

James Leffel & Co. start the season's advertising with an attractive announcement on another page.

The Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co. is advertising its manure spreader this month.

Note the change in the advertisement of the Planters National Bank.

Free Trial To You

/'A FARMER'S ACCOUNT BOOK.

We can furnish a very simple and complete account book for farmers' use for fifty cents, postpaid; or we will give a copy to every subscriber who wih remit us $1,00 for a three year subscription and ten cents to cover mailing.

This book contains records for labor, planting, buying, selling, breeding, and inventory and will last the average farmer for two or three years.

In the back of the book are gestation tables, rules for computing contents of corn cribs, hay stacks, etc.

Fairfax Co., Va. April 1. '09. The Southern Planter is the best paper I ever read and well worth the money. If more farmers would take its advice they would be better off. FRANK T. NEVITTE.

There is no doubt about what is in

Genasco

Ready Roofing

It is Trinidad Lake Asphalt. We are not afraid to tell you.

There's no doubt about whether this asphalt will last. It has already lasted twenty-five years in streets and roofs.

There's no doubt that Genasco will last.

Smooth and mineral surface. Backed by a thirty-two-million-dollar guarantee. Look for the trade-mark. Write for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

THE BARBER ASPHALT PAVING COMPANY

Largest producers of asphalt and largest manufacturers ofready'roof-ing in the world.

PHILADELPHIA

New York San Francisco Chicago

Than Is delivered by any other style of pump am 26 to Z3y s % more wate ' than is raised by any other pump of the same type is produced by the

"American" Centrifugal Pump

It's because the impeller is accurately machined to the casing, there is no sudden change of direction of the water in passing thru the pump, and the entire mechanical efficiency contributes directly to the raising of water. "American" Centrifugals are guaranteed rigidly. Ask for our new catalog. The American Well Works, omce & Works, Aurora, III. First Nat. Bank Bldg., Chicago. Sydnor Pump Company, Kirhmond, Virginia.

*^- Let Us Send tm •***;

Our Book. \

| aiMttst «»otf wtwein ao«l good wag-u na **.«•■'• WW* ( [ yo» » 5st o4 rcrk an* make yon * *ot at «BK»»«r» HM

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEE * )

and the™-"—

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON, f

I Sy erory test, they are tfce oeet. Mo"»mmiu«>o»s»* • ■ * quarter luinioue boH Spo>ee cn*te« «j \fe« '•oh. Cant work Jooee. A sei ot ot»»M« WOI J uiajto your oW wagon naw Catalogo** trm

] fcUECTRIC WHEE1 CO : 8os 146 Q^G* Hit

IA/p Will ftil/P A RURAL MAIL BOX,

"O will! WIVO The best and handsomest Galvanized Steel Rural Mail Box -nade, to the first person sending address of party u ..vassing for petitions for new Rural Route. Write today. SEMTCKY ST.JIPIM) CO.. nSPT. 8S I.O'I* VI1.1.K, KT.

Please mention the Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

783

lage

Unsatisfactory si-often results

from longr, unevenly cut corn. What's the use of expensive silos and equipment, corn just in riyht condition, etc., if you spoil the silage in the tutting Fine «_\ cm;-cu! silage is 1.1,-hH Important. There's just one cutter can produce it. With the "Ohio" you don't risk inferior silage. Ask us to prove this. We can-Other strong "Ohio" points—capacity, durability and construction, light running, price make the "Ohio" absolutely dependable under all conditions.

"Ohio" Blower Cutters—6 Sizes 3 to 30 tons an hour—5 to 16 H.-P.

You're after absolute proof—we have it. Will you send for it today? 104-page "Ohio" Catalog, and "Ensilage Cutter Thought Starters" booklet free.

The Silver Mfg. Co.

Salem, Ohio

"Modern Silage Methods." 224 pases, 10c coin or stamps

SILO FILLERS ST D rl d

with wind elevators for anv power from 4 to 12 H. P. will Cut o"r Shred green or dry fodder and elevate to any height. Get Free catalogue

Wilder-Strong Implement Co. Box 82 Monroe, Michigan.

SILOS

that make and keep real ensilage; that have the utmost strength, convenience, and durability; that are used by the United States Government. Send for free catalogue. HARDER MFG. COMPANY, Box « , Cobleski 11. N. Y.

BRIEF CORRESPONDENCE. Editor Southern Planter:

Enclosed please find copy of my ad. for the August Planter, together with check in payment for July. Three orders for the young bull advertised, and a large number of inquiries was the result of the July ad. It is evident that Virginia does not intend to allow any of these "special bargains" to get away from her, but North Carolina is making a strong bid for them. I am sorry to disappoint those whose orders came too late, but it is "first come, first served'' and favors alike to all. You may tell your readers that they need not hesitate to order by wire, as I shall ship nothing into the South that is not straight and right, and will guarantee satisfaction or money and trans portation charges refunded.

Thanking you for continued courte sies, I am, Yours very truly,

July 20, 1909. J. B. LOOMIS.

Editor Southern Planter:

Mr. M. K. K-'llits, formerly General Manager of the Toledo Rex Spray Co.. of Toledo, Ohio, has been appointed Field Superintendent for the Insecti cide Sales Department of the Sherwin-Williams Company, and Mr. Addison Hyde, who was formerly Factory Superintendent of the Toledo Rex Spray Co., has been engaged as Special Representative.

The creation of these positions is the result of the very rapid growth of the Insecticide business of the Sherwin-Williams Company. Mr. Killit's many years of experience in this line of business and his close associatior with the leading horticulturists' throughout the various parts of the country, make him eminently well fit ted to carry on and develop this Department.

As a pioneer in the exploitation of Lime and Sulphur Solution in the fruitgrowing sections east of the Missis sippi River, Mr. Killitts attained a fund of knowledge on insecticides and fungicides and in his new connection will be in a position to give better attention than ever before to the re quirements of the horticulturists and orchardists throughout the country.

The Sherwin-Williams Co. have added a splend'd Lime and Sulphur Solution to their list of insecticides and fungicides, thus making their line of spraying compounds one of the most complete on the market.

Mr. Addison Hvde. who is to be the special insecticide representative, has had years of experience in the vari ous Agricultural and Horticultural Ex periment Stations in a number of States, and is an expert in the manufacture of clear Lime and Sulphur Solution, having had charge of the factory end of the business for the To l.»do Rex Snrav Companv. In addition to his field work, Mr. Hyde wil 1 also give close attent'on to the manufacture of Lime and Sulphur Solution

WHAT DO YOU SAY?

Several hundred thousand farmers say thai

the best investment they ever made wof

when they bought an

Electric Ha S&

Wagon

£.owwheeIs,widetlr«s;easywork, light draft We'll sell you a set, of the best steel whee s madeforyour old wagon. Spoke united it',' I tub, guaranteed not to break nor work loos', d for our catalogue and save money.

Gem

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO

Box 146 .Qu'nti ;

HiSs&ve You $50

On a Manure Spreader n if Yaei'Sl Let Me -%

This is just a little ad—but a postal will bnn^ my Big Book—and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special Proposition. You can save as much answering this little advertisement as if it coveied a page.

My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer

than any Spreader made—no mat' ter what the price—so why pay S50 more? 20,000 fame s ha stamped their O. K. on\f my spreader and money, sivfng price. MySpecial Proposition wiil interest you. Just a postal addressed to Galloway of "Waterloo, Iowa, will bring you everything postpaid.

Will You Pay a Penny For

The Postal and Save 350.00?

Address Wm. Galloway, Pros.

WM. CALLOWAY CO.

219 Calloway Sta. Waterloo

Freight

Aconstant supply for as many purposes on your place as you desire, No trouble, no expense when you have installed a

RIFE HYDRAULIC RAM

Pumps water from spring, stream or

pond automatically. Inexpensive,

simple, reliable. Satisfaction

Guaranteed. Raises water 30

feet for every foot of fall.

7.000 in use.

Write For Fre« Plans and book of valuable sestions.

RIFE ENGINE CO.

21I2TrlnltyBldg, New York

©

SAW MILLS!

Whether you want a little mill for custom sawing or one that 'will cut 50,000 ft. of lumber a day, we have it for you in the Knight Mills of modern build and construction. We make eight sizes of mills {portable and stationary) and a line of saw-mill appliances and machinery that is abreast of the times. It will pay you to know about Knight Head Bit cks, Set Works, Swing Saws, Single Saw and Gang Edgers, Self Feed Rip Saws, etc. Write for free Catalog to tell you of the up-to-date thinns in our line, Send for it today.

KNIGHT MFC. CO.

WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID $3.75

for 4 Buggy Wheel*. Sleet Tires With Rubber Tires. IIS.M. I mfg. wheels X to 4 in. tread. Buggy Tops I5.&0, Shafts S2-0t). To* Barrlas Ui: ltaraas.15. Leara bow to bar dt/cct. CatalofM Free. Repair Wheels. 15.60. Wagoo Umbrella ran. vv V BOOB, CiadeaaU, 0.

784:

THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER.

[August,

See That Generator?

Good

Be able to tell your blue dress from black. See while you are trying, without straining the eyes. No smoke, n» glebes to break or lamps to clean, or fall or explode; no danger of killing you while you sleep. Less work per month than one lamp. Costs less than Kerosene, and always ready at all tims3. "We will send you one ready to put up. Write us to-day. IDEAL EPWORTH ACETYLENE CO., 620 Elder St., JOHNSTOWN, PA.

BARGAINS IN

2nd Hand Machinery.

For Sale by

The Watt Plow Co.,

Richmond, Va.

One 8 H. P. Peerless Gelser Engine nnd Boiler, on steel wheels, used two months, and as good as new.

One 8 H. P. Friok Eclipse Boiler and Engine, on wheels, in first-class order; jnst overhauled.

One 12 H. P. Ames Engine and Boiler, on wheels, just overhauled In our shop, and in first-class shape.

One 25 H. P. detached Erie Engine, without boiler.

One 20 H. P. Peerless (Gelser) Engine and Boiler, on steel wheels, used eighteen months, and tn first-class condition in every way.

One American Combined Lath-Mill nnd Bolter, with two inserted Tooth-Lath Saws and one inserted Tooth Bolting Saw.

One 20-inch Sweepstakes Planer, Matcher and Molder complete, with countershaft and pulleys. One 12 H. P. Second-hand Lightning Balance Gasoline Engines, mounted, manufactured by the Kansas City Hay Press Co.

THE WATT PLOW CO.,

7426 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

The * MONARCH"

STEEL STUMP PULLER.

The best and simplest on earth. No cost to you, except freight, until It la cet up and giving satisfaction. Nina years experience in this business. Write for catalogue and prices.

JOS. W. RITCHIE, Agent, Rente 1, Grottoes, Va.

at the various Sherwin-Williams factories. Yours truly,

THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO.

July 21, 1S>09.-

Henry L. Wardwell, owner of Pine-hurst Shropshires, writes us from Springfield Center, New York, as follows:

"I notice you are always hungry for Shropshire news, and therefore am writing you in regard to my English importations, and of the first prize ram at the Royal, which I bought. This ram won first in a pen of three at Shrewsbury, first for the Pettifers Cup in pen of three ,and was the A sheep in pen of five that won first at the Royal. He is a ram of rare quality, and I paid for him 175 guineas, which is equal to nearly $900 of our money. We expect this ram to arrive at the farm about Aug. 5th, and, nothing happening to prevent, wi show him first at the Columbus Fair, the Ohio State Fair, beginning the 30th of August.

"I also have in quarantine twenty-nine yearling Minton ewes, the pick of fifty-seven that were imported to this country; these ewes cost me $63 each. I also bought at $275 one Bib-by yearling ewe. She was the first of his pen of three that won second at Bath and West of England show; second at Shrewsbury and West Midland, and second at the Royal, and was said to be the best ewe shown in England this year. She has a won derful back and is very much like her sister that won first at five State Fairs last year.

"I also bought a ram lamb of Tanner that was first in a pen of three at the Hereford and Worcester; first at Shrewsbury and West Midland, and third at the Royal, where he would undoubtedly have gone higher only that one of the pen was very plain in the head and dragged them to a lower position. This is probably the best ram lamb brought over from England this year. Also bought a ewe lamb from Mr. Nick that was first at Bath in West; second at Shrewsbury, and third at the Royal, and a beautiful Minton ewe lamb.

We are having a very good demand for our sheep and are offering them at very reasonable prices, considering their breeding.

"Your readers will see from the above purchases that when Pinehurst Farm imports it gets nothing but the best. The great care we are taking in breeding is showing results, and after comparing the lambs I saw in England with these we are fitting at home I think I can say that our ram lambs and ewe lambs this year are fully as good as anything I saw in England.

"We have gotten out a very beautiful ram list this year, giving breeding, description and price on each ram listed, and as we have marked these rams down thirty per cent, from the prices of last year, believe this is an exceptional chance for any one who

CHEAPER FARM

For the price of a good horse you can bay an ideal farm engine that will operate Feed Grinder,

Cutter, Saw, Pump, Churn, Separator, Wash-

_ ing Machine and other machines to which belt

can be attached. It eats no corn, does not get

sick or die, can be moved whenever you wish,

is always ready and eager to work.

A Star Gasoline Engine will cut outdrudgery, save the tired back, and make life a pleasure. Made with standard tank, pump cooled, or hopper cooled. Send for prices and illustrations and learn

why the vStar" is a money-maker and time saver.

The Star Manufacturing Co., Box 516, New Lexington, Ohio

The STAR

A Heavy,

Standard

High-

Orade

Gasoline

Engine

^

HARNESS nPaV

Tau can buy custom-made, oak-tanned harness direct from our factory, at wholesale prices. Save the dealers' profits. All our harness guaranteed. Money back if not satisfactory. Write for Illustrated Catalogue O. and price list. Every farmer should have this booklet.

THE KING HARNESS COMPANY, 16 Lake St. Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

BOILERS AND ENGINES.

16-horse Traction, $300; 12-horse, $250; 10-herse, $200; boilers and engines from 2 to 100 horse, all styles and sizes, new and second hand; 4-horse gasoline engine, $75; 8-horse $150; 12-horse, $200: Saw-Mill, $135; boilers, tanks and smoke-stacks.

CASEY BOILER WORKS,

Springfield, Ohio.

PILLING

CATTLE INSTRUMENTS

are "Easy to Use,' no veterinary experience necessary. A few dollars invested in our goods will save ' hundreds of dollars. Pilling Milk Fever LtOutfit for Air treatment recommended by lu. S. Agricultural Dept.. price $3-00. Silver Milk i Tubes 500: Teat Slitter $1.50; Garget Outfit $4.00:

! Capon Tools, Horse and Cattle Syringes, all sent prepaid with full directions. Write for free Booklet. IK (>. P. P IM.Ixn A SON CO., Arch «t.. Pbilndelphla. f u.

"Il l I II H I HH IIIIII HI II IWI I W W IIB1 IH I

Monarch

Hydraulic

Cider Press

Great strength and capacity; all sizes; also gasoline engines, steam engines, sawmills, threshers. Catalog free. Monarch Machinery Co., 510 Cortland! Bldg.. New York

Please mention the Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

785

Simplest Cream Separator

This picture shows the extreme simplicity, lightness and durability of the sanitary Sharpies Dairy Tubular Cream Separator bowl. Easily washed thoroughly In three minutes. In the right hand is the bowl—as smooth inside as out. On the little linger is the dividing wall, the only piece used inside the Dairy Tubular bowl. The other piece Is the bowl bottom. Tubular Cream Separator sales exceed most, if not all, others combined. World's biggest separator factory. Branch factories in Canada and Germany. Write for Catalog No. 290.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

West Chester, Pa. Chicago, 111.

Toronto, Can. San Francisco, Cal. Winnipeg, Can. Portland, Ore.

A Modern Dumping Outfit

Just the Thins (or Rood Building;

Have your teamsters use this box, It will save time, no man needed to help unload, more trips per day, fits any gear, dumps load instantly, only costs one-third as much as dump wagons. In successful use throughout the United States. Investigate, by getting full information of

EVERETT MANUFACTURING CO., 32 Lake Street, Newark, New York.

ALWAYS IN ORDER

MANLOVE

Automatic Gate

Saves time, adds to value, safety, beauty and pleasure of home. MANLOVE GATE CO., 272 E. Huron St. CHICAGO, ILLS.

rififAVAunr

>»A»*»A»*»i»*

nZNCEVM^

strong chicken-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale Prices. We P»j Freight. Catalogue free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., Box 63 Winchester, Indiana.

wants a good ram to head their flock. "On account of adding these twenty-nine ewes to our flock this year we do not follow our usual custom of adding twenty-five of our own best ewes to the breeding flock, and are therefore offering our entire lot of yearlings, about seventy, for sale. This is a good chance for some one to get the best of blood if they wish foundation stock."

(Continued from page 773.) Property of the Ellerslie Stud.

Chestnut colt by Fatherless— Network; J. P. Bartlett $ 525

Bay colt by Fatherless—Sanci; William Garth 1,250

Bay filly by Fatherless—Aurine; D. Dunlop

Chestnut filly by Fatherless— Mermaid; G. McEnery

Chestnut colt by Fatherless— Chiming Bells; Wm. Garth..

Chestnut Colt by Fatherless— Niola; R. F. Carman

Chestnut colt by Fatherless— Watita; W. F. Presgrave....

Chestnut colt by Fatherless— Belle Fleur; C. Wolfe

Bay colt by Fatherless—Ellerslie ; R. F. Carman

Bay colt by Fatherless—Eolide; R. F. Carman

Chestnut filly by Fatherless—

Eocene; William Garth

Property of Blue Ridge Stud.

Black colt by Hawkswick—Lady Disdain; J. R. Keene $1,200

Bay filly by Golden Maxim— Bellamia; K. Patterson

Bay colt by Prince of Melbourne—Lady Appleby; J. Bauer

Chestnut filly by Prince of Melbourne—Marcianesi; I. J. Smith 100

Bay colt by Hawswick—Komur-asaki; G. M. Odom

Chestnut filly by Golden Maxim —Grey Agnes; K. Patterson..

Chestnut filly by Hawkswick— Daisy; W. C. Wolfe

Chestnut colt by Hawkswick— Housewife; V. Barker

Bay filly by Prince of Melbourne—Lacona; Ivan Fox..

Bay colt by Hawkswick—Mica; 'G. M. Odom 150

Bay filly by Prince of Melbourne—Ailsa; I. J. Smith...

Brown colt by Hawkswick— Belle of Oakley; G. M. Odom

Chestnut filly by' Golden Maxim —Eden; I. J. Smith 100

Brown coU by Hawkswick— Ridicule; R. F. Carman

Bay filly by Hawkswick—Maid of Promise; G. Kraus

Brown filly by Prince of Melbourne—Virgillis; Ivan Fox..

Chestnut colt by Prince of Melbourne—The Lady Rebecca ; W. Lakeland

Chestnut filly by Prince of Melbourne—Lily Gray; R. F. Little

500

200 525

400

650

200

300

100

100

100

150

300

400

150

750

125

100

650

200

125

125

425

125

3MIP ne YOUR

OLD METALS

HIDE3 RUBBER

SCRAP IRON

Car Lots a Specialty

50,000

Hides Wanted

WriU for Prices.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.

No Commissions.

Checks Sent Same Day Freight Bills Abb Masked Paid.

Clarence Cosby,

Established 1890.

RICHHOND, VA.

Largest Dbaleb in

Scrap Iron, Metals, Hides Etc., in the South. .

REFERENCES:

National Bank of Virgins Bank of Richmond,

Bradstreeto and Dun

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

DEDERIiK'SKI

For hay and everything' that can be baled —strong, serviceable, durable Presses, made from the best of materials, by workmen who are experts at press building.

Backed by more than fifty years of systematic development and Improvement. The Dederick was the first practical Baling Tress -it is the best to-day

P. K. Deoerick's Sons

55 Tivoli St.,

Albany,

N. T.

5ood for a lifetime of hard work. Our Catalogue will interest you — it's free.

"Cyclone" ~*9^Bf three stroke self feed hay press is latest, most powerful and most efficient. Each circle of team, presses three charges. Self feed automatically puts hay down. Wonderfully Increased capacity. Wri te now for "Baler Book" and special low prices. Best press, cost least. , Five days free trial. GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, III. Established 1867,

The

E°lg" King of til Balers

Horse and Steam Power

A train of followers, but no equals. Proves its superiority wherever it goes. Makes tight shapely bales, not loose bundles,works fast, avoids accidents and endures. Little draft, tremendous power. The machine that makes competitors tremble. EH catalogue free. Collins Plow Co., 1185 Hampshire St.; Quincy, III

$100 that the 20th CENTURY FARM GATE

is the most

I simple and pr&ctlca farm crate "V«r produc ad. Bo you want to make money? H. M. MYERS, IiOdl, Ohio.

Sole owner Pats. D. S. and Canada.

^eamAdhmtin£

Ad-writers earn $25.00 to $100.00 per week /

1 Send $2.00 (or 12 inonuV subscription to Southern A.... IRjXVtt AdveriuMuj Journal which teaches complete course /i'v'J ^SV&\'°«<l.writina. Prepares you lor highest salaried hi, %

BB-' : vi ; \ P ° i!li< " U °"' r " V, °" k l " Vy S 40 -"". Stamps/^y|| Kk^V'JA «ccepled. This oiler good for short tine only, //r^.** V^>A Send to-day, iiV-'—v-A

v M SOUTHERN ADVERTIRING

JOURNAL, FVpt. Richmond, Virginia. Jfe^

PLANET JR. GARDEN IMPLEMENTS.

saves half the work of gardening. 56-page catalogue free.

S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1107x, Philadelphia, Pa.

Always mention The Southern Planter when writing advertisers.

HELPS TO HOME COMPORT.

There are many houses whose weatherside rooms are cold in winter regardless of how hard the furnace is driven. There may be sudden changes in the weather, or cold halls that cannot be heated effectively with the regular heating apparatus. A portable heater such as the Perfection Oil Heater will overcome these conditions perfectly.

The 'Perfection" is an oil heater, handsomely finished in japan and nickel, and is equipped with a patent burner and smokeless device which prevents the flame being turned too high or low, and the heater from smoking.

With the "Perfection" at hand you can in a few minutes warm any room or hall in the house that happens to be cold. It will supply sufficient heat when it is too warm to run the regular furnace and too cold to do without heat entirely, and will prove a great factor in improving the comfort and, furthermore, saving trouble and expense in any household.

At night there is nothing that will add more to the real comfort and coz iness of a home than the Rayo Lamp. It gives a clear, steady light, perfect for reading or sewing, or any purpose and suitable for any room. It has latest improved burners and is an unusually safe, clean lamp for house hold use. Being made entirely of metal except the shade, the danger of carrying a glass lamp about is eliminated by its use.

Perfection Heaters and Rayo Lamps are sold by all dealers.

BERKSHIRE SALE AT OVERTON HALL FARM.

Overton Hall Farm, Nashville, Tennessee, announces a public sale of high-class Berkshires on September 2d, at the farm. The sale will include forty selected brood sows and bred gilts and ten open gilts and young boars. The sows include daughters of the famous boars Premier Longfellow, grand champion of the World's Fair; Baron Duke, 50th, the greatest son of Lord Premier; O. H. F. Sensation, the unbeaten champion boar of 1906; Oak Lawn Francis, the one-thousand-dollar boar sold to Kimball-ville Farm, Atlanta, Georgia, and other famous sires. They are bred to champion O. H. F. Sensation and his worthy colleagues. Each sow that is sold is' guaranteed to be safe in pig to the service boar mentioned in each instance and they will be kept at the risk and expense of the Farm until they are showing safe. The health of the herd is perfect and there is no risk for the breeders to run who purchase at this sale. All lovers of Berkshires and fanciers of fine stock are cordially invited to visit the Farm on the day previous or the day of the sale to inspect the Berkshires and Jerseys.

AGRICULTURAL

LIME.

PLAIN ROCK

OR

SHELL LIME

BAGS OB BULK

SPECIAL FINE HYDRATED LIME

FOB DRILLING.

If in the market for any grade and any quantity of

LAID LIME

Write for our price list and particular e.

T. C. ANDREWS & CO., Inc.

NORFOLK, .... VA.

NA TURAL Fine-Ground ===== Phosphate

The Reliable Land Builder

Do you not wish, at only a cost of $1.25 per acre, to increase the yields of your next year's crops 25 to 75 per cent? If so, apply Natural Fine Ground Phosphate when breaking your stubble, clover or grass sods. Our booklet, sent free, tells how much to apply, and gives compendium of results obtained from it by leading Agricultural Experiment Stations. Agents wanted. Address,

Farmers' Ground Rock Phosphate Co.. Mt. Pleasant, Tenn.

BULLETIN 26.

Sent Free, "How to Keep Away

Chicken Lice and Mites,"

BY ONLY ONE APPLICATION A YEAR

Successfully Used Upward of 30 Tears

Carbolineum Wood-Preserving Co., 846 West Broadway, New York, N. Y.

f||| A ■ kills Prairie Dogs, Wood-b 11 nil If chucks, Gophers and a I I IVI H Grain Insects."The wheels I Willn of the Gods grind ilow, but exceedingly small." So the weevil, but you can atop their grind with

FU31A CARBON BI-SULPHIDE

as others are doing. It fumigates poultry houses and kills hen lice. Edward R Taylor, Penn Yan, N. Y.

KILL, SAN JOSE SCALE! WITH

GOOD'S Sshw^l°J,l SOHPNO.3

James Good, 959 N. Front Street, Philadelphia.

A Neat Binder for your back numbers can be had for 30 cents. Address our Business Department.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

787

EUREKA Ha rness Oil

Ever compare the pulling power of a trace, dry, checked, brittle, with that of a trace, soft, pliable and full of "snap" ? EUREKA HARNESS OIL will keep a whole harness soft, black, and in best possible condition for years. All that's necessary is an occasional application of the oil.

Ask your dealer for "Eureka" Oil.

STANDARD OIL COMPANY

(incorporated)

Care of the Skin

A clear healthy skin is a possession highly valued, and easily acquired. The one important thin;; is to keep the pores of the skin In a healthy condition. This can be done by the free use of Heiskkll's Medicinal Toilet >SOAi',a combination containing gums and herbs of well known medicinal value. It is absolutely pure, soothing, healing and cleansing in effect, does not over-stimulate the skin, but keeps its normal excretory powers in healthy condition, thus preventing or removing nil blemishes such as pimples, blackheads, etc ,and in their stead impai ting a delicate, velvety texture to the skin. This soap in connection with Heiskell's Ointment has remedied some of the worst cases of skin disease. At druggists. Soap, 25 Cents. Ointment, 60 Cents.

Send postal for copy of a unique booklet of general interest. Johnston, Holloway & Co., 405 Commence Street, Philadelphia.

