Established 1840. 



THE 



Seventieth Year 



Southern Planter 

A MONTHLY JOURNAL 

DEVOTED TO 

Practical and Progressive Agriculture, Horticulture, 
Trucking, Live Stock and the Fireside. 

OFFICE: 28 NORTH NINTH STREET, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING COMPANY. 

J. F. JACKSON, Editor. 



Proprietors. 



Vol. 70. 



AUGUST, 1909. 



No. 8. 



CONTENTS. 



FARM MANAGEMENT: 

Editorial— Work for the Month 749 

Notes on July Issue 752 

A Cheap Silo 754 

The Tenancy System in Virginia 755 

Remarks and Observations on the July Issue 756 

Seeding Crimson Clover 757 

Green Manuring a Factor in Improved Agri- 
cultural Practice in the South 757 

Applying Lime to Land 758 

TRUCKING, GARDEN AND ORCHARD: 

Editorial — Work for the Month 759 

Apples for Planting in Virginia and North 

Carolina 759 

The Virginia State Horticultural Society 760 

Progress in Control of Peach Yellows 760 

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY: 

The Dairy Situation in Virginia 761 

Dual-Purpose Breeds of Cows 762 

The Significance of "Family" in the Breed- 
ing of Red Poll Cattle as Shown by the 

History of the Breed 763 

Virginia Supplies Another Herd Header 765 

State Dairymen's Association 766 

The Care of the Live Stock During August.. 767 

Some Characteristics in Breeds of Hogs 767 

A Virginia Jersey Record 768 



Bacon or Lard Hogs, Which for Profit in 

Virginia? 768 

Bovine Tuberculosis and the Human Race 768 

Dispersal Sale of Ingleside Herefords .769 

A Virginia Holstein Fecord 769 

What a Small Flock of Sheep Can Do 769 

THE POULTRY YARD: 

Poultry Notes 770 

Barred Plymouth Rocks as a Practical and 

Fancy Breed 771 

Choice of Breeds 771 

Poultry Keeping on a Jity Half-Acre Lot. ...771 
.Eighteen Months of Expansion and Experi- 
ence 771 

Poultry Association Show in January 772 

About Grit 772 



THE HORSE: 

Notes 



.773 



MISCELLANEOUS: 

Virginia's Opportunity .774 

The Farmville Dairying Enterprise 776 

Nomination of Commissioner of Agriculture 773 

The Commissioner of Agriculture 780 

Farm Renting Customs in Virginia 780 

, Virginia State Farmers' Institute 781 

Enquirers' Column (Detailed Index p. 828).. 806 
Advertisements 781 



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The Southern Planter. 



DEVOTED TO 



PRACTICAL AND PROGRESSIVE AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, 
TRUCKING, LIVE STOCK AND THE FIRESIDE. 



Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.— XENOPHON. 
Tillage and pasturage are the two breasts of the State. — SULLY. 



70th Year. 



RICHMOND, VA., AUGUST, 1909. 



No. 8. 



Farm Management. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 

The month of July, to this writing (22nd) has been 
warm and dry and this has enabled the small grain crops 
to be harvested and threshing has been in progress all 
the month. The corn crop has made wonderful progress 
as the land was full of moisture and the warm weather 
has suited the crop exactly. Whilst stands are not usu- 
ally as good as could be wished from the ravages of the 
worms during the wet cool weather of June, yet on the 
whole the indications are for an average yield. In many 
sections of the State and the South generally rain would 
not now be unwelcome to give the cowpeas and crimson 
clover seeded in the corn and on the grain stubbles a 
good start and to help on the corn and other forage crop., 
which have been planted. Rain would also help to in- 
crease second crops of hay which are in many places 
much needed as the first crop was greatly injured by the 
wet weather of June. Clover and alfalfa have made good 
growth and is in many places being cut again. Alfalfa 
making a third crop for the season. Those who have 
succeeded in getting good stands of alfalfa are greatly 
pleased with the crop as the yield of hay is great and 
the value of this as a feed for all kinds of stock is beyond 
comparison with any other hay. We are satisfied that 
with the gaining of experience in preparing the land for 
this crop there will be much less trouble in securing 
stands and it will be found that our climate and soils will 
make this one of our staple crops in the course of a few 
' ears. In our June issue will be found several articles 
on the growing of the crop which should be carefully 
studied by those who desire to experiment with it.. 



The condition of the winter wheat crop of the country 
at harvest was 82.4 as against 80.7 last year and a ten- 
year average of 79.6. With the reduced area in the crop 
this improvement in condition will not suffice to bring th 
yield up to that of a year ago by at least 50,000,000 bush- 
els and the indications are that the whole crop will fall 
short of 400,000 bushels at which we placed it in our 
last issue. Mr. Snow, the statistician of the American 
Agricuturist does not place it at more than 375,000,000 
bushels. The threshing results in this State are not so 



far as we hear as good as expected and we fear this will 
be the case in other sections of the wheat belt, espec- 
ially in those parts of the winter wheat belt which suffered 
so much from the wet weather in June and consequent 
flooding of the land. In these sections much of the crop 
was wholly destroyed and the residue badly damaged. 
Spring wheat is slightly above the average condition for 
July 1, and if all goes well with it up to harvest the indi- 
cations are that it will go considerably towards making 
good the deficit in the winter wheat yield though it is be- 
yond a possibility that it can altogether make good the 
deficit. The whole wheat crop of the country therefore 
is likely to be somewhat less than that of last year and 
this condition is reflected in the market where the price 
still holds firm at from $1.20 to $1.25 per bushel in Chi- 
cago. In Richmond the price quoted is from $1.20 to $1.25 
per bushel. We do not see any reasonable possibility 
of any serious reduction from these figures, but rather a 
steady increase in the price and especially will this be so 
if the spring wheat crop should suffer damage before har- 
vest. We still adhere to our opinion that we shall need 
every bushel of wheat which we grow this year to feed 
the people of this country and provide seed for another 
year. European conditions outside of Ergland and Russia, 
are not over-promising. In these two countries indica- 
tions are for more than an average yield. England, how- 
ever, as usual will be a lirge buyer and her needs will 
Lave to be supplied from Canada and Russia, both of 
wHch countries will have large surplus crops for export 
if the weather conditions are favorable up to harvest. 
Germany seems also likely to need much wheat though in 
that country a deficit in the wheat crop is usually largely 
made good by a resort to rye, much rye bread being there 
eaten. Wheat, in our opinion, is good property to hold. 



The corn crop of the country is the largest ever planted, 
exceeding that of last year by over 7,000,000 acres, an in- 
crease of 7 per cent. The total acreage planted is 103,- 
000,000. The condition on July 1st was 89 as against 82 
last year and a ten-year average of 84. If this can be 
maintained to harvest the yield of the crop will be the 
enormous total of over 3,000,000,000 bushels, a larger yield 



750 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[August, 



of one crop than was ever grown by any country in the 
world. Virginia and all the Southern States participate 
in the increased area planted and the condition is high 
in all of them, being up to or in excess of th3 average of 
the country. Virginia has a crop of over 2.000,000 acres 
planted; North Carolina nearly 3,000,000 acres; South Car- 
olina, 2,200,000 acres and Tennessee 3,400,000 acres. With 
favorable conditions up to harvest the South will have 
such a corn crop as she never before harvested and this 
means much for our prosperity. Notwithstanding the in- 
dications of such a large crop the price keeps high, show- 
ing that the reserves are nearly exhausted and that the 
new crop will come on a market wanting the grain. 

The cr.t crop promises a large increase over that of last 
year. It will probably exceed 1,100,000,000 bushels as 
against 756,000,000 bushels a year ago which was a short 
crop. It is not likely that even if this yield be reached, 
it will much affect the price as the country can well use 
a 1,000,000,000 bushel crop. 

The tobacco crop is planted on a much larger acreage 
this year than last, the increase being over 21 per cent. 
Virginia has 140,000 acres in the crop which is about the 
average. North Carolina has 216,000 acres planted which 
is an increase of 8 per cent over last year. South Caro- 
lina has increased her area 25 per cent, but has only 36, 
000 acres planted. Maryland has a less acreage than last 
year. The great increase in the crop is in Kentucky, 
which has 420,000 acres planted, an increase of 75 per cent, 
over last year. We are afraid in the face of this increase 
those of our Virginia friends who planted Burley will find 
themselves against a hard proposition even if they make 
a good crop. The condition over the whole crop is above 
the average and the indications are for a large yield, but 
the quality in many sections is not likely to be of the 
best, too much rain having damaged the quality of the 
crop. 



The condition of the cotton crop on the 25th of June 
was 74 as against 81 in May and a 10-year average of 80. 
This with the greatly reduced acreage planted, 31,000,000 
acres as against 33,300,000 acres last year, would seem to 
indicate that the crop will be so much shorter as to re- 
sult in an advancing market. Indeed, this is already ap- 
parent, sales being made now at 12 cents and over. 



The apple crop seems likely to be a disappointing one. 
The only section of the country holding out a promise of 
a fair yield is New England. In this State the condition 
is 40 which is very low as compared with the average. 

There are yet one or two crops which may be sown to 
make good deficiencies in forage for the stock during the 
winter. Of these cowpeas and sorghum will perhaps make 
as good feed as anything that can be planted, and will, if 
got in during the first half of the month, mature sufficient- 
ly before frost to make a heavy yield of hay if sown on 
land in a good state of fertility or if helped with some 
acid phosphate. Sow half a bushel of peas and a peck of 
and a half of sorghum per acre. Have the land finely 
prepared and cover the peas which should be sown first 



with a cultivator or harrow, or, better, drill them and 
then sow the sorghum broadcast and harrow lightly. 



German millet seeded now will make a good hay crop 
in about sixty days. The land should be. worked down 
fine and the seed sown at the rate of one bushel to the 
acre. Millet should be cut for hay before the seed forms 
and it may then be fed either horses or cows without risk, 
though it is better for cows than horses. The seed is 
injurious to most horses and indeed some horses cannot 
eat the hay even when free from seed without being af- 
fected by it to some extent. 



Buckwheat may be seeded at any time during this month 
and will mature before frost. It will be found useful for 
hogs, cattle and poultry and if not wanted for the stock 
can be plowed down to add humus to the soil. It is used 
in some sections as an improver of the soil for the wheat 
crop and we have had good results reported. The straw 
is of little or no value as feed but the grain is a good 
feed. Sow a bushel or a little more to the acre broadcast 
and harrow in. It is a good crop for smothering down 
weeds. Crimson clover may be sown with the buckwheat 
to make a winter cover crop but in this event the seeding 
of buckwheat should be light or it may smother out the 
clover. 



Rape may be seeded this month for a fall grazing crop 
for hogs and sheep, for which purpose it is excellent. It 
may be sown either broadcast or in drills two feet apart. 
It will make the best yield if planted in drills and culti- 
vated once or twice. If the land is not in a state of good 
fertility it should have acid phosphate at the rate of 250 
pounds and 25 pounds of muriate of potash applied per 
acre. Sown in drills three or four pounds of seed will 
sow an acre, if sown broadcast four or five pounds of 
seed should be sown. If the winter is mild it will live 
over and make another growth in the early spring if not 
grazed too late or too closely. Hogs do well on rape with 
a small ration of corn. In this way a very considerable 
saving of corn can be made in feeding a lot of hogs. It 
is also good pasture for sows in pig, bringing them at far- 
rowing time with a good flow of milk. Sow the Dwarf 
Essex variety. 



Rutabagas and turnips should be sown now. They are 
better sown in drills 2 feet 6 inches apart and cultivated 
two or three times and should be thinned out with the hoe 
so as to stand about nine incites apart ar'l they will then 
make large bulbs on land in a good FLace of fertility 
have grown thirty tons to the ftgtsitn this way but to make 
a yield like this we had to apply,y:enty of goud manure, or 
a heavy application of acid phosphaie and potash, s&y u uu 
pounds of the first and 50 pounds of the latter per acre. 
Where it is not convenient to plant the crop in this way 
it may be sown broadcast and will on good land make 
a fair yield of medium-sized bulbs which can be pulled 
and stored for winter use and the residue can be grazed 
by hogs or sheep. Where the crop is sown broadcast 
crimson clover is often seeded with it and together they 
make good grazing for hogs and sheep. Three pounds of 
seed will sow an acre in drills and four or five pounds is 
sufficient sowed broadcast. No man who keeps sheep and 






1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



< .) 1 



especially ewes should be without rutabagas or turnips for 
them during the winter. They will bring ewes to lambing 
in better shape than any other feed as they are of a lax 
tive and cooling nature and keep the sheep healthy and 
ensure a good flow of milk after lambing. These roots 
are also excellent feed for cattle and hogs, ensuring bet 
ter results from the corn fed. We have fed a bushel of 
roots per head per day to milking and feeding cattle with 
great profit. 



Sow crimson clover or a mixture of crimson clover, 
■wheat and rye, or hairy or winter vetch on all land from 
which crops have been removed and which are not seeded 
in grass or clover. Sow the clover at the rate of ten to 
fifteen pounds to the acre with three pecks of the grain 
mixed in equal parts. Sow the vetch at the rate of three 
pecks to the acre with half a bushel of winter oats or 
winter oats and wheat mixed. These mixtures so seeded 
will make excellent winter covers for the land and pre- 
vent wasting of fertility and also provide grazing for 
stock more or less all winter and then make either a hay 
crop in May or June or can be plowed down to add humus 
to the soil. These crops are of more value to Southern 
lands as recuperators of the humus or vegetable matter 
which is the element most needed to make our lands pro- 
ductive than anything else that can be applied and they 
cost so little beyond labor that they are within the reach 
of every farmer. 



Don't let the weeds grow on your stubbles until they rob 
the soil of all the moisture and fertility or smother out 
the grass and clover which was seeded with the grain. 
You cannot grow a crop of weeds without robbing your 
land and they give you nothing back. As soon as they 
have grown tall enough to cut with a mower run it over 
the field and let the weeds remain as a mulch. In this 
way they will be prevented seeding and the making of 
the seed is when they injure the land most, and at the 
same time you will be preventing the sowing of another 
crop of weeds to make work for another year. 



The saving of the forage crops should have attention 
as fast as they become fit for making into hay or feed. 
Do not let them become mature before cutting them if 
you want them for hay, as after the seed is formed the 
greatest part of the food value of the crop has gone into 
the seed and the stalks and leaves are little more than 
fibrous matter of small value as food. Of course, when 
cowpeas, soy beans and sorghum have been planted mainly 
for grain crops they mu c t be allowed to mature the seed 
sufficiently to cure wiiunut shrivelling, but even these 
should not be allowed >.o stand until they become dead 
ripe before cutting, or much of the seed will be lost. Cure 
all of these crops intended for hay as much as possible 
in the shade. Let them wilt well and then pull into wind- 
rows and when they have dried sufficiently to put into 
cocks put them up in this way to cure out. Don't make 
the cocks too large, but put them up full in the center so 
that they will shed the rain to the outside and keep them 
narrow and tall. Sorghum is a crop that cures slowly and 
should be left broadcast several days to thoroughly wilt 
and then be set up in shocks to cure out. It can rarely 
be so cured out as to pack away safely in the barn. It 



will nearly always mould when stored away in this way 
but it will keep well in the shocks all winter. 



August and September are the best months in the year 
for seeding grass and clover and east of the Blue Ridge 
for seeding alfalfa. We are greatly pleased to see the con- 
stantly growing interest which is being manifested in these 
crops in the South. We receive more enquiries about them 
in a week now than we formerly received in a year. It is 
undoubtedly true that no country has ever become agri- 
culturally and permanently prosperous which neglected 
grass and clover. They are nature's means of recuperat- 
ing and maintaining fertility in the soil and they provide 
the natural food for stock upon which they can be most 
cheaply and quickly grown to maturity and upon which 
they can be made to give the best results. The great 
secret of success in growing these crops is deep and per- 
fect preparation of the soil before seeding and the making 
of this soil sweet and rich and in the South the seeding 
of the grass and clover without a grain crop. A grain 
crop in the South instead of being a nurse crop for the 
grains and grasses is a robber crop and has caused the 
loss of more stands of grass and clover than any other 
cause. The grain crops grow faster and take hold of the 
fertility in the soil and especially of the moisture so much 
ahead of the time when the grass and clover are able to 
do so that they stunt and dwarf the growth of these and 
then the early maturity of the grain in the South causes 
it to have to be cut just at the hottest season of the year 
and thus lays bare the stunted and weakened grass and 
clover to the blazing hot sun which it is not able to stand 
and the crop perishes. In cooler, moister climates the 
seeding of the grasses and clover with grain is a success 
but here it is is a most unwise practice. If you wish to 
follow grain with grass better seed the grain alone and 
then as soon as it is cut prepare the land finely and seed 
the grass and clover alone and you will get a stand. When 
grass and clover is seeded alone in August or September, 
if the land is in that condition of culture and fertility 
which it ought to be in, a sturdy, strong growth will be 
secured before winter sets in which will have so covered 
the land as to protect it from the action of the frost and 
little or no heaving or killing out will occur and in the spring 
the crop will at once commence to grow vigorously and 
by the time the sun becomes powerful will be able to hold 
its own against that luminary and grow to maturity with- 
out check. A crop so seeded will give a hay crop early 
the first year and if the land be rich, a second one. Whilst 
one seeded with grain will do well, if it gives a light cut- 
ting in the late fall of the year following the seeding. Now 
is the time to commence the preparation of the land for 
this crop. Let the plowing be thorough ami fully as deep 
as it had been previously broken, indeed, It may safel/ 
be plowed at this season a little deepen but the bottom 
soil should not be thrown on top but the furrows be set 
on edge so that the new soil can be we!! mixed with the 
old. Then to sweeten the soil give a dressing of a toi 
of lime to the acre and commence to work the land with 
the harrow and roller so as to bring it into as iinc a con- 
dition of tilth as possible and thus encourage ihe ge< min- 
ation of all the weed seeds which weeds it is essential 
should be killed by harrowing and reb arrowing as fast 
as they germinate. Weeds and grass never succeed to- 



752 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



gether. The weeds are the quickest to grow and being 
natural to the soil make the strongest growth and soon 
smother out the grass. Kill them, therefore, before 
seeding the grass. After the soil is in a fine condition 
and the weeds destroyed then apply well rotted farm yard 
manure heavily if you have it and supplement this with 
bone meal, acid phosphate and potash at the rate of 300 
to 500 pounds to the acre and work in well and then seed, 
harrow lightly and roll. Seed heavily. The quantity ad- 
vised to be sown by most seed houses is much less than 
we think advisable. A meadow or pasture to be profitable 
should be thick set with plants from "the start and not 
have to gradually become so from the tillering out of 
the grass plants. We would never sow less than two 
bushels of grass seed per acre and have often sown three 
bushels with great success. It should always be borne 
in mind that however reliable the house from which you 
purchase your seeds, grass seeds are always more or less 
unreliable in germination. Prom no fault of the seeds- 
men but purely from natural causes these seeds are very 
apt not to be viable and especially is this the case with 
the smaller and finer seeds. A wet season at the bloom- 
ing time of the grass will cause this trouble to be inten- 
sified and a wet curing time will destroy the viability. 
Therefore sow abundance of seed to meet these contin- 
gncies. Timothy may always be counted on to germinate 
well as it is a larger seed and can be more easily saved 
and more thoroughly cleaned from the hulls and a peck 
to the acre of this seed is usually sufficient. If Timothy 
is to be sown we would always seed it alone as the de- 
mand of the market is for clean timothy hay and this 
crop should be largely a market crop. It sells for the 
most money but in reality is about the least nutritious of 
the hays. For home feeding a mixture of orchard grass, 
tall meadow oat grass, red top and meadow fescue is worth 
more by dollars per ton than timothy. These grasses will 
be the best to sow for a meadow. In a pasture a mixture 
having still more varieties in it is better. We would add 
Virginia blue, Kentucky blue and perennial rye to the above 
so as to prolong the grazing season as much as possible. 
With these grass seeds sow eight pounds of red clover, five 
pounds of alsike clover and five pounds of alfalfa per acre 
for a meadow. The alfalfa will gradually inoculate the 
the land with the bacteria necessary for its growth and as 
it does this will gradually supplant the others. Mr. Sandy 
has tested this thoroughly in his experiments in grass 
growing and now has fields that were sown with grass 
seeds in which a few pounds of alfalfa were mixed which 
are now practically alfalfa fields with splendid stands. In 
a pasture add to the grass seeds mentioned six pounds of 
red or alsike clover and six pounds of white clover. 

The preparation of the land for the seeding of winter 
oats should have attention this month as the crop to be 
a success ought to be seeded in September. Early seeding 
of winter oats is essential if the best results are 
to be had. The crop should be so well started before the 
cold weather sets in as to cover the ground and in this 
way prevent the damage which is so frequently done by 
the frost in winter. When the roots have had time to get 
well hold of the land and the plant is tillered over the sur- 
face it is rarely that much injury is done to it by frost. 
This crop is of the greatest value to Southern farmers 



and much more care should be taken to give it a fair 
chance of success than is usually taken. It can be made a 
most profitable one as we have known 75 bushels to the 
acre grown in this middle section of Virginia. To make 
such a yield as this requires good land well prepared and 
early sowing and the top dressing of the crop in winter 
with farm yard manure. It will pay for this care whilst 
as usually grown it little more than pays for the cost of 
production. 



It is not too early to begin to make preparation of the 
land intended to be seeded in wheat. Whenever oppor- 
tunity offers set the teams to work breaking the land so 
that it may have plenty of time to get worked into good 
order and become compacted. 



NOTES ON JULY ISSUE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I would like to say to Mr. C. B. Jones that no one has 
ever said that fertilizers, even low-grade fertilizers, do 
no good. But what we have said is that in buying a low- 
grade fertilizer the farmer is paying more for all that 
is of value in it than he would pay in a higher-grade 
fertilizer. In the 3-8-3 goods there will be some worth- 
less filler, though not so much, of course, as in the 2-8-2 
article. Then, too, in buying the 3-8-3 fertilizer he has 
no assurance that the potash in it is not from kainit or 
muriate, and, no matter what its source, it is in too small 
a percentage for the best results with tobacco. Hence, 
I think that tobacco growers especially should mix their 
own fertilizer. I would make a mixture of 3-6-10 for 
tobacco, for that has given the best results in my own 
experiments and in the experience of others to whom 1 
have given the formula. I have never opposed the use of 
fertilizers, but only the wasteful and injudicious use of 
them. If Mr. Jones' 3-8-3 has the potash from kainit, the 
quality of his tobacco will be far inferior to what it would 
have been had he used high-grade sulphate. And for the 
type of tobacco grown in Fluvanna had he had a crop 
of crimson clover turned under for it, he would not have 
needed any nitrogen at all. Planting poor land in tobac- 
co or any other crop and merely depending on a little 
low-grade fertilizer will perhaps get a crop, but the land 
will still be poorer, and will never get rich so long as the 
dependence is solely on fertilizer to get a sale crop. 
Cowpea Hay. 

Few farmers have made more cowpea hay than I have, 
and, in a general way, I would endorse what "R." says 
on page 669, except, as the Editor says, I would not 
cock it so quickly. I would rather have a tedder follow- 
ing the mowers to more rapidly wilt the hay, and would 
rake that afternoon only into long windrows, which I 
would turn with the rake the next morning, and that 
afternoon put into cocks, and then haul to the barn while 
still somewhat limp, but with no external moisture. I 
have made cowpea hay in his way many .years and 
never saw better hay anywhere. In fact, Mr. Jackson 
once said in The Planter that my hay looked more like 
English hay than any he had seen, and that is good praise 
from an Englishman. 

Peach Borers. 

What Mr. Pugh says about the peach borer reminds 
me of an incident I learned many years ago on the East- 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER 



753 



era shore of Maryland. An old woman, who had a small 
place, got in debt, and her little farm had to be sold by 
the sheriff. She had a small peach orchard that was in- 
fested by borers, as all neglected trees will be. She de- 
termined that the buyer should not have her orchard, and 
determined to kill the trees. In order to effect this, as 
she thought, she made a kettle of strong lye and poured 
a gallon or more of hot lye at the base of every tree. 
Instead of killing the trees, she killed the borers and 
the trees took on a new life. Lye made from hard wood 
ashes is doubtless a good thing to kill borers, and I have 
found that painting the stems a foot or more from the 
base with white lead will check the moth greatly. But 
I have never found that either would entirely prevent 
some borers getting in, and it is best to go through the 
orchard in early summer and fall and look for the gum, 
and at once cut the borer out with a knife. You will find 
some, no matter how old the trees are. 

Blight on Irish Potatoes. 

There has been a very considerable amount of blight 
on potatoes here this season where they were not 
sprayed. But the varieties seem to differ in susceptibility 
to the disease. 1 was in a field yesterday which was 
planted one-half with Early Rose and one-half with Irish 
Cobblers. The Rose part was badly blighted, while the 
Cobblers were hardly affected. 

Imported Jerseys. 

It is interesting to note the accounts of the sales of 
imported Jersey cows, and the prices they bring. But 
why should we import Jerseys? I believe that we have 
just as good in this country, certainly have more to select 
from than in Jersey, and can get the home-raised ones for 
less money. These fancy prices for imported Jersey cat- 
tle are generally paid by breeders who know the value 
of a fad in families. But for the farmer who wants cat- 
tle for the profit he can make from their products there 
are thousands of Jerseys in this country just as good as 
the imported ones, and to be had for the prices that a 
farmer can afford to pay, and animals that have been 
bred, too, for great production. The importing is all 
right as a fad for the wealthy, but practical dairymen 
who have a living to make from their cows are not the 
men who buy the fancy imported stock, and for farm 
use the country is full of as good animals as can be im- 
ported. 

Dual-Purpose Cows. 

Mr. Thomas hits the dual-purpose cows about right. 
Many people call the Shorthorns that have been bred to 
deep milking dual-purpose, when, in fact, they are as 
purely dairy animals as any other large dairy cows, hav- 
ing been bred away from the type the beef men need. 
The best beef Shorthorns will seldom do more than raise 
their calves. 

Milk Escutcheons. 

Many years ago I had Guenon's book on the Escutche- 
ons of cows, and at that time, being engaged in breed- 
ing Jerseys, I made quite a study of the system. But 
when I found that some of my best cows had poor escut- 
cheons and some of the poorest had fine ones, I came 
to the conclusion that judging cows by this means was 
very faulty. But I remember when judges at the fairs 
gave very considerable attention to the way the hair 
shaped on the hind quarters. It had about as much to 



do with the milking qualities of the cows as the fad 
for solid colors and black points in Jerseys had. This 
fad did great harm to the breed and caused the retention 
of many a poor cow, and was not broken up till the great 
cow Coomassie showed that a parti-colored Jersey could 
beat the solid-colored ones. 

Useless Fences in a City. 

That picture of the road roller on page 683 shows how 
Richmond and Virginia stick to the fence around the 
Capitol grounds. Twenty years ago in Raleigh I made 
an effort to get the iron fence removed from the Capitol 
grounds. But there was a great remonstrance against 
the removal. Some of us kept hammering away at it, 
and gradually the owners of private residences began to 
remove their fences, and the street was so much improved 
thereby that finally pressure enough was brought to bear 
to get the fence from the Capitol square. And now the 
man who would propose to restore the fence would be 
hooted at. Some day the people of Richmond will see 
that the fence around the Capitol grounds is not only 
useless, but ugly, and it, too, will go. 
Taxes. 

I am glad to see that some one has started a protest 
against the tax system in some of the Southern States. 
In North Carolina they tax everything a man has, even 
to the tools he works with, and then tax the income 
he makes with them. The farmer is taxed for the feed 
he has for his stock, on the stock, too, and on the income 
he makes in his farming, if he makes any of any amount. 
He must swear to all his pigs and all his crops stored, 
and all the money he may have in bank .though that is 
part of the income they are going to tax further, and 
then . pays a tax for the privilege of voting for the men 
to tax him. The merchant is taxed on his goods, his 
cash in bank, and on his income, and if any one escapes 
any of these double taxes in North Carolina, it must 
be by hard swearing against his own conscience. And 
under these conditions, how much false swearing is done 
God only knows. One of the greatest reliefs in leaving 
North Carolina was getting away from the inquisitorial 
taxing system. And Virginia has almost as bad a sys- 
tem. In either State the taxes hit the man of moderate 
means harder than the rich. The farm laborer is taxed 
on his pig or his cow, and on what he is able to scrape 
together in the way of furniture, even the bed he sleeps 
on, and the corn he has bought for his pig. The Editor 
is right in saying that a man should be taxed on what 
he makes and not on the means he makes it with. But 
to tax a man on last year's income and then tax him 
again on what he saved out of it and has in the savings 
bank, where only the income or interest is really income, 
is double taxation with a vengeance. Then, to treble it, 
he is taxed because he is a man and has a vote, and 
then must give two days of his labor on the roads or pay 
out. I knew a piece of road in Virginia, where every one 
of my farm hands had to work two days though not one 
of them had anything to drive over it, and the land own- 
ers on each side were old men and women who paid no 
road tax ,but whose teams used the road. I agree with 
the Editor that no man was ever made sober or religious 
by law. 

Turkey Buzzards 

I have long held that the laws protecting buzzards 



754 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



should be repealed. These birds are an unmitigated nuis- 
ance. Last year I tried keeping some chickens and the 
buzzards would swarm down and rob them of food, and 
were so persistent that I had to take them by the leg 
and throw them over the fence, and then they would 
alight on the chimneys of my neighbors and seemed to 
be holding a conference about that fellow who handled 
them so roughly. They are the greatest of all carriers 
of hog cholera in this country, and I believe that the 
courts would protect any one who protects his premises 
from them by shooting them. Just as in some States like 
Maryland they have a close season for rabbits, so that 
idle fellows may have them to shoot, and then in winter 
they bark the young trees, and in summer eat my cante- 
loupes. There is too much protection given to both these 
nuisances. 

Commissioner of Agriculture. 

I do not see how the plan of "Farmer" would take this 
office out of politics. The fact is that the Commissioner 
of Agriculture should be elected by the Board and be un- 
der the control of the Board, the members of the Board 
being appointed from among the prominent men actually 
engaged in farming, without regard to party. The whole 
organization should be out of party politics and have but 
the one object — the elevation of the farming of the State. 

W. F. MASSEY. 



A CHEAP SILO. 



Editor Southern Planter. 

I would like to give your readers the benefit of my 
experience with a little 12x20 feet silo that I nave been 
using for the last six years. It is simply a hole in the 
ground twelve feet in diameter and ten feet deep, with 
a wooden silo twelve by ten feet set on a rock wall sur- 
rounding the top of this hole. The bottom and sides of 
the excavation and up to the top of the foundation wall 
are smoothly cemented. The only door is thirty by sixty 
inches and is in the wooden part just on top of the 
foundation wall. I usually have a little spoiled silage 
in the wooden part and around the door, out that part in 
the ground keeps every pound of silage perfect and, as 
you know, after settling the most of the silage is in the 
lower half of the silo. 

When I open it for use, I only open the upper half of 
the door and work my way to the top in the first feeding 
and then feed down as in any other silo. As I get down 
below the door I use a short step ladder towards the 
bottom, and when it gets too low for the ladder, I fasten 
a wire to one of the rafters and let it just reach the 
top of the door on the inside and to this wire I put a 
small tackle block. With a boy at the bottom to fill and 
two baskets it is but a few minutes' job to feed ten or 
twelve cows. I would never set a whole silo on top of 
the ground if I could get one-half or two-thirds of it below 
the surface. 

Please tell my farmer friends to go slow on Angora 
goats, as I have tried them and firmly believe them to 
be a worse fraud than Belgian hares. If any of your 
readers want my experience, I will gladly furnish it 
through your columns; or, by letter, if stamp is enclosed. 

Wythe Co., Va. FARMER. 



SOIL FERTILITY. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Doubtless the reader has noticed the difference in lands 
under different management in regard to the retention 
of the soil fertility, either original or applied. It does 
not require a specialist to see that some lands are stead- 
ily running down — losing fertility — under one manage- 
ment, while under another, and that too without any par- 
ticularly apparent effort on the part of the management, 
the lands not only hold their own, but actually show a 
gain from year to year, even while producing rotation 
crops every season. But it will sometimes take a close 
observer to discover the secret of this difference. It is 
to be found in the underlying principles of the manage- 
ment. 

The fact is that this simple process of maintaining 
the soil fertility consists of a series of operations, which 
are scarcely noticeable in this connection, and begins not 
in keeping tne ground scrupulously clean, but in allow- 
ing it to remain in a somewhat belittered condition. The 
sunshine has an impoverishing effect on the soil, while 
the shade and decaying matter has a tendency to enrich 
it. Notice the difference in tne soil which a heap of 
logs or brush on a piece of ground will make within a 
year. It matters not if the technical terms which would 
be necessary to describe the chemical change be left 
off; we can see the effect plainly enough. These heaps 
will help the land ultimately more than any quantity of 
raw fertilizing material which you may spread over it 
will. It is economy to never allow the trashy part of 
feed to go to waste. There are those who never think 
of trying to save anything from this source for enrich- 
ing the land, but who throw it away here and there, 
without any system of economy, and then complain that 
their lands do not produce as well as they should. Not 
only does this feed-waste count, but the droppings from 
the farm stock are worth much to the land if rightly 
applied. 

Then, it would be well to consider the fact that the 
same crops should not, as a rule, be successively grown 
upon the same ground, but a rotation of crops should 
be the rule. All crops do not exhaust the fertility of 
the land to the same extent. A different crop grown 
on the land this year will give it a rest from the ex- 
haustion of a certain property of plant life peculiar to 
last year's crop. And again, land should not be tilled 
or stirred when wet, as this will "kill" the soil, and it 
will sometimes require years for it to become "alive" 
again. 

It is a good plan to observe the land closely, and when 
it is seen to be losing fertility to give it a rest, and only 
small efforts — hardly noticeable — will in time work won- 
ders in reclaiming it.Waste nothing; see to it that all 
straw and other litter is spread over the ground, and 
that the compost heap is always growing. Observe and 
study these matters closely, and you will ere long be 
among those whose farms do not "run down," and that, 
too, without any apparently great effort to keep things 
"going." FRANK MONROE BEVERLY. 

Dickenson Co., Va. 

The statement as to the beneficial effect of heaps of 
logs and brush left on the land reminds us of a remark 
of a farmer of the old school, shiftless and easy-going, 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



755 



who, in a discussion as to the best fertilizer to use for 
improving land, said that in his experience barn aoors 
were the best.His barn doors, unable longer to swing 
on the hinges through neglect in repairing the same, fell 
down on the land adjoining the barn. \Vith character- 
istic shiftlessness they were allowed to remain for a year 
or two until they fell nearly to pieces, and thus were 
easy to remove. The land was then planted in a crop 
and where the doors had lain the yield was a fine one. 
Hence his conclusion. The shade of the doors had re- 
cuperated the land. The cost of this brand of fertilizer 
is no doubt too considerable to make it generally avail- 
able, but the lesson it teaches can be utilized by every 
farmer at an expense easily within his reach. Shade 
the land with a forage crop both winter and summer and 
thus get the improvement and the crop besides. — Ed. 



THE TENANCY SYSTEM IN VIRGINIA. 

I'rufrssor 11'. F. Mussry: 

I read with much interest many of your articles upon 
agricultural topics — even if I do take issue with you as 
to the proper cultivation of corn. Your advice to the 
Southern farmers as to raising leguminous crops is time- 
ly, but this they can never take only to a limited extent 
with the present tenant system. I am making an effort 
to. get our farmers to abolish as far as possible this 
abominable tenant system. With negro tenants we caa 
never expect to build up our farms, and the farming 
business is the only one that I know of where the own- 
ers advance everything to the employees and then allow 
them to exercise their judgment as to how they manage. 
"If a man is poor, keep him poor" is not my attitude 
upon this question at all, but I do say that no man with- 
out capital is entitled to your capital until he has proven 
himself worthy and capable of your confidence upon the 
farm, any more than he would be in the bank, your 
store, factory, or any other business. I have lost thou- 
sands of dollars advancing to tenants. I make more crop 
any year with one team than my tenants make with two, 
and so it goes. I want to request that you give some 
of your observations and experience, too, with tenants 
through the press. It would have great weight with our 
farmers. If it can be shown how our farmers can make 
money or even keep up the fertility of their lands with 
this tenant system, then I am anxious to learn it and will 
know that the fault has been with men and not with 
the system. In this — Southampton county — our large 
land owners are getting worse off financially as fast as 
the years come and go who rent their land out to ten- 
ants. Many of our enterprising farmers become disgusted 
and seek other business. In this immediate vicinity, the 
most of the large land owners have vacated their farms 
and gone to the villages and cities. I could write much 
along this line as to the steps that I think should be 
taken, but I hope to see an expression through the press 
from you. 

With best wisaes and respect. 

C. P. GRIZZARD. 

Mr. Grizzard is right in regard to the tenant or crop- 
ping system in the South. It is the greatest impediment 
to the improvement of the Southern lands, it is an evil 
to the tenants, who, as a rule, would be better off if 



l working for regular wages. Farmers who have more lanl 
than they have means to work and improve had better 
let the extra acres grow up in pines. 

It is simply a relic of the old planting days. Here on 
the Eastern shore of Maryland whole counties nave been 
vastly improved through an intelligent tenant system. 
But to do this there must be farms that are well equipped 
with buildings and dwellings in which intelligent men 
will live. In the best cultivated sections of Maryland a 
man must have proved himself a good farmer in order to 
get a farm. He must have means to stock it properly 
and then must work it right. 

In one county here there are between forty and fifty 
farms in one estate, all in the hands of tenants whose 
occupancy of the land simply depends on the skill with 
which they cultivate it in an improving rotation. Men 
prominent in their county are renters, and find that it 
is better to rent than to buy, though many of them are 
buying farms and renting them to others to improve, 
while they stay on an improved farm. 

A great deal is said about getting Northern and West- 
ern farmers to come South, but the men who are renting 
land at good figures in Illinois could not be induced, to 
rent a place in the South with only a cabin to live in 
and hovels of logs for mules. 

There is nothing in my opinion in which men of means 
could better invest in than well equipped farms of mod- 
erate size, and then rent them to good farmers on a 
contract that will throw half the expenses on the land- 
lord and half on the tenant, and then divide the crops 
equally, the tenant feeding all the roughage on the place 
with no rent on stock, the farm taking pay in the manure 
made, and the land to be worked strictly in a short 
rotation devised for the special crops of the section. 

There could be had plenty of good men who would like 
to come South, but have not means to invest in a farm 
though they have means to stock it and work on shares. 
Men have become millionaires since the war at this in 
Maryland, and could so so all over the south, particular- 
ly in the cotton sections, for there is no money crop 
in this country better than cotton if grown with sys- 
tematic farming, and no crop that keeps men poorer who 
imagine that they can make money cropping a piece of 
poor land in cotton, carried by a merchant, or the land 
owner. And nine times out of ten the land owner who 
carries a tenant will lose money at it. It is a vicious 
system, demoralizing the labor of the country and run- 
ning the land down. It suits the negro because he feels 
that he can work as he chooses and if the crop does not 
pay him out he feels no sense of responsibility. 

The late William McKinney ,of Maryland, said in a 
public speech in the city of Baltimore snortly before 
his death: "They say that farming does not pay, but 
I do not know many of my old comrades that have done 
much better since the war than I have done, for if you 
go to my county seat you will find that I pay taxes on 
one million dollars worth of real estate, all made at 
farming since the war." And he made it by buying farm 
after farm and renting them to good tenants who are 
compelled to farm right. But with the croppers of the 
South and their crop liens, both tenant and land owner, 
and land grow poorer. 

If men in Maryland can become millionaires at farm 






756 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



ing, why can they not do it in Virginia? The only thing 
is to go to farming in a systematic way and gradually 
get on a cash basis, and stop the cropping system alto- 
gether and let the tenants work on wages for those who 
have means. With no capital but his labor and a mule, 
the tenant would be better off without the mule and 
working for wages. W. F. MASSEY. 



REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE JULY ISSUE. 

Fertilizer Experiments. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Mr. C. E. Jones, in the July issue argues in favor of 
low-priced, or rather low-grade, fertilizer for tobacco 
showing a photograph of a field that was by accident used 
in an experimental manner. He fails to say what grade 
of fertilizer was used on the main crop, only specifying 
that applied to the middle row, as shown in the pic- 
ture, which received an application of one hundred pounds 
per acre of 3-8-3 goods, and which he uses as evidence that 
twelve pounds of actual nitrogen and twelve of actual 
potash to the acre are all that are needed to grow suc- 
cessful crops of tobacco. I think, however, that Mr. Jones 
has overlooked the fact that he applied 8 per cent, oi 
52 pounds of actual phosphoric acid (H3 P£ O5), or as 
much as would result from a dressing of two hundred 
pounds per acre of 16 per cent, acid phosphate, a fairly 
liberal application. If Mr. Jones' experiment proves any- 
thing it is that the land was deficient in phosphorous, 
rather than in nitrogen and potash, and, from what I know 
of that county, I should have expected this to be the 
case. 

If Mr. Jones will apply next year to three plots con 
taining one acre each the amount of fertilizing ele- 
ments contained in his mixture at the same rate, or to 
Plot No. 1 seventy-five pounds 16 per cent, nitrate of 
soda; Plot. No. 2 two hundred pounds 16 per cent, 
acid phosphate; Plot No. 3 twenty-four pounds sul- 
phate of potash, and note the results, I think he will 
find that the extra crop produced by the seventy-five 
pounds of nitrate of soda wi 1 not be perceivable in any 
photograph, and that the extra growth induced by the 
twenty-four pounds of potash will not be visible without 
the use of a much more powerful lense than that fur- 
nished by the ordinary camera. 

Experimental work with fertilizers is a complicated 
problem, and one is never sure of a correct interpreta- 
tion of the result without an elaborate system of check 
plots, even when using uncombined chemicals and 
of course, a fertilizer containing three constituents further 
complicates the affair to such an extent as to require 
eight experimental plots to unravel it. 
The Tax System. 

Mr. Ryan has evidently "senced" the whole system of 
local taxation. Of course, the evils he notices exist, and 
no scheme ever devised by man is better adopted to dis- 
courage the thrifty and industrious or to put a premium 
upon the reproduction of the lazy and shiftless, than that 
of taxing a farmer's improvements as distinct from his 
land. It is hard to realize that any set of intelligent men 
could have overlooked a thing so obvious in framing our 
laws. But there is always present in every body of men 
a section prone to reverence what has been, and to frown 
down inovations regardless of their utility. This class 



will be found in medicine, in agriculture, in literature, 
even in mathematics, and as the present system of tax 
assessing, which exacts from every individual a contribu- 
tion in proportion to his efforts rather than his opportuni- 
ties, has descended from our semi-barbarian ancestors, 
when, during fuedal times, it was the custom of the land- 
lord to take from his tenants not a certain proportion of 
the crop, or a fixed sum per acre, but everything he could 
get without actually starving them to death. So it is 
with us to-day. We tax a man not for the opportunities 
he enjoys, but for the use he makes of them. 

Nor is the idea of taxing incomes free from the same 
criticism. Suppose W§ take two men and give each one 
hundred acres of land. No. 1 sets down and gets tenants 
enough to work his farm and manages to just barely live 
from his rents, while the land decreases in productive 
capacity every year. No. 2 goes to work himself, grows 
crops, feeds stock, and returns the manure to the soil. 
In the course of time No. 1 will begin to get poor and 
his land will follow suit. No. 2, however, will first earn 
a pair of horses, then two pair, and finally accumulate 
quite a herd of cattle with a flock of sheep. Now, every 
time No. 2 earns by this labor or saves by his self-denial 
money enough to purchase an additional horse, or cow, 
or sheep, or pig, along comes the tax assessor and puts 
an additional burden on him as a penalty for his thrifti- 
ness until, in the end, No. 2 will be paying double the 
tax that No. 1 pays although he originally had no advan- 
tage in the way of soil, climate or protection from his 
local government. 

Now, in the end, what will be the result? Either No. 2 
and men of his class will pay out of all proportion to- 
wards the necessary expenses of government, or they will 
seek to evade the law by investments of capital outside 
the State, or they will give up and move to some other 
commonwealth, where the industrious man is not handi- 
capped in his competition with the lazy. This is not a 
theory, but a condition present here with us. Look at 
our negro population. They hold thousands of acres 
throughout the State; they are sending more children to 
the public schools in many localities than the whites; 
they enjoy the same protection from the government of 
"life, liberty and pursuit of happiness," but what propor- 
tion of the tax raised, as it is, largely upon personal prop- 
erty, do they pay? If the tax was taken off the per- 
sonal property and put upon the real property, or, in 
other words, the opportunity for prosperity enjoyed by the 
individual, this class would have to at once contribute 
their fair share towards the maintenance of our govern- 
mental expenses, and they would do it, for if -there is 
one thing a negro values it is his piece of land. You 
cannot sell that from him as long as he has two hands 
and the ability to use them. 

Now, as it is, does not the assessment of personal 
property conduce to prevarication, concealment of the more 
valued possessions, and a desire to under value what is 
given in? Commissioners of revenue, please answer, Have 
you not found such a disposition among some of our citi- 
zens? And, as to the tax on bonds, does any one imagine 
that a multi-millionaire would reside in a county where 
he actually had to pay one and one-quarter per cent, on 
his capital to the State. Why, that would be $12,500 a 
year on each million of capital; half a dozen such resi- 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



757 



dents would pay taxes enough to run the local govern- 
men of any county in the State. I wish we had a 
few in Matthews, it would help along the high schools 
and give us good roads in no time at all. 

For my part, I would be willing to make them special 
rates contingent upon patronizing local tradesmen, pro- 
vided they let me tax the source of wealth at the point 
where it is earned; that is, the location, or franchise 
which constituted their original opportunity. 
Purchasing Nitrogen. 

It is said that "nothing succeeds like success," and if 
Mr. Kellar is successful it would seem in a measure to 
preclude criticism of his methods, but agricultural pros- 
perity is such an illusive thing and so dependent upon a 
variety of favorable conditions that one man always asks 
the question, Has he succeeded because he did so and 
so? Or, has he prospered in spite of having pursued 
some other course? And so it is with Mr. Kellar. He 
has succeeded in establishing a market for his dairy pro- 
ducts while keeping his skim milk on the farm, and has, 
by carefully utilizing this by-product, made a financial 
success, which has not been brought about by, and should 
not be attributed to, the particular rotation he has 
adopted. 

Corn, followed by oats, followed by wheat, followed by 
clover, pastured the second year and turned under for 
corn again, is a common enough rotation in the State 
he comes from and has made more farmers poor than 
rich, where the crops are sold off the place as raw mate- 
rial. In order to maintain good crop yields, Mr. Kellar 
.is buying nitrogen for all his grain crops, even the corn 
on the clover sod, and, in spite of the fact that he must 
of necessity have a great deal of stable manure. Mr. 
Marsh says he used 1,200 pounds per acre of 4-6-10 goods 
for tobacco, and 3-8-10 goods for potatoes, but as these 
do not appear in the rotation I hardly know where to 
place them, and will leave them out of the discussion, 
as they are both high-priced crops and can, as a rule, 
pay their own fertilizer bills. 

The fault I find with Mr. Keller's rotation is that he 
has three successive cereals on the land, and only one 
legume in a five-year cycle, and I do not believe that 
one crop of clover will furnish nitrogen enough to make 
a crop of corn, oats, and wheat, no matter how much 
. phosphorous and potash we apply, so he is forced to 
buy commercial nitrates, but if he would put some legume 
in place of the oats, like vetch or peas, he would have a 
better roughage for dairy animals, as it would be one 
requiring less protein concentrate to balance it and at 
the same time enable him to dispense with his 3 per cent, 
of nitrogen for both the small grain crops, and after the 
first cycle from the corn crop as well without diminishing 
his yields of grain. The rotation would then be corn 
with all the manure, followed by vetch with phosphorous 
and potassium, followed by wheat seeded to clover with 
his 10 per cent, phosphoric acid and 8 per cent, potash 
mixture. It appears to me that would result in a con- 
siderable saving in fertilizer bills combined with a more 
nitrogenous feed, thereby affecting a still further saving 
in the purchase of protein concentrates. Of course any 
legume would answer the purpose, that would afford a 
good crop of profitable hay — Canada peas, for instance, 
would fill the place admirably in his latitude. 

Mathews Co., Va. PERCIVAL HICKS. 



SEEDING CRIMSON CLOVER. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

I notice you recommend cultivating crimson clover in. 

I will give you my experience with this clover. I 
bought two bushels of T. W. Wood & Sons last year and 
sowed it in cotton and corn after all cultivating was done. 
Sowed three-fourths of a peck to the acre and did not 
cover in any way, and I never saw a better stand, 
and all who saw it said the same about it. One part 
of it was grazed all the winter and I took the stock off 
the first of March and it grew about eighteen inches high 
and was the prettiest clover patch I ever saw. It looked 
like grazing did not hurt it in the least; the grazing made 
it branch out and get thicker, if anything. One of my 
neighbors sowed a bushel of crimson clover seed about 
the same time I did and he plowed his in and I do not 
think one seed out of a thousand came up, and I do 
not think one out of a thousand of mine failed of coming 
up. 

I never cultivate, harrow or roll my seed in. Do all 
that before I sow and leave the seeds on the land. The 
rain washes them in enough for me. W. H. WILSON. 

When we advise the sowing of seed and cultivating it 
in we do not mean plowing it in. There is a difference 
between cultivating and plowing. The one is done with 
a harrow or light cultivator like the Iron Age cultivator, 
the other is done with a plow. Our experience has con- 
vinced us that thousands of bushels of clover seed of 
all kinds are wasted in the South by trusting to Provi- 
dence to cover them. To grow and stand, a seed must 
have soil around it and the closer it is packed to the 
seed the better the chance of its growing and standing. 
The quantity of soil to be packed over the seed depends 
on the size of the seed. A small seed like clover only 
wants a light covering. Wheat requires more soil on it, 
and corn still more. When the seed is left to take its 
chances on the surface many of the young plants perish 
before the roots can get hold of the land, and especially 
is this so with crimson clover, if a hot sun blazes upon 
it the first few days after it germinates. If the weather 
be cloudy or the crop in which it is sown shades it well, 
it may succeed in getting hold. God helps those most 
who help themselves,, and we think it a duty to help to 
make a seeding successful by giving it proper conditions 
for success. — Ed. 



GREEN MANURING A FACTOR IN IMPROVED AGRI- 
CULTURAL PRACTICE IN THE SOUTH. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The growing of crops for green manuring purposes, 
especially leguminous crops, is one of the most important 
inovations in connections with the Southern agriculture. 
The best practice, however, requires that where these 
green manures are used directly, they should be allowed 
to make their full growth and be turned under dead or 
dormant in cold weather. This is made advisable by rea- 
son of the fact that when turned under during hot 
weather, especially on the sandy soils that prevail over 
a large portion of the South Atlantic States, rapid oxida- 
tion and fermentation result in the serious souring of a 
soil unless lime is used to sweeten it. 