A Great Discovery. DROPSY

CURED with vegetable remedies; removes all symptom of dropsy in 8 to 20 days; 30 to 60 days effects permanent cure. Trial treat-'ment furnished free to every sufferer; nothing fairer. For circulars, testimonials and free trial treatment write DR. H. H. GREEN'S SONS, Atlanta, Ga.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Having completed the greater portion of the work on hand at the time of the withdrawal of my last notice, I wish to announce that I am again ready to take up my advisory work along agricultural lines, either by correspondence or personal visits, and I invite all those experienced farmers who are unprofitably employed, and the inexperienced, who are in doubt as to the best mode of procedure, to write for terms. My charg-es, even including traveling expenses, are in the reach of every man who desires to profitably cultivate 100 acres of land. Crop rotation, balanced rations and fertilizer formulae are my specialties.

PERCIVAL HICKS, North, MniheivM County, Va.

DON'T KILL YOUR LUMPY JAW COWS—CURE THEM.

Farmers should not get so busy-in the hay or corn field that they neglect their live stock. Lump jaw is one of the things to look out for. A little well-directed attention in time will avoid all loss.

Lump jaw can positively be cured if you go at it before the bone becomes too seriously affected, and the treatment is very simple.

The Rapid Lump Jaw Cure, a remedy gotten up by an Iowa druggist, will dispose of it effectively inside of hree weeks. The remedy is sold un-3r a strict guarantee to do this. You :an have your money back if it fails.

The caution to be observed here is in treating all other animal ailments is, don't wait too long. The chances of recovery of chronic, longstanding cases are always more doubtful than if you treat promptly.

If you have a lumpy jaw animal, write at once to the H. C. Adams Mfg. Co., compounder of the Rapid Lump Jaw Cure, Algona, Iowa, and follow directions.

THE HORSE'S COUGH.

The cold evenings in early summer are often the occasion of starting horses of all ages to coughing. Prevention of a cold by the use of a tonic regularly of Craft's Distemper and Cough Cure is found to be the safer policy. Where prevention is neglected this is a guaranteed safe cure, which is easily given in the food or by pouring on the tongue. It may be obtained at druggists or, if need be, one may order it direct from the makers, Wells Medicine Co., Third St., Lafayette, Indiana.

A GREAT POWER HAY PRESS.

One of the fastest and best of all hay presses is the "Eli" Belt Power Press advertised in this paper by the Collins Plow Company, of Quincy, 111. To be one of the "Eli" family is alone a guarantee of superiority. Eli presses are famed far and wide. There are nearly forty different styles and sizes and all of them good. Contract balers and those who nave large amounts of their own hay to bale every year will be spec : ally interested in the power press.

The whole line of "Eli" presses are well illustrated and described in the new catalogue the Collins Plow Company has just gotten out. If you are interested in hay presses you ought to send for a copy. You are safe when you buy an Eli. The catalogue is free, but kindly mention this paper when you write for it.

Prince Edward Co., Va., May 4, '09. I would not be without the Southern Planter if it cost $5.00 per year. Every farmer in Virginia should take it. W. E. MOORE.

FARMERS

insure Your Buildings, Live Stock,

Produce, Etc., In Virginia Division,

FARMERS' MUTUAL BENEFIT

ASSOCIATION.

Best security. Property Insured 1599,000. Average cost per $1,000 per year, $5.00. Territory limited to counties of Che-aterfleld, Amelia, Powhatan, Nottoway, Dinwiddle, Prince George, Surry, Charles City, New Kent and James City. For plan and membership write to

CHARLES N. FRIEND, General Ageat, CHESTER, VA.

Organized January 9, 1899.

FIRST NATIONAL BANK

Richmond, Va.

A Strang, conservative, well-managed institution. A safe depository for all classes of customers.

Capital

Surplus. Deposits,

$1,000,000.00

8oo.oeo.oo

0,000,000.00

JOHN B. PURCELL, President.

JNO. 31. MILLER, Jr., Vlce-Pres.

and Cashier.

A Savings Department for the Thrifty.

"PRACTICAL FARMING"

Prof. W. F. Massey's latest and best book is now on sale. It retails for $1.50, and is worth it. We shall be very pleased to send you a copy at above price and will include a year's subscription to The Southern Planter. Remember, we deliver the book and give you a whole year's subgscription for the price of the boek, $1.50. SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond. Va.

PATENTS s oS u f r ! j

Send sketch for free report as to patentability. Guide Book and What to Invent, with valuable list of inventions wanted sent free. One million dollars offered for one invention; $16,909 for others. Patents secured by as advertised free in World's Progress. Sample' free.

EVANS * WILKINS, H48 F Street, Wasbiaartoa. D. O.

= Bills to Collect -

In all portions of the United States. No collection, no charge. Agencies wanted everywhere; 25 years' experience. PALMORE'3 COLLECTION AGENCY, 911 Main St., Richmond, Va.

Cow Pea Thresher

Not a "pea huller," but threshes peas and Soja Beans from the vines. KOGER PEA & BEAN THRESHER CO. 3Iorrlstown, Tenn.

Please mention tne o^..

'er.

rss

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[August,

1854

1909

WOMAN'S COLLEGE

RICHMOND, VA.

Located in the beautiful, historic and cultured city of the South. Large and able Faculties, trained in the best Universities and Conservatories of this country and Europe. Specialists in their departments. Eight men and eighteen women. Carefully arranged courses of study lead to the degrees B. Litt, B. S., B. A., M. A. and B. Mus. Half million dollars just secured for enlargement and endowment. Health record re-markable. Accommodations first-class. Early applications important. Terms moderate. For catalogue and other information write to

JAMES NELSON, M. A., LL. D.,

President.

LAW SCHOOL

OF^

Richmond College

Offers two-year course in the practical branches of the law leading to degree of LL. B. Location unsurpassed. Terms moderate. Next session begins September 23, 1909.

For catalogue and information address,

W. S. Mc NEIL.L,

Professor of Law, Richmond, Va.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL

HARRISONBURG, VA.

For the higher education of young ladies and the professional training of teachers. Location unsurpassed. Modern dormitory. Tuition free. Living expenses low. First year begins Sept. 28, 1909. Send for illustrated announcement to

Julian A. Burruss, President.

EDICAL COLLEGE of V irginia

Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy

Seventy-second Session begins Sept. 14,1909 Excellent laboratory and clinical facilities. I Climate salubrious. Living expenses moderate. Write for terma and catalogue I

Christopher Tompkins, M.D., Dean, Richmonl.ife

VIRGINIA FARMS

Near Washington City, convenient to t'.ie great Northern markets, suited for stock, dairy, poultry, fruit, trucking ami general farming purposes; Washington City improved, unimproved and suburban properties; timber lands. Write for catalogue.

NICOL & RANSDELL, Box S. P., Maiiiissns, Va.

A Neat Binder for your back num. bers can be bad for 30 cents. Addresi ou;- Business Department.

A NOTE FROM MR. ARBTJCKLE. Maxwelton, West Va. Editor Southern^ Planter:

For some years an advertisement of Red Poll cattle has run in the Southern Planter over the name of H. B. Arbuckle and the cattle were advertised as belonging to the Edge-wood Farm. We( J. D. Arbuckle, M D., and H. B. Arbuckle), founded this herd some years ago, and H. B. Arbuckle personally selected the cattle and has since kept them bred up to the highest dual standard.

On the removal of our interests from the Edgewood Farm, J. D. Arbuckle, M. D., has removed the bulk of the herd to Brookdale Farm, in Pocahontas county, West Virginit (see advertisement in this issue), leaving only one cow and the herd bull advertised at Edgewood Farm and one cow at the farm of H. B. Arbuckle, at Maxwelton. The herd bull, Krag, for sale, is without a superior in the East. H. B. Arbuckle's cow, Flora MacoDnald, is not for sale. This cow tested 4.4 per cent, this summer and at thirty days was giving forty pounds per day—a sample of our dual-purpose type

The herd at Brookdale Farm is now headed by the second prize bull of the International and the herd will be kept up to a high standard. jwery cow must test 4 per cent, and give 4,000 pounds. We solicit the continuance of your favor, good will, and patronage. Respectfully,

J. D. ARBUCKLE, M. D. H. B. ARBUCKLE.

July 17, 1909.

ABSORBINE.

In another section of this issue you will find the advertisement of Absorb-ine. Have you ever tried this remedy? As this is just the time of the year wnen you should pay particular attention to the condition of your horses, you will doubtless be glad to purchase a bottle of Absorbine, if you do not have some of it on hand. It is a pleasant remedy to use, does not blister or remove the hair, and horse can be used during treatment. An excellent preparation for use on swollen glands, thoroughpin, bog spavin^ wind puffs, strained joints, capped hock, shoe boils, and many other painful enlargements.

Send for free booklet and information concerning your particular case.

W. F. Young, P. D. F., 109 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.

POLAND-CHINAS. H. L. Hayes, Bealeton, Virginia, writes us that his Poland-Chinas are in fine shape and show their breeding. The Perfection strain predominates in his herd. Parties who want good, breeding hogs of this breed are requested t write Mr. Hayes for prices.

Louisa Co., Va., May 4, '09. I do not want to miss a single copy of the Southern Planter.

D. S. HANKLA.

RARE BARGAINS

IN

Northern Virginia Farms

A Few Specimens:

No. 172. Contains 316 acres—40 acre* In oak and hickory timber; 5 milai from station, -situated near the village; considered one of the best wheat and grain farms in Fairfax county. The land is a little rolling; machinery can be run all over It. The land is all in good state of cultivation; well fenced' and watered by springs and running streams. Improvements are a good 7-room house with elegant shade, good stable and all out-houses in. good repair. Price $20 per acre.

No. 194. Contains 175 acres, 26 acrea In good timber, balance is cleared, 9 acres in orchard in full bearing, go*d six-room house, old barn, good granary, hen houses, dwelling In a grand oak 'shaded lawn, spring at bouse, farm watered by streams and springs, situated on good pike. One hour'i drive from Leesburg, Va. Owner i» anxious to sell. Price $3,500.

No. 20S—600 acres Loudoun Blue Grass land, 8-room brick house, in good repair, farm well fenced, elegantly watered, excellent bank barn, good orchard, fine timber. Price $26.00 per acre.

No. 201—406 acres, Loudoun Blue Grass farm 8-room brick and frame dwelling, elegant repairs, excellent barn 40x100, water in every field, well fenced, good orchard. Price $10,500.

No. 202—475 acres, Blue Grass land, small 5-room house, land is good, well fenced, excellent water, good small orchard, excellent situation, but buildings are only fair condition. Price, $9,000.

No. 209.—206 acres, beautiful little Loudoun "County farm, 6-room dwelling, beautiful shaded lawn, water In all fields,. good fences, land is smooth and level, good barn and outbuildings. Price $6,500.

No. 210.—273 acres, Loudoun blue grass land, well located in grazing section, excellent orchard, well watered, 6-room house and outbuildings in fair condition. Price $13.50 per acre.

Write for complete description of these properties and Catalogue of other places.

Wm, Eads Miller,

HERND0N, VA.

[909.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

789

A CORD OF WOOD IS A VARIABLE

QUANTITY.

When is a Cord Not a Cord?

To the farmer harvesting his small woodlot, and to the man laying in logs for the large fireplace of his country or seaside home; to the paper manufacturer buying pulpwood, and to the proprietor of the ordinary city wood yard, to all of these men this question has an important dollar and cents meaning.

Queer to say, and contrary to the belief of most people, there are many times when a cord is less than a cord, and many conditions when it is more. School arithmetics say that a cord of wood is 128 cubic feet, or the contents of a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet wide. Wood is marketed on this basis. A pile whose length, breadth and height multiplied together gives this number of cubic feet fills this requirement, no matter whether the sticks are long or short, straight or crooked, round or split, unless there is an understanding to the contrary. Nevertheless, a cord, though it comes up to legal measurements, is an uncertain quantity, even when the seller is honest and the buyer satisfied.

A lumberman may have a tract of pulpwood which he sells to a paper mill at $5 a cord, for as many cords as it will make. It is m the contract that he shall cut and stack it. He cuts it in twelve-foot lengths, and when the job is complete, it measures two hundred cords, and he receives $1,000 for it. Would he have made or lost by cutting four-foot lengths instead of twelve?

He would have lost in the first place from the additional labor required to cut four-foot wood, but his principal loss would have resulted from a greatly diminished number of cubic feet, due to the fact that short sticks lie closer together than large.

Measurements and experimental tests have been made to ascertain exactly how much actual wood is in cords of different lengths, sizes, shapes, and species.

Had the two hundred cords of twelve-foot wood been cut in four-foot lengths, there would have been only 176 cords, and the owner would have received for it $880 instead of $1,000. It was, therefore, clearly to his advantage to cut twelve-foot lengths, but it would have been to the buyer's advantage to have it cut in four-foot lengths. He would have received the same actual quantity of wood for $120 less.

It also makes considerable difference to the seller whether wood is chopped or sawed. If chopped, the chips are lost. Where the logs are large this loss amounts to no small total. In a cord of four-foot wood, with sticks six inches in diameter, the chip loss is from six to eight per cent.; and, of course, the shorter the sticks are cut the greater the loss

The Oldest Established Agency In Northern Virginia

Farms-Near-Washington

30. 135-acre dairy farm on railroad, close to station, In Loudoun county; has been a dairy farm for twenty years. The owner, on account of old age, offers to sell everything, including ten good cows, five horses, all farm implements and crops for about $8,50 0. There are stanchions for twenty cows in new barn, recently built, according to health regulations. The land is under a high state of cultivation, fine fruit, lasting stream running through place, 7-room house and all necessary outbuildings. The farm and crops, if sold at once, $7,000. Bargain.

3b. 82 acres 1% miles from Southern Railway, in Loudoun county. Eight acres In timber, good clay soil, springs and streams, good house of 8 rooms, with fruit and shade trees, good barn and necessary outbuildings. A good farm and a bargain. We think $6,000 will buy it. On easy terms.

41. 264 acres, four miles from station, in Loudoun county. Thirty acres in timber, artesian well, three never-failing springs; 7-room house, barn and outbuildings fair. A fine stock farm, paying 12 per cent, on investment, in high state of cultivation. Price, $6,500; $2,500 down, balance to suit.

42. 323 acres, in the best section of Loudoun county, surrounded by high priced and beautiful farms, 7 miles from railroad, one mile from fine pike, one mile from post-office and 2 miles from school; 60 acres in timber, well fenced, and divided into nine fields, with water in every field—large stream through place. Two good houses, one of 7 rooms and the other of 5 rooms; fine tenant house of 4 rooms, 2 new barns, one 35x45, the other 30x40; all necessary outbuildings in good condition. This is a fine blue grass stock farm, and the biggest bargain we have. Price, $6,500; $2,000 down, balance to suit.

• ft' 277 acres in good state of cultivation, just rolling enough; in a good neighborhood, 5 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county. 70 acres in timber, mostly oak; part of It first class; faces on two roads; has been operated as a cattle, sheep and hog farm for 25 years. On account of old age the owner is offering his farm for much less than its true value; is well fenced, two houses in first-class condition, one 10-room house, the other six rooms Large barn and all necessary outbuildings. Price, $8,000. One-third down, balance to suit. This is one of the biggest bargains i have '

, . 50, , 171 % acres, 3% miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, in high state of cultivation. Good house, large new barn; half mile from village. This rarm Is being operated as a stock farm. The owner wishes to sell and buy a smaller place It Is well located and surroundedThy highly improved farms and the best of neighbors. Price $53 per acre, on easy te?ms Bargain

47. 335 acres, a very desirable farm, in good section of upper Loudoun, 7 miles from station; 200 acres in grass, 35 acres timber, soil clay loam especially adapted to grass; finely watered by springs and running streams-well fenced by wire and rail into convenient fields; choice fruit of all kinds' 14-room dwelling of brick and frame, front of well-shaded lawn- large basement barn and all necessary farm buildings. This will make a first-class grazing farm. Price $25 per acre. On easy terms.

77. 300 acres, 3 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, In a high state of cultivation, well fenced, plenty of fruit, running streams and springs- on pike, fine, large Colonial house, lawn and shade, large new barn with basement, necessary outbuildings. This is considered one of the best stock farms in the county, and a bargain. Price, $63 per acre; $61 has been offered for this place worth $100, on easy terms. The biggest bargain In Loudoun county.

61. 212% acres in Fairfax county, 1% miles from rail, 7 miles from electric line; 2 miles from thriving town on two public roads, 30 acres in timber, 2 miles of woven wire fencing, rest stone and rail; 7 fields with spring in each, 10 acres In fine orchard. Good stone and brick house of 10 rooms with bath; hot and cold water in kitchen, two porches, well located In grove of trees; good barn with basement for forty cows and seven horses, all necessary outbuildings. This farm is surrounded by good neighbors in a nice section. Price $11,000. Make us an offer.

88. 841 acres 5 miles from Herndon, over good roads; one mile from pike; 200 acres in timber, part of It extra good; land rolling and well drained; convenient to schools, churches, stores, etc. Three sets of buildings, two houses, barn, etc. In good condition. This place is especially adapted to stock raising, and Is cheap at $23 per acre. $6,500 down, balance to suit.

The biggest bargain in Fairfax County.

SEND FOR NEW SPRING LIST.

A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, HERNDON, VIRGINIA.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

I CRITTENDEN'S

VIRGINIA

Real Estate

and Loans Office a

Unimproved land at $10. Improved lands at $25 per acre and upwards. Loudoun Is not the Best County In the State; but it is better than the REST in many respects.

If you wish to locate a home, or buy any other property, advise me as to your wants and I will send you SPECIAL DESCRIPTIONS that will please you. All Propositions Guaranteed as Represented.

DeL S.CRITTENDEN,

Ashburn, Loudoun County, Ya.

MARYLAND

AND

VIRGINIA

FARMS NEAR WASHINGTON.

Unsurpassed as money-makers; beat place on earth for farmers, dairymen, stockmen or poultry men; mild climate, best markets in country; highest prices; no such word as "Pail" fer industrious man. Big bargains here now. S.600 places to select from. Catalogue free. I'HB SOtTLE CO., Washington, D. C.

Largest Farm Dealers In the South.

Old Virginia Farms.

Climate and Productiveness unexcelled. Largest sale list In the State. Fer full particulars and Free Catalogue address

CASSELMAN A COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA.

REAL ESTATE FOR SALE. From the Mountains to the Ocean. Catalogue free. Loans made on farms-Established 1875.

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., lOtin E. Main Street,

RICHMOND, VA. Branch, Norfolk, Va.

FARMS. Mineral and Timber Lands.

Free list on application.

W. A. PARSONS & CO.,

1B27 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

Davis Hotel Bldg.

Please mention the Southern Planter.

If the wood is sawed, the sawdust loss is scarcely the half of one per cent.

The difference due to spaces between the sticks, of course, depends very much on the shape and size of the sticks. Straight, smooth sticks lie close together, and a cord contains more wood and less air. For given lengths, sticks of soft wood are usually straighter and smoother, and, when stacked, lie closer together. But whatever the kind, cords ot long sticks are pretty sure to contain more empty space than cords made of short pieces. Likewise, cords of split wood contain less than cords of round sticks. The finer the wood is split, the more it makes. Hence wood dealers are often willing to sell kindlings, all sawed and split, for the same price per cord as unsplit wood. They get back the cost of labor in the increased bulk.

A cord (128 cubic feet) of four-foot hard wood usually contains about eighty-three cubic feet of solid wood; a cord of three-foot wood averages eighty-three and one-halt cubic feet; of two-foot wood, eighty-four feet, and of one-foot wood, eighty-five feet. The conifers, softwoods, contain ninety to ninety-six cubic feet. Thus the purchaser receives on the average about two-thirds of a cord of real wood and one-third of a cord of spaces.

In some countries wood is bought by weight, and the buyer comes more nearly getting what he bargains for; but even then he may miss it if he receives green wood when he wants dry. According to timber testing engineers of the United States Forest Service, wood may lose half or more its green weight in seasoning. Cedar for lead pencils is bought by weight in this country. The pieces are so small and of such irregular size that they cannot conveniently be stacked and measured as cord wood.

The bulk of nearly all woods decreases as seasoning goes on. A hundred cords green will make from eighty-nine to ninety-three cords when dry. This is a factor of no small importance to dealers who handle large quantities.

Woodlot owners and farmers who have small forest tracts from which they expect to sell cord wood are no less interested than contractors who buy and sell large quantities. It will stand them in hand to know how much difference it makes whether wood is cut long or short, chopped or sawed, whether the sticks are round or split, whether large or small, and whether the measurements are to be made while the wood is green or after it is seasoned.

Surry Co., Va., April 28, '09. I do not like to miss a number of the Southern Planter.

R. Y. BAKER.

Farms for Sale.

916,000.—Contains 346 acres, 50 acres timber, balance In blue grass sod, excepting some small crops. Good orchard consisting of standard varieties ef apple and pear trees. Soil is cecil or chocolate clay. Watered with mountain springs and streams. Is conveniently divided into fields, and Is substantially fenced with woven wire and locust post. Situated right at railway station. Incorporated town at foot of mountains. Macadamized road divides the farm and passes directly in front of lawn and dwelling. Improvements: 9-room Colonial dwelling, one bath-room—hot and cold water in bath and pantry; front and back stairway, two halls and reception hall; cellar under entire dwelling, out-kitchen, servants' room, icehouse. Dwelling is surrounded with large and sloping lawn; delightful shade, consisting of numerous varieties of choice trees. Stone entrance. Two large barns, about 40x60 feet, in perfect condition; two tenant houses, hog house, corn house, chicken house, implement house and wood house are among the outbuildings.

MUST BE SOLD TO SETTLE AN ESTATE

$3,500.—Contains 120 acres, 25 acres in timber, balance in grass and under cultivation. Situated on Potomac River, 3% miles of railway station, in Loudoun county, Va. Is well fenced and conveniently divided into fields. Improvements: Eight-room dwelling, porches, shade, large lawn; new barn 20x26 feet; spring house, garden, small fruits.

$3,200.—Contains 90 acres, all cleared, and directly adjoins 120-acre farm above described; is without improvements; situated right on Potomac River.

Send for my Catalogue of Northern Virginia farms. I would be glad to see yon at my place by appointment..

GEORGE W. SUMMERS,

Real Estate and Loan Broker,

Sterling, Va.

FOR SALE FINE FARM 94 ACRES

Fifty acres cleared; balance in gooff-cord wood; two sets of buildings, 5-room house, stable, outhouse and chicken house, 12x60; log- house of 3 rooms and outbuildings: running streams; land in high state of cultivation; only seven miles from Richmond and one and a half miles from railroad and electric car line station, fine neighborhood: school and church in sight. Price $4,000. Address, OWNER,.

DREWRYS BLUFF, VA.

Timber For Sale

A splendid piece of standing Oak and Pine Timber for sale, half mile-from loading point on railroad, standing on about 100 acres of land; estimated about 500,000 feet of good lumber. Will be sold cheap for cash or-will have it cut on shares, taking one-third of net price for my part. Well located and easy to handle.

W. M. WATKINS, SAXE. VA.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

791

BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ETC.

"Living Along the N. & W." is the title of a very attractive quarterly magazine issued by the Industrial Department of the Norfol & Western Raiway. A copy may be had of F. H. LaBaume, Industrial Agent, Roanoke, Virginia.

"Ground Phosphate Rock." This is a brief pamphlet circulated by the Farmers' Ground Rock Phosphate Co., Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, giving information in regard to natural fine ground rock or floats.

"Harvey Bolster Springs." This is an attractive circular issued by the Harvey Spring Co., Racine, Wis., illustrating and describing its wagon bolster springs. ihis Company lias an advertisement in another column to which attention is invited.

"About Plows." A neatly illustrated booklet issued by the Wm. J. Oliver Mfg. Co., Knoxville, Tennessee, describing how its well-known plow are made. It is very interesting ana well gotten up and will be sent free of charge to all who ask for it.

TWO RELIABLE CREAM SEPARATORS.

Among illustrations of modern dairy machines are the Dairy Maid and Blue Bell Cream Separators or Harvesters so'd by the International Harvester Co of America. These are hand separators and they have the qualities which make them valuable to all classes of dairymen. First, they get all the cream. Secondly, they are easy running. Third, they are simple and therefore not likely to get out of order and are at the same ume easy to keep clean. The main difference between the two machines is the manner of applying the power to the separating bowl. The Dairy Maid uses a chain, the Blue Bell transmits the power or motion from the crank to the bowl by the gear wheel. In both cases there is the least possible loss of power by friction. Both separators are made in four different sizes, tfae smallest having the capacity of 350 pounds of milk per hour.

One or the other of these dependable machines can be had from any local agent of the International Harvester Company of America. Catalogues giving particulars can be had from these agents. If you are in need of a separatoi, these machines well deserve your careful consider tion. One undoubted advantage of buying well known machines through responsible agents is the certainty of getting something that will not prove a disappointment after you have made your purchase.

FREE ROOFING SAMPLE. Since the appearance on the market of roofing that need no paint ing, there has been a very lively curiosity on the part of many people to see the goods. Accordingly tne makers of Amatite, the best known of this

The Oldest Established Real Estate Agency in Northern Virginia

Northern Virginia Farms and Country Homes Near Washington, D. C.

A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, Herndon, Va.

JOHN F. JERMAN

HEADQUARTERS FOR

VIRGINIA PROPERTY

Main Office, Fairfax, Va.; Branch Office, Vienna and 1316 I St., N. W., Wash, D. C.

If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, poultry or blue grass farm, city or village property, It will pay you to send for 80-page catalog. It is full of bargains. It contains all kinds of business propositions. It will pay you to buy a farm near the capitol, where you have good markets, and the benefit of steam and electric R. R. service.

My catalog is free to you.

I am always ready to show property, and try to help my clients make a good investment.

My Motto Is "Honesty and Fair Dealing^)."

Farms in Northern Virqinia

DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT.

Near Washington and Baltimore, and In easy reach of Philadelphia and New Yark.

Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping facilities. Reasonable In price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write u». CLAUDES G. STEPHENSON. (Successor to Stephenson & Ralney, Herndon, Va.)

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Attention

HOMBSEEKBRS AND INVESTORS.

Send for my Map and new Catalogue • honing and describing this section of Northern Vlrgina, and a complete list of all property now en the market, consisting of Grain, Grass, Dairy, Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry, and Blue-grass Farms, Town and Business Places.

I claim and can prove that this section shown by my map, has advantages over any other part of the State. It Is not only beautiful and healthy but is productive and progressive, and very accessible to Washington and Alexandria cities, by rail and pike which gives all producers a fine home market.

I am not a broker or speculator, I bring the buyer and seller face to face, I have no speculative Interest whatever In any property. My business Is wholly on commission which Is paid by the seller.

References furnished in my Catalogue. If you can't come, write.

W. H. TAYLOR,

Herndon, Va.

— FARMS —

IN

Southside Virginia

910.00 to 930.00 per acre.

With buildings, fruit, timber, good water, best markets. Level land, productive soil.

Write for our Real Estate Herald with map and full Information.

PILE «£ COMPANY, Inc.

Petersburg, Virginia.

Rare Bargain To QUICK BUYER

A splendidly located Albemarle Fruit, Stock and Poultry Farm within an hour's drive of University of Virginia and fifteen minutes of railway station. 1,000 fruit trees from 7 to 10 years old. Can be made an ideal home or profitable commercial proposition.