758 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. 



[August, 



Many carefully conducted experiments in the Southern 
States have shown that green manuring as it is generally 
understood and practiced in the Northern States, cannot 
be used to advantage except in the early spring months 
before a hoed crop, but by allowing the crop to reach 
maturity and the selection of the right crops for green 
manuring purposes and the turning of them in at the 
right time, quite as full benefits may be reaped from the 
practice of green manuring in the South as in the North. 

The question naturally arises, whether it is more profit- 
able to turn under green manures, as, for instance, the 
ricu legumes which furnish valuable hay for forage, or 
whether it is more desirable to feed this crop to the 
farm animals. This question will, however, find its solu- 
tion in the kind of farming practiced, and, since most of 
the farmers in those regions where green manuring, is 
likely to do the most good, are not interested chiefly 
in live stock farming, the only alternative, providing the 
humus supply is to be kept up, is to make the best 
possible use of the crops since the purchase of stable 
manure is not very often possible. The question has re- 
solved itsef into the relative value of commercial ma- 
nures and green manures and their use in combination 
with each other. 

The general use of green manures has, in some sec- 
tions, resulted in the abandonment of the use of am- 
moniated fertilizers since legumes are used for the prin- 
ciple crop of the rotation which is turned under, and the 
nitrogen supply is obtained from the air instead of from 
expensive commercial sources. It has come to be a com- 
mon practice in the South to sow peas or crimson clover 
among the corn. Where peas are sown, the farmers disk 
the crop down after cutting the corn and sow winter 
oats, thus obtaining a considerable amount of organic 
matter in the soil. The oat crop is then followed by peas 
after harvest, to be made into hay and crimson clover 
is sown on the pea stubble to be turned in for cottc?i 
or a succeeding crop. By following such a rotation 
crops of 75 bu. of oats per acre, and two tons of pea vine 
hay, have been obtained. Where a crop of pea hay is par- 
ticularly heavy it has been found that it is not desirable 
to plow it under because this may prevent the soil from 
being warked satisfactorily into a condition favorable to 
the character of soil which the wheat crop demands. 
Furthermore, too large an amount of organic matter may 
result in a wheat straw which is apt to lodge badly. This 
This can be corrected, however, by the use of sufficient 
quantities of acid phosphate and muriate of potash, since 
the tendency of these elements is to produce grain and to 
stiffen the straw which would otherwise be too weak 
to support a full crop of heavy grain. A mixture com- 
posed of 300 pounds acid phosphate and 50 pounds of mur- 
iate of potash applied to the acre will go far towards 
increasing the yield of grain. 

Although, in some parts of the South Atlantic coast, 
some of the farmers have come to the conclusion that 
acid phosphate no longer pays, I am of the opinion that 
results would be entirely different if acid phosphate were 
used in connection with muriate of potash, since the 
greater part of these sandy sofls are not only deficient 
in potash, but in phosphoric acid as well. These two 



plant foods usually work well together and neither will 
have its best effect when supplied alone. 

The hope of the South for the future development of 
her agriculture, and the hope of any warm climate, must 
be in the restoration and maintenance of the humus con- 
tent of the soil. This requires a short rotation since the 
oxidization of the organic matter is much more rapid in 
warm climates. In our Southern States it can best be 
accomplished by the use of cow peas and crimson clover, 
the one for forage and the other for a winter crop and 
green manure, and by encouraging the growth of these 
legumes by liberal application of phosphoric acid and 
potash, the feeding of the pea vine hay to the cattle and 
returning the manure to the soil. 

A successful agriculturist in the vicinity of Pinehurst, 
N. C, has in this way brought up an absolutely barren 
sand to the production of over 30 tons per acre of corn 
silage, 5 tons of pea vine hay per acre in two crops on the 
same land the same year, both aided by liberal applications 
of acid phosphate and potash. F. W. YERSON. 



APPLYING LIME TO LAND. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I have read with interest several inquiries as to how 
best to apply lime to land. As I have had very satis- 
factory results I will give my way of doing it. 

I check the land off so that piles can be uniformly 
placed two rods apart each way. That will give four 
square rods to be covered from each pile of one bushel. 
I have piles covered with four inches of firm soil as soon 
as put down and pack the soil hard with shovel. In 
forty-eight hours the lime will be fine as flour and can 
be evenly distributed with a grain scoop by having men 
take a scoopfull and walk around the plot one rod each 
way from the pile. This can be done very rapidly and 
evenly with a little care, then follow with cutaway disc 
harrow each way, and after rolling it let it stand two 
weeks before seeding. 

Soil Inoculation. 

Various opinions are expressed regarding the success 
or failure of commercial soil inoculation material. I 
will give my experience. I got a supply of culture to in- 
oculate ground for vetch. It came late, after I had sown 
the vetch seed and the plants were up four inches. I 
put the different materials together and waited the length 
of time as per instructions. The water did not look 
cloudy enough to suit me so I took it to our College chem- 
ist who examined it under a powerful glass and said it. 
should stand longer. In twelve hours I returned for an- 
other examination and found it in splendid condition. 
Looking through the glass the bacteria looked like a flock 
of sheep playing on a pasture. I then applied by lightly 
sprinkling over the growing crop at night when rain was 
falling. The result was a fine crop as far as I applied the 
culture but no further. I would like to hear from Prof. 
Massey on this experiment. 

Berea, Ky. S. L. CLARK. 

HIS OPINION. 

"Isn't there a great deal of water in the cellar?" asked 
the prospective tenant. 

"Yes," answered the agent, proudly. "We ought to 
call it a natatorium and charge extra rent for it." — 
Harper's Bazar. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



759 



Trucking, Garden and Orchard. 



WORK FOR THE MONTH. 
There is not much to be done now in the way of plant- 
ing crops as it is getting too late to expect anything now 
to mature before frost and it is too early to plant crops 
to stand over the winter. Sowings of English peas may 
be made for a fall crop. There is considerable uncertainty 
about this crop but when the weather suits it the product 
is much appreciated both on the market and on the table. 
Throw out deep drills and make the soil fine and cover 
lightly and as the peas come up work the soil to them 
and thus keep them cool at the root. Much depends upon 
sufficient moisture in the ground and the setting in of 
cool weather when the vines begin to run as to the yield. 
Sweet corn may yet be planted to keep up the supply as 
long as open weather lasts. 



Celery plants should be set out where they are to grow 
to maturity. The land should be made rich and be finely 
worked. You may use with advantage all the farm yard 
manure you can apply to the extent of covering the land 
or filling the trenches inches deep with it and this should 
be supplemented with a fertilizer analyzing 7 per cent, of 
ammonia, 5 per cent of phosphoric acid and 8 per cent, 
of potash. This can be made by mixing 250 pounds of 
nitrate of soda, 600 pounds of dried blood, 850 pounds of 
acid phosphate and 300 pounds of muriate of potash to 
make a ton. Mix this at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds to 
the ton with the farm yard manure, or apply to the land at 
the rate of one thousand pounds to the acre, where no 
manure is used. It is no use trying to grow good 
celery without plenty of manure or fertilizer. The 
plants may either be set out in the trenches six 
feet apart and wide enough to hold three rows of 
plants, set six inches apart each way, or it may be grown 
in beds five feet wide. A space eight feet wide should 
be left betwen each bed to provide soil for earthing up 
the plants. The plants should be set in rows across the 
beds one foot. apart with eleven plants to each row. When 
setting out the plants cut off part of the long roots and 
clip back the tops if they are tall and spindling. This will 
make the plants grow stocky. Keep the land well cul- 
tivated between tne plants and see that they do not suffer 
for want of water. It is always well to plant out celery 
where it can be irrigated if possible. Never cultivate 
the plants when they are wet or they will rust. As the 
plants grow just draw sufficient soil to them to keep them 
upright and do not allow them to spread out on the ground. 
Do not however earth up the plants to bleach them until 
cold weather has set in and growth is practically made. 



the heads may form before the weather becomes so cold 
as to stop growth. They should be ready for cutting in 
October, November and December. 



Old strawberry beds should be plowed up and the land 
for planting new beds be prepared. The beds should after 
plowing be harrowed fine and the weeds be encouraged to 
germinate and these be killed by reharrowing frequently. 
Weeds are great hindrances to successful strawberry 
growing therefore get rid of as many as possible before 
setting out the plants. Apply fertilizer and manure and 
work in thoroughly so that it will be available to give 
the plants a good start before frost. October is early 
enough to set out the new plants. 



Gather and ship or store all fruit as it becomes ripe. 
If to be kept for home use during winter cool off thoroughly 
and then store in a dry cellar where the temperature can 
be kept as near equable as possible. Close up during the 
day and open at night until the weather becomes too cold. 



Sow crimson clover on all land not wanted for other 
crops. This will make a cover for the winter and a fallow 
to turn down in spring. 



Seed for raising fall cabbages should now be sown on 
a very rich bed and the same be kept moist to force a 
quick growth so that the plants may be ready to set out 
in the latter part of September. Flat Dutch and Savoy 
are the varieties to grow. 



Cauliflower brocoli plants should be set out. These make 
heads like cauliflower and are grown just as cabbages 
are grown. They want rich land to force growth so that 



APPLES FOR PLANTING IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH 
CAROLINA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I should like very much to see an article on this sub- 
ject. I believe it is generally recommended not to try too 
many varieties, but to confine the bulk of the orchard to 
a few standard kinds of Winter Apples. What are the 
"few standard kinds" best adapted to this section? Sup- 
pose, for example, an orchard of one thousand trees is to 
be planted for commercial purposes, how many of these 
trees should be Winesaps, how many York Imperials, how 
many Ben Davis, etc., and etc. How many and what 
kinds should be set for permanent trees, and how many, if 
any, for fillers. If fillers are to be used what varieties 
are recommended for this purpose? With moderate at- 
tention how long before such an orchard could reasonably 
be expected to yield enough apples to cover the annual 
expenses, and how long before it could be expected to 
yield a profit. 

Buncombe Co., N. C. R. P. J. 

The Winesap is well suited to your conditions, but I 
would plant more of the Stayman, said to be a seedling of 
the Winesap, and a larger and better upple. The York 
Imperial will also do well, and the Rome Beauty and 
Virginia Beauty. I would not plant any Ben Davis. The 
markets are learning its poor quality and the Ben Davis 
is not going to sell in the future as it has in the past. 
Nor would I use apples as fillers, for amost invariaby 
the man who plants apple trees as fillers hesitates to 
take out trees that are paying well and thus gets his 
orchard crowded. I would plant the apple trees forty 
feet apart on good land, and would then fill in with peach 
trees which will have run their race by the time the ap- 
ples need all of the land, and can be easily pulled ouL 



760 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August, 



In planting 1,000 apple trees in your section I would plant 
half of them Stayman, one-fourth Winesap, one-eighth 
York Imperial and one eighth Rome or Virginia Beauty, 
as a dark red apple sells better than a light colored one. 
This of course if you want only late apples. If you want 
some summer and fall apples I would plant Red Astra- 
kan, Early Harvest, Carolina Red June, Horse and Buck- 
ingham. Plant yearling trees. You can get these cheaper 
they cost less freight, and they are mere switches with 
live buds all the way up the stem, and can be cut back 
when planted so as to start a low head, and a low 
headed tree is better in many respects than a tall one, 
especially in these days when we must spray the trees. 
I prune all the roots smooth about six inches long. Plant 
very firmly by ramming the earth tight, and then cut the 
stem back to a bud about 20 inches from the ground, and 
the next spring select three or four well situated shoots 
to form the head on and rub off all the others. The only 
use of a tree trunk is to carry the head, and if you have 
just enough for that it is better than a stem four feet 
tall; making the trees easily blown over and exposing 
the stem to the sun longer and finally making a tree hard 
to gather fruit from or to spray thoroughly. 

W. F. MASSEY. 
From seven to ten years will be required to bring the 
apple trees into bearing sufficient to cover the annual ex- 
pense according to the varieties planted. The peaches 
which are suggested as fillers should give a crop suffic- 
ient to meet the annual expenses of the orchard in from 
four to five years from planting. — Ed. 



THE VIRGINIA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The Executive Committee of the Virginia State Horti- 
cultural Society met in the Secretary's office at Crozet to- 
wards the end of June. An invitation was extended by the 
Executive Committee of the State Farmers' Institute for 
the State Horticultural Society to be represented on their 
programme at the Annual Meeting of the Institute at 
Charlottesville, August 10, 11 and 12. This invitation was 
cordially accepted and three topics selected, viz.: "Or- 
chard management" by Dr. S. W. Fletcher, (Director at 
Blacksburg) 30 minutes; and Professors Alwood and 
Price, Dr. M. L. McCue and Mr. T. W. Steck, 10 minutes 
each; "Potato Growing," by Mr. W. W. Sproul, President 
of the State Horticultural Soociety; "Value of Fruit 
Growing to the Farmers of Virginia," by Hon. S. L. Lup- 
ton, 30 minutes, and Hon. J. B. Watkins, Messrs. B. C. 
Moomaw, Walter Whately and T. L. Tate, 10 minutes each. 

That the fruit growers of the State are recognizing the 
enormous benefit the influence of the Society is exerting 
in the development of the fruit industry of the State was 
shown by the Secretary's statement that up to June the 
membership had more than doubled the number of last 
year. It was also decided that the Society shall collect 
an exhibit of apples to be shown at the State Fair at 
Richmond in October, the results from their exhibit hav- 
ing been so satisfactory. The subject of the apple crop 
prospects for both Virginia and the country generally 
were discussed. As soon as sufficient accurate data can 
be obtained a forecast of crop conditions and probable 
prices that our growers should obtain will be sent to 1 



each member of the Society. As this is a most import- 
ant matter to the orchardist the greatest pains will be 
taken to get this information as accurate as possible, 
hence the notice can hardly be sent out before the lat- 
ter part of August and as the information it will contain 
is of the greatest importance and may be the means of 
saving many dollars, members are advised to wait for it 
before making contracts to sell their apples. 

Crozet, Va. WALTER WHATELY, Secretary. 



PROGRESS IN CONTROL OF PEACH YELLOWS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Attention has already been called, in your columns, to 
the severe losses, in fact almost total destruction of the 
peach industry, in many sections of the country, by peach 
yellows, from which we should be able to give some idea 
as to what the losses in our orchards are likely to be 
in the future. 

Attention has also been called to the fact that this 
disease while quite prevalent in some sections of the 
State, has not done near the damage it has in other 
sections of the country and that in such cases, if prompt 
measures are adopted, the disease may be controlled 
without serious losses. 

The figures compiled from reports of inspectors and 
presented to the fruit growers in Rockingham County 
some time ago, indicate that something over 20 per cent, 
of the peach trees in orchards inspected in that county 
in 1908, were affected with peach yellows; and that while 
this number is quite large, we have found that the owners 
of these orchards were quite willing to take the proper 
steps to control the trouble, when it was pointed out to 
them, and that nearly all of these diseased trees were 
destroyed before the season closed. 

This work has been planned with an eye to its practical 
benefit to the grower; hence a group of orchards in dif- 
ferent sections of a number of counties were inspected 
and the records from same kept separate, so that thor- 
ough re-inspections could be made and accurate figures 
obtained as to the number of trees to show up yellows 
each year. It would not be a practical proposition, under 
present conditions, to obtain such accurate figures for 
entire counties. 

In one section near Harrisonburg, orchards containing 
a total of 2,570 trees were examined in the summer of 
1908, at which time a total of 372 trees or about 14 1-2 
per cent, were found to be diseased. Re-inspection early 
in September showed that practically every diseased tree 
marked, in this territory had been destroyed. 

These orchards have just been re-inspected with the 
result that 77 trees were found to have developed the 
disease since last September, or nearly four per cent. 

This disease requires several years to show up plainly 
in a tree, after the first infection has taken place. At 
least this is apparently the case; hence we should not 
lay too much stress on the figures here presented. Other 
sections of the State, however, in which we have taken 
th same precautions as to collecting data on thorough- 
ness of control, agree very well with the figures given 
here. 

J. L. PHILLIPS 

Blacksburg, Va. State Entomolog-'st. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



761 



Live Stock and Dairy, 



THE DAIRY SITUATION IN VIRGINIA. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

What you had to say on "Dairying in Virginia" (page 
590) was read with more than usual interest in our neigh- 
borhood. 

As soon as I became a citizen of Virginia 1 took a spec- 
ial interest in everything that I believed to be for the 
good of the Commonwealth. 

I have "pushed" in the direction of better roads, bet- 
ter schools, and better farming; as means of greater 
prosperity. As I now see it, there is nothing that is of- 
fering more to the financial interests of our people at 
large, and our farmers in particular, than the dairy in- 
dustry. 

But this industry is suffering from the same trouble 
tnat our public roads and schools did a few years ago: — 
being "strangled at the hands of its nurses." 

Several farmers in this section of the country, who 
had made considerable outlay to start in the business 
were "held up" by the Richmond authorities, as objects 
lessons of fear, to several others who were looking for- 
ward in that direction. 

As things now are their farms may grow poorer, and our 
c'ties may send much of their money out of the State, 
and pay unnecessary transportation on dairy products, 
but they will not invest, while they are in doubt as to 
what kind of inspection they will have to meet in the 
near future. 

The dairy business can never reach the magnitude de- 
sired by the whole Commonwealth, without such inspec- 
. tion as will give confidence to the consumers that they 
are protected from unclean dairy products. In order that 
the farmers of our State may be induced to furnish the 
cities of the State with dairy products, the simplest, com- 
mon-sense inspection should be administered; and that 
under State control, so the farmers will have confidence 
in its stability. As it is now many fear to enter the bus- 
iness, lest in a short time the requirements will be so 
changed as to involve great expense or they must go 
out of the business. 

One of the most energetic dairy farmers within my 
knowledge, who has a clean, healthy herd of cows, and 
was passed with encouragement by the State Inspector, 
is planning to let the business die out from under him 
rather than go any further in meeting uncertain con- 
ditions. 

I would advise the dairy farmers to hold on to their 
business, and call for such legislation as will meet the 
needs of the whole people. 

As the prosperity of our State depends on its agri- 
culture, and the success of its agriculture depends on 
soil fertility, and dairying being the quickest and most 
economical method of soil improvement, and, in order 
that every other industry in the State may be stimulated 
and benefitted, it is only reasonable to hope that the 
State will do itself the honor of freeing this industry 
from its present embarrsssment. 

Albemarle Co., Va. ALBERT MURPHY. 

We are entirely in sympathy with the views of our 



correspondent in this matter. There is need for immedi- 
ate and vigorous action on the part of the dairymen of 
the State with the view of modifying the existing re- 
quirements of the Richmond City Board of Health, which 
through Dr. Levy and his amateur inspectors is imposing 
practically prohibitive restrictions on the development 
of the dairy industry in the State. These men go about the 
country with score cards in their hands and visit the 
farms and mark a man up or down as suits their fancy 
with but little practical knowledge on the subject, and 
as they score so the farmer is either allowed to carry 
on his business or compelled to close up. This whole 
score card business is a farce and a fraud and is carried 
on by men who have not an atom of right to go out to 
the farms at all. They are trespassers and intruders 
and should be so treated. The State Dairy Commissioner 
is the proper person to make these inspections. He has 
lawful authority to do so and everyone who knows Pro- 
fessor Saunders knows that he will so exercise his au- 
thority as to do justice to both producer and consumer. 
He is a skilled scientific dairy expert and at the same 
time himself a practical farmer and dairyman and in hia 
judgment farmers may have perfect confidence and con- 
sumers of dairy produces be assured that their interests 
are closely watched. Let the city authorities be told to stay 
within the city and inspect the products when they come 
within their jurisdiction. If they cannot pass test then 
let them be condemned but not before and let the pro- 
ducers have the right of appeal to a higher authority 
and to the courts. At present all that stands between 
the dairyman and prosperity or ruin is the "say-so" of 
one of these so called inspectors, men who have had no 
skilled training in the business and who can just as eas- 
ily score 50 as score 75 and give just as good a reason 
for the one score as the other. The one means profit; 
the other ruin to the producer. If instead of this ridi- 
culous system there was substituted the requirement 
of the license of the State Dairy Commissioner to pro- 
duce and ship dairy products and the further require- 
ment that the city retailers' should pasteurize all milk 
sold in the city, consumers would have complete protec- 
tion from the risk of disease producing products. The 
highest bacteriological authorities assert that with pas- 
teurization all the disease germs of typhoid and other 
fevers are destroyed and the growth of dangerous bac- 
teria stopped and yet the food value of the milk or 
cream is not impaired. Without this no score card fig- 
uring can assure wholesome milk in the cities. In the 
face of this easy solution of the problem of inspec- 
tion, which as now conducted is practically killing 
the dairy industry of the State which the Legislature 
of the last session earnestly endeavored to foster and 
which is of vital importance to the State, the Board of 
Health of the Cit of Richmond, representing the largest 
market in the State, so exercises its powers through its of- 
ficer, Dr. Levy, as to refuse to permit of pasteurization 
and so permit his inspectors to exercise authority as 
to have placed the city of Richmond in dire straits 
for milk and cream. Every day consumers complain that 



762 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



they cannot get supplies and the ice cream merchants 
cannot begin to supply their trade. Let the dairymen 
of the State get together and make themselves heard 
and if need be force litigation on the subject and we 
shall soon have an end of the trouble and the dairy in- 
dustry will flourish. — Ed. 



DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS OF COWS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

Mr. Thomas, in answering the Dual Purpose Cow propa- 
ganda of Mr. Luttrell, does not seem willing to make 
suitable allowances for shortcomings in milk yield of 
Short Horn, Red Polled or other breeds of cows claim- 
ing place in both the beef and milk class. Doubtless it 
was not his intention to claim that all Red Polls or any 
considerable number of them certainly not in any one 
herd would average four gallons at a milking. I doubt 
the ability of any special dairy cow owner to make 
such a statement truthfully. When the facts are truth- 
fully stated, is not the very high record cow at milk 
production even amongst the Holsteins or Jerseys, 
quite exceptional? I have seen, either on the farm or at 
the Fairs, a great many of the best collections of cows 
on the continent which brings one to the conclusion 
that "one gallon to the teat ' cows as a regular yield 
are about as scarce as the Senators who represent no 
vested interests are just now in the Senate. Not long 
since while strolling through the big red barn of a Jer- 
sey breeder who is making a practical success of ship- 
ping milk and cream I took a glance at the milk sheet. 
It ran 3 1-2, 5, 7 and but once up to 17 lbs. Most of the 
cows being under 10 pounds and that on splendid silage 
and other feed and generally good keep; Frank men who 
have bred much stock of any sort will readily admit that 
the product even of our most highly prized matings 
very often do not realize upon our expectations. Years 
spent in a noted dairy section where most prepotent sires 
known to special purpose breeds and best equipment for 
the farm, had been used for a generation, at least, con- 
vinces me there are many b anks drawn in this breed- 
ing business — some disappointed fancier called it a "lot- 
tery." 

Though confessing an inherited fondness for the red, 
white and roans — my father even after he quit ranching 
to practice medicine always kept a few Shorthorns and 
always expecting to make them a feature of our farm- 
ing — yet, to please "Meh Lady," at least two milk 
cows of a radically different build had the same care 
for ten years. Two of the best milk cows — a grade 
Holstein and a grade Jersey — found in that country 
were bred at considerable trouble, one to a Golden 
Ferns Lad and one to a Flying Fox Jersey bull. Both 
calves came females as desired. So far all right, but 
the rest was all wrong. Foxy Grandma by the per- 
fection of her form for dairy use led us to expect 
great things. She wou'd have stood in any Jersey 
breeder's stable or even show herd with no discredit. 
There was no indication whatever of any beefing ten- 
dency either in conformation or pedigree She had all 
the producing points — everything but the milk. After 
keeping her until her third calf — with never as much 
as six pounds of rather poor milk, she was sold 



to a man who believed such a correctly marked Jersey 
couldn't be a poor milker. The Golden Fern calf grew to 
be chubby about the head, thick in the neck and bris- 
ket, ratner well neshed, in fact too much so to breed, 
so she made very fair beef this spring. 

Another cow now in her prime, has given three gallons 
at a milking, is not quite so smooth, but strange as it 
may seem, her sire was a Scotch bull of the most famous 
beef producing family viz.: Chuickshank's Victorian. For 
these and a multitude of other reasons, one who would 
be restrained by the truth can not say that certain cows 
being chalk-lined and square ended cannot give milk and 
others set up on the angular, wedgy pattern must nec- 
essarily average high at the pail. Lord Rothschild's rec- 
ords with three breeds in large numbers for many years 
have resulted in favor of the Shorthorns, calves counted. 
Twenty-one Jerseys averaged 6,919 lbs. milk; Thirty-six 
Red Polls 6,743 lbs.; fifty-seven Shorthorns, 6,706 at no 
greater food cost, practically. 

Since one swallow does not make a summer, in like 
manner a few men, dairymen here and there, do not make 
the cattle business. For every specialist with but one 
idea, the milky way, in his head there are a dozen sen- 
sible, all around stockmen who value the .cow, not only 
for her milk while she lives, but the carcass, hide and 
calves as well that she leaves behind. 

Some have argued that it is easier to bring a herd 
into superlative excellence along one line than two. This 
would seem true at first thought, still there is room for 
difference of opinion on that. Even to grant it, it would 
not necessarily follow that the variety thus established 
must merit great popularity. In fact both experience and 
observation convince practical farmers that the special 
purpose animal with its highly developed nervous oiv 
ganism does not suit the average conditions which obtain 
on a majority of farms. With Shorthorn cows that pro- 
duce nearly twice as much milk and bring as much more 
when either they or their calves go to market we are 
now agreed on leaving the special purpose cow to the 
specialist. Instead of being unnatural for a fat cow to 
give milk it is quite the proper thing to do. Nature 
intended that the fleshy as weU as the thin should produce 
and nourish offspring. It has been my experience that 
development of the young from any female will be all 
the better for her having a surplus of flesh at its birth. 

If Mr. Thomas will run down to Woodburn or Bull 
Run I shall have much pleasure in showing several of 
what I conceive to be as close an approach to the double- 
decker type so much discussed and ignored by self-con- 
stituted critics. Two are by Nominee No. 131262. He 
was first in class, best Shorthorn any age and Grand 
champion over all beef breeds at Hamilton and Toronto, 
Canada, Des Moines, Iowa; Hamline, Minn.; and Omaha 
Neb. Certainly no bull of a higher standard for beef 
ever came into Virginia. One of these is giving seven 
pounds at a milking and the other refuses to be dried 
off although her calf went to a Loudoun County steer 
grower and is fourteen months old now. She will give 
more milk still than the Flying Fox Jersey ever did 
fresh. These cows are good size and young yet but not 
overly large or rough. 

Again witness the multiplicity of advice we have 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



763 



from the best authorities to grow and use heavier horses 
and how the Percheron, for instance, is gaining over 
Uie thoroughbred even in Kentucky and Tennessee. There 
are of course owners of large estates and some few men 
who farm for pleasure, regardless of cost, who main- 
tain horses to ride or drive only. Such exceptions however, 
but prove the general rule that farmers expect a divers- 
ity of tasks from their horses. Mine take from 1,000 to 
1,500 pounds to Washington and back in a day, haul 
4,300 pounds of fertilizer from the station, are heavy 
enough to log ordinary timber; quick enough to get us 
to Sunday School on time and in fairly good shape. Un- 
accountable as it may seem to the one idea man the big- 
gest, best puller is also the quickest and handiest in 
lighter leather. These were got by a Perchron out of 
Morgan mares. This brings the Percheron horse and 
Rambouillet sheep, France's most valuable contributions 
to agriculture to mind, as noteworthy exponents of the 
dual purpose plan and their remarkable popularity is un- 
mistakable evidence for us and against the special purpose 
idea. The average farmer (and that takes in most of us) 
is not able to maintain four horses to do the work of two. 

What shepherd prefers a bare sheep with wool at 33 
cents a pound, in fact is not the ram now in demand 
even in our mutton breeds more and more required to be 
a well covered sheep? "Wooled from nose to toes" seems 
to be the Shropshire slogan and we Southdown breed- 
ers are tumbling into the dual purpose band wagon as 
fast as we can. 

Other concrete examples of the pre-eminence to which 
those kinds of plants and animal life so desirably ver- 
satile in constitution and temperament as to serve 
their owners acceptably in more ways than one have 
attained are not far or hard to find. Look through the 
poultry coops on So. Watts St., Chicago; Center Mar- 
ket. Washington D. C, New York City, and it's dollars 
to doughnuts that the hawk-barred colors of the Ply- 
mouth Rock will greet your vision oftener that that of 
any of the special egg machines. So widespread and per- 
sistent has been their acceptance by the public that the 
only breed which can honestly claim to rival such popular 
ity is its closest imitator itself likewise an American 
dual purpose production, the Wyandotte. Advocates of 
the combination theory in breeding need not rest their 
claims for public favor upon either, yet so far as Short- 
horns are concerned we can stand on one leg and whip 
— are they not only making more beef than any special 
beef breed and more milk than any dairy breed? 

The world's record for egg production on a flock is held 
and has been for years by White Plymouth Rocks If 
we are to judge by the outstanding success of depart- 
ment stores and big general manufacturing establish- 
ments like the I. H. C. Co., of Chicago, this is an age 
of generalization industrially and not specialization. 

Fairfax Co., Va. W. B. DOAK. 



THE SIGNIFICANCE OF "FAMILY" IN THE BREEDING 

OF RED POLL CATTLE AS SHOWN BY THE 

HISTORY OF THE BREED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

There are many breeders of Red Poll cattle that do 
not understand the numbered letters to be found upon 



the pedigree of every pure bred Red Poll and such title 
as "Flora MacDonald, 22797 M5," would indeed be unin- 
telligible to them. If these letters have any meaning it 
must be demonstrated. The writer feels that a brief 
study of the influence of "family ' in the breeding of Red 
Polls would well repay the breeders of this splendid type 
of cattle, especially at this time when so many of these 
breeders themselves are unsettled as to their views of 
the cattle. Some have learned by experience that no- 
thing pays like milk and butter and so they measure the 
value of their Red Polls only by the Babcock test for 
butter fat and the scales that tell how much milk they 
give and they have forsaken the faith of the fathers and 
contend for a type removed but a whit in form and pur- 
pose from the Jersey which may almost be taken as 
the model for the dairy. As an illustration of this I might 
mention the Mayflower cows, one of which tested 5.27 
per cent, and 10,468 pounds and stood second in that 
great dairy contest of breeds at the Pan-American, being 
led only by the wonderful little Guernsey, Lady Mar- 
shall. These Mayflower cows are of distinct dairy con- 
formation, many of them looking more like Jerseys than 
Red Polls. They are dairy cattle and in England would 
not be considered worthy to stand in the Red Poll ring. 
Again, I may call to mind the bull "Popular" that sold 
as a yearling for $1,200 at Captain Hill's sale. This bull 
was as much like a Jersey bull as a bull could well be 
made. He certainly could not be called a typical Red 
Poll. 

On the other hand, there are Red Poll breeders who 
prefer beef conformation and have lived near blue-grass 
pastures, where export steers are made and the dairy 
cow and all her kin are without form and beauty to 
him and he swears he will quit the breed if the stand- 
ards call for a lean, angular, high-headed Jersey. 

A few years ago this sentiment was so prevalent that 
the beef type was the generally accepted type and the 
winners at our fairs seemed to be judged by this stand 
ard alone. 

America is a country of specialists and the one thing 
wanted must be had. It may be well that men are spec- 
ialists, for it is in the interest of progress, but the fact 
remains that for many men conditions make it unwise, 
impossible to do one thing only, to work along one par- 
ticular line, and fortunately many men have been so 
constituted that they will never do one thing perfectly. 
Their environment has so influenced them that they will 
not follow one line of study or thought out to the end. 
The average farmer, for instance, is not a specialist in 
any line. He may not attain the greatest success in some 
particular line, because he has given so much thought to 
so many things that he can't compete with his neighbor 
who has largely abandoned the various pursuits that fall 
to the lot of the average farmer for his one favorite pur- 
suit.I know a man who was once a very good general 
farmer, but he has turned to dairying as the most profit- 
able phase of farm life and he has, in making this a 
great success, lost out with farming in general. I do 
not know whether you catch my point or not, but I am 
coming to apply it to Red Poll breeders. I don't think 
a man who desires to make the highest success in beef 
production should choose Red Poll cattle. Let him take 



764 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Angus, Shorthorn or Hereford. Nor do I think a man 
who wants the greatest profits from the dairy should 
choose Red Polls, for I can name a number of breeds 
more profitable in the dairy. Of course, Professor Mas 
sey would not want Red Polls, for he is a speciaist and 
is well fitted to carry dairying to a great success. Let 
him jump on these breeders who claim Red Polls are 
the best cattle for both milk and beef, but give some 
of us credit for thinking that our conditions on the 
farm make it best to handle cows that are certainly 
good for both. Although it can't be shown in figures 
that the profits are as high as when every cow was 
of the highest dairy type, still most of us feel sure that 
the cow that will give between three thousand and four 
thousand pounds of milk per year and test 4 per cent., 
and at the same time raise a calf that will make a good 
feeder that wont be considered too bad to graze with 
the best Shorthorns and Herefords, is a cow that will 
suit the average farmer who lives far from our cities 
and among pastures that are far from the best of Ken- 
tucky blue grass, far better than either the Jersey or 
the Hereford. Some of us who are so situated think 
so anyway and experience bears us out and so the dual- 
purpose cow will live on and flourish. 

Now, if this point be clear, we are ready to take up 
certain facts in the history of Red Polls in order that 
we may reach some conclusion about the true purpose 
of the breed and the meaning of "family" in the main- 
taining of the true type. 

The Encyclopedia Brittanica says of the County of 
Suffolk: The County of Suffolk has for centuries been 
celebrated for its dairy produce, which is chiefly obtained 
from a polled breed of cattle. This is a distinct refer- 
ence to a breed of cattle, once known as the "Suffolk 
Duns," probably because of their color. It proves it to 
be an ancient breed and also a breed suited especially 
to dairying. A writer of the eighteenth century, in de- 
scribing this same breed in SuffolK, says it was not un- 
usual for these cows to give eight gallons of milk per 
day. 

In the adjoining county of Norfolk from quite early 
times a polled breed of dark red cattle were bred which 
were better suited for beef than the Suffolk Duns; in 
fact, they seemed quite similar to the Red Galloway of 
Scotland, a distinct beef type. 

In course of time, these breeds were blended and from 
about 1850 these cattle, now a distinct dual type, have 
been known to the word as the Red Polled cattle. From 
the establishment of the Herd Book in 1873 down to the 
present day, the one purpose of Red Poll breeders in 
England has been to bring a dual type to perfection. The 
reading of their "Standard Description" shows they had 
not a dairy animal in view alone, nor yet a beef ani- 
mal, but the best combination that could by selection 
and breeding be attained. How well they have succeed- 
ed the wonderful herds of the cattle in Norfolk and Suf- 
folk bear striking testimony and their records are accessi- 
ble to anyone who wishes to learn. Of one thing I feel 
assured, no man who has not travelled among the Red 
Poll herds of England should be rash enough to state 
that there is no dual-purpose cattle, unless he deliberate- 
ly misuses the term dual-purpose, and declares it to 
mean a breed that is at the same time best for both 



milk and beef, a thing no true breeder of dual cattle 
was ever so foolish as to hope for. Many of the most 
experienced judges in the old country have pronounced 
the breed as "excellent" in the fulfilment of the ideals 
of the English breeders, and there is a striking uniformi- 
ty of type to be found in English herds in these latter 
years. 

The herds in America are too new, too small, too 
few, too scattered, to gve one a true view of the cattle, 
but it is none the less remarkable that whenever a large 
Fair instituted a "Farmer Cow" class, the first prize has 
gone without exception, as far as I can learn, to the 
Red Polls. In fact, in this country only the Shorthorns 
can compete with them, and in England the Shorthorns 
and Lincoln Reds. 

By way of parenthesis, it may be of interest to some 
to know that investigations show that the "old muley" 
stock scattered through the East descended from Suffolk 
or Red Polled cattle, brought over by the early settlers, 
and all know how these "old muleys" have been favor- 
ites on many farms because of their performance at 
the pail. Not until about 1883 were any importations of 
registered cattle made, so the breed is very young in 
America and has all in the future for it. 

The account given shows the nature and origin of 
the breed and makes it clear that the purpose of the 
breed was definite and I trust our American breeders 
will not forget that the surest road to success with Red 
Polls is to follow the standards which have prevailed 
for over thirty years. 

Now, what significance attaches to the families? When 
the cattle were first brought into the Herd Book, it was 
by herds and these herds were scattered through both 
Norfolk and Suffolk. It is but natural that in some 
Norfolk herds the beef type was predominant while in 
Suffolk the herds showed more of the original Suffolk 
quality. To each of these herds a letter was assigned 
and every cow of the breed was numbered. For in- 
stance, one of the most noted herds was the Elmham 
herd, a herd that certainly dates back a century, and 
noted for its many fine cattle. This was a Norfolk herd 
and was designated by the letter "A." Thirty-seven cows 
were admitted to registry, each bearing her number. 
Most of the best cattle descending from this herd trace 
back to three cows — Al, All, A12. The Davyson cattle, 
noted for beef quality, trace to cows of the Hammond 
herd, designated by "H," and ' only four cows were ad- 
mitted to register, the most famous of these being HI. 
The East Suffolk herd, "so noted for milk, was designated 
"V," and VI and V9 must have been the best of this 
group. Now, I hope you can understand the lettering. 
I need not give the full list of letters, but I want to 
show that these letters once meant something and may 
still be the key to many a breeding problem. 

The best authority I could find in this country, Mr. 
J. W. Martin, of Wisconsin, and Mr. Blofield, of Eng- 
land, seem agreed that certain herds once stood for cer- 
tain types distinctly. The Davyson herd, "H," the Nec- 
ton herd, "N," and the Powell herd, "P," emphasized 
beef conformation. The East Suffolk, "V," the West Suf- 
folk, "U," and the Elmham, "A," kept a strong line of 
milkers. One "V" cow has a yearly record of 14,189 
pounds; three "A" cows gave over 10,000 pounds each 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



765 



in a year, and one "U" gave 9,331 pounds in a year. 
The three original herds that did most to keep the com- 
bination type were the Elmham, "A," just mentioned as 
keeping many great dairy cows; the Eaton, ",E" and the 
Necton, "N," the last named being also distinguished for 
beef types. It is apparent that in the making of such 
a breed the herd that kept nearest the ideal would soon 
exert great influence and any famous cow would do much 
fer imparting milk quality, beef quality, or dual quality, 
certainly up to the half that she possessed in the -long 
run. Of course, through the years the breeding has been 
much mixed and it takes study to trace out the lines. 

The rule to-day is to give the group letter and num- 
ber of the dam to the calf, whether it be male or female, 
so a bull from a dam sired by a K17 bull out of an Al 
cow would be marked Al, while he might carry blood 
from. fifty other cattle than those of the "A" herd. Now, 
could the Al cow influence the breeding much? Cer- 
tainly not. 

I thought it might be interesting to show that many 
breeders attached great importance to the letter shown 
in the pedigree, even though it indicated only an in- 
finitesimal part of the blood in the animal, so I wrote 
to over twenty Red Poll breeders asking what letters 
were their favorites for milk quality, for beef quality, 
for dual-purpose quality. I received a number of very 
interesting letters, the majority of which showed that 
the letters designating the cows in the various herds 
were taken as an index of the breeding. Let me illus- 
trate by giving the report as regards dual-purpose quail- 
ty. 

One breeder claims that only the Elmham, "A," retains 
any significance at present. Two prominent breeders 
claim that the letters have lost all practical significance. 
Five breeders place HI first for dual-purpose; four place 
Al first; one placed U43 first, and one T4 first. P3, E, 
and N had several votes for second place. The rest 
were scattering. Also, it appears that A12, U43, V17, V9, 
Vll, and P7 were favorites for milk in the order given. 
The Mayflowers were A12. 

Now, it appears that the breeders make a serious 
blunder in attributing importance to the letter shown in 
the pedigree rather than to the letter tnat represents 
the prevailing blood. 

As an illustration, I have figured out the blood lines 
in one of my cows — Flora MacDonald, M5. In five gen- 
erations she traces back to only one M5, so the quantity 
of M5 blood is insignificant. It appears that one-eighth 
of her blood is P3, one-eighth A blood, one twentieth HI 
blood, and more than one-hundredths of U and V blood 
each. Thus, about one-fourth comes from original stock 
of definitely known quality. This may be sufficient to fix 
the total character, as the rest is scattered. If we judge 
by this one fourth alone we would certainly have dual 
quality, as the very best of beef and milk are harmoni- 
ously and evenly combined. She certainly is dual, as 
her best Babcock test is 4.4 per cent, and now, at thirty 
days, she is giving forty pounds per day. If this one- 
fourth cannot determine it, which many may doubt, then 
we may as well set aside the lettering, as I am convinced 
that her M5 means nothing. 

I fear this has proved tedious and yet I firmly believe 



that just such studies will make us more careful in the 
breeding of our cattle, and certainly we will not be mis- 
led by the letters in the pedigrees of our cattle. If we 
should keep in mind the character, of the families upon 
which our breed was buUt and see that the blood is 
properly blended in our cattle, which is to be deter- 
mined not by the one letter, but by the letters of ances- 
tors some generations back, so that the true type of 
dual-purpose Red Poll is maintained, we may rest as- 
sured of a great future for the Red Poll cattle, espe- 
cialy in Virginia and other Southern States. 

H. B. ARBUCKLE, 
Maxwelton, W. Va. 



VIRGINIA SUPPLIES ANOTHER HERD HEADER. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

For the third time in two years, Hygeia Herd has been 
called upon to supply an Agricultural College with a 
Holstein-Friesian bull. 

Hygeia Veeman Butter Boy was sold to the Virginia 
Polytechnic Institute early last year. He is a son of the 
now famous cow, Jessie Veeman A, A. R. O., 2625. She, 
with her six A. R. O., or officially tested, daughters, are 
all members of the herd In form and general make-up, 
the cow is about absolutely perfect, and her daughters, 
although by six different sires, show a marked resem- 
blance to the dam, all exhibiting the same type and sug- 
gesting a decided uniformity in style and general ap- 
pearance. Jessie Veeman A won first prize and cham- 
pionship at New York State Fair in 1903, amid strong 
competition, and in 1905 her oldest daughter, Jessie Vee- 




HYGEIA ORMSBY PAUL 40975 

He now heads the herd of the Georgia College of Agriculture, 

Athens, Ga. 

man C, duplicated the feat of her dam. Four daughters 
of Jessie Veeman A, shown in pairs of two, won first 
prize as "produce of cow," an event never equalled. 
Syracuse, New York, where these State Fairs are held, 
may be rightfully termed "the home of the Holstein- 
Friesian breed." 

The British Government bought a grandson of Jessie 
Veeman A to head their Experiment Station herd at 
Hamilton, Bermuda Island. This animal was from Fron- 
tier Jessie Veeman, who has an A. R. O. record of 20.70 
pounds of butter in a week. His sire was Pontiac Calyp- 
so's Son, present head of Hygeia Herd, whose two near- 



766 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August, 



est dams average over twenty-eight pounds of butter in 
seven consecutive days each, and his dam, Pontiac Calyp- 
so, has an A. R. O. record of 28.43 pounds of butter 
in a week, and a milk production of 560.3 pounds during 
that time, or an average of approximately ten gallons 
per day. 

Through the efforts of Mr. Milton P. Jarnagin, Animal 
Husbandman at the Georgia State College of Agriculture, 
Athens, to secure nothing but a good individual to head 
the college herd, Hygeia Ormsby Paul, 46975, has recently 
been purchased by that institution. It is the ultimate in- 
tention of President Andrew M. Soule and Mr. Jarnagin 
to build up a herd of only the highest class animals, and 
with this in view they wished to get a bull of a reliable 
strain and good individuality. Being experienced in the 
fundamental laws of scientific live stock breeding, they 
well realized that the bull was half the herd. Mr. Jarna- 
gin hardly erred in getting the sire he did, for Hygeia 
Ormsby Paul is fast developing into a show bull of the 
finest type, closely resembling his sire, who has won first 
prize in his class, wherever shown, and the breeding of 
the animal is excellent. 

He is from Anzaletta Pauline Paul 2nd., a great pro- 
ducer and a cow of fine conformation. She had a two- 
year-old seven-day butter record of 10.89 pounds, but in- 
creased this, as an aged coow, to 24.64 pounds. She also 
produced 637.5 pounds of milk in seven days, or an aver- 
age of over ejeven gallons per day, her best day's milk, 
while on official test, being 94 pounds. In thirty days 
she produced 101.43 pounds of butter, and 2,641.4 pounds 
of milk, which demonstrates her wonderful staying qual- 
ities. Few cows give twice their weight in milk in a 
month. She is one of the 132 cows of the breed that 
have produced better than 100 pounds of butter in 30 
days. She has seven A. R. O. half-sisters, four with 
records better than twenty pounds of butter in a week, 
and two with records of over 25 pounds. She is a direct 
descendent of Pauline Paul, one of the most noted cows 
of the breed. 

The sire of Hygeia Ormsby Paul is King Ormsby Friend, 
one of the herd bulls, and who represents a cross of 
the two famous families, DeKol and Duchess Ormsby. De- 
Kol 2nd was probably the greatest dairy cow of any 
breed, because of the wonderful production of her grand- 
daughters. Her seven sons have sired 249 officially test- 
ed daughters and 154 sons, that have also sired numerous 
A. R. O. daughters. The Duchess Ormsby family is the 
richest testing strain of the breed, one of her grand- 
daughters lately going as high as 5.74 per cent, of fat 
while on test. King Ormsby Friend won first prize and 
junior champion at Roanoke, Lynchburg and Virginia 
State Fairs in 1906. 

I am more than pleased to note the general awakening 
of the diary interests in Virginia. Southern people are 
also beginning to realize that Holstein-Friesia.nj are a 
good and serviceable dairy breed and I have been kept 
busy of late supplying purchasers with well bred animals 
from this herd. W. F. CARTER, Jr. 

Crozet, Va., July 18th, 1909. 



STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION 

This Association will hold its annual meeting in Lees- 
burg Va., in the month of September at a date to be 



j later announced. The subject of tuberculosis in cattle 
and the way to get rid of it is to be one of the chief 
topics of discussion and tuberculin testing and post 
mortems on the animals responding will be features of the 
meeting. Every dairyman in the State ought to arrange 
to be present and get the benefit of these experiments 
and discussions and thus be prepared to intelligently 
d'scuss and press for the necessary legislation to pro- 
tect them from loss in stamping out the disease. 



THE CARE OF THE LIVE STOCK DURING AUGUST. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

If the losses farmers sustain from the lack of doing the 
right thing at the right time could be even estimated the 
amount would be simply astounding. I doubt not it would 
pay the salaries of all the preachers in the United States. 
A great deal of this loss occurs to the live stock .indus- 
try. Let us go over together some of the matters con- 
cerning the live stock that may cause loss if not attended 
to in time. There is the little flock of sheep. An occas- 
ional one may need tagging badly; we make up our minds 
to attend to the matter pretty soon when we have more 
time. It slips our mind and in a day or two an old buz- 
zard flying over the house towards the pasture tells us 
that the flies got the big ewe, and he is on his way to do 
the undertaking. Press of other work may have caused 
you to forget how long the flock had been running in that 
old pasture without change, but the hollow flanks, the 
dead look of the wool and the signs of the scours will tell 
you plain enough that the lambs have been picking up 
stomach worms off that old pasture longer than has been 
good for them, change the flock every ten days, give them 
something fresh. We like to have fresh seeded land in 
which to turn the flock at least half the time. Then when 
the lambs are ready to wean, (which is generally in July 
or August) have an entirely fresh piece of good feed, cow 
peas are splendid, or late clover and timothy; any piece 
of land that is free of stomach worms and full of feed. 
Then the lambs will go into the winter fat and healthy. 
If you haven't dipped the lambs, which should have been ' 
done at the time the ewes were sheared, attend to that 
matter at once, never run a bunch of lambs through the 
winter without dipping. It means loss of feed and disap- 
pointing results all around. Get the ewes on the gain, as 
you want them in strong condition as the time approaches 
that you wish to turn the rams to them. Any old ones, 
whose mouths are beginning to break, should be sorted out 
and go in the pea fields to fatten for the butcher. The 
pigs are of course in the pea fields now getting almost 
their entire living, still they will enjoy a bite of blue grass 
now and then and will grow the better fQr having it, so 
give them a chance in the old pasture once a day. Per- 
haps you can give them their little feed of slop out there. 
As soon as the corn gets into roasting ear stage snap a 
little off for the pigs once a day. I have heard pigs love 
nothing better than a little soft corn thrown out in the pea 
fields so they can grab an ear, dash off and hide under 
the thick pea vines, and then enjoy their feast. As the 
sows are springing for their fall litters see that they are 
given a good run on peas every day also. They should be 
in good, smooth, strong condition at farrowing time, strong 
pigs and good litters will be the result. 

Those little calves you have been feeding by hand all 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



767 



summer, don't turn them out into an old dry pasture with 
no extra feed. Send them into the pea patch with the 
lambs in case you haven't a good piece of second growth 
clover and timothy in which to run them. Remember if 
they go into the winter in thin condition they will come 
out in thinner condition next spring and will never make 
good cattle. They will pay a big price for a handful each 
of shelled corn fed in a wide, flat-bottomed trough. If the 
calves are lousy you should by all means dip or spray 
them thoroughly at least twice at intervals of ten days. 
Rockingham Co., N. C. A. L. FRENCH. 



SOME CHARACTERISTICS IN BREEDS OF HOGS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

In the last number of The Planter a good deal was said 
about the merits of the Tamworth hog. The writer has 
had considerable experience in the past twenty-five years 
raising hogs in Southside Virginia. Have raised Chester 
Whites, Poland Chinas, Berkshires, Essex, Tamworth and 
the old Virginia Scrub or Razor Back. Some years ago 
I commenced with the Scrub and in a very short time 
was convinced that there was nothing made in raising 
Scrubs compared with the profits in raising pure-breds. 