Apply to owner.

MEADOW GROVE FARM, Ivy Depot, Va.

Virginia Farms

MOST SELECT LIST, and in all sections of the State.

FREE CATAL0OUE. R. B CHAFFIN & CO, Inc,

Richmond, Va.

"In the Green Fields of Virginia/'

Humea for all; bealth for all; happiness and Independence for all. All sizes of Farms nt corresponding prices but ALL, reasonable.

MACON, 4 CO.. ORANGE, VA.

Excellent Farm

For Sale; 424 acres, 12 miles from Richmond, and 4 from trolley; will sell In part or as whole; easy terms. GEO. W. HUNT. Meadow, Va.

class of roofings, have arranged to supply samples to any inquirer free of charge.

These samples show the goods complete with the mineral surface which replaces paint as a protection against the weather, and it is easy to obtain a very good idea of just what Ama-tite is like.

All you have to do in order to obtain the sample is to send a postal card request for same to the nearest office of Barrett Manufacturing Co., at New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Kansas City, or New Orleans.

SPRAY YOUR TREES With Cooper's Tree Sprays and get the best results. They are effective in the highest degree, highly concentrated and absolutely uniform in strength. Mix instantly with water. No sediment to clog nozzles. Harmless to the trees and user. Non-poisonous to animals grazing under trees. Invigorates and cleanses the trees.

SILAGE FOR BEEF CATTLE. Silage may be fed with advantage to beef cattle, in moderate quantities, up to about forty pounds a day. The health of the animals and the quality of the beef produced on moderate silage feeding leave nothing to be wished for. If the silage is made from immature corn, care must be taken not to feed too large quantities at the start, and to feed carefully, so as not to make the animals scour. Professor Henry says in regard to the value c silage for fattening steers: "As with roots, silage makes the carcass watery and soft to the touch. Some have considered this a disadvantage, but is it not a desirable condition in the fattening gteer? Corn and roughage produce a hard, dry carcass, and corn burns out the digestive tract in the shortest possible time. With silage and roots, digestion certainly must be more nearly normal, and its profitable action longer continued. The tissues of the body are juicy, and the whole system must be in Just that condition which permits rapid fattening. While believing in a large use of silage in the preliminary stages, and its continuance during most of the fattening period, I would recommend that gradually more dry feed be substituted as the period advances, in order that the flesh may became more solid. Used in this way, I believe silage will become an important aid in steer |feeding in many sections of the country. Results from Canada, Wisconsin and T xas Experiment Stations show the broad adaptation of this food for stock feeding purposes.

Young stock may be fed half as much silage as full grown ones, with the same restrictions and precautions as given for steers. Experience obtained at the Kansas Station suggests

Convenient To RICHMOND AND WASHINGTON.

Virginia FARMS

400 acres—300 cultivated and

fenced into 20-acre fields. Springs and running- water; 11-room dwelling; located in beautiful grove; valuable outbuildings, close to schools, churches, stores; 3 miles to double track trunk line R. R. $5,500.

34 acres—Dwelling, barn, orchard, li acres in cultivation, balance in wood, 3 miles to electric and steam R. R.; crop and stock to go with farm. $1,350.

75 acres—Neat dwelling. In pretty grove, orchard. Outbuildings, store, fine neighborhood, 8 miles to R. R. $1,500.

BL.ANTON A PURCELL, 1110 E. Main Street, Richmond. Va.

Splendid Farms

Large farm, nice residence and good buildings and improvements, (large new school building convenient), worth $20,000. Small farm, worth $4,000. Both within four miles of Greenville, in good neighborhoods. Team, stock, improved farm Implements and year's seed, feed, etc., with each. See them during summer while crops growing. Address P. O. Box 311, Greenville, N. C.

FARMS

For Sale.

If you want a farm to raise grass, grain, stock, fruit or tobacco, buy from us. Chocolate soil with red subsoil. Address

W. W. BARNES * CO.,

LAND AND TIMBER AGENTS,

Amelia Courthouse, Va.

INVEST YOUR MONEY IN VIRGINIA REAL ESTATE

We have a new and select list of bargains. "We can sell you any size and kind of a farm that you want. We have some special bargains near the city. Here is one: 173 acres only seven miles from city, near electric car line, 75 acres good timber, good four-room house, on turnpike, $4,750. Here Is another: 61% acres, good buildings, 30 acres good timber, % mile from Caroline, plenty of fruit, $3,000 We have Stock Farms, Grain Farms, Poultry Farms, Small Farms, Large K.'irms. Come and see us or send for new list.

SCHROEDER & HUSSELMAN, 1301 E. Main St., Richmond, Va.

41 ACRE FARM

For sale; 3 miles southwest of Crozet, Va.; 500 fruit trees, dwelling, barn and other outbuildings; location ideal for physician, sanatorium or summer resort. For particulars, apply to F. C. LOUHOFF, Yancey Mills, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

793

Moon Blindness cured

"VISIO"

Wonderful Discovery

DISEASES of the EYE successfully treated with this NEW REMEDY.

AN ABSOLUTE CURE

for Moon Blindness, (Ophthalmia), Conjunctivitis and Cataract, Shying horses all suffer from diseased eyes. A trial will convince any horse owner that this remedy absolutely cures defects of the eye, Irrespective of the length of time the animal has been afflicted. No matter how many doctors have tried and failed, use "VISIO," use it under our GUARANTEE; your money refunded if under directions it does not effect a cure- "YOU PAY FOR RESULTS ONLY." SS.OO per bottle, postpaid on receipt of price.

VIslo Remedj Ass'n., 1939 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III.

TTse the old, reliable, standard remedy ••Bickmore's Gall Care" and beware of imitations. Every genuine package bears the above trademark of the working horse, and if you are not satisfied after using it acoording to directions, dealers are authorized to refund your money.

Bickmore's Gall Cure

cures open sores, cuts and abrasions of every description promptly and speedily. Does not interfere with working the animal. Try it. Sample Free and Bickmore's New Horse Book if you'll send 6c for packing and postage.

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO. Box 935. OLD TOWN. Main*

z*

You Can't Cut Out

A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or THOROUGHPIN, but

AJJSORBINE

will clean them off permanently, and

yon work the horse fame time. Does

not blister or remove the hair. Will

tell you more if yon write. $2.00 pet

bottle at d' lers or deliv'd.Book 4Df ree.

ABSORB1NE, JR., for mankind.

$1 bottle. Reduces Varicose Veins,Var-

Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Liga-

Enlarged Glands. Allays pain qnickly.

W. F. YOUNG, P. 0. F., 109 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.

USE CRAFT'SDISTEMPERandCOUGH CURE

A safe and sure preventive and positive cure for all forms of Distemper, Influenza, Pinkeye, Coughs and Colds in Horses, Sheep and Dogs, 50c and SI.00 at Druggists or prepaid. Write for free booklet "Dr. Craft's Advice."

WELLS MEDICINE CO., LAFAYETTE, IND.

wnsEBtErcq

Ouickly and positively cured in less rn i-i three weeks with one application of

ADAM'S RAPID LUMP JAW CURE

Easy to use. Written GUARANTEE accompanies each bottle. Don't delay but write today for free circular. Dept. ■_>?.

.C.Adams Mtg.Co., Algona, I*.

A Neat Binder for your back numbers can be had for 30 cents. Address our Business Department.

that corn silage is not a fit food for breeding bulls, unless fed a few pounds only as a relish; fed heavily on silage bulls are said to lose virility and become slow and uncertain breeders.

The foregoing article appears on pages 152 and 153 of "Modern Silage Methods," a 224-page book published by the Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, Ohio. Every reader of this paper should read their ad. on another page.

An interesting situation is shown in the present demand for poultry products—at least from the standpoint of the man whos-; business it is to produce eggs; for, in spite of the steady and remarkable expansion which the business has shown within the last two or three years, eggs continue to command very high prices.

Just why we are consuming so great a quantity of poultry products is hard to determine, unless it be that we are just beginning to learn the true food value of the egg.

But, whatever the cause, tne present opportunity is a golden one for the hen man. Profitable as it has always been to keep hens, there is a chance now, with good birds and proper care, to make past profits look mall in comparison with present ones. Mark those two words—proper care —for they are the crux of the whole situation.

Good birds alone, or good birds in a fine house, don't spell success; but it s a well-proven fact that almost any kind of birds cared for as "The Dr. Hess Idea" teaches, will lay and be profitable. There can be no question about that, and there is no marvel in it. It's but reason and common sense.

"The Dr. Hess Idea," applied to the care of hens, is simply this—"perfect digestion is necessary to perfect production." That is, a hen must make use (by means of the digestive organs and those of assimilation) of the largest possible amount of her food, or the percentage of waste will be too great to be overcome by the few eggs she will lay.

ONE MAN DOES IT ALL.

A man and a horse with an Ertel "Daisy" hay press can hale a ton an hour. Just think of the advantages. No big baling crew to feed. You do *hp baling in spare time from regular worK. Cost of baling is reduced to forty .cents a ton. Automatic self-feed and wonderful but simple self-threader have put the work in the range of one man.

This is the greatest advance yet scored. You nvzht to read the enthusiastic endorsement of those who used the "Daisy" Inst season. Better write to-day to George Ertel Company Onincv. Illinois, and tell them vou want to know more about the hav nress advertised in the Southern Planter. Thev will send you their "Baler Book" free. A postal will do

Warranted to Give Satisfaction.

Gombault's

Caustic Balsam

Has Imitators But No Competitors.

A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for Curb, Splint. Sweeny, Gapped Hook, Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone and other bony tumors. Cures all skin diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes til Bunches from Horses or Cattle,

As a Human Remedy tor Rheumatism. prams, Sore Throat, etc., It Is invaluable; TEvery bottle of Caustio Balsam sold Is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price $1 60 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by 'express, charges paid, with full directions for Its use. ErTSend for descriptive oirculajr*. testimonials, etc. Address

The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 0.

BITTER LICK

MEDICATED

SALT BRICK

The Great Conditioner, Tonic, Digester and Worm Destroyer for

HORSES, CATTLE and SHEEP

A pure, highly concentrated, medicated salt, in brick form, infallible in curative and beneficial effect. All animals relish it. 2-lb.brick,25c;perdoz.,$2.50. Catalogofall Stockmen's Supplies free. Agents wanted. F. S. Burch & Co., 177 Illinois St., Chicago

FELKER'S NICOTINE

Stomnch-Wonn Remedy

The Great Internal

PARASITICIDE.

The only known Destroyer of Stomach Worms. Guaranteed. 1 Price $3.00 per box of 75 doses, prepaid.

\V. A. Felker Mrs. Co., Quiiiey, HI.

MINOR'S FLUID

SHEEP A1VD HOG DIP.

Its use permitted in official dipping Low prices on Dipping Tanks.

Testimonials and circulars for the asking.

W. E. MINOR & CO., Sll I.oiik Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.

Send for Booklet 11KATII TO UK AYES

Newton's ."-S^f"

Guaraotecd or Money Back.

» $i.()Operpan,at dealers, or

Express Paid. 18 Irs' Nile.

THE NEWTON KENEDY (.0.

Toledo, Ohio.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Send your order for

Crimson Clover

And All Other

SEEDS

TO

Oiggs&Beadles

"THE SEED MERCHANTS"'

1709 East Franklin St.

RICHMOND, - = VA.

Branch Store 603 and 605 East Marshall Street.

We are headquarters for superior Seeds of all kinds. GRASS and CLOVER SEEDS.

Garden and Flower Seeds, Cow Peas, Field Beans, Sorghums, Millets and all seeds of the highest quality and germination.

Write to-day for our free catalogue and price list.

Your Correspondence Solicited.

N. C. SEED RYE

FREE FROM ONIONS AND FILTH. Appier and Winter Turf Oats SEED WHEAT. HICKORY SEED CO., Hickory, N. C.

WANTED

Appier, Burt and White Oats; Seed Wheat. Seed Corn, Peanuts, Soja Beans, Second Crop Seed Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes. Parties having any of above to offer will please name us lowest price on same.

E. W. JONES, Seed Dealer, Woodlawn, Va.

The Virginia Bay

AT

Ocean View, Va.

THE MOST POPULAR HOTEL, ON THE VIRGINIA COAST.

Now open for the summer. Come along and bring your friends, relatives and sweethearts. Rates and other Information cheerfully furnished upon application.

JOHN A. TUCKER,

Manager.

TO BXCHANGE!!!

Apple, Pear, Cherry, Peach and Ornamental Trees for Pedigreed Shropshire, Southdown, Dorset Lambs, Poland-China, Berkshire Pigs, Indian Runner Ducks. Barred Rocks and M. B. Turkeys.

E. >V. JONES NURSERY CO., AYoodlavrn, Va.

HINTS BY MAY MANTON. With Tucked or Plain Sleeves. The lingerie gown that is tucked and made' with a flounce is one of the prettiest and most graceful that the season has to offer. This model is charming and attractive, yet quite simple. It is made in gores that are pointed at their lower edges and with insertions concealing all the seams. It is tucked over the hips to produce snug fit and to give a girdle effect and again at the shoulders so that it is becomingly full without being in the least bulky. Sheer mercerized

6377 Tucked Princesse Gown, 34 to 42 bust.

batiste with chemisette of .tuckinj: and trimming of Valenciennes lace are the materials used for this gown, but lingerie materials include the crepe and marquinette that do not re quire ironing, as well as the familiar plain and embroidered muslins, and the materials, one and all, adapted to the model. In this case the sleeves are tucked in groups with in'sertion between, but the plain ones, cut from material to match the chemisette, can be used whenever preferred. The

RAISE POULTRY

Cal Husselman's little book tells how to do It profitably.

SOUTHERN

POULTRY

GUIDE

125 pp., cloth bound, illustrated. It contains the meat of the Editor's 40 years' experience in the Poultry Business. Send $1 and we will enter your subscription to the Southern Planter and forward the book promptly

SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond, Va.

McCne's "Ringlet"

Barred Plymouth Rocfrs.

Successive winners in strongest competition at Richmond and Washington, D. C. When looking around for your birds for the shows or for utility purposes, you should pause and look well at my beautiful young stock, the finest that I have ever raised. My "Ringlets" are unexcelled in size, vigor, beauty and egg production. Write me. I will have birds that will please you, both in quality and price. Satisfaction guaranteed.

LESLIE H. McCUE,

Box 4, Afton, Va.

Bargain Sale

^ WHITE' WYANDOTTE HENS

at 91.50 and $2.

each. All this year's breeders must go to make room for young stock. This is a rare opportunity to get the best for practically nothing. Special price on large orders.

EVELYN HEIGHTS FARM., W. W. Thomas, Prop., Catlett, Va.

Glenview Orpingtons*

8. C. BUFFS EXCLUSIVELY.

I will not eel! any eggs for hatching next season. If you want some of the best stock of Orpingtons In the South, BUT NOW. Prices reasonable. State your exact wants. B « Hnn\R. Keswick Va.

Valley Farm

Barred Rocket, S. C. B. Leghorns.

My choice breeders for sale to make room for growing stock.

CHAS. C. WINE, Mt. Sidney, Va.

Tell the advertiser where vou saw his advertisement.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

795

THE OLD RELIABLE

LANBERT5

DEATH TO LICE

is the "real" article that has stood the test for 'lb years. Has no superior for destroying: lice. It saves the hens and increases Poultry Profits. Try it and be convinced. Sample 10 cts. If your dealer cannot supply you, send us his name. "Modern Poultry Problems" mailed for 2c stamp.

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO.,

421 Traders Bldg., - Chicago.

TAYLOR'S

White Wyandotte Chickens, White Holland Turkeys, White Muscovy Ducks, stock and eggs in season. k. randolpiTtaylor, Hickory Bottom Poultry Farm, It. F. D. No. 2. Beaver Dam, Va,

TO MAKE ROOM

For mv young" stock I will offer some of mv choice WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK YEAR-OLD HEIVS in

any quantity to suit at $15.00 per dozen. Also a few male birds to spare, from $2 to $10 each. Order direct from this ad. Eggs, $1.00 for 15; $4.00 per 100. C. M. WALKER, HERSDON, VA.

ROSE COMB

Rhode Island Red

Eggs from prize-winning stock for sale, 15 for $1, or 3 sittings for $2.50. L. E. SMITH, Appomattox, Va.

WHITE WYANDOTTE HENS

One year old, $1 and Cocks from $2 to

each; only a limited number sold to

make room Tor our young stock.

WHITE POULTRY YARDS,

Lorraine, Va.

MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER, Blackstone, Va.

PURE BRED R. C. RHODE ISLAND

RED

STOCK FOR SALE.

Member of R. I. R. Club of America.

For HI fill Grade, Pure Brrtl

Black Langshans

WRITE TO A. M. BLACK, Tazewell, Va.

QUALITY

Poland - CHinas.

Lest you forget we have the beat breeding and individuals in P. C. blood In Virginia at farmers' prices. Toung pigs and bred sows "the best ever."

A son of the "King of Them All" at head of our herd. Write us your wants.

H. B. BUSH A BRO., Mlchanx, Powhatan Co., Va.

trimming is all arranged on indicate! lines and the gown consequently is an easy one to make, while it gives the effect of extreme daintiness and charm.

The gown is cut in nine gores, those at the centre front and hack being cut off slightly above the waist line. The chemisette is made separately and arranged under the bodice portion and the flounce is straight at its lower edge, pointed at the upper, where it is gathered and joined to the gown. Whether the sieves are made as shown in the front view and tucked, or as shown in the back view from fc ticy material, they are cut in one piece each.

6374 Girl's Sailor Jumper Suit, 8 to 14 years.

The quantity of material required for the medius size is 14 yards 24; 8.1-2 yards 32, or 7 1-2 yards 44 inches wide, with 21 yards of insertion, 3-8 yard tucking for the chemisette; 31-2 yards of edging to make as illustrated :n the front view; 12 yards 24; 7 1-2 yards 32, or 6 1-2 yards 44 inches wide with 17 1-2 yards of banding, and 2 yards of tucking to make as shown in the hack view.

The pattern 6377 is cut in sizes for a 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch |bust measure, and will he mailed to any address by the Fashion Department

Virginia's Premier Rival 117^83

A blue ribbon winner at Va. State Fair, 1908. He Is one of the Great Boars of the Berkshire Breed, is not only a splendid individual but has proven himself a wonderful breeder. His pigs are large, even size no "runts" fine length, full of quality with best of Berkshire heads, Anyone in search of a top boar pig to head a good herd, write me. My pigs are out of large prolific sows of best breeding. Prices reasonable and stock must please you. E. F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Va.

TAMWORTH PIGS.

From Registered Stock of Fine Breeding.

Knowle of Cook Farm 6067 at head of herd. Sire 2nd prize boar at Royal Show, Eng., 1907., Dam, 1st prize gilt at same show, 1907.

VOLNEY OSBURN Blnemont, London* Co. Va.

PURE-BRED

BERKSHBRES j POLAND-CHINAS TAMWOR1HS

Pigs from Registered Stock for sale. Several Berkshire and Tamworth Boars ready for service.

J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Va.

MEADOW BROOK FARM

FOR SALE—Choice lot of large YORKSHIRE PIGS

males and females, not akin, from America and England's best breed-ii i

J, D. Thouuiv .'ni». Konni HlU. > I.

PREMIER BERKSHIRES

The large, lengthy, growthy kind. A fine lot of pigs, bred from first-class sows, ready for April delivery; prices right. B. P. Rock eggs $1 for 16. J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va.

DUROC-JERSEY and TAMWORTH

SWINE.

Sterling Stock Farm,

R. W. Watson, Petersburg, Va

CHESTER WHITES.

Best hog on earth. I am now booking orders for spring pigs Please let me have your orders. Satisfaction guaranteed. S. M. WISECARVER, Rnstbnrg, Va.

Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshire*. C. Whites. Large strains. All jages, mated, not akin. Bred Sows, Service Boars, Guernsey Calves, Collie and Beagle Pups |and poultry. Write for price* nd circular.

P. F. HAMILTON, Cochranvllle, Chester Co. Pa.

PURE BRED

Hereford Bull

Calves, weighing about 600 pounds fov sale. Price $50 each.

J. L. PITTS, Scottsvllle, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

I offer the following first-class

REGISTERED SHROPSHIRES

FOR SALE

1—3-year-old ram, an excellent individual, weight about 200 lbs. price,

$20. 3—4-year-old ram, a good one, weight

about 190 to 200 lbs., at $20. 5—2-vear old rams, good individuals,

weight from 160 to 190 lbs at $18

to $20. 5—yearling 1 rams, weight from 140 to

160 lbs at $17 to $20. 5—Ram lambs, weight about 100 lbs.

each at $12 to $15. 16—yearling ewes, good ones at $20. 6—2-year-old ewes, none better at $20

each. 5—3-year-old ewes, good Individuals

at $18 each. 4—4-year old ewes, good individuals,

at $17 each. 1—5-year-old ewe, l-6year-old ewe and

1—7year-old-ewe at $15 each or the

3 for $36. All of above registered or will be for purchaser. All F. O. B. Chester-town, Md.

H. R. GRAHAM,

Chestertown, Md.

EDGEWOOD STOCK FARM.

DORSETS

I still have some choice Nov., Jan., and Feb. lambs left; better this year than ever. Will be pleased to quol" you prices. Remember my lambs ar° from large strong boned ewes and have blood from the best flocks in this country and England. I am prepared to furnish grade ram lambs at ten dollars f. o. b. Let me hear from you; I can please you. Address H. H. Arbuckle, Maxwelton, W. Va.

WOODLAND FARM

DORSET SHEEP

No Ewes for sale, and only a few Rams left. We have three or four flock-headers among these, which we offer at reasonable prices. Better order before they are all gone. CHAS. R. WING, Successor to J. E. Wing & Bros., Mecbanicsburg, Ohio.

DORSET SHEEP

I have to offer, this season, some very fine Dorset Rams; prices in reach of all.

SAMUEL, T. HENINGER, Burke's Garden, Va.

SHROPSHIRES

Yearling Bucks and Lambs, well wooled, close, blocky fellows; best for early lambs.

SUFFOLKS. Bucks, Lambs, Yearlings and Two-Tear Olds for sale, cheap to close out T. C. DICKERSON, Route 3, Staunton, Va.

of this paper on receipt of ten cents. To be Worn with or without a Shield

with Plaited or Gathered Skirt.

The sailor jumper suit is one of the latest and best liked developments of that favorite model, and there is one made from white l.nen with bands of blue which is smart and summer-like in the extreme. The long, loose blouse is drawn on over the head without an opening and 'he big sailor collar makes its pretty and appropriate finish. In this case no shield is worn, and for very warm days and for tennis and other out-door sports that style is a most desirable one, but the shield can be used whenever liked. White and blue linen, serge, flannel, duck and all the materials that art used for sailor suits are appropriate. When blue is the color chosen the shield can be of white or matching color as preferred.

The suit consists of the jumper and the skirt. The skirt is straight and can be either plaited or gathered at its upper edge where it can be joined to a fitted body lining or to a belt. The blouse is made with front and back portions. It is faced at the front and the collar is joined to the neck edge. The sleeves are simple plain ones with cuffs finishing their lower edges. The separate shield can be used and adjusted under the blouse or the body can be faced to give the effect; or, again, the suit can be worn without the shield, when the skirt should be attached to a belt in place of the body lining.

The quantity of material required for the medium size (12 years is 6 1-4 yards 27; 5 yards 32, or 3 3-4 yards 44 inches wide with 2 1-4 yards of banding.

The pattern 5374 is cut in sizes for girls of 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of age and will be mailed to any address by the Fashion Department of this paper on receipt of ten cents.

PINEHURST SHROPSHIRES

THE BALING PRESS.

During the past half century a remarkable development in farm machinery has taken place, the result of which has been the lessening of labor and the making of farm life more attractive, to say nothing of increased profits.

Among the many men who have won fame and achieved wonderful success along these lines is P. K. Deder-ick, who, more than fifty years ago, designed, manufactured and introduced to the farmers of America and all the world, the baling press for compressing hay, straw and similar materials into compact space for convenient handling and marketing.

The firm manufacturing these presses, P. K. Dederick's Sons, 55 Tivoli St., Albany, N. Y., will be glad to send to any one interested a complete catalogue of these celebrated presses, which not only tells all about them, but gives much valuable information on baling in genera. Write to-day for a free copy.

HOME-BRED RAM.

WARDWHLS "LEAD THE WAY,"

In 1907 we won CHAMPION RAM at Chicago International, Michigan State and New York State Fairs, and every FIRST PRIZE at Vermont State Fair.

In 1908 we won champion Ram at Indiana and New York State Fairs. This year we have bought at a cost of $900 the 1st Prize Royal Ram in England. Our rams are better than ever and we have reduced the price 30 per cent, from last year.

Don't fail to send for our circular giving price and breeding of rams. We are making a special offering, so buy early and get first choice.

We pay not only great care to get the BEST in importing, but even more care in selecting our breedine flock. This is undoubtedly the reason our flock has such a great reputation. HENRY L. WARDWELL,

S]>rinv.field Center, New York.

REDLAND FARM

OFFERS FOR SALE Three Red Poll Bull Calves, from three to six months old; Eight Yearling Shropshire Bucks; Two-year-old Shropshire Bucks; One fine old Registered Buck, an

excellent animal, raised by Oak-

lelgh Thorne, Esq.

AARON SEAY, Manager, Carter's Rrldge, Albemarle Co., Va.,

BROOKDALE FARM,

Pocahontas County, West Virginia.

Red Poll Cattle

of best breeding. The cattle that suit the Virginia farmer best. Write for photographs and records.

DORSET SHEEP

A Prime Yearling Ram and a Few

Choice Ewes. J. D. ARBUCKLE, 31. D., Cass, W. Va.

REGISTERED POLL DURHAMS

or Hornless Shorthorns, double standard. Bull Calf for sale. Satisfaction guaranteed.

J. M. Steger, Scottaville, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

797

Great Dispersion Sale

Of the Famous Ingleside Herd of

Hereford Cattle

Polled and Standard

Bred

BULLS, COWS $ HEIFERS

On September 21st and 22d, 1909, I will sell at auction at my farm. "Ing-leside," near Old River, on the 0. & O. R. R., in Greenbrier county, W. Va., my entire herd of Hereford cattle. Including- my show and breeding 1 herd, numbering about one hundred and fifty head.

This is absolutely a dispersion sale without any reserve, and will be sold rain or shine to the highest bidder In the second story of my breeding barn.

For over twenty years I have bred, fed and maintained this herd under natural conditions, with very satisfactory results, both from a show and • feeding standpoint. The cattle will be presented on days of sale in good thrifty condition and, in my judgment, In proper form to go on and produce good results for the purchaser. They represent my earnest efforts for the past twenty years, and will be turned over to you at your own price.

I do not expect big prices, but on account of my health, they must be sold. Catalogue will be reaay by August 20th. You are cordially invited to attend the sale. Nothing left undone for your comfort. For catalogue address

S. W. ANDERSOST, Ulnker Mills, W. Va.

Auctioneers—Ft. E. Edmondson, Fred. Reppert. A. C. Gardner.