The meat of the Scrub was sweet and juicy and not too 
fat, but the great fault in the breed is, it takes them too 
long to reach the two hundred pound mark. I found the 
Chester White a very good hog, but lazy and a bad rustler 
and very liable to contract mange, and if they farrow while 
thus affected the pigs come well covered with this dis- 
ease; thus retarding their growth. I liked Poland Chinas 
very well, but they are no rustlers; requiring more grain 
than the Berkshires and not prolific breeders. The Es- 
sex is a good hog as far as he goes, the best hog to stand 
close confinement but won't grow so large as the Berk- 
shire in the same time and is devoid of energy. The Tam- 
worth, I found, very much over-rated and no better than 
the Razor Back, except that they will grow larger in the 
same time and have more pigs in a litter. The meat of 
the Razor Back is just as good in every way. It requires 
extra good fences to keep the Tamworths in bounds and 
if you don't keep three rings in each one's nose he will 
root up your pasture every time it rains. He will root no 
matter what quantity or variety of food you give him. I 
had great trouble to sell the pigs for stock and when they 
grew up I could only sell them to the butcher at a dis- 
count The cross resulting from a Tamworth sow and a 
Berkshire male is a much better hog than the Tamworth, 
the meat just as sweet; they are the same color as the 
Tamworth but with round black spots on the body, with 
much shorter legs and nose. The long legs and nose of 
the Tamworths are unsightly. As a money-maker, with 
me, the Tamworth was a failure. I think a farmer might 
keep one Tamworth sow, serving her with a Berkshire 
male and raise meat enough for his table. I raised Berk- 
shires for ten years. While they have their defects yet 
they are the best of the breeds named as money-makers 
in this State. They belong to the lard type, but if prop- 
erly managed and kept in good pastures, not fed too much 
corn or concentrates the amount of fat can be controlled 
to a certain extent. I found it much more profitable to 
sell pigs and not keep them until nearly grown and then 
offer them for stock, but if no purchaser is to be had they 
must go to the butcher. I so arranged that my sows would 



farrow early in January, wean the pigs at ten weeks old 
and let the sow go at once to the male then the second 
litter would come early in July; out of these litters I got 
my meat for next year. I sold all the nice well marked 
pigs, the rough badly marked ones I kept for slaughter. 
I fed them a little corn and milk and run them on clover, 
alfalfa and peas. At Christmas when they went to the 
butcher they were in fine order not too fat and generally 
weighing about 150 pounds. A great deal is in the way 
you feed them. 

I note what Mr. Saunders Spencer says in July Planter, 
under the caption "Breeds of Hogs as Meat Producers." He 
offers a clipping from some paper giving the results of 
certain experiments made by one of the American Agri- 
cultural Stations as to the capacity of of certain breeds of 
swine to convert food into meat. As a result of these ex- 
periments it was found that the average cost of producing 
one hundred pounds of pork worked out as follows: 

1. — Large Yorkshire, $2.03. 

2. — Tamworths, $2.08. 

6.— Poland Chinas, $2.28. 

And winds up by stating among other things, the fol- 
lowing conclusions were deduced from the experiments: 
"2. — That swine of the lard producing types are not more 
cheaply grown up to the age of 196 days than swine of 
the bacon producing types. 3 — That pork can be made more 
cheaply from swine of the large Yorkshire and Tamworth 
breeds than from the Poland Chinas or what may be 
termed "lard types." 

I am very sorry that Mr. Spencer did not give the name 
of the Experiment Station that this valuable information 
emanated from so some of us could write to headquarters 
and get all the facts in the case. Experience has taught 
me you cannot swallow blindly everything that is given 
out from the Experiment Stations. As a rule these ex- 
periments are made by men who are theoretically learned 
yet practically ignorant having had but little experience in 
doing the things they proclaim to the world they are ex- 
perts in. Some of them will make an experiment once or 
twice and if the result is the same each time they con- 
clude that the doubtful points are settled beyond all con- 
troversy. Now it is a very difficult matter to select a 
certain number of pigs from different breeds that have the 
same capacity to respond to a given amount of food. It Is 
an easy matter to pick out four or six pigs from Tam- 
worth sows the same size, or the same number of pigs 
from Berkshire, Yorkshire or any other breed, but how 
do you know the capacity of each pig to grow? You may 
take say four pigs from the same sow belonging to thesame 
litter, put them in the same lot, feed the same way, and 
you will find at the expiration of three months some of 
them will be much larger than the others — why so? Be- 
cause nature gave them more capacity to grow. So on 
this account it is very hard to come to any just conclusion 
in these feeding contests except by many experiments and 
even then there is room for doubt. Now if pork can be 
made as cheaply from the Yorkshire and Tamworth breeds 
as from the Poland Chinas or lard type, why does not the 
western breeder, who is the most successful raiser of pork 
in the United States, find it out? Travel through the 
West and you rarely see any other breeds of hog but Po- 
land China, Berkshire, anad Duroc-Jersey, all belonging 
to the lard type. A great many of these are slaughtered 



768 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



within 196 days from birth. I never had a Tamworth 
to grow as large as the Berkshire in six and one-half 
months. The writer has no hogs for sale. 

Rockingham Co., Va. E. W. ARMISTEAD. 



A VIRGINIA JERSEY RECORD. 
Seven Day Record, Registry of Merit, American Jersey 

Cattle Club. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Fourteen pounds butter, containing 85 per cent, fat, is re- 
quired for entry.) 

Mels Crocus 2d, A. J. C. C. No. 176977. During the seven 
days, June 22 to 28, inclusive, she made 321.1 pounds of 
milk, containing 14.482 pounds of fat, which would make 
17.034 pounds of butter, containing 85 per cent, of fat. 
Here average per cent, of fat was 4.51 per cent Age, five 
years, nine months. Owner, John H. Garst, Salem, Va. 




MEL'S CROCUS 2ND 176977. 

The cow made this record on her usual allowance of 
feed and general care; was not forced in any way. She 
is a splendid individual and at a better season would 
have exceeded the seventeen pound mark. 

Test made by Walter Bernstein. 



BACON OR LARD HOGS— WHICH FOR PROFIT IN VA.? 

Editor Southern Planter: 

At least one of your readers fails .to understand from 
what Professor Massey says in May issue of Southern 
Planter (page 469) whether he intends to make the im- 
pression that to get a better grade of hams and bacon 
than can be made from the lard or fat back breeds of 
hogs one must depend upon the products of the Razor back. 

No doubt many of your readers would be pleased to 
hear from him as to this and his ideas of the products 
of what is known as the bacon type of hog of which there 
are several recognized breeds. Does Professor Massey 
wish to be understood as meaning that while the woods 
ranger makes the best of bacon that there is no other 
type of hog from which fine bacon and hams can be made, 
and that we must either get a Razor back for bacon or 
be content with a lower grade made from the lard type? 
The writer, with probably others, would also like to hear 
something from him as to the profit in raising the bacon 
types compared to that in raising the lard type, as Vir- 
ginia hams bring such good prices, particularly in Phila- 
delphia, and does he not think that the bacon type of hog 
is particularly adapted to the South where our cow peas, 



soy beans and other cheaply grown crops flourish and 
from which the finer grades of bacon and hams can be 
produced. 

Does he know of a party in this State who raises hogs 
of the bacon type and cures the products from them prop- 
erly who is able to fill more than one half the orders 
which come to him at very much better prices than can 
be gotten for bacon and hams made from hogs of the lard 
type? 

Must we have a hog of the bacon type from which to 
get prime breakfast bacon and choice hams and can we 
depend upon these products being uniform in quality. 

The hog of this type certainly grows rapidly and to 
great weights. Can any one point to well conducted ex- 
periments where hogs of this type have suffered by com- 
parison with the hog of the lard type in tests to determine 
amount of feed consumed per pound of gain? 

Loudoun Co., Va. V. O. 



BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AND THE HUMAN RACE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

The deep and widespread interest in tuberculosis in both 
the human and bovine, the question of transmissibility of 
the disease from one to the other, and the great opportun- 
ity for its transmission, is causing much discussion. Hear- 
ing a strong argument by Mr. Beattie against the liklihood 
of the disease being transmissible I asked him to reduce 
his statement to writing, which I hand you herewith. — 

W. J. QUICK. 

Dear Doctor Quick: — In reply to your letter will say 
I am glad to give you any information I may have. The 
herd of cattle I had reference to was kept at Blooming- 
dale, Va., and was under my care. They were bought with 
great care and had the best food and attention possible. 
The first case of tuberculosis I saw was in two cows pur- 
chased from August Belmont, of New York. These were 
killed, and my suspicion confirmed. We then had the herd 
tested by the Government, and seventy-seven per cent 
found to be infected. We killed, for examination, many of 
these cattle, and found that the tuberculin had not made 
any mistakes. These cattle were kept on the farm, and 
put in hospital, and finally destroyed if found to be hope- 
less. Several years after the Government test, the State, 
through Dr. Niles, tested the same herd, and the young 
stock that had been reared, and while he did not find so 
large a percentage, he passed as sound twenty-three head 
that the Government had found tuberculous several years 
before. 

I do not believe, as I tolvi you, that human beings can 
take the disease from cattle. I base this opinion on the 
following facts, within my own knowledge and my con- 
nection with this herd. There were fifty-six men, women, 
and children who drank the fresh skim milk from this 
herd for six years, each family having three gallons per 
day. The same men and boys milked, fed, cleaned twice 
a day, and swept up the stables, and practically lived with 
the cattle, and up to this day, not one of them has ever 
developed the disease, — every one I know of at this time. 
I was using the milk from one of these cows before they 
were tested, and having reason to think she had an en- 
largement in the top of the udder, killed her and found 
a tuberculous mass in the udder, and a sample of the milk 
was found full of baccili. I had used this cow's milk for 
my wife and children and myself, all of whom were large 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



769 



consumers of milk, for at least a year. But, so far, we 
have seen no harmful results. I have helped at about one 
hundred and fifty post-mortems, and in only one instance 
was there any indication that the tuberculin was wrong, and 
this was a case where it looked as if a mild case had been 
cured. I have given lots of thought to this disease, and was 
in a position to make any experiments I saw fit. I have 
concluded that the watering device we used was one mean 
of spreading the disease, and another, was too close con- 
finement in the stables, it matters not how well ventil- 
ated. After leaving Bloomingdale and coming back to my 
own place, I determined to try another plan. So I insist 
that my cattle be out 365 days a year, and they are only 
in the stable during milking hours, and at night in winter, 
and in the fields all summer except when up for milking. 
This course has been pursued for three years, and while 
my cows have not been tested, I have seen no appearance 
of any trouble in that time, and I was constantly having 
cows go down the other way. I, of course, do not get as 
much milk, but have healthier cattle. I have been in the 
dairy business, and a breeder of live-stock, horses, cat- 
tle, sheep, and hogs, for thirty-one years, and I nevei 
lost a cow until 1890 from this disease. I am not past be- 
ing convinced that cattle can give human beings tubercu- 
losis, but I can't believe it now with the light I have be- 
fore me. The question of testing all the cows furnishing 
milk to Richmond is being agitated now, and it may be 
put in force before long, — but it is a matter that should be 
well considered before any radical step is taken — for it 
will be far-reaching when it starts. One thing I can not 
see through is this, that if our physicians believe cattle 
produce the trouble in human beings, why are they so 
careless about the milk supply in their own families and 
for their patients? All this may not be what you want, 
but if not let me know and I will cheerfully give you any 
information I have at any time. This is a matter that inter 
ests me greatly. 

Henrico Co., Va. H. C. BEATTIW. 

This is strong testimony in support of Dr. Koch and is 
entirely in harmony with our own views on the subject 
as frequently expressed. We believe that if the disease 
was transmissible from the bovine to the human race th 
latter would long ere this have been decimated. Farmers 
all over the world are the greatest consumers of milk 
and at the same time the healthiest members of the 
human family. We want to see tuberculosis eradicated 
from the bovine, not for fear of its injury through the 
milk to the human race but because it is a cause of ser- 
ious loss to the farmers. — Ed. 



Catalogue of the sale cattle will be ready to mail by 
August 20th and will be mailed to parties on application, 
and will give full particulars relative to their breeding. 
Very truly yours, S. W. ANDERSON. 



DISPERSAL SALE OF INGLESIDE HEREFORDS. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

I regret exceedingly handing you to-day my ad. for the 
dispersion sale of my herd of Hereford cattle at my farm 
on Sept. 21 and 22. Acting on the advice of my phys 
ician I deem it proper to close them out and take a rest, 
and on that account the entire herd will be sold at auc- 
tion without any reserve on the above named date. 

For "the past twenty years I have given this herd my 
own personal supervision and neither time nor money was 
spared in founding same. From time to time new blood 
has been infused and the herd strengthened from year to 
year until I can say fearless of contradiction it stands 
to-day the equal of any in any country. 



Referring to the foregoing will say that the breeders 
of this section generally will read this announcement 
with genuine regret. They can ill afford to lose such men 
as Mr. Anderson from their ranks. We know that all join 
heartily in the hope that he will be speedily restored to 

health.— Ed. 

A VIRGINIA HOLSTEIN RECORD. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

The picture is "Countess Meta" 61798. The re- 
cord of this cow has been kept for the past five months; 
January, February, March, April and May. She gave dur- 
ing the five months 7,500 pounds of milk (937 1-2 gallons 




COUNTESS META 61798. 

or over; 6 gallons per day), which tested 3.48 per cent, but- 
ter fat. This will give Eastern Virginia an idea of what 
a good cow is capable of doing. Weed out the unproduc- 
tive cows. Find results by weighing and testing. By this 
method a herd can be bred up to a paying basis. 

T. O. SANDY 

WHAT A SMALL FLOCK OF SHEEP CAN DO. 
Mr. Julian Ruffin of Hanover county writes us that his 
flock of 160 sheep have this year up to this time brought 
him in a little over $1,000 for lambs and wool alone and 
he still has the old sheep on hand worth as much per 
head, and probably more, considering the value of ewes 
on the market now, than they were a year ago. He 
says the sheep did not eat $10 worth of grain the whole 
winter. What other stock can make such a return as 
this? Talk about gold mining or banking being profit- 
able! They are not in it with sheep when properly 
managed and cared for. There is a safe and sure 50 
to 75 per cent, profit in a flock of ewes one year with 
another and often as in this case over 100 per cent, in 
a flock kept in our mild climate and with such close 
proximity to the best lamb markets in the country. When 
will our Virginia farmers realize this and keep the sheep 
which our lands ought to carry? Every yard of land they 
graze on is improved by their presence and no costly 
buildings are needed here to house them in the winter 
or big supplies of food to be grown to store and feed 
them on. They harvest their own crops and manure the 
land for the following crop. Truly the sheep's foot is 
golden. 



770 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



The Poultry Yard 



POULTRY NOTES. 

August is the most trying month of the year 'to the 
poultryman. The old stock is "off duty" and the young 
stock is not mature. Feed of every kind is high in price 
and much of it very inferior in quality. From this time 
until the young chicks come from the incubators next 
January and February I will not buy anything but whole 
grain for my flock. I will buy wheat, oats, corn, buck- 
wheat and millet seed. If I can find pure wheat bran 
I will buy some to mix with meat meal but if I must pay 
for peanut hulls, ground corn cobs, oat hulls and mill 
sweepings in order to get some wheat bran I will cut the 
bran ration out and mix wheat, oats and corn in equal 
parts and have it ground fine and use that for the mash 
feed. I am fully convinced that it pays to feed one feed 
per day of mash. This gives one a good way to utilize 
all scrap, milk and offal and to give the necessary amount 
of meat and salt to the entire flock. It pays well to feed 
generously during the next six months. Extra good feed 
and care now means mature pullets by September and 
October and the yearling hens moult and put on their new 
coats in time to get to work before winter. I have sold 
all of my yearling hens and will depend on early hatched 
pulets for winter eggs. Some of them are laying now 
and I hope to have at least 100 of them laying by Sep 
tember. I cannot figure any profit in eggs at present 
prices but later I hope to see the price of eggs advance 
and feed decline. I have been asked many times to 
give the cost of raising pullets to laying age. This has 
been tried many times by individuals and by Experiment 
Stations, but I have yet to see a single report that is more 
than a close estimate. First we must begin with the cost 
of the eggs. Clearly we cannot begin with eggs at two, 
five or ten cents apiece. What does it cost to produce 
them? Second, a single hatch will not determine the cost 
of growing a flock of pullets to laying age. The only an- 
swer to the question that would determine the cost would 
be to know what the eggs cost at the time they were 
produced, the cost per chick for eggs, oil, attendance, ate. 
to get the chicks out of the shells, then the cost of feed 
care and attendance for the first eight weeks, then sep- 
arate the sexes and figure the per cent, of cost of the pul- 
lets to that age, then feed them to laying age and know 
the cost of each stage in the development of the various 
broods hatched and raised during the year. With such 
data at hand one could give fairly accurate figures. I 
estimate that my Leghorn pullets will cost me nearly $1 
each this year. I consider them very cheap at this price. 
I doubt whether I could buy first-class pullets at laying 
age at this price. Anyone having either white or brown 
Leghorn pullets of a good strain would not sell them at 
this price unless circumstances compelled the sale. I 
have had many persons write me that such pullets were 
not worth $1 each. Let us* figure this out and see. Let 
us take pullets fully mature and laying October 1st. Good 
stock with good care and feed will certainly lay twenty 
eggs per month for six months. This would be ten dozen 
eggs. At 30 cents per dozen, the average price for five 
years, would be $3.00. Suppose we sell the hen at the 



end of the sixth month in the market at 12 1-2 cents per 
pound, or say 50 cents. This will give us $3.50. Cost of 
feed at $2.00 per year per hen, for the six months would 
be $1, with cost of pullet $1, total $2, leaving a net profit 
of $1.50 or 75 per cent, on the investment for six months. 
Is this a good investment? Many very great financiers are 
satisfied with six percent, annual interest or three per cent 
for six months. At twenty-five cents per dozen and the 
high price for feed it would still leave a profit of 50 cents 
per hen, or 50 per cent on the investment. 
The great drawback with many people is that they do not 
give their flock the feed and care necessary to get these 
results. It is not the fault of the stock but of the owner. 
The fact is that good stock with good feed and good care 
will produce more than twenty eggs each per month. Twen- 
ty White Leghorns, 10 pullets and 10 yearlings laid 3,240 
eggs the first six months of this year, an average of 27 
eggs per hen per month for me, and a flock of 125 brown 
Leghorns made an average of 24 eggs per month for the 
same period. 

If these hens made this record then what is the matter 
with the average flocks of the country? As noted above 
many flocks are not housed and fed right. Many flocks 
are not bred and selected right. Some of the hens are 
not layers, some are too young and some too old and none 
of them are fed to produce best results. Many farm flocks 
in the South, everywhere in fact, are made up of all ages, 
colors and shapes. I saw a flock a few days ago that is 
a fair type of the average flock. This man said he had 
125 in his flock. I counted 22 roosters from one to five years 
old and at least one-fourth of the hens were from three to 
six years old. They were a mixed lot with Barred Ply- 
mouth Rock blood predominating. I could have selected 
twenty-five hens from this flock and given them good care 
and feed and gathered more eggs from them than this 
man was getting from the entire flock. 

I have many inquiries in regard to various books and 
"methods" of selecting, feeding housing and yarding poul- 
try. These books and methods are advertised very adroit- 
ly and catch many easy dollars. The fact is there is no 
method or feed that will change the hens nature or her 
natural requirements. One must have good healthy young 
stock, good, clean sound grain, clean grassy runs for the 
flock anl "all tricks of the trade" border very closely on 
plain fakes. 

I have an inquiry from a young man who wants to 
engage in the poultry business for fancy stock and to sell 
eggs for hatching and he asks this question: "Would 
it be possible for me to keep a breeding pen of say 
fifteen hens of each of the breeds recognized by the Stan- 
dard, and could I realize $1,000 per year profit from 
them?" It is possible to keep a breeding pen of thirty 
or forty different breeds of fowls if one has sufficient 
room and fencing, but it certainly would not be profit- 
able. I find that three breeds are too many, and I am 
considering very seriously at this very moment of dis- 
posing of everything in my yards but one breed. If one 
has plenty of room and money to throw away and enjoys 
that way of living one may get some pleasure and a 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



771 



little glory out of showing a long list of breeds, but 
the profits will be nil. All or nearly all the men who 
have made and are making a success with poultry are 
doing it with one or two breeds. This applies both to 
fancy and utility breeders. The cost of breeding, yard- 
ing, showing and advertising these many breeds will 
amount to more than the receipts ana failure will be 
inevitable. Five hundred good laying hens of one breed 
will make more clear money than a pen of each variety 
recognized by the Standard every time. 

HUSSELMAN. 



BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS AS A PRACTICAL AND 
FANCY BREED. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

When I attempt to present to your readers a treatise 
on the many good qualities of Barred Plymouth Rocks, I 
feel that I am presenting to them a subject that is al- 
ready as well known and appreciated as is the valuable 
journal in which it appears, The Southern Planter. 

I believe they both came into existence about the same 
time. Nevertheless, it is like a good story, the oftener it 
is related the more it is appreciated. Ten years' ex- 
perience and some of that spent with half a dozen 
different varieties of chickens, convinced me that for 
profit and pleasure no one breed combined so well the 
many good, practical qualities as the Barred Plymouth 
Rocks. I will tell you these as I see them. 

Size and shape. I challenge any one to produce a 
chicken that will supply a more bountiful meal. Their 
quick maturity, which means less expense; quality of 
meat in color and fineness; the rich yellow skin of the 
Barred Plymouth Rocks, places them in the greatest de- 
mand in all of the largest markets. Then, their ability 
to supply eggs at all seasons of the year. I think these 
embrace the best elements of a thoroughly practical fowl. 
What other single breed of fowls will supply any one 
with more of these practical necessities under all condi- 
tions of climate and during all seasons of the year like 
the peerless Barred Plymouth Rocks? Anywhere in the 
world they seem to be at their best. They have stood a 
test of forty or more years because of their many sterl- 
ing qualities. You cannot grace your farm or lawn with 
a prettier sight than with a flock of Barred Plymouth 
Rocks. As a fancier and breeder of "Ringlet" Barred 
Plymouth Rocks, I have found that for hardiness, quick 
maturity, large size, egg production, setters, mothers and 
something beautiful as well, they stand without one equal. 
They have led the past and will still lead the future. 
Beginners in the poultry business, you will make no mis- 
take in trying them and will find them, as I have, a pleas- 
ing and paying investment, to meet the necessary bills of 
the family, etc. When it comes to the fancy side of the 
business, their popularity again places them in the lead, 
as they sell readily at paying prices. 

Nelson Co., Va. LESLIE H. McCUE. 



CHOICE OF BREEDS. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I read the poultry pages in The Planter with great 
interest and profit. Last month natural and artificial 
mothers were discussed. I know nothing about the lat- 
ter, never having tried them, but this I do know — if you 



raise Leghorns exclusively and want early chickens, you 
will just have to have incubators and brooders, as they 
are practically non-sitters, though fine layers. 

With R. C. Rhode Island Reds that are fine winter lay- 
ers you will always have hens ready to sit. I had some 
two year old hens last season to lay all November and 
December that were broody Christmas week. You see 
the difference — I could have raised broilers by the first of 
March. 

With my Red mothers I find it very little trouble to 
raise early chickens; my part is to feed them and give 
them dry, clean quarters; they supply the right amount 
of heat. 

I would say, then, to those new in the business and 
being pleased with the facts told by the "hen men," don't 
try a non-sitting breed. If facts told by "incubator men" 
seem more attractive, why any pure-bred birds will be 
safe to begin with. 

If, on the other hand, you should not be sure which 
is best and want to try both and see for yourself which 
is best, by all means get the R. C. Rhode Island Reds. 
Being a strong, vigorous, healthy breed and rapid grow- 
ers that feather out readily, they can adapt themselves 
to either way and make success assured. 

I am trying rape in one of my yards as a quick grow- 
ing purifier and think it will also be a good green food 
for fall and winter grazing. LOUISE V. SPENCER. 

Nottoway Co., Va. 



POULTRY KEEPING ON A CITY HALF-ACRE LOT. 
Breed Kept — Single Comb White Leghorns. 

January 1, 1909, stock on hand, 209 

June 30, 1909, stock on hand, 137 hens, 4 roosters, 150 
chicks, 291. 

Stock sold January 1st to June 30th 133 

Eggs laid January 1st to June 30th 12,788 

Money received for eggs sold for sitting and con- 
sumption $293 96 

Money received for stock sold 108 61 

Money received for manure sold 6 00 

Total receipts '. $408 57 

Expense for feed, etc 117 84 

Total net income from eggs and stock.... 290 73 
Value of increase in stock 82 at 40 cents 32 80 

Total net gain $323 53 

Newport News, Va. R. H. HARRIS. 



EIGHTEEN MONTHS OF EXPANSION AND 
EXPERIENCE. 

Editor Southei-n Planter: 

Every farming enterprise has its limitations. No mat- 
ter how profitable a specialty a man may have he soon 
finds a limit beyond which he cannot enlarge his opera- 
tions and keep up the percentage of profit. Usually be- 
fore this point is reached the farmer finds that he has 
more on hand than he can personally attend to, as, for 
example, a New York dairyman who, because of a Fourth- 
of-July escapade on the part of two hired men, found him- 
self compelled to milk all night and all the next day, 



772 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



barely finishing his herd of over a hundred cows in time 
to begin again. 

Some eighteen months ago we began the expansion of 
our family flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks which we 
had bred pure since 1876, and which is believed to be 
the oldest flock in the world, intending to continue ne- 
larging it to the limit of profit on a ninety-five acre farm 
largely wooded, and on which we carry so much stock 
that all of the grain fed to the fowls or an equivalent 
quantity must be bought at least for several years while 
we build up the land. Our specialty is large, strong, 
breeding stock and eggs for hatching, and it was a ques- 
tion how far this market could be enlarged and how large 
a part of our stock would have to go upon the city 
market. 

Having some forty or forty-five females at the open- 
ing of the breeding season of 1908, the ciose of the year 
found lis with a total of 428 of all ages and a little mar- 
gin of profit on the books for the season. This stock of 
428 was reduced by April 1st to about 150 breeders. 
The demand for breeding stock took practically all the 
birds which we thought good enough to ship, and we 
have sold 4,607 eggs for hatching during the present sea- 
son. A balance struck on July 1st shows a net profit of 
nearly $500 for the first half of the year, but the heavy 
expenses are yet to come, as we have a lot of chicks 
to feed and they take more each day. We also need two 
more small houses. 

Our hatching record for this season is not phenomenal. 
We have put 1,466 eggs under hens and have taken off, 
between April 10th and July 10th, and put into coops with 
their mothers, 973 chicks, or an average of 66.37 per cent. 
The difference covers the infertile, the broken, the eaten, 
and spoiled eggs, and the chicks trampled in the nests 
and a very few deformed or crippled chicks which were 
killed on sight. The showing would have been better 
but for the fact that I got in too much of a hurry and 
when all my regular setting coops were full I started 
some hens in their own nests in a henhouse, and nearly 
all the eggs from two nests disappeared — possibly raided 
by a wandering dog, as nests were on the floor. 

The old fowls are in small houses scattered over the 
place so that we have very few to bother around near 
the dwelling or where we have the coops for chicks. 
These coops are also scattered as much as possible, and 
we have no "yards" or "runs" or "pens" on the place, 
except one for breaking up the sitters. Everything 
which we breed from or which we sell for breeding we 
want grown on free range. We are keeping wheat in 
feeding coops where the chicks can go to it at will, and 
are feeding some corn to the larger ones. Last year 
wheat was almost the only grain fed, and we still have 
some which was laid in last fall at ninety-five cents per 
bushel. This season there seems little to choose as to 
price and we will probably keep both wheat and corn 
available. No matter what the prices you cannot afford 
to starVe and stunt a growing chick. 

The egg crop has been good. We kept shelled corn 
before the pullets all the spring and early summer with 
beef scrap at every house where we kept Maine strain 
pullets and practically none where we kept our larger 
females. The amount of beef eaten by the hens on free 
range was less than I expected. Now, in the hottest 



weather we have cut off shelled corn, giving it on the ear 
instead and feeding wheat in the straw, giving only as 
much as they will thresh clean each day. We cut the 
wheat with mower and raked like hay, and built a small 
stack near each house. The hens can pull out enough 
for several days, after which we pull out or rake down 
a daily allowance, raking up the refuse in a pile for win- 
ter bedding or to cover rail shelters for the hens to be 
put up near their houses before snow flies. 

Vienna, Va. W. A. SHERMAN. 



POULTRY ASSOCIATION SHOW IN JANUARY. 

The Virgvinia Poultry Association decided to hold the 
next annual show of the Association January 15-19, 1910. 
The Association has a membership close to 100. Many 
applications are on file to be acted upon later. It was de- 
cided that the entrance fees and prizes to be awarded 
shall be the same as last year. In addition to this, how- 
ever, the following special prizes were offered: J. W. 
QJuarles, president, silver cup; R. R. Taylor, first vice- 
president, silver cup; A. J. Warren,- treasurer, silver cup; 
Walter C. Schaaf, member, silver cup. These cups are to 
be awarded on the three-year plan. Secretary Todd re- 
ported that in addition to the above cups he had the prom- 
ises of ten to twenty other cups to be given. 

After discussing the question of judges for the next show 
the f olowing were elected : Judge J. H. Drevenstedt, of New 
York; Professor C. K. Graham of Hampton, and F. H. 
Morrison of Richmond. The sssociation's decision to elect 
three judges instead of one, as heretofore been the case, 
will gratly facilitate the awarding of prizes at the next 
show. 



ABOUT GRIT. 

No doubt grit is good in its place. Fowls need it to 
properly grind and digest their food. We have been asked 
whether it would be advisable to mix sand, grit, etc., in 
the mash for chicks and young fowls. This method has 
often been recommended. We have practiced it ourselves 
to some extent. We have lost chicks that were given 
sand and grit in this way, and we have lost chicks that 
were not given these things mixed with their food. It 
is a question still open for discussion. Mr. E. C. Dow, 
the well-known poultry expert from Maine, says on this 
point in Tribute Farmer: 

"One of the most common of the various wise sayings 
of some poultry teachers is that the first feed of the 
newly hatched chicks should be grit in the form of fine 
sand or some similar substance; but this advice is always 
qualified by the caution not to mix the grit with the food, 
as to do so means sickness and loss by bowel trouble. 
If grit cannot be safely mixed with the food and fed, even 
in small quantities, why feed it at all? We feed the hens 
grit by keeping a supply where they can help themselves. 
At the same time, it works no injury to the mature fowls 
if the grit is mixed with the mash, provided it is not used 
in excess; but since it is not possible to tell what the hen 
needs to regulate digestion, it is wise to let her help 
herself. The gizzard of the chick is free from sand or 
grit, and should remain free until old enough to begin to 
grind its own food. That is usually at the age of ten days. 
Before that they should be fed on food which can be di- 
gested without the aid of grit." 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



773 



The Horse. 



NOTES (By W. J. Carter). 
"Broad Rock." 

It is interesting to note the extent to which Shetland 
ponies are making history these days, and certainly this 
is as it should be when we consider the wonderful de- 
gree of tractability of these midgets and their ready 
adaptation to various uses, not the least by any means 
of which is the pleasure they afford children and ladies 
as drivers and for use under the saddle by the juvenile 
division. A couple of seasons back the attention of the 
trotting horse fanciers was attracted to these midgets of 
the Equine world by the fact that a Shetland pony figured 
as the grand dam of the Grand Circuit winner, Lotta, 
2:08 1-4, who was exported upon receipt of a handsome 
price, though even more recently history has been made 
by Shetlands from the fact that noted horse show exhibi- 
tors like the Vanderbilts, Judge Moore, of Chicago, and 
other wealthy enthusiasts on the subject have been pay- 
ing big prices for ponies for exhibition purposes. Not long 
since Afred G. Vanderbilt gave the price of a good race 
horse for a couple of ponies, while two more from the 
farm of Charles E. Bunn, the Illinois breeder, brought 
over a thousand dollars each at auction — a world's record 
figure. 

Among the best known breeders in this section are E. 
A. Saunders, Jr., of the Buckland Farm on the James 
River; Carl H. Nolting, Harry C. Beattie, Duncan Wright, 
of Petersburg, and Dr. Nash P. Snead, of Montrose Farm, 
near Cartersville, in Cumberland county. Both of the 
latter have been importers, and while Mr. Wright has 
practically closed out his holdings, there is a charming 
lot of both Island and home-bred products at Montrose 
Farm. At Buckland Farm the preference is accorded 
home-bred specimens, and a grand looking stallion from 
the Bunn farm heads the herd, but Dr. Snead states that 
the imported pony seems more docile and tractable, with 
less nervousness, as a rule, than those bred in this coun- 
try, though risk and expense attached to direct importa- 
tions form handicaps of the sort not easily overcome; 
in fact, of fifty-one head brought over from the Islands 
last fall to Montrose Farm eleven head succumbed to 
distemper contracted enroute, while several of the choic- 
est mares lost their foals this spring. One of the most 
interesting sights there is the work of little Martha Snead, 
who at seven years old is an expert in the way of hand- 
ling, and with the brown stallion, imported Steinvorrod, 
and others, she drives about the neighborhood, oftentimes 
with two or three younger sisters, in her tiny break-cart. 
One of this little lady's diminutive pupils is the hand- 
some brown mare owned by Thomas W. Purcell, of this 
city. 

A Richmond pony whose good looks and manners render 
him very attractive is Eric Dhu, a registered son of Ivan 
Dhu, that was obtained by Archer Anderson, Jr., from 
Duncan Wright. Elsia, the dam of Eric Dhu, is one of 
the choice brood mares in the herd of Carl Nolting. One 
of the most serviceable ponies in Richmond, however, is 
the gray gelding, owned by President George W. Stevens, 
of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, though, for useful- 
ness and good looks, with exquisite quality, not a pony 



here attracts more attention than the litle black mare, 
Nellie, used by the children of Andrew J. Smith, and 
several times a blue ribbon wonner at the Norfolk and 
Richmond Horse Shows. Nellie was imported by the 
Abells, of the Baltimore Sun. There are also several 
nice ponies in use by the children at Laburnum, one of 
them a yearling, and this midget has the form and action 
of a show ring winner now. 



Joseph Lassiter, the former North Carolinian, but for 
many years past a resident of Richmond, and well known 
as a factor in the horse and mule trade of Virginia, has 
removed from the Southern Stock Yards and leased the 
large and well appointed stables at Nineteenth and Frank- 
lin streets, where choice offerings of various grades may 
be had at the lowest market values. Semi-weekly auction 
sales on Wednesdays and Saturdays are also features of 
the establishment. Mr. Lassiter's prize winning trotting 
stallion, "Petaurist," is in the stud at his new place and 
a richer bred horse it not to be seen than the son of 
Peter the Great, 2:071-4, and Felka, by Arion, 2:07 3-4. 
There are also well bred trotting, road and driving horses 
in the stable in addition to drafters, general-purpose, 
business and work horses. 

At Stoneridge Farm, near Richmond, L. J. Peters, who 
handles the trotters and pacers at that attractive and 
well kept country place for Irving J. Coffin, has some 
eight or ten head in his stable and all of them are doing 
well. Peter's string includes Dr. Opera, bay colt, 3, by 
Doctor Mason, 2:113-4, from Lady Opera, by Cecilian, 
2:19 1-4, and she out of the great brood mare, Effie Davis, 
dam of Lord Sumrall, 2 : 10 1-4, etc., by Red Wilkes. 
Wealth, 2 : 10, by Gambetta Wilkes, 2 : 19 1-4, dam Mag- 
nolia, by Norfolk, and some likely young things by Wealth, 
out of the farm mares. Wealth could show two-minute 
speed in his races, while as a show horse at the fairs 
this big brown stallion has frequenty been returned a blue 
ribbon winner, among his trophies being first prize at the 
Virginia State Fair last fall. The son of Gambetta Wilkes 
has been busy in the stud this season, with over fifty 
patrons, most of them the best mares in Virginia, includ- 
ing Maggie S., 2.17 1-4; May Athol, 2:30, and an elegant 
pair of bays from Mrs. Howard Gould's estate, near Lynch- 
burg. 



The yearlings from R. J. Hancock & Son's Ellerslie 
Stud, Charlottesville, Va., and those from Henry T. Ox- 
nard's Blue Ridge Stud, at Rectortown, Va., were sold 
at Sheepshead Bay, New York and better prices pre- 
vailed, as higher averages were made and bidding was 
far more spirited. Eleven head from Ellerslie were of- 
fered, and Wiliam Garth, the well-known Virginia trainer, 
the owner of Ingleside Farm, at Charlottesville, paid the 
top price of $1,250 for a full brother to the noted steeple- 
chaser, T. S. Martin. Garth trained the latter and won 
some of the classic cross-country events with the son of 
Fatherless. Eighteen head from the Blue Ridge Stud 
brought $5,275, making an average of almost $300. Sum- 
mary of these sales follows: 

(Continued on page 785.) 



774 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTEK. 



Miscellaneous. 



[August, 










VIRGINIA'S OPPORTUNITY. 
The Greatest Need — A Larger Farming Population. 

Editor Southern Planter: — 

Virginia, like most of the other Southern States, is 
primarily an agricultural section and she must always 
look to the production of farm crops for her enduring 
prosperity. 

The greatest handicap under which the State is labor- 
ing is the totally inadequate country population to culti- 
vate the land susceptible of cultivation and the great 
loss of revenue consequent on this unfortunate condition. 

The way to make the towns and cities of the State 
more prosperous and populous is first of all to fill up 
these waste lands and deserted farms with a new popu- 
lation that will bring them back into abundant fruition 
and in so doing furnish a consuming population that 
will insure the continued growth of the cities and towns. 
In the Central and New England States, in the great 
Northwest and Canada are thousands of people who are 
looking with longing eyes to the South, and if the South- 
ern States, through their State Commissioners of Agri- 
culture and other available sources, would institute a 
broad and liberal publicity campaign, spreading broadcast 
literature and other advertising matter, setting forth the 
unparalleled inducements offered to the homeseekers and 
farmers, then they should in the next few years witness 



an influx of good, industrious and thrifty settlers that 
would mean more towards the permanent and substantial 
upbuilding of the South than could be brought about in 
any other way. 

Henry Wallace, publisher of Wallace's Farmer, one of 
the largest farm papers in the West, writes, after a trip 
through the South, that it is an undeveloped agricultural 
field of wonderful possibilities and innumerable attrac- 
tions. That he attributes the lack of more material de- 
velopment almost entirely to the fact that her resources 
have not been published abroad and consequently the 
land-hungry population of the North and West know little 
about this rich Southern country. 

The Western States, through their State Boards, Busi- 
ness Men's Associations, Boards of Trade, and their rail 
roads, are spending literally hundreds of thousands of 
dollars annually in exploiting their resources and reap- 
ing millions in the increased population that is develop- 
ing these resources. 

I have talked with many Virginia farmers who deplore 
the fact that it is now impossible to get labor to prop- 
erly continue the farm operations, and yet, it never seems 
to occur to them that by selling off a part of their un- 
cultivated land to settlers with large families of working 
boys and girls, they would not only be doing the new- 
comer a kindness, but be helping to re-populate the coun- 
try in which they live, and in increasing the population, 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



775 



giving themselves a better opportunity to secure good 
labor when needed. 

I believe there are not less than fifty thousand farms 
in Virginia that could be d'vided up into two or more 
farms and worked to infinitely better advantage with 
the increased population that could be induced to locate 
on them than they are being worked at the present time. 
Mr. Farmer, with several hundred acres at your com- 
mand, think this over carefully and then, if you decide 
to do this, cut off a good piece of your farm of anywhere 
from fifty to one hundred acres, if it has a house and 
barn on it, put it in good repair, and make it comfort- 
able and habitable. Next, write the commissioner of 
Agriculture, at Richmond, and myself, if you are located 
in Norfolk and Western territory, or the Land Depart- 
ment of the railroad nearest you, stating you have done 
this and would like to have a good description of the 
place with terms of sale printed in all their literature 
that is sent out. If you have the land to spare and 
want more good neighbors and consequent increased pros- 
perity, but have no buildings on the land, then write me 
personally and I will send you blueprints, plans and spe- 
cifications so you can erect either of the houses or the 
barn shown in the illustration at a small expense com- 
pared with the general utility and neat appearance of 
each of them. The beautiful colonial home can be erect- 
ed complete, including paint and paper, for less than 
$500. The little cottage for about $150, and the barn for 
the same amount, and where the farmer does the work 
himself, it will only cost him about half as much. The 
large house has five large, comfortable rooms; the cot- 
tage has three, and the barn is a combined barn, imple- 
ment or tool house and corn crib. A small charge to just 
cover cost of publication and mailing of these blueprints 
and specifications will be made and will not in either 
case exceed one dollar per set. 

The way to get settlers on our idle agricultural lands 
Is to first make it attractive for settlers to come and 
then to tell them all about it so they will know what 
good opporunities we have in store for them. Home- 
seekers and settlers are pouring into Texas at the rate 
of a quarter of a million a year and this is being accom- 
plished by the bold, persistent and attractive advertis- 
ing coupled with the indomitable energy and untiring 
zeal and loyalty shown by all the residents of that won- 
derfully aggressive State. Virginia offers better oppor- 
tunities to-day to the settler of average means than al- 
most any other Western State and an abundant advertis- 
ing of these inducements combined with a warm-hearted 
and sincere welcome on arrival here, with an evident 
desire to help them locate satisfactorily and a strong 
and universal condemnation of the shady tactics that 
have been adopted in some sections in dealing with 
the newcomer, will accomplish wonderful results in the 
sttling up of the waste places in Virginia. 

We must make the settler feel that he is among friends 
who are anxious to have him succeed and thus aid each 
other to command better results. A man who sells a. farm 
to a new settler at a price higher than it is worth, who 
accepts a partial payment knowing the settler cannot 
meet the other payments when due, and who later on 
forecloses him and thus not only ruins him temporarily 
if not permanently when he might have advised him 



to buy a smaller place in accordance with his means, 
and, by helpful advice and encouragement, assisted him 
to become an independent and successful citizen — a man 
who will do this, I say, is a disgrace to any community 
and should be eliminated if possible. If it is not possi- 
ble to get rid of him, then he should be suppressed and 
every newcomer warned against him. Give the young 
men a chance, take them into your fullest confidence, and 
thus induce them to stay at home and develop your own 
resources. 

The young man with energy and ambition will desert 
you just as sure as you do not do this, and I have 
never yet seen a community where the population con- 
sisted principally of older men, women and children, 
that was growing and becoming more prosperous from 
year to year. The West has built up its wonderful em- 
pire by making strong bids for the young men of from 
eighteen to thirty years with all the red-blooded energy 
and initiative that only youth can give, and, furthermore, 
the older sections of the East have suffered to the same 
extent as they have lost this potential population that 
has left them to join a people who welcomed them and 
bade them enter the country, where the young man was 
king and his kingdom awaiting only his own energy to 
bring fullest fruition. 

New industries and factories in a community are a good 
thing within certain prescribed limits, but the industry 
tnat we need most of all is the industry of hundreds and 
thousands of good, industrious and thrifty American men 
and women and children to occupy our uncultivated farm 
lands and thus furnish a consuming population that will 
need more factories and other industries in our cities to 
furnish the products to supply the market thus established. 
Fill up the country and the cities and towns will take 
care of themselves and simply cannot help but grow and 
prosper with the general prosperity of the State. 

California appropriates, I am told, over half a million 
dollars a year to publish its advantages to the outside 
world, and if Virginia could be induced to spend fifty 
or a hundred thousand dollars annually in acquainting 
the farmers of the North and West with the unusual ad- 
vantages she offers we would get the money back with 
a big interest on the investment through the increased 
tax returns brought about by the development that would 
accrue. 

If it is a good business investment for the railroads of 
the South to maintain Immigration Departments with 
which to advertise their agricultural resources when the 
only immediate returns they get is the small amount 
of extra passenger business induced, then how much bet- 
ter an investment it would be for the State at large, 
through a department organized for that purpose, to spend 
money liberally in this cause when every new settler and 
his family is rated by competent authorities to be worth 
not less than one thousand dollars to the State? 

Our Commissioner of Agriculture has secured most ex- 
cellent returns with a publicity appropriation of much 
less than that appropriated by several of the railroads 
within the State for the prosecution of this line of work. 
He represents the farmers of Virginia and is doing all 
that he can to better their condition within the limits of 
the funds provided him. I believe that he should have 
many times the amount now appropriated for advertising 



776 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



publicity, to allow him to advertise throughout the North 
and West and enable him to lay before these people the 
opportunities which await them in our Southland. I 
further believe that if this were dene we could increase 
our agricultural population throughout the State to an 
extent that would bring increased revenues which would 
many times more than pay for the expense involved. The 
farmers have this power within their hands and further- 
more they should have the hearty coo-peration of the 
business men in the cities and towns throughout the State 
to bring about the early consummation of a plan that will 
insure an influx of desirable settlers to help us develop 
the resources which we never can develop properly with 
the limited population at our command. 

Roanoke, Va. F. H. LaBAUME, 

Agricultural and Industrial Agt., N. & W. R. R. 



THE FARMVILLE DAIRYING ENTERPRISE. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

I have read the several communications in your jour- 
nal and also your editorial comments in reference to the 
progress of dairying in Virginia, and I notice in one of 
the editorial comments the following language: "We have 
been informed by an excellent authority that the cream- 
ery which these promoters have saddled on the farmers 
around Farmville has cost them $1,500 to $2,000 more 
than it could have been erected and equipped for." 

I do not know who your "excellent authority" was, and 
ordinarily such a misleading statement would n ot be 
deemed worthy of contradiction. However, since the 
statement has been made in the columns of your worthy 
periodical, which, by virtue of its prestige and circula- 
tion, is calculated to do harm to both our town and its 
dairying enterprise as well as to the company that built 
our plant, I deem it worthy of reply. 

As a stockholder of the Farmville Creamery Association 
and Vice-President of the Farmville Board of Trade, 
which organization fostered and encouraged the establish- 
ment of this enterprise in our community, I feel that I 
am somewhat familiar with the facts in this case and 
further feel that you would not intentionally use the col- 
umns of the Southern Planter for the purpose of injury- 
ing or detracting from the progress of this all important 
Industry in Virginia. 

With such a preamble, I desire to state some facts in 
connection with the Farmville Creamery Association, 
which I hope will contribute toward clearing up any 
misconception that you might have in the matter as well 
as any that might prevail among your readers. 

In the first place, from the beginning of this year, our 
town and community and farmers generally have felt 
and discussed the all important desirability of establish- 
ing a creamery business here. This is only one of the 
different local enterprises that the Farmville Board of 
Trade has been fostering for many months. In our coun- 
ty there are a great many thrifty farmers who have good 
dairy farms and an up-to-date creamery in our midst, 
they realize, as well as our town, will contribute 
greatly to the commercial prosperity of the county and re- 
sult in great good to our community. 

In the early part of this year, the representatives of 
the company that built our plant came to our town and at 
the invitation of the Farmville Board of Trade they took 



up the subject of establishing an up-to-date and sanitary 
creamery here. From that moment the Farmville Board 
of Trade encouraged this enterprise unanimously and co- 
operated in every way possible in its establishment here. 
Through such cooperation the farmers of our community 
were soon interested in the enterprise and by harmonious 
work the industry was launched and is now a great suc- 
cess in every particular. It has been in actual operation 
not over seven weeks and has attained a far greater 
success than any of us had ever anticipated at this stage 
of development. It is a refreshing sight to our people 
to see our town every morning literally filled with milk 
wagons coming to the creamery. It is an enterprise that 
we have long needed and everybody looks forward to 
great and permanent results from it. 

As to the suggestion in your periodical that our peo- 
ple have been swindled or dishonestly dealt with by the 
company that built our plant, it is absolutely without 
foundation in fact. The company that built our plant has 
.carried out in full both the letter and the spirit of their 
contract with our creamery company. They have not only 
done that, but they are equally as interested in its suc- 
cess as ourselves, and their representatives, who are now 
establishing creameries of a similar nature at other points 
in the State, return to our town from time to time for 
the purpose of bringing other dairymen to inspect our 
plant. 

Our creamery now is receiving about twenty-two hun- 
dred pounds of milk per day and we are finding ready 
market for our butter at standard prices. Our butter is 
conceded by everybody who has used it to be of the 
very finest quality, and, in accordance with our contract 
with the company that built our plant, they have sent to 
us a butter-maker, who now has charge of the plant, and 
who is an experienced and thoroughly equipped man for 
the work in charge. I have heard a great many people 
speak of our creamery butter and all of them say it is 
superior to any country butter which they have been able 
to get for years. 

In the establishment of this plant we have had the 
kind operation of Professor Saunders, the State Dairy 
Commissioner, and also valuable suggestions from the 
Dairy Inspector. We appreciate greatly the co-operation 
of these gentlemen and it is the desire of our town to con- 
duct the creamery here in conformity with every regu- 
lation of the Dairy Commissioner of the State, and we hope 
to have full and frequent inspection by his Department 
and to carry out every regulation thereof. 

It is needless for me to say anything as to the great 
necessity for the dairy business in Southside Virginia. 
Your readers fully understand, I take it, that the success- 
ful establishment of dairies in our State would mean a 
vast development of our resources and also great good 
to our people. 

In reference to the work of the company that built our 
plant at this place, I wish to say to you that but for 
their persistent labor and co-operation with us we would 
not at this time have any creamery in our community. 
It is all very well to talk about the company that built 
our plant charging more for the promotion and establish- 
ment of a creamery than its actual cost to them, but any 
intelligent business man. must needs know that the promo- 
tion and actual establishment of an enterprise is worth 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



777 



more to its successful operation than any part of expense 
attached to it. The cost of the material in our building 
and equipment is admitted to be considerably less than 
the amount charged us in our contract with the company 
that built our plant. In the establishment of this cream- 
ery, we realize that it would be easy enough to purchase 
the material and machinery and have them dumped off 
the railroad in our town and possibly have the building 
erected, but that is a long way from establishing a cream- 
ery company and putting it into successful operation. 

The great work which the company that built our plant 
did for us consisted in organizing our farmers for the pur- 
pose of patronizing and successfully operating the cream- 
ery, and this, too, for a period of weeks at their own ex- 
pense; the representatives ot the company that built our 
plant instructed our people in the actual work of a cream- 
ery; created the enthusiasm essential to its establishment; 
organized the business; instructed our farmers in methods 
of sanitation, and taught them how to handle their milk 
to the best advantage, and in every particular established 
the business in full. 

This part of their contract is the valuable work they 
did, and without this particularly active work on their 
part we would have had no creamery. This fact is well 
known in the establishment of any business enterprise; 
the cost of material is a small matter in comparison with 
the other valuable essentials in the successful establish- 
ment and operation of an industry. In the first place, the 
representatives of this company created the spirit of co- 
operation among our farmers. This was valuable work. 
In the second place, after the spirit of co-operation and 
enthusiasm had been established, they showed the farmers 
how to manage the business, which was equally as valu- 
able. 