Devon Herd Established 1884. Hampshire Down Flock Established 1880.

DEVON CATTLE

BULLS AND HEIFERS,

HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP,

RAMS AND EWES.

ROBERT J. FARRER, Orange, Va.

Walnut Hills Herd.

Twenty-five Registered Angua fa-males and two bulls for sale.

J. P. THOMPSON, Orange, Va.

JERSEYS

Combination and Golden Lad. For sale

46 Cows, 6 Heifers, 25 Bulls.

S. E. NIVEN, Landenberg, Pa.

Forestville, Va., Oct. 5, 1908. Johnson & Field Mfg. Co., Hiicine, Wis. Gentlemen:—1 received the Fanning Mill on the 20th of September, in good order. Have set it up and tried it on some wheat. It is doing good work all right for seed wheat. Have not used it for anything else. I have not said much to my friends about the Mill, as they are all busy getting out the crop. 1 will send names of neighbors that have old Fanning Mills and will have some of them look at this fine Mill you sent me. It is a beauty and runs so light. Enclosed find twenty-five cents worth of postage stamps to pay for the collection of the check I sent you for the Mill. If I do not succeed in selling any Mills 1 will make it all right. Yours truly, \V. A. FENCE.

Montmorenci, Tippicanoe Co., lnd.,

July 28, 1909. Johnson-Field Mfg. Co., Racine, Wisconsin. Gents.—I own and manipulate a Racine No. farm mill with bagger attachment and verily I say unto you that it's a "hummer" by which any farmer can make dollars out of wind. I know from practical experience that it is sound judgment in a farmer to clean his seeds and sow only graded seeds—seeds that are not full of impurities, weed seeds, small "runty" grains, nor anything that might clog a drill. I have cut thirty acres of oats and where I sowed oats cleaned on a Racine a more even and vigorous stand could not be found. The Racine is strongly built and the most practical, up-to-date, thoroughly all around good fanning mill and seed grader made, in my opinion, and I've seen 'em about all. The Racine will increase your yield and when you get a larger yield you get more value per acre. My father bought one of your mills about eighteen or twenty years ago and it's as good as new yet. The Racine is the only fanning mill I would advise any farmer to buy. In its difference from other mills lies its superiority. With best wishes, I am, Yours very respectfully, GEO. J. WETTSCHURACK.

Fairfax Co., Va., May 16, '09. I think there is nothing like the Southern Planter. H. R. Steele.

Pittsylvania Co., Va., May 4, '09. I appreciate the Southern Planter very much and am not willing to do without it. J. W. RAMEY.

Stafford Co., Va., May 4, '09. The Southern Planter is both entertaining and helpful and altogether an up-to-date publication.

THOMAS WALLACE.

Franklin Co., Va., May 4, '09. Although not engaged in farming as a business, I find the Southern Planter very valuable.

A. H. HUTCHERSON.

Jerseys For Sale

Imported and Imported in Dam

150 HEAD IN THE HERD

To select from, and not a single animal but what is for sale. We won first and junior championship on yearling bull, Eminent 14fh. at the National Dairy Show; First on heifer not in milk, under two years; First and second on heifers under six months, and seven other ribbons on the twelve head we exhibited.

Write to-day and get pedigrees, descriptions and prices. Address

ALLENDALE FARMS

SHELBYVILLE, KY. LOOMIS.

"THE HOLSTEIN MAN".

Offers a foundation herd of purebred Holsteins, consisting of one Bull and two Heifers, highly bred and elegant individuals. All from Advanced Registry dams

Price, $250 F. O. B.

Get in line while these "special inducement" offers last.

Orders by wire surest. Satisfaction guaranteed.

J. B. LOOMIS, RICHLAND, N. Y.

J. A. STROUGH,

Breeder of pure bred

BELGIAN HORSES

Stallions, Mares and Colts for sale; imported and native bred. CRIMORA, VA.

Horses and Mules at a Bargain.

One splendid Chestnut mare 9 years old, 1,200 lbs. Compactly built, extra good farm and brood mare, bred to Hackney stallion.

One 3 years old bay mare thoroughly broken to all farm work.

One pair of 8 years old mare mules, color black, compactly built, easy to keep, sound, quick and reliable, 1,150 lbs. each, well matched.

One handsome black mare, 5 years old; extra fine driver, with plenty of style, beautifully shaped; easy to keep; works well everywhere.

One light bay mare, 5 years old, weight about 1,050 lbs., height 15% hands. Gentle enough for a family horse. Handsome and stylish enough to please the most fastidious.

One mahogany bay mare, 6 years old, weight about 1,000 lbs., height 15% hands. A reliable worker anywhere. A handsome and stylish driver. These animals are all fine brood mares and will be bred free of charge to superb Hackney stallion. They are all home raised with good blood In them and will be sold under a full written guarantee.

One pair of well matched black horse mules, 2 years old, blocky and well shaped. This pair of fine two year olds will be sold at a special bargain if bought at once.

One beautiful Bay Saddle and Harness Mare, five years old, 900 pounds. Stylish and fast. Superb Lady's Saddler.

WM. M. WATKINS, Saze, Charlotte Co., Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Want Ads.

Rates 2 cents per word. Cash with order. Initials and figures count as one word; 25 ents minimum charge.

POULTRY, ETC.

BERKSHIRE PIONEER POULTRY Yards offer Golden Penciled Ham-burgs, White Crested Black Polish, 13 eggs, $2; Salmon Faverolles, 13 eggs, $3; Silver Spangled Ham-burgs, Partridge Wyandottes, Black Breasted Red Game Bantams, Cornish Indian Games, Pearl Guineas, White Guineas, Pekin Ducks, Indian Runner Ducks, 13 eggs, $1. Circular, A D. Parsons, Berkshire, N. Y.

FOR SALE, THREE MONTHS' OLD, line bred, winter laying strain, bai red Plymouth Rock Cockerels, Sue. for August. To make room, a few one-year-old Barred Rock Hens, bac. Two trios Indian Runner Ducks at $5 a trio. Ingraham Poultry Yards, Somerset, Ora.ige Co., "Va.

RARE BARGAIN IN BREEDING PENS of the following breeds: Light and Dark Brahmas, White and Barred Rocks, R. I. Reds, White, Buff, Silver Laced, Partridge and Columbian Wyandottes. Eggs reduced; 25 varieties. Write your wants to-day. Clarence Shenk, Luray, Va.

FOR SALE—100 PURE-BRED S. C. R. I. Red Cockerels, April hatched. Can furnish any class from utility to prize winners. All cocks at head of yards were shown and won in competition. As layers the hens cannot be beaten. Prices $1 to $5. J. A. Ber-ger, Guilford, Md.

FOR SALE COCKERELS FROM PRIZE winning strains, S. C. Brown Leghorns, "Brace's" strain of New York S. C. R. Island Reds, Bryant's strain of Mass. Order early and get the best. Address, Evergreen Farms, Rice Depot, Va.

WANTED — TWENTY-FIVE HUN-

dred March and April hatched W. Rock and W. Wyandotte Pullets for breeding. Address Walter P. Laird, Supt., Warm Springs, Va.

FOR SALE WHITE HOLLAND TUR-keys, 1st, 2d and 3d prize at Va. State Poultry Show, Richmond, Va December, 1908. Bargains Address J. M. Bell, Shirley, Va.

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BRAD-ley and Miles strains. Prize winners. Address Withers Burress, R. F. D. No. 7, Richmond, Va.

FOR SALE—WELL COLORED ROSE-Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerels, four months old, at $1 each. Margaret Moncure, Rectory, Va.

R. C. SILVER LACED WYANDOTTES. My choice breeders for sale to make room for growing stock. Mrs. Fannie Carter, Rice Depot, Va.

EARLY HATCHED S. C. BROWN Leghorn Cockerels and Pullets for sale. Mrs. C. M. Bass, Rice Depot, Va.

FOR SALE—S. C. WHITE LEGHORN hens and cocks Dinning: strain, $1 each. J. M. Bell, Shirley, Va.

SOME NICE WHITE WYANDOTTES for sale. O. O. Harrison, Mt. Ulla, N. C.

Always mention The Southern Planter when writing advertisers.

LIVE STOCK.

FOR SALE—THREE CHOICE ANGUS Bull Calves, 10 Cows, S Heifers, Choice breeding, mostly Prince Ito blood; 5 Hackney brood mares, 2 Yearling Fillies, 5 trotting bred Mares, 1 Yearling, 1 2-year and 2 3-year Fillies, all high class racing blood, and should go fast; 2 Geldings, 1 and 2 years; 1 Clydesdale Stallion, 2 years; 1 trotting bred Stallion; Don Piza 27060. one of the best Sows of the great Gambetta Wilkes. Myer & Son, Bridgeville, Del.

FOR SALE—BEAU DONALD HERE-fords, a few choice calves, yearlings and cows of this popular family of Herefords. Also a few select Berkshire pigs by Premier Champion by Premier Longfellow, out of Royal Bachelor sows, Sweepstakes winner at Ky. State Fair, and one bay Saddle Filly, 3 years, weighs 1050 lbs, by old Denmark out of Ky. saddle mare, stylish and fast. Elkton Stock Farm, Forest Depot, Va.

TAMWORTH BOAR PIGS. CHOICE ones only offered. Three and four months at $10 and $12 each. Eligible to registry. Lusty, growing fellows. TAMWORTH' blood for growth, larg-e litters and fine meat. I shall sell only the VERY GOOD for breeding. The others you can buy later as hams and bacon; but they will cost you more. S. Graham Smith, Dixondale, Va.

$35 WILL BUY PURE-BRED HOL-stein bull calf bred at V. P. I. and by one of the best young bulls in the State, fine lusty fellow, beautifully marked, six weeks old, pail fedr f. o. b. J. J. Talman, Shadwell, Va.

FOR SALE CHEAP—TWO VIRGINIA Bradley's Blitzen two-year-olds. One bay gelding, other brown filly, and one Royal Swell stud colt, four nios. old on Aug. 11th. Jas. Goldsmith, Chatham Farms, Fredericksburg, Va.

SEVERAL YOUNG REGISTERED AB-erdeen Angus bulls. Sired by Gold Nugget 26957, who was never beaten in the show ring, at farmers' prices. David I. Jaynes, Massaponax, Va., Member of the Aberdeen Angus Breeders Association.

FOR SALE, TWO THREE-YEAR-OLDS and one four-year-old, by thoroughbred sire from good mares, promising hunters and drivers. Address Mrs. George M. West, 2509 1-2 Park Avenue, Richmond, Va.

ONE RED POLL BULL CALF, ELIGI-ble for register, for sale. Price reasonable. Also S. C. B. Leghorn Cockerels at 75c. and $1; White Plymouth Rock Cockerels, 75c. Stock guaranteed. B. G. Bass, Rice, Va.

FOR SALE SHORTHORN AND POLL-ed Durham calves, $40 to $70 each. All eligible to registration. Also three-year-old saddle mare. Drives and rides well. J. L. Humbert, Charlottesville, Va.

PONIES—SEVERAL SHETLAND AND others for children, well broken. Cne pair matched roan mares, 5 years, kind: single and double. J. M. Cunningham, Brandy Station, Va.

FOR SALE REGISTERED JERSEY

Bulls from one to two and one-half years old; also two fine Heifers. Address Riverside Park, Morganton, N. C.

TO REDUCE FLOCK, TWELVE PURE bred Shropshire Ewes for $60, if taken in one lot. Address P. S. Hunter, Loretto, Essex Co., Va.

DORSET BARGAINS — REGISTERED and grades. Exceptional prices to prompt buvers. H. Armstrong, Box 244, Mt. Jackson, Va.

FOR SALE—TEN DUROC BOARS AN lot of pigs eligible to registry, at the right price. Look up my po^l try ad. in another column. C. L Shenk, Lurav, Va.

FOR SALE—ONE PURE-BRED POIJ Durham bull calf, also several nic«

' grade heifers and bulls. Address S S. Teel, Charlottes vilee, Va.

LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS, PAIRS NO related, and Hampshire Sheep, Ram and Ewes. Best breeding. J. D, Thomas, Round Hill, Va.

FOR SALE—JERSEY BULL eight months old. Address Box 4, Bowling Green, Va.

WANTED, A FEW HOLSTEIN COW or Heifers. J. P. F. Miller, Beale-ton, Va.

BEST BREEDING OF LARGE YORK shires at bargain prices. W. E. Stick-ley, Strasburg, Va.

TO SELL NICE SHROPSHIRE BUCK graded. J. A. Spears, Midlothian, Va

DOGS, PET STOCK, ETC.

WANTED—TO BUY ALL KINDS Wild Birds and Animals, particularly Tame Deer, Wild Turkeys, White Squirrels, Peafowl, Otters, Red Foxei Gray Squirrels, Partridges, Pheas ants, Beaver. State price when writing. Dr. Cecil French, Naturalist, Washington, D. C.

SCOTCH COLLIE PUPS (MALES) FOB sale. Parents imported 1908, tri color, black, white and tan, $5.00 David Galloway Culpeper, Va.

FOR SALE—SOME CHOICE YOUNG Belgian Hare bucks, three to five months old. $1 each. John L. Harrison, Station No. 2, Richmond. Va

FOR SALE—T WO PEDIGREED Great Dane Pups, seven months old. Male. $25; female, $15. S. C. Wolcott, Dixondale, Va.

FOX, DEER, COON AND OPOSSUM hound's and pups, $3.60 to $16 each. For bargains write me. E. F. Wll-mouth, Shelbyvllle, Ky.

OVERSTOCKED—20 TO 30 HIVES OFJ bees in Danz hives, for sale cheap.I Correspondence solicited. R. R. Cuy-1 ler, Brandon. Va.

REAL. ESTATE.

FOR SALE—A VERY FINE FARM near Ringgold, Va., Pittsylvania county, six miles of Danville, Va., In a fine tobacco section. Soil very suitable for raising cattle. Contains 257 acres, three good dwelling houses, tobacco barns and other outhouses, all in good repair; has plenty of wood; also half interest in a fine J Water Power Grist Mill and Saw Mill, and 50 acres of land. This mill has plenty of water, three good | dwelling houses and stables. In a 1 good section of country to buy grain. Convenient to the City of Danville, with a big sale in meal and flour. Bargain to quick purchaser. Apply to Fred S. Clarke, Ringgold, Va.

FOR SALE—AN IMPROVED 200-ACRE farm in Piedmont, Va. Location high, dry and healthy. Sixty miles from Washington. DC In plain view of Blue Ridge Mountains. Dwelling and usual out-buildings. Fine seven-acre orchard of standard varieties of apples just in full bearing. Will sell implements and some i live stock if wanted. Terms to suit purchaser. Write for particulars Also a two-horse level tread-powerI in good repair. If we dont sell this farm we will want a good man to» farm it next .year on salary or shares. Address, Box 33, Jefferson-ton, Va.

FOR ing far

ItOt

ami pur pla kiti coli net)

lu anil

lit!

and still

Spr

FUR far: anil sea net Fie eitl Job moi tioi thr mot Intern plat con tict Sou

RAM

A

tail in i Viri

TO)

?l(

FOR

inte sui' cast Dix

Villi

Hon soil pric Pla.

FINE

five

uatl land 125;

CEXT fara sati men seril ive

ty i

CLEK Esta com torn ley, acre

WAKT

In

poni

fane

.'"■AC fron soft Con chat

FARM est

load

liar

H 1909.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

799

hea: Cub

'AE.

HI

VCR! atioi DM plat

lair.'

[In:-

Bill! ) SI

HKAI, ESTATE—(Continued).

FOR SALE.—350 ACRES WITH BUILD ings; excellent hunting lodge, stock farm or summer residence. Large house, painted white; rooms large and well lighted; wide and roomy porch around house; large fire places; well with force pump in kitchen gives abundance pure, soft cold water. New barn, etc. Permanent streams; springs on hill sides: valuable hardwood timber; two and one-half miles from depot; six miles to electric cars between Richmond and Petersburg. Map with perfect title of farm. I own this properly and will deal direct with you to suit. R. W. Savage, Highland Springs, Va.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE—FOR A farm in Piedmont Virginia, printing and publishing business in a county seat town in Piedmont Virginia, now netting the owner a good income. Field not thoroughly developed in either subscriptions or advertising. Job work runs $200 to $400 per month. Advertising and subscriptions about $200 per month. Cylinder, three jobbers, plenty of type and all modern machinery. Rent low and labor reasonable. Reason of selling owner wishes to retire. Price of plant and business, around $3,000 conditioned upon payments. For particulars, address; Newspaper, care Southern Planter.

RARE BARGAIN TO QUICK BUYER. A splendidly located Albemarle fruit, stock and poultry farm within an hours' drive of University of Virginia and fifteen minutes of railway station; 1,000 fruit trees from 7 to 10 years old. Can be mad-2 an ideal home or profitable •commercial proposition. Apply to owner. Meadow Grove Farm, Ivy Depot, Va.

FOR EXCHANGE—MAUNFACTURING interest up to $10,000, for good sandy clay farm (even neglected) east of the Ridge, South the Mason Dixon line, and North of Charlottesville. Give minute description, location, condition, improvements and soil consistency and depth, also price to R. B. Leatherman, Delray, Fla.

FINE ESTATE FOR SALE—THREE sets of handsome buildings; residences contain 10, 9 and 8 rooms; five other settlements. Beautiful situation, good grazing and farming land, 1,200 acres. Will divide. Price $25; close to town. A. H. Clement, Appomattox, Va.

CENTRAL MISSOURI FARMS. FOR farms that will prove profitable anor satisfactory for homes and investments, write for list of farms described and priced. Very productive soil; easy terms. Hamilton Realty Co., No. 2, Fulton, Mo.

CLENDENING AND THOMAS, REAL Estate Agents. Round Hill, Loudoun county, Va. Large list of farms and town property in the famous Valley, ranging in price from $10 per acre and upwards.

WANTED TO EXCHANGE CITY LOTS in Gulfport, Miss., for Shetland ponies, collies, blood hounds, «r fancy poultry. J. D. Stodghlll, Shel-byville, Ky.

20-ACRE HOME, TWO HOURS DRIVE from Washington; new buildings: soft water, springs, brook, bargain. Correspondence solicited. Migrht exchange. A. Jeffers, Burke, Va.

FARMS AND TIMBERLANDS AT LOW est prices on easy terms, greatest bargains in Virginia. Write for catalogue. Cheap lands on new railroad. Address J. R. Elam, Box 267, Charlottesville, Va

Please mention the Southern Planter.

POSITIONS HELP.

WANTED A PRACTICAL. EXPERI-enced, up to date, Industrious farm manager to work on shares. Must thoroughly understand the business References required as to character experience and ability to successfully conduct all farming operations The place is suitable for all crops, dairy and stock raising. Exceptional opportunity for the right man, no other need apply. L. R., Box 752 Richmond, Va.

WANTED—MANAGEMENT OF STOCK or grain farm. Thoroughly competent to take entire charge, in all branches. Good manager of labor and understands machinery. Best references for ability, etc. Address J. S. care Southern Planter.

WANTED—POSITION BY PRACTI-cal poultryman, can plan, build and successfully run any size plant, best or reference furnished. Address F. T. care Southern Planter.

HAVING SOLD MY HOME HERE, want position as farm manager. No fancy wages. Best references rrom people I have served. A. LonghbJr-ough, Leesburg, Va.

PRACTICAL FARMER WANTS TO rent good farm from 100 to 300 acres in Virginia. Address with description, B. A., care Southern Planter.

WANTED, GOOD ALL-ROUND WHITE man for farm work, houses, etc., Iur-nished. Give age of self and family. Address E. G. Craig, Keswick, Va.

WANTED POSITION ON POULTRY farm. Had three years experience. C. V. Campbell, Oliver, Va.

IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY, ETC.

FOR SALE—ONE 10 H. P. STEAM traction engine, in good condition. Two inserted tooth circular saws, 40 and 52-inch. One Geiser saw mill feed works. For further particulars address J. L. Garrett, Williamsburg, Va.

FOR SALE—HANCOCK DISC PLOW either double or single, only plowe about twenty-four acres. Also one horse disc grain drill with fertilize and grass seed attachments. Bot as good as new. W. E. Cook,'Crewe Va.

FOR SALE. ONE 20-INCH OHIO FEED Cutter with 30 feet carrier. Machine in good condition and will sell cheap. Address Box 192, Richmond, Va.

FOR SALE—ONE NO. 6 TUBULAR Sharpless Cream Separator, shop No. 124512, never used, still in original crate. Cost $125; will sell for $75. Address, Virignia Portland Cement Co., Fordwick, Va.

SEED, PLANTS, Etc

SEED WHEAT "VIRGINIA PRO-lific." Smooth, great for the South; big yielder. " Malakoff Russian Wheat. Bearded, and other good kinds. Some "Reds" yet for sale. W. Shook. McGaheysville, Va

CELERY PLANTS—STRONG, STOCKY plants. All varieties, $1.40 per 1,000. Cabbage, $1.00 per 1,000; 5,000, $3.50. F. W. Rochelle, Chester, New Jersey.

MISCELLANEOUS.

W

RICHMOND

WSSD

VIRGINIA

% SON, RICHMOND. Va. " Lumber, Laths, Shin-• srles, Sash, Blinds, Doors, Frames, Mouldings, Asphalt Roofing. Yards and

FARMERS AND GENERAL STORE-keepers should employ us as consulting accountants. Bookkeeping systems devised, by mall, to suit your business. Advice on business propositions. Financial statements prepared. Annual contract. Charges moderate. Write for terms. Mercantile Audit Co., Box 49, Richmond, Va.

RARE OPPORTUNITY FOR THOSE of limited means to enjoy the free advantages of Washington. Shorthand and typewriting included in home expenses, and positions found for students. To live in Washington is a liberal education. Address Mrs. Novella Routt Reynolds, 1812 Belmont Road, Washington D. C.

TAMWORTH SERVICE BOAR AM-berdale 5427 for sale. Farrowed April, 1908. A good individual of good breeding. He is related to most of my sows, or would keep him for own use. If sold this month, price $47.50. S. Graham Smith Dixondale, Va.

WANTED—SWEET AND BLACK GUM Poplar, Maple, Sycamore and Birch logs sawed 15 to 30 inches in diameter, 32 to 52 inches long with bark. Manchester Basket Works, Manchester, Va.

SEND ONE DOLLAR AND RECEIVE by return mail receipt to kill Lice on all fowls, young and old. This is not a fake, but a true and tried remedy. M. W. Litton, Meadow View, Va.

SADDLERS.

We are making special prices on fifteen high grade Saddle Mares; also Mule Mares, for the the next sixty days. If you want a saddler of any description, write us.

J. F. COOK & CO., Lexington, Ky.

THOROUGHBRED

BERKSHIRE BOARS, JERSEY BULL CALVES, DORSET BUCK LAMBS.

Sire of calves, FLYING FOX, 6S4S6, son of Flying Fox, who sold for $7,600 at the Cooper sale, 1902.

All 'stock in best condition and guaranteed as represented.

F. T. ENGLISH, Cemtrevllle, Md.

FOR mOKGMN COLTS

*nd Fillies and High-Brad Fox Hound Puppies. Address,

Dr. JOHN D. MASSSNGILL, Blooafrtlle.

King Co.. N. C., May 24, '09. I like the Southern Planter very much and would not be without it. W. I. BENNETT.

buildings covering ten acres.

Fairfax Co., Va., May 15, '09. I could not farm without the Southern Planter. I. D. RICHARDS.

Prince Edward Co., Va., May 20, '09. I could not afford to do without the Southern Planter It is worth a great deal to the farmer of to-day.

J. J. GILLIAM.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Ft. Lewis Stock Farm

THE BEST PLACE TOR BLOOD AND REGISTERED

BERKSHIRES

White Leghorn, mil breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black Minorca and Rhode Island Red Fewls. Eggs from these pure-blooded birds for sale.

DR. W. L. NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM. VA.

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING.

Chicken Croquettes. Boil one chicken and one pair of brains or sweet breads till tender. Then mince very fine or run through the meat chopper. Make a sauce of one pint of rich milk, one heaping tablespoon of flour, one-half teaspoon of onion juice, one teaspoon of salt, half teaspoon of cayenne pepper, three tablespoons of butter, one of chopped parsley; add more salt if needed, and pour the sauce over the chopped meat; mix thoroughly and set on ice to cool, then make into shapes; roll in beaten egg, then in crumbs, and fry in very hot lard.

Salmon Croquettes. One can of salmon picked to pieces, two cups of creamed potatoes, one teaspoon of minced parsley, one-fourth teaspoon cayenne pepper, one teaspoon Worcestershire sauce. Make a sauce of one cup of cream, two tablespoons of butter, one tablespoon of flour; boil and pour over the salmon, adding the juice of a lemon; form into croquettes, and fry to a light brown, first rolling in raw egg and then in crumbs.

Hash. This much despised dish may be made into a very delightful one with a little care and skill. Put into a sauce pan two cups of water; let it boil; add to it one heaping spoon of flour, mixed first with a small quantity of cold water; let it bo> then add two teaspoons of salt, half a teaspoon of pepper, and two tablespoons of butter. Chop fine cold meat removing all the gristly pieces, add a little chopped parsley, and a slice of onion. Pour over it the hr dressing and let it all boil up once. Have some slices of buttered toast in a meai. platter; pour the bash over them and serve very hot—for breakfast or lunch.

Hyden Salad. One peck of cabbage chopped fine, one-half peck of green tomatoes, one quart of green pepper chopped, one quart of chopped onions. Sprinkle a pint of salt over these and let them stand over night. The next morning pour boiling water over and squeeze dry. Take four ounces ginger, eight tablespoons of ground mustard, two ounces of cinnamon, two ounces cloves, three ounces tumberic, three ounces celery seed, four pounds brown sugar, four teaspoons of salt, one gallon of vinegar; mix all and boil fifteen minutes. Poor over the vegetable and boil slowly for an hour. Then

Herd headed by Lord Premier 3d, 96773, Predominant 94342 and Eminent Premier 118253. Lord Premier 3d is a great son of Lord Premier 50001 and a brother in blood to Lord Premier's Rival. Predominant Is a very handsome son of the grand champion Premier Longfellow 68600 and Eminent Premier Is a grandson of both Lord Premier and Masterpiece. Our sows are bred along the same lines and are auperb individuals.

Also Forfarshlre-Oolden Lad Jerseys. Write for catalogue.

DR. J. D. KIRK,

ROANOKE,

VIRGINIA.

CHOICE BERKSHIRE PIGS of the BEST BLOOD and QUALITY

If you want a pair or trio of pigs from the best and most prolific strains of Berkshires, write me. My sows are of the best blood of the breed, being daughters and granddaughters of Premier Longfellow, Baron Duke the 50th, and the noted Huntress.

Their litters are by my great herd boars, Hunter of Biltmore 3d, and Earhart's Model Premier.

These boars are a big, fancy type, are of the best prize-winning blood of the world and their pigs are the kind that will make you money.