I do not hesitate to say but for this phase of the work 
of these representatives we would have had no cream- 
ery to-day, nor probably for years to come, though there 
would have been many people in the community who 
would desire such an enterprise. Now, for the foregoing 
work, the company that built our plant charged our local 
creamery company upon a basis of 20 per cent, profit 
on their actual outlay in expenditures for material and 
otherwise. Were such services not worth the charge 
made therefor? I answer unhesitatingly that the work 
was worth to our community and to our enterprise much 
more than the amount they charged, and in support of 
such a statement I allege the foregoing facts. The Presi- 
dent of the company voluntarily offered to show to the 
stockholders of the local company an itemized statement 
of the cost of our plant and his offer was so confidently 
received that not a single stockholder doubted its abso- 
lute good faith even to the point of not suggesting that 
such detailed informaion be given. This fact snows the 
satisfaction of our people with the work of the company 
that built our plant here. I realize full well that every 
known enterprise has its knockers. This fact is true 
now and has been from the beginning of time, and in 
the inception of this movemnet in our town, there were 
those who were inclined to knock the establishment of 
our creamery. We expected it and paid no attention to it 
and at the present time some of those who most persist- 
ently knocked in the beginning are the most pleased and 
contented patrons of the creamery, and the knocking 



at the beginning has been totally overcome by the mag- 
nificent demonstration and results of our creamery in 
operation. 

Now, as to your statement that the creamery 
contract offered to us by the company* that built 
our plant being a joint obligation in which every sub- 
scriber makes himself personally responsible for the whole 
obligation, that is without foundation in fact. On the day 
that our stockholders paid their subscription, each to one 
share of stock, each stockholder was given a receipt in 
full for all liabilities due to the company that built our 
plant by virtue of its contract; and the contract under 
which the said company is now operating in the State, 
and a copy of which I have before me, contains the fol- 
lowing language: "Every subscriber, upon paying his sub- 
scription, will be given a receipt releasing him from any 
further liability to the company that built our plant,' but 
the giving of such individual receipt or release shall not 
affect the liability of the other subscribers. 

As a lawyer, I will say that under the statutes of this 
State, it is well known that such a contract is absolutely 
valid and that a release of each subscriber to a joint 
enterprise releases him without interfering with the lia- 
bility . of the other subscribers. This statement in itself 
ought to be a suffiicient refutation of your suggestion as 
to the nature of the contract presented by the company 
that built our plant. 

I notice no other specific point in your periodical that 
demands an answer and, in conclusion, I wish to say that 
in my opinion the work of the company that built our 
plant deserves the highest commendation at the hands of 
our people; they operated in perfect good faith in every 
particular and in this they have done even more than 
the letter or spirit of their contract provides for; they 
came to us most highly recommended from other States 
where they had been operating for years and I believe 
after their work receives the co-operation of our people, 
which it is justly entitled to, it will result in more last- 
ing good to our Commonwealth than any undertaking with- 
in her borders with which I am familiar. I hope to see 
our Southside Virginia filled with up-to-date creameries. 

The market for the manufactured products is now at 
hand and the talk of not establishing a creamery in any 
community until there is a sufficient number of cows al- 
ready secured to operate the plant is all buncombe. Like 
all new enterprise, let us establish the creamery and get 
in touch with the market for the manufactured product 
and only then will the farmers begin to stock their farm 
with cows. We have provided in the charter of our com- 
pany to supply our patrons with cows of high-class stock 
if they need them, and while our community has already a 
large number of milch cows on hand, I can see that the 
patrons of the creamery are beginning to look about for 
more cows and they will, in my opinion, increase their 
number as soon as an opportunity is given them. We have 
already on hand a sufficient number of cows to operate 
our creamery on a paying basis, but it is the intention 
of the directors of our creamery in the near future to 
purchase two or three carloads of good cows and put 
them here and sell them to our farmers to be paid for at 
a reasonable profit, of course, by monthly payments out of 
their monthly milk-check. In this way I do not hesitate 
to say that in a year or two we will have a large supply 



778 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



of breeding cows in addition to the ample supply that we 
have already, and I see no reason why every community 
where a creamery is established should not be able to do 
likewise. J. TYLER THOMPSON. 

Prince Edward Co., Va. 

We gladly give this communication publicity The point 
made in our article to which objection was taken that the 
cost of the Farmville Creamery was in excess of what 
such a creamery could have been built for appears to be 
admitted, therefore, we were correct in making the state- 
ment. If the owners are satisfied with the return for that 
extra outlay we can have no objection to their so spending 
their money. We believe that they could have gotten th 
same results at less cost by availing themselves of the 
services of the State Dairy Commissioner, part of whose 
business it is to create a sentiment in favor of the erec- 
tion of creameries and to do this at no cost to the parties 
desiring to benefit by such an enterprise. However, this 
is a matter upon which the parties interested have a per- 
fect right of choice. We are glad to know the creamery is 
a success and wish it every prosperity. The State needs 
these industries and all we are anxious about is that they 
shall be gotten at the least cost and be only placed where 
conditions are such as to ensure success. Creameries 
without cows to supply them are burdens and not benefits. 
—Ed. 



NOMINATION OF COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 

Editor Southern Planter: — 

Sincere expressions of regret, freely interspersed with 
strong language of disapproval are daily heard all through 
the Southwest, with the position the Southern Planter has 
taken in the effort inaugurated by certain disappointed, 
disgruntled individuals, their friends and supporters, to 
oust the present efficient Commissioner of Agriculture, by 
superseding him by the election of Mr. J. Thompson 
Brown, for long a member of the V. P. I. Board. Why 
he is not now might be a subject of interesting inquiry. 
However this may be, it will be admitted that Mr. Brown 
is a gentleman of fair ability and irreproachable person- 
ality; this is not controverted — neither will it be denied 
that the possession of these qualities stop far short of 
equipping a successful head for our "Agricultural Bureau." 
In the present head, we have ability, rugged honesty, with 
many years to his credit of intelligently and diligently 
improved opportunity in which to become acquainted with 
the agricultural resources and conditions in the State, 
and in familiar touch with the agricultural population, 
and understands the necessities of each — as few, or none, 
of his predecessors have done; and is undeniably better 
prepared for real work and usefulness than perhaps any 
otner man in the State. To displace him now, after years 
of laborious preparation for greater usefulness, would, 
in the judgment of the writer, and thousands of the earn- 
est, fairminded farmer folk of Virginia be neither "square 
dealing" or good business, involving as it must, not only 
the danger of a serious check to the rapidly improving 
agricultural prosperity under tne present management, 
but a back set of more or less duration, while his suc- 
cessor, is educating himself up to the point of the pres- 
ent commissioner's usefulness, and at the expense of the 
public and a serious check to the onflowing current of 



improvement in the development of the State's resources, 
as revived, promoted and energetically worked out, not in 
"bookkeeping and office work" only or mainly, but through- 
out and all over the hitherto neglected and unculti- 
vated fields of the Commonwealth. Thoughtful and in- 
telligent farmers are going to pause and reflect when the 
time is ripe for action and demand a fair, honest deal for 
the only really useful officer, in the person of its pres- 
ent head, which this department has had for several de- 
cades. Really about the only one who for many years 
(outside of comfortable offices at stated intervals) has 
practically made himself heard, seen and felt. 

Tazewell, Va., July 21, '09. A. J. TYNES. 



Writing us with the foregoing article our old friend 
says: Being absolutely and unalterably in favor of the re- 
election of Major Geo. W. Koiner, present Commissioner 
of Agriculture, to succeed himself, and learning, mainly 
through public rumor, that you refused, as editor, to al- 
low any article advocating the propriety of retaining 
Major Koiner in his present office, space in the "Southern 
Planter," as a friend of the Planter and its editor, I hope 
no such partisan position has been or will be, taken by 
the Planter, but safe slight evidence at least to tne con- 
trary may be afforded to the Planter's friends in tnis sec- 
tion by the prompt publishment in next issue of the en- 
closed paper. From a friend and patron. 

Tazewell Co., Va. A. J. TYNES. 

Our answer to the complaint and implied censure of our 
friend and correspondent is the publication of this arti- 
cle and two others in this issue which are the only ones 
we have had sent in supporting Mr. Koiner and which 
therefore are the only ones we could have published, 
bowever willing we might have been. We want our 
friends to clearly understand, what we thought our twenty 
years' practice had already sufficiently emphasized, the fact 
that we are always ready to give even the "Devil iiis 
due." We have published many articles controverting 
positions we have taken up on various questions at various 
times and have always regarded it as our duty and priv- 
ilege to do so. We are always ready to recognize that 
there at least two sides to every question and that a pub- 
lic journalist who fails to appreciate this and give to each 
side the opportunity to be heard lamentably fails in the 
discharge of the duties and privileges of his position. We 
hope we shall never be found wanting in this respect. We 
require that the facts shall be accurately stated and the 
language be courteous and then no one need hesitate to 
asK the privileke of our columns to controvert anything 
which we may advance. 

Now a word as to the subject matter. We have no apol- 
ogies to make for espousing the cause of Mr. Brown. We 
have closely followed the work of Mr. Koiner since he was 
appointed to his present office and have felt and frequently 
publicly expressed the opinion that he lacked the force 
of character, initiative and ability to measure up to the 
requirements of the office. Especially have we felt and 
expressed the opinion that in his constant conflict with 
the State Board of Agriculture that he was failing in his 
duty and injuring the progress of the work of the depart- 
ment. The Constitution of Virginia reposes in the State 
Board of Agriculture the control and management of the 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



779 



work incidental to the development and advancement of 
the agricultural interests of the State and the Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture is only the executive officer of that 
Board. To ensure the working of this provision of the 
constitution there should be loyal obedience and co-oper- 
ation between the Board and its officer. This has never 
existed since Mr. Koiner was appointed. Gentleman of the 
highest integrity and fitness for the position of members 
of the Board have been appointed by the different Gov- 
ernors who have filled the. executive chair since Mr 
Koiner was first appointed and with nearly all these gen- 
tlemen he has sooner or later come into conflict until upon 
the last Board he had succeeded in placing every mem- 
ber of the Board except one or two in antagonism to 
him and his ways. He now complains, and our corres- 
pondent reiterates this, that he is opposed by disgruntled 
and disappointed office seekers. Surely, such a statement is 
to say the least ungenerous and unjust when applied to 
gentlemen like Dr. McBryde, Mr. Julian Ruffin, Mr. Bev- 
erly, Major Cowan, C. W. Heater and others all belonging 
to the same political party to which Mr. Koiner claims 
allegiance. We could add others to this list who have 
been members of the Board at various times and whose 
terms of office have expired or who voluntarily retired 
because weary of the conflict with Mr. Koiner. Surely 
the existence of such a state of affairs in the conduct of 
a branch of the government of the State is of itself suffi- 
cient justification for an attempt to change and bring about 
a better condition. There must be harmony between the 
Board and its officer or progress cannot be made and be- 
yond this there must be harmony and hearty co-operation 
between the Board and its officer and the other institutions 
of the State concerned in the advancement of different 
phases of the agricultural problems of the State. With 
Mr. Koiner in office no such co-operation has existed. He 
has steadily set his face against it. The testimony of the 
gentlemen interested in these other institutions and their 
work is unanimous on this point. To claim as has been 
done that Mr. Koiner first started Farmers' Institutes in 
the State and therefore first reached out to help the farmers 
at home is absolutely false. We ourselves attended Farm- 
ers' Institutes in the different Congressional Districts of 
the State way back in the days when Col. Whitehead was 
Commissioner. It should be remembered that former 
Boards and Commissioners had not the means to push their 
work which the present Board and Mr. Koiner has had. 
In Col. Whitehead's time the Board had only an appropria- 
tion of $10,000 per year to cover all the cost of adminis- 
tering the fertilizer law and the other work of the de- 
partment. Mr. Koiner and the Board had last year over 
$45,000 to carry on the work of the department of which 
Mr. Koiner spent over $14,000 in salaries and the Com- 
missioner's salary is not included in this amount as he 
is paid out of the State funds. The salaries alone were 
thus more than $4,000 in excess of the whole sum ap- 
propriated for the work of Col. Whitehead and his Board. 
Sure'y it is reasonable to expect more with the expenditure 
of $45,000 than $10,000. We have failed to see anything 
like a commensurate increase of good worK done with the 
increased money available. We have not space to elaborate 
further on this subject. We want all our friends to look 



into Mr. Koiner's record and conduct and if 'they will do 
this with open minds we have no fear but that Mr. Brown 
will be elected. — Ed. 



Editor Southern Planter: — 

It was a matter of sincere regret to many of the sub- 
scribers when the Planter took the part of a partisan in 
the factional fight now being made on the Commissioner 
of Agriculture. Having allowed the friends of Mr. Brown 
the use of your columns you cannot in common fairness 
refuse the advocates of Mr. Koiner the same courtesy. 

It should not be necessary to answer the attacks of Mr. 
J. H. C. Beverley and Mr. C. W. Heater, in your last 
issue. These gentlemen are personal and political ene- 
mies of Commissoner Koiner, and their constant and petty 
nagging of him in the meetings of the State Board of 
Agriculture is too fresh in the mind of the public for their 
vaporings to count now. Under the circumstances their 
oppesition amounts to nothing. 

With an agility surprising in one of his age, Prof. W. F. 
Massey springs into the arena with both feet, boosting 
North Carolina for her Farmer's Institutes. If our ven- 
erable friend had not lived so long out of Virginia he 
would have known that Mr. Koiner first introduced trav- 
elling institutes, and North Carolina has only been copy- 
ing after him. If Prof. Massey will take the advice of an 
old admirer he will quickly backstep out of the political 
arena, and confine himself to cow peas and crimson clover. 

The speeches of Mr. Koiner's opponent, Mr. Brown, have 
been for the most part a repetition of Mr. Beverley, a 
rehearsal of old stuff threshed out in the State Board of 
Agriculture, and in regard to which the legislature sus- 
tained and vindicated Mr. Koiner. In a recent speech, 
however, Mr. Brown is reported to have sprung a new 
charge, and a very remarkable one, namely: that Mr. 
Koiner, in collusion with fertilizer manufacturers, tried to 
defeat the law regulating the sale of fertilizers. I was a 
member of the General Assembly at the time, and I re- 
member that Mr. Koiner had the bill typewritten, showed 
it to members, and it was, in fact, at his instance the bill 
was introduced and became a law. The charge that he 
tried to prevent its passage, in the interests of fertilizer 
manufacturers is ridiculous as well as untrue. 

The Planter's lament is that the Commissioner has not 
worked well in harmony with other agricultural agencies, 
notably the V. P. I. The professors at the V. P. I. were 
invited to take part in the institutes. It is true they did 
not often do so. Perhaps they had troubles of their own. 
Growing corn crops of five bushels per acre, and criticizing 
each other and the other departments, left little time for 
outside work. 

Commissioner Koiner deserved a renomination without 
oppositon. He will be re-elected. Virginians will not re- 
move a faithful and efficent officer simply to please a small 
faction with a grievance. 

Augusta Co., Va. JOHN W. TODD. 

Mr. Koiner was not the first to introduce travelling in- 
stitutes in this State. Through the courtesy and kindness of 
the Norfolk & Western Railway Company this innovation 
in institute work was first introduced in the State and this 
was done at the request and through the efforts of Prof. 
Soule, at that time Director of the Virginia Experiment 



780 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Station. Neither Mr. Koiner nor the State Board of Ag- 
riculture had anything to do with this introduction so far 
as we are informed. We have no apologies to make for 
taking up the candidacy of Mr. Brown. We are of the 
opinion that the State of Virginia is entitled to a better 
qualified man than Mr. Koiner for his office and believe 
that in Mr. Brown we shall have such an one. — Ed. 



Editor Southern Planter: — 

I have read carefully all you have written on the nom- 
intion of the Commissioner of Agriculture and most heart- 
ily endorse the same. Mr. Koiner is utterly unworthy 
and inefficient in every way for the place, and you will 
render a great service to the farmers of the State if you 
can succeed in accomplishing his defeat. 

1 note in the July number that you say Mr. Coiner did 
not prepare the tonnage tax fertilizer bill. This is true, 
but you are wrong in saying that the bill was prepared by 
a committee of the Board of Agriculture. The Board 
did prepare a bill but it was the one defining the powers 
and duties of the Commissioner. This is the bill I sup- 
pose you had reference to. I prepared the fertilizer bil 
without the aid of Mr. Koiner or any member of the 
Board and I had it offered in the Senate at the Legislature 
of 1897-98. For particulars see my letter to Mr. Brown 
published in the News Leader and Journal July 7, 1909. 

T. J. STRATTON. 

We are glad to make this correction as to the Fertilizer 
Bill. We inadvertently confused the two bills. — Ed. 



THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 

Editor Southern Planter: — 

Whilst I have no desire to enter into the controversy 
being carried on in the columns of The Southern Planter 
concerning the course pursued by the present Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture, the Honorable G. W. Koiner, my 
sense of justice and fair dealing alone induce me to testi- 
fy to the interest that he always has taken in the work 
of Farmers' Institutes and the Test Farm at Saxe, Char- 
lotte county, Virginia. My first visit to the State arose 
from an invitation from Hon. C. W. Heater, then a mem- 
ber of the State Board of Agricuture, who wrote me that 
he had gone to the Department of Agricuture at Wash- 
ington to secure aid in conducting some Institutes in his 
district and that I had been recommended for that work. 
My first recollection of that, my first visit to the State, 
is that on that occasion we held Institutes at Fishers 
Hill Woodstock and Winchester. Hon. G. W. Koiner, 
Commissioner of Agriculture, was present at all these 
meetings, manifesting a lively interest in the proceed- 
ings and participating in the discussions and encourag- 
ing the farmers to more thorough preparation for their 
work. These were amongst the first, perhaps the very 
first, Institutes he^ under the auspices of the Board. 
Mr. Koiner, then and there, invited me to assist in a se- 
ries of Institutes that he had in contemplation. My du- 
ties as Director of Institutes in one of the four sections 
of Pennsylvania prevented my return until the following- 
March, when I returned to Virginia for Institute work, Mr. 
Koiner being present at almost every one held that sea 
son. 

I have done Institute work in every county of Pennsyl- 



vania, in Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, and in these 
States the head of the Agricultural Department has an 
assistant who has charge of this work, thus relieving the 
Commissioner of this duty, which would take him away 
from his office. Mr. Koiner, however, has taken upon 
himself the work of two men to advance the Institutes 
of the State. 

Since that time I have assisted in Institute work in 
upwards of ninety of the one hundred counties of this 
grand old State ,and in almost every one Mr. Koiner 
his done noble service. He was the first Commissioner 
to inaugurate a Railroad Institute in any Southern State, 
I believe, and has traversed all portions of the State by 
interesting railroad and steamboat officials to such a 
degree that all sections of the State have been visited 
through their liberality, for the purpose of holding Insti- 
tutes with little or no expense to the State. 

I repeat, a sense of justice and fair dealing alone actu- 
ate me, unsolicited by any one, to state the grand work 
that Mr. Koiner has done in this direction. 

My connection with the Test Farm for several years 
frequently required me to consult Mr. Koiner at his office 
and I always found him busy at work, even after office 
hours, laboring to advance the agricultural interests of 
the State. S. B. HEIGES. 

Powhatan Co., Va. 



FARM RENTING CUSTOMS IN VIRGINIA. 

Editor Southern Planter: 

D. L. Davidson, of Red River, Oregon, asks: "Will 
some of your readers kindly give through the columns of 
The Planter a general outline of the methods of farm 
renting throughout the South in general and Virginia in 
particular?" 

I shall confine my remarks to Southampton county, Vir- 
ginia in particular, and suppose conditions are about the 
same as to rents or tenants in all sections where we. 
have or raise what are termed hoed crops, which are 
cotton and peanuts. We have three classes of renters; 
viz.: First, the renter who has no team; second, the rent- 
er who has his team and pays one-fourth of all crops 
as rent; third, the renter who has his team and pays 
money rent. Now, let it be understood that all renters 
are furnished with necessary houses to live in, water and 
garden and wood for fuel by the land owner, who is sup- 
posed to keep the houses in repair. 

Renter No. 1 has to furnish all of the labor to make 
and harvest the crop and deliver half of all crops in a 
merchantable condition to the land owner as his rent for 
land, team and tools furnished to make and harvest said 
crops. The expenses for seed and for fertilizers used are 
borne equally between landlord and rental. Now, it often 
happens that this renter has nothing to feed his family 
on and must go in debt from the start. I have had ten- 
ants whose half of the crop and my half thrown in for 
good measure would not pay off their indebtedness. 

Renter No. 2 has his team, which is rarely more than 
is exempt under the poor debtor's law, and he too often 
fails to make crop enough to pay for the supplies that 
he bought on time. 

C. P. GRIZZARD. 

Southampton Co., Va. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



781 



THE 



Southern Planter 

PUBLISHED BY 

THE SOUTHERN PLANTER PUBLISHING CO., 

RICHMOND, VA. 

ISSUED ON 1ST OF EACH MONTH. 



J. F. JACKSON, 
Editor. 



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Business Manager. 



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Western Representative, 844 Tribune 

Building, Chicago, 111. 



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REMITTANCES should be made 
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PUBLISHERS' NOTES. 

TO ADVERTISERS. 

Please bear in mind that we must 
have all copy or instructions for ad- 
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month without fail. Every month we 
are compelled to omit advertising in 
large volumes for the simple reason 
that copy does not reach us in time. 



A NEAT BINDER. 
If you will send thirty cents to our 
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WOOD'S SEEDS— Beat quality always. 

Sow Crimson Clover 

at the last working of corn and other cultivated crops. 
It is the King of Soil Improvers, 

increasing the productiveness of the land to a wonderful ex- 
tent wherever it is sown. 

It also makes splendid fall, winter and spring grazing, 
the earliest green feed or a good hay crop, and the land can 
be plowed and planted in.corn or other crops the same season. 

Land planted to corn that is sown in Crimson Clover at 
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Write for price, and WOOD'S CROP SPECIAL, giv- 
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U 



T. W. WOOD 6 SONS, Seedsmen, 

Richmond, Virginia. 



VIRGINIA STATE FARMERS' 
INSTITUTE. 

Arrangements have been perfected 
for the Sixth Annual Session of the 
Virginia State Farmers' Institute, 
which w'll be held in Cabell Hall, at 
the University of Virginia, Charlottes- 
ville, on August 10th, 11th and 12th. 

The program committee has work- 
ed hard to give the farmers of the 
State the best program they have yet 
had. Among the strong speakers are 
Hon. F. D. Coburn, Secretary State 
Board of Agriculture, of Kansas, who 
made that State, agriculturally; Dr. 
S. A. Knapp, head of the Farm Demon- 
stration Work; Professor W. F. Mas- 
sey, known to hundreds of our read- 
ers; Dr. W. C. Stubbs, of Virginia, for 
thirty years Director of the Experi- 
ment Stations of Louisiana^ Joseph E. 
Wing, of Ohio, and others of promi- 
nence. We hoped to have had J. F. 
Jack, of California is putting down 
about one thousand acres of alfalfa 
on the Rappahannock River, but at 
the last minute he had to withdraw 
from the program. 

All railroads are kindly giving re- 
duced rates for the occasion and the 
Chamber of Commerce of Charlottes- 
ville, Virginia, has arranged an out- 
ing to Monticello, the nome of 
Thomas Jefferson, on the last day of 
the Institute. 

All farmers of the State are cor- 



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Compounded Semi-Annually. 



782 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 








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Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring A 
wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.,| 
bring more money. Ask for special proposition. I 
Haney Spring Co., 73317th St., Eacino, Wis. I 



dially invited to attend this session 
whether they are members or not, and 
a further invitation is given for all to 
become members. The dues are $1.00 
per year, which fee includes all privi- 
leges of the Institute, also a printed 
copy of the proceedings. 

For a copy of the program or furth- 
er information, address the Secretary, 
B. Morgan Shepherd, Box 840, Rich- 
mond, Virginia. 



WITH THE ADVERTISERS. 

A splendid opportunity for a young 
progressive farmer is offered by "L. 
R." in the "Want" columns. 

The Woman's College, Richmond, 
Virginia, has its announcement on an- 
other page. 

The Benthall Machine Co. has a 
prominent announcement of peanut 
machinery elsewhere in this issue. 

The Hill Crest Farm is offering 
bargains in Duroc Jersey hogs. 

Hereford cattle can be had of J. 
L. Pitts. See his ad. 

J. A. Strough is advertising Bel- 
gian horses 

Milking strains of Shorthorn cattle 
are offered by L. D. Kline. 

Amatite Roofing is again adver- 
tised this month. 

Jersey breeders will be interested 
in the advertisement of Allen Dale 
Farm. 

The Aermotor Co. has an attrac- 
tive announcement in this issue. 

The International Harvester Co. 
resumes its advertising of its lines 
this month, including engines, auto- 
buggies, separators and wagons. 

The German Kali Works start their 
fall advertising with this issue. 

James Leffel & Co. start the sea- 
son's advertising with an attractive 
announcement on another page. 

The Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co. is 
advertising its manure spreader this 
month. 

Note the change in the advertise- 
ment of the Planters National Bank. 



Free Trial To You 



/'A FARMER'S ACCOUNT BOOK. 

We can furnish a very simple and 
complete account book for farmers' 
use for fifty cents, postpaid; or we 
will give a copy to every subscriber 
who wih remit us $1,00 for a three 
year subscription and ten cents to 
cover mailing. 

This book contains records for 
labor, planting, buying, selling, breed- 
ing, and inventory and will last the 
average farmer for two or three years. 

In the back of the book are gesta- 
tion tables, rules for computing con- 
tents of corn cribs, hay stacks, etc. 



Fairfax Co., Va. April 1. '09. 
The Southern Planter is the best 
paper I ever read and well worth the 
money. If more farmers would take 
its advice they would be better off. 
FRANK T. NEVITTE. 



There is no doubt about 
what is in 

Genasco 

Ready Roofing 

It is Trinidad Lake Asphalt. 
We are not afraid to tell you. 

There's no doubt about whether 
this asphalt will last. It has al- 
ready lasted twenty-five years in 
streets and roofs. 

There's no doubt that Genasco 
will last. 

Smooth and mineral surface. Back- 
ed by a thirty-two-million-dollar guar- 
antee. Look for the trade-mark. 
Write for samples and the Good Roof 
Guide Book. 

THE BARBER ASPHALT 
PAVING COMPANY 

Largest producers of 
asphalt and largest man- 
ufacturers ofready'roof- 
ing in the world. 

PHILADELPHIA 

New York 
San Francisco Chicago 




Than Is delivered by any 
other style of pump am 
26 to Z3y s % more wate ' 
than is raised by any other pump of the 
same type is produced by the 

"American" Centrifugal Pump 

It's because the impeller is accur- 
ately machined to the casing, there 
is no sudden change of direction of 
the water in pass- 
ing thru the pump, 
and the entire me- 
chanical efficiency 
contributes direct- 
ly to the raising of 
water. "Ameri- 
can" Centrifugals 
are guaranteed 
rigidly. Ask for 
our new catalog. 
The American Well Works, omce & Works, Aurora, III. 
First Nat. Bank Bldg., Chicago. 
Sydnor Pump Company, Kirhmond, Virginia. 




*^- Let Us Send tm •***; 

Our Book. \ 

| aiMttst «»otf wtwein ao«l good wag-u na **.«•■'• WW* ( 
[ yo» » 5st o4 rcrk an* make yon * *ot at «BK»»«r» HM 

ELECTRIC STEEL WHEE * ) 

and the™-"— 

ELECTRIC HANDY WAGON, f 

I Sy erory test, they are tfce oeet. Mo"»mmiu«>o»s»* • 
■ * quarter luinioue boH Spo>ee cn*te« «j \fe« 
'•oh. Cant work Jooee. A sei ot ot»»M« WOI 
J uiajto your oW wagon naw Catalogo** trm 



] fcUECTRIC WHEE1 CO : 8os 146 Q^G* Hit 




IA/p Will ftil/P A RURAL MAIL BOX, 

"O will! WIVO The best and handsomest 
Galvanized Steel Rural Mail Box -nade, to the first 
person sending address of party - u ..vassing for peti- 
tions for new Rural Route. Write today. 
SEMTCKY ST.JIPIM) CO.. nSPT. 8S I.O'I* VI1.1.K, KT. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



783 



lage 



Unsat- 
isfactory si- 
often results 



from longr, unevenly cut corn. 
What's the use of expensive silos 
and equipment, corn just in riyht condi- 
tion, etc., if you spoil the silage in the 
tutting Fine «_\ cm;- cu! silage is 1.1,-hH 
Important. There's just one cutter can 
produce it. With the "Ohio" you don't 
risk inferior silage. Ask us to prove 
this. We can- 
Other strong "Ohio" points— capacity, 
durability and construction, light run- 
ning, price make the "Ohio" absolutely 
dependable under all conditions. 

"Ohio" Blower Cutters— 6 Sizes 
3 to 30 tons an hour— 5 to 1 6 H.-P. 

You're after absolute proof— we have 
it. Will you send for it today? 104-page 
"Ohio" Catalog, and "Ensilage Cutter 
Thought Starters" booklet free. 

The Silver Mfg. Co. 

Salem, Ohio 

"Modern Silage Meth- 
ods." 224 pases, 10c coin 
or stamps 




SILO FILLERS ST D rl d 

with wind elevators for anv power 
from 4 to 12 H. P. will Cut o"r Shred 
green or dry fodder and elevate to 
any height. Get Free catalogue 




Wilder- 
Strong 
Implement Co. 
Box 82 Monroe, Michigan. 




SILOS 

that make and keep real ensilage; 
that have the utmost strength, con- 
venience, and durability ; that are 
used by the United States Govern- 
ment. Send for free catalogue. 
HARDER MFG. COMPANY, 
Box « , Cobleski 1 1. N. Y. 




BRIEF CORRESPONDENCE. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Enclosed please find copy of my 
ad. for the August Planter, together 
with check in payment for July. 
Three orders for the young bull ad- 
vertised, and a large number of in- 
quiries was the result of the July ad. 
It is evident that Virginia does not 
intend to allow any of these "special 
bargains" to get away from her, but 
North Carolina is making a strong 
bid for them. I am sorry to disap- 
point those whose orders came too 
late, but it is "first come, first served'' 
and favors alike to all. You may tell 
your readers that they need not hesi- 
tate to order by wire, as I shall ship 
nothing into the South that is not 
straight and right, and will guaran- 
tee satisfaction or money and trans 
portation charges refunded. 

Thanking you for continued courte 
sies, I am, Yours very truly, 

July 20, 1909. J. B. LOOMIS. 



Editor Southern Planter: 

Mr. M. K. K-'llits, formerly General 
Manager of the Toledo Rex Spray Co.. 
of Toledo, Ohio, has been appointed 
Field Superintendent for the Insecti 
cide Sales Department of the Sherwin- 
Williams Company, and Mr. Addison 
Hyde, who was formerly Factory Su- 
perintendent of the Toledo Rex Spray 
Co., has been engaged as Special Rep- 
resentative. 

The creation of these positions is 
the result of the very rapid growth of 
the Insecticide business of the Sher- 
win-Williams Company. Mr. Killit's 
many years of experience in this line 
of business and his close associatior 
with the leading horticulturists' 
throughout the various parts of the 
country, make him eminently well fit 
ted to carry on and develop this De- 
partment. 

As a pioneer in the exploitation of 
Lime and Sulphur Solution in the fruit- 
growing sections east of the Missis 
sippi River, Mr. Killitts attained a 
fund of knowledge on insecticides and 
fungicides and in his new connection 
will be in a position to give better 
attention than ever before to the re 
quirements of the horticulturists and 
orchard ists throughout the country. 

The Sherwin-Williams Co. have add- 
ed a splend'd Lime and Sulphur So- 
lution to their list of insecticides and 
fungicides, thus making their line of 
spraying compounds one of the most 
complete on the market. 

Mr. Addison Hvde. who is to be the 
special insecticide representative, has 
had years of experience in the vari 
ous Agricultural and Horticultural Ex 
periment Stations in a number of 
States, and is an expert in the manu- 
facture of clear Lime and Sulphur So- 
lution, having had charge of the fac- 
tory end of the business for the To 
l.»do Rex Snrav Companv. In addi- 
tion to his field work, Mr. Hyde wil 1 
also give close attent'on to the manu- 
facture of Lime and Sulphur Solution 



WHAT DO YOU SAY? 

Several hundred thousand farmers say thai 

the best investment they ever made wof 

when they bought an 



Electric Ha S& 



Wagon 



£.owwheeIs,widetlr«s;easywork, light draft 
We'll sell you a set, of the best steel whee s 
made foryour old wagon. Spoke united it',' I 
tub, guaranteed not to break nor work loos', 
d for our catalogue and save money. 



Gem 

ELECTRIC WHEEL CO 



Box 146 .Qu'nti ; 



HiSs&ve You $50 

On a Manure Spreader 
n if Yaei'Sl Let Me -% 

This is just a little ad— but a postal will bnn^ my Big 
Book—and give you my $50.00 Saving Price and Special 
Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad- 
vertisement as if it coveied a page. 

My Spreader positively will do better work and last longer 



than any Spreader made — no mat' 
ter what the price— so why pay S50 
more? 20,000 fame s ha 
stamped their O. K. on\f 
my spreader and money, 
sivfng price. MySpecial 
Proposition wiil interest you. 
Just a postal addressed to Gal- 
loway of "Waterloo, Iowa, will 
bring you everything postpaid. 

Will You Pay a Penny For 

The Postal and Save 350.00? 

Address Wm. Galloway, Pros. 

WM. CALLOWAY CO. 

21 9 Calloway Sta. Waterloo 



Freight 




Aconstant supply for as many purposes 
on your place as you desire, No trouble, 
no expense when you have installed a 

RIFE HYDRAULIC RAM 

Pumps water from spring, stream or 

pond automatically. Inexpensive, 

simple, reliable. Satisfaction 

Guaranteed. Raises water 30 

feet for every foot of fall. 

7.000 in use. 

Write For Fre« Plans 
and book of valuable 
sestions. 

RIFE ENGINE CO. 

21I2TrlnltyBldg, 
New York 



© 



SAW MILLS! 

Whether you want a little mill for custom 
sawing or one that 'will cut 50,000 ft. of lumber 
a day, we have it for you in the Knight Mills 
of modern build and construction. We make 
eight sizes of mills {portable and stationary) 
and a line of saw-mill appliances and ma- 
chinery that is abreast of the times. It will 
pay you to know about Knight Head Bit cks, 
Set Works, Swing Saws, Single Saw and 
Gang Edgers, Self Feed Rip Saws, etc. Write 
for free Catalog to tell you of the up-to-date 
thinns in our line, 
Send for it today. 

KNIGHT MFC. CO. 




WHEELS, FREIGHT PAID $3.75 

for 4 Buggy Wheel*. Sleet Tires With Rubber Tires. IIS.M. I 
mfg. wheels X to 4 in. tread. Buggy Tops I5.&0, Shafts S2-0t). To* 
Barrlas Ui: ltaraas.15. Leara bow to bar dt/cct. CatalofM Free. Repair 
Wheels. 15.60. Wagoo Umbrella ran. vv V BOOB, CiadeaaU, 0. 






784: 



THE SOUTHERN" PLANTER. 



[August, 



See That Generator? 



Good 




Be able to tell your blue dress from 
black. See while you are trying, with- 
out straining the eyes. No smoke, n» 
glebes to break or lamps to clean, or 
fall or explode; no danger of killing 
you while you sleep. Less work per 
month than one lamp. Costs less than 
Kerosene, and always ready at all 
tims3. "We will send you one ready to 
put up. Write us to-day. 
IDEAL EPWORTH ACETYLENE CO., 
620 Elder St., JOHNSTOWN, PA. 

BARGAINS IN 

2nd Hand Machinery. 

For Sale by 

The Watt Plow Co., 

Richmond, Va. 

One 8 H. P. Peerless Gelser Engine 
nnd Boiler, on steel wheels, used two 
months, and as good as new. 

One 8 H. P. Friok Eclipse Boiler and 
Engine, on wheels, in first-class or- 
der; jnst overhauled. 

One 12 H. P. Ames Engine and Boil- 
er, on wheels, just overhauled In our 
shop, and in first-class shape. 

One 25 H. P. detached Erie Engine, 
without boiler. 

One 20 H. P. Peerless (Gelser) En- 
gine and Boiler, on steel wheels, used 
eighteen months, and tn first-class 
condition in every way. 

One American Combined Lath -Mill 
nnd Bolter, with two inserted Tooth- 
Lath Saws and one inserted Tooth 
Bolting Saw. 

One 20-inch Sweepstakes Planer, 
Matcher and Molder complete, with 
countershaft and pulleys. 
One 12 H. P. Second-hand Lightning 
Balance Gasoline Engines, mounted, 
manufactured by the Kansas City Hay 
Press Co. 

THE WATT PLOW CO., 

7426 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 



The * MONARCH" 

STEEL STUMP PULLER. 




The best and simplest on earth. No 
cost to you, except freight, until It la 
cet up and giving satisfaction. Nina 
years experience in this business. 
Write for catalogue and prices. 

JOS. W. RITCHIE, Agent, 
Rente 1, Grottoes, Va. 



at the various Sherwin-Williams fac- 
tories. Yours truly, 

THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO. 

July 21, 1S>09.- 

Henry L. Wardwell, owner of Pine- 
hurst Shropshires, writes us from 
Springfield Center, New York, as fol- 
lows: 

"I notice you are always hungry for 
Shropshire news, and therefore am 
writing you in regard to my English 
importations, and of the first prize 
ram at the Royal, which I bought. 
This ram won first in a pen of three 
at Shrewsbury, first for the Pettifers 
Cup in pen of three ,and was the A 
sheep in pen of five that won first 
at the Royal. He is a ram of rare 
quality, and I paid for him 175 
guineas, which is equal to nearly 
$900 of our money. We expect this 
ram to arrive at the farm about Aug. 
5th, and, nothing happening to pre- 
vent, wi show him first at the Col- 
umbus Fair, the Ohio State Fair, be- 
ginning the 30th of August. 

"I also have in quarantine twenty- 
nine yearling Minton ewes, the pick 
of fifty-seven that were imported to 
this country; these ewes cost me $63 
each. I also bought at $275 one Bib- 
by yearling ewe. She was the first 
of his pen of three that won second 
at Bath and West of England show; 
second at Shrewsbury and West Mid- 
land, and second at the Royal, and 
was said to be the best ewe shown in 
England this year. She has a won 
derful back and is very much like 
her sister that won first at five State 
Fairs last year. 

"I also bought a ram lamb of Tan- 
ner that was first in a pen of three 
at the Hereford and Worcester; first 
at Shrewsbury and West Midland, and 
third at the Royal, where he would 
undoubtedly have gone higher only 
that one of the pen was very plain in 
the head and dragged them to a lower 
position. This is probably the best 
ram lamb brought over from England 
this year. Also bought a ewe lamb 
from Mr. Nick that was first at Bath 
in West; second at Shrewsbury, and 
third at the Royal, and a beautiful 
Minton ewe lamb. 

We are having a very good demand 
for our sheep and are offering them 
at very reasonable prices, considering 
their breeding. 

"Your readers will see from the 
above purchases that when Pinehurst 
Farm imports it gets nothing but the 
best. The great care we are taking 
in breeding is showing results, and 
after comparing the lambs I saw in 
England with these we are fitting at 
home I think I can say that our ram 
lambs and ewe lambs this year are 
fully as good as anything I saw in 
England. 

"We have gotten out a very beau- 
tiful ram list this year, giving breed- 
ing, description and price on each ram 
listed, and as we have marked these 
rams down thirty per cent, from the 
prices of last year, believe this is an 
exceptional chance for any one who 



CHEAPER FARM 




For the price of a good horse you can bay an 
ideal farm engine that will operate Feed Grinder, 

Cutter, Saw, Pump, Churn, Separator, Wash- 

_ ing Machine and other machines to which belt 

can be attached. It eats no corn, does not get 

sick or die, can be moved whenever you wish, 

is always ready and eager to work. 

A Star Gasoline Engine will cut outdrudgery, 
save the tired back, and make life a pleasure. 
Made with standard tank, pump cooled, or 
hopper cooled. 
Send for prices and illustrations and learn 

why the vStar" is a money-maker and time 
saver. 

The Star Manufacturing Co., 
Box 516, New Lexington, Ohio 



The 
STAR 

A Heavy, 

Standard 

High- 

Orade 

Gasoline 

Engine 




^ 



HARNESS nPaV 

Tau can buy custom-made, oak-tan- 
ned harness direct from our factory, 
at wholesale prices. Save the dealers' 
profits. All our harness guaranteed. 
Money back if not satisfactory. Write 
for Illustrated Catalogue O. and price 
list. Every farmer should have this 
booklet. 

THE KING HARNESS COMPANY, 
16 Lake St. Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y. 



e 


Rockford Engine 'Works. *£5 
Dept. 86, Rackford, 111. Jgk 
The Engine that will please you wjH? 


V 
© 



b 


Before you fuJJS^|^ HM 


Q 


contract or ^Kp^HJslBf J®$% 


*3 


O 


tlon Nent-Ilobby-Handy 

All Styles 2 to 30 h. p. 



9 




BOILERS AND ENGINES. 

16-horse Traction, $300; 12-horse, 
$250; 10-herse, $200; boilers and en- 
gines from 2 to 100 horse, all styles 
and sizes, new and second hand; 4- 
horse gasoline engine, $75; 8-horse 
$150; 12-horse, $200: Saw-Mill, $135; 
boilers, tanks and smoke-stacks. 

CASEY BOILER WORKS, 

Springfield, Ohio. 



PILLING 



CATTLE INSTRUMENTS 

are "Easy to Use,' no veterinary 
experience necessary. A few dol- 
lars invested in our goods will save 
' hundreds of dollars. Pilling Milk Fever 
LtOutfit for Air treatment recommended by 
lu. S. Agricultural Dept.. price $3-00. Silver Milk 
i Tubes 500: Teat Slitter $1.50; Garget Outfit $4.00: 

! Capon Tools, Horse and Cattle Syringes, all sent pre- 
paid with full directions. Write for free Booklet. IK 
(>. P. P IM.Ixn A SON CO., Arch «t.. Pbilndelphla. f u. 

"Il l I II H I HH IIIIII HI II IWI I W W IIB1 IH I 




Monarch 




Hydraulic 

Cider Press 



Great strength and ca- 
pacity; all sizes; also 
gasoline engines, 
steam engines, 
sawmills, thresh- 
ers. Catalog free. 
Monarch Machinery Co., 510 Cortland! Bldg.. New York 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



785 



Simplest 
Cream Separator 

This picture shows the extreme simplicity, 
lightness and durability of the sanitary Shar- 
pies Dairy Tubular Cream Separator bowl. 
Easily washed thoroughly In three minutes. 
In the right hand is the bowl— as smooth inside 
as out. On the little linger is the dividing wall, 
the only piece used inside the Dairy Tubular 
bowl. The other piece Is the bowl bottom. 
Tubular Cream Separator sales exceed most, 
if not all, others combined. World's biggest 
separator factory. Branch factories in Can- 
ada and Germany. Write for Catalog No. 290. 




THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO. 

West Chester, Pa. Chicago, 111. 

Toronto, Can. San Francisco, Cal. 
Winnipeg, Can. Portland, Ore. 



A Modern Dumping Outfit 




Just the Thins (or Rood Building; 

Have your teamsters use this box, It 
will save time, no man needed to help 
unload, more trips per day, fits any 
gear, dumps load instantly, only costs 
one-third as much as dump wagons. 
In successful use throughout the 
United States. Investigate, by get- 
ting full information of 

EVERETT MANUFACTURING CO., 
32 Lake Street, Newark, New York. 

ALWAYS IN ORDER 

MANLOVE 

Automatic Gate 

Saves time, adds 
to value, safety, 
beauty and pleas- 
ure of home. 
MANLOVE GATE CO., 272 E. Huron St. 
CHICAGO, ILLS. 




rififAVAunr 

>»A»*»A»*»i»* 



nZNCEVM^ 

strong chick- 
en-tight Sold to the user at Wholesale 
Prices. We P»j Freight. Catalogue free. 

COILED SPRING FENCE CO., 
Box 63 Winchester, Indiana. 



wants a good ram to head their flock. 
"On account of adding these twenty- 
nine ewes to our flock this year we 
do not follow our usual custom of add- 
ing twenty-five of our own best ewes 
to the breeding flock, and are there- 
fore offering our entire lot of year- 
lings, about seventy, for sale. This 
is a good chance for some one to get 
the best of blood if they wish founda- 
tion stock." 



(Continued from page 773.) 
Property of the Ellerslie Stud. 

Chestnut colt by Fatherless — 
Network; J. P. Bartlett $ 525 

Bay colt by Fatherless — Sanci; 
William Garth 1,250 

Bay filly by Fatherless — Aurine; 
D. Dunlop 

Chestnut filly by Fatherless — 
Mermaid; G. McEnery 

Chestnut colt by Fatherless — 
Chiming Bells; Wm. Garth.. 

Chestnut Colt by Fatherless — 
Niola ; R. F. Carman 

Chestnut colt by Fatherless — 
Watita; W. F. Presgrave. . . . 

Chestnut colt by Fatherless — 
Belle Fleur; C. Wolfe 

Bay colt by Fatherless — Ellers- 
lie ; R. F. Carman 

Bay colt by Fatherless — Eolide; 
R. F. Carman 

Chestnut filly by Fatherless — 

Eocene; William Garth 

Property of Blue Ridge Stud. 

Black colt by Hawkswick — Lady 
Disdain; J. R. Keene $1,200 

Bay filly by Golden Maxim — 
Bellamia; K. Patterson 

Bay colt by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Lady Appleby ; J. 
Bauer 

Chestnut filly by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Marcianesi; I. J. 
Smith 100 

Bay colt by Hawswick — Komur- 
asaki; G. M. Odom 

Chestnut filly by Golden Maxim 
— Grey Agnes; K. Patterson.. 

Chestnut filly by Hawkswick — 
Daisy; W. C. Wolfe 

Chestnut colt by Hawkswick — 
Housewife; V. Barker 

Bay filly by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Lacona; Ivan Fox.. 

Bay colt by Hawkswick — Mica; 
'G. M. Odom 150 

Bay filly by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Ailsa; I. J. Smith... 

Brown colt by Hawkswick — 
Belle of Oakley; G. M. Odom 

Chestnut filly by' Golden Maxim 
— Eden; I. J. Smith 100 

Brown coU by Hawkswick — 
Ridicule; R. F. Carman 

Bay filly by Hawkswick — Maid 
of Promise; G. Kraus 

Brown filly by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Virgillis; Ivan Fox.. 

Chestnut colt by Prince of 
Melbourne — The Lady Rebec- 
ca ; W. Lakeland 

Chestnut filly by Prince of Mel- 
bourne — Lily Gray; R. F. Lit- 
tle 



500 



200 
525 



400 



650 



200 



300 



100 



100 



100 



150 



300 



400 



150 



750 



125 



100 



650 



200 



125 



125 



425 



125 



3MIP ne YOUR 

OLD METALS 

HIDE3 
RUBBER 

SCRAP IRON 

Car Lots a Specialty 

50,000 

Hides Wanted 



WriU for Prices. 

Satisfaction Guaranteed. 

No Commissions. 



Checks Sent Same 
Day Freight Bills 
Abb Masked Paid. 



Clarence Cosby, 

Established 1890. 

RICHHOND, VA. 



Largest Dbaleb in 

Scrap Iron, Metals, Hides 
Etc. , in the South. . 

REFERENCES: 

National Bank of Virgins 
Bank of Richmond, 

Bradstreeto and Dun 



786 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



DEDERIiK'SKI 



For hay and everything' that can be baled 
—strong, serviceable, durable Presses, made 
from the best of materials, by workmen 
who are experts at press building. 

Backed by more than fifty years of sys- 
tematic development and Improvement. The 
Dederick was the first practical Baling Tress 
-it is the best to-day 



P. K. Deoerick's Sons 

55 Tivoli St., 

Albany, 

N. T. 



5ood for a lifetime 
of hard work. Our 
Catalogue will in- 
terest 
you — 
it's free. 




"Cyclone" ~*9^Bf three stroke self 
feed hay press is latest, most powerful 
and most efficient. Each circle of team, 
presses three charges. Self feed auto- 
matically puts hay down. Wonderfully 
Increased capacity. Wri te now for "Baler 
Book" and special low prices. Best 
press, cost least. , Five days free trial. 
GEO. ERTEL CO., Quincy, III. Established 1867, 



The 



E°lg" King of 
til Balers 



Horse 
and 
Steam 
Power 




A train of followers, but no equals. 
Proves its superiority 
wherever it goes. Makes 
tight shapely bales, not 
loose bundles, works 
fast, avoids acci- 
dents and endures. 
Little draft, tre- 
mendous power. 
The machine that makes competi- 
tors tremble. EH catalogue free. 
Collins Plow Co., 1185 Hampshire St.; Quincy, III 




$100 that the 
20th CENTURY FARM GATE 

is the most 

I simple and 
pr&ctlca 
farm crate 
"V«r produc 
ad. Bo you 
want to 
make mon- 
ey? 
H. M. MYERS, IiOdl, Ohio. 

Sole owner Pats. D. S. and Canada. 

^eamAdhmtin£ 

Ad-writers earn $25.00 to $100.00 per week / 

1 Send $2.00 (or 12 inonuV subscription to Southern A. ... 
IRjXVtt AdveriuMuj Journal which teaches complete course /i'v'J 
^SV&\'°«<l.writina. Prepares you lor highest salaried hi, % 

BB-' : vi ; \ P ° i!li< " U °"' r " V, °" k l " Vy S 40 -"". Stamps/^y|| 
Kk^V'JA «ccepled. This oiler good for short tine only, //r^.** 
V^> A Send to-day, iiV-'—v-A 

v M SOUTHERN ADVERTIRING 

JOURNAL, 
FVpt. Richmond, Virginia. Jfe^ 



PLANET JR. GARDEN IMPLEMENTS. 

saves half the work of gardening. 56- 
page catalogue free. 

S. L. ALLEN & CO., 
Box 1107x, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 



HELPS TO HOME COMPORT. 

There are many houses whose 
weatherside rooms are cold in winter 
regardless of how hard the furnace is 
driven. There may be sudden chang- 
es in the weather, or cold halls that 
cannot be heated effectively with the 
regular heating apparatus. A port- 
able heater such as the Perfection Oil 
Heater will overcome these condi- 
tions perfectly. 

The 'Perfection" is an oil heater, 
handsomely finished in japan and 
nickel, and is equipped with a patent 
burner and smokeless device which 
prevents the flame being turned too 
high or low, and the heater from 
smoking. 

With the "Perfection" at hand you 
can in a few minutes warm any room 
or hall in the house that happens to 
be cold. It will supply sufficient heat 
when it is too warm to run the regu- 
lar furnace and too cold to do with- 
out heat entirely, and will prove a 
great factor in improving the comfort 
and, furthermore, saving trouble and 
expense in any household. 

At night there is nothing that will 
add more to the real comfort and coz 
iness of a home than the Rayo Lamp. 
It gives a clear, steady light, perfect 
for reading or sewing, or any purpose 
and suitable for any room. It has 
latest improved burners and is an un- 
usually safe, clean lamp for house 
hold use. Being made entirely of 
metal except the shade, the danger 
of carrying a glass lamp about is 
eliminated by its use. 

Perfection Heaters and Rayo Lamps 
are sold by all dealers. 



BERKSHIRE SALE AT OVERTON 
HALL FARM. 

Overton Hall Farm, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, announces a public sale of 
high-class Berkshires on September 
2d, at the farm. The sale will include 
forty selected brood sows and bred 
gilts and ten open gilts and young 
boars. The sows include daughters 
of the famous boars Premier Longfel- 
low, grand champion of the World's 
Fair; Baron Duke, 50th, the greatest 
son of Lord Premier; O. H. F. Sensa- 
tion, the unbeaten champion boar of 
1906; Oak Lawn Francis, the one- 
thousand-dollar boar sold to Kimball- 
ville Farm, Atlanta, Georgia, and 
other famous sires. They are bred 
to champion O. H. F. Sensation and 
his worthy colleagues. Each sow 
that is sold is ' guaranteed to be safe 
in pig to the service boar mentioned 
in each instance and they will be kept 
at the risk and expense of the Farm 
until they are showing safe. The 
health of the herd is perfect and there 
is no risk for the breeders to run who 
purchase at this sale. All lovers of 
Berkshires and fanciers of fine stock 
are cordially invited to visit the Farm 
on the day previous or the day of the 
sale to inspect the Berkshires and 
Jerseys. 



AGRICULTURAL 



LIME. 

PLAIN ROCK 

OR 

SHELL LIME 

BAGS OB BULK 

SPECIAL FINE HYDRATED LIME 

FOB DRILLING. 

If in the market for any grade and 
any quantity of 

LAID LIME 

Write for our price list and particular e. 

T. C. ANDREWS & CO., Inc. 

NORFOLK, .... VA. 



NA TURAL Fine-Ground 
===== Phosphate 

The Reliable Land Builder 

Do you not wish, at only a cost of 
$1.25 per acre, to increase the yields 
of your next year's crops 25 to 75 per 
cent? If so, apply Natural Fine Ground 
Phosphate when breaking your stub- 
ble, clover or grass sods. Our book- 
let, sent free, tells how much to ap- 
ply, and gives compendium of results 
obtained from it by leading Agricul- 
tural Experiment Stations. Agents 
wanted. Address, 

Farmers' Ground Rock Phosphate Co.. 
Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. 

BULLETIN 26. 

Sent Free, "How to Keep Away 

Chicken Lice and Mites," 

BY ONLY ONE APPLICATION A YEAR 

Successfully Used Upward of 30 Tears 

Carbolineum Wood-Preserving Co., 
846 West Broadway, New York, N. Y. 



f||| A ■ kills Prairie Dogs, Wood- 
b 1 1 nil If chucks, Gophers and 
a I I IVI H Grain Insects. "The wheels 
I Will n of the Gods grind ilow, 
but exceedingly small." So the weevil, 
but you can atop their grind with 

FU31A CARBON BI-SULPHIDE 

as others are doing. It fumigates 
poultry houses and kills hen lice. 
Edward R Taylor, Penn Yan, N. Y. 



KILL, SAN JOSE SCALE! WITH 

GOOD'S Sshw^l°J,l SOHPNO.3 

James Good, 959 N. Front Street, 
Philadelphia. 

A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



787 



EUREKA 
Ha rness Oil 

Ever compare 
the pulling power 
of a trace, dry, checked, 
brittle, with that of a 
trace, soft, pliable and 
full of "snap" ? 
EUREKA HARNESS OIL 
will keep a whole harness 
soft, black, and in best 
possible condition for 
years. All that's neces- 
sary is an occasional 
application of the oil. 

Ask your dealer for "Eureka" Oil. 

STANDARD OIL COMPANY 

(incorporated) 



Care of the Skin 

A clear healthy skin is a possession highly 
valued, and easily acquired. The one import- 
ant thin;; is to keep the pores of the skin 
In a healthy condition. This can be done by 
the free use of Heiskkll's Medicinal 
Toilet >SOAi',a combination containing gums 
and herbs of well known medicinal value. It 
is absolutely pure, soothing, healing and 
cleansing in effect, does not over-stimulate 
the skin, but keeps its normal excretory 
powers in healthy condition, thus preventing 
or removing nil blemishes such as pimples, 
blackheads, etc ,and in their stead impai ting 
a delicate, velvety texture to the skin. This 
soap in connection with Heiskell's Oint- 
ment has remedied some of the worst cases 
of skin disease. At druggists. Soap, 25 
Cents. Ointment, 60 Cents. 

Send postal for copy of a unique booklet of 
general interest. Johnston, Holloway & 
Co., 405 Commence Street, Philadelphia. 



A Great Discovery. 
DROPSY 

CURED with vege- 
table remedies; re- 
moves all symptom 
of dropsy in 8 to 20 
days; 30 to 60 days 
effects permanent 
cure. Trial treat- 
'ment furnished free 
to every sufferer; 
nothing fairer. For 
circulars, testi- 
monials and 
free trial treat- 
ment write DR. H. H. GREEN'S SONS, 
Atlanta, Ga. 



ANNOUNCEMENT 



Having completed the greater por- 
tion of the work on hand at the time 
of the withdrawal of my last notice, 
I wish to announce that I am again 
ready to take up my advisory work 
along agricultural lines, either by cor- 
respondence or personal visits, and I 
invite all those experienced farmers 
who are unprofitably employed, and 
the inexperienced, who are in doubt 
as to the best mode of procedure, to 
write for terms. My charg-es, even 
including traveling expenses, are in 
the reach of every man who desires to 
profitably cultivate 100 acres of land. 
Crop rotation, balanced rations and 
fertilizer formulae are my specialties. 

PERCIVAL HICKS, 
North, MniheivM County, Va. 




DON'T KILL YOUR LUMPY JAW 
COWS— CURE THEM. 

Farmers should not get so busy- 
in the hay or corn field that they neg- 
lect their live stock. Lump jaw is 
one of the things to look out for. A 
little well-directed attention in time 
will avoid all loss. 

Lump jaw can positively be cured 
if you go at it before the bone be- 
comes too seriously affected, and the 
treatment is very simple. 

The Rapid Lump Jaw Cure, a reme- 
dy gotten up by an Iowa druggist, 
will dispose of it effectively inside of 
hree weeks. The remedy is sold un- 
3r a strict guarantee to do this. You 
:an have your money back if it fails. 

The caution to be observed here 
is in treating all other animal ail- 
ments is, don't wait too long. The 
chances of recovery of chronic, long- 
standing cases are always more 
doubtful than if you treat promptly. 

If you have a lumpy jaw animal, 
write at once to the H. C. Adams Mfg. 
Co., compounder of the Rapid Lump 
Jaw Cure, Algona, Iowa, and follow 
directions. 



THE HORSE'S COUGH. 

The cold evenings in early summer 
are often the occasion of starting 
horses of all ages to coughing. Pre- 
vention of a cold by the use of a 
tonic regularly of Craft's Distemper 
and Cough Cure is found to be the 
safer policy. Where prevention is 
neglected this is a guaranteed safe 
cure, which is easily given in the 
food or by pouring on the tongue. It 
may be obtained at druggists or, if 
need be, one may order it direct from 
the makers, Wells Medicine Co., Third 
St., Lafayette, Indiana. 



A GREAT POWER HAY PRESS. 

One of the fastest and best of all 
hay presses is the "Eli" Belt Power 
Press advertised in this paper by the 
Collins Plow Company, of Quincy, 111. 
To be one of the "Eli" family is alone 
a guarantee of superiority. Eli press- 
es are famed far and wide. There 
are nearly forty different styles and 
sizes and all of them good. Contract 
balers and those who nave large 
amounts of their own hay to bale 
every year will be spec : ally interested 
in the power press. 

The whole line of "Eli" presses 
are well illustrated and described in 
the new catalogue the Collins Plow 
Company has just gotten out. If you 
are interested in hay presses you 
ought to send for a copy. You are 
safe when you buy an Eli. The cata- 
logue is free, but kindly mention this 
paper when you write for it. 



Prince Edward Co., Va., May 4, '09. 
I would not be without the South- 
ern Planter if it cost $5.00 per year. 
Every farmer in Virginia should take 
it. W. E. MOORE. 



FARMERS 

insure Your Buildings, Live Stock, 

Produce, Etc., In Virginia Division, 

FARMERS' MUTUAL BENEFIT 

ASSOCIATION. 

Best security. Property Insured 
1599,000. Average cost per $1,000 per 
year, $5.00. Territory limited to coun- 
ties of Che-aterfleld, Amelia, Powhatan, 
Nottoway, Dinwiddle, Prince George, 
Surry, Charles City, New Kent and 
James City. For plan and membership 
write to 

CHARLES N. FRIEND, General Ageat, 
CHESTER, VA. 

Organized January 9, 1899. 



FIRST NATIONAL BANK 

Richmond, Va. 

A Strang, conservative, well-man- 
aged institution. A safe depository 
for all classes of customers. 



Capital 

Surplus. 
Deposits, 



$1,000,000.00 

8oo.oeo.oo 

0,000,000.00 



JOHN B. PURCELL, President. 

JNO. 31. MILLER, Jr., Vlce-Pres. 

and Cashier. 

A Savings Department for the 
Thrifty. 



"PRACTICAL FARMING" 

Prof. W. F. Massey's latest and best 
book is now on sale. It retails for 
$1.50, and is worth it. We shall be 
very pleased to send you a copy at 
above price and will include a year's 
subscription to The Southern Planter. 
Remember, we deliver the book and 
give you a whole year's subgscription 
for the price of the boek, $1.50. 
SOUTHERN PLANTER, Richmond. Va. 



PATENTS s oS u f r ! j 

Send sketch for free report as to 
patentability. Guide Book and What 
to Invent, with valuable list of inven- 
tions wanted sent free. One million 
dollars offered for one invention; 
$16,909 for others. Patents secured by 
as advertised free in World's Progress. 
Sample' free. 

EVANS * WILKINS, 
H48 F Street, Wasbiaartoa. D. O. 



= Bills to Collect - 

In all portions of the United States. 
No collection, no charge. Agencies 
wanted everywhere; 25 years' expe- 
rience. PALMORE'3 COLLECTION 
AGENCY, 911 Main St., Richmond, Va. 



Cow Pea Thresher 

Not a "pea huller," but threshes peas 
and Soja Beans from the vines. 
KOGER PEA & BEAN THRESHER CO. 
3Iorrlstown, Tenn. 



Please mention tne o^.. 



'er. 



rss 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August, 



1854 



1909 



WOMAN'S COLLEGE 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Located in the beautiful, historic and 
cultured city of the South. Large and 
able Faculties, trained in the best 
Universities and 
Conservatories of 
this country and 
Europe. Special- 
ists in their de- 
partments. Eight 
men and eighteen 
women. Carefully 
arranged courses 
of study lead to 
the degrees B. 
Litt, B. S., B. A., 
M. A. and B. Mus. 
Half million dol- 
lars just secured 
for enlargement 
and endowment. 
Health record re- 
markable. Ac- 
commodations first-class. Early appli- 
cations important. Terms moderate. 
For catalogue and other information 
write to 

JAMES NELSON, M. A., LL. D., 

President. 




LAW SCHOOL 



OF^ 



Richmond College 

Offers two-year course in the 
practical branches of the law lead- 
ing to degree of LL. B. Location un- 
surpassed. Terms moderate. Next 
session begins September 23, 1909. 

For catalogue and information 
address, 

W. S. Mc NEIL.L, 

Professor of Law, Richmond, Va. 



STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 

HARRISONBURG, VA. 

For the higher education of young 
ladies and the professional training 
of teachers. Location unsurpassed. 
Modern dormitory. Tuition free. Liv- 
ing expenses low. First year begins 
Sept. 28, 1909. Send for illustrated an- 
nouncement to 

Julian A. Burruss, President. 



EDICAL COLLEGE 
of V irginia 



Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy 

Seventy-second Session begins Sept. 14, 1909 
Excellent laboratory and clinical facilities. 
I Climate salubrious. Living expenses moderate. 
Write for terma and catalogue I 

Christopher Tompkins, M.D., Dean, Richmonl.ife 



VIRGINIA FARMS 

Near Washington City, convenient to 
t'.ie great Northern markets, suited for 
stock, dairy, poultry, fruit, trucking 
ami general farming purposes; Wash- 
ington City improved, unimproved and 
suburban properties; timber lands. 
Write for catalogue. 

NICOL & RANSDELL, 
Box S. P., Maiiiissns, Va. 

A Neat Binder for your back num. 
bers can be bad for 30 cents. Addresi 
ou;- Business Department. 



A NOTE FROM MR. ARBTJCKLE. 
Maxwelton, West Va. 
Editor Southern^ Planter: 

For some years an advertisement 
of Red Poll cattle has run in the 
Southern Planter over the name of H. 
B. Arbuckle and the cattle were ad- 
vertised as belonging to the Edge- 
wood Farm. We( J. D. Arbuckle, M 
D., and H. B. Arbuckle), founded this 
herd some years ago, and H. B. Ar- 
buckle personally selected the cattle 
and has since kept them bred up to 
the highest dual standard. 

On the removal of our interests 
from the Edgewood Farm, J. D. Ar- 
buckle, M. D., has removed the bulk 
of the herd to Brookdale Farm, in 
Pocahontas county, West Virginit (see 
advertisement in this issue), leaving 
only one cow and the herd bull ad- 
vertised at Edgewood Farm and one 
cow at the farm of H. B. Arbuckle, 
at Maxwelton. The herd bull, Krag, 
for sale, is without a superior in the 
East. H. B. Arbuckle's cow, Flora 
MacoDnald, is not for sale. This cow 
tested 4.4 per cent, this summer and 
at thirty days was giving forty pounds 
per day — a sample of our dual-purpose 
type 

The herd at Brookdale Farm is now 
headed by the second prize bull of the 
International and the herd will be kept 
up to a high standard. jwery cow 
must test 4 per cent, and give 4,000 
pounds. We solicit the continuance 
of your favor, good will, and patron- 
age. Respectfully, 

J. D. ARBUCKLE, M. D. 
H. B. ARBUCKLE. 

July 17, 1909. 



ABSORBINE. 

In another section of this issue you 
will find the advertisement of Absorb- 
ine. Have you ever tried this reme- 
dy? As this is just the time of the 
year wnen you should pay particular 
attention to the condition of your 
horses, you will doubtless be glad to 
purchase a bottle of Absorbine, if you 
do not have some of it on hand. It 
is a pleasant remedy to use, does not 
blister or remove the hair, and horse 
can be used during treatment. An ex- 
cellent preparation for use on swol- 
len glands, thoroughpin, bog spavin^ 
wind puffs, strained joints, capped 
hock, shoe boils, and many other pain- 
ful enlargements. 

Send for free booklet and informa- 
tion concerning your particular case. 

W. F. Young, P. D. F., 109 Temple 
St., Springfield, Mass. 



POLAND-CHINAS. 
H. L. Hayes, Bealeton, Virginia, 
writes us that his Poland-Chinas are 
in fine shape and show their breeding. 
The Perfection strain predominates in 
his herd. Parties who want good, 
breeding hogs of this breed are re- 
quested t write Mr. Hayes for prices. 



Louisa Co., Va., May 4, '09. 
I do not want to miss a single copy 
of the Southern Planter. 

D. S. HANKLA. 



RARE BARGAINS 

IN 

Northern Virginia Farms 

A Few Specimens: 

No. 172. Contains 316 acres — 40 acre* 
In oak and hickory timber; 5 milai 
from station, -situated near the village; 
considered one of the best wheat and 
grain farms in Fairfax county. The 
land is a little rolling; machinery can 
be run all over It. The land is all in 
good state of cultivation; well fenced' 
and watered by springs and running 
streams. Improvements are a good 7- 
room house with elegant shade, good 
stable and all out-houses in . good re- 
pair. Price $20 per acre. 

No. 194. Contains 175 acres, 26 acrea 
In good timber, balance is cleared, 9 
acres in orchard in full bearing, go*d 
six-room house, old barn, good gran- 
ary, hen houses, dwelling In a grand 
oak 'shaded lawn, spring at bouse, 
farm watered by streams and springs, 
situated on good pike. One hour'i 
drive from Leesburg, Va. Owner i» 
anxious to sell. Price $3,500. 

No. 20S — 600 acres Loudoun Blue 
Grass land, 8-room brick house, in good 
repair, farm well fenced, elegantly 
watered, excellent bank barn, good or- 
chard, fine timber. Price $26.00 per 
acre. 

No. 201 — 406 acres, Loudoun Blue 
Grass farm 8-room brick and frame 
dwelling, elegant repairs, excellent 
barn 40x100, water in every field, well 
fenced, good orchard. Price $10,500. 

No. 202 — 475 acres, Blue Grass land, 
small 5-room house, land is good, well 
fenced, excellent water, good small or- 
chard, excellent situation, but build- 
ings are only fair condition. Price, 
$9,000. 

No. 209. — 206 acres, beautiful little 
Loudoun "County farm, 6 -room dwell- 
ing, beautiful shaded lawn, water In 
all fields, . good fences, land is smooth 
and level, good barn and outbuildings. 
Price $6,500. 

No. 210. — 273 acres, Loudoun blue 
grass land, well located in grazing 
section, excellent orchard, well wat- 
ered, 6-room house and outbuildings 
in fair condition. Price $13.50 per acre. 



Write for complete description of 
these properties and Catalogue of 
other places. 

Wm, Eads Miller, 

HERND0N, VA. 



[909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



789 



A CORD OF WOOD IS A VARIABLE 

QUANTITY. 

When is a Cord Not a Cord? 

To the farmer harvesting his small 
woodlot, and to the man laying in 
logs for the large fireplace of his 
country or seaside home; to the pa- 
per manufacturer buying pulpwood, 
and to the proprietor of the ordinary 
city wood yard, to all of these men 
this question has an important dol- 
lar and cents meaning. 

Queer to say, and contrary to the 
belief of most people, there are many 
times when a cord is less than a 
cord, and many conditions when it 
is more. School arithmetics say that 
a cord of wood is 128 cubic feet, or 
the contents of a pile eight feet long, 
four feet high, and four feet wide. 
Wood is marketed on this basis. A 
pile whose length, breadth and 
height multiplied together gives this 
number of cubic feet fills this require- 
ment, no matter whether the sticks 
are long or short, straight or crooked, 
round or split, unless there is an un- 
derstanding to the contrary. Never- 
theless, a cord, though it comes up 
to legal measurements, is an uncer- 
tain quantity, even when the seller is 
honest and the buyer satisfied. 

A lumberman may have a tract of 
pulpwood which he sells to a paper 
mill at $5 a cord, for as many cords 
as it will make. It is m the contract 
that he shall cut and stack it. He 
cuts it in twelve-foot lengths, and 
when the job is complete, it measures 
two hundred cords, and he receives 
$1,000 for it. Would he have made or 
lost by cutting four-foot lengths in- 
stead of twelve? 

He would have lost in the first 
place from the additional labor re- 
quired to cut four-foot wood, but his 
principal loss would have resulted 
from a greatly diminished number of 
cubic feet, due to the fact that short 
sticks lie closer together than large. 

Measurements and experimental 
tests have been made to ascertain ex- 
actly how much actual wood is in 
cords of different lengths, sizes, 
shapes, and species. 

Had the two hundred cords of 
twelve-foot wood been cut in four- 
foot lengths, there would have been 
only 176 cords, and the owner would 
have received for it $880 instead of 
$1,000. It was, therefore, clearly to 
his advantage to cut twelve-foot 
lengths, but it would have been to 
the buyer's advantage to have it cut 
in four-foot lengths. He would have 
received the same actual quantity of 
wood for $120 less. 

It also makes considerable differ- 
ence to the seller whether wood is 
chopped or sawed. If chopped, the 
chips are lost. Where the logs are 
large this loss amounts to no small 
total. In a cord of four-foot wood, 
with sticks six inches in diameter, 
the chip loss is from six to eight per 
cent.; and, of course, the shorter the 
sticks are cut the greater the loss 



The Oldest Established Agency 
In Northern Virginia 

Farms-Near-Washington 



30. 135-acre dairy farm on railroad, close to station, In Loudoun county; 
has been a dairy farm for twenty years. The owner, on account of old 
age, offers to sell everything, including ten good cows, five horses, all farm 
implements and crops for about $8,50 0. There are stanchions for twenty 
cows in new barn, recently built, according to health regulations. The land 
is under a high state of cultivation, fine fruit, lasting stream running through 
place, 7-room house and all necessary outbuildings. The farm and crops, if 
sold at once, $7,000. Bargain. 

3b. 82 acres 1% miles from Southern Railway, in Loudoun county. Eight 
acres In timber, good clay soil, springs and streams, good house of 8 rooms, 
with fruit and shade trees, good barn and necessary outbuildings. A good 
farm and a bargain. We think $6,000 will buy it. On easy terms. 

41. 264 acres, four miles from station, in Loudoun county. Thirty acres 
in timber, artesian well, three never-failing springs; 7-room house, barn and 
outbuildings fair. A fine stock farm, paying 12 per cent, on investment, in 
high state of cultivation. Price, $6,500; $2,500 down, balance to suit. 

42. 323 acres, in the best section of Loudoun county, surrounded by 
high priced and beautiful farms, 7 miles from railroad, one mile from fine pike, 
one mile from post-office and 2 miles from school; 60 acres in timber, well 
fenced, and divided into nine fields, with water in every field — large stream 
through place. Two good houses, one of 7 rooms and the other of 5 rooms; 
fine tenant house of 4 rooms, 2 new barns, one 35x45, the other 30x40; all 
necessary outbuildings in good condition. This is a fine blue grass stock 
farm, and the biggest bargain we have. Price, $6,500; $2,000 down, balance to 
suit. 

• ft' 277 acres in good state of cultivation, just rolling enough; in a good 
neighborhood, 5 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county. 70 acres in timber, 
mostly oak; part of It first class; faces on two roads; has been operated as 
a cattle, sheep and hog farm for 25 years. On account of old age the owner 
is offering his farm for much less than its true value; is well fenced, two 
houses in first-class condition, one 10 -room house, the other six rooms 
Large barn and all necessary outbuildings. Price, $8,000. One-third down, 
balance to suit. This is one of the biggest bargains i have ' 

, . 50, , 171 % acres, 3% miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, in high 
state of cultivation. Good house, large new barn; half mile from village. 
This rarm Is being operated as a stock farm. The owner wishes to sell and 
buy a smaller place It Is well located and surrounded Thy highly improved 
farms and the best of neighbors. Price $53 per acre, on easy te?ms Bargain 

47. 335 acres, a very desirable farm, in good section of upper Loudoun, 
7 miles from station; 200 acres in grass, 35 acres timber, soil clay loam 
especially adapted to grass; finely watered by springs and running streams- 
well fenced by wire and rail into convenient fields; choice fruit of all kinds' 
14-room dwelling of brick and frame, front of well-shaded lawn- large base- 
ment barn and all necessary farm buildings. This will make a first-class 
grazing farm. Price $25 per acre. On easy terms. 

77. 300 acres, 3 miles from railroad, in Loudoun county, In a high state 
of cultivation, well fenced, plenty of fruit, running streams and springs- on 
pike, fine, large Colonial house, lawn and shade, large new barn with base- 
ment, necessary outbuildings. This is considered one of the best stock farms 
in the county, and a bargain. Price, $63 per acre; $61 has been offered for 
this place worth $100, on easy terms. The biggest bargain In Loudoun county. 

61. 212% acres in Fairfax county, 1% miles from rail, 7 miles from elec- 
tric line; 2 miles from thriving town on two public roads, 30 acres in timber, 2 
miles of woven wire fencing, rest stone and rail; 7 fields with spring in each, 10 
acres In fine orchard. Good stone and brick house of 10 rooms with bath; hot and 
cold water in kitchen, two porches, well located In grove of trees; good barn 
with basement for forty cows and seven horses, all necessary outbuildings. 
This farm is surrounded by good neighbors in a nice section. Price $11,000. 
Make us an offer. 

88. 841 acres 5 miles from Herndon, over good roads; one mile from 
pike; 200 acres in timber, part of It extra good; land rolling and well drained; 
convenient to schools, churches, stores, etc. Three sets of buildings, two 
houses, barn, etc. In good condition. This place is especially adapted to 
stock raising, and Is cheap at $23 per acre. $6,500 down, balance to suit. 

The biggest bargain in Fairfax County. 

SEND FOR NEW SPRING LIST. 

A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, 
HERNDON, VIRGINIA. 



790 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



I CRITTENDEN'S 

VIRGINIA 

Real Estate 

and 
Loans Office a 

Unimproved land at $10. Im- 
proved lands at $25 per acre and 
upwards. Loudoun Is not the 
Best County In the State; but it 
is better than the REST in many 
respects. 

If you wish to locate a home, 
or buy any other property, ad- 
vise me as to your wants and I 
will send you SPECIAL DE- 
SCRIPTIONS that will please 
you. All Propositions Guaran- 
teed as Represented. 

DeL S.CRITTENDEN, 

Ashburn, Loudoun County, Ya. 



MARYLAND 

AND 

VIRGINIA 

FARMS NEAR WASHINGTON. 

Unsurpassed as money-makers; beat 
place on earth for farmers, dairymen, 
stockmen or poultry men; mild climate, 
best markets in country; highest 
prices; no such word as "Pail" fer in- 
dustrious man. Big bargains here now. 
S.600 places to select from. Catalogue 
free. 
I'HB SOtTLE CO., Washington, D. C. 

Largest Farm Dealers In the South. 



Old Virginia Farms. 

Climate and Productiveness unex- 
celled. Largest sale list In the State. 
Fer full particulars and Free Cata- 
logue address 

CASSELMAN A COMPANY, 
RICHMOND, VA. 



REAL ESTATE FOR SALE. 
From the Mountains to the Ocean. 
Catalogue free. Loans made on farms- 
Established 1875. 

GEO. E. CRAWFORD & CO., 
lOtin E. Main Street, 

RICHMOND, VA. 
Branch, Norfolk, Va. 

FARMS. 
Mineral and Timber Lands. 

Free list on application. 

W. A. PARSONS & CO., 

1B27 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 

Davis Hotel Bldg. 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



If the wood is sawed, the sawdust 
loss is scarcely the half of one per 
cent. 

The difference due to spaces be- 
tween the sticks, of course, depends 
very much on the shape and size of 
the sticks. Straight, smooth sticks 
lie close together, and a cord contains 
more wood and less air. For given 
lengths, sticks of soft wood are usu- 
ally straighter and smoother, and, 
when stacked, lie closer together. 
But whatever the kind, cords ot long 
sticks are pretty sure to contain more 
empty space than cords made of 
short pieces. Likewise, cords of split 
wood contain less than cords of 
round sticks. The finer the wood is 
split, the more it makes. Hence 
wood dealers are often willing to sell 
kindlings, all sawed and split, for the 
same price per cord as unsplit wood. 
They get back the cost of labor in 
the increased bulk. 

A cord (128 cubic feet) of four- 
foot hard wood usually contains about 
eighty-three cubic feet of solid 
wood; a cord of three-foot wood 
averages eighty-three and one-halt 
cubic feet; of two-foot wood, eighty- 
four feet, and of one-foot wood, 
eighty-five feet. The conifers, soft- 
woods, contain ninety to ninety-six 
cubic feet. Thus the purchaser re- 
ceives on the average about two- 
thirds of a cord of real wood and 
one-third of a cord of spaces. 

In some countries wood is bought 
by weight, and the buyer comes more 
nearly getting what he bargains for; 
but even then he may miss it if he 
receives green wood when he wants 
dry. According to timber testing en- 
gineers of the United States Forest 
Service, wood may lose half or more 
its green weight in seasoning. Cedar 
for lead pencils is bought by weight 
in this country. The pieces are so 
small and of such irregular size that 
they cannot conveniently be stacked 
and measured as cord wood. 

The bulk of nearly all woods de- 
creases as seasoning goes on. A hun- 
dred cords green will make from 
eighty-nine to ninety-three cords 
when dry. This is a factor of no 
small importance to dealers who 
handle large quantities. 

Woodlot owners and farmers who 
have small forest tracts from which 
they expect to sell cord wood are no 
less interested than contractors who 
buy and sell large quantities. It 
will stand them in hand to know how 
much difference it makes whether 
wood is cut long or short, chopped or 
sawed, whether the sticks are round 
or split, whether large or small, and 
whether the measurements are to be 
made while the wood is green or af- 
ter it is seasoned. 



Surry Co., Va., April 28, '09. 
I do not like to miss a number of 
the Southern Planter. 

R. Y. BAKER. 



Farms for Sale. 



916,000. — Contains 346 acres, 50 acres 
timber, balance In blue grass sod, ex- 
cepting some small crops. Good or- 
chard consisting of standard varieties 
ef apple and pear trees. Soil is cecil 
or chocolate clay. Watered with 
mountain springs and streams. Is 
conveniently divided into fields, and 
Is substantially fenced with woven 
wire and locust post. Situated right 
at railway station. Incorporated town 
at foot of mountains. Macadamized 
road divides the farm and passes dir- 
ectly in front of lawn and dwelling. 
Improvements: 9-room Colonial dwell- 
ing, one bath-room — hot and cold wa- 
ter in bath and pantry; front and 
back stairway, two halls and recep- 
tion hall; cellar under entire dwell- 
ing, out-kitchen, servants' room, ice- 
house. Dwelling is surrounded with 
large and sloping lawn; delightful 
shade, consisting of numerous varie- 
ties of choice trees. Stone entrance. 
Two large barns, about 40x60 feet, in 
perfect condition; two tenant houses, 
hog house, corn house, chicken house, 
implement house and wood house are 
among the outbuildings. 

MUST BE SOLD TO 
SETTLE AN ESTATE 

$3,500. — Contains 120 acres, 25 acres 
in timber, balance in grass and under 
cultivation. Situated on Potomac Riv- 
er, 3% miles of railway station, in 
Loudoun county, Va. Is well fenced 
and conveniently divided into fields. 
Improvements: Eight-room dwelling, 
porches, shade, large lawn; new barn 
20x26 feet; spring house, garden, 
small fruits. 

$3,200. — Contains 90 acres, all clear- 
ed, and directly adjoins 120-acre farm 
above described; is without improve- 
ments; situated right on Potomac Riv- 
er. 



Send for my Catalogue of Northern 
Virginia farms. I would be glad to 
see yon at my place by appointment.. 



GEORGE W. SUMMERS, 

Real Estate and Loan Broker, 

Sterling, Va. 



FOR SALE FINE FARM 
94 ACRES 



Fifty acres cleared; balance in gooff- 
cord wood; two sets of buildings, 5- 
room house, stable, outhouse and 
chicken house, 12x60; log- house of 3 
rooms and outbuildings: running 
streams; land in high state of cultiva- 
tion; only seven miles from Richmond 
and one and a half miles from rail- 
road and electric car line station, fine 
neighborhood: school and church in 
sight. Price $4,000. Address, OWNER,. 

DREWRYS BLUFF, VA. 

Timber For Sale 

A splendid piece of standing Oak 
and Pine Timber for sale, half mile- 
from loading point on railroad, stand- 
ing on about 100 acres of land; esti- 
mated about 500,000 feet of good lum- 
ber. Will be sold cheap for cash or- 
will have it cut on shares, taking one- 
third of net price for my part. Well 
located and easy to handle. 

W. M. W ATKINS, SAXE. VA. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



791 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ETC. 

"Living Along the N. & W." is the 
title of a very attractive quarterly 
magazine issued by the Industrial De- 
partment of the Norfol & Western 
Raiway. A copy may be had of F. 
H. LaBaume, Industrial Agent, Roa- 
noke, Virginia. 

"Ground Phosphate Rock." This 
is a brief pamphlet circulated by the 
Farmers' Ground Rock Phosphate Co., 
Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, giving in- 
formation in regard to natural fine 
ground rock or floats. 

"Harvey Bolster Springs." This is 
an attractive circular issued by the 
Harvey Spring Co., Racine, Wis., il- 
lustrating and describing its wagon 
bolster springs. ihis Company lias 
an advertisement in another column 
to which attention is invited. 

"About Plows." A neatly illustrated 
booklet issued by the Wm. J. Oliver 
Mfg. Co., Knoxville, Tennessee, de- 
scribing how its well-known plow 
are made. It is very interesting ana 
well gotten up and will be sent free 
of charge to all who ask for it. 



TWO RELIABLE CREAM SEPARA- 
TORS. 

Among illustrations of modern dairy 
machines are the Dairy Maid and Blue 
Bell Cream Separators or Harvesters 
so'd by the International Harvester 
Co of America. These are hand sep- 
arators and they have the qualities 
which make them valuable to all class- 
es of dairymen. First, they get all 
the cream. Secondly, they are easy 
running. Third, they are simple and 
therefore not likely to get out of or- 
der and are at the same ume easy 
to keep clean. The main difference 
between the two machines is the man- 
ner of applying the power to the sep- 
arating bowl. The Dairy Maid uses 
a chain, the Blue Bell transmits the 
power or motion from the crank to 
the bowl by the gear wheel. In both 
cases there is the least possible loss 
of power by friction. Both separators 
are made in four different sizes, tfae 
smallest having the capacity of 350 
pounds of milk per hour. 

One or the other of these depend- 
able machines can be had from any 
local agent of the International Har- 
vester Company of America. Cata- 
logues giving particulars can be had 
from these agents. If you are in 
need of a separatoi, these machines 
well deserve your careful consider 
tion. One undoubted advantage of 
buying well known machines through 
responsible agents is the certainty of 
getting something that will not prove 
a disappointment after you have made 
your purchase. 



FREE ROOFING SAMPLE. 
Since the appearance on the market 
of roofing that need no paint 
ing, there has been a very lively curi- 
osity on the part of many people to 
see the goods. Accordingly tne mak- 
ers of Amatite, the best known of this 



The Oldest Established Real Estate Agency in Northern Virginia 

Northern Virginia Farms and Country Homes 
Near Washington, D. C. 




A. H. BUELL, Real Estate Broker, Herndon, Va. 

JOHN F. JERMAN 

HEADQUARTERS FOR 

VIRGINIA PROPERTY 

Main Office, Fairfax, Va.; Branch Office, Vienna and 1316 I St., N. W., Wash, D. C. 

If you want to buy a grain, dairy, fruit, truck, poultry or blue grass farm, 
city or village property, It will pay you to send for 80-page catalog. It is full 
of bargains. It contains all kinds of business propositions. It will pay you to 
buy a farm near the capitol, where you have good markets, and the benefit 
of steam and electric R. R. service. 

My catalog is free to you. 

I am always ready to show property, and try to help my clients make a 
good investment. 

My Motto Is "Honesty and Fair Dealing^)." 



Farms in Northern Virqinia 

DAIRY, GRAIN, STOCK, POULTRY, FRUIT. 

Near Washington and Baltimore, and In easy reach of Philadelphia and 
New Yark. 

Unlimited markets and unsurpassed shipping facilities. 
Reasonable In price. Near good live towns, schools and churches. Write u». 
CLAUDES G. STEPHENSON. 
(Successor to Stephenson & Ralney, Herndon, Va.) 



792 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Attention 

HOMBSEEKBRS AND INVESTORS. 

Send for my Map and new Catalogue 
• honing and describing this section of 
Northern Vlrgina, and a complete list 
of all property now en the market, 
consisting of Grain, Grass, Dairy, 
Fruit, Stock, Truck, Poultry, and Blue- 
grass Farms, Town and Business 
Places. 

I claim and can prove that this sec- 
tion shown by my map, has advant- 
ages over any other part of the State. 
It Is not only beautiful and healthy 
but is productive and progressive, and 
very accessible to Washington and 
Alexandria cities, by rail and pike 
which gives all producers a fine home 
market. 

I am not a broker or speculator, I 
bring the buyer and seller face to face, 
I have no speculative Interest what- 
ever In any property. My business Is 
wholly on commission which Is paid 
by the seller. 

References furnished in my Cata- 
logue. If you can't come, write. 



W. H. TAYLOR, 



Herndon, Va. 



— FARMS — 



IN 



Southside Virginia 



910.00 to 930.00 per acre. 

With buildings, fruit, timber, 
good water, best markets. Level 
land, productive soil. 

Write for our Real Estate Herald 
with map and full Information. 

PILE «£ COMPANY, Inc. 

Petersburg, Virginia. 



Rare Bargain To 
QUICK BUYER 

A splendidly located Albemarle 
Fruit, Stock and Poultry Farm with- 
in an hour's drive of University of 
Virginia and fifteen minutes of railway 
station. 1,000 fruit trees from 7 to 10 
years old. Can be made an ideal home 
or profitable commercial proposition. 

Apply to owner. 

MEADOW GROVE FARM, 
Ivy Depot, Va. 

Virginia Farms 

MOST SELECT LIST, and in all sec- 
tions of the State. 

FREE CATAL0OUE. 
R. B CHAFFIN & CO, Inc, 

Richmond, Va. 

"In the Green Fields of Virginia/' 

Humea for all; bealth for all; happi- 
ness and Independence for all. All 
sizes of Farms nt corresponding prices 
but ALL, reasonable. 

MACON, 4 CO.. ORANGE, VA. 

Excellent Farm 

For Sale; 424 acres, 12 miles from 
Richmond, and 4 from trolley; will 
sell In part or as whole; easy terms. 
GEO. W. HUNT. Meadow, Va. 



class of roofings, have arranged to 
supply samples to any inquirer free 
of charge. 

These samples show the goods com- 
plete with the mineral surface which 
replaces paint as a protection against 
the weather, and it is easy to obtain 
a very good idea of just what Ama- 
tite is like. 

All you have to do in order to ob- 
tain the sample is to send a postal 
card request for same to the nearest 
office of Barrett Manufacturing Co., at 
New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Bos- 
ton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburg, 
Minneapolis, St. Louis, Kansas City, 
or New Orleans. 



SPRAY YOUR TREES 
With Cooper's Tree Sprays and get 
the best results. They are effective 
in the highest degree, highly concen- 
trated and absolutely uniform in 
strength. Mix instantly with water. 
No sediment to clog nozzles. Harm- 
less to the trees and user. Non-pois- 
onous to animals grazing under trees. 
Invigorates and cleanses the trees. 



SILAGE FOR BEEF CATTLE. 
Silage may be fed with advantage 
to beef cattle, in moderate quantities, 
up to about forty pounds a day. The 
health of the animals and the quali- 
ty of the beef produced on moderate 
silage feeding leave nothing to be 
wished for. If the silage is made 
from immature corn, care must be 
taken not to feed too large quantities 
at the start, and to feed carefully, 
so as not to make the animals scour. 
Professor Henry says in regard to the 
value c silage for fattening steers: 
"As with roots, silage makes the car- 
cass watery and soft to the touch. 
Some have considered this a disad- 
vantage, but is it not a desirable con- 
dition in the fattening gteer? Corn 
and roughage produce a hard, dry 
carcass, and corn burns out the di- 
gestive tract in the shortest possible 
time. With silage and roots, diges- 
tion certainly must be more nearly 
normal, and its profitable action long- 
er continued. The tissues of the body 
are juicy, and the whole system must 
be in Just that condition which per- 
mits rapid fattening. While believ- 
ing in a large use of silage in the 
preliminary stages, and its continuance 
during most of the fattening period, I 
would recommend that gradually more 
dry feed be substituted as the period 
advances, in order that the flesh may 
became more solid. Used in this 
way, I believe silage will become an 
important aid in steer |feeding in 
many sections of the country. Re- 
sults from Canada, Wisconsin and 
T xas Experiment Stations show the 
broad adaptation of this food for stock 
feeding purposes. 

Young stock may be fed half as 
much silage as full grown ones, with 
the same restrictions and precautions 
as given for steers. Experience ob- 
tained at the Kansas Station suggests 



Convenient To 
RICHMOND AND WASHINGTON. 

Virginia FARMS 

400 acres — 300 cultivated and 

fenced into 20-acre fields. Springs 
and running- water; 11-room dwell- 
ing; located in beautiful grove; 
valuable outbuildings, close to 
schools, churches, stores; 3 miles to 
double track trunk line R. R. $5,500. 

34 acres — Dwelling, barn, orchard, 
li acres in cultivation, balance in 
wood, 3 miles to electric and steam 
R. R.; crop and stock to go with 
farm. $1,350. 

75 acres — Neat dwelling. In pret- 
ty grove, orchard. Outbuildings, 
store, fine neighborhood, 8 miles to 
R. R. $1,500. 

BL.ANTON A PURCELL, 
1110 E. Main Street, Richmond. Va. 



Splendid Farms 

Large farm, nice residence and good 
buildings and improvements, (large 
new school building convenient), 
worth $20,000. Small farm, worth 
$4,000. Both within four miles of 
Greenville, in good neighborhoods. 
Team, stock, improved farm Imple- 
ments and year's seed, feed, etc., with 
each. See them during summer while 
crops growing. Address P. O. Box 311, 
Greenville, N. C. 



FARMS 

For Sale. 



If you want a farm to raise grass, 
grain, stock, fruit or tobacco, buy 
from us. Chocolate soil with red 
subsoil. Address 

W. W. BARNES * CO., 

LAND AND TIMBER AGENTS, 

Amelia Courthouse, Va. 



INVEST YOUR MONEY IN VIRGINIA 
REAL ESTATE 

We have a new and select list of 
bargains. "We can sell you any size 
and kind of a farm that you want. 
We have some special bargains near 
the city. Here is one: 173 acres only 
seven miles from city, near electric 
car line, 75 acres good timber, good 
four-room house, on turnpike, $4,750. 
Here Is another: 61% acres, good 
buildings, 30 acres good timber, % 
mile from Caroline, plenty of fruit, 
$3,000 We have Stock Farms, Grain 
Farms, Poultry Farms, Small Farms, 
Large K.'irms. Come and see us or 
send for new list. 

SCHROEDER & HUSSELMAN, 
1301 E. Main St., Richmond, Va. 

41 ACRE FARM 

For sale; 3 miles southwest of Crozet, 
Va.; 500 fruit trees, dwelling, barn and 
other outbuildings; location ideal for 
physician, sanatorium or summer re- 
sort. For particulars, apply to 
F. C. LOUHOFF, Yancey Mills, Va. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



793 



Moon Blindness cured 

"VISIO" 

Wonderful 
Discovery 

DISEASES of the EYE 
successfully treated with 
this NEW REMEDY. 

AN ABSOLUTE CURE 

for Moon Blindness, (Ophthalmia), Con- 
junctivitis and Cataract, Shying horses 
all suffer from diseased eyes. A trial will 
convince any horse owner that this remedy abso- 
lutely cures defects of the eye, Irrespective of the 
length of time the animal has been afflicted. No 
matter how many doctors have tried and failed, use 
"VISIO," use it under our GUARANTEE; your 
money refunded if under directions it 
does not effect a cure- "YOU PAY FOR 
RESULTS ONLY." SS.OO per bottle, 
postpaid on receipt of price. 

VIslo Remedj Ass'n., 1939 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. 





TTse the old, reliable, standard remedy 
••Bickmore's Gall Care" and beware of 
imitations. Every genuine package bears 
the above trademark of the working horse, 
and if you are not satisfied after using it 
acoording to directions, dealers are author- 
ized to refund your money. 

Bickmore's Gall Cure 

cures open sores, cuts and abrasions of 
every description promptly and speedily. 
Does not interfere with working the animal. 
Try it. Sample Free and Bickmore's New Horse Book 
if you'll send 6c for packing and postage. 

BICKMORE GALL CURE CO. Box 935. OLD TOWN. Main* 



z* 



You Can't Cut Out 



A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or 
THOROUGHPIN, but 




AJJSORBINE 



will clean them off permanently, and 

yon work the horse fame time. Does 

not blister or remove the hair. Will 

tell you more if yon write. $2.00 pet 

bottle at d' lers or deliv'd.Book 4Df ree. 

ABSORB1NE, JR., for mankind. 

$1 bottle. Reduces Varicose Veins, Var- 

Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Liga- 

Enlarged Glands. Allays pain qnickly. 

W. F. YOUNG, P. 0. F., 109 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 

USE CRAFT'S DISTEMPERandCOUGH CURE 

A safe and sure pre- 
ventive and positive cure 
for all forms of Distem- 
per, Influenza, Pinkeye, 
Coughs and Colds in 
Horses, Sheep and Dogs, 
50c and SI. 00 at Druggists 
or prepaid. Write for free 
booklet "Dr. Craft's Advice." 

WELLS MEDICINE CO., LAFAYETTE, IND. 

wnsEBtErcq 

Ouickly and positively cured in less 
rn i-i three weeks with one applica- 
tion of 

ADAM'S RAPID LUMP JAW CURE 

Easy to use. Written GUARAN- 
TEE accompanies each bottle. 
Don't delay but write today for 
free circular. Dept. ■_>?. 

.C. Adams Mtg.Co., Algona, I*. 





A Neat Binder for your back num- 
bers can be had for 30 cents. Address 
our Business Department. 



that corn silage is not a fit food for 
breeding bulls, unless fed a few 
pounds only as a relish; fed heavily 
on silage bulls are said to lose virili- 
ty and become slow and uncertain 
breeders. 

The foregoing article appears on 
pages 152 and 153 of "Modern Silage 
Methods," a 224-page book published 
by the Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, Ohio. 
Every reader of this paper should 
read their ad. on another page. 



An interesting situation is shown 
in the present demand for poultry 
products — at least from the standpoint 
of the man whos-; business it is to 
produce eggs; for, in spite of the 
steady and remarkable expansion 
which the business has shown within 
the last two or three years, eggs con- 
tinue to command very high prices. 

Just why we are consuming so 
great a quantity of poultry products is 
hard to determine, unless it be that 
we are just beginning to learn the 
true food value of the egg. 

But, whatever the cause, tne pres- 
ent opportunity is a golden one for 
the hen man. Profitable as it has 
always been to keep hens, there is 
a chance now, with good birds and 
proper care, to make past profits look 
mall in comparison with present ones. 
Mark those two words — proper care 
— for they are the crux of the whole 
situation. 

Good birds alone, or good birds in 
a fine house, don't spell success; but 
it s a well-proven fact that almost any 
kind of birds cared for as "The Dr. 
Hess Idea" teaches, will lay and be 
profitable. There can be no question 
about that, and there is no marvel in 
it. It's but reason and common sense. 

"The Dr. Hess Idea," applied to the 
care of hens, is simply this — "perfect 
digestion is necessary to perfect pro- 
duction." That is, a hen must make 
use (by means of the digestive or- 
gans and those of assimilation) of the 
largest possible amount of her food, 
or the percentage of waste will be 
too great to be overcome by the few 
eggs she will lay. 



ONE MAN DOES IT ALL. 

A man and a horse with an Ertel 
"Daisy" hay press can hale a ton an 
hour. Just think of the advantages. 
No big baling crew to feed. You do 
*hp baling in spare time from regu- 
lar worK. Cost of baling is reduced 
to forty .cents a ton. Automatic self- 
feed and wonderful but simple self- 
threader have put the work in the 
range of one man. 

This is the greatest advance yet 
scored. You nvzht to read the enthu- 
siastic endorsement of those who used 
the "Daisy" Inst season. Better write 
to-day to George Ertel Company 
Onincv. Illinois, and tell them vou 
want to know more about the hav 
nress advertised in the Southern 
Planter. Thev will send you their 
"Baler Book" free. A postal will do 



Warranted to Give Satisfaction. 

Gombault's 

Caustic Balsam 




Has Imitators But No Competitors. 

A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for 
Curb, Splint. Sweeny, Gapped Hook, 
Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind 
Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, 
Ringbone and other bony tumors. 
Cures all skin diseases or Parasites, 
Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes til 
Bunches from Horses or Cattle, 



As a Human Remedy tor Rheumatism. 
prams, Sore Throat, etc., It Is invaluable; 
TEvery bottle of Caustio Balsam sold Is 



Warranted to give satisfaction. Price $1 60 
per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by 'ex- 
press, charges paid, with full directions for 
Its use. ErTSend for descriptive oirculajr*. 
testimonials, etc. Address 

The Lawrence-Williams Co., Cleveland, 0. 



BITTER LICK 

MEDICATED 

SALT BRICK 



The Great Conditioner, Tonic, Digester 
and Worm Destroyer for 

HORSES, CATTLE and SHEEP 

A pure, highly concentrated, medicated 
salt, in brick form, infallible in curative 
and beneficial effect. All animals relish it. 
2-lb. brick, 25c; per doz., $2.50. Catalogof all 
Stockmen's Supplies free. Agents wanted. 
F. S. Burch & Co., 177 Illinois St., Chicago 




FELKER'S NICOTINE 

Stomnch-Wonn Remedy 

The Great Internal 

PARASITICIDE. 

The only known De- 
stroyer of Stomach 
Worms. Guaranteed. 
1 Price $3.00 per box of 
75 doses, prepaid. 

\V. A. Felker Mrs. Co., 
Quiiiey, HI. 

MINOR'S FLUID 

SHEEP A1VD HOG DIP. 

Its use permitted in official dipping 
Low prices on Dipping Tanks. 

Testimonials and circulars for the 
asking. 

W. E. MINOR & CO., 
Sll I.oiik Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. 

Send for Booklet 11KATII TO UK AYES 

Newton's ."-S^f" 

Guaraotecd or Money Back. 

» $i.()Operpan, at dealers, or 

Express Paid. 18 Irs' Nile. 

THE NEWTON KENEDY (.0. 

Toledo, Ohio. 




794 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Send your order for 

Crimson Clover 



And All Other 



SEEDS 

TO 

Oiggs&Beadles 

"THE SEED MERCHANTS"' 

1709 East Franklin St. 

RICHMOND, - = VA. 

Branch Store 603 and 605 East 
Marshall Street. 

We are headquarters for su- 
perior Seeds of all kinds. 
GRASS and CLOVER SEEDS. 

Garden and Flower Seeds, Cow 
Peas, Field Beans, Sorghums, 
Millets and all seeds of the 
highest quality and germination. 

Write to-day for our free cat- 
alogue and price list. 

Your Correspondence Solicited. 



N. C. SEED RYE 

FREE FROM ONIONS AND FILTH. 
Appier and Winter Turf Oats 
SEED WHEAT. 
HICKORY SEED CO., Hickory, N. C. 



WANTED 

Appier, Burt and White Oats; Seed 
Wheat. Seed Corn, Peanuts, Soja Beans, 
Second Crop Seed Potatoes and Sweet 
Potatoes. Parties having any of above 
to offer will please name us lowest 
price on same. 

E. W. JONES, Seed Dealer, 
Woodlawn, Va. 

The Virginia Bay 

AT 

Ocean View, Va. 

THE MOST POPULAR HOTEL, ON THE 
VIRGINIA COAST. 

Now open for the summer. Come 
along and bring your friends, relatives 
and sweethearts. Rates and other In- 
formation cheerfully furnished upon 
application. 

JOHN A. TUCKER, 

Manager. 

TO BXCHANGE!!! 

Apple, Pear, Cherry, Peach and Or- 
namental Trees for Pedigreed Shrop- 
shire, Southdown, Dorset Lambs, Po- 
land-China, Berkshire Pigs, Indian 
Runner Ducks. Barred Rocks and M. 
B. Turkeys. 