Let me quote you prices on first-class pigs and ready-for-service boars. I ship everything subject to your examination and approval and my prices are reasonable. Address,

D. E. EARHART, Bristow, Va.

For Sale

BERKSHIR E GILTS JERSEY BULL

Forest Home Farm,

Purcellville, Va.

HiLLCREST FARM BERKSHIRES

Herd's Hours—Master's Compensation No. 04346; Sallle Lee's Last of Biltmore No. 111,687.

We have some extra good pigs, from two to six months old, and the boar pigs are good enough to head any herd.

The above pigs are out of daughter and granddaughter of Premier Longfellow, Masterpiece and Lord Premier and such other noted Berkshires.

All stock as represented, or money refunded. W. It. FESSOM. Richmond, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

801

MORVEN PARK

i

\

The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS, Esq

WE WILL EXHIBIT OUR

Guernsey Cattle, Yorkshire Swine, Dorset Sheep and Per-

CheronS at the show of the LOUDOUN HEAVY DRAFT AND AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION, to be held at Leesburg, Va., September ist and 2nd. 1909. 1" A magnificent exhibit of high class animals is annually made at Leesburg, and those desiring grade drafters of high quality will have a large number of animals to select from which are for sale by the farmers at reasonable prices.

FOS FURTHER PARTICULARS ADDRESS

Live Stock Dept., Morven Park Estate, Leesburg, Va.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

[August,

BREEDING EWES

BUY EARLY.

Improve your farm and swell your bank account by stocking with Breeding Ewes. We are in position to sell you nood r*ure-Bred Bucks and Feeding Lambs, alBo Feed no SUers. stock cattle and yearlings. Now is the time to buy, ana in the spring and summer will sell your f't cattle sheep and lambs at best market prices. We will sell you stock that will make you good money. Write us

McComb & Block

COMMISSION MERCHANTS

For Sale of CATTLE, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, CALVES AND FRESH COWS Best of reference furnished OFFICE AND PENS: Established 1890. P. O. BOX 483

UNION STOCK YARDS, RICHMOND, VA. Phones: Office 1394, Residence 3224

set aside in the kettle and put into the jars the next day.

Green Grape Jelly.

Gather the grapes just before they are ripe; pick them from the stem and wash carefully. Put them into a granite kettle with water enough to half cover them and boil to rags. Turn them into a bag and let the juice drip out. Measure and weigh one pound of sugar to each pint of juice. Set the juice on the fire, and put the sugar in a pan in the stove to heat. Let the jelly come to a boil and boil ten minutes; then put in the hot sugar and boil ten minutes longer, Try it, and if it is not jellied, boil still longer.

Cider Wine.

Take the cider from the press and add to one gallon three pounds of sugar; put it into a cask or demijohn and let it ferment. Fill up every day, as it ferments. Let it stand fifteen days; cork tightly. Let it stan three months and bottle and seal up. This is a beautiful and useful wine. CARAVEN.

REDUCED PRICES ON

NOTES FROM FAIRFAX COUNTY,

VIRGINIA. Editor Southern Planter:

Fairfax county does not seem to have h much space in your columns of late. There seems to be but little of interest to communicate, therefore, I have not inflicted your readers for sometime.

The last half of June and up to date in July has been quite dry. It is getting rather too dry for the garden crops; and corn, in spots, is beginning to suffer. But signs of rain are plentiful at present, and we. are likely to have an ample supply within twenty-four hours.

The wheat and rye have, been harvested and stacked in fine condition. The acreage rather larger than usual, the yield yet to be determined, but from all indications is only a fair average; still it counts for more this year on account of higher prices.

Oats are cut, and the crop is short, both in straw and in grain. Early potatoes are ripe, but rather a short yield, owing to dry weather.

A larger acreage of the cowpea or

BRED BERKSHIRE GILTS

for next SO days only.

The panic drove hundreds of breeders out of business. The next twelve months will see them tumbling ever one another to get back—as the demand and prices advance. I staid in the boat, kept up my herd and advertisements, hence am well equipped for orders. My Berkshire^ are as fine aa the world can produce. Price In easy reach of everyone. Scores of pics ready for shipment.

THOS. S. WHITE,

("•tMtfern Stock Farm.

LEXINGTON, VA.

TT^ C I Two Well Bred Jersey

-■. v/I sJr C&JLC7! Bulls, 6 $ 12 months old

Two-year-old and Yearling Guernsey Bulls.

Two grade Red Polled Heifers, one with Heifer Calf; other soon due.

BERKSHIRE AND YORKSHIRE PIGS

All in good condition and ready to ship.

M. B. Rowe $ Co., ■*!£*£"*

Dual Purpose Shorthorns For Sale

The Waverly herd of Shorthorns recently sold with the farm has been placed in my hands to sell as the present owner will start a large dairy with Holsteins. These are highly bred cattle, heavy milkers and guaranteed sound and breeders. Twelve cows and heifers in calf, three young bulls, and four heifer calves. Come and see them, or write for list. It is an opportunity in a thousand to get dual-purpose Shorthorns at a reasonable price.

LESLIE? D. KLINE, Vnucluse, Va.

A RARE CHANCE

To secure a grand Jt-rsoy Bull. "IUNORA'S RIOTER" OF ST. LAMBERT, 60,478.

Bred at Bowmont Farms, Va. Sire, Rioter of St. L. Jr., 56580 with many tested daughters. Dam, King's Rinora of St. L. 163512, withwith o cial test of 20 lbs., 2 oz. in seven days when only three years old. Address EVERGREEN FARMS, W. B. Gates. Prop. RICE DEPOT, VA.

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

803

Allandale Registered Jerseys

for sale;

LORD BUCKINGHAM 81711. Sire, Linden Fox 73420, a Grandson of the $7,500 Flying Fox. Dam, the Great Imported C«w ROSALIE OF QROUVILLE 197630. Born April 5, 1908.

An unusually nan Isome young bull, now readv for service, comb ning the acme of fashionable breeding along pre-eminent show and dairy lines with a perfect conformation and fine style. Broad and intelligent forehea 1 , a small muzzle; bright, prominent eyes; a perfe.t back line superb tail setting; rudimentaries well developed and beautifully placed.

A FEW SELECT COWS FOR SALE

Rich in the blood of Golden Fern's Lad, King Koffee, Imported Fox, Stoke Pogis of Prospect. Tormentor and other noted sires, and with calf to IMPORTED STOCK-W'E L, the sensational $11 500 00 bull: EMINENT'S GOLDMONT LAD, the w.nner of 14 blues and Championships and never beaten in the show ling, and the great young Golden Fern's Lad bull MONA'S HANDSOME FERN.

WE HAVE THE GOODS, AND WE PROPOSE TO MAKE PRICES TO GET THE BUSINESS

Allandale Farm, = Fredericksburg, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Hygeia Herd

Pure-Bred Holstein-Friesians

It is no more expensive to maintain a good bull at the head of your herd than a poor one, and the former is certainly worth many times his cost. Therefore, write for pedigree and price on one of the richly bred bulls which this herd now offers for sale.

Addrciai W. F. Carter, Jr., Agent. Crozet, Albemarle County, Virginia. w. Fltzhugh Carter, SI. D., Owner.

The breed holds the milk and butter records of the world; the herd embraces some

of its best families.

black pea has been sown than usual, as that leguminous friend of the farmer is coming more into general favor every year.

Several of the larger farmers let their stock harvest the pea crop at the right stage; others grow it entirely to renovate the land; still others grow it for forage; but too few are saving their own seed, hence the price which we have to pay for. the seed. This year the price has been all the way between $1.75 and $3 per bushel.

We grow it in a samll way, because our farm is small—only 20 acres—and only 10 acres in cultivation. Peter Henderson, long ago, said: "Ten acres is enough," and we are quite prepared to agree with him; as there is much labor required even on 10 acres.

We have sown the pea, in the corn at last working of the corn; sowing it ahead of the cultivator, and then sowed crimson clover behind the cultivator, depending upon the rains to bury the same. We have sown a portion of our land to the pea, for a large crop, and mixed in a little of the "Soy" bean with it to hold it up from the ground, as the "Soy," like the natives where it originated, has quite a bit of back bone; and when sown with the pea, keeps it up somewhat from the ground, so that it can be more easily cut with mowing machine or by hand.

We have also sown some of the seed in drills, to save our seed for next year, and have also planted a small portion in hills, for the same purpose using a little well composted stable manure under the latter just to see how the pea will respond to good treatment and stand up under a little prosperity.

The great question is how to cut, cure and save the crop both for the "long" and "short forage;" both of which are sadly needed in these days of extraordinary high prices prevailing for hay, oats, corn and all sorts of feed. We shall use the following simple method, which can be easily, cheaply and safely done by any one having a small crop to harvest, as the cost is practically nothing, and the idea is not patented.

We take 4 super-annuated bean poles, just because we happen to have them on hand, tie them together at the top, with a stout cord or short piece of wire, spread the butts of the

BIG MILKING, HIGH-GRADE: OR REGISTERED

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS

Are what the South needs. We furnish the kind that nil the pall every time they are milked. They are "mortgage lifters." Don't keep unprofitable scrubs. Send for free circular, "Cow Boarders."

We furnish cows that will give from 7 t» 10

| gals, per day and 5,000 IIto 6,000 qts. a year. *; We recently sold • Sweet Briar Institute, I? Sweet Briar, Va., a car | of high-grade Holsteln 1 Cows. Go and look at I them. They are fairly I representative of what | we offer.

■J We are responsible and furnish the highest Two "Mortgage Lifters"—Milk Records of 12,000 lbs. references. Each a Year.

All mail orders will receive the same attention as If personally selected. Write to-day stating wants.

mica, N. Y.

THE SYRACUSE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION,

THE HOLLINS HERD

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS

A WORKING HERD, WORKING EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR.

Holsteins are thhe BEST because.

Holsteins are larger and healthier than other dairy breeds;

Holsteins produce larger and healthier calves than other dairy breeds;

Holsteins yield more milk than other dairy breeds;

Holsteins yield more butter fat than other dairy breeds;

Holsteins produce milk that can be kept longer and shipped farther

than that of other dairy breeds; Holsteins produce milk more easily digested that that of other dairy

breeds; Holsteins are found in more countries, they occupy more territory and they probably produce more milk, cheese and butter than all otbers Combined. Registered Bull Calves Out of Heavy Producing Cows for sale. JOS. A. TURNER, Gen. Mgr., Holllns Institute, Va.

MEADOW FARM DAIRY

PURE BRED

Holstein-Friesians.

A WORKING HERD OF SEVENTY-FIVE REGISTERED COWS-ALL FIRST=CLASS

Young Males and Females for Sale.

Address J. P. TAYLOR,

l range, Virginia.

iy<)9.]

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER.

805

REGISTERED DUROC-JERSEYS.

Shipped on Approval

A Choice lot of pisr« now ready for delivery.

These pigs were farrowed early in May and at just three months old weigh from 80 to. 90 lbs. each, in farm condition. With good treatment they can easily be made to weigh when one year old from 400 to 500 lbs. each.

I give a positive guarantee with every pig I ship. You need not send money until after you receive the pigs and if they are not entirely satisfactory you can return them at my expense and it costs you nothing. Can only furnish a limited number of sows. Address

JOHN E. SHEPHERD, "Hill Crest,"

Charlottesville, Va.

poles about one foot apart each way, making a little pyramid, so to speak. We go to the nearby mill and secure, at no expense, except the hauling, short pieces or strips of waste lumber, about 5 feet in length. We nail 4 of these strips together in the form of a square, making the square large enough to fit the pyramid, just about a foot from the ground. These four boards project, about two feet each way, and up these projecting ends we stack the peas, in small forkfulls, building the miniature stack a foot or two higher than the top of the poles. Then, after it settles, top it off >n good shape and it will stand almost any kind of bad weather, until it is convenient or desirable to haul them in. The little stacks are off from the ground and there is an air chamber up the centre. The expense is practically nothing.

Until o?ie has learned by actual experience, he does not fully appreciate the value of the pea both for "long and short forage." It is truly and really the best friend the Southern farmer has. A liberal steady use of the same, will enable our farmers tc dispense largely with commercial fertilizers.

We do not mean hope or expect to get along entirely without the "fertilizer" or "manure in sacks;" but we can reduce that item of expense at least one-half, and double the productive capacity of our soil. The pea is a safe friend to tie to.

As we write, the rain is falling in a slow easy drizzle, and it seems as if the dry spell was broken.

A. JEFFERS.

Fairfax county, Va.

Campbell Co., V., May 26, '09. I could not do without the Southern Planter and think every farmer should have it in his home.

BOLING JONES.

100 SELECT

Duroc-Jersey Pigs

Our thirty brood sows have farrowed and we are now offering about one-half of our crop of pigs to the farmers for breeders. We are offering only the best of each litter, about the best four from each litter, guaranteeing to the purchaser the best and most thrifty pigs; the others we will convert into pork.

The thirty sows, the dams of the pigs offered, are exceptionally fine as individuals and in breeding. They were carefully selected for uniformity and high quality; they are large, growthy sows of the right type. _ t i

Our three herd boars are the equal of any, in fact three better boars would be hard to find, their breeding is the BEST.

Our farms contain about 1,000 acres and our hogs have free range over the best blue grass and clover pastures, nothing is kept in small lots or pens. Animals intended for breeders should be confined as little as possible.

The next year or two hogs are going to bring good money. Now is the time to get started. We can sell you any number, male or female and not akin. We guarantee satisfaction or return your money.

We HAVE the largest herd in the East. Buv where you have plenty to select from and make your own selection if possible, but if unable to do so and it is left to us, we will guarantee to please you.

WARREN RICE, Va«oHise Station. Virginia.

DUROC SWINE FOR SALE

One hundred and fifty pigs and shoats, bred sows and g-ilts and young boars and a few service boars for sale. Send for new circular and "Duroc Facts," just out. Before buying pigs, write us for quotations.

The Duroc is the most prolific and the most popular hog in America to-day. W e have the largest herd in the East and can furnish you any line of breeding desired, at reasonable prices.

LESLIE D. KLINE, Vauclnse, Va.

BILTMORE FARMS

4 CHOICE, HIGHLY BRED BULL CALVES OUT OF

OUTSTANDING COWS WITH GOOD

BUTTER TESTS.

A few Heifer Calves— the Biltmore kind. Bargain list of White Wyan-dottes and Brown Leghorns, and young Barred Blymouth Rocks, 190S hatch. For price list address

BILTMORE FARMS

R. F. D. 2, Biltmore, N. C.

THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER

[August,

ENQUIRERS' COLUMN.

All inquiries must reach us by the 15th of the month previous to the issue, or they cannot be answered until the month following.

Tennessee Phosphate Rock.

I always read Prof. Massey's article in your valuable paper, with great Interest. What he has to say in regard to Tennessee raw phosphate rock interests me mostly, because 1 have been thinking of using it in place of acid phosphate. He speaks of it being best when plenty of vegetable matter is in the soil. Would you advise using it on run down land, which I want to seed down with crimson clover this fall? If so, how much should be used per acre? Is it best to put the rook in the soil some time before seeding?

CHARLES G. DEISSNER.

Surry Co., Va.

Tennessee phosphate rock (Raw-phosphate), is giving excellent results on Virginia lands, but is much slower in set on than acid phosphate, unless there is an abundance oof vegetable matter in the soil when the humic acid of the decaying vegetable matter acts upon it like the sulphuric acid does upon me raw rock when it is being made into acid phosphate in the factory. If applied before the seeding of the crimson clover, it will act slo> in uiing that crop, but when the clover is turned down, will then become more available and greatly help the following crops. Apply from 300 to 500 pounds to the acre.—Ed

Johnson Grass. Can you inform your readers—myself among them—how to get rid o! "jiihn.- • Grass?" If you can, please set it forth in your valuable magazine NEW SUBSCRIBER. Charlotte Co., Va.

Johnson grass can be got rid of any where where there is sharp and con

OVERTON HALL FARM

NASHVILLE. TENN.

WILL SELL AT

PUBLIC AUCTION ON SEPT. 2nd

40 SELECTED BROOD SOWS AND BRED GILTS.

Every sow guaranteed to be safe in pig on the day sold or money refunded and in addition 10 open gilts and young boars. The most fashionable strains of Berkshires represented. Service boars, Champion O. H. F. Sensation and

his colleagues. For catalogues

ADDRESS

J. M. OVERTON

NASHVILLE

TENNESSEE

Someone is going to get a first-class Angus herd header at

SUNNY HOME FARM

this coming fall. Sire a Jilt, son of the great Erica bull Imported Equestor.

Dam sired by the world-famous Gay Blackbird (the sire of the $3,050 Gay Lad that was champion of America during 1895-96). Second dam, a Nosegay daughter of the great Beau Bill, champion during 1894 and sire of the dam of Vala, probably the most popular Angus female ever in the American Show Ring.

Imported Equestor's sire was Equestrian, one of the greatest bulls ever at •'Ballendalloch."

Don't wait for the other fellow to get this first class bull, the product of the greatest champions of two continents, but write and have him booked for you at once. Write

A. L. FRENCH, Owner,

Byrdville, Va.

ROSE DALE HERD ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE

We offer to the farmers and breeders of the East strictly choice Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. Many of them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Master II., of Meadow Brook; Gay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskie IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, Coquette X., Etc.

They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. Ct>me and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. We can please you. Angus cattle are our specialty. We raise no other stock but give them our undivided personal attention.

To avoid inbreeding we offer an exceptionally goed herd bull. Write for particulars. Address

ROSEDALE STOCK FARMS, JEFFERSONT0N, VA.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

807

Pure Bred SHEEP, HOGS

Cattle and Poultry

I am now prepared to ship promptly, Choice Ram and Ewe Lambs, Yearling and older Rams of the following breeds of Pure Bred Sheep:

Shropshire, Hampshire, Dorset, Southdown and Delaine.

Farmers, you should place your orders early, since prices will be higher in the fall.

I have an exhibition 200-pound Shropshire Ram as fine as they grow; price, $50; Registered.

Imported 4-year-old Minton Ram, $70, and he is a fine specimen of the Shropshire breed. Write to-day.

SPECIAL HOG BARGAINS.—300-lb. Duroc-Jersey Sow, with third litter of nine pigs, four weeks old; price of sow and pigs, $60. 200-lb. Duroc-Jersey Service Boar, not related to above sow, $25. Regis-

tered 250-lb. Berkshire Service Boar, a fine breeder, $30. Registered Three-year-old Poland-China Sow, bred to registered boar, none better bred; price, $50. Second litter Registered Poland China Sow, bred to registered boar; price, $40.

I have other young sows bred for first litters; also young Service Boars, and two-, three- and four-mouths'-old Pigs of the following breeds, and can ship promptly. BerkNhires, Poland-Chinas, Chester Whites, Yorkshires, Duroc-Jerseys, and Tamworths.

Address,

JAMES M. HOBBS

1521 Ml Royal Avenue, BALTIMORE, MD.

Pure Bred Poultry and Eggs for Sale at all Times.

tlnuous frost for a month in the winter, as the roots cannot stand freezing when exposed to the frost. In Virginia it should not be allowed to go to seed in the summer, but be cut for tiav v hen Rbout to come into bloom or a little before this time. It makes very fair hay, which stock will eat readily. When it is allowed to seed it soon gets spread over the farm and this is the way in which it is mostly spread in this State. After cutting it for hay then plow it up deep ly and throw the roots on to the top and keep them there through the winter by frequently harrowing the land with ^ sp'fee tooth or spring tooth harrow. After they have been frozen rake them off and burn and harrow again and rake off and burn. Then put the land in a hoed crop and dig out every plant of the grass which starts to grow in the crop. If necessary ijppn in a ho»d crop two years, and the trouble will be ended. In the further South it is very difficult to exterminate the grass on account of the absence of frost, but there the grass is in may section's the best hay grass they can grow, and if not allowed to seed, it can be confined to the field where it is supplying a need in the way of hay.—Ed.

Moore's Brook Berkshire Herd

FOR SALE—HERD BOARS, BRED Sows; best lot of Spring Pigs we have ever raised; all pigs prize winners or through descendants. Come and see them or send us your mail order. It will receive our best attention.

MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM CO., Charlottesville, Va.

HILL TOP STOCK

We have for sale a limited number of Yearling Southdown and Shropshire Bucks, and some good barn Lambs of each of the above breeds.

Have also a few good Berkshire Pigs.

Have some fine Fox Hound Puppies (of pure Walker strain).

We are prepared, too, to furnish a few Yearling Bucks of either Hampshire or Oxford breeds, at as low a price as same class of bucks can be sold anywhere.

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, SHADWELL, VIRGINIA.

Seeding Crimson Clover.

When is the best time for seeding crimson clover on light sand soil in Eastern North Carolina? The land is now in corn and peas. Also, what nnantitv per acre? The land was limed last summer. Will it require any extra fertilizer? If so, what analysis would you recommend?

W. M. CORBETT.

Sampson Co., N. C.

You can seed it in the cowpeas from July to September and it will do well unless the peas are a very heavy crop. If this be the case, then let the peas die down before seeding the clover and sow it in the fallen vines.

Milton Farm Berkshires

Herd Boars—Premier of Milton 113579; Duke of Kensington, 83046.

Pigs from 8 weeks to 6 months, $10 and upwards. Mated pairs, $18 and upwards.

JOHN E. MUNCASTER,

R. F. D. No. 4. ROCKVILLE, MD.

YOPG REGISTERED HACKNEYS

FOR SALE.

Two Registered Hackney Fillies, sired by General II., color, chestnut, two and three years old, respectively; and one Handsome Registered Hackney Stallion, by Hedrick (no kin to the fillies). These animals are especially breedy, well formed, and a good size for their ages. Address— T. O. SANDY, BURKEVILLE, VA.

Always mention The Southern Planter when writing advertisers.

Tell the advertiser where you saw .his advertisement.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

If the peas are cut for hay, then disc the land and sow the crimson clover and narrow in lightly. Sow fifteen pounds of seed per acre; or, if sowr late, sow twelve pounds of crimson clover seed and three pecks of wheat, oats and rye mixed in equal parts. This will protect the clover and ensure a cover for the land if the clover be winter killed. Two hundred and fifty pounds of acid phosphate per acre will help the clover.—Ed.

Making Cider Vinegar.

Can you tell me in the next number of The Southern Planter how I can make apple cider turn to vinegar. I have two lots of cider, one three years old, and the other two, and it is now simply very hard cider.

Fairfax Co., Va. ANXIOUS.

Write to the Director of the Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va., and ask him to send you the Bulle tins they have published on Cider Vinegar Making These will give you the information you desire.—Ed.

Grass and Corn Growing in Albemarle County, Virginia.

I want to know what your advice would be for fertilizing that chocolate Albemarle county, Virginia, loam so as to produce five tons of grass and one hundred bushels of corn per acre.

I see a lot in the trade papers about four to six tons of grass per acre and from one hundred to one hundred and fifty bushels of corn. It seems to me that if this is possible it is merely a question of dollars and cents. If the increased crops amount to more dollars than the cost of producing it is a good proposition. If it is the other way, it is not. C. E. BLUE.

Albemarle Co., Va.

I have farmed successfully in Albemarle, but never made five tons of grass hay per acre, even on the fertile bottoms of Meechums River, and I have serious doubts about five tons of grass hay being made anywhere unless at a cost that would exclude the matter of profit. But that good crops of hay and even one hundred bushels -of corn can be made on Albemarle lands I have no doubt.

But it will not be done with commercial fertilizers, and no matter how much of these you may put. on a piece of run down land you will not get it productive all at once. When I was farming in Albemarle I was told that it was absolutely necessary to keep the steep hills in grass as long as possible to prevent their washing away. But I looked around me and I saw many fields that had not been broken for a generation and were full of deep gullies that had started on cattle tracks, and I came to the conclusion that I would practice a shorter rotation, plow deep and subsoil deeper, and get good grass, and would turn it while still good to get fibrous material into the soil to prevent wash-

THE P. & A. MOUTH SPECULUM

HAND

FORGED

Simplest, Strongest, Safest.

Capable of sustaining Immense pressure—two sets of dental plates— Interchangeable—Introduced like ordinary bit—Can not possibly close of its own acord, or by Jerking of the animal's head—Easily taken apart — weighs about four pounds. Price, Net, $9.00.

Write for catalogue of Veterinary Instruments, also catalogues of "Easy to Use" Instruments for cattle, for the horse, etc.

POWERS $ ANDERSON, Inc.. 30 N. 9th St., RICHMOND, Va. 3

VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, SURGICAL. SUPPLIES, ETC.

EXCELLENT

SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS.

By the Scotch tapped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by th» old reliable breeders, P. S. Lewis tc Son, as the best bull ever bred oa their farm) by the International winner, Frantic Lad, sea of The Lad fer Me, champion ef Arirerlca in 1909. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows.

Pure Tearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senater, a prise winrrer la Canada aa a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Drummead, the foremost Southdown breeder In America.

R. J. HANCOCK * SON, "HllersUe," CharlotteavlUe, Ta>-

JERSEYS and BERKSHIRES.

Sows bred due to farrow in September. A few fresh cows and some due to fresh in September. Nice lot S. C. B. Leghorn Cockerels and Pullets for sale.

RIVER VIEW FARM, C. M. BASS, Proprietor, Rice Depot, Virginia.

FLY REMOVER saved $75.00

In Milk for a Customer who used it

On Five Cows In 90 Days

Kills and keeps off animals; Flies. Mosquitoes Ticks, Lice and Insects. Cows give 23 per cent more milk, as they are protected and feed quietly all day. Horses work and drive better. Hogs and poultry are free from lice. Used for years by same dairyman No Gad Flies or Warbles if it is used.

*nAf»io| 3f..naV f)ffor 1 K al - 11.00, 3 gal. $2.75, 6 gal. $4.1>6. 10 gal. $8.00, 25 gal. $18.00, 60 pL 0p06iai *U«ua» VIIOI | 32 .i)0. Hand eprayer to apply 11, 6fio. 4-gal. compressed air oprayer and whitewasher for applying in largo dairies, $5.00. 1 gal. will protect 30(1 cowb. Money returned If animals are not promoted. Terms Cash. Booklet Frea. Rippley fllfg. Co., Dept. V, Grafton, III.

SMITH SHOCK BINDER

Patented July 16. 1907. Saves Labor, Time and Corn.

REFERENCES: Planters National Bank, Richmond, Va.

Far in the lead of all competitors for effectiveness, simplicity, durability, handi-ness and cheapness. Made of the best wood, steel and Maniila Rope.- and will last for yeara- ONLY ONE MAN required to operate it, and he alone «an bind a shock a minute. Saves binder twine and your corn shocks will not fall or be blown down, or set wet inside. No farmer can afford to be without this Labor Saving: Implement. One day's use will pay for it. Order the Binder TODAY, and if you are not satisfied, return it. and we will refund your money.

Sent express prepaid for $1.75. Affents wanted.

THE SMITH SHOCK BINDER CO., RICHMOND. VA.

Nottoway Co., Va., April 26, '09. I have been greatly benefitted by the Southern Planter and enjoy reading same. MATHEW SMITH.