E. >V. JONES NURSERY CO., 
AYoodlavrn, Va. 



HINTS BY MAY MANTON. 
With Tucked or Plain Sleeves. 
The lingerie gown that is tucked 
and made' with a flounce is one of 
the prettiest and most graceful that 
the season has to offer. This model 
is charming and attractive, yet quite 
simple. It is made in gores that are 
pointed at their lower edges and with 
insertions concealing all the seams. 
It is tucked over the hips to produce 
snug fit and to give a girdle effect 
and again at the shoulders so that 
it is becomingly full without being in 
the least bulky. Sheer mercerized 



6377 Tucked Princesse Gown, 
34 to 42 bust. 



batiste with chemisette of .tuckinj: 
and trimming of Valenciennes lace 
are the materials used for this gown, 
but lingerie materials include the 
crepe and marquinette that do not re 
quire ironing, as well as the familiar 
plain and embroidered muslins, and 
the materials, one and all, adapted 
to the model. In this case the sleeves 
are tucked in groups with in'sertion 
between, but the plain ones, cut from 
material to match the chemisette, can 
be used whenever preferred. The 




RAISE POULTRY 



Cal Husselman's little book tells 
how to do It profitably. 

SOUTHERN 

POULTRY 

GUIDE 

125 pp., cloth bound, illustrated. It 
contains the meat of the Editor's 
40 years' experience in the Poultry 
Business. Send $1 and we will en- 
ter your subscription to the South- 
ern Planter and forward the book 
promptly 

SOUTHERN PLANTER, 
Richmond, Va. 



McCne's "Ringlet" 



Barred Plymouth Rocfrs. 



Successive winners in strongest com- 
petition at Richmond and Washington, 
D. C. When looking around for your 
birds for the shows or for utility pur- 
poses, you should pause and look 
well at my beautiful young stock, the 
finest that I have ever raised. My 
"Ringlets" are unexcelled in size, vig- 
or, beauty and egg production. Write 
me. I will have birds that will please 
you, both in quality and price. Satis- 
faction guaranteed. 

LESLIE H. McCUE, 

Box 4, Afton, Va. 

Bargain Sale 

^ WHITE' WYANDOTTE HENS 

at 91.50 and $2. 

each. All this year's breeders must go 
to make room for young stock. This 
is a rare opportunity to get the best 
for practically nothing. Special price 
on large orders. 

EVELYN HEIGHTS FARM., 
W. W. Thomas, Prop., Catlett, Va. 

Glenview Orpingtons* 

8. C. BUFFS EXCLUSIVELY. 

I will not eel! any eggs for hatch- 
ing next season. If you want some of 
the best stock of Orpingtons In the 
South, BUT NOW. Prices reasonable. 
State your exact wants. 
B « Hnn\R. Keswick Va. 



Valley Farm 

Barred Rocket, 
S. C. B. Leghorns. 

My choice breeders for 
sale to make room for 
growing stock. 

CHAS. C. WINE, 
Mt. Sidney, Va. 



Tell the advertiser where vou saw 
his advertisement. 




1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



795 




THE OLD RELIABLE 

LANBERT5 

DEATH TO LICE 



is the "real" article that has stood the 
test for 'lb years. Has no superior for 
destroying: lice. It saves the hens and 
increases Poultry Profits. Try it and 
be convinced. Sample 10 cts. If your 
dealer cannot supply you, send us his 
name. "Modern Poultry Problems" 
mailed for 2c stamp. 

O. K. STOCK FOOD CO., 

421 Traders Bldg., - Chicago. 



TAYLOR'S 

White Wyandotte Chickens, White 
Holland Turkeys, White Muscovy 
Ducks, stock and eggs in season. 
k. randolpiTtaylor, 
Hickory Bottom Poultry Farm, 
It. F. D. No. 2. Beaver Dam, Va, 



TO MAKE ROOM 

For mv young" stock I will offer 
some of mv choice WHITE PLY- 
MOUTH ROCK YEAR-OLD HEIVS in 

any quantity to suit at $15.00 per 
dozen. Also a few male birds to 
spare, from $2 to $10 each. Order 
direct from this ad. Eggs, $1.00 for 
15; $4.00 per 100. 
C. M. WALKER, HERSDON, VA. 



ROSE COMB 

Rhode Island Red 

Eggs from prize-winning stock for 
sale, 15 for $1, or 3 sittings for $2.50. 
L. E. SMITH, Appomattox, Va. 

WHITE WYANDOTTE HENS 

One year old, $1 and Cocks from $2 to 

each; only a limited number sold to 

make room Tor our young stock. 

WHITE POULTRY YARDS, 

Lorraine, Va. 

MISS LOUISE V. SPENCER, 
Blackstone, Va. 

PURE BRED R. C. RHODE ISLAND 

RED 

STOCK FOR SALE. 

Member of R. I. R. Club of America. 

For HI fill Grade, Pure Brrtl 

Black Langshans 

WRITE TO 
A. M. BLACK, Tazewell, Va. 

QUALITY 

Poland - CHinas. 

Lest you forget we have the beat 
breeding and individuals in P. C. blood 
In Virginia at farmers' prices. Toung 
pigs and bred sows "the best ever." 

A son of the "King of Them All" at 
head of our herd. Write us your wants. 

H. B. BUSH A BRO., 
Mlchanx, Powhatan Co., Va. 



trimming is all arranged on indicate! 
lines and the gown consequently is 
an easy one to make, while it gives 
the effect of extreme daintiness and 
charm. 

The gown is cut in nine gores, 
those at the centre front and hack 
being cut off slightly above the waist 
line. The chemisette is made separ- 
ately and arranged under the bodice 
portion and the flounce is straight at 
its lower edge, pointed at the upper, 
where it is gathered and joined to 
the gown. Whether the sieves are 
made as shown in the front view and 
tucked, or as shown in the back view 
from fc ticy material, they are cut in 
one piece each. 




6374 Girl's Sailor Jumper Suit, 
8 to 14 years. 

The quantity of material required 
for the medius size is 14 yards 24; 
8.1-2 yards 32, or 7 1-2 yards 44 inches 
wide, with 21 yards of insertion, 3-8 
yard tucking for the chemisette; 31-2 
yards of edging to make as illustrat- 
ed :n the front view; 12 yards 24; 
7 1-2 yards 32, or 6 1-2 yards 44 inches 
wide with 17 1-2 yards of banding, and 
2 yards of tucking to make as shown 
in the hack view. 

The pattern 6377 is cut in sizes for 
a 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inch |bust 
measure, and will he mailed to any 
address by the Fashion Department 



Virginia's Premier Rival 
117^83 

A blue ribbon winner at Va. State 
Fair, 1908. He Is one of the Great 
Boars of the Berkshire Breed, is not 
only a splendid individual but has 
proven himself a wonderful breeder. 
His pigs are large, even size no 
"runts" fine length, full of quality 
with best of Berkshire heads, Anyone 
in search of a top boar pig to head a 
good herd, write me. My pigs are 
out of large prolific sows of best 
breeding. Prices reasonable and stock 
must please you. 
E. F. SOMMERS, Somerset, Va. 



TAMWORTH PIGS. 

From Registered Stock of Fine 
Breeding. 

Knowle of Cook Farm 6067 at 
head of herd. Sire 2nd prize boar 
at Royal Show, Eng., 1907., Dam, 
1st prize gilt at same show, 1907. 

VOLNEY OSBURN 
Blnemont, London* Co. Va. 



PURE-BRED 

BERKSHBRES j 
POLAND-CHINAS 
TAMWOR1HS 

Pigs from Registered Stock for sale. 
Several Berkshire and Tamworth 
Boars ready for service. 

J. C. GRAVES, Barboursville, Va. 



MEADOW BROOK FARM 




FOR SALE — Choice 
lot of large 
YORKSHIRE PIGS 

males and females, 
not akin, from 
America and Eng- 
land's best breed- 
ii i 

J, D. Thouuiv .'ni». 
K on ni HlU. > I. 



PREMIER BERKSHIRES 

The large, lengthy, growthy kind. A 
fine lot of pigs, bred from first-class 
sows, ready for April delivery; prices 
right. B. P. Rock eggs $1 for 16. 
J. T. OLIVER, Allen's Level, Va. 



DUROC-JERSEY and TAMWORTH 

SWINE. 

Sterling Stock Farm, 

R. W. Watson, Petersburg, Va 



CHESTER WHITES. 

Best hog on earth. I am now booking 
orders for spring pigs Please let me 
have your orders. Satisfaction guaran- 
teed. 
S. M. WISECARVER, Rnstbnrg, Va. 




Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshire*. 
C. Whites. Large strains. All 
jages, mated, not akin. Bred 
Sows, Service Boars, Guernsey 
Calves, Collie and Beagle Pups 
|and poultry. Write for price* 
nd circular. 

P. F. HAMILTON, 
Cochranvllle, Chester Co. Pa. 



PURE BRED 



Hereford Bull 

Calves, weighing about 600 pounds fov 
sale. Price $50 each. 

J. L. PITTS, Scottsvllle, Va. 



796 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



I offer the following first-class 

REGISTERED SHROPSHIRES 



FOR SALE 




1 — 3-year-old ram, an excellent indi- 
vidual, weight about 200 lbs. price, 

$20. 
3 — 4-year-old ram, a good one, weight 

about 190 to 200 lbs., at $20. 
5 — 2-vear old rams, good individuals, 

weight from 160 to 190 lbs at $18 

to $20. 
5 — yearling 1 rams, weight from 140 to 

160 lbs at $17 to $20. 
5 — Ram lambs, weight about 100 lbs. 

each at $12 to $15. 
16 — yearling ewes, good ones at $20. 
6 — 2-year-old ewes, none better at $20 

each. 
5 — 3-year-old ewes, good Individuals 

at $18 each. 
4 — 4-year old ewes, good individuals, 

at $17 each. 
1 — 5-year-old ewe, l-6year-old ewe and 

1 — 7year-old-ewe at $15 each or the 

3 for $36. 
All of above registered or will be 
for purchaser. All F. O. B. Chester- 
town, Md. 

H. R. GRAHAM, 

Chestertown, Md. 

EDGEWOOD STOCK FARM. 

DORSETS 

I still have some choice Nov., Jan., 
and Feb. lambs left; better this year 
than ever. Will be pleased to quol " 
you prices. Remember my lambs ar° 
from large strong boned ewes and 
have blood from the best flocks in 
this country and England. I am pre- 
pared to furnish grade ram lambs 
at ten dollars f. o. b. Let me hear 
from you; I can please you. Address 
H. H. Arbuckle, 
Maxwelton, W. Va. 



WOODLAND FARM 

DORSET SHEEP 

No Ewes for sale, and only a few 
Rams left. We have three or four 
flock-headers among these, which we 
offer at reasonable prices. Better or- 
der before they are all gone. 
CHAS. R. WING, 
Successor to J. E. Wing & Bros., 
Mecbanicsburg, Ohio. 

DORSET SHEEP 

I have to offer, this season, some 
very fine Dorset Rams; prices in reach 
of all. 

SAMUEL, T. HENINGER, 
Burke's Garden, Va. 

SHROPSHIRES 

Yearling Bucks and Lambs, well 
wooled, close, blocky fellows; best 
for early lambs. 

SUFFOLKS. 
Bucks, Lambs, Yearlings and Two- 
Tear Olds for sale, cheap to close out 
T. C. DICKERSON, 
Route 3, Staunton, Va. 



of this paper on receipt of ten cents. 
To be Worn with or without a Shield 

with Plaited or Gathered Skirt. 

The sailor jumper suit is one of the 
latest and best liked developments of 
that favorite model, and there is one 
made from white l.nen with bands of 
blue which is smart and summer-like 
in the extreme. The long, loose 
blouse is drawn on over the head 
without an opening and 'he big sailor 
collar makes its pretty and appropri- 
ate finish. In this case no shield is 
worn, and for very warm days and 
for tennis and other out-door sports 
that style is a most desirable one, but 
the shield can be used whenever liked. 
White and blue linen, serge, flannel, 
duck and all the materials that art 
used for sailor suits are appropriate. 
When blue is the color chosen the 
shield can be of white or matching 
color as preferred. 

The suit consists of the jumper and 
the skirt. The skirt is straight and 
can be either plaited or gathered at 
its upper edge where it can be joined 
to a fitted body lining or to a belt. 
The blouse is made with front and 
back portions. It is faced at the front 
and the collar is joined to the neck 
edge. The sleeves are simple plain 
ones with cuffs finishing their lower 
edges. The separate shield can be 
used and adjusted under the blouse 
or the body can be faced to give the 
effect; or, again, the suit can be worn 
without the shield, when the skirt 
should be attached to a belt in place 
of the body lining. 

The quantity of material required 
for the medium size (12 years is 
6 1-4 yards 27; 5 yards 32, or 3 3-4 
yards 44 inches wide with 2 1-4 yards 
of banding. 

The pattern 5374 is cut in sizes for 
girls of 8, 10, 12 and 14 years of 
age and will be mailed to any address 
by the Fashion Department of this 
paper on receipt of ten cents. 



PINEHURST SHROPSHIRES 



THE BALING PRESS. 

During the past half century a re- 
markable development in farm ma- 
chinery has taken place, the result of 
which has been the lessening of labor 
and the making of farm life more at- 
tractive, to say nothing of increased 
profits. 

Among the many men who have 
won fame and achieved wonderful suc- 
cess along these lines is P. K. Deder- 
ick, who, more than fifty years ago, 
designed, manufactured and intro- 
duced to the farmers of America and 
all the world, the baling press for 
compressing hay, straw and similar 
materials into compact space for con- 
venient handling and marketing. 

The firm manufacturing these press- 
es, P. K. Dederick's Sons, 55 Tivoli 
St., Albany, N. Y., will be glad to send 
to any one interested a complete cata- 
logue of these celebrated presses, 
which not only tells all about them, 
but gives much valuable information 
on baling in genera. Write to-day for 
a free copy. 




HOME-BRED RAM. 

WARDWHLS "LEAD THE WAY," 

In 1907 we won CHAMPION RAM at 
Chicago International, Michigan State 
and New York State Fairs, and every 
FIRST PRIZE at Vermont State Fair. 

In 1908 we won champion Ram at 
Indiana and New York State Fairs. 
This year we have bought at a cost 
of $900 the 1st Prize Royal Ram in 
England. Our rams are better than 
ever and we have reduced the price 30 
per cent, from last year. 

Don't fail to send for our circular 
giving price and breeding of rams. We 
are making a special offering, so buy 
early and get first choice. 

We pay not only great care to get 
the BEST in importing, but even more 
care in selecting our breedine flock. 
This is undoubtedly the reason our 
flock has such a great reputation. 
HENRY L. WARDWELL, 

S ]>ri n v. field Center, New York. 



REDLAND 
FARM 

OFFERS FOR SALE 
Three Red Poll Bull Calves, from 
three to six months old; 
Eight Yearling Shropshire Bucks; 
Two-year-old Shropshire Bucks; 
One fine old Registered Buck, an 

excellent animal, raised by Oak- 

lelgh Thorne, Esq. 

AARON SEAY, Manager, 
Carter's Rrldge, Albemarle Co., Va., 



BROOKDALE FARM, 

Pocahontas County, West Virginia. 

Red Poll Cattle 

of best breeding. The cattle that suit 
the Virginia farmer best. Write for 
photographs and records. 

DORSET SHEEP 

A Prime Yearling Ram and a Few 

Choice Ewes. 
J. D. ARBUCKLE, 31. D., Cass, W. Va. 

REGISTERED 
POLL DURHAMS 

or Hornless Shorthorns, double stand- 
ard. Bull Calf for sale. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. 

J. M. Steger, Scottaville, Va. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



797 



Great Dispersion Sale 

Of the Famous 
Ingleside Herd of 

Hereford Cattle 

Polled and Standard 

Bred 

BULLS, COWS $ HEIFERS 




On September 21st and 22d, 1909, I 
will sell at auction at my farm. "Ing- 
leside," near Old River, on the 0. & O. 
R. R., in Greenbrier county, W. Va., 
my entire herd of Hereford cattle. In- 
cluding- my show and breeding 1 herd, 
numbering about one hundred and fif- 
ty head. 

This is absolutely a dispersion sale 
without any reserve, and will be sold 
rain or shine to the highest bidder 
In the second story of my breeding 
barn. 

For over twenty years I have bred, 
fed and maintained this herd under 
natural conditions, with very satisfac- 
tory results, both from a show and 
• feeding standpoint. The cattle will be 
presented on days of sale in good 
thrifty condition and, in my judgment, 
In proper form to go on and produce 
good results for the purchaser. They 
represent my earnest efforts for the 
past twenty years, and will be turned 
over to you at your own price. 

I do not expect big prices, but on 
account of my health, they must be 
sold. Catalogue will be reaay by Au- 
gust 20th. You are cordially invited 
to attend the sale. Nothing left un- 
done for your comfort. For catalogue 
address 

S. W. ANDERSOST, 
Ulnker Mills, W. Va. 

Auctioneers — Ft. E. Edmondson, Fred. 
Reppert. A. C. Gardner. 

Devon Herd Established 1884. Hamp- 
shire Down Flock Established 1880. 

DEVON CATTLE 

BULLS AND HEIFERS, 

HAMPSHIREDOWN SHEEP, 

RAMS AND EWES. 

ROBERT J. FARRER, Orange, Va. 

Walnut Hills Herd. 

Twenty-five Registered Angua fa- 
males and two bulls for sale. 

J. P. THOMPSON, Orange, Va. 

JERSEYS 

Combination and Golden Lad. For sale 

46 Cows, 6 Heifers, 25 Bulls. 

S. E. NIVEN, Landenberg, Pa. 



Forestville, Va., Oct. 5, 1908. 
Johnson & Field Mfg. Co., 
Hiicine, Wis. 
Gentlemen: — 1 received the Fanning 
Mill on the 20th of September, in 
good order. Have set it up and tried 
it on some wheat. It is doing good 
work all right for seed wheat. Have 
not used it for anything else. I have 
not said much to my friends about 
the Mill, as they are all busy getting 
out the crop. 1 will send names of 
neighbors that have old Fanning Mills 
and will have some of them look at 
this fine Mill you sent me. It is a 
beauty and runs so light. Enclosed 
find twenty-five cents worth of post- 
age stamps to pay for the collection 
of the check I sent you for the Mill. 
If I do not succeed in selling any 
Mills 1 will make it all right. 
Yours truly, \V. A. FENCE. 



Montmorenci, Tippicanoe Co., lnd., 

July 28, 1909. 
Johnson-Field Mfg. Co., 
Racine, Wisconsin. 
Gents. — I own and manipulate a 
Racine No. farm mill with bagger 
attachment and verily I say unto you 
that it's a "hummer" by which any 
farmer can make dollars out of wind. 
I know from practical experience that 
it is sound judgment in a farmer to 
clean his seeds and sow only graded 
seeds — seeds that are not full of im- 
purities, weed seeds, small "runty" 
grains, nor anything that might clog 
a drill. I have cut thirty acres of 
oats and where I sowed oats cleaned 
on a Racine a more even and vigor- 
ous stand could not be found. The 
Racine is strongly built and the most 
practical, up-to-date, thoroughly all 
around good fanning mill and seed 
grader made, in my opinion, and I've 
seen 'em about all. The Racine will 
increase your yield and when you get 
a larger yield you get more value per 
acre. My father bought one of your 
mills about eighteen or twenty years 
ago and it's as good as new yet. The 
Racine is the only fanning mill I 
would advise any farmer to buy. In 
its difference from other mills lies its 
superiority. With best wishes, I am, 
Yours very respectfully, 
GEO. J. WETTSCHURACK. 



Fairfax Co., Va., May 16, '09. 
I think there is nothing like the 
Southern Planter. H. R. Steele. 

Pittsylvania Co., Va., May 4, '09. 
I appreciate the Southern Planter 
very much and am not willing to do 
without it. J. W. RAMEY. 



Stafford Co., Va., May 4, '09. 
The Southern Planter is both enter- 
taining and helpful and altogether 
an up-to-date publication. 

THOMAS WALLACE. 



Franklin Co., Va., May 4, '09. 
Although not engaged in farming 
as a business, I find the Southern 
Planter very valuable. 

A. H. HUTCHERSON. 



Jerseys For Sale 

Imported and Imported in Dam 

150 HEAD IN THE HERD 

To select from, and not a single ani- 
mal but what is for sale. We won 
first and junior championship on 
yearling bull, Eminent 14fh. at the Na- 
tional Dairy Show; First on heifer not 
in milk, under two years; First and 
second on heifers under six months, 
and seven other ribbons on the twelve 
head we exhibited. 

Write to-day and get pedigrees, de- 
scriptions and prices. Address 

ALLENDALE FARMS 

SHELBYVILLE, KY. 
LOOMIS. 

"THE HOLSTEIN MAN". 

Offers a foundation herd of pure- 
bred Holsteins, consisting of one Bull 
and two Heifers, highly bred and ele- 
gant individuals. All from Advanced 
Registry dams 

Price, $250 F. O. B. 

Get in line while these "special in- 
ducement" offers last. 

Orders by wire surest. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. 

J. B. LOOMIS, RICHLAND, N. Y. 

J. A. STROUGH, 

Breeder of pure bred 

BELGIAN HORSES 

Stallions, Mares and Colts for sale; 
imported and native bred. 
CRIMORA, VA. 

Horses and Mules 
at a Bargain. 

One splendid Chestnut mare 9 years 
old, 1,200 lbs. Compactly built, ex- 
tra good farm and brood mare, bred 
to Hackney stallion. 

One 3 years old bay mare thoroughly 
broken to all farm work. 

One pair of 8 years old mare mules, 
color black, compactly built, easy to 
keep, sound, quick and reliable, 
1,150 lbs. each, well matched. 

One handsome black mare, 5 years 
old; extra fine driver, with plenty 
of style, beautifully shaped; easy 
to keep; works well everywhere. 

One light bay mare, 5 years old, weight 
about 1,050 lbs., height 15% hands. 
Gentle enough for a family horse. 
Handsome and stylish enough to 
please the most fastidious. 

One mahogany bay mare, 6 years old, 
weight about 1,000 lbs., height 15% 
hands. A reliable worker anywhere. 
A handsome and stylish driver. 
These animals are all fine brood 
mares and will be bred free of charge 
to superb Hackney stallion. They 
are all home raised with good blood 
In them and will be sold under a 
full written guarantee. 

One pair of well matched black horse 
mules, 2 years old, blocky and well 
shaped. This pair of fine two year 
olds will be sold at a special bar- 
gain if bought at once. 

One beautiful Bay Saddle and Har- 
ness Mare, five years old, 900 pounds. 
Stylish and fast. Superb Lady's 
Saddler. 

WM. M. WATKINS, 
Saze, Charlotte Co., Va. 



798 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Want Ads. 



Rates 2 cents per word. Cash with 
order. Initials and figures count as 
one word; 25 ents minimum charge. 



POULTRY, ETC. 



BERKSHIRE PIONEER POULTRY 
Yards offer Golden Penciled Ham- 
burgs, White Crested Black Polish, 
13 eggs, $2; Salmon Faverolles, 13 
eggs, $3; Silver Spangled Ham- 
burgs, Partridge Wyandottes, Black 
Breasted Red Game Bantams, Cor- 
nish Indian Games, Pearl Guineas, 
White Guineas, Pekin Ducks, In- 
dian Runner Ducks, 13 eggs, $1. 
Circular, A D. Parsons, Berkshire, 
N. Y. 



FOR SALE, THREE MONTHS' OLD, 
line bred, winter laying strain, bai 
red Plymouth Rock Cockerels, Sue. 
for August. To make room, a few 
one-year-old Barred Rock Hens, bac. 
Two trios Indian Runner Ducks at 
$5 a trio. Ingraham Poultry Yards, 
Somerset, Ora.ige Co., "Va. 

RARE BARGAIN IN BREEDING PENS 
of the following breeds: Light and 
Dark Brahmas, White and Barred 
Rocks, R. I. Reds, White, Buff, Sil- 
ver Laced, Partridge and Columbian 
Wyandottes. Eggs reduced; 25 var- 
ieties. Write your wants to-day. 
Clarence Shenk, Luray, Va. 

FOR SALE— 100 PURE-BRED S. C. R. 
I. Red Cockerels, April hatched. Can 
furnish any class from utility to 
prize winners. All cocks at head of 
yards were shown and won in com- 
petition. As layers the hens cannot 
be beaten. Prices $1 to $5. J. A. Ber- 
ger, Guilford, Md. 



FOR SALE COCKERELS FROM PRIZE 
winning strains, S. C. Brown Leg- 
horns, "Brace's" strain of New York 
S. C. R. Island Reds, Bryant's strain 
of Mass. Order early and get the 
best. Address, Evergreen Farms, 
Rice Depot, Va. 

WANTED — TWENTY-FIVE HUN- 

dred March and April hatched W. 
Rock and W. Wyandotte Pullets for 
breeding. Address Walter P. Laird, 
Supt., Warm Springs, Va. 

FOR SALE WHITE HOLLAND TUR- 
keys, 1st, 2d and 3d prize at Va. 
State Poultry Show, Richmond, Va 
December, 1908. Bargains Address 
J. M. Bell, Shirley, Va. 

BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS, BRAD- 
ley and Miles strains. Prize win- 
ners. Address Withers Burress, R. 
F. D. No. 7, Richmond, Va. 

FOR SALE— WELL COLORED ROSE- 
Comb Rhode Island Red Cockerels, 
four months old, at $1 each. Mar- 
garet Moncure, Rectory, Va. 

R. C. SILVER LACED WYANDOTTES. 
My choice breeders for sale to make 
room for growing stock. Mrs. Fan- 
nie Carter, Rice Depot, Va. 

EARLY HATCHED S. C. BROWN 
Leghorn Cockerels and Pullets for 
sale. Mrs. C. M. Bass, Rice Depot, 
Va. 

FOR SALE— S. C. WHITE LEGHORN 
hens and cocks Dinning: strain, $1 
each. J. M. Bell, Shirley, Va. 

SOME NICE WHITE WYANDOTTES 
for sale. O. O. Harrison, Mt. Ulla, 
N. C. 

Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 



LIVE STOCK. 



FOR SALE— THREE CHOICE ANGUS 
Bull Calves, 10 Cows, S Heifers, 
Choice breeding, mostly Prince Ito 
blood; 5 Hackney brood mares, 2 
Yearling Fillies, 5 trotting bred 
Mares, 1 Yearling, 1 2-year and 2 
3-year Fillies, all high class racing 
blood, and should go fast; 2 Geld- 
ings, 1 and 2 years; 1 Clydesdale 
Stallion, 2 years; 1 trotting bred 
Stallion; Don Piza 27060. one of the 
best Sows of the great Gambetta 
Wilkes. Myer & Son, Bridgeville, Del. 

FOR SALE— BEAU DONALD HERE- 
fords, a few choice calves, year- 
lings and cows of this popular fam- 
ily of Herefords. Also a few select 
Berkshire pigs by Premier Champion 
by Premier Longfellow, out of Roy- 
al Bachelor sows, Sweepstakes win- 
ner at Ky. State Fair, and one bay 
Saddle Filly, 3 years, weighs 1050 
lbs, by old Denmark out of Ky. sad- 
dle mare, stylish and fast. Elkton 
Stock Farm, Forest Depot, Va. 

TAMWORTH BOAR PIGS. CHOICE 
ones only offered. Three and four 
months at $10 and $12 each. Eli- 
gible to registry. Lusty, growing 
fellows. TAMWORTH ' blood for 
growth, larg-e litters and fine meat. 
I shall sell only the VERY GOOD 
for breeding. The others you can 
buy later as hams and bacon; but 
they will cost you more. S. Graham 
Smith, Dixondale, Va. 



$35 WILL BUY PURE-BRED HOL- 
stein bull calf bred at V. P. I. and 
by one of the best young bulls in 
the State, fine lusty fellow, beauti- 
fully marked, six weeks old, pail fedr 
f. o. b. J. J. Talman, Shadwell, Va. 



FOR SALE CHEAP — TWO VIRGINIA 
Bradley's Blitzen two-year-olds. One 
bay gelding, other brown filly, and 
one Royal Swell stud colt, four nios. 
old on Aug. 11th. Jas. Goldsmith, 
Chatham Farms, Fredericksburg, Va. 



SEVERAL YOUNG REGISTERED AB- 
erdeen Angus bulls. Sired by Gold 
Nugget 26957, who was never beaten 
in the show ring, at farmers' prices. 
David I. Jaynes, Massaponax, Va., 
Member of the Aberdeen Angus 
Breeders Association. 



FOR SALE, TWO THREE-YEAR-OLDS 
and one four-year-old, by thorough- 
bred sire from good mares, promis- 
ing hunters and drivers. Address 
Mrs. George M. West, 2509 1-2 Park 
Avenue, Richmond, Va. 



ONE RED POLL BULL CALF, ELIGI- 
ble for register, for sale. Price rea- 
sonable. Also S. C. B. Leghorn 
Cockerels at 75c. and $1; White Ply- 
mouth Rock Cockerels, 75c. Stock 
guaranteed. B. G. Bass, Rice, Va. 

FOR SALE SHORTHORN AND POLL- 
ed Durham calves, $40 to $70 each. 
All eligible to registration. Also 
three-year-old saddle mare. Drives 
and rides well. J. L. Humbert, Char- 
lottesville, Va. 



PONIES — SEVERAL SHETLAND AND 
others for children, well broken. Cne 
pair matched roan mares, 5 years, 
kind: single and double. J. M. Cun- 
ningham, Brandy Station, Va. 



FOR SALE REGISTERED JERSEY 

Bulls from one to two and one-half 
years old; also two fine Heifers. Ad- 
dress Riverside Park, Morganton, 
N. C. 

TO REDUCE FLOCK, TWELVE PURE 
bred Shropshire Ewes for $60, if 
taken in one lot. Address P. S. 
Hunter, Loretto, Essex Co., Va. 



DORSET BARGAINS — REGISTERED 
and grades. Exceptional prices to 
prompt buvers. H. Armstrong, Box 
244, Mt. Jackson, Va. 



FOR SALE— TEN DUROC BOARS AN 
lot of pigs eligible to registry, at 
the right price. Look up my po^l 
try ad. in another column. C. L 
Shenk, Lurav, Va. 



FOR SALE— ONE PURE-BRED POIJ 
Durham bull calf, also several nic« 

' grade heifers and bulls. Address S 
S. Teel, Charlottes vilee, Va. 



LARGE YORKSHIRE PIGS, PAIRS NO 
related, and Hampshire Sheep, Ram 
and Ewes. Best breeding. J. D, 
Thomas, Round Hill, Va. 



FOR SALE— JERSEY BULL eight 
months old. Address Box 4, Bowl- 
ing Green, Va. 



WANTED, A FEW HOLSTEIN COW 
or Heifers. J. P. F. Miller, Beale- 
ton, Va. 



BEST BREEDING OF LARGE YORK 
shires at bargain prices. W. E. Stick- 
ley, Strasburg, Va. 



TO SELL NICE SHROPSHIRE BUCK 
graded. J. A. Spears, Midlothian, Va 



DOGS, PET STOCK, ETC. 



WANTED— TO BUY ALL KINDS 
Wild Birds and Animals, particularly 
Tame Deer, Wild Turkeys, White 
Squirrels, Peafowl, Otters, Red Foxei 
Gray Squirrels, Partridges, Pheas 
ants, Beaver. State price when writ- 
ing. Dr. Cecil French, Naturalist, 
Washington, D. C. 



SCOTCH COLLIE PUPS (MALES) FOB 
sale. Parents imported 1908, tri 
color, black, white and tan, $5.00 
David Galloway Culpeper, Va. 



FOR SALE — SOME CHOICE YOUNG 
Belgian Hare bucks, three to five 
months old. $1 each. John L. Har- 
rison, Station No. 2, Richmond. Va 



FOR SALE— T WO PEDIGREED 
Great Dane Pups, seven months 
old. Male. $25; female, $15. S. C. 
Wolcott, Dixondale, Va. 



FOX, DEER, COON AND OPOSSUM 
hound's and pups, $3.60 to $16 each. 
For bargains write me. E. F. Wll- 
mouth, Shelbyvllle, Ky. 



OVERSTOCKED— 20 TO 30 HIVES OFJ 
bees in Danz hives, for sale cheap. I 
Correspondence solicited. R. R. Cuy- 1 
ler, Brandon. Va. 

REAL. ESTATE. 

FOR SALE— A VERY FINE FARM 
near Ringgold, Va., Pittsylvania 
county, six miles of Danville, Va., In 
a fine tobacco section. Soil very 
suitable for raising cattle. Con- 
tains 257 acres, three good dwelling 
houses, tobacco barns and other out- 
houses, all in good repair; has plenty 
of wood; also half interest in a fine J 
Water Power Grist Mill and Saw 
Mill, and 50 acres of land. This 
mill has plenty of water, three good | 
dwelling houses and stables. In a 1 
good section of country to buy grain. 
Convenient to the City of Danville, 
with a big sale in meal and flour. 
Bargain to quick purchaser. Apply 
to Fred S. Clarke, Ringgold, Va. 

FOR SALE— AN IMPROVED 200-ACRE 
farm in Piedmont, Va. Location 
high, dry and healthy. Sixty miles 
from Washington. DC In plain 
view of Blue Ridge Mountains. 
Dwelling and usual out-buildings. 
Fine seven-acre orchard of standard 
varieties of apples just in full bear- 
ing. Will sell implements and some i 
live stock if wanted. Terms to suit 
purchaser. Write for particulars 
Also a two-horse level tread-power I 
in good repair. If we dont sell this 
farm we will want a good man to » 
farm it next .year on salary or 
shares. Address, Box 33, Jefferson- 
ton, Va. 



FOR 
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THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



799 



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HKAI, ESTATE — (Continued). 



FOR SALE.— 350 ACRES WITH BUILD 
ings; excellent hunting lodge, stock 
farm or summer residence. Large 
house, painted white; rooms large 
and well lighted; wide and roomy 
porch around house; large fire 
places; well with force pump in 
kitchen gives abundance pure, soft 
cold water. New barn, etc. Perma- 
nent streams; springs on hill sides: 
valuable hardwood timber; two and 
one-half miles from depot; six miles 
to electric cars between Richmond 
and Petersburg. Map with perfect 
title of farm. I own this properly 
and will deal direct with you to 
suit. R. W. Savage, Highland 
Springs, Va. 

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE— FOR A 
farm in Piedmont Virginia, printing 
and publishing business in a county 
seat town in Piedmont Virginia, now 
netting the owner a good income. 
Field not thoroughly developed in 
either subscriptions or advertising. 
Job work runs $200 to $400 per 
month. Advertising and subscrip- 
tions about $200 per month. Cylinder, 
three jobbers, plenty of type and all 
modern machinery. Rent low and 
labor reasonable. Reason of selling 
owner wishes to retire. Price of 
plant and business, around $3,000 
conditioned upon payments. For par- 
ticulars, address; Newspaper, care 
Southern Planter. 

RARE BARGAIN TO QUICK BUYER. 
A splendidly located Albemarle 
fruit, stock and poultry farm with- 
in an hours' drive of University of 
Virginia and fifteen minutes of rail- 
way station; 1,000 fruit trees from 
7 to 10 years old. Can be mad-2 an 
ideal home or profitable •commercial 
proposition. Apply to owner. Mea- 
dow Grove Farm, Ivy Depot, Va. 

FOR EXCHANGE— MAUNFACTURING 
interest up to $10,000, for good 
sandy clay farm (even neglected) 
east of the Ridge, South the Mason 
Dixon line, and North of Charlottes- 
ville. Give minute description, loca- 
tion, condition, improvements and 
soil consistency and depth, also 
price to R. B. Leatherman, Delray, 
Fla. 

FINE ESTATE FOR SALE — THREE 
sets of handsome buildings; resi- 
dences contain 10, 9 and 8 rooms; 
five other settlements. Beautiful sit- 
uation, good grazing and farming 
land, 1,200 acres. Will divide. Price 
$25; close to town. A. H. Clement, 
Appomattox, Va. 

CENTRAL MISSOURI FARMS. FOR 
farms that will prove profitable anor 
satisfactory for homes and invest- 
ments, write for list of farms de- 
scribed and priced. Very product- 
ive soil; easy terms. Hamilton Real- 
ty Co., No. 2, Fulton, Mo. 

CLENDENING AND THOMAS, REAL 
Estate Agents. Round Hill, Loudoun 
county, Va. Large list of farms and 
town property in the famous Val- 
ley, ranging in price from $10 per 
acre and upwards. 

WANTED TO EXCHANGE CITY LOTS 
in Gulfport, Miss., for Shetland 
ponies, collies, blood hounds, «r 
fancy poultry. J. D. Stodghlll, Shel- 
byville, Ky. 

20-ACRE HOME, TWO HOURS DRIVE 
from Washington; new buildings: 
soft water, springs, brook, bargain. 
Correspondence solicited. Migrht ex- 
change. A. Jeffers, Burke, Va. 

FARMS AND TIMBERLANDS AT LOW 
est prices on easy terms, greatest 
bargains in Virginia. Write for 
catalogue. Cheap lands on new rail- 
road. Address J. R. Elam, Box 267, 
Charlottesville, Va 

Please mention the Southern Planter. 



POSITIONS HELP. 



WANTED A PRACTICAL. EXPERI- 
enced, up to date, Industrious farm 
manager to work on shares. Must 
thoroughly understand the business 
References required as to character 
experience and ability to success- 
fully conduct all farming operations 
The place is suitable for all crops, 
dairy and stock raising. Exception- 
al opportunity for the right man, 
no other need apply. L. R., Box 752 
Richmond, Va. 

WANTED — MANAGEMENT OF STOCK 
or grain farm. Thoroughly compet- 
ent to take entire charge, in all 
branches. Good manager of labor 
and understands machinery. Best 
references for ability, etc. Address 
J. S. care Southern Planter. 



WANTED— POSITION BY PRACTI- 
cal poultryman, can plan, build and 
successfully run any size plant, best 
or reference furnished. Address F. T. 
care Southern Planter. 

HAVING SOLD MY HOME HERE, 
want position as farm manager. No 
fancy wages. Best references rrom 
people I have served. A. LonghbJr- 
ough, Leesburg, Va. 



PRACTICAL FARMER WANTS TO 
rent good farm from 100 to 300 acres 
in Virginia. Address with descrip- 
tion, B. A., care Southern Planter. 



WANTED, GOOD ALL-ROUND WHITE 
man for farm work, houses, etc., Iur- 
nished. Give age of self and family. 
Address E. G. Craig, Keswick, Va. 



WANTED POSITION ON POULTRY 
farm. Had three years experience. 
C. V. Campbell, Oliver, Va. 

IMPLEMENTS, MACHINERY, ETC. 



FOR SALE — ONE 10 H. P. STEAM 
traction engine, in good condition. 
Two inserted tooth circular saws, 40 
and 52-inch. One Geiser saw mill 
feed works. For further particulars 
address J. L. Garrett, Williamsburg, 
Va. 



FOR SALE — HANCOCK DISC PLOW 
either double or single, only plowe 
about twenty-four acres. Also one 
horse disc grain drill with fertilize 
and grass seed attachments. Bot 
as good as new. W. E. Cook, 'Crewe 
Va. 



FOR SALE. ONE 20-INCH OHIO FEED 
Cutter with 30 feet carrier. Machine 
in good condition and will sell 
cheap. Address Box 192, Richmond, 
Va. 



FOR SALE — ONE NO. 6 TUBULAR 
Sharpless Cream Separator, shop No. 
124512, never used, still in original 
crate. Cost $125; will sell for $75. 
Address, Virignia Portland Cement 
Co., Fordwick, Va. 



SEED, PLANTS, Etc 



SEED WHEAT "VIRGINIA PRO- 
lific." Smooth, great for the 
South; big yielder. " Malakoff 
Russian Wheat. Bearded, and other 
good kinds. Some "Reds" yet for 
sale. W. Shook. McGaheysville, Va 

CELERY PLANTS — STRONG, STOCKY 
plants. All varieties, $1.40 per 1,000. 
Cabbage, $1.00 per 1,000; 5,000, $3.50. 
F. W. Rochelle, Chester, New Jersey. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 



W 



RICHMOND 



WSSD 



VIRGINIA 



% SON, RICHMOND. Va. 
" Lumber, Laths, Shin- 
• srles, Sash, Blinds, 
Doors, Frames, 
Mouldings, Asphalt 
Roofing. Yards and 



FARMERS AND GENERAL STORE- 
keepers should employ us as con- 
sulting accountants. Bookkeeping 
systems devised, by mall, to suit 
your business. Advice on business 
propositions. Financial statements 
prepared. Annual contract. Charges 
moderate. Write for terms. Mer- 
cantile Audit Co., Box 49, Richmond, 
Va. 

RARE OPPORTUNITY FOR THOSE 
of limited means to enjoy the free 
advantages of Washington. Short- 
hand and typewriting included in 
home expenses, and positions found 
for students. To live in Washing- 
ton is a liberal education. Address 
Mrs. Novella Routt Reynolds, 1812 
Belmont Road, Washington D. C. 

TAMWORTH SERVICE BOAR AM- 
berdale 5427 for sale. Farrowed 
April, 1908. A good individual 
of good breeding. He is re- 
lated to most of my sows, or would 
keep him for own use. If sold this 
month, price $47.50. S. Graham Smith 
Dixondale, Va. 

WANTED— SWEET AND BLACK GUM 
Poplar, Maple, Sycamore and Birch 
logs sawed 15 to 30 inches in diam- 
eter, 32 to 52 inches long with bark. 
Manchester Basket Works, Manches- 
ter, Va. 

SEND ONE DOLLAR AND RECEIVE 
by return mail receipt to kill Lice 
on all fowls, young and old. This 
is not a fake, but a true and tried 
remedy. M. W. Litton, Meadow 
View, Va. 




SADDLERS. 



We are making special prices on 
fifteen high grade Saddle Mares; also 
Mule Mares, for the the next sixty 
days. If you want a saddler of any 
description, write us. 

J. F. COOK & CO., 
Lexington, Ky. 

THOROUGHBRED 

BERKSHIRE BOARS, 
JERSEY BULL CALVES, 
DORSET BUCK LAMBS. 

Sire of calves, FLYING FOX, 6S4S6, 
son of Flying Fox, who sold for $7,600 
at the Cooper sale, 1902. 

All 'stock in best condition and guar- 
anteed as represented. 

F. T. ENGLISH, Cemtrevllle, Md. 

FOR mOKGMN COLTS 



*nd Fillies and High-Brad Fox Hound 
Puppies. Address, 

Dr. JOHN D. MASSSNGILL, 
Blooafrtlle. 



King Co.. N. C., May 24, '09. 
I like the Southern Planter very 
much and would not be without it. 
W. I. BENNETT. 



buildings covering ten acres. 



Fairfax Co., Va., May 15, '09. 
I could not farm without the South- 
ern Planter. I. D. RICHARDS. 



Prince Edward Co., Va., May 20, '09. 
I could not afford to do without the 
Southern Planter It is worth a great 
deal to the farmer of to-day. 

J. J. GILLIAM. 



800 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 




Ft. Lewis Stock Farm 

THE BEST PLACE TOR BLOOD AND REGISTERED 

BERKSHIRES 

White Leghorn, mil breeds of Plymouth Rock, Black 
Minorca and Rhode Island Red Fewls. Eggs from these 
pure-blooded birds for sale. 

DR. W. L. NOLEN, PROPRIETOR, SALEM. VA. 




GOOD HOUSEKEEPING. 

Chicken Croquettes. 
Boil one chicken and one pair of 
brains or sweet breads till tender. 
Then mince very fine or run through 
the meat chopper. Make a sauce of 
one pint of rich milk, one heaping ta- 
blespoon of flour, one-half teaspoon 
of onion juice, one teaspoon of salt, 
half teaspoon of cayenne pepper, three 
tablespoons of butter, one of chopped 
parsley; add more salt if needed, and 
pour the sauce over the chopped 
meat; mix thoroughly and set on ice 
to cool, then make into shapes; roll 
in beaten egg, then in crumbs, and fry 
in very hot lard. 

Salmon Croquettes. 
One can of salmon picked to pieces, 
two cups of creamed potatoes, one tea- 
spoon of minced parsley, one-fourth 
teaspoon cayenne pepper, one tea- 
spoon Worcestershire sauce. Make a 
sauce of one cup of cream, two table- 
spoons of butter, one tablespoon of 
flour; boil and pour over the salmon, 
adding the juice of a lemon; form 
into croquettes, and fry to a light 
brown, first rolling in raw egg and 
then in crumbs. 

Hash. 
This much despised dish may be 
made into a very delightful one with 
a little care and skill. Put into a 
sauce pan two cups of water; let 
it boil; add to it one heaping spoon 
of flour, mixed first with a small 
quantity of cold water; let it bo> 
then add two teaspoons of salt, half 
a teaspoon of pepper, and two table- 
spoons of butter. Chop fine cold 
meat removing all the gristly pieces, 
add a little chopped parsley, and a 
slice of onion. Pour over it the hr 
dressing and let it all boil up once. 
Have some slices of buttered toast 
in a meai. platter; pour the bash over 
them and serve very hot — for break- 
fast or lunch. 

Hyden Salad. 
One peck of cabbage chopped fine, 
one-half peck of green tomatoes, one 
quart of green pepper chopped, one 
quart of chopped onions. Sprinkle 
a pint of salt over these and let them 
stand over night. The next morning 
pour boiling water over and squeeze 
dry. Take four ounces ginger, eight 
tablespoons of ground mustard, two 
ounces of cinnamon, two ounces clov- 
es, three ounces tumberic, three ounc- 
es celery seed, four pounds brown 
sugar, four teaspoons of salt, one gal- 
lon of vinegar; mix all and boil fif- 
teen minutes. Poor over the vegeta- 
ble and boil slowly for an hour. Then 




Herd headed by Lord Premier 3d, 96773, Predominant 94342 and Eminent 
Premier 118253. Lord Premier 3d is a great son of Lord Premier 50001 and a 
brother in blood to Lord Premier's Rival. Predominant Is a very handsome 
son of the grand champion Premier Longfellow 68600 and Eminent Premier 
Is a grandson of both Lord Premier and Masterpiece. Our sows are bred 
along the same lines and are auperb individuals. 

Also Forfarshlre-Oolden Lad Jerseys. Write for catalogue. 



DR. J. D. KIRK, 



ROANOKE, 



VIRGINIA. 



CHOICE BERKSHIRE PIGS of the BEST BLOOD and QUALITY 

If you want a pair or trio of pigs 
from the best and most prolific strains 
of Berkshires, write me. My sows 
are of the best blood of the breed, 
being daughters and granddaughters 
of Premier Longfellow, Baron Duke 
the 50th, and the noted Huntress. 

Their litters are by my great herd 
boars, Hunter of Biltmore 3d, and 
Earhart's Model Premier. 

These boars are a big, fancy type, 
are of the best prize-winning blood of 
the world and their pigs are the kind that will make you money. 

Let me quote you prices on first-class pigs and ready-for-service boars. 
I ship everything subject to your examination and approval and my prices 
are reasonable. Address, 

D. E. EARHART, Bristow, Va. 




For Sale 

BERKSHIR E GILTS 
JERSEY BULL 

Forest Home Farm, 

Purcellville, Va. 



HiLLCREST FARM BERKSHIRES 




Herd's Hours — Master's Compensa- 
tion No. 04346; Sallle Lee's Last of 
Biltmore No. 111,687. 

We have some extra good pigs, from 
two to six months old, and the boar 
pigs are good enough to head any 
herd. 

The above pigs are out of daughter 
and granddaughter of Premier Long- 
fellow, Masterpiece and Lord Premi- 
er and such other noted Berkshires. 

All stock as represented, or money 
refunded. 
W. It. FESSOM. Richmond, Va. 



1909,] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



801 



MORVEN PARK 



i 




\ 



The Property of WESTMORELAND DAVIS, Esq 



WE WILL EXHIBIT OUR 



Guernsey Cattle, Yorkshire 
Swine, Dorset Sheep and Per- 

CheronS at the show of the LOUDOUN 
HEAVY DRAFT AND AGRICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION, to be held at Leesburg, Va., 
September ist and 2nd. 1909. 1" A magnificent 
exhibit of high class animals is annually made at 
Leesburg, and those desiring grade drafters of 
high quality will have a large number of animals 
to select from which are for sale by the farmers at 
reasonable prices. 




FOS FURTHER PARTICULARS ADDRESS 



Live Stock Dept., Morven Park Estate, Leesburg, Va. 



802 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



[August, 




BREEDING EWES 

BUY EARLY. 

Improve your farm and swell your bank account by stocking with 
Breeding Ewes. We are in position to sell you nood r*ure-Bred Bucks 
and Feeding Lambs, alBo Feed no SUers. stock cattle and yearlings. 
Now is the time to buy, ana in the spring and summer will sell your 
f't cattle sheep and lambs at best market prices. We will sell you 
stock that will make you good money. Write us 

McComb & Block 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS 

For Sale of CATTLE, SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, CALVES AND FRESH COWS 
Best of reference furnished 
OFFICE AND PENS: Established 1890. P. O. BOX 483 

UNION STOCK YARDS, RICHMOND, VA. Phones: Office 1394, Residence 3224 



set aside in the kettle and put into 
the jars the next day. 

Green Grape Jelly. 

Gather the grapes just before they 
are ripe; pick them from the stem 
and wash carefully. Put them into 
a granite kettle with water enough 
to half cover them and boil to rags. 
Turn them into a bag and let the 
juice drip out. Measure and weigh 
one pound of sugar to each pint of 
juice. Set the juice on the fire, and 
put the sugar in a pan in the stove 
to heat. Let the jelly come to a boil 
and boil ten minutes; then put in the 
hot sugar and boil ten minutes longer, 
Try it, and if it is not jellied, boil 
still longer. 

Cider Wine. 

Take the cider from the press and 
add to one gallon three pounds of 
sugar; put it into a cask or demijohn 
and let it ferment. Fill up every day, 
as it ferments. Let it stand fifteen 
days; cork tightly. Let it stan 
three months and bottle and seal up. 
This is a beautiful and useful wine. 
CARAVEN. 



REDUCED PRICES ON 



NOTES FROM FAIRFAX COUNTY, 

VIRGINIA. 
Editor Southern Planter: 

Fairfax county does not seem to 
have h much space in your columns 
of late. There seems to be but little 
of interest to communicate, therefore, 
I have not inflicted your readers for 
sometime. 

The last half of June and up to 
date in July has been quite dry. It 
is getting rather too dry for the gar- 
den crops; and corn, in spots, is be- 
ginning to suffer. But signs of rain 
are plentiful at present, and we. are 
likely to have an ample supply with- 
in twenty-four hours. 

The wheat and rye have, been har- 
vested and stacked in fine condition. 
The acreage rather larger than usual, 
the yield yet to be determined, but 
from all indications is only a fair 
average; still it counts for more this 
year on account of higher prices. 

Oats are cut, and the crop is short, 
both in straw and in grain. Early 
potatoes are ripe, but rather a short 
yield, owing to dry weather. 

A larger acreage of the cowpea or 



BRED BERKSHIRE GILTS 




for next SO days only. 

The panic drove hundreds of breed- 
ers out of business. The next twelve 
months will see them tumbling ever 
one another to get back — as the de- 
mand and prices advance. I staid in 
the boat, kept up my herd and adver- 
tisements, hence am well equipped for 
orders. My Berkshire^ are as fine aa 
the world can produce. Price In easy 
reach of everyone. Scores of pics ready 
for shipment. 



THOS. S. WHITE, 



("•tMtfern Stock Farm. 



LEXINGTON, VA. 



TT^ C I Two Well Bred Jersey 

-■. v/I sJr C&JLC7! Bulls, 6 $ 12 months old 

Two-year-old and Yearling Guernsey Bulls. 

Two grade Red Polled Heifers, one with Heifer Calf; other soon due. 

BERKSHIRE AND YORKSHIRE PIGS 

All in good condition and ready to ship. 

M. B. Rowe $ Co., ■*!£*£"* 



Dual Purpose Shorthorns For Sale 

The Waverly herd of Shorthorns recently sold with the farm has been placed 
in my hands to sell as the present owner will start a large dairy with Holsteins. 
These are highly bred cattle, heavy milkers and guaranteed sound and breeders. 
Twelve cows and heifers in calf, three young bulls, and four heifer calves. Come 
and see them, or write for list. It is an opportunity in a thousand to get dual- 
purpose Shorthorns at a reasonable price. 

LESLIE? D. KLINE, Vnucluse, Va. 



A RARE CHANCE 

To secure a grand Jt-rsoy Bull. 
"IUNORA'S RIOTER" OF ST. LAMBERT, 60,478. 

Bred at Bowmont Farms, Va. Sire, Rioter of St. L. Jr., 56580 with many 
tested daughters. Dam, King's Rinora of St. L. 163512, withwith o cial test of 
20 lbs., 2 oz. in seven days when only three years old. Address 
EVERGREEN FARMS, W. B. Gates. Prop. RICE DEPOT, VA. 



When corresponding with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



803 




Allandale Registered Jerseys 



for sale; 



LORD BUCKINGHAM 81711. Sire, Linden Fox 
73420, a Grandson of the $7,500 Flying Fox. Dam, the 
Great Imported C«w ROSALIE OF QROUVILLE 
197630. Born April 5, 1908. 

An unusually nan Isome young bull, now readv for 
service, comb ning the acme of fashionable breeding 
along pre-eminent show and dairy lines with a perfect 
conformation and fine style. Broad and intelligent 
forehea 1 , a small muzzle; bright, prominent eyes; a 
perfe.t back line superb tail setting; rudimentaries well 
developed and beautifully placed. 



A FEW SELECT COWS 
FOR SALE 

Rich in the blood of Golden Fern's Lad, King Koffee, 
Imported Fox, Stoke Pogis of Prospect. Tormentor and 
other noted sires, and with calf to IMPORTED STOCK- 
W'E L, the sensational $11 500 00 bull: EMINENT'S 
GOLDMONT LAD, the w.nner of 14 blues and Cham- 
pionships and never beaten in the show ling, and the 
great young Golden Fern's Lad bull MONA'S HAND- 
SOME FERN. 



WE HAVE THE GOODS, AND WE PROPOSE 
TO MAKE PRICES TO GET THE BUSINESS 

Allandale Farm, = Fredericksburg, Va. 



804 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Hygeia Herd 

Pure-Bred Holstein-Friesians 

It is no more expensive to maintain a good bull at the head of your herd than a poor one, 
and the former is certainly worth many times his cost. Therefore, write for pedigree and price on 
one of the richly bred bulls which this herd now offers for sale. 

Addrciai W. F. Carter, Jr., Agent. Crozet, Albemarle County, Virginia. w. Fltzhugh Carter, SI. D., Owner. 

The breed holds the milk and butter records of the world; the herd embraces some 

of its best families. 



black pea has been sown than usual, 
as that leguminous friend of the 
farmer is coming more into general 
favor every year. 

Several of the larger farmers let 
their stock harvest the pea crop at the 
right stage; others grow it entirely to 
renovate the land; still others grow it 
for forage; but too few are saving 
their own seed, hence the price which 
we have to pay for. the seed. This 
year the price has been all the way 
between $1.75 and $3 per bushel. 

We grow it in a samll way, because 
our farm is small — only 20 acres — and 
only 10 acres in cultivation. Peter 
Henderson, long ago, said: "Ten 
acres is enough," and we are quite pre- 
pared to agree with him; as there is 
much labor required even on 10 acres. 

We have sown the pea, in the corn 
at last working of the corn; sowing it 
ahead of the cultivator, and then 
sowed crimson clover behind the cul- 
tivator, depending upon the rains to 
bury the same. We have sown a por- 
tion of our land to the pea, for a large 
crop, and mixed in a little of the "Soy" 
bean with it to hold it up from the 
ground, as the "Soy," like the natives 
where it originated, has quite a bit of 
back bone; and when sown with the 
pea, keeps it up somewhat from the 
ground, so that it can be more easily 
cut with mowing machine or by hand. 

We have also sown some of the seed 
in drills, to save our seed for next 
year, and have also planted a small 
portion in hills, for the same purpose 
using a little well composted stable 
manure under the latter just to see 
how the pea will respond to good 
treatment and stand up under a little 
prosperity. 

The great question is how to cut, 
cure and save the crop both for the 
"long" and "short forage;" both of 
which are sadly needed in these days 
of extraordinary high prices prevailing 
for hay, oats, corn and all sorts of 
feed. We shall use the following sim- 
ple method, which can be easily, 
cheaply and safely done by any one 
having a small crop to harvest, as the 
cost is practically nothing, and the 
idea is not patented. 

We take 4 super-annuated bean 
poles, just because we happen to have 
them on hand, tie them together at 
the top, with a stout cord or short 
piece of wire, spread the butts of the 



BIG MILKING, HIGH-GRADE: OR REGISTERED 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN COWS 

Are what the South needs. We furnish the kind that nil the pall every 
time they are milked. They are "mortgage lifters." Don't keep unprofitable 
scrubs. Send for free circular, "Cow Boarders." 

We furnish cows that 
will give from 7 t» 10 



| gals, per day and 5,000 
II to 6,000 qts. a year. 
*; We recently sold 
• Sweet Briar Institute, 
I? Sweet Briar, Va., a car 
| of high-grade Holsteln 
1 Cows. Go and look at 
I them. They are fairly 
I representative of what 
| we offer. 

■J We are responsible 
and furnish the highest 
Two "Mortgage Lifters" — Milk Records of 12,000 lbs. references. 
Each a Year. 

All mail orders will receive the same attention as If personally selected. 
Write to-day stating wants. 

mica, N. Y. 




THE SYRACUSE BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION, 



THE HOLLINS HERD 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS 

A WORKING HERD, WORKING EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR. 

Holsteins are thhe BEST because. 

Holsteins are larger and healthier than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins produce larger and healthier calves than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins yield more milk than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins yield more butter fat than other dairy breeds; 

Holsteins produce milk that can be kept longer and shipped farther 

than that of other dairy breeds; 
Holsteins produce milk more easily digested that that of other dairy 

breeds; 
Holsteins are found in more countries, they occupy more territory and 
they probably produce more milk, cheese and butter than all 
otbers Combined. 
Registered Bull Calves Out of Heavy Producing Cows for sale. 
JOS. A. TURNER, Gen. Mgr., Holllns Institute, Va. 



MEADOW FARM DAIRY 



PURE 
BRED 



Holstein-Friesians. 



A WORKING HERD OF SEVENTY-FIVE 
REGISTERED COWS-ALL FIRST=CLASS 



Young Males and Females for Sale. 



Address J. P. TAYLOR, 

l range, Virginia. 



iy<)9.] 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER. 



805 



REGISTERED DUROC-JERSEYS. 



Shipped on Approval 



A Choice lot of pisr« now ready for delivery. 

These pigs were farrowed early in May and at just 
three months old weigh from 80 to. 90 lbs. each, in 
farm condition. With good treatment they can easily 
be made to weigh when one year old from 400 to 500 
lbs. each. 

I give a positive guarantee with every pig I ship. 
You need not send money until after you receive the 
pigs and if they are not entirely satisfactory you can 
return them at my expense and it costs you nothing. 
Can only furnish a limited number of sows. Address 

JOHN E. SHEPHERD, "Hill Crest," 

Charlottesville, Va. 




poles about one foot apart each way, 
making a little pyramid, so to speak. 
We go to the nearby mill and secure, 
at no expense, except the hauling, 
short pieces or strips of waste lumber, 
about 5 feet in length. We nail 4 of 
these strips together in the form of a 
square, making the square large 
enough to fit the pyramid, just about 
a foot from the ground. These four 
boards project, about two feet each 
way, and up these projecting ends we 
stack the peas, in small forkfulls, 
building the miniature stack a foot or 
two higher than the top of the poles. 
Then, after it settles, top it off >n 
good shape and it will stand almost 
any kind of bad weather, until it is 
convenient or desirable to haul them 
in. The little stacks are off from the 
ground and there is an air chamber 
up the centre. The expense is prac- 
tically nothing. 

Until o?ie has learned by actual ex- 
perience, he does not fully appreciate 
the value of the pea both for "long 
and short forage." It is truly and 
really the best friend the Southern 
farmer has. A liberal steady use of 
the same, will enable our farmers tc 
dispense largely with commercial fer- 
tilizers. 

We do not mean hope or expect to 
get along entirely without the "fertil- 
izer" or "manure in sacks;" but we 
can reduce that item of expense at 
least one-half, and double the produc- 
tive capacity of our soil. The pea is 
a safe friend to tie to. 

As we write, the rain is falling in 
a slow easy drizzle, and it seems as 
if the dry spell was broken. 

A. JEFFERS. 

Fairfax county, Va. 



Campbell Co., V., May 26, '09. 
I could not do without the Southern 
Planter and think every farmer 
should have it in his home. 

BOLING JONES. 



100 SELECT 

Duroc-Jersey Pigs 

Our thirty brood sows have farrowed and we are now offering about one-half 
of our crop of pigs to the farmers for breeders. We are offering only the best of 
each litter, about the best four from each litter, guaranteeing to the purchaser 
the best and most thrifty pigs; the others we will convert into pork. 

The thirty sows, the dams of the pigs offered, are exceptionally fine as in- 
dividuals and in breeding. They were carefully selected for uniformity and high 
quality; they are large, growthy sows of the right type. _ t i 

Our three herd boars are the equal of any, in fact three better boars would 
be hard to find, their breeding is the BEST. 

Our farms contain about 1,000 acres and our hogs have free range over the 
best blue grass and clover pastures, nothing is kept in small lots or pens. Ani- 
mals intended for breeders should be confined as little as possible. 

The next year or two hogs are going to bring good money. Now is the time 
to get started. We can sell you any number, male or female and not akin. We 
guarantee satisfaction or return your money. 

We HAVE the largest herd in the East. Buv where you have plenty to se- 
lect from and make your own selection if possible, but if unable to do so and 
it is left to us, we will guarantee to please you. 

WARREN RICE, Va«oHise Station. Virginia. 



DUROC SWINE FOR SALE 

One hundred and fifty pigs and shoats, bred sows and g-ilts and young boars 
and a few service boars for sale. Send for new circular and "Duroc Facts," just 
out. Before buying pigs, write us for quotations. 

The Duroc is the most prolific and the most popular hog in America to-day. 
W e have the largest herd in the East and can furnish you any line of breeding 
desired, at reasonable prices. 

LESLIE D. KLINE, Vauclnse, Va. 



BILTMORE FARMS 

4 CHOICE, HIGHLY BRED BULL CALVES OUT OF 

OUTSTANDING COWS WITH GOOD 

BUTTER TESTS. 

A few Heifer Calves — the Biltmore kind. Bargain list of White Wyan- 
dottes and Brown Leghorns, and young Barred Blymouth Rocks, 190S hatch. 
For price list address 

BILTMORE FARMS 

R. F. D. 2, Biltmore, N. C. 



806 



THE SOUTHEKN PLANTER 



[August, 



ENQUIRERS' COLUMN. 

All inquiries must reach us by the 
15th of the month previous to the 
issue, or they cannot be answered un- 
til the month following. 



Tennessee Phosphate Rock. 

I always read Prof. Massey's arti- 
cle in your valuable paper, with great 
Interest. What he has to say in re- 
gard to Tennessee raw phosphate 
rock interests me mostly, because 1 
have been thinking of using it in 
place of acid phosphate. He speaks 
of it being best when plenty of vege- 
table matter is in the soil. Would 
you advise using it on run down land, 
which I want to seed down with crim- 
son clover this fall? If so, how much 
should be used per acre? Is it best 
to put the rook in the soil some time 
before seeding? 

CHARLES G. DEISSNER. 

Surry Co., Va. 

Tennessee phosphate rock (Raw- 
phosphate), is giving excellent results 
on Virginia lands, but is much slower 
in set on than acid phosphate, unless 
there is an abundance oof vegetable 
matter in the soil when the humic 
acid of the decaying vegetable mat- 
ter acts upon it like the sulphuric acid 
does upon me raw rock when it is be- 
ing made into acid phosphate in the 
factory. If applied before the seeding 
of the crimson clover, it will act 
slo> in uiing that crop, but when 
the clover is turned down, will then 
become more available and greatly 
help the following crops. Apply from 
300 to 500 pounds to the acre. — Ed 

Johnson Grass. 
Can you inform your readers — my- 
self among them — how to get rid o! 
"ji ihn.- • Grass?" If you can, please 
set it forth in your valuable magazine 
NEW SUBSCRIBER. 
Charlotte Co., Va. 

Johnson grass can be got rid of any 
where where there is sharp and con 



OVERTON HALL FARM 



NASHVILLE. TENN. 

WILL SELL AT 

PUBLIC AUCTION ON SEPT. 2nd 

40 SELECTED BROOD SOWS AND BRED GILTS. 

Every sow guaranteed to be safe in pig on the day sold or 
money refunded and in addition 10 open gilts and young 
boars. The most fashionable strains of Berkshires repre- 
sented. Service boars, Champion O. H. F. Sensation and 

his colleagues. For catalogues 



ADDRESS 



J. M. OVERTON 



NASHVILLE 



TENNESSEE 



Someone is going to get a first-class Angus herd header at 

SUNNY HOME FARM 

this coming fall. Sire a Jilt, son of the great Erica bull Imported Equestor. 

Dam sired by the world-famous Gay Blackbird (the sire of the $3,050 
Gay Lad that was champion of America during 1895-96). Second dam, a Nose- 
gay daughter of the great Beau Bill, champion during 1894 and sire of the 
dam of Vala, probably the most popular Angus female ever in the American 
Show Ring. 

Imported Equestor's sire was Equestrian, one of the greatest bulls ever 
at •'Ballendalloch." 

Don't wait for the other fellow to get this first class bull, the product 
of the greatest champions of two continents, but write and have him booked 
for you at once. Write 



A. L. FRENCH, Owner, 



Byrdville, Va. 



ROSE DALE HERD 
ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE 




We offer to the farmers and breeders of the East strictly choice 
Young Registered Bulls from weanlings to serviceable age. They 
are of the straight, broad-backed, low-down, compact, blocky type. 
Many of them show ring animals. They represent the blood of Mas- 
ter II., of Meadow Brook; Gay Lord, Jr.; Heather Lad II., Zaire V., 
Ermine Bearer, Blackbird of Corskie IV., Black Abbott, Abbottsford, 
Coquette X., Etc. 

They are well grown out, in thrifty condition, but not pampered. 
Ct>me and see them or write us your wants. Prices right. We can 
please you. Angus cattle are our specialty. We raise no other 
stock but give them our undivided personal attention. 

To avoid inbreeding we offer an exceptionally goed herd bull. 
Write for particulars. Address 

ROSEDALE STOCK FARMS, JEFFERSONT0N, VA. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



807 




Pure Bred SHEEP, HOGS 

Cattle and Poultry 




I am now prepared to ship promptly, Choice Ram 
and Ewe Lambs, Yearling and older Rams of the 
following breeds of Pure Bred Sheep: 

Shropshire, Hampshire, Dorset, Southdown 
and Delaine. 

Farmers, you should place your orders early, since 
prices will be higher in the fall. 

I have an exhibition 200-pound Shropshire Ram as 
fine as they grow; price, $50; Registered. 

Imported 4-year-old Minton Ram, $70, and he is 
a fine specimen of the Shropshire breed. Write to-day. 

SPECIAL HOG BARGAINS. — 300-lb. Duroc-Jersey 
Sow, with third litter of nine pigs, four weeks old; 
price of sow and pigs, $60. 200-lb. Duroc-Jersey 
Service Boar, not related to above sow, $25. Regis- 



tered 250-lb. Berkshire Service Boar, a fine breeder, 
$30. Registered Three-year-old Poland-China Sow, 
bred to registered boar, none better bred; price, $50. 
Second litter Registered Poland China Sow, bred to 
registered boar; price, $40. 

I have other young sows bred for first litters; 
also young Service Boars, and two-, three- and four- 
mouths'-old Pigs of the following breeds, and can 
ship promptly. BerkNhires, Poland-Chinas, Chester 
Whites, Yorkshires, Duroc-Jerseys, and Tamworths. 

Address, 

JAMES M. HOBBS 

1521 Ml Royal Avenue, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Pure Bred Poultry and Eggs for Sale at all Times. 



tlnuous frost for a month in the win- 
ter, as the roots cannot stand freezing 
when exposed to the frost. In Vir- 
ginia it should not be allowed to go 
to seed in the summer, but be cut for 
tiav v hen Rbout to come into 
bloom or a little before this time. It 
makes very fair hay, which stock will 
eat readily. When it is allowed to 
seed it soon gets spread over the 
farm and this is the way in which it 
is mostly spread in this State. After 
cutting it for hay then plow it up deep 
ly and throw the roots on to the top 
and keep them there through the win- 
ter by frequently harrowing the land 
with ^ sp'fee tooth or spring tooth 
harrow. After they have been frozen 
rake them off and burn and harrow 
again and rake off and burn. Then 
put the land in a hoed crop and dig 
out every plant of the grass which 
starts to grow in the crop. If neces- 
sary ijppn in a ho»d crop two years, 
and the trouble will be ended. In the 
further South it is very difficult to 
exterminate the grass on account of 
the absence of frost, but there the 
grass is in may section's the best hay 
grass they can grow, and if not al- 
lowed to seed, it can be confined to 
the field where it is supplying a need 
in the way of hay. — Ed. 



Moore's Brook Berkshire Herd 



FOR SALE— HERD BOARS, BRED 
Sows; best lot of Spring Pigs we 
have ever raised; all pigs prize win- 
ners or through descendants. Come 
and see them or send us your mail 
order. It will receive our best at- 
tention. 




MOORE'S BROOK SANITARIUM CO., Charlottesville, Va. 



HILL TOP STOCK 

We have for sale a limited number of Yearling Southdown and Shrop- 
shire Bucks, and some good barn Lambs of each of the above breeds. 

Have also a few good Berkshire Pigs. 

Have some fine Fox Hound Puppies (of pure Walker strain). 

We are prepared, too, to furnish a few Yearling Bucks of either Hamp- 
shire or Oxford breeds, at as low a price as same class of bucks can be 
sold anywhere. 

H. A. S. HAMILTON & SONS, SHADWELL, VIRGINIA. 



Seeding Crimson Clover. 

When is the best time for seeding 
crimson clover on light sand soil in 
Eastern North Carolina? The land is 
now in corn and peas. Also, what 
nnantitv per acre? The land was 
limed last summer. Will it require 
any extra fertilizer? If so, what 
analysis would you recommend? 

W. M. CORBETT. 

Sampson Co., N. C. 

You can seed it in the cowpeas 
from July to September and it will do 
well unless the peas are a very heavy 
crop. If this be the case, then let 
the peas die down before seeding the 
clover and sow it in the fallen vines. 



Milton Farm Berkshires 

Herd Boars — Premier of Milton 113579; Duke of Kensington, 83046. 

Pigs from 8 weeks to 6 months, $10 and upwards. Mated pairs, $18 and 
upwards. 



JOHN E. MUNCASTER, 



R. F. D. No. 4. ROCKVILLE, MD. 



YOPG REGISTERED HACKNEYS 



FOR 
SALE. 



Two Registered Hackney Fillies, sired by General II., color, chestnut, two 
and three years old, respectively; and one Handsome Registered Hackney 
Stallion, by Hedrick (no kin to the fillies). These animals are especially 
breedy, well formed, and a good size for their ages. Address — 
T. O. SANDY, BURKEVILLE, VA. 



Always mention The Southern 
Planter when writing advertisers. 



Tell the advertiser where you saw 
.his advertisement. 



808 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



If the peas are cut for hay, then disc 
the land and sow the crimson clover 
and narrow in lightly. Sow fifteen 
pounds of seed per acre; or, if sowr 
late, sow twelve pounds of crimson 
clover seed and three pecks of wheat, 
oats and rye mixed in equal parts. 
This will protect the clover and en- 
sure a cover for the land if the clover 
be winter killed. Two hundred and 
fifty pounds of acid phosphate per 
acre will help the clover. — Ed. 



Making Cider Vinegar. 

Can you tell me in the next number 
of The Southern Planter how I can 
make apple cider turn to vinegar. I 
have two lots of cider, one three 
years old, and the other two, and it 
is now simply very hard cider. 

Fairfax Co., Va. ANXIOUS. 

Write to the Director of the Ex- 
periment Station, Blacksburg, Va., 
and ask him to send you the Bulle 
tins they have published on Cider 
Vinegar Making These will give you 
the information you desire. — Ed. 



Grass and Corn Growing in Albemarle 
County, Virginia. 

I want to know what your advice 
would be for fertilizing that chocolate 
Albemarle county, Virginia, loam so 
as to produce five tons of grass and 
one hundred bushels of corn per acre. 

I see a lot in the trade papers about 
four to six tons of grass per acre and 
from one hundred to one hundred and 
fifty bushels of corn. It seems to me 
that if this is possible it is merely 
a question of dollars and cents. If 
the increased crops amount to more 
dollars than the cost of producing it 
is a good proposition. If it is the 
other way, it is not. C. E. BLUE. 

Albemarle Co., Va. 

I have farmed successfully in Albe- 
marle, but never made five tons of 
grass hay per acre, even on the fer- 
tile bottoms of Meechums River, and 
I have serious doubts about five tons 
of grass hay being made anywhere 
unless at a cost that would exclude 
the matter of profit. But that good 
crops of hay and even one hundred 
bushels -of corn can be made on Al- 
bemarle lands I have no doubt. 

But it will not be done with com- 
mercial fertilizers, and no matter how 
much of these you may put. on a piece 
of run down land you will not get it 
productive all at once. When I was 
farming in Albemarle I was told that 
it was absolutely necessary to keep 
the steep hills in grass as long as 
possible to prevent their washing 
away. But I looked around me and 
I saw many fields that had not been 
broken for a generation and were full 
of deep gullies that had started on 
cattle tracks, and I came to the con- 
clusion that I would practice a shorter 
rotation, plow deep and subsoil deep- 
er, and get good grass, and would 
turn it while still good to get fibrous 
material into the soil to prevent wash- 



THE P. & A. MOUTH SPECULUM 



HAND 



FORGED 




Simplest, Strongest, Safest. 



Capable of sustaining Immense 
pressure — two sets of dental plates — 
Interchangeable — Introduced like ordin- 
ary bit — Can not possibly close of its 
own acord, or by Jerking of the ani- 
mal's head — Easily taken apart — 
weighs about four pounds. 
Price, Net, $9.00. 

Write for catalogue of Veterinary 
Instruments, also catalogues of "Easy 
to Use" Instruments for cattle, for the 
horse, etc. 

POWERS $ ANDERSON, Inc.. 30 N. 9th St., RICHMOND, Va. 3 

VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, SURGICAL. SUPPLIES, ETC. 



EXCELLENT 

SHORTHORN HEIFERS AND BULLS. 

By the Scotch tapped Bull, Royal Lad (advertised by th» old reliable breed- 
ers, P. S. Lewis tc Son, as the best bull ever bred oa their farm) by the 
International winner, Frantic Lad, sea of The Lad fer Me, champion ef 
Arirerlca in 1909. Also a few fresh Shorthorn Cows. 

Pure Tearling SOUTHDOWN RAMS by Senater, a prise winrrer la Can- 
ada aa a lamb and a yearling. He was bred by Hon. George Drummead, the 
foremost Southdown breeder In America. 

R. J. HANCOCK * SON, "HllersUe," CharlotteavlUe, Ta>- 



JERSEYS and BERKSHIRES. 

Sows bred due to farrow in September. A few fresh cows and some due to 
fresh in September. Nice lot S. C. B. Leghorn Cockerels and Pullets for 
sale. 

RIVER VIEW FARM, C. M. BASS, Proprietor, 
Rice Depot, Virginia. 




FLY REMOVER saved $75.00 



In Milk for a Customer 
who used it 



On Five Cows In 90 Days 

Kills and keeps off animals; Flies. Mosquitoes Ticks, Lice and Insects. Cows 
give 23 per cent more milk, as they are protected and feed quietly all day. Horses 
work and drive better. Hogs and poultry are free from lice. Used for years by 
same dairyman No Gad Flies or Warbles if it is used. 

*nAf»io| 3f..naV f)ffor 1 K al - 11.00, 3 gal. $2.75, 6 gal. $4.1>6. 10 gal. $8.00, 25 gal. $18.00, 60 pL 
0p06iai *U«ua» VIIOI | 32 .i)0. Hand eprayer to apply 1 1, 6fio. 4-gal. compressed air oprayer and 
whitewasher for applying in largo dairies, $5.00. 1 gal. will protect 30(1 cowb. Money returned If animals are 
not promoted. Terms Cash. Booklet Frea. Rippley fllfg. Co., Dept. V, Grafton, III. 



SMITH SHOCK BINDER 




Patented July 16. 1907. 
Saves Labor, Time and Corn. 

REFERENCES: Planters National 
Bank, Richmond, Va. 



Far in the lead of all com- 
petitors for effectiveness, 
simplicity, durability, handi- 
ness and cheapness. Made 
of the best wood, steel and 
Maniila Rope.- and will last 
for yeara- ONLY ONE MAN 
required to operate it, and 
he alone «an bind a shock a 
minute. Saves binder twine 
and your corn shocks will 
not fall or be blown down, 
or set wet inside. No farm- 
er can afford to be without 
this Labor Saving: Implement. 
One day's use will pay for 
it. Order the Binder TO- 
DAY, and if you are not sat- 
isfied, return it. and we will 
refund your money. 

Sent express prepaid for 
$1.75. Affents wanted. 



THE SMITH SHOCK BINDER CO., RICHMOND. VA. 



Nottoway Co., Va., April 26, '09. 
I have been greatly benefitted by 
the Southern Planter and enjoy read- 
ing same. MATHEW SMITH. 



Mercer Co., W. Va., April 19, '09. 
I never fail to put in a good word 
for the Southern Planter. I could not 
farm without it. H. B. BARBOD. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



809 



BLACK-DRAUGHT 



For Man or Beast 

Black-Draught Liniment is the up-to-date, penetrat- 
ing, pain-relieving, antiseptic, healing remedy, that acts 
so quickly on the pains and wounds of man or beast. 

Try it for pains, strains, bruises, lameness, stiff joints, 
rheumatism, cuts, wounds, stings, bites, and, in addition, 
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BIRDWOOD STOCK FARM, Birdwood, Albemarle County, Va. ffia 






810 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[Augusi 



ing, keeping the land in cultivation 
but one season and then with a sown 
crop back to grass and clover. 1 
broke steep hills of poverty grass, 
and subsoiled in the fall and got the 
finest stand of grass with oats that 
had been seen in the neighborhood 
and no new gullies formed but old 
ones checked. Now, if you will fol- 
low a good short rotation on theso 
Albemarle lands you can finally make 
one hundred bushels of corn per acre, 
and on upland, too, for that red clay 
is all soU down to the fast rock if 
you get it aerated and sweetened. 
They told me that lime was not need- 
ed on that soil, but I used carloads 
from the Valley and got fine results 
from it, making clover on rocky hills 
as heavy as on the bottom lands. 
What is needed is not extravagant ex- 
penditure that will make crops cost 
more than they are worth, but syste- 
matic farming to make the soil pay 
its way to better things. I would not 
be afraid to break any of the steep 
hills of Albemarle once in four years 
for a hoed crop following a sod, for 
the more frequently a good sod is 
turned down the more humus making 
material you get in the soil, and with 
a soil well filled with organic decay 
and deeply plowed and subsoiled 
every time it is broken the less it 
wi 1 ! be inclined to wash. Of course,, 
there are level bottom lands on which 
I do not think subsoiling will do much 
good and only a deep turning is need- 
ed. I would practice on the uplands 
a rotation somewhat like this: Be- 
ginning with corn on a turned sod in 
the fall on which crimson clover seed 
has been sown, or even rye, as a win- 
ter cover, I would, of course, replow 
in the spring and plant corn and disc 
the land fine on the surface, but would 
not replow deeply after the corn, and 
would sow wheat with ten pounds of 
timothy per acre. In early spring 1 
would sow ten pounds of medium red 
clover per acre. After the rag weeds 
start on the stubble, I would mow 
the whole over to give the clover a 
chance, and the following spring 
wou'd spread twenty-five bushels of 
lime per acre on the clover before 
growth starts and run a smoothing 
harrow over. Mow the grass and 
clover two seasons and the second sea- 
son get out in fall and winter or any 
time after the grass is cut all the ma- 
nure you can make. I should have 
said that on the wheat the only crop 
I would use any fertilizer on I would 
apply four hundred pounds per acre 
of acid phosphate only. Then, after 
manuring a sod, I would repeat the 
rotation, beginning again with corn. 
I would not pasture any of the culti- 
vated fields, but would have a stand- 
ing pasture. I would aid the hills 
if I had some good bottom land by 
planting corn on the bottom for sil- 
age and sowing crimson clover among 
it, cut this for hay and turn again for 
silage corn every year and get for- 
age and feed for stock to make ma- 
nure for the uplands. Feeding stock 



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1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



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and making manure lie at the founda- 
tion of all good farming. Practice 
some such rotation and you will find 
the crops increasing annually and fin- 
ally you will be able to get heavy 
crops of grass and corn and wheat on 
these "chocolate Albemarle county 
lands." — W. F. Massey. 



Rotation of Crops for Improving Land. 
I was raised on the farm, but have 
not farmed for years and would like 
to have some information such as 1 
am sure I can get through the columns 
of your valuable journal. I read after 
Mr. Massey and see that he goes into 
other sections and instructs and en- 
courages farmers in their work, but 
never hear of his being in this sec- 
tion, where people make two barrels 
(ten bushels) of corn to the acre. 
Tell him this is where he is needed. 
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812 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER 



[August, 



I have on my farm two special lots 
that I wish to ask your advice for 
the coming year. 

Lot No. 1. Seven acres in peanuts 
this year; expect one hundred bags. 
For corn 1910. Can cover with com- 
post in early spring as per Mr. Hicks' 
formula in February Planter, page 109. 
Look at that and tell me if that is 
practical or guess-work. I have an 
abundance of woods trash. When 
and how would you mix? When and 
how much would you put on land? In 
this corn I would like to sow cow- 
peas, shock corn as early as it would 
do, disc down peas and sow in crim- 
son clover about middle of September, 
graze, and turn in clover, and follow 
with peanuts. Is that a good plan? 
If not, tell me what is best. I will 
have barn yard manure enough to cov- 
er that lot, but want to use it under 
trucks, rape, etc. 

Lot No. 2. Five acres in peanuts 
this year. I would like to get clover 
on that this fall. Is 15th of October 
too late to sow? Land is medium 
light and fair condition. Follow 
clover in spring with soy beans; plant 
in corn following year, and then treat 
as Lot No. 1. 

A word about corn. Can I grow 
Cocke's Prolific on medium light up- 
land after it has been acclimated? i 
want to improve my land and plant 
the best corn and plant fewer pea- 
nuts, raise more hogs and cattle, 
make more money and do less work. 
It is my aim to build a silo next sum- 
mer. I am not in the habit of writ- 
ing for print, but would love to have 
the information asked for and will 
appreciate any suggestion. 

I am sending you in another pack- 
age a plant that came up among some 
Oregon winter vetch that I sowed 
last fall. The vetch was no good; 
did not grow hardly at all, and yet 
this plant on the same land which 
was poor grew to be thirty-six inches 
in height. I had three plants and 
saved what seed I could, leaving a 
ppd or two for you to examine. Is 
the plant of value as a land improver 
or feed? 

NEW FARMER. 

Isle of Wight Co., Va. 

Certainly, some one is needed where 
the land only makes ten bushels of 
corn per acre and twenty-five bags of 
peanuts. That is, if you mean bush 
els when you say bags, but I sup- 
pose you mean the large sacks. 

Lot No. 1 now in peanuts. The pea- 
nuts have probably had some phos 
phate and, like other legumes, they 
will leave some nitrogen in the soil, 
though not so much as other legumes 
since all are taken up. Now, it 
seems to me that the cultivation of 
peanuts is a fine preparation for 
wheat or winter oats, and I would 
follow them with a sown crop rather 
than another hoed crop like corn. 
After the oats or wheat you can sow 
cowpeas on the land and cut them 
for hay, and then on the stubble sow 



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This valuable fertilizer is used almost exclusively in Europe on fall 
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1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



8 1 3 



SU| 



t), 



crimson clover, and in the Bpring, 
after applying all the manure you can 
raise to the land, turn the clover tu. 
corn and then sow crimson clover in 
the fall among the corn and turn thit 
in spring for peanuts, applying to the 
peanuts a liberal dressing of Basic- 
slag, phosphate and muriate of potash. 
The Basic slag will furnish you phos- 
phoric acid and lime and the potash 
will tend to prevent pops. Follow 
this sort of a rotation and you will 
soon rind that you need to buy no am- 
monia and will make more peanuts 
and will soon get more corn, and fin 
ally, by keeping it up, you can make 
heavy crops of corn. Hauling woods 
trash is a laborious way to get humus. 
Far better depend on the peas and 
clover and the feeding of these to 
stock, ior no matter what a man's 
money crop is the feeding of live 
stock of some sort is the foundation oi 
farm improvement. No man who farms 
right with the crops of your section 
need ever buy any ammonia or nitro 
gen, but can increase it in his soil 
through growing legumes and feeding 
them. I would apply such a rotation 
to the entire farm. 

You can sow crimson clover on lot 
No. 2 if you wish after the peanuts 
are lifted and stacked out of the way. 
It will be a little late, I suppose, bui 
I have made a good stand in North 
Carolina sown November 1st. But 1 
would prefer to sow in September. 
Your plan would make a rather com 
plicated rotation and it would be bet 
■Br to divide your farm into three 
parts and use the rotation I have sug- 
■ gested. Oregon vetch is simply the 
common winter vetch that grows al 
over the South. — W. F. Massey. 



*>;■■ 



si'Si 



nucl 

ialns 
ants. 

si;li< 



Lao; 



nt» 



Rotation System — Red Clover. 

For several years I have been sow- 
ing all stubble each summer in peas. 
This is no small or easy job where 
one sows much small grain. It comes 
at the busy season of the year and 
when it is hot and hard on stock to 
turn land (and ; t does not pay to sow 
peas without good preparation and fer 
tilizer). And when it is a wet sum- 
mer as this has been — it rained here 
eighteen days in June and five so far 
(Ju'y 10th) in this month — one can 
hardly spare the time from other 
crops. Then, to grow or buy peas for 
sowing; each year and purchase each I 
spring in advance acid phosphate are 
other considerable obstacles to grow- 
ing peas as the only source of hay, 

All of this, and especially the busy 
and hot season, when they must be 
sown, have put me to ruminatation, 
as Bill Arp used to say. I want some- 
thing that will reseed itself. Red 
clover will grow here. Some of our 
red clay hills have been sown to 
wheat, then peas, till they produce 
right well and now have a good dea 1 
of humus in the soil. They are now 
in peas. I am thinking of gett : ns al' 
tne manure out on this stubble this 
fad and winter till about the 20tb 
of January, and then sow in oats. 



Plain Talks on Fertilizers 

Increasing and Safeguarding the Wheat-Crop 




regard for the 



The use of com- 
mercial fertilizers on 
the wheat crop is year- 
ly becoming more 
general — proof enough 
that it pays, and pays 
well. 

Too many farmers, 
however, use fertilizers 
without du 

special needs of their soils. 
Often they buy the cheapest 
grades. Or they use very 
small quantities. 

That such 
unscientific 
use of fertili- 
zers has proved 
profitable indi- 
cates what it 
can accomplish 
for wheat grow- 
rntertiiized ers if u s e d 
more carefully and intelli- 
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best is to make com 

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sufficient amount and 
you will undoubtedly 
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814 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



Then a little later sow clover and 
harrow in with weeder. Cut oats for 
hay just as grain is milk stage and 
leave clover to come on. Would oats 
for this purpose tax the land less 
and be more favorable to the clover 
than wheat? Wheat would have to 
be sown in early November and would 
make, therefore, ranker growth. And 
the same applies to the oats sown in 
January rather than in September or 
October. 

There are some rag weed and crab 
grass. Would these interfere with 
growth of the young clover? 

Land to be thus treated I am not 
particular to get any returns from 
for two years, but wish to get more 
humus and thoroughly stocked with 
clover seed. Then grow clover two 
years, wheat one year, and so on, with 
an occasional corn crop. WiU this 
plan work without reseeding the clov- 
er? Do you know any better plan for 
one who has too much land and yet 
wants to keep it all up without hav- 
ing each year to work over several 
times each field? 

C. C. GETTYS. ' 

Rutherford Co., N. C. 

Red clover should do very well in 
your elevated section, and if it does 
then you have no better legume crop. 
But I would not sow oats in January. 
I had rather put the land into some 
such rotation as this: Corn, with 
peas sown among it at last working. 
Corn cut and shocked and the peas 
disced down thoroughly and winter 
oats sown in September, and red clov 
er seed sown at same time after tne 
oats. After the oats are cut and the 
rag weed starts, mow the stubble 
clean and leave the trash on the land. 
Mow the clover two seasons and then 
manure the land and turn for corn 
again. In this way yon will get all 
the benefit on the land from the peas 
and win not have the summer plow- 
ing to do. — W. F. Massey. 



Share Farming. 

As other subscribers have been so 
much benefitted by your sound ad- 
vice, T am going to ask you to help 
me out. 

Am single, twenty -four years of age, 
and have recently come into posses- 
sion of a four hundred acre farm, 
valued at $20,000. I have three work 
horses, all necessary farming imnle 
ments. including modern corn, potato 
and tobacco planters, etc. The farm 
is fenced with hoe: tight fencing, the 
land i« very nroductive. three hundred 
acres hpine: cleared and situated in as 
pood a farm'ng belt as there is in this 
State. Tt is onlv fourteen miles from 
Washington, D. C. 

I Tnfortunatelv. I have not sufficient 
oanitM to run the place alone and am 
forced to set some one to so in on 
shares with me. T have fiftv head of 
pood sheen, now have sixteen head 
of beef cattle. Will live on the place 
rnvself. devoting mv entire time to 
its working and management. 



The Lesson 

of the 1909 

Wheat Crop 



/ in this country is: Not enough of the right kind 
•j of wheat at the right time to get the right price. 
The trouble is: wheat-sick lands, lands worn out 
by continued cropping without fertilizing. 

^ The remedy is: the right amount of the right kind 

1 of fertilizer at the right time. 
The right time is this Fall: the right amount is 200 to 
400 lbs. to the acre: the right kind is 2-8-6. 
If your commercial fertilizer contains less than 6 percent, of 
Potash, make it right by adding Muriate of Potash until 
it contains 6 per cent, and you'll find that 



POTASH PAYS 



Two pounds of Potash added to each 100 pounds of fertilizer increases 
the Potash total one per cent. 
Send for literature about soil, crops, manures and fertilizers 
practical books compiled by experts. Mailed on request, free. 

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old 

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Old farmers of Virginia and the Carolina's recall the 
splendid crops grown with Peruvian Guano years ago. 
No fertilizer discovered has ever equaled it tor producing 
enormous yields. 

Your land probably needs just such a soil improver. Order one or two 
tons and compare the results with those from any commercial fertilizer. 

Write for prices, and full information. 

Agencies still open in some localities. 

Peruvian Guano Corporation, 

Richmond, Va. Charleston, S. C. 



TELL THE ADVERTISER WHERE TOU SAW HIS ADVERTISEMENT. 



1909.] 



Til K SOI'TIIKRX PLANTER. 



815 



Our principal crops are corn, tobac 
co, wheat, rye, oats and a few truck 
crops. 

Whit would be the best division of 
crops to be fair to both myself and 
the tenant? I am to furnish all in- 
cidental expenses, tools, machines, 
three horses, good house, firewood, 
etc., and one-half all seed potatoes, 
rye, oats, all the lime and commercial 
fertiizer that is to be furnished; two 
thirds all seed wheat. We usually 
put in about fifty acres of wheat, ten 
acres of rye, five acres of cats, ten 
acres of potatoes, 35,000 tobacco 
plants, and other small crops. 

I propose that the tenant furnish 
three horses, all necessary food, all 
necessary labor, keey the fencing, etc., 
in good condition, and sow about 
twenty acres in cowpeas, to furnish 
one-half all seed, but one-third of 
wheat. He is to get one half of all 
crops raised, including hay, but only 
one-third wheat. The labor will cost 
him about $800 a year, and is already 
on the farm in good houses. Am 1 
allowing tenant too much to let me 
out all right, and can you suggest a 
better agreement? Thanking you in 
advance for your much needed help, 
I am, Yours loyal subscriber, 

F. D. 

The matter of arranging a tenant 
system for every one is difficult. The 
most successful system I know of, and 
one that has been eminently success- 
ful, is where the system of cultiva 
tion and the rotation of crops is laid 
down in the contract. The tenant 
owns all stock and implements and 
puts these against the farm and resi- 
dence and other perquisits. He pays 
for half the fertilizers and lime, half 
the seed, and shares half. He owns 
the stock and has all he can make on 
them, being requried to feed all hay 
and fodder on the place and never 
sell any. and the farm takes its 
pay in the manure, which must be 
saved in the best manner and applied 
to the land by the tenant. Farms un- 
der this system have greatly improved 
and landlords and tenants have made 
money. Where both landlord and ten 
hnt furnish as nearly half the ex- 
pense as practicable, if there is profit 
for one there must be profit for the 
other. Men have become millionaires 
in buying farms and renting them in 
this way. 

One of the best systems in this 
S f ate was made by the late William 
McKinney. of Queens county, Mary- 
land, who left an estate of between 
forty and fifty farms. You can get 
particulars by writing to the Manager 
of the McKinney Farms, Centreville. 
Maryland. — W. F. Massey. 



Seeding to Grass. 
I have twenty five acres, which 1 
wish to get into permanent meadow 
Five acres of these were in rye, which 
was plowed under; seven acres ha^ 
the rvp mowed down and left on the 
ground. Seven acres were ia winter 



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Horace 
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General Agent 
24 Bollingbrook St. 

Petersburg, Va 




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816 



TI1K SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



oats, which winter killed, but has been 
followed oy volunteer red top, which 
has given a ton of good hay to the 
acre. The remaining six acres have 
not been worked for two years. 

My soil is decomposed gneiss and 
granite, and timothy and clover are 
not successes on it, unless highly ma 
mired. Orchard grass has proven pref 
erable, while red top would cover the 
grounu, but for a pest grass. Natur 
ally, 1 turn to orchard grass for m\ 
meadow. How and when shall I sow 
it? Shall I mix it with red top o; 
ocher grass that matures with the 
orcharu grass? 

I used three hundred pounds of acic 
phosphate and twenty-five pounds mu 
riate of potash on cowpeas. Wha 
fertilizer, if any, shall I put on m: 
orchard grass sowing? 

Alexandria Co., Va. 

R. S. LACEY. 

In this issue, in tue article on Work 
for the Month, you will find advice 
as to seeding grass, which, if you wil) 
follow, you will, we think, succeeci 
in getting a stand. We would sow 
red top with the orchard grass and 
also some meadow fescue. Orchan 
grass, whilst a very valuable hay 
grass when cut at the proper time. 
has a habit of growing in bunches 
and should have some other grass 
sown with it to fill up. The herds 
grass and meadow fescue will do this 
We would use bone meal as the fer 
tilizer, or a mixture of bone meal and 
acid phosphate in equal parts, say. 
four hundred pounds to the acre. If 
no lime has been applied to the land, 
then fifty pounds of muriate of pot 
ash to the acre should also be ap 
plied. In the spring, after the grass 
starts to grow freely, top dress with 
nitrate of soda — one hundred and fifty 
to two hundred pounds per acre. — Ed. 



Seeding to Grass — Alaska Wheat. 

I have a piece of land that I wish 
to sow in grass seed this fall. Would 
like to have your advice about how to 
manage it; when to sow; what kind 
and all about it. 

The land is a low, black soil, in 
clined to be wet, though not too wet 
for grass. It has been in wid or na- 
tive grasses for several years and has 
always made very good grass until 
three or four years ago the broom 
sedge began to smother out the other 
grasses. Last year it was mostly 
broomselge; I plowed the land early 
in the spring and intended to sow it 
in peas, but have not gotten to sow 
them yet on account of the continue'! 
wet weather. Will sow them yet, if 
the weather admits. I wish to mow 
the grass and not pasture it. Would 
like to sow it in grass that I can mow 
next season if possible. Would you 
advise sowing crimson clover seed on 
poor land that has not been inocu- 
lated? Some say it will not pay to 
sow it at all unless the soil has been 
inoculated previous to sowing the 
seed. 







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When corresponding- with our advertisers always mention Southern Planter. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



817 



I saw an article in a paper printed 
ac Lexington, North Carolina, concern 
ing a new variety of wheat called 
Alaskan wheat. A farmer near tnai 
place says he has an acre of it sowed 
on his place. He says he purchased a 
bushel of the wheat last fall, paying 
$15.25 for same, and sowed it last 
election day on the poorest land he 
had, using a low-grade fertilizer and 
only using one hundred and fifty 
pounds on the acre. When this arti 
cle was written he said the wheat 
ws six feet high and still growing. 
He said he was satisfied the one acre 
would make fifty bushels of wheat, 
if it did as well as it looked like it 
would then. The paper stated that the 
man brought half a dozen heads to 
their office and they said they were 
three times as large as our common 
wheat. He says the wheat has been 
advertised as a fraud, but that it is 
not a fraud at all, as he has the wheat 
there to show for itself. I have not 
heard anything more about it since 
the above was written. Do you know 
anything concerning the wheat? Do 
you think it is a fraud or not? 
Yadkin Co., N. C. P. W. EVANS. 

In this issue, in the article Work 
for the Month, you will find advice as 
to seeding grass. In your case we 
would seed Italian rye grass, red top 
and red clover. We would not now 
sow the cowpeas, but commence at 
once the preparing of the land for 
grass and get it into the finest order 
possible. The Italian rye grass, red 
top and red clover should make yoi; 
a fine meadow on this low land. Sow 
one bushel of Italian rye grass, one 
bushel of red top, and ten pounds of 
clover. 

Yes; we would sow the crimson 
clover. Whilst it does not always 
make a heavy growm on land on 
which none of the clovers have pre 
viously been grown, yet it almost al- 
ways makes a sufficient growth to 
pay for the cost of seeding and gives 
something for improving the land, 
when plowed down and inoculates the 
land so that at the next seeding a 
good stand is certain. 

The Alaskan wheat is a fraud. We 
thoroughly investigated this a yeai 
or two ago and satisfied ourselves 
that it was not as represented. The 
wheat is a poor milling wheat and 
no one wants it when grown, and the 
yield is nowhere near the represen- 
tations made. We published these 
facts at the time. — Hid. 



Grazing Pastures. 

In your next issue please give your 
views on the following: 

On a pasture of tame and wild 
grasses would it strengthen the grass 
plants and tend to thicken and per- 
petuate pasture by grazing it off mod- 
erately close from time to time, or 
would it be best to let it grow 
throughout the spring and summer 
without grazing, supposing we could 
spare the pasture and considering the 



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FOR IOO% CROPS 



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Send today for our free Book, "Large Hay Crops." 

CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY, 
861 Main St., HIGGANUM, CONN. 




818 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



good of the pasture and improvement 
of the land? We suppose we woula 
get more pasture for the present by 
giving it a fair start in spring anu 
then grazing moderately, but for the 
years to come would pasture be ma 
terially benefitted by keeping stock 
entirely off? In case an old field past- 
ure has a fair growth of weeds, some 
sedge, a few running briars, etc., 
would it be aided by mowing and let- 
ting Te as mulch, or would this 
growth of stuff do as much good to 
the land by letting it fall when it 
would? Which would best tend to im- 
prove the land and the pasture? 

We have several old field pastures 
which we do not need for the pres- 
ent. What we want to know is, Would 
we have more pasture this fall by 
pasturing some in early summer or 
by letting it alone? Is the same true 
of the tame grasses — orchard grass, 
timothy, red top, etc.? How about 
red and Mammoth clover; also, alsike 
clover? Does mowing bull-eye, or 
broomsedge help to kill it, and at 
what stage should it be mowed? Has 
either any feeding value for pasture 
or hay? p - 

Culpeper Co., Va. 

All pastures, whether of tame or 
wid grasses, are best grazed moder- 
ately, not starting too soon nor con- 
tinuing to late. This causes the grass- 
es to tiller out and the root stocks 
to spread on the land and thus en- 
sures a dense sod, which resists the 
drouth and retains the moisture. 
Running briars and weeds should be 
cut off and burnt to prevent spread- 
ing and this will gradually kill them 
out. It is very questionable whether 
you can do much in the way of kill- 
ing the broomsedge by mowing it. 
It is too persistent where once estab- 
lished to be easily subdued in this 
way. Of course, it will tend to pre- 
vent it spreading if mowed early 
enough, as there will be no seed to 
fly about. We have seen a very fair 
sample of hay made from broomsedge, 
but, to ensure this, it must be cut 
young, and hence the yield is only 
light. The best thing to do with 
broomsedge is to plow it up and get 
rid of it as soon as possible and sub 
stitute a better grass for it. As a 
pasture, it makes fair feed when kept 
grazed short, but does not yield the 
feed a pasture of tame grass will. 
—Ed. 



Clubroot and Rot in Cabbage. 
Will you give through The Planter 
the cause of clubroot and black rot 
in cabbage? How can these be pre- 
vented? Or, if present, how to get 
rid of them? 

Where can I find a bulletin that 
treats on cabbage and its diseases? 
Wythe Co., Va. L. D. EARHART. 