Mercer Co., W. Va., April 19, '09. I never fail to put in a good word for the Southern Planter. I could not farm without it. H. B. BARBOD.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

809

BLACK-DRAUGHT

Birdwood Farm Percherons

IMPORTED AND HOME BRED MARES AND STALLIONS

We have the right kind; big, heavy= boned horses. : -

Our stud includes mares up to 2,200 pounds in weight.

Come and select what you want. Salesman always on the farm.

YEARLING COLTS,

MARES OR STALLIONS

AT

$2QOto$300

PRICES ON MARES

FROM $375 to $1,OOQ

COLORS

BLACKS & GREYS

All Stock Registered In Percheron Society of America

GAULATTE 48947 (71858) 1st prize 2-year-old mare, International 1908.

BIRDWOOD STOCK FARM, Birdwood, Albemarle County,Va. ffia

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[Augusi

ing, keeping the land in cultivation but one season and then with a sown crop back to grass and clover. 1 broke steep hills of poverty grass, and subsoiled in the fall and got the finest stand of grass with oats that had been seen in the neighborhood and no new gullies formed but old ones checked. Now, if you will follow a good short rotation on theso Albemarle lands you can finally make one hundred bushels of corn per acre, and on upland, too, for that red clay is all soU down to the fast rock if you get it aerated and sweetened. They told me that lime was not needed on that soil, but I used carloads from the Valley and got fine results from it, making clover on rocky hills as heavy as on the bottom lands. What is needed is not extravagant expenditure that will make crops cost more than they are worth, but systematic farming to make the soil pay its way to better things. I would not be afraid to break any of the steep hills of Albemarle once in four years for a hoed crop following a sod, for the more frequently a good sod is turned down the more humus making material you get in the soil, and with a soil well filled with organic decay and deeply plowed and subsoiled every time it is broken the less it wi 1 ! be inclined to wash. Of course,, there are level bottom lands on which I do not think subsoiling will do much good and only a deep turning is needed. I would practice on the uplands a rotation somewhat like this: Beginning with corn on a turned sod in the fall on which crimson clover seed has been sown, or even rye, as a winter cover, I would, of course, replow in the spring and plant corn and disc the land fine on the surface, but would not replow deeply after the corn, and would sow wheat with ten pounds of timothy per acre. In early spring 1 would sow ten pounds of medium red clover per acre. After the rag weeds start on the stubble, I would mow the whole over to give the clover a chance, and the following spring wou'd spread twenty-five bushels of lime per acre on the clover before growth starts and run a smoothing harrow over. Mow the grass and clover two seasons and the second season get out in fall and winter or any time after the grass is cut all the manure you can make. I should have said that on the wheat the only crop I would use any fertilizer on I would apply four hundred pounds per acre of acid phosphate only. Then, after manuring a sod, I would repeat the rotation, beginning again with corn. I would not pasture any of the cultivated fields, but would have a standing pasture. I would aid the hills if I had some good bottom land by planting corn on the bottom for silage and sowing crimson clover among it, cut this for hay and turn again for silage corn every year and get forage and feed for stock to make manure for the uplands. Feeding stock

The Hotel CHELSEA

WEST TWENTY-THIRD ST., NEW YORK Absolutely Fireproof European Plan

Room, with use of bath

Room, with private bath

Suites—Parlor, bedroom and bath

and upward

$1.50 2.00 3.50

HThe Hotel Chelsea may be reached from the Pennsylvania, Lackawanna, Erie, Reading Baltimore and Ohio, and Jersey Central railroad stations, all at foot of West 23d Street, by cab or electric car direct in five minutes. West 23d Street, New York, ferries land passen gers at Hoboken near steamship piers.

c<«sbSILO filling

MACHINERY

Made in sizes to suit all wants. SOLD ON THEIR OWN MERITS. Buy them, try them, and only then do we expect / pm £-v settlement.

YEARS EXPERIENCE

Largest manufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the world.

ROSS CUTTERS ARE GUARANTEED.

Write to-day for -FREE Catalog.

The E W. ROSS CO., Box 16 Springfield, Ohio.

We do not ask for cash with order, because Ross Machines for the past 59 years have proved beyond the expectation of every purchaser.

EXPERIENCE MAKES PERFECT.

Every buyer of a Ross outfit is a satisfied customer.

Our catalogue

shows the most

complete line of

Silo Filling Machinery on

the market. Don't forget the

ROSS SILO

fk

1909.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

811

ilBJ

RICH, ^ALL-WOOL $20 SUITS DIRECT TO YOU AT ONLY $10

Furnished in the cool summer weights or the new Fall styles and materials. Strictly hand tailored. Guaranteed to bo every thread pure wool, and only wool. Individual in style and design. Cut and made to fit you perfectly. Equal or better than the suits others charge you $20.00 to $25.00 for. For years we have worked to make these suits perfect. Our factory has solved the clothes problem. To-day, thousands of farmers, business men, doctors, 'awyers, bankers and others are wearing them, and are highly pleased.

Many Choice Styles

You may select your suit here from dozens of the very best styles and materials to be found In the land. All colors and all shades lliat dressers call for. And it matters n't what style or color or fabric you decide to buy, we give you an Iron-clai guarantee that ;t wil he pure vvooi, a perfect fit, and make you a suit that you will be proud to wear on any occasion.

Some of our specials are Worsteds, Cassimers, Mixtures, Plaids, Stripes and other rich varieties.

Write for Samples

We want you to see free samples of these suits. We want yr.u to examine them closely. compare them with suits that others sell for $20.00 to $25.00. Note Hie fine shades. Then decide for yourself if there is any reason xvhy j ou should keep on paying the other fellow two prices when we offer you such values.

Bear in mind, that we stand ready to give your money- bark If you are not entirely satisfied. Ask any bank or reliable hus-ness house in this city about our responsibility and record for fulfilling every promise made.

So write us to-day f.>r free samples If you want Write a new summer ser.^e or some other cool suit let us

To-daV supply you at once. If vou do not wish to buv before

Fall, then get the samples now, and be ready. Wa also send full instruction for ordering so as to get a perfect lit.

American Clothing Stores Co.

418 East Broad Street Dept. A Richmond, Va.

and making manure lie at the foundation of all good farming. Practice some such rotation and you will find the crops increasing annually and finally you will be able to get heavy crops of grass and corn and wheat on these "chocolate Albemarle county lands."—W. F. Massey.

Rotation of Crops for Improving Land. I was raised on the farm, but have not farmed for years and would like to have some information such as 1 am sure I can get through the columns of your valuable journal. I read after Mr. Massey and see that he goes into other sections and instructs and encourages farmers in their work, but never hear of his being in this section, where people make two barrels (ten bushels) of corn to the acre. Tell him this is where he is needed. The weak man needs the doctor and not the strong man.

ATLAS (

Makes The Best Concrete

D CEMENT

The cement bought by the U.S. Government for tne Panama Canal

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOK "Concrete Construction about the

Home and on the Farm." Contains over 100 drawings and illustrations.

THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., Dept. 116 30 Broad Street, N.Y.

Daily output over 40,000 barrels, the largest in the world.

Ground Phosphate Rock

Superior to Bone or Acid Phosphate for Alfalfa and Clover, and at one-fourth the cost. See editorial, June issue this paper, "Alfalfa In Eastern Virginia."

FARMERS' UNION PHOSPHATE CO., BIRMINGHAM, ALA.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER

[August,

I have on my farm two special lots that I wish to ask your advice for the coming year.

Lot No. 1. Seven acres in peanuts this year; expect one hundred bags. For corn 1910. Can cover with compost in early spring as per Mr. Hicks' formula in February Planter, page 109. Look at that and tell me if that is practical or guess-work. I have an abundance of woods trash. When and how would you mix? When and how much would you put on land? In this corn I would like to sow cow-peas, shock corn as early as it would do, disc down peas and sow in crimson clover about middle of September, graze, and turn in clover, and follow with peanuts. Is that a good plan? If not, tell me what is best. I will have barn yard manure enough to cover that lot, but want to use it under trucks, rape, etc.

Lot No. 2. Five acres in peanuts this year. I would like to get clover on that this fall. Is 15th of October too late to sow? Land is medium light and fair condition. Follow clover in spring with soy beans; plant in corn following year, and then treat as Lot No. 1.

A word about corn. Can I grow Cocke's Prolific on medium light upland after it has been acclimated? i want to improve my land and plant the best corn and plant fewer peanuts, raise more hogs and cattle, make more money and do less work. It is my aim to build a silo next summer. I am not in the habit of writing for print, but would love to have the information asked for and will appreciate any suggestion.

I am sending you in another package a plant that came up among some Oregon winter vetch that I sowed last fall. The vetch was no good; did not grow hardly at all, and yet this plant on the same land which was poor grew to be thirty-six inches in height. I had three plants and saved what seed I could, leaving a ppd or two for you to examine. Is the plant of value as a land improver or feed?

NEW FARMER.

Isle of Wight Co., Va.

Certainly, some one is needed where the land only makes ten bushels of corn per acre and twenty-five bags of peanuts. That is, if you mean bush els when you say bags, but I suppose you mean the large sacks.

Lot No. 1 now in peanuts. The peanuts have probably had some phos phate and, like other legumes, they will leave some nitrogen in the soil, though not so much as other legumes since all are taken up. Now, it seems to me that the cultivation of peanuts is a fine preparation for wheat or winter oats, and I would follow them with a sown crop rather than another hoed crop like corn. After the oats or wheat you can sow cowpeas on the land and cut them for hay, and then on the stubble sow

Thomas Phosphate

(Basic Slag)

in SI

.Mini received a pnrt cargo nt Norfolk, Va. Guaranteed to analyze TOTAL PHOSPHORIC ACID, 20 PER CENT.

Containing:

I .line 35 to 50 Per Cent.

Magnesia 5 to (t Per Cent.

Iron 13 to 14 Per Cent.

Manganese 7 to 9 Per Cent.

The grade is high—the price Is low.

THE BEST PHOSPHATE FOR GRASSS AND SMALL. GRAIN.

WRITE FOR OUR FREE PAMPHLET.—"A Remarkable Fertilizer, Basic Slag

Its Uses."

ft

I P tor

-1 I till

I His

soon

FERTILIZER MATERIALS

Nitrate of Potash Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash Nitrate of Soda

H. G. Dried Blood Dried Fish

THE C0E=M0RTIMER CO.

CHARLESTON, S C.

Lee's Prepared Agricultural Lime

The great crop grower and land improver. Never fails when properly used to give perfect satisfaction. It prevents rust and scab on wheat and oats, and insures a good stand and growth of clover or other grasses.

Lee's Special Wheat Fertilizer

Grows in favor and sales every season. We hear of no rust or scab, but all say the crop is increased eight to ten bushels of wheat, of fine quality, and they have fine stands of clover or other grass.

Imported Thomas Basic Slag

This valuable fertilizer is used almost exclusively in Europe on fall crops, such as grasses and turnips as well as grain. It has several advantages over our phosphate. It is insoluble in water, and being much heavier than the soils, is not washed away by h»avy rains, but remains where distributed until dissolved by the humic acid of the roots of plants. It also contains forty to fifty per cent, of free lime. Its lasting results make it a cheap as well as good fertilizer.

Lee's High Grade Bone and Potash

Foi

This

■ lies

I

I lira

For potatoes, cabbage and other crops. Plaster, Agricultural Lime, carload or less.

—Manufactured By—

Constantly on hand Land

A. S. LEE & SON'S COMPANY, Richmond, Va.

SEND FOR CIRCULARS, DEPARTMENT "A."

When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

813

SU|

t),

crimson clover, and in the Bpring, after applying all the manure you can raise to the land, turn the clover tu. corn and then sow crimson clover in the fall among the corn and turn thit in spring for peanuts, applying to the peanuts a liberal dressing of Basic-slag, phosphate and muriate of potash. The Basic slag will furnish you phosphoric acid and lime and the potash will tend to prevent pops. Follow this sort of a rotation and you will soon rind that you need to buy no ammonia and will make more peanuts and will soon get more corn, and fin ally, by keeping it up, you can make heavy crops of corn. Hauling woods trash is a laborious way to get humus. Far better depend on the peas and clover and the feeding of these to stock, ior no matter what a man's money crop is the feeding of live stock of some sort is the foundation oi farm improvement. No man who farms right with the crops of your section need ever buy any ammonia or nitro gen, but can increase it in his soil through growing legumes and feeding them. I would apply such a rotation to the entire farm.

You can sow crimson clover on lot No. 2 if you wish after the peanuts are lifted and stacked out of the way. It will be a little late, I suppose, bui I have made a good stand in North Carolina sown November 1st. But 1 would prefer to sow in September. Your plan would make a rather com plicated rotation and it would be bet ■Br to divide your farm into three parts and use the rotation I have sug-■ gested. Oregon vetch is simply the common winter vetch that grows al over the South.—W. F. Massey.

*>;■■

si'Si

nucl

ialns ants.

si;li<

Lao;

nt»

Rotation System—Red Clover.

For several years I have been sowing all stubble each summer in peas. This is no small or easy job where one sows much small grain. It comes at the busy season of the year and when it is hot and hard on stock to turn land (and ; t does not pay to sow peas without good preparation and fer tilizer). And when it is a wet summer as this has been—it rained here eighteen days in June and five so far (Ju'y 10th) in this month—one can hardly spare the time from other crops. Then, to grow or buy peas for sowing; each year and purchase each I spring in advance acid phosphate are other considerable obstacles to growing peas as the only source of hay,

All of this, and especially the busy and hot season, when they must be sown, have put me to ruminatation, as Bill Arp used to say. I want something that will reseed itself. Red clover will grow here. Some of our red clay hills have been sown to wheat, then peas, till they produce right well and now have a good dea 1 of humus in the soil. They are now in peas. I am thinking of gett : ns al' tne manure out on this stubble this fad and winter till about the 20tb of January, and then sow in oats.

Plain Talks on Fertilizers

Increasing and Safeguarding the Wheat-Crop

regard for the

The use of commercial fertilizers on the wheat crop is yearly becoming more general—proof enough that it pays, and pays well.

Too many farmers, however, use fertilizers without du

special needs of their soils. Often they buy the cheapest grades. Or they use very small quantities.

That such unscientific use of fertilizers has proved profitable indicates what it can accomplish for wheat grow-rntertiiized ers if u s e d more carefully and intelligently.

The best way to learn just what fertilizers will pay you best is to make com

parative tests on a >' TFerui&r^

„ , v , KMrginlaQiroli na]

small scale with your j^chemj^aj

soils — then use a

sufficient amount and you will undoubtedly increase not only the average yields, but your profits as well.

Write to the Virgin ia - Carolina Chemical Company for its uized new Year Book or Almanac, a costly 130 page book, written by government and private experts. It shows how and why you can increase your crops three or four fold by following modern a g ri c u 1 -tural methods. A postal to any of the Company's offices given below

will bring a Fertilized

copy by mail free of charge.

VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CO.

Richmond, Va. Norfolk, Va.

Durham. N. C. Charleston, S. C.

Columbia, S. C. Baltimore, Md. Atlanta, Ga. Columbus. Ga. Savannah, Ga. Montgomery, Ala. Memphis, Tenn. Shreveport, La.

ALCOHOLISM CURED

No Experiment.

Alcoholism, Morphine and other drug addictions cured in from four to six weeks. 28,years successful experience.

Write for our booklet.

"What do You Drink" The Keeley Institute.

GREENSBORO. N. C.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

Then a little later sow clover and harrow in with weeder. Cut oats for hay just as grain is milk stage and leave clover to come on. Would oats for this purpose tax the land less and be more favorable to the clover than wheat? Wheat would have to be sown in early November and would make, therefore, ranker growth. And the same applies to the oats sown in January rather than in September or October.

There are some rag weed and crab grass. Would these interfere with growth of the young clover?

Land to be thus treated I am not particular to get any returns from for two years, but wish to get more humus and thoroughly stocked with clover seed. Then grow clover two years, wheat one year, and so on, with an occasional corn crop. WiU this plan work without reseeding the clover? Do you know any better plan for one who has too much land and yet wants to keep it all up without having each year to work over several times each field?

C. C. GETTYS. '

Rutherford Co., N. C.

Red clover should do very well in your elevated section, and if it does then you have no better legume crop. But I would not sow oats in January. I had rather put the land into some such rotation as this: Corn, with peas sown among it at last working. Corn cut and shocked and the peas disced down thoroughly and winter oats sown in September, and red clov er seed sown at same time after tne oats. After the oats are cut and the rag weed starts, mow the stubble clean and leave the trash on the land. Mow the clover two seasons and then manure the land and turn for corn again. In this way yon will get all the benefit on the land from the peas and win not have the summer plowing to do.—W. F. Massey.

Share Farming.

As other subscribers have been so much benefitted by your sound advice, T am going to ask you to help me out.

Am single, twenty-four years of age, and have recently come into possession of a four hundred acre farm, valued at $20,000. I have three work horses, all necessary farming imnle ments. including modern corn, potato and tobacco planters, etc. The farm is fenced with hoe: tight fencing, the land i« very nroductive. three hundred acres hpine: cleared and situated in as pood a farm'ng belt as there is in this State. Tt is onlv fourteen miles from Washington, D. C.

I Tnfortunatelv. I have not sufficient oanitM to run the place alone and am forced to set some one to so in on shares with me. T have fiftv head of pood sheen, now have sixteen head of beef cattle. Will live on the place rnvself. devoting mv entire time to its working and management.

The Lesson

of the 1909

Wheat Crop

/ in this country is: Not enough of the right kind •j of wheat at the right time to get the right price. The trouble is: wheat-sick lands, lands worn out by continued cropping without fertilizing.

^ The remedy is: the right amount of the right kind

1 of fertilizer at the right time. The right time is this Fall: the right amount is 200 to 400lbs. to the acre: the right kind is 2-8-6. If your commercial fertilizer contains less than 6 percent, of Potash, make it right by adding Muriate of Potash until it contains 6 per cent, and you'll find that

POTASH PAYS

Two pounds of Potash added to each 100 pounds of fertilizer increases the Potash total one per cent. Send for literature about soil, crops, manures and fertilizers practical books compiled by experts. Mailed on request, free.

GERMAN KALI WORKS, 1224 Candler Bldg., Atlanta, Oa.

New Vork-93 Nassau St. »\\\| Cbicago-Monadnock Block

4" 4

,*

that is Nature's own provision for wheat crop—one which contains ingredients that the chemists have never been able to put into fertilizer. It is genuine old

Peruvian Guano

Old farmers of Virginia and the Carolina's recall the splendid crops grown with Peruvian Guano years ago. No fertilizer discovered has ever equaled it tor producing enormous yields.

Your land probably needs just such a soil improver. Order one or two tons and compare the results with those from any commercial fertilizer.

Write for prices, and full information.

Agencies still open in some localities.

Peruvian Guano Corporation,

Richmond, Va. Charleston, S. C.

TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE TOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT.

Til K SOI'TIIKRX PLANTER.

815

Our principal crops are corn, tobac co, wheat, rye, oats and a few truck crops.

Whit would be the best division of crops to be fair to both myself and the tenant? I am to furnish all incidental expenses, tools, machines, three horses, good house, firewood, etc., and one-half all seed potatoes, rye, oats, all the lime and commercial fertiizer that is to be furnished; two thirds all seed wheat. We usually put in about fifty acres of wheat, ten acres of rye, five acres of cats, ten acres of potatoes, 35,000 tobacco plants, and other small crops.

I propose that the tenant furnish three horses, all necessary food, all necessary labor, keey the fencing, etc., in good condition, and sow about twenty acres in cowpeas, to furnish one-half all seed, but one-third of wheat. He is to get one half of all crops raised, including hay, but only one-third wheat. The labor will cost him about $800 a year, and is already on the farm in good houses. Am 1 allowing tenant too much to let me out all right, and can you suggest a better agreement? Thanking you in advance for your much needed help, I am, Yours loyal subscriber,

F. D.

The matter of arranging a tenant system for every one is difficult. The most successful system I know of, and one that has been eminently successful, is where the system of cultiva tion and the rotation of crops is laid down in the contract. The tenant owns all stock and implements and puts these against the farm and residence and other perquisits. He pays for half the fertilizers and lime, half the seed, and shares half. He owns the stock and has all he can make on them, being requried to feed all hay and fodder on the place and never sell any. and the farm takes its pay in the manure, which must be saved in the best manner and applied to the land by the tenant. Farms under this system have greatly improved and landlords and tenants have made money. Where both landlord and ten hnt furnish as nearly half the expense as practicable, if there is profit for one there must be profit for the other. Men have become millionaires in buying farms and renting them in this way.

One of the best systems in this S f ate was made by the late William McKinney. of Queens county, Maryland, who left an estate of between forty and fifty farms. You can get particulars by writing to the Manager of the McKinney Farms, Centreville. Maryland.—W. F. Massey.

Seeding to Grass. I have twenty five acres, which 1 wish to get into permanent meadow Five acres of these were in rye, which was plowed under; seven acres ha^ the rvp mowed down and left on the ground. Seven acres were ia winter

Real Free Trial of This

Waterloo Boy

A Square-Deal Stringless Offer

that you can accept without risk. Take the engine—test it thoroughly for 130 days after receiving it, until you've proved by actual work on your I farm that the Waterloo Boy is the engine for you. If not satisfied, send it (back at our expense.

I You can't get better or cheaper help for your work than the Waterloo Boy [Gasoline Engine. Saws as much wood per day as eight men—does all ■the odd jobs on the farm—saves you time, money, work—and costs you just |5c a day. The Waterloo Boy has stood a test of 17 years' hard service.

Guaranteed 5 Years

llt'll last a lifetime. So simple anyone can operate it; economical—fuel used only when \work is being done; the lightest engine ^made per horse power—easily moved, i from place to place; a perfectly made.

strong, safe engine that'll give years of hard service and never balk in any weather. Let us show you why the Waterloo Boy is the best all-round engine for farm work. Send for catalog and our real free trial offer.

Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co.

205 West Third Ave. Waterloo, Iowa,

Horace L. Smith

General Agent 24 Bollingbrook St.

Petersburg, Va

ESTABLISHED I860.

<£

TREES!

1,200 ACRES.

1&

We are wholesale growers •( Brat clan anraery atock of all kinds, Frmit, Shade, Ornamental Treen, Shrubbery. Hedgea, Small Prnlta, etc., Aaparagaa, strawberries, and California Privet in large quantities.

The BEST 1* the CHEAPEST. Ours Is the CHEAPEST because it ia tha BEST. Handling- Dealers' orders a specialty. Catalogue free.

FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY COMPANY.

Baltimore, Maryland.

..ELMWOOD NURSERIES,.

WE ARE GROWERS AND OFFER A FINE ASSORTMENT OF

APPLES,

CHERRIES,

NECTARINES,

GOOSEBERRIES,

RASPBERRIES,

ORNAMENTALS,

PEACHES, PLUMS,

GRAPE VINES. STRAWBERRIES, ASPARAGUS, SHADE TREES. WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

PEARS.

\PRICOTS,

CURRANTS,

DEWBERRIES,

HORSERADISH,

HEDGE PLANTS,

J.B.WATK1NS & BRO, Midlothian, Va.

TI1K SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

oats, which winter killed, but has been followed oy volunteer red top, which has given a ton of good hay to the acre. The remaining six acres have not been worked for two years.

My soil is decomposed gneiss and granite, and timothy and clover are not successes on it, unless highly ma mired. Orchard grass has proven pref erable, while red top would cover the grounu, but for a pest grass. Natur ally, 1 turn to orchard grass for m\ meadow. How and when shall I sow it? Shall I mix it with red top o; ocher grass that matures with the orcharu grass?

I used three hundred pounds of acic phosphate and twenty-five pounds mu riate of potash on cowpeas. Wha fertilizer, if any, shall I put on m: orchard grass sowing?

Alexandria Co., Va.

R. S. LACEY.

In this issue, in tue article on Work for the Month, you will find advice as to seeding grass, which, if you wil) follow, you will, we think, succeeci in getting a stand. We would sow red top with the orchard grass and also some meadow fescue. Orchan grass, whilst a very valuable hay grass when cut at the proper time. has a habit of growing in bunches and should have some other grass sown with it to fill up. The herds grass and meadow fescue will do this We would use bone meal as the fer tilizer, or a mixture of bone meal and acid phosphate in equal parts, say. four hundred pounds to the acre. If no lime has been applied to the land, then fifty pounds of muriate of pot ash to the acre should also be ap plied. In the spring, after the grass starts to grow freely, top dress with nitrate of soda—one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds per acre.—Ed.

Seeding to Grass—Alaska Wheat.

I have a piece of land that I wish to sow in grass seed this fall. Would like to have your advice about how to manage it; when to sow; what kind and all about it.

The land is a low, black soil, in clined to be wet, though not too wet for grass. It has been in wid or native grasses for several years and has always made very good grass until three or four years ago the broom sedge began to smother out the other grasses. Last year it was mostly broomselge; I plowed the land early in the spring and intended to sow it in peas, but have not gotten to sow them yet on account of the continue'! wet weather. Will sow them yet, if the weather admits. I wish to mow the grass and not pasture it. Would like to sow it in grass that I can mow next season if possible. Would you advise sowing crimson clover seed on poor land that has not been inoculated? Some say it will not pay to sow it at all unless the soil has been inoculated previous to sowing the seed.

,/> s >

THE LITTLE SAMPSON ENGINE and BOILER

The best engine made—simple efficient and powerful. Runs any kind of farm machinery—just the thing for wheat threshers and peanut pickers. Mechanically perfect, and develops 5 H. P. (Guaranteed.) Every part guaranteed against defects.

Write for full information about this unusual offer. Agents Wanted.

STRATTON & BRAGG CO.,

Dept D PETERSBURG, VA., TJ.S.A,

The Real Thing in a Farm Power

Use Steam. Not complicated or always getting out of order. Something: you can understand and get service out of. Steam is the power for the farm as well 1 as for the shop and factory and farmers are fast finding it out.

LEFFEL

STEAM ENGINE

and save disappointment. No coaxing and tinkering, wasting hours of time trying to "make it go." Sure, powerful, economical. Remember, Left el engines are built for service, not merely to sell. Styles and sizes to suit all purposes. Book free. Send for it before you buy any engine.

| James Leffel & Company ^^Box 238 Springfield, Ohio

When corresponding- with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

817

I saw an article in a paper printed ac Lexington, North Carolina, concern ing a new variety of wheat called Alaskan wheat. A farmer near tnai place says he has an acre of it sowed on his place. He says he purchased a bushel of the wheat last fall, paying $15.25 for same, and sowed it last election day on the poorest land he had, using a low-grade fertilizer and only using one hundred and fifty pounds on the acre. When this arti cle was written he said the wheat ws six feet high and still growing. He said he was satisfied the one acre would make fifty bushels of wheat, if it did as well as it looked like it would then. The paper stated that the man brought half a dozen heads to their office and they said they were three times as large as our common wheat. He says the wheat has been advertised as a fraud, but that it is not a fraud at all, as he has the wheat there to show for itself. I have not heard anything more about it since the above was written. Do you know anything concerning the wheat? Do you think it is a fraud or not? Yadkin Co., N. C. P. W. EVANS.