These are both fungoid diseases 
which infect the soil and cause the 
disease to re-appear year after year 
if cabbages are grown successively on 



Astounding Simplicity 



Please think of this. There are 500 makes 
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499 are practically the same. 

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$355-° FANNING MILL FREE 

A Fanning Mill Free. If there are no dealers near 
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all kinds of grain and seeds as well as cow peas, velvet 
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JOHNSON & FIELD MF'G. CO., Box 102, Racine, Wis. 




Rhea Co., Tenn., March 13, '09. 
I wish to express my admiration 
for the Southern Planter. No other 
journal that I know exerts such an 



educational influence for the advance- 
ment of agriculture in the South and 
for the elevation of the Southern 
farmer. P. D. BENHAM. 






1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



819 



the land. This emphasizes the im 
portance of rotating the crop on dif- 
ferent fields each year. Every dis- 
eased plant should be burnt. If they 
are thrown on to the manure heap 
or plowed down, the next crop of cab- 
bages grown on the land or with the 
manure will be diseased. Liming the 
land is the best means known for 
destroying the disease spores in the 
soil. Apply two tons to the acre after 
the l§nd is plowed and harrowed. 
Write the Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C, for bulletin. — Ed. 



Oat Smut — Plant for Name. 

I enclose several blackheads of oats 
that I suppose are affected with smut. 
There is a good deal of it this year 
in winter oats. My winter oats are 
very good and clean except the black 
heads. Will blue stone applied to 
seed oats prevent the smut. If you 
can give any information that will 
prevent the smut it will be of great 
benefit to me as well as others. 

I also send a head of some plant 
that I find in oats that I would like to 
know what it is. 

B. O. BUMPASS. 

Louisa Co., Va. 

On page 731 of the July issue you 
will find the remedy for smut in 
wheat and oats given in reply to an 
enquirer. 

The plant is chess or cheat. — Ed. 



Bee Culture — Ox-Eye Daisies. 

Can you give me some plan by 
which I can get my bees to drink 
from water vessels put in their yard? 
They trouble me considerably around 
my well and watering trough'. Will 
you also tell me how to get rid of 
ox-eye daisies? Please answer through 
your query column. 

SUBSCRIBER. 

Northumberland Co., Va. 

We do not profess to know any- 
thing much on bee keeping, as w r e 
never gave it our attention. We 
once tried to start an apiary, but 
the insects had such an antipathy to 
us that they would not let us go near 
the hives and as we never cared to 
keep any stock of any kind with 
which we could not be on good terms, 
we sent the bees back to the gentle- 
man who gave them to us. We be- 
lieve that if you will sweeten the 
water with sugar which you place 
out for the bees they will soon find it 
and will then go there to drink. 

Oxeye daisies can only be gotten 
rid of with certainty by putting the 
land into cultivation and giving it 
clean culture for two or three years. 
They may be prevented increasing and 
gradually be cleaned out by keeping 
them cut off before they bloom. — Ed. 



Rotation of Crops. 
Please criticise the rotation of 
crops given below, which I am now 
thinking of following on my farm, 
and give me all the suggestions you 
think of value. My land is a good, 
stiff, red clay, lacking in humus, and 



See the I. H. C. Agent 

About that Wagon YouVe 

Going to Buy this Fall 

YOU know a wagon that you buy from a responsible 
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a catalogue and full particulars. 



INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. 

(Incorporated) 



s. A. 



Pittsylvania Co., Va., April 22, '09. 

Your paper has been very interest- 
ing and instructive to me since I 
have been trying to farm It is now 
second only to my Bible. I am a 
merchant of forty-two years' standing, 
and did not study farming until about 
ten years ago. I then embarked into 



the business as a side issue, since 
then I have increased the fertility of 
my farm more than double its former 
capacity and the most of my informa- 
tion on farming was obtained from 
reading the Southern Planter. 

G. A. CREASY. 



820 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



will produce on unimproved field 
about four or five barrels of corn per 
acre and eight or ten bushels of 
wheat. Jf'arm can be divided into five 
fields of thirty acres each for crops 
in addition to plenty of pasture land. 
Pasture, like rest of place, unim- 
proved, but well sodded in broom 
straw, Japan clover and some blue 
grass. 

Rotation. — First year. — Will put ma- 
nure on clover sod lor corn, and at 
last working of corn will seed to 
crimson clover. 

Second year. — Peas. — Will plow 
crimson clover under in spring, seed 
to peas, which will be cut for hay, and 
land disced and seeded to wheat. 

Third year. — Wheat. — After wheat 
harvest, land plowed, limed and seed- 
ed to winter oats and sapling clover. 

Fourth year. — Oats. 

Fifth year. — Clover. 

Will clover which was intended for 
fifth year interfere with oat harvest? 
If it interferes will it be best to seed 
clover in spring instead of fall? How 
much seed oats would you sow per 
acre? How much clover seed per 
acre, and the amount of fertilizer to 
be used under each crop? Also, 
kinds of fertilizer to use if a mixture 
is preferable? Will sell wheat, oats 
and some corn and hay. Pea hay, 
corn stover, wheat straw and oat 
straw will be fed at home to stock. 
Good grades of beef cattle are scarce 
and high in my section; will it 
be more profitable to grow or buy 
stock cattle? Will Western cattle do 
as well as natives with us an unim- 
proved pastures? 

I have been farming only a few 
years; am not living on my farm and 
will appreciate any advice you will 
give either by letter or in August 
number of Southern Planter. T. 

Campbell Co., Va. 

The rotation you suggest is an ex- 
cellent one and, when worked out, 
should result in great improvement of 
your farm and be a profitable one in 
conjunction with your proposed stock 
feeding. The only suggestion we 
would make is that for the first course 
in the rotation you should cut in the 
pea crop with a disc instead of cut- 
ting it for a hay crop in order to get 
the land filled with vegetable matter, 
which it no doubt lacks. We do not 
like to see a good feed crop like cow- 
peas cut into the soil and would never 
do this if the land was in good order, 
but bearing in mind what you say as 
to its lacking humus and the yields 
it is now making, we believe it would 
be good policy to thus ^dispose of it 
in the first course of the rotation. 
We are sattsfied that the increased 
yield of wheat you will get will go a 
long way to pay the cost of the pea 
crop and you will have greatly im 
proved the mechanical and physical 
condition of your soil. As to the fer- 
tilizer to be used, we think that you 
should start with a ton of l'me to 
the acre to be applied to all the land 



[August, 




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Oar complete Catalog of Improved Farm Machinery sent to any address Free. 

THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, 1302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Va. 




■ 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



821 







iiW^V-- ^•■•i-jS-w'-'-'-''''' 'g&i'&s*'' fji'iiviii*" "^i^-: 

Makes Peanut Growing Doubly Profitable 



Whether you grow peanuts extensively or not, the Ben- 
thall Peanut Picker will prove the most profitable invest- 
ment you ever made. 

With one you can double ' and treble your profits. 

You and your boys can do the work of fortv hands, and 
do it better. 

Think of it: 

Figure the wages of forty hands, then think of that 
much saved in hired help 

Such a machine will pay for itself many times over. 

With one you can pick when the vines are in any con- 
dition, thus saving them for hay. and moreover, they keep 
the feed clean. 

The peanut vine is the equal of alfalfa as a forage 
crop, and worth from $12 to $20 per ton. 

This feature alone makes it an economy to own a 
Benthall Peanut Picker. 

Substantial, Simple, Economical 

These machines are built to stand up under wear, so 
simple they can't get out of order, and economical because 
the repair bill will amount to practically nothing. 

The machine will pick Spanish and Virginia varieties 
equally well. 

It can be run by a single horse, team or applied power. 



From Virginia and North Carolina, Texas and Tennes- 
see we are receiving testimonials from users who have 
become warm-hearted friends. 



Do Not Delay 



What Farmers Say 



Every peanut grower will eventually have one of these 
pickers. 

If you. yourself, have not sufficient use for one, you 
can make it a valuable investment picking peanuts for 
your neighbors. 

The machine can be moved as easily as a wagon. 

Last year we did not have enough machines to meet 
the demand. 

If you want to be sure of getting one, order now. 

Clip off the below coupon, fill it out and mail to-day, 
and you will receive free our handsome catalog and full 
information. 

Three clips of the scissors between you and blsKer profits. 
CUT HERE . 

Benthall Machine Co , 

Suffolk, Va 

Gbntleikn: 

Please send me fall information 
about the Benthall Peauut Picker. 



Mr. W. T. Sampson, of Suffolk. Va., writes: 

"The machine is more than you claim for it. I have 

picked as high as 240 bags in nine hours and a half. I 

have picked approximately 5.000 bags this season, and my 

legitimate repair bill was the cost of one link to a chain.' 




after plowing it for the crop to be 
planted. For the cowpeas we would 
apply two hundred and fifty pounds 
of acid phosphate per acre, or four 
hundred pounds of raw phosphate 
rock. For the wheat we would . use 
one hundred and fifty pounds of bone 
meal and one hundred and fifty 
pounds of acid phosphate per acre. 
For the corn, apply all the manure 
you make on the clover sod. 

We do not see any reason why the 
clover should not be seeded with the 
oats in the fall. We have made ex- 
cllent stands that way. If the seed- 
ing should not make a good stand, or 
it should be winter killed, it can be 
supplemented by more seed sown in 
the spring after harrowing the oat 
crop. Sow two bushels of oats and 
fifteen pounds of clover seed per acre. 

As to the stock. We think you will 



likely succeed better by buying as 
good native grade cows as you can 
get and breeding these to a pure-bred 
bull of one of the beef breeds. We 
would suggest an Angus bull, as this 
cross would give you fine beef stock. 
Until you can get a herd of these 
grade cattle raised you might buy a 
few Western feeders every fall, or, if 
you could get some of the Southwest 
Virginia cattle, which are mostly 
grade Shorthorns, these would proba- 
bly do better than the Western ones. 
The surest way to bring up the farm 
and make it most profitable is to con- 
sume as nearly as possible all the 
produce grown on the farm and let i' 
walk to the market in the shape of 
beef and hogs. — Ed. 



Plant for Name. 
Please inform me what kind of 



grass enclosed sample is, and is. it 
of service? What is best to do to 
get clear of it? Cannot work any corn 
where it is. SUBSCRIBER. 

Matthews Co., Va. 

The grass is red top. This is a 
valuable hay and grazing grass and 
instead of trying to get rid of it you 
should encourage its growth. The 
plant sent is a fine specimen of the 
grass and a field of such a growth 
would give three or four tons of hay 
per acre. — Ed. 



Liming Land. 

I want to use lime on my wheat 
crop this fall. Will you kindly an- 
swer the following questions, as I 
have had no experience in the use of 
it? 

I am quoted fresh lump lime, $4.30; 
fine lump line, $3.50; clean air-slaked 



822 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



lime, $3.30 per ton, delivered at m> 
station. Which should I buy? Foi 
one dollar additional per ton I can get 
this in sacks. Would it be easier to 
handle and apply in sacks? I am tola 
that in handling this lime it is very 
damaging to the horses and men. Can 
you suggest the best way to prevent 
or least help this trouble? 

I intended to plow the land and, be 
fore harrowing, spread the lime witL 
manure spreader and then harrow in. 
Is this the best way to apply it? 1 
not, what do wou advise? A gentle- 
man told me that he applied the lime 
on top of the land before plowing, 
this does not to me seem to be the 
proper way. 

I am told there is a machine made 
especially to scatter lime. Do you 
know of this machine, and, if so, do 
you recommend using it? 
Wythe Co., Va. CUSTOMER. 

Buy the lump lime. It will be 
cheaper in the end. The only advan- 
tage in having it sacked is that it is 
easier to handle in hauling from the 
depot and into the fields and makes 
less dust to bother the men and 
horses. We have hauled and distrib 
uted hundreds of tons in the lump, 
and, when done with reasonable care, 
no serious trouble to either men o: 
horses was caused. The horses should 
have some old sacKs fastened over 
their bodies and over the harness and, 
in setting on the lumps in the field, 
care should be taken to so locate the 
lines of lumps as that the wind will 
blow the dust away from the men 
and horses as it flies from the lumps. 
Set on in bushel or half-bushel piles 
and so space these apart as to give 
one ton to the acre. Cover the piles 
with soil as they are put down, and 
in a few days they will have slacked 
out and can then be spread with- a 
shovel. Put on the lime after plow- 
ing and then after spreading harrow 
in lightly and let lay a week or ten 
days before applying any fertilizer or 
seeding. There is a machine on the 
market for spreading lime, but we 
have not seen it work, but have been 
told that it is a success. Some of 
the manure spreaders will spread the 
lime, but our difficulty in recommend- 
ing machine spreading is that it nec- 
essarily causes much inconvenience 
in handling and waste. The lime has 
to be slacked before it is put into 
the spreader and it is then very awk- 
ward stuff to shovel into the ma- 
chine, as it runs off the- shovel like 
water and flies about over everything. 
We prefer to handle it only in the 
lump state until it is spread in the 
field and then what flies about is r 
the field and where it is wanted. If 
care is taken in spreading to spread 
it with the wind it will bother the 
men doing the work very little. — Ed. 



Early Sown Wheat and the Fly — Rape 
— Cowpeas — Soy Beans — Crimson 

Clover. 
1. Will wheat be injured to a very 

great extent at heading time by sow- 



Country Water 
Works Outfit 



Vou can have running water 
anywhere you want it, in 
the house, the barn, or on the 
grounds — in fact you can have 
all the conveniences that can 
be obtained from connection 
with city water works — by 
erecting on your place a 

GOODHUE 
WINDMILL 

and tank outfit such as is 
shown here. We can give you 
the tank on a separate tower 
if you prefer it that way. 

Goodhue Windmills have 
an engine way top (they work 
like an engine); they have 
double arms of heavy channel 
steel, giving more than double 
strength; they govern perfect- 
ly in all kinds of wind; they 
have a practically noiseless 
brake; they are made in sizes 
and styles to meet all require- 
ments, and they are sold under 
a stronger guarantee than any 
other. Send to-day for FREE 
WINDMILL BOOK. 

APPLETON MFG. CO., 

1 34 Fargo St., Batavia, III., U. S. A. 




FARQUHAR 



THRESHING MACHINERY 

i 

m RAKE SEPARATORS, VIBRATOR 
SEPARATORS. All the Latest Improvements 

THRESHING ENGINES. HORSE. All Styles and Sizes 





*^Ki 



The most durable and 
lightest draft threshing ma- 
chinery manufactured. 

Threshes, separates, cleans 
ind bags ready for market. 
"Wastes less grain, runs light- 
er, is stronger, more com- 
plete and durable and less 
liable to get out of order 
than any other kind. Get our 
prices and terms on any size 
outfit you may want. 

Complete catalogue of farm 
Implements mailed on request. 



THE IMPLEMENT COMPANY, I302 E. Main Street, Richmond, Ya. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



823 



Up-to-Date Dairymen Do Not Skim Milk 
Like They Did a Generation Ago 

THEY have found a better way. 
They use machines and separate the cream from the 
milk at milking time. 
They get all the cream, they save half the work and worry 
of the old way, and they have fresh, warm, sweet milk instead 
of stale, sour milk to feed to the calves, pigs and chickens. 

The I. H. C. 

Bluebell Cream Harvester 
Dairymaid Cream Harvester 

These machines have revolutionized the dairy methods of 
thousands of cow owners and put them in the way of making 
real profits out of their dairies. 

What they have done for others in the way of labor saving 
and profit making they will do for you. 

If you keep a dozen cows now, you can, with an I. H. C. 
Cream Harvester to aid you, keep 25 to 30 cows and more than 
double your profits with no increase in labor. 

Figure out the matter for yourself and see whether you are 
not losing money instead of making money by not owning a Cream Harvester. 

The Dairymaid Cream Harvester is a chain-driven machine. The Bluebell is gear-driven. 
Both are made in four sizes, are simple, easily operated, easy to keep clean and get the cream 
out of the milk down to the thousandth part. 

If you want to enlarge your operations and get into the modern way of dairying it will be 
to your interest to call on the International local agent and talk over with him the matter of 
owning a Bluebell or Dairymaid Cream Harvester. He will show you the machine he handles 
and supply you with a catalogue and all necessary information. 

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S„ A. 

(Incorporated) 




Ellis Champion Grain and Peanut Thresher, 

MANUFACTURED BY ELLIS KEYSTONE AGRICULTURAL WORKS, POTTSTOWN, PA. 

Grain and 

Peanut 

Threshers 

and 



Cleaners. 




FOUR SIZES. NOS. 1, 2, 3, and 4. FOR EITHER STEAM. LEVER OR TREAD POWER, 

All of which are guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Our THRESHERS and CLEANERS have been thoroughly tested throughout 
the United States, and pronounced by the growers of GRAIN and PEANUTS as the most complete and satisfactory Threshers of the period. 
No grower of the above can afford to be without one. 

For Catalog and any other information desired write to 

GEORGE C. BURGESS, General Southern Agent, Box 182, Petersburg, Va. 



824 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



ing it between middle of August and 
first of September? About bow many 
bushels per acre will the fly be likely 
to damage on four acres sown early 
for hog pasture? 

2. Is a Dwarf Essex rape pasture 
lot for hogs benefitted by sowing any- 
thing else with it, and, if anything 
should be sown, what should it be, 
and how much per acre? 

3. What kind of cowpeas yield the 
greatest number of bushels of peas 
per acre, and how many months are 
required for the maturing of same? 
mention two of the best kinds, if you 
please. 

4. What kind of soy beans yield the 
greatest number of beans per acre, 
and how many days are required for 
maturning of same? 

5th. Is it essential that crimson 
clover sown in August or early Sep- 
tember should require something like 
wheat or rye to shade same to keep 
the sun from killing it out? Wheat 
seems to get the start on crimson 
clover and chokes it out and rye does 
not make a suitable pasture for hogs, 
so please mention something that will 
be profitable to the hogs as well as 
helpful to the crimson clover if any- 
thing should really be sown with the 
clover to protect it from the scorch- 
ing rays of the sun. 

6. May Dwarf Essex rape be pas- 
tured by cows or colts or calves with- 
out injuring them, anyway? About 
what time in the spring do most peo- 
ple plow up the rape and sow into 
somthing else? 

TOWSON E. SMITH. 

Rappahannock Co., Va. 

1. Early sown wheat is almost in- 
variably seriously injured by the fly 
in the South. How far such injury 
will extend depends entirely on the 
prevalence of the fly. If in any sec- 
tion the fly infested the wheat crop 
the previous year to any serious ex- 
tent, we should not expect an early 
sown crop the following year to 
make more than the very smallest 
yield, as the flies would ?et su^h ° 
hold upon it as to sap it of all vitali- 
ty. 

?. No. Sow it alone. 

3. The Whip-poor-will and the New 
Era are the two varieties which usu- 
ally make the heaviest crops of peas, 
the Black variety follows. The New 
Era is tne quickest variety to mature, 
taking about sixty days. The Whip- 
poor-will and Black take from sev- 
enty to eighty days to mature. 

4. In Tennessee in experiments 
made in 1907, the Mammoth Yellow 
produced twenty-eight bushels of seed 
per acre. The Medium Yellow, twen- 
ty bushels, and Ito San, twenty bush- 
els. The Mammoth Yellow takes the 
longest time to mature — eighty to 
ninety days — and the other two va- 
rieties rather less, much depending, 
however, on the season. 

5. We do not regard it as essential 
to sow any other crop with crimson 
clover to shade it, but think it better 



International Auto Buggy 



For Business 
or Pleasure 




You'll Arrive Where You're Bound 
When You Start in this Car 

It is the leading car for country-road travel. Up hill and down, 
over all kinds of roads, you go safely and rapidly as well as pleasantly. 

Its high wheels and powerful driving mechanism especially fit it 
for the kind of service that puts the low automobile out of business. 

It is under as perfect control as the highest priced automo- 
bile. You can go at any speed you like, two to twenty miles an hour. 
There are no tire troubles because the tires are solid rubber. You 
have the least concern about fuel supply or operating expense. 
The Auto Buggy carries a supply of gasoline sufficient to last for a 
journey of 75 to 100 miles. 

It is something to be able tc go at a moment's notice, without 
the trouble of hitching up or the care of horses. The Auto Buggy, 
with or without top, and with single or double seat, enables you to 
go alone or with your family in a conveyance you will be proud to 
ride in. 

Call on the International local agent and get a catalogue 
and let him demonstrate this wonderful country road car for you. 
Catalogues also sent direct from the home office on application. 

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S. A. 

(Incorporated) 



& SAVE MONEY & 

By writing when in.need of any description of 

Machinery, Boilers, Engines, Tanks, Cars, 

Rail Beams, Channels, Plates, Angles, lhreaded Pipe sizes (1 to 6 inches.) 
All sizes iron pipe and shells for road draining, etc. Boxes, Shafting, Pul- 
leys, Hangers, Cable, Belting, and thousands of other useful articles in the 
Largest Stock in the South of used 



CLARENCE COSBY. 



SUPPUES j& 

1519-31 East Cary St. RICHMOND, VA. 
D. Phone, No. 3526. 



always to sow some grain mixture 
with the crop, usually wheat, oats and 
rye, mixed, unless the clover be seed- 
ed in cowpeas, when the vines will 
protect it. The object in sowing 
gran with it is to ensure a cover for 
the land in winter in case the crim- 
son clover is killed to any considera- 
ble extent by drouth or frost. We 



have known a little rape seed to be 
also sowed with the clover and grain 
mixture. This mixed seeding always 
makes a very acceptable grazing crop 
for hogs. 

6. Dwarf Essex rape should not be 
pastured by milch cows, as it is very 
apt to taint the milk. Young cattle 
may be grazed on it, but should be 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



825 



Mitnm *S mm 
SAH'L COHEN, 



HENRY FAIRFAX, 
President. 



ALFRED B. WILLIAMS, 
1st Vice President. 



O. J. SANDS, 



2d Vice-President. 



Treasurer. 



»•» VIRGINIA STATE FAIR »» 



RICHMOND 



n 



1 1 



OCTOBER 4-5-6-7-8-9- The First Week in October 

In the former Issues of the Southern Planter announcements have been made of attractive cash premi- 
ums offered for exhibits of Farm Products, embracing in same CORN, WHEAT, GRASSES, VEGETABLES and 
the other FIELD, SEED, GRAIN. FORAGE, aand ROOT CROPS— grown in Virginia. 

KING CORN SPECIAL. 

This great special now amounts to nearly TWELVE HUNDRED DOLLARS in cash and $125.00 CORN 
BINDER, and it is confidently expected that BEFORE the FAIR is held TWENTY-FIVE HUNDRED to 
THREE THOUSAND DOLLARS will be on hand to distribute among OUR Growers of Corn. The test will 
be to select and send to the Fair and enter either the best single ear, the best ten ears, the best twenty ears 
of white and yellow corn. Two-thirds of the total amount raised will be paid to winners of white corn; 
one-third to winners in the yellow corn classes. The Binder and all implements donated will be awarded 
exhibitor best single, ten and twenty ears, white or yellow. A JUDGE, or JUDGES of NATIONAL reputa- 
tion will make the awards, and every dollar raised will* be paid exhibitors. This Association offers the following 
secondary prizes in the King Corn Contest: 

2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th '7th 8th 

10 ears White Corn $10 00 $7 50 $5 00 $2 50 $1 50 $1 00 $ 50 

10 ears Yellow Corn ..$10 00 7 50 5 00 2 50 1 50 1 00 50 

Single ear White Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 150 100 75 50 

Single ear Yellow Corn 7 50 5 00 2 50 1 50 1 00 75 50 

ACRE YIELD CLASSES. 
These classes embrace large Cash Premiums for Corn raised on high land and low grounds, and also 
for grasses — alfalfa (one cutting only). 

COUNTY EXHIBITS. 
A First Prize of $100, Second of $75.00, Third of $50.00 will be paid in the County Exhibit Class. 

PEANUTS. 
Virginia produces a large part of the total PEANUT CROP, and the classes and premiums offered 
should interest all growers. THE AID AND SUPPORT OF THOSE INTERESTED IN THIS INDUSTRY IS 
URGED AND REQUESTED. 

TOBACCO. 
The following prizes will be paid in the Tobacco Classes. Be sure and send your exhibits 
(Exhibits to consist of one sample, grown by exhibitor, weighing not less than five pounds, nor more 
than eight pounds.) 



1st 
Prem. 

Sun Cured. Crop of 1909 $30 00 

Olive Stemming, Crop of 1909.. 30 00 



2d 

Prem. 

$15 00 

15 00 



3d 

Prem. 

$5 00 

5 00 



2d 
Prem. 
15 00 
15 00 



3d 
Prem. 
5 00 
5 00 



1st 
Prem. 

Wrappers $10 00 

Cutters 10 00 



Best crop 1909 Burley 



Prem. 

1st 



1st 
Prem. 
Brown Shipping, Crop of 1909. 30 00 
Brown Stemming, Crop of 1909 30 00 
BRIGHT TOBACCO CROP, 1900 — "FLUE CURED." 
2d 
Prem. 

$5 00 Fillers 10 00 

5 00 Smokers 10 00 

BURLEY. 

1st. 2nd 

$30.00 $15.00 

TOBACCO SWEEPSTAKES. — (Open only to Exhibitors in Otic or More of Above Classes.) 

R. A. PATTERSON TOBACCO CO. 
For the best 1909 Burley Crop $75.00 

RICH3IOND TOBACCO TRADE. 

For the Best Sample of Tobacco of any of above classes grown in Virginia by an 

exhibitor in above classes, sample to weigh not less than five nor more than ' 

eight pounds $50 00 $25 00 

LIVE STOCK. 

An indispensible feature of every farm. In order to bring together even better exhibits than those 
which have reflected such great credit at the last three annual fairs. The classification in the 

HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP AND SWINE 
Departments have been greatly enlarged, and adequate prizes are now offered for every breed of com- 
mercial importance. In order to show how complete the classification is, one section of the Cattle Depart- 
ment is copied: 

Section — JERSEY. 



Prem. 
2d 
5 00 
5 00 

3d. 

$5.00 



$25.00 



Ribbon 



305 Bull 3 years old and over ....$20 00 $10 00 



306 
307 
308 
309 
310 



Bull 2 years old and under 3 20 00 

Bull 1 year old and under 2 20 00 

Bull under 1 year 15 00 

Cow 3 years old and over 20 00 

Heifer 2 years old and under 3 20 00 



10 00 
10 00 
10 00 
10 00 
10 00 



311 
312 
313 
314 
315 
316 



10 00 
10 00 
15 00 
10 00 
10 00 
10 00 



317 Bull, any age $20 00 Res. 



Rib. 



I 



Heifer 1 year old and under 2.... 20 00 

Heifer under 1 year 15 00 

Exhibitor's herd 25 00 

Breeder's Young Herd 20 00 

Get of one sire 15 00 

Produce of one cow 15 00 

Championship. 

Rib. 318 Cow or heifer, any age 20 00 Res. 

YOUR AID AND THAT OF EACH VIRGINIAN 
in building up the Fair is asked and will be appreciated. To each of you we say it is your Fair; get ac- 
quainted with the Thousands of Classes; interest your friends; send a postal for Free Premium List, or for sup- 
plement embracing Poultry, Dairy, Farm and Hortlc ulturnl Products, Flowers and the 'Woman's Department, 
(in which will be found classes for everything made by the hand of woman). 

The Fair is Here to Stay. "THE FIRST WEEK IN OCTOBER." 

For Premium List and all information, address 



MARK R. LLOYD, General Manager, RICHMOND, VA. 
1111 ' ■ ■ ' 









826 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



only turned on when the crop is free 
from moisture, and at first for only 
a short time, and after they have had 
other feed, as it is apt to cause bloat- 
ing when eaten greedily or in con 
siderable quantity. The rape will 
stand and grow until the warm 
weather sets in, when it should be 
plowed down. It cannot stand hot 
weather. — Ed. 



Pasture for Geese. 

Will you kindly give me through 
your columns the best seed to sow 
for a pasture for geese? 

JOHN F. YEAGLE. 

Gloucester Co., Va. 

i 

Geese will graze on a pasture of 
any kind of grasses . from the sedgy 
grass of the swamps to the finest tame 
grasses, so you cannot go wrong 
whatever kind you seed. They will 
graze the most and do the best on the 
finer and better varieties, like blue 
grass, Bermuda and red top. — Ed. 



Salt and Wire Grass. 
I have heard that salt would kil* 
wire grass. Is there any truth in it? 
Pittsylvania Co., Va. A. 

Salt will kill almost any kind of 
vegetation if applied .in sufficient 
quantities, but in doing so it will ren- 
der the land unfit for growing any 
crop. If applied only in such quan 
tity as not to injure the land, it will 
not kill wire grass It might check 
it somewhat, but only to make more 
vigorous growth afterwards. Salt has 
no value as a fertilizer nor as a weed 
destroyer. The only crop to which 
we ever saw it applied yith advan- 
tage is asparagus. On this crop a 
light dressing in the early sprine 
seems to do good. — Ed. 



WASHINGTON NOTES. 

The Geneva, New York, Experiment 
Station has carried on some very con- 
clusive spraying experiments for late 
blight in potatoes in co-operation with 
farmers in various parts of the State. 
In fourteen of these farm experiments 
involving 180 acres of potatoes, the 
average gam due to spraying was 
62% bushels per acre; the average 
total cost of spraying, ?4.98 per acre, 
and the average increased profit per 
acre, due to spraying, $24.86. Another 
group, consisting of 41 experiments, 
included 363 acres of potatoes and the 
average gain due to spraying was 58% 
bushels per acre, or over 20,000 bush- 
els. The average increased profit due 
to spraying was $22.01 per acre. 
The story of a Successful Poultry and 
Dairy Farm. 

It is one thing to be a successful 
practical farmer. It is another to be 
a scientific farmer. Sometim es the 
two are combined in one person. It 
is still another thing and rarer to find 
such a man able to transmit this 
knowledge of successful scientific 
farming methods to other persons by 
means of enlightening, entertaining, 



REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS 



For Two or Three Horses 



Do Their Work "A Comin' and a Gom'* 

The Plows that do the best work anywhere and everywhere — hillside or 
level land — hard ground or soft gromd — sticky ground or trashy ground — 
are the 

CHATTANOOGA REVERSIBLE DISC PLOWS' 

Chattanooga Plows are the only entirely successful Reversible Disc Plows — simple In design — few 
In parts — sturdy in construction — as durable as skilled workmanship and the finest materials can 
make them — guaranteed for twelve months against any breakage caused by defects in material or work- 
manship. Chattanooga Reversible 
Plows turn corners, either right 
or left, pulverize the soil thor- 
oughly, cover weeds, leave a 
clean furrow, and save time, 
labor, money and horse flesh. 
Write today for free postpaid cat- 
alog which tells the whole story. 

CHATTANOOGA 
PLOW CO. 

413 CARTER ST., 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 




CONCERNING THAT ROOF 

Write us for prices on our products. 
We carry in stock at all times 

EVERYTHING for the ROOF 

PAINTED AND OALV. V. C. AND CORRUGATED 
SHEETS; TIN PLATE IN BOXES AND ROLLS; 
RUBBER ROOFING UNDER THE FOLLOWING 
BRANDS: 

Victoria Rubber Monarch Asphalt 

Reliance Guaranteed 

Lowest Market Prices without sacrifice of Quality 

VICTORIA METAL CO., Inc. 

1007-9 E. Canal St. RICHMOND, VA. 



descriptive writing. And here we find 
W. J. Spillman, "Agriculturist in 
Charge of Farm Management, Bureau 
of Plant Industry." If Farmers' Bulle- 
tin 355 by Mr. Spillman — A Success- 
ful Poultry and Dairy Farm — of which 
I have just had the pleasure of read- 
ing the galley proof, and which will 
be ready for free distribution by the 
time this reaches print, does not have 
a run of several editions, I am a bad 



judge of what is good reading. 

The Bulletin is the true story of a 
man, farm born, but who had practiced 
law, whose longing for the ireedom of 
country life led him at the age of 
thirty-six to abandon the city for the 
farm. That his early struggles were 
severe is attested by the fact that he 
and his family, with almost no hired 
help, cleared seventy-six acres of 
heavily timbered land, built a com- 



(Put. 



IS 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



827 




Look at It! 




;a 



0, 




IT'S IN THE LANDSIDE 




TRONG 

ENSIBLE 

ERVICEABLE 




joni- 



SHARP ANGLES TO BREAK OFF 

TILTING OF HANDLESyrO MAKE THE PLOW GO IN THE GROUND 

occasion to break the, THIRD COMMANDMENT 

The Model used by us===The Sloping Landstfe 
and Center Draft, Coupled with our Interlocking 
Landside Device===makes our Plow retain its 
ORIGINAL SHAPE under any and all conditions. 
Each part bearing its own bun: en and transferring 
its strain direct to the foundation of our plows 
prevents straining away from its orginal positions 
of any of the parts, consequently our SUCK AND 
GATHER IS PRESERVED DURING ENTIRE LIFE 
OF PLOW, AND IS ABSOLUTELY ASSURED EVEN 
WHEN BOLTS BECOME LOOSE. 
JUST THE PLOW YOU HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR. 
BEFORE INVESTING YOUR MONEY IN ANOTHER CHILLED PLOW, Write to us for 
further particulars 

The Wm. J. Oliver Mfg. Co. 

KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
N. B.-WH Y Don't Other Manufacturers show LANDSIDE views of their Plows? 






828 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



fortable home, with substantial barn, 
dairy house, silo and poultry houses, 
paid for the land from the farm, and 
developed, under trying conditions, 
one of the best paying farms in the 
country. In 1905 the gross income of 
this farm was $5,000; it is consider- 
ably larger now. The products are 
butter, eggs, poultry and some fresh 
pork. When the family moved to the 
farm in 1887, it consisted of the 
father and the mother, three boys and 
three girls, the oldest child being a 
boy of thirteen. The father and the 
three sons have done the farm work, 
milked the cows and made the butter 
and supplied their city customers, 
twelve miles distant, by team once a 
week for twelve years without a miss. 
In addition to the household duties, for 
several years back the mother and 
one of the daughters have run most 
of tne poultry business, another 
daugnter has reared the calves, and 
the third daughter has kept the books 
and accounts of the establishment. It 
was not all roses and no thorns, but 
energy, persistence and brains have 
brought their reward. 

GUY E. MITCHELL. 



Albemarle Co., Va., April 17 '09. 
I enjoy the Southern Planter very 
much and should hate to give it up. 
WILLIAM R. DUKE. 



Prince Geo. Co., Va., April 19, '09. 

I extend to you my hearty congratu- 
lations upon your long and successful 
management of the Southern Planter 
and wish you a long, happy and more 
successful future, and the final re- 
ward of well done for the good and 
faithful. A. R. CLARY. 



Detailed Index. 

Tennessee Phosphate Rock 806 

Johnson Grass 806 

Seeding Crimson Clover 807 

Making Cider Vinegar 808 

Grass and Corn Growing in Albe- 
marle County, Virginia 808 

Rotation of Crops for Improving 

Land 811 

Rotation System— Red Clover 813 

Share Farming 814 

Seeding to Grass 815 

Seeding to Grass — Alaska Wheat. .816 

Grazing Pastures 817 

Clubroot and Rot in Cabbage 818 

Oat Smut— Plant for Name 819 

Bee Culture — Ox-Eye Daisies 819 

Rotation of Crops 819 

Plant for Name 821 

Liming Land 821 

Early Sown Wheat and the Fly — 
Rape — C o w p e a s — Soy Beans — 

Crimson Clover 822 

Pasture for Geese 826 

Salt and Wire Grass 826 



CONGO 



NEVER LEAK 



ROOFING 




Congo on Allen Panel Co.'s Buildings, Johnson City, Tenn. 

Pliable, durable, easily laid, and of such waterproof qualities 
that it equals rubber itself in keeping out water — that's Congo. 

Storms do not affect it, neither does heat or cold. 

Congo doesn't dry out or rot out. 

Every roll runs uniform throughout, with smooth, even edges. 

Nails, caps and. cement free in center of each roll. 

Congo gives maximum service with minimum care. 

A genuine Guarantee Bond of the National Surety Co. with 
every roll. 

It's worth while writing for a free sample. Do it to-day. 

UNITED ROOFING AND M'FG. CO. 

Successors to Buchanan Foster Co. 

600 West End Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO 





Shingles? 

Yes, I Make 'em 
and Edge 'em too 



I will cut square, 
round or split blocks, 
and make wide or 
narrow shingles. I 
can cut Box Boards 
and Heading, too, and 
and with a bigger saw I can bolt the stock and do many other useful 
stunts. I have Power Feed, a 24 inch shingle saw, a handy edger, with 8- 
inch saw and feed belts, and will work for you for $75 

T e ?™Ztl MIGHTY GOOD SAW MILLS, TOO! 

AndaLotot WoodworkingMachinery 

Other Good ~ z. 

They have a nice book that tells a whole lot more about me and the other machines, and if 
you'll just write to the folks they'll send you one. The address is 

AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 



137 HOPE STREET 



HACKETTSTOWN, N. J. 



IMPROVING. 

"How is your son James getting on 
at college, Mr. Boggs." asked the Par- 
son. 

"Fine," said Boggs. "He's getting 
more business-like every day" 

"I am glad to hear that," said the 
clergyman. "How does the lad show 
it?" 

"Well," said Boggs, "when he first 



went up and wanted money, he used 
to write, asking for it. Now he draws 
on me at sight." — Lippincott's. 



Clinch Co., Ga. ( Jan. 22, '09. 
I enjoy reading the Southern Plant- 
er, and think it is the best agricul- 
tural paper I have ever read. 

C. GILLIAM. 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



829 



*ME) 



llNIOtt 

rljere is. 

Strength' 



Capital, 

9200,000 

Surplus, 

$400,000. 

Deposits, 

$1,500,000 



WON BAN 







DON'T BE EXTRAVAGANT! BUT SAVE ^0 

Are you spending your money extravagantly in "riotous 
living?" If so 'come to yourself" and begin now to save 
a portion of your earnings and place them with us. If you 
do this your money will be safe and your bank account 
will increase daily. This is 

The Oldest, Strongest and Safest Savings Bank in the South 

Which Pays Interest at 3 Per Cent Compounded twice a year. 

UNION BANK OF RICHMOND, 1107 b. Main St.. Richmond, Va. 

Write for our Method of "BANKING BY MAIL", Mention this paper. 




MONTROSE 

Shetland Pony Farm 

Registered Shetlands, highest type 
and quality, both imported and na- 
tive bred. Choice brood mares, with 
foal and young stallions. Well 
mannered, perfectly broken ponies 
and youngsters for sale at attract- 
ive prices. Beautiful and intelli- 
gent little pets for children. In- 
formation cheerfully furnished. Ad- 
dress 

Dr. NASH P. SNEAD 

CARTERSVILLE 
Cumberland County, Virginia 



Shetland Stock Farm 

Wealth, 29579, record 2.10; brown horse, 
16 hands, by Gambetta Wilkes, 2:19%, 
dam Magnolia, by Norfolk. Fastest 
harness stallion in Virginia. Blue rib- 
fcon winner. $25 season. 

IRVING J. COFFIN, 

R. F. D. No.5, 

Richmond, Va. 



WANTED, BY NOVEMBER 1, 1909, 
farm manager for an up-to-date 
1,000-acre farm in Albemarle coun- 
ty; must be man of executive abil- 
ity and tried experience in manage- 
ment of large stock farm; must un- 
derstand handling and feeding of 
stock on scientific principles and 
the working and care of machinery; 
must furnish references of success- 
ful management of such places. Ad- 
dress P. O. Box 255, Charlottesville, 
Va. 

S. C. RHODE ISLAND REDS, "BLUB 
Ribbon" strain; extra fine cockerels 
for sale. Eggs for sitting at all 
times. STJNCREST POTJLTRV COM- 
PANY, Highland Park, Richmond, Va. 



JOSEPH A. TRAINUM. 
Practical Horseshoer. 

Horses balanced and lameness treat- 
ed. Satisfaction guaranteed. 

18th and Cary Sts-, Richmond, Va. 



W. W. FRIEND 

DRUGGIST and SEEDSMAN, 
New Crop Turnip Seed for 1909. 

1801 HULL ST., 

(Opp. Petersburg Turnpike.) 

MANCHESTER, VA. 

LASS1TERS' STABLES 

HORSES & MULES 

For sale, singly and in carload lots, 
Choice Offerings Always on Hand at 
Popular Prices. Semi-weekly auction 
Sales on Wednesdays and Saturdays. 

The prize-winning Trotting: Stallion. 
Petaurist, in the stud. 

JOSEPH LASSITER. 
19th & Franklin Sts„ Richmond, Va. 



ACCA STOCK FARM 

Trotting Horses and Jersey Cattle 

of the richest breeding and most fash- 
ionable strains of blood. Our herd of 
Jerseys has been selected with great 
care, and includes choice representa- 
tives of families, both noted as pro- 
ducers and show ring winners. 

STALLIONS IN SERVICE. 

Akar, 42021, chestnut horse, 4, by 
Aquilin. 2:19%, son of Bingen, 2:06%; 
dam Pavetta, by Pistachio, 2:21%. 
Akar paced a trial in 2:15% with 
quarters better than 30 seconds last 
season at 3 years old. 

Berro, 41821, trotter, bay horse, 4, 
by Bingar, son of Bingen, 2:06%, dam 
Keshena, by Kremlin, 2:07%. 

Fee for either horse $25 season, with 
return privilege. Address, 

GRIFFITH & SAUNDERS, 

Acca Stock Farm, 

Richmond, Va. 

Can Cancer be Cured? 

IT CAN. 

We want every man and woman In 
the United States to know what we 
are doing — we are curing Cancers, Tu- 
rners and Chronic Sores without the 
use of the knife or by X-Ray, and are 
endorsed by the Senate and Legisla- 
ture of Virginia. 

We Guarantee our Cures. 

KELLAM HOSPITAL, 
1«15 West Main St., Richmond, Va. 

FRED C. KELLAM, President. 

BON AXWORTHY, 40483. 
Property of Mr. Joseph Wilmer, 

Bay horse, foaled 1904, by Axwor- 
er world's champion trotter, by 
Electioneer, 125. A large, handsome 
thy, 2:15%; dam Sunol, 2:06%, form- 
horse, combining the blood of George 
Wilkes and Electioneer, world's great- 
est trotting families. 

FEE, $25, with return privilege. 

PLAIN DEALING STOCK FARM, 
ScottsTllle, Va. 






830 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August, 



National Pneumatic Water Supply 

FOR COUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOMES. 

Gives all the advantag-es of a city water works and furnishes 
Are protection, which reduces insurance rates. The accompanying 
sketch shows a complete water system ,bath and kitchen plumbing. 

In connection with our WATER SYSTEM and plumbing equip- 
ment, we furnish plans and specifications and equipment for the 
construction of septic sewer tanks which will dispose of your 
sewage in a mo'st satisfactory manner. 

Send us rough sketch showing location of well and plumb- 
ing fixtures and give depth of well. If you have a spring give 
distance from house, fall from house to spring and fall obtain- 
able in spring, branch, and flow in gallons per minute. State 
how much water required per day, and we will furnish estimate 
•f cost free. 

We furnish system in any capacity from 140 gals, up, and 
for the application of any kind of power for pumping. 

Get our prices on WINDMILLS, 
GASOLINE ENGINES, HOT AIR 
ENGINES, PUMPS OF ALL KINDS. 
AND HYDRAULIC RAMS. IN- 

QUIRE ABOUT OUR BURNSON 
RANGES. WRITE FOR CATALOG. 



GRAHAM DAVIDSON & 
COMPANY, 

Richmond, - Virginia. 



,:•'•' 




;«a<a*B<a*atB*a*BBra*a«B*ff«a*a*B*B*a*B*a^ 

Wagons, Silos and Handy Trucks 



The Tornado 

Silo and Silo 
Fillers are the 
best. Cutters fit- 
ted with Spiral 
knives and shred- 
ding heads. In- 
changeable. 





Handy Trucks 
with wood or 
steel wheels or 
all steel as de- 
sired , four-inch 
grooved tire. 

Greatest labor 

saver on the 
farm. Postal us 
for catalog or 
any information 
desired, or ask 
your nearest 
dealer for our 
goods. 



Boston and Virginia Farm Wagons, Barbour 
Virginia, Peters, King, Tatlor Canady and An- 
derson Buggies and Cariages. Fairbanks-Morse 
Gasooline Engines. Tanks, and Steel Towers. 
Myers, Empire and Fairbanks-Morse Pumps. 
Water Works designed and installed anywhere, 
J. I. Case and Altman-Taylor Steam Engines, 
Concrete Block Machines and Mixtures, Magne- 
tos and Batteries. Kansas City Hay Presses, 
and Gasoline Traction Engines. New Idea 
Manure Spreaders. Repairs and machinery of 
all kinds and for all purposes. 




HOENNIGER $ SIZEMORE CO., Inc., 

MANUFACTURERS AGENTS AND JOBBERS, RETAIL STORE 

1433 East Main Srteet, - - Richmond, Virginia. 



o»nia>s«>n>B>n>B>n>a>a>a*n«aJO>n«2>B»B>aja>fl«s«a»B>n>B>n>n>n«SHS«>n>a*n>niBK:» 



1909.] 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



831 



The Gin That Attracts The Grower 

A MUNGER System Ginning Outfit is the best advertisement a ginner can have. Every 
cotton grower knows that the MUNGER System will give him largest turn-out, best sample 
and an increased market value for his crop. Four ginners out of five select- nine growers 



out of ten patronize — the 



MUNGER i SYSTEM 

The MUNGER System gives the ginner the further advantages of greatest capacity, steady run, greatest freedom 
from delays and breakdown, greatest profit at the season's end. 

The MUNGER System gives choice of Munger, Pratt, Smith, Winship and Eagle Gins. No "Freak Features." 
One or two story installation. Single machines or y^^\ com P lete equipment. Engines, Boilers, 

Linters and full line of Cotton Machinery. Write (^ \ for catalogue ; beautiful color illustration- 

It's FREE. 

Continental Gin 
Company 



Atlanta, Ga. Dallas, Texas 

Birmingham, Ala. Memphis. Tenn. 
Charlotte, N. C. Bridgewater.Mass 
(For Export) 



(Address Sales Office Nearest You) 




BUY 



BATTLE AXE SHOES 



The Best Shoe for 
THE FARMER 

Solid Made and 

Made to Stand 

The Wear 




HIGH QUALITY 
RIGHT STYLE 

Comfortable Fit 
Long Wear 
Low Price 



Every Essential Feature of High Class Shoe Ask your Dealer for this Celebrated, Widely= 
Making is Embodied in BATTLE AXE SHOES known and Widely=worn Brand of Shoes 

THE FARMER'S FRIEND 



Stephen Putney Shoe Co. 



Richmond, Va. 



832 



THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 



[August. 



FREE TO YOU! 



ON 30 DAYS TRIAL 

Famous Spotless Washing Machine 




Write us a postal card to-day 
and we will ship you at once 
this wonderful washing machine 
and wringer. Il comes right to 
your depot without any trouble 
on your part. Try it for 30 
days, give it the hardest kind 
of a test and then, if not sat- 
isfactory, send it back to us by 
freight and we will pay the 
charges back. If you do like it, 
we -will make the payments on 
such easy installments that any 
one can buy it. 

STOP 

SERIOUSLY 

TO 

THINK 

if you could imagine a fairer of- 
fer than this. Could we make it 
if the Spotless was not one of 
the best washers in the world. 
Moreover there are no strings to 
this offer, it is a square deal and 
is just as it is written. All you 
have to do is to send us say two 
references that we may know 
who you are. Our Spotless 
Washer is honestly made of Se- 
lected Virginia White Cedar — 
is steam tight — has all its 
mechanism enclosed — no danger 
of hands or clothing being 
caught — is ball bearing like a 
bicycle and is the only machine 
made in the world that Is auto- 
matically lubricated; that is why 
it runs so easily. Send to-day 
for full particulars of this re- 
markable machine. 



The Spotless Company 

122 SH0CK0E SQUARE, RICHMOND, VA. 

THE SOUTH'S MAIL ORDER HOUSE 



Farmers & Merchants. Attention! 



The Largest Dealers in Agricultural Implements, 
Vehicles, Harness, Saw Mills, Gasolene Engines, 
Cider Mills, Etc 

1426 East Main St. and 1438 East Franklin St., RICHMOND, VA. 





want, and for Catalogue 
The world's 

famous 

Monarch 
"Corn Meal 

and Feed 
Mill." Gen- 
uine French 
Burrs. To be 
appreciated 
it must be tried 



Agents for 
R. & V. and 
AlamoGaso- 
lefce Engines 
from 2 to 20 
Horse Pow- 
er. Write us 
for prices on 
sizes you 





The Sharpie's 
New Tubular 'A' 
Different from 
the others. Al- 
ways in the lead. 
Not a 'Has Been, 
but a Right Now' 
Cream Separator 



The finest 
line of Run- 
abouts, Top 
Buggiesand 

Surries al- 
wayscarried 
in Stock. 




The New 
Deere Hay 
Loader. It 
loads any kind 
of hay cleanly 
and rapidly 
without break- 
ing or injuring 
in any way. 
Write for 
special cir- 
cular. 





The Hocking 

Valley Cider 

Mill. The 

best on the 

market. Has 

wooden crush 

ing roller and 

steel teeth, 

which does 

not discolor 

the cider or 

give it the 

taste of the 



Cast-Iron Roller. 



Agents for 
Dain Hay 

Presses 

Both Horse 

Power and 

Steam 

Power. 




For Sale by THE WATT PLOW COMPANY, 

RICHMOND, VA. 

1426 East Main Street, ... 1438 East Franklin Street. 



The Nortwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co. 

Is Paying out and Investing in both VIRGINIA and NORTH 
CAROLINA more than it receives from these States 

New Business in Virginia, 1908 ifl^w Gain in Insurance in force in Virginia, 

£2,147,800 %®jk' 1908, $1,374,975 

Larger than any other Company V*s^ 60 % More than the Next Largest 

T. ARCHIBALD CARY, General Agent for Virginia & North Carolina 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. 

- - Corrugated V- Crimp Roofing - - 

painted and galvanized 

"Bestoid" Rubber Roofing 
Carey's Magnesia Cement Roofing 

Tarred Paper, Tin Plate, Lime, Ce- 
ment, Hardware, Terra Cotta Pipe, 
Wire Fence, Drain Tile, etc. 

SEND FOR CATALOGUE 

BALDWIN & BROWN. 1557 E. MAIN ST., RICHMOND, VA. 




THE AULTMAN C& TAYLOR 

Engines 
THresHers 
Saw Mills 

MODERN, UP-TO-DATE IN EVERY RESPECT. 

~ I Machinery built to give the best 

SATISFACTION 






Catalogues on application to Home 
Office, Mansfield, 0., or 

W. K. Bache, Salesman, 

RICHMOND, VA.