In this issue, in the article Work for the Month, you will find advice as to seeding grass. In your case we would seed Italian rye grass, red top and red clover. We would not now sow the cowpeas, but commence at once the preparing of the land for grass and get it into the finest order possible. The Italian rye grass, red top and red clover should make yoi; a fine meadow on this low land. Sow one bushel of Italian rye grass, one bushel of red top, and ten pounds of clover.

Yes; we would sow the crimson clover. Whilst it does not always make a heavy growm on land on which none of the clovers have pre viously been grown, yet it almost always makes a sufficient growth to pay for the cost of seeding and gives something for improving the land, when plowed down and inoculates the land so that at the next seeding a good stand is certain.

The Alaskan wheat is a fraud. We thoroughly investigated this a yeai or two ago and satisfied ourselves that it was not as represented. The wheat is a poor milling wheat and no one wants it when grown, and the yield is nowhere near the representations made. We published these facts at the time.—Hid.

Grazing Pastures.

In your next issue please give your views on the following:

On a pasture of tame and wild grasses would it strengthen the grass plants and tend to thicken and perpetuate pasture by grazing it off moderately close from time to time, or would it be best to let it grow throughout the spring and summer without grazing, supposing we could spare the pasture and considering the

Let An LHX. Gasoline Engine Be Your Handy Man

THERE is no season of the year when an I. H. C. engine will not be of use to you. Many times it will take the place of a hired man and save you a hired man's wages, It will make easy jobs out of the hard jobs. It will enable you to get more and better service out of your other farm machines. Don't let the item of first cost keep you from owning a faithful, dependable helper which

Works for You at from 25c to 40c a Day

Many a time an I. H. C engine will save the hiring of a man at from $1.50 to $2.00 a day.

That is repaying the first cost rapidly.

I. H. C gasoline engines are ready whenever called upon. They are made in many styles and sizes and they are especially adapted to farm purposes.

The line includes:

Vertical 2, 3 and 25-horse power.

Horizontal (stationary and portable) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20-horse power. '

Gasoline tractors 12, 15 and 20-horse power.

Famous air-cooled 1 and 2-horse power.

Famous skidded engines 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8-horse power.

Also a complete line of Famous mounting engines from 4 to 20-horse power, and sawing, spraying and pumping outfits and jacks.

Count the uses you have on your own farm for a reliable power and figure up how many days in the year you could use such a power to advantage. Then go and talk to the International local agent about it. The catalogs he will hand you will give full particulars. Or, if you prefer, write nearest branch house.

CANADIAN BRANCHES: Brandon, Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Regina, Saskatoon, St. John, Winnipeg.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA

(Incorporated)

Chicago. U. S. A.

CLA

DOUBLE ACTION HARROW & CULTIVATOR FOR IOO% CROPS

With this tool more different kinds of work can be done, with less effort, than with any other. CLARE'S is the only Disk Cultivator that completely embodies the double action principle. It will do the work of several disk machines that would cost you several times as much, and do it more thoroughly, because it has 4 gangs instead of only 2. The draft is always from centre— suitable for 2 light horses. Equipped with Extension Head and Jointed Pole, and when so ordered two large disks for Listing are supplied. Send today for our free Book, "Large Hay Crops."

CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 861 Main St., HIGGANUM, CONN.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

good of the pasture and improvement of the land? We suppose we woula get more pasture for the present by giving it a fair start in spring anu then grazing moderately, but for the years to come would pasture be ma terially benefitted by keeping stock entirely off? In case an old field pasture has a fair growth of weeds, some sedge, a few running briars, etc., would it be aided by mowing and letting Te as mulch, or would this growth of stuff do as much good to the land by letting it fall when it would? Which would best tend to improve the land and the pasture?

We have several old field pastures which we do not need for the present. What we want to know is, Would we have more pasture this fall by pasturing some in early summer or by letting it alone? Is the same true of the tame grasses—orchard grass, timothy, red top, etc.? How about red and Mammoth clover; also, alsike clover? Does mowing bull-eye, or broomsedge help to kill it, and at what stage should it be mowed? Has either any feeding value for pasture or hay? p -

Culpeper Co., Va.

All pastures, whether of tame or wid grasses, are best grazed moderately, not starting too soon nor continuing to late. This causes the grasses to tiller out and the root stocks to spread on the land and thus ensures a dense sod, which resists the drouth and retains the moisture. Running briars and weeds should be cut off and burnt to prevent spreading and this will gradually kill them out. It is very questionable whether you can do much in the way of killing the broomsedge by mowing it. It is too persistent where once established to be easily subdued in this way. Of course, it will tend to prevent it spreading if mowed early enough, as there will be no seed to fly about. We have seen a very fair sample of hay made from broomsedge, but, to ensure this, it must be cut young, and hence the yield is only light. The best thing to do with broomsedge is to plow it up and get rid of it as soon as possible and sub stitute a better grass for it. As a pasture, it makes fair feed when kept grazed short, but does not yield the feed a pasture of tame grass will. —Ed.

Clubroot and Rot in Cabbage. Will you give through The Planter the cause of clubroot and black rot in cabbage? How can these be prevented? Or, if present, how to get rid of them?

Where can I find a bulletin that treats on cabbage and its diseases? Wythe Co., Va. L. D. EARHART.

These are both fungoid diseases which infect the soil and cause the disease to re-appear year after year if cabbages are grown successively on

Astounding Simplicity

Please think of this. There are 500 makes of gasoline engines today. One is different— 499 are practically the same.

Each of the 499 has two-thirds more parts than this one. Each Is loaded -with -working: parts of which you know little or nothing: about. That's why they cause so much trouble. They are hard to understand. There are 12 and more moving parts to their valve action. That's where most of the trouble occurs in a gasoline engine.

The McVicker—the one different engine—requires but 4 moving parts to this action. That's why it is reliable and easy to understand.

An expert mechanic is needed often to keep a complex engine in order.

Ours runs for years with attention only from you.

That's how it saves on repairs.

Then it does more steady work than the others—uses less fuel and oil—develops more power on less.

Don't buy an engine until you have seen our catalog.

The McVicker has three times the advantages because It is three times the simplest—it is three times the best engine made in this country.

Our marvelous patents are the reasons.

This engine has built for us the largest ana costliest gas engine factory in the United States. Nearly 3,000 were sold last year.

You ought to see the letters we have from users telling what their engines have done on certain amounts of fuel. They will convince you that you need a McVicker.

Write us today for our catalog and free set of plans for a model farm power-house.

We make all sizes —from 2 to 30 horse-power—mounted in all ways for all uses. Also traction engines.

Get this catalog before you decide on an engine. Bee the McVicker demonstrated. Then let the best be your choice. Write us a postal now before you forget it. ►- ALMA MFG. CO., Station N Alma. Mich.

The Wonderful

McVicker

3815

Spread Manure with the Roller-Bearing, Light Draft

SUCCESS SPREADER,

Save half the labor both for yourself and horses and make the manure go twice as far as by hand spreading-. The Success pays for itself over and over again in increased fertility of the land. It's the spreader based on experience. We've been building spreaders 31 years. It contains all the most valuable patented devices. The only roller-bearing spreader. Light and strong. No gear wheels to break. Equipped with wooden or metal wheels as desired. Write us about the Success. Be sure you know the Success before you buy a Spreader.

Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co

Get

Our

Free

Catalog

The Roller Bearings One Horse Lighter Draft

$355-° FANNING MILL FREE

A Fanning Mill Free. If there are no dealers near you selling- the famous Racine Line of Farm and "Warehouse Fanning Mills, that clean, grade, separate and bag all kinds of grain and seeds as well as cow peas, velvet beans, rice, peanuts, chufas, etc., then write today for particulars about our free mill to one person in each neighborhood who will furnish us his neighbor's names to whom we can write to call and see the mill and who will show what the mill will do when they call to see it.

JOHNSON & FIELD MF'G. CO., Box 102, Racine, Wis.

Rhea Co., Tenn., March 13, '09. I wish to express my admiration for the Southern Planter. No other journal that I know exerts such an

educational influence for the advancement of agriculture in the South and for the elevation of the Southern farmer. P. D. BENHAM.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

819

the land. This emphasizes the im portance of rotating the crop on different fields each year. Every diseased plant should be burnt. If they are thrown on to the manure heap or plowed down, the next crop of cabbages grown on the land or with the manure will be diseased. Liming the land is the best means known for destroying the disease spores in the soil. Apply two tons to the acre after the l§nd is plowed and harrowed. Write the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, for bulletin.—Ed.

Oat Smut—Plant for Name.

I enclose several blackheads of oats that I suppose are affected with smut. There is a good deal of it this year in winter oats. My winter oats are very good and clean except the black heads. Will blue stone applied to seed oats prevent the smut. If you can give any information that will prevent the smut it will be of great benefit to me as well as others.

I also send a head of some plant that I find in oats that I would like to know what it is.

B. O. BUMPASS.

Louisa Co., Va.

On page 731 of the July issue you will find the remedy for smut in wheat and oats given in reply to an enquirer.

The plant is chess or cheat.—Ed.

Bee Culture—Ox-Eye Daisies.

Can you give me some plan by which I can get my bees to drink from water vessels put in their yard? They trouble me considerably around my well and watering trough'. Will you also tell me how to get rid of ox-eye daisies? Please answer through your query column.

SUBSCRIBER.

Northumberland Co., Va.

We do not profess to know anything much on bee keeping, as w r e never gave it our attention. We once tried to start an apiary, but the insects had such an antipathy to us that they would not let us go near the hives and as we never cared to keep any stock of any kind with which we could not be on good terms, we sent the bees back to the gentleman who gave them to us. We believe that if you will sweeten the water with sugar which you place out for the bees they will soon find it and will then go there to drink.

Oxeye daisies can only be gotten rid of with certainty by putting the land into cultivation and giving it clean culture for two or three years. They may be prevented increasing and gradually be cleaned out by keeping them cut off before they bloom.—Ed.

Rotation of Crops. Please criticise the rotation of crops given below, which I am now thinking of following on my farm, and give me all the suggestions you think of value. My land is a good, stiff, red clay, lacking in humus, and

See the I. H. C. Agent

About that Wagon YouVe

Going to Buy this Fall

YOU know a wagon that you buy from a responsible International agent in your home town is right or it will be made right.

You will not be asked to pay an exorbitant price— just a fair price. And when you have made selection of any one of the three world-standard International wagons, you will know you have as good a wagon as money can buy.

Weber Wagon

Columbus Wagon

New Bettendorf Wagon

They are all the heavy-load, rough-road kind of wagons, built to stand up under the trying conditions to which all farm wagons are subjected.

The Weber and Columbus are old-time favorites. They are built of the highest class wood materials, thoroughly seasoned, properly ironed and durably painted.

The New Bettendorf is the famous all-steel gear wagon, built for the hardest service and to stand up in any climate.

The different wagons are represented by different agents. Any International agent will be glad to show you the good points of the wagon he sells. Call and get a catalogue and full particulars.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U.

(Incorporated)

s. A.

Pittsylvania Co., Va., April 22, '09.

Your paper has been very interesting and instructive to me since I have been trying to farm It is now second only to my Bible. I am a merchant of forty-two years' standing, and did not study farming until about ten years ago. I then embarked into

the business as a side issue, since then I have increased the fertility of my farm more than double its former capacity and the most of my information on farming was obtained from reading the Southern Planter.

G. A. CREASY.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

will produce on unimproved field about four or five barrels of corn per acre and eight or ten bushels of wheat. Jf'arm can be divided into five fields of thirty acres each for crops in addition to plenty of pasture land. Pasture, like rest of place, unimproved, but well sodded in broom straw, Japan clover and some blue grass.

Rotation.—First year.—Will put manure on clover sod lor corn, and at last working of corn will seed to crimson clover.

Second year.—Peas.—Will plow crimson clover under in spring, seed to peas, which will be cut for hay, and land disced and seeded to wheat.

Third year.—Wheat.—After wheat harvest, land plowed, limed and seeded to winter oats and sapling clover.

Fourth year.—Oats.

Fifth year.—Clover.

Will clover which was intended for fifth year interfere with oat harvest? If it interferes will it be best to seed clover in spring instead of fall? How much seed oats would you sow per acre? How much clover seed per acre, and the amount of fertilizer to be used under each crop? Also, kinds of fertilizer to use if a mixture is preferable? Will sell wheat, oats and some corn and hay. Pea hay, corn stover, wheat straw and oat straw will be fed at home to stock. Good grades of beef cattle are scarce and high in my section; will it be more profitable to grow or buy stock cattle? Will Western cattle do as well as natives with us an unimproved pastures?

I have been farming only a few years; am not living on my farm and will appreciate any advice you will give either by letter or in August number of Southern Planter. T.

Campbell Co., Va.

The rotation you suggest is an excellent one and, when worked out, should result in great improvement of your farm and be a profitable one in conjunction with your proposed stock feeding. The only suggestion we would make is that for the first course in the rotation you should cut in the pea crop with a disc instead of cutting it for a hay crop in order to get the land filled with vegetable matter, which it no doubt lacks. We do not like to see a good feed crop like cow-peas cut into the soil and would never do this if the land was in good order, but bearing in mind what you say as to its lacking humus and the yields it is now making, we believe it would be good policy to thus ^dispose of it in the first course of the rotation. We are sattsfied that the increased yield of wheat you will get will go a long way to pay the cost of the pea crop and you will have greatly im proved the mechanical and physical condition of your soil. As to the fertilizer to be used, we think that you should start with a ton of l'me to the acre to be applied to all the land

[August,

iTHDE* t ' rTi^S*/^ OMITHDEAL BUSINESS COLLEGE. Richmond, Va., owns one of the finest 5^ \AdzJ nuS |K .BBS O buildings in the State. Has been training young men and women " ■ for business and helping them to positions for over 42 years. No

questionable methods to get students. Highest endorsements of former students, business men and papers. "One of the very best Business Colleees in America."— Christian Observer. "Leadlne Business College of the South. "J. A. Buell,

President B. S. M. £. A.

For further proof of excellence and for full information, write to Bookkeeping Shorthnnd-Pfitimanphip- by mail V S president

State Female Normal School

Twenty-sixth Session begins September 8th. For catalogue and Information icernlnsr State Scholarships write tn

concerning State Scholarships, write to J. L. JARMAN/President,

Farmville, Va.

Don't Gc to the Spring or Well

Have the Water come to You

For over twenty years we have been installing successfully, complete water supply systems, and they are performing their good work to-day.

With our force of experienced workmen, we are better prepared to supply your needs in this direction than any concern south of New York.

We make a specialty of supplying Country Homes with pure, fresh water, and at a moderate cost.

We are not tied down to any system, but are prepared to install the outfit which is best adapted to your particular needs. We are largest house in the South, dealing in water supply outfits, Pumps, Windmills, Gasoline Engines, Rams, Pressure Tanks, Cypress Tanks and Towers.

Catalogue and prices on any of the above will be sent on request.

Sydnor Pump & Well Co., Inc.

Department "B," Richmond, Virginia.

The CASE COMBINEDDISK and SHOVEL CULTIVATOR

With Extra Strong Staggered Spoke Wheels, Self-Lubricating and Dust-proof.

The Case Disk Cultivator responds instantly to the will of the operator, and the change in direction is accomplished by the slightest pressure of the foot. Provision has- been made for locking the cultivator into a rigid position for transportation. It can be easily regulated for plowing to various depths. The disks are easily reversible, so that the dirt can be thrown up to the corn or away from it without disturbing the roots. A slight flexibility is allowed the gangs by spring pressure which holds them in the ground, so that no evil effects result from striking obstructions. Gangs can be easily set at a sharp angle, adapting them to use in cultivating listed corn.

The change is made simply by changing the position of hand lever and pawl. The bearings are thoroughly protected against dust and dirt by our new dirt receptacle. The wheels are adjustable in and out to change the width of tread to the spaces ordinarily required.

Sixteen-lnch disks are furnished. Provision has been made for attaching two extra disks for harrow equipment, if desired. Oar complete Catalog of Improved Farm Machinery sent to any address Free.

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 1302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va.

■

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

821

iiW^V-- ^•■•i-jS-w'-'-'-''''' 'g&i'&s*'' fji'iiviii*" "^i^-:

Makes Peanut Growing Doubly Profitable

Whether you grow peanuts extensively or not, the Benthall Peanut Picker will prove the most profitable investment you ever made.

With one you can double ' and treble your profits.

You and your boys can do the work of fortv hands, and do it better.

Think of it:

Figure the wages of forty hands, then think of that much saved in hired help

Such a machine will pay for itself many times over.

With one you can pick when the vines are in any condition, thus saving them for hay. and moreover, they keep the feed clean.

The peanut vine is the equal of alfalfa as a forage crop, and worth from $12 to $20 per ton.

This feature alone makes it an economy to own a Benthall Peanut Picker.

Substantial, Simple, Economical

These machines are built to stand up under wear, so simple they can't get out of order, and economical because the repair bill will amount to practically nothing.

The machine will pick Spanish and Virginia varieties equally well.

It can be run by a single horse, team or applied power.

From Virginia and North Carolina, Texas and Tennessee we are receiving testimonials from users who have become warm-hearted friends.

Do Not Delay

What Farmers Say

Every peanut grower will eventually have one of these pickers.

If you. yourself, have not sufficient use for one, you can make it a valuable investment picking peanuts for your neighbors.

The machine can be moved as easily as a wagon.

Last year we did not have enough machines to meet the demand.

If you want to be sure of getting one, order now.

Clip off the below coupon, fill it out and mail to-day, and you will receive free our handsome catalog and full information.

Three clips of the scissors between you and blsKer profits. CUT HERE .

Benthall Machine Co ,

Suffolk, Va

Gbntleikn:

Please send me fall information about the Benthall Peauut Picker.

Mr. W. T. Sampson, of Suffolk. Va., writes:

"The machine is more than you claim for it. I have

picked as high as 240 bags in nine hours and a half. I

have picked approximately 5.000 bags this season, and my

legitimate repair bill was the cost of one link to a chain.'

after plowing it for the crop to be planted. For the cowpeas we would apply two hundred and fifty pounds of acid phosphate per acre, or four hundred pounds of raw phosphate rock. For the wheat we would. use one hundred and fifty pounds of bone meal and one hundred and fifty pounds of acid phosphate per acre. For the corn, apply all the manure you make on the clover sod.

We do not see any reason why the clover should not be seeded with the oats in the fall. We have made ex-cllent stands that way. If the seeding should not make a good stand, or it should be winter killed, it can be supplemented by more seed sown in the spring after harrowing the oat crop. Sow two bushels of oats and fifteen pounds of clover seed per acre.

As to the stock. We think you will

likely succeed better by buying as good native grade cows as you can get and breeding these to a pure-bred bull of one of the beef breeds. We would suggest an Angus bull, as this cross would give you fine beef stock. Until you can get a herd of these grade cattle raised you might buy a few Western feeders every fall, or, if you could get some of the Southwest Virginia cattle, which are mostly grade Shorthorns, these would probably do better than the Western ones. The surest way to bring up the farm and make it most profitable is to consume as nearly as possible all the produce grown on the farm and let i' walk to the market in the shape of beef and hogs.—Ed.

Plant for Name. Please inform me what kind of

grass enclosed sample is, and is. it of service? What is best to do to get clear of it? Cannot work any corn where it is. SUBSCRIBER.

Matthews Co., Va.

The grass is red top. This is a valuable hay and grazing grass and instead of trying to get rid of it you should encourage its growth. The plant sent is a fine specimen of the grass and a field of such a growth would give three or four tons of hay per acre.—Ed.

Liming Land.

I want to use lime on my wheat crop this fall. Will you kindly answer the following questions, as I have had no experience in the use of it?

I am quoted fresh lump lime, $4.30; fine lump line, $3.50; clean air-slaked

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

lime, $3.30 per ton, delivered at m> station. Which should I buy? Foi one dollar additional per ton I can get this in sacks. Would it be easier to handle and apply in sacks? I am tola that in handling this lime it is very damaging to the horses and men. Can you suggest the best way to prevent or least help this trouble?

I intended to plow the land and, be fore harrowing, spread the lime witL manure spreader and then harrow in. Is this the best way to apply it? 1 not, what do wou advise? A gentleman told me that he applied the lime on top of the land before plowing, this does not to me seem to be the proper way.

I am told there is a machine made especially to scatter lime. Do you know of this machine, and, if so, do you recommend using it? Wythe Co., Va. CUSTOMER.

Buy the lump lime. It will be cheaper in the end. The only advantage in having it sacked is that it is easier to handle in hauling from the depot and into the fields and makes less dust to bother the men and horses. We have hauled and distrib uted hundreds of tons in the lump, and, when done with reasonable care, no serious trouble to either men o: horses was caused. The horses should have some old sacKs fastened over their bodies and over the harness and, in setting on the lumps in the field, care should be taken to so locate the lines of lumps as that the wind will blow the dust away from the men and horses as it flies from the lumps. Set on in bushel or half-bushel piles and so space these apart as to give one ton to the acre. Cover the piles with soil as they are put down, and in a few days they will have slacked out and can then be spread with- a shovel. Put on the lime after plowing and then after spreading harrow in lightly and let lay a week or ten days before applying any fertilizer or seeding. There is a machine on the market for spreading lime, but we have not seen it work, but have been told that it is a success. Some of the manure spreaders will spread the lime, but our difficulty in recommending machine spreading is that it necessarily causes much inconvenience in handling and waste. The lime has to be slacked before it is put into the spreader and it is then very awkward stuff to shovel into the machine, as it runs off the- shovel like water and flies about over everything. We prefer to handle it only in the lump state until it is spread in the field and then what flies about is r the field and where it is wanted. If care is taken in spreading to spread it with the wind it will bother the men doing the work very little.—Ed.

Early Sown Wheat and the Fly—Rape —Cowpeas—Soy Beans—Crimson

Clover. 1. Will wheat be injured to a very

great extent at heading time by sow-

Country Water Works Outfit

Vou can have running water anywhere you want it, in the house, the barn, or on the grounds—in fact you can have all the conveniences that can be obtained from connection with city water works—by erecting on your place a

GOODHUE WINDMILL

and tank outfit such as is shown here. We can give you the tank on a separate tower if you prefer it that way.

Goodhue Windmills have an engine way top (they work like an engine); they have double arms of heavy channel steel, giving more than double strength; they govern perfectly in all kinds of wind; they have a practically noiseless brake; they are made in sizes and styles to meet all requirements, and they are sold under a stronger guarantee than any other. Send to-day for FREE WINDMILL BOOK.

APPLETON MFG. CO.,

134 Fargo St., Batavia, III., U. S. A.

FARQUHAR

THRESHING MACHINERY

i

m RAKE SEPARATORS, VIBRATOR SEPARATORS. All the Latest Improvements

THRESHING ENGINES. HORSE. All Styles and Sizes

*^Ki

The most durable and lightest draft threshing machinery manufactured.

Threshes, separates, cleans ind bags ready for market. "Wastes less grain, runs lighter, is stronger, more complete and durable and less liable to get out of order than any other kind. Get our prices and terms on any size outfit you may want.

Complete catalogue of farm Implements mailed on request.

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, I302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Ya.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

823

Up-to-Date Dairymen Do Not Skim Milk Like They Did a Generation Ago

THEY have found a better way. They use machines and separate the cream from the milk at milking time. They get all the cream, they save half the work and worry of the old way, and they have fresh, warm, sweet milk instead of stale, sour milk to feed to the calves, pigs and chickens.

The I. H. C.

Bluebell Cream Harvester Dairymaid Cream Harvester

These machines have revolutionized the dairy methods of thousands of cow owners and put them in the way of making real profits out of their dairies.

What they have done for others in the way of labor saving and profit making they will do for you.

If you keep a dozen cows now, you can, with an I. H. C. Cream Harvester to aid you, keep 25 to 30 cows and more than double your profits with no increase in labor.

Figure out the matter for yourself and see whether you are not losing money instead of making money by not owning a Cream Harvester.

The Dairymaid Cream Harvester is a chain-driven machine. The Bluebell is gear-driven. Both are made in four sizes, are simple, easily operated, easy to keep clean and get the cream out of the milk down to the thousandth part.

If you want to enlarge your operations and get into the modern way of dairying it will be to your interest to call on the International local agent and talk over with him the matter of owning a Bluebell or Dairymaid Cream Harvester. He will show you the machine he handles and supply you with a catalogue and all necessary information.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S„ A.

(Incorporated)

Ellis Champion Grain and Peanut Thresher,

MANUFACTURED BY ELLIS KEYSTONE AGRICULTURAL WORKS, POTTSTOWN, PA.

Grain and

Peanut

Threshers

and

Cleaners.

FOUR SIZES. NOS. 1, 2, 3, and 4. FOR EITHER STEAM. LEVER OR TREAD POWER,

All of which are guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Our THRESHERS and CLEANERS have been thoroughly tested throughout the United States, and pronounced by the growers of GRAIN and PEANUTS as the most complete and satisfactory Threshers of the period. No grower of the above can afford to be without one.

For Catalog and any other information desired write to

GEORGE C. BURGESS, General Southern Agent, Box 182, Petersburg, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

ing it between middle of August and first of September? About bow many bushels per acre will the fly be likely to damage on four acres sown early for hog pasture?

2. Is a Dwarf Essex rape pasture lot for hogs benefitted by sowing anything else with it, and, if anything should be sown, what should it be, and how much per acre?

3. What kind of cowpeas yield the greatest number of bushels of peas per acre, and how many months are required for the maturing of same? mention two of the best kinds, if you please.

4. What kind of soy beans yield the greatest number of beans per acre, and how many days are required for maturning of same?

5th. Is it essential that crimson clover sown in August or early September should require something like wheat or rye to shade same to keep the sun from killing it out? Wheat seems to get the start on crimson clover and chokes it out and rye does not make a suitable pasture for hogs, so please mention something that will be profitable to the hogs as well as helpful to the crimson clover if anything should really be sown with the clover to protect it from the scorching rays of the sun.

6. May Dwarf Essex rape be pastured by cows or colts or calves without injuring them, anyway? About what time in the spring do most people plow up the rape and sow into somthing else?

TOWSON E. SMITH.

Rappahannock Co., Va.

1. Early sown wheat is almost invariably seriously injured by the fly in the South. How far such injury will extend depends entirely on the prevalence of the fly. If in any section the fly infested the wheat crop the previous year to any serious extent, we should not expect an early sown crop the following year to make more than the very smallest yield, as the flies would ?et su^h ° hold upon it as to sap it of all vitality.

?. No. Sow it alone.

3. The Whip-poor-will and the New Era are the two varieties which usually make the heaviest crops of peas, the Black variety follows. The New Era is tne quickest variety to mature, taking about sixty days. The Whip-poor-will and Black take from seventy to eighty days to mature.

4. In Tennessee in experiments made in 1907, the Mammoth Yellow produced twenty-eight bushels of seed per acre. The Medium Yellow, twenty bushels, and Ito San, twenty bushels. The Mammoth Yellow takes the longest time to mature—eighty to ninety days—and the other two varieties rather less, much depending, however, on the season.

5. We do not regard it as essential to sow any other crop with crimson clover to shade it, but think it better

International Auto Buggy

For Business or Pleasure

You'll Arrive Where You're Bound When You Start in this Car

It is the leading car for country-road travel. Up hill and down, over all kinds of roads, you go safely and rapidly as well as pleasantly.

Its high wheels and powerful driving mechanism especially fit it for the kind of service that puts the low automobile out of business.

It is under as perfect control as the highest priced automobile. You can go at any speed you like, two to twenty miles an hour. There are no tire troubles because the tires are solid rubber. You have the least concern about fuel supply or operating expense. The Auto Buggy carries a supply of gasoline sufficient to last for a journey of 75 to 100 miles.

It is something to be able tc go at a moment's notice, without the trouble of hitching up or the care of horses. The Auto Buggy, with or without top, and with single or double seat, enables you to go alone or with your family in a conveyance you will be proud to ride in.

Call on the International local agent and get a catalogue and let him demonstrate this wonderful country road car for you. Catalogues also sent direct from the home office on application.

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

(Incorporated)

& SAVE MONEY &

By writing when in.need of any description of

Machinery, Boilers, Engines, Tanks, Cars,

Rail Beams, Channels, Plates, Angles, lhreaded Pipe sizes (1 to 6 inches.) All sizes iron pipe and shells for road draining, etc. Boxes, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, Cable, Belting, and thousands of other useful articles in the Largest Stock in the South of used

CLARENCE COSBY.

SUPPUES j&

1519-31 East Cary St. RICHMOND, VA. D. Phone, No. 3526.

always to sow some grain mixture with the crop, usually wheat, oats and rye, mixed, unless the clover be seeded in cowpeas, when the vines will protect it. The object in sowing gran with it is to ensure a cover for the land in winter in case the crimson clover is killed to any considerable extent by drouth or frost. We

have known a little rape seed to be also sowed with the clover and grain mixture. This mixed seeding always makes a very acceptable grazing crop for hogs.

6. Dwarf Essex rape should not be pastured by milch cows, as it is very apt to taint the milk. Young cattle may be grazed on it, but should be

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

825

Mitnm *S mm SAH'L COHEN,

HENRY FAIRFAX, President.

ALFRED B. WILLIAMS, 1st Vice President.

O. J. SANDS,

2d Vice-President.

Treasurer.

»•» VIRGINIA STATE FAIR»»

RICHMOND

n

11

OCTOBER 4-5-6-7-8-9- The First Week in October

In the former Issues of the Southern Planter announcements have been made of attractive cash premiums offered for exhibits of Farm Products, embracing in same CORN, WHEAT, GRASSES, VEGETABLES and the other FIELD, SEED, GRAIN. FORAGE, aand ROOT CROPS—grown in Virginia.

KING CORN SPECIAL.

This great special now amounts to nearly TWELVE HUNDRED DOLLARS in cash and $125.00 CORN BINDER, and it is confidently expected that BEFORE the FAIR is held TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED to THREE THOUSAND DOLLARS will be on hand to distribute among OUR Growers of Corn. The test will be to select and send to the Fair and enter either the best single ear, the best ten ears, the best twenty ears of white and yellow corn. Two-thirds of the total amount raised will be paid to winners of white corn; one-third to winners in the yellow corn classes. The Binder and all implements donated will be awarded exhibitor best single, ten and twenty ears, white or yellow. A JUDGE, or JUDGES of NATIONAL reputation will make the awards, and every dollar raised will* be paid exhibitors. This Association offers the following secondary prizes in the King Corn Contest:

2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th '7th 8th

10 ears White Corn $10 00 $7 50 $5 00 $2 50 $1 50 $1 00 $ 50

10 ears Yellow Corn ..$10 00 7 50 5 00 2 50 1 50 1 00 50

Single ear White Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 150 100 75 50

Single ear Yellow Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 1 50 1 00 75 50

ACRE YIELD CLASSES. These classes embrace large Cash Premiums for Corn raised on high land and low grounds, and also for grasses—alfalfa (one cutting only).

COUNTY EXHIBITS. A First Prize of $100, Second of $75.00, Third of $50.00 will be paid in the County Exhibit Class.

PEANUTS. Virginia produces a large part of the total PEANUT CROP, and the classes and premiums offered should interest all growers. THE AID AND SUPPORT OF THOSE INTERESTED IN THIS INDUSTRY IS URGED AND REQUESTED.

TOBACCO. The following prizes will be paid in the Tobacco Classes. Be sure and send your exhibits (Exhibits to consist of one sample, grown by exhibitor, weighing not less than five pounds, nor more than eight pounds.)

1st Prem.

Sun Cured. Crop of 1909 $30 00

Olive Stemming, Crop of 1909.. 30 00

2d

Prem.

$15 00

15 00

3d

Prem.

$5 00

5 00

2d Prem. 15 00 15 00

3d Prem. 5 00 5 00

1st Prem.

Wrappers $10 00

Cutters 10 00

Best crop 1909 Burley

Prem.

1st

1st Prem. Brown Shipping, Crop of 1909. 30 00 Brown Stemming, Crop of 1909 30 00 BRIGHT TOBACCO CROP, 1900—"FLUE CURED." 2d Prem.

$5 00 Fillers 10 00

5 00 Smokers 10 00

BURLEY.

1st. 2nd

$30.00 $15.00

TOBACCO SWEEPSTAKES.—(Open only to Exhibitors in Otic or More of Above Classes.)

R. A. PATTERSON TOBACCO CO. For the best 1909 Burley Crop $75.00

RICH3IOND TOBACCO TRADE.

For the Best Sample of Tobacco of any of above classes grown in Virginia by an

exhibitor in above classes, sample to weigh not less than five nor more than '

eight pounds $50 00 $25 00

LIVE STOCK.

An indispensible feature of every farm. In order to bring together even better exhibits than those which have reflected such great credit at the last three annual fairs. The classification in the

HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP AND SWINE Departments have been greatly enlarged, and adequate prizes are now offered for every breed of commercial importance. In order to show how complete the classification is, one section of the Cattle Department is copied:

Section 0—JERSEY.

Prem. 2d 5 00 5 00

3d.

$5.00

$25.00

Ribbon

305 Bull 3 years old and over ....$20 00 $10 00

306 307 308 309 310

Bull 2 years old and under 3 20 00

Bull 1 year old and under 2 20 00

Bull under 1 year 15 00

Cow 3 years old and over 20 00

Heifer 2 years old and under 3 20 00

10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00

311 312 313 314 315 316

10 00 10 00 15 00 10 00 10 00 10 00

317 Bull, any age $20 00 Res.

Rib.

I

Heifer 1 year old and under 2.... 20 00

Heifer under 1 year 15 00

Exhibitor's herd 25 00

Breeder's Young Herd 20 00

Get of one sire 15 00

Produce of one cow 15 00

Championship.

Rib. 318 Cow or heifer, any age 20 00 Res.

YOUR AID AND THAT OF EACH VIRGINIAN in building up the Fair is asked and will be appreciated. To each of you we say it is your Fair; get acquainted with the Thousands of Classes; interest your friends; send a postal for Free Premium List, or for supplement embracing Poultry, Dairy, Farm and Hortlc ulturnl Products, Flowers and the 'Woman's Department, (in which will be found classes for everything made by the hand of woman).

The Fair is Here to Stay. "THE FIRST WEEK IN OCTOBER."

For Premium List and all information, address

MARK R. LLOYD, General Manager, RICHMOND, VA. 1111 ' ■ ■ '

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

only turned on when the crop is free from moisture, and at first for only a short time, and after they have had other feed, as it is apt to cause bloating when eaten greedily or in con siderable quantity. The rape will stand and grow until the warm weather sets in, when it should be plowed down. It cannot stand hot weather.—Ed.

Pasture for Geese.

Will you kindly give me through your columns the best seed to sow for a pasture for geese?

JOHN F. YEAGLE.

Gloucester Co., Va.

i

Geese will graze on a pasture of any kind of grasses. from the sedgy grass of the swamps to the finest tame grasses, so you cannot go wrong whatever kind you seed. They will graze the most and do the best on the finer and better varieties, like blue grass, Bermuda and red top.—Ed.

Salt and Wire Grass. I have heard that salt would kil* wire grass. Is there any truth in it? Pittsylvania Co., Va. A.

Salt will kill almost any kind of vegetation if applied .in sufficient quantities, but in doing so it will render the land unfit for growing any crop. If applied only in such quan tity as not to injure the land, it will not kill wire grass It might check it somewhat, but only to make more vigorous growth afterwards. Salt has no value as a fertilizer nor as a weed destroyer. The only crop to which we ever saw it applied yith advantage is asparagus. On this crop a light dressing in the early sprine seems to do good.—Ed.

WASHINGTON NOTES.

The Geneva, New York, Experiment Station has carried on some very conclusive spraying experiments for late blight in potatoes in co-operation with farmers in various parts of the State. In fourteen of these farm experiments involving 180 acres of potatoes, the average gam due to spraying was 62% bushels per acre; the average total cost of spraying, ?4.98 per acre, and the average increased profit per acre, due to spraying, $24.86. Another group, consisting of 41 experiments, included 363 acres of potatoes and the average gain due to spraying was 58% bushels per acre, or over 20,000 bushels. The average increased profit due to spraying was $22.01 per acre. The story of a Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm.

It is one thing to be a successful practical farmer. It is another to be a scientific farmer. Sometim es the two are combined in one person. It is still another thing and rarer to find such a man able to transmit this knowledge of successful scientific farming methods to other persons by means of enlightening, entertaining,

REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS

For Two or Three Horses

Do Their Work "A Comin' and a Gom'*

The Plows that do the best work anywhere and everywhere—hillside or level land—hard ground or soft gromd—sticky ground or trashy ground— are the

CHATTANOOGA REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS'

Chattanooga Plows are the only entirely successful Reversible Disc Plows—simple In design—few In parts—sturdy in construction—as durable as skilled workmanship and the finest materials can make them—guaranteed for twelve months against any breakage caused by defects in material or workmanship. Chattanooga Reversible Plows turn corners, either right or left, pulverize the soil thoroughly, cover weeds, leave a clean furrow, and save time, labor, money and horse flesh. Write today for free postpaid catalog which tells the whole story.

CHATTANOOGA PLOW CO.

413 CARTER ST.,

Chattanooga, Tenn.

CONCERNING THAT ROOF

Write us for prices on our products. We carry in stock at all times

EVERYTHING for the ROOF

PAINTED AND OALV. V. C. AND CORRUGATED SHEETS; TIN PLATE IN BOXES AND ROLLS; RUBBER ROOFING UNDER THE FOLLOWING BRANDS:

Victoria Rubber Monarch Asphalt

Reliance Guaranteed

Lowest Market Prices without sacrifice of Quality

VICTORIA METAL CO., Inc.

1007-9 E. Canal St. RICHMOND, VA.

descriptive writing. And here we find W. J. Spillman, "Agriculturist in Charge of Farm Management, Bureau of Plant Industry." If Farmers' Bulletin 355 by Mr. Spillman—A Successful Poultry and Dairy Farm—of which I have just had the pleasure of reading the galley proof, and which will be ready for free distribution by the time this reaches print, does not have a run of several editions, I am a bad

judge of what is good reading.

The Bulletin is the true story of a man, farm born, but who had practiced law, whose longing for the ireedom of country life led him at the age of thirty-six to abandon the city for the farm. That his early struggles were severe is attested by the fact that he and his family, with almost no hired help, cleared seventy-six acres of heavily timbered land, built a com-

(Put.

IS

1909.]

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

827

Look at It!

;a

0,

IT'S IN THE LANDSIDE

TRONG

ENSIBLE

ERVICEABLE

joni-

SHARP ANGLES TO BREAK OFF

TILTING OF HANDLESyrO MAKE THE PLOW GO IN THE GROUND

occasion to break the, THIRD COMMANDMENT

The Model used by us===The Sloping Landstfe and Center Draft, Coupled with our Interlocking Landside Device===makes our Plow retain its ORIGINAL SHAPE under any and all conditions. Each part bearing its own bun: en and transferring its strain direct to the foundation of our plows prevents straining away from its orginal positions of any of the parts, consequently our SUCK AND GATHER IS PRESERVED DURING ENTIRE LIFE OF PLOW, AND IS ABSOLUTELY ASSURED EVEN WHEN BOLTS BECOME LOOSE. JUST THE PLOW YOU HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. BEFORE INVESTING YOUR MONEY IN ANOTHER CHILLED PLOW, Write to us for further particulars

The Wm. J. Oliver Mfg. Co.

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE. N. B.-WH Y Don't Other Manufacturers show LANDSIDE views of their Plows?

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

fortable home, with substantial barn, dairy house, silo and poultry houses, paid for the land from the farm, and developed, under trying conditions, one of the best paying farms in the country. In 1905 the gross income of this farm was $5,000; it is considerably larger now. The products are butter, eggs, poultry and some fresh pork. When the family moved to the farm in 1887, it consisted of the father and the mother, three boys and three girls, the oldest child being a boy of thirteen. The father and the three sons have done the farm work, milked the cows and made the butter and supplied their city customers, twelve miles distant, by team once a week for twelve years without a miss. In addition to the household duties, for several years back the mother and one of the daughters have run most of tne poultry business, another daugnter has reared the calves, and the third daughter has kept the books and accounts of the establishment. It was not all roses and no thorns, but energy, persistence and brains have brought their reward.

GUY E. MITCHELL.

Albemarle Co., Va., April 17 '09. I enjoy the Southern Planter very much and should hate to give it up. WILLIAM R. DUKE.

Prince Geo. Co., Va., April 19, '09.

I extend to you my hearty congratulations upon your long and successful management of the Southern Planter and wish you a long, happy and more successful future, and the final reward of well done for the good and faithful. A. R. CLARY.

Detailed Index.

Tennessee Phosphate Rock 806

Johnson Grass 806

Seeding Crimson Clover 807

Making Cider Vinegar 808

Grass and Corn Growing in Albemarle County, Virginia 808

Rotation of Crops for Improving

Land 811

Rotation System—Red Clover 813

Share Farming 814

Seeding to Grass 815

Seeding to Grass—Alaska Wheat. .816

Grazing Pastures 817

Clubroot and Rot in Cabbage 818

Oat Smut—Plant for Name 819

Bee Culture—Ox-Eye Daisies 819

Rotation of Crops 819

Plant for Name 821

Liming Land 821

Early Sown Wheat and the Fly— Rape—C o w p e a s—Soy Beans—

Crimson Clover 822

Pasture for Geese 826

Salt and Wire Grass 826

CONGO

NEVER LEAK

ROOFING

Congo on Allen Panel Co.'s Buildings, Johnson City, Tenn.

Pliable, durable, easily laid, and of such waterproof qualities that it equals rubber itself in keeping out water—that's Congo.

Storms do not affect it, neither does heat or cold.

Congo doesn't dry out or rot out.

Every roll runs uniform throughout, with smooth, even edges.

Nails, caps and.cement free in center of each roll.

Congo gives maximum service with minimum care.

A genuine Guarantee Bond of the National Surety Co. with every roll.

It's worth while writing for a free sample. Do it to-day.

UNITED ROOFING AND M'FG. CO.

Successors to Buchanan Foster Co.

600 West End Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO

Shingles?

Yes, I Make 'em and Edge'em too

I will cut square, round or split blocks, and make wide or narrow shingles. I can cut Box Boards and Heading, too,and and with a bigger saw I can bolt the stock and do many other useful stunts. I have Power Feed, a 24 inch shingle saw, a handy edger, with 8-inch saw and feed belts, and will work for you for $75

T e ?™Ztl MIGHTY GOOD SAW MILLS, TOO!

AndaLotot WoodworkingMachinery

Other Good ~ z.

They have a nice book that tells a whole lot more about me and the other machines, and if you'll just write to the folks they'll send you one. The address is

AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO.

137 HOPE STREET

HACKETTSTOWN, N. J.

IMPROVING.

"How is your son James getting on at college, Mr. Boggs." asked the Parson.

"Fine," said Boggs. "He's getting more business-like every day"

"I am glad to hear that," said the clergyman. "How does the lad show it?"

"Well," said Boggs, "when he first

went up and wanted money, he used to write, asking for it. Now he draws on me at sight."—Lippincott's.

Clinch Co., Ga. ( Jan. 22, '09. I enjoy reading the Southern Planter, and think it is the best agricultural paper I have ever read.

C. GILLIAM.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

829

*ME)

llNIOtt

rljere is.

Strength'

Capital,

9200,000

Surplus,

$400,000.

Deposits,

$1,500,000

WON BAN

0

DON'T BE EXTRAVAGANT! BUT SAVE ^0

Are you spending your money extravagantly in "riotous living?" If so 'come to yourself" and begin now to save a portion of your earnings and place them with us. If you do this your money will be safe and your bank account will increase daily. This is

The Oldest, Strongest and Safest Savings Bank in the South

Which Pays Interest at 3 Per Cent Compounded twice a year.

UNION BANK OF RICHMOND, 1107 b. Main St.. Richmond, Va.

Write for our Method of "BANKING BY MAIL", Mention this paper.

MONTROSE

Shetland Pony Farm

Registered Shetlands, highest type and quality, both imported and native bred. Choice brood mares, with foal and young stallions. Well mannered, perfectly broken ponies and youngsters for sale at attractive prices. Beautiful and intelligent little pets for children. Information cheerfully furnished. Address

Dr. NASH P. SNEAD

CARTERSVILLE Cumberland County, Virginia

Shetland Stock Farm

Wealth, 29579, record 2.10; brown horse, 16 hands, by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19%, dam Magnolia, by Norfolk. Fastest harness stallion in Virginia. Blue rib-fcon winner. $25 season.

IRVING J. COFFIN,

R. F. D. No.5,

Richmond, Va.

WANTED, BY NOVEMBER 1, 1909, farm manager for an up-to-date 1,000-acre farm in Albemarle county; must be man of executive ability and tried experience in management of large stock farm; must understand handling and feeding of stock on scientific principles and the working and care of machinery; must furnish references of successful management of such places. Address P. O. Box 255, Charlottesville, Va.

S. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS, "BLUB Ribbon" strain; extra fine cockerels for sale. Eggs for sitting at all times. STJNCREST POTJLTRV COMPANY, Highland Park, Richmond, Va.

JOSEPH A. TRAINUM. Practical Horseshoer.

Horses balanced and lameness treated. Satisfaction guaranteed.

18th and Cary Sts-, Richmond, Va.

W. W. FRIEND

DRUGGIST and SEEDSMAN, New Crop Turnip Seed for 1909.

1801 HULL ST.,

(Opp. Petersburg Turnpike.)

MANCHESTER, VA.

LASS1TERS' STABLES

HORSES & MULES

For sale, singly and in carload lots, Choice Offerings Always on Hand at Popular Prices. Semi-weekly auction Sales on Wednesdays and Saturdays.

The prize-winning Trotting: Stallion. Petaurist, in the stud.

JOSEPH LASSITER. 19th & Franklin Sts„ Richmond, Va.

ACCA STOCK FARM

Trotting Horses and Jersey Cattle

of the richest breeding and most fashionable strains of blood. Our herd of Jerseys has been selected with great care, and includes choice representatives of families, both noted as producers and show ring winners.

STALLIONS IN SERVICE.

Akar, 42021, chestnut horse, 4, by Aquilin. 2:19%, son of Bingen, 2:06%; dam Pavetta, by Pistachio, 2:21%. Akar paced a trial in 2:15% with quarters better than 30 seconds last season at 3 years old.

Berro, 41821, trotter, bay horse, 4, by Bingar, son of Bingen, 2:06%, dam Keshena, by Kremlin, 2:07%.

Fee for either horse $25 season, with return privilege. Address,

GRIFFITH & SAUNDERS,

Acca Stock Farm,

Richmond, Va.

Can Cancer be Cured?

IT CAN.

We want every man and woman In the United States to know what we are doing—we are curing Cancers, Turners and Chronic Sores without the use of the knife or by X-Ray, and are endorsed by the Senate and Legislature of Virginia.

We Guarantee our Cures.

KELLAM HOSPITAL, 1«15 West Main St., Richmond, Va.

FRED C. KELLAM, President.

BON AXWORTHY, 40483. Property of Mr. Joseph Wilmer,

Bay horse, foaled 1904, by Axwor-er world's champion trotter, by Electioneer, 125. A large, handsome thy, 2:15%; dam Sunol, 2:06%, form-horse, combining the blood of George Wilkes and Electioneer, world's greatest trotting families.

FEE, $25, with return privilege.

PLAIN DEALING STOCK FARM, ScottsTllle, Va.

830

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August,

National Pneumatic Water Supply

FOR COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOMES.

Gives all the advantag-es of a city water works and furnishes Are protection, which reduces insurance rates. The accompanying sketch shows a complete water system ,bath and kitchen plumbing.

In connection with our WATER SYSTEM and plumbing equipment, we furnish plans and specifications and equipment for the construction of septic sewer tanks which will dispose of your sewage in a mo'st satisfactory manner.

Send us rough sketch showing location of well and plumbing fixtures and give depth of well. If you have a spring give distance from house, fall from house to spring and fall obtainable in spring, branch, and flow in gallons per minute. State how much water required per day, and we will furnish estimate •f cost free.

We furnish system in any capacity from 140 gals, up, and for the application of any kind of power for pumping.

Get our prices on WINDMILLS, GASOLINE ENGINES, HOT AIR ENGINES, PUMPS OF ALL KINDS. AND HYDRAULIC RAMS. IN-

QUIRE ABOUT OUR BURNSON RANGES. WRITE FOR CATALOG.

GRAHAM DAVIDSON & COMPANY,

Richmond, - Virginia.

,:•'•'

;«a<a*B<a*atB*a*BBra*a«B*ff«a*a*B*B*a*B*a^

Wagons, Silos and Handy Trucks

The Tornado

Silo and Silo Fillers are the best. Cutters fitted with Spiral knives and shredding heads. In-changeable.

Handy Trucks with wood or steel wheels or all steel as desired , four-inch grooved tire.

Greatest labor

saver on the farm. Postal us for catalog or any information desired, or ask your nearest dealer for our goods.

Boston and Virginia Farm Wagons, Barbour Virginia, Peters, King, Tatlor Canady and Anderson Buggies and Cariages. Fairbanks-Morse Gasooline Engines. Tanks, and Steel Towers. Myers, Empire and Fairbanks-Morse Pumps. Water Works designed and installed anywhere, J. I. Case and Altman-Taylor Steam Engines, Concrete Block Machines and Mixtures, Magnetos and Batteries. Kansas City Hay Presses, and Gasoline Traction Engines. New Idea Manure Spreaders. Repairs and machinery of all kinds and for all purposes.

HOENNIGER $ SIZEMORE CO., Inc.,

MANUFACTURERS AGENTS AND JOBBERS, RETAIL STORE

1433 East Main Srteet, Richmond, Virginia.

o»nia>s«>n>B>n>B>n>a>a>a*n«aJO>n«2>B»B>aja>fl«s«a»B>n>B>n>n>n«SHS«>n>a*n>niBK:»

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

831

The Gin That Attracts The Grower

A MUNGER System Ginning Outfit is the best advertisement a ginner can have. Every cotton grower knows that the MUNGER System will give him largest turn-out, best sample and an increased market value for his crop. Four ginners out of five select-nine growers

out of ten patronize—the

MUNGER i SYSTEM

The MUNGER System gives the ginner the further advantages of greatest capacity, steady run, greatest freedom from delays and breakdown, greatest profit at the season's end.

The MUNGER System gives choice of Munger, Pratt, Smith, Winship and Eagle Gins. No "Freak Features." One or two story installation. Single machines or y^^\ com P lete equipment. Engines, Boilers,

Linters and full line of Cotton Machinery. Write (^ \ for catalogue ; beautiful color illustration-

It's FREE.

Continental Gin Company

Atlanta, Ga. Dallas, Texas

Birmingham, Ala. Memphis. Tenn. Charlotte, N. C. Bridgewater.Mass (For Export)

(Address Sales Office Nearest You)

BUY

BATTLE AXE SHOES

The Best Shoe for THE FARMER

Solid Made and

Made to Stand

The Wear

HIGH QUALITY RIGHT STYLE

Comfortable Fit Long Wear Low Price

Every Essential Feature of High Class Shoe Ask your Dealer for this Celebrated, Widely= Making is Embodied in BATTLE AXE SHOES known and Widely=worn Brand of Shoes

THE FARMER'S FRIEND

Stephen Putney Shoe Co.

Richmond, Va.

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER.

[August.

FREE TO YOU!

ON 30 DAYS TRIAL

Famous Spotless Washing Machine

Write us a postal card to-day and we will ship you at once this wonderful washing machine and wringer. Il comes right to your depot without any trouble on your part. Try it for 30 days, give it the hardest kind of a test and then, if not satisfactory, send it back to us by freight and we will pay the charges back. If you do like it, we -will make the payments on such easy installments that any one can buy it.

STOP

SERIOUSLY

TO

THINK

if you could imagine a fairer offer than this. Could we make it if the Spotless was not one of the best washers in the world. Moreover there are no strings to this offer, it is a square deal and is just as it is written. All you have to do is to send us say two references that we may know who you are. Our Spotless Washer is honestly made of Selected Virginia White Cedar— is steam tight—has all its mechanism enclosed—no danger of hands or clothing being caught—is ball bearing like a bicycle and is the only machine made in the world that Is automatically lubricated; that is why it runs so easily. Send to-day for full particulars of this remarkable machine.

The Spotless Company

122 SH0CK0E SQUARE, RICHMOND, VA.

THE SOUTH'S MAIL ORDER HOUSE

Farmers & Merchants. Attention!

The Largest Dealers in Agricultural Implements, Vehicles, Harness, Saw Mills, Gasolene Engines, Cider Mills, Etc

1426 East Main St. and 1438 East Franklin St., RICHMOND, VA.

want, and for Catalogue The world's

famous

Monarch "Corn Meal

and Feed Mill." Genuine French Burrs. To be appreciated it must be tried

Agents for R. & V. and AlamoGaso-lefce Engines from 2 to 20 Horse Power. Write us for prices on sizes you

The Sharpie's New Tubular 'A' Different from the others. Always in the lead. Not a 'Has Been, but a Right Now' Cream Separator

The finest line of Runabouts, Top Buggiesand

Surries al-wayscarried in Stock.

The New Deere Hay Loader. It loads any kind of hay cleanly and rapidly without breaking or injuring in any way. Write for special circular.

The Hocking

Valley Cider

Mill. The

best on the

market. Has

wooden crush

ing roller and

steel teeth,

which does

not discolor

the cider or

give it the

taste of the

Cast-Iron Roller.

Agents for Dain Hay

Presses

Both Horse

Power and

Steam

Power.

For Sale by THE WATT PLOW COMPANY,

RICHMOND, VA.

1426 East Main Street, ... 1438 East Franklin Street